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Griffith OR, Marshall I, Nasmyth PA. Blockade of pre-synaptic alpha-adrenoceptors by metiamide [proceedings]. Br J Pharmacol 1978; 64:416P. [PMID: 31220 PMCID: PMC1668509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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252
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Marshall I, Nasmyth PA, Shepperson NB. The effect of exogenous noradrenaline on the overflow of [3H]-noradrenaline from the mouse vas deferens [proceedings]. Br J Pharmacol 1978; 64:417P. [PMID: 719268 PMCID: PMC1668576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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253
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Marshall I, Nasmyth PA, Shepperson NB. The effects of release and depletion of endogenous noradrenaline on the transmission of impulses in the mouse vas deferens. Br J Pharmacol 1978; 64:145-51. [PMID: 212149 PMCID: PMC1668268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1978.tb08651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
1 The effects of endogenous noradrenaline released by tyramine and the influence of depletion of the tissue noradrenaline with reserpine and/or alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine on the twitch responses of the field-stimulated mouse vas deferens have been studied.2 Tyramine (10-40 muM) inhibited the twitch responses to field stimulation and failed to produce a contraction. The inhibition decreased as the rate of stimulation increased.3 The inhibition produced by tyramine was antagonized by cocaine (10 muM) and by yohimbine (10 nM), which indicated that it was produced by released noradrenaline acting on presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors.4 Depletion of the tissue noradrenaline by 39% by blockade of the synthesis of noradrenaline with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, was without effect on the twitch response but it reduced the inhibitory effect of tyramine.5 Depletion of the tissue noradrenaline by 96.5% with reserpine alone and by 99.4%, with a combination of reserpine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, reduced the twitch responses by approximately 66% and virtually abolished the inhibition produced by tyramine. It also increased the rate of decline of the responses when the tissue was continuously stimulated. The remaining twitch was not antagonized by phenoxybenzamine (15 muM).6 Residual twitches were bigger in tissues depleted by 99.4% than in those depleted by only 96.5%. This difference was eliminated in the presence of yohimbine (128 nM).7 It is concluded that inhibition of the twitch responses by tyramine is produced by stimulation of presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors and that the twitch response is associated with stimulation of the sympathetic neurone, but that it is not mediated by postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors.
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Marshall I, Nasmyth PA, Shepperson NB. Presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors and [3H]-noradrenaline overflow from the mouse was deferens [proceedings]. Br J Pharmacol 1978; 62:382P-383P. [PMID: 205297 PMCID: PMC1668187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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255
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Marshall I, Nasmyth PA, Shepperson NB. A comparison of 3 methods used for measuring the overflow of noradrenaline in the mouse isolated stimulated vas deferens [proceedings]. Br J Pharmacol 1978; 62:465P-466P. [PMID: 638381 PMCID: PMC1668158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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256
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Marshall I. An inhibitory histamine H2-receptor in the mouse vas deferens [proceedings]. Br J Pharmacol 1978; 62:447P. [PMID: 638366 PMCID: PMC1668210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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257
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Marshall I, Nasmyth PA, Nicholl CG, Shepperson NB. alpha-Adrenoceptors in the mouse vas deferens and their effects on its response to electrical stimulation. Br J Pharmacol 1978; 62:147-51. [PMID: 23194 PMCID: PMC1667771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1978.tb07018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
1 Noradrenaline (ID50, 0.75 micrometer) and clonidine (ID50, 2.8 nM) produced a dose-related inhibition of the twitch response of the isolated vas deferens of the mouse to electrical stimulation, their effectiveness decreasing as frequency of stimulation increased from 0.2 to 16 hertz. 2 Phenylephrine (1.0--2.0 micrometer) produced a dose-related contraction of the mouse isolated vas deferens and potentiated the responses to field stimulation. 3 Yohimbine (10 nM) antagonized the inhibitory effects of noradrenaline and clonidine, but had no effect on the motor activity of phenylephrine. At a concentration of 128 nM yohimbine potentiated the twitch response by 110% at 1 Hz, but its effectiveness decreased with increasing frequency of stimulation up to 16 hertz. 4 Thymoxamine (0.3 micrometer) antagonized the effects of phenylephrine, but not those of clonidine. 5 From a consideration of the known characteristics of pre- and postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors, it is concluded that the inhibitory effect of noradrenaline is produced by stimulation of the former and the effects of phenylephrine by stimulation of the latter.
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Abstract
1 Noradrenaline (0.1-3.0 muM) inhibited the twitch responses to single pulse field stimulation of the isolated vas deferens of the mouse. The higher concentrations of noradrenaline (ca. 0.3-3.0 muM) were required to make the tissue contract.2 Phentolamine (10 muM) abolished the contractor response to higher concentrations of noradrenaline and antagonized the inhibitory effect of lower concentrations on the twitch response.3 Propranolol (10 muM) potentiated both the contractor and the inhibitory effect of noradrenaline on the twitch response.4 Isoprenaline (0.1-3.0 muM) and salbutamol (1.0-3.0 muM) both inhibited the twitch response. Their effects were antagonized by propranolol (10 muM), but not by practolol (10 muM).5 The effects of uptake(1) and uptake(2) blocking agents were determined. Cocaine (10 muM) reduced the size of the twitch response in 2 out of 4 experiments. Imipramine (0.18 muM) also reduced the size of the twitch, as did oestradiol (3.7 muM) and a combination of cocaine and oestradiol.6 Contractor responses to exogenous noradrenaline showed tachyphylaxis, but when this was not very marked, the response could be shown to be potentiated by uptake blocking agents.7 The inhibitory effect of noradrenaline on the twitch response was greatly potentiated by cocaine (10 muM) and much less so by oestradiol (3.7 muM).8 It is concluded that the transmitter responsible for the twitch response is either an unknown substance released from the sympathetic neurone, or noradrenaline acting upon a receptor with none of the characteristics of known alpha- or beta-adrenoceptors. In either case, noradrenaline can inhibit the output, probably by stimulation of presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors.
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259
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Marshall I, Nasmyth PA, Russel GK, Shepperson NB. Ergometrine: a pre-synaptic alpha-adrenoceptro agonist [proceedings]. Br J Pharmacol 1977; 61:129P. [PMID: 21011 PMCID: PMC1667668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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260
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Marshall I, Nasmyth PA, Shepperson NB. The relationship between pre-synaptic alpha-adrenoceptors, stimulation frequency and calcium [proceedings]. Br J Pharmacol 1977; 61:128P. [PMID: 199308 PMCID: PMC1667628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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261
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Marshall I, Nasmyth PA, Sheppherson NB. The influence of pre-synaptic alpha-adrenoceptors on the overflow of noradrenaline in the stimulated mouse vas deferens [proceedings]. Br J Pharmacol 1977; 60:304P-305P. [PMID: 195664 PMCID: PMC1667418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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262
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Shaw JR, Marshall I, Erasmus DA. Schistosoma mansoni: in vitro stimulation of vitelline cell development by extracts of male worms. Exp Parasitol 1977; 42:14-20. [PMID: 862702 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(77)90056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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263
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Marshall I, Nasmyth PA, Nicholl CG, Shepperson NB. Pre-synaptic alpha-adrenoceptor regulation of the twitch response of the mouse vas deferens [proceedings]. Br J Pharmacol 1977; 59:510P. [PMID: 191133 PMCID: PMC1667941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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264
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Marshall I, Nasmyth PA, Shepperson NB. Pre-synaptic alpha-adrenoceptors and the inhibition by uptake blocking agents of the twitch response of the mouse vas deferens [proceedings]. Br J Pharmacol 1977; 59:511P. [PMID: 191134 PMCID: PMC1667968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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265
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Marshall I, Nasmyth PA, Shepperson NB. The effect of depletion of the noradrenaline content on the response of the mouse vas deferens to electrical stimulation and to tyramine [proceedings]. J Physiol 1977; 265:45P-46P. [PMID: 850184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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266
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Jenkins DA, Marshall I, Nasmyth PA. Proceedings: Is noradrenaline the motor transmitter in the mouse vas deferens? J Physiol 1976; 254:49P-50P. [PMID: 175153 PMCID: PMC1309172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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267
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Jenkins DA, Marshall I, Nasmyth PA. Proceedings: Is morphine inhibition to the twitch response of the mouse vas deferens mediated via noradrenaline? Br J Pharmacol 1975; 55:267P-268P. [PMID: 1201407 PMCID: PMC1666827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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268
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McManus DP, Marshall I, James BL. Lipids in digestive gland of Littorina saxatilis rudis (Maton) and in daughter sporocysts of Microphallus similis (Jäg. 1900). Exp Parasitol 1975; 37:157-63. [PMID: 1123012 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(75)90066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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269
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Marshall I, McManus DP, James BL. Phosphomonoesterase activity in intertidal prosobranchs and in their digenean parasites. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 49:301-6. [PMID: 4423393 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(74)90164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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270
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Marshall I, McManus DP, James BL. Glycolysis in the digestive gland of healthy and parasitized Littorina saxatilis rudis (Maton) and in the daughter sporocysts of Microphallus similis (Jäg.) (Digenea: Microphallidae). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 49:291-9. [PMID: 4371382 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(74)90163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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271
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Marshall I. Proceedings: Carotenoids in Littorina littorea and Gibbula umbilicalis and in their germinal sacs. Parasitology 1974; 69:ix. [PMID: 4419327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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272
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Marshall I, Smith CB. Acute and chronic morphine treatment and the hydroxylation of (1-14C)-L-tyrosine in the mouse brain. Br J Pharmacol 1974; 50:428-30. [PMID: 4152762 PMCID: PMC1776698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb09620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase activity in slices of caudate nucleus was increased by morphine (100 mg/kg i.p.) administered to naive mice. During chronic treatment with morphine tolerance developed to this effect and 36 h after the final chronic morphine injection there was a decrease in enzyme activity in this area. There was no change in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in slices of diencephalon, brainstem or parietal cortex from either naive or morphine tolerant mice. There- fore, changes in tyrosine hydroxylase activity, measured in vitro, could account for the changes in dopamine synthesis, but not noradrenaline synthesis, produced by morphine in vivo.
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Marshall I, Grahame-Smith DG. Evidence against a role of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine in the development of physical dependence upon morphine in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1971; 179:634-41. [PMID: 4257807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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275
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Marshall I, Grahame-Smith DG. Unchanged rate of brain serotonin synthesis during chronic morphine treatment and failure of parachlorophenylalanine to attenuate withdrawal syndrome in mice. Nature 1970; 228:1206-8. [PMID: 5530575 DOI: 10.1038/2281206a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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