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Wolszczak-Biedrzycka B, Dorf J, Matowicka-Karna J, Wojewódzka-Żeleźniakowicz M, Żukowski P, Zalewska A, Maciejczyk M. Significance of nitrosative stress and glycoxidation products in the diagnosis of COVID-19. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9198. [PMID: 38649417 PMCID: PMC11035544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrosative stress promotes protein glycoxidation, and both processes can occur during an infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess selected nitrosative stress parameters and protein glycoxidation products in COVID-19 patients and convalescents relative to healthy subjects, including in reference to the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. The diagnostic utility of nitrosative stress and protein glycoxidation biomarkers was also evaluated in COVID-19 patients. The study involved 218 patients with COVID-19, 69 convalescents, and 48 healthy subjects. Nitrosative stress parameters (NO, S-nitrosothiols, nitrotyrosine) and protein glycoxidation products (tryptophan, kynurenine, N-formylkynurenine, dityrosine, AGEs) were measured in the blood plasma or serum with the use of colorimetric/fluorometric methods. The levels of NO (p = 0.0480), S-nitrosothiols (p = 0.0004), nitrotyrosine (p = 0.0175), kynurenine (p < 0.0001), N-formylkynurenine (p < 0.0001), dityrosine (p < 0.0001), and AGEs (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher, whereas tryptophan fluorescence was significantly (p < 0.0001) lower in COVID-19 patients than in the control group. Significant differences in the analyzed parameters were observed in different stages of COVID-19. In turn, the concentrations of kynurenine (p < 0.0001), N-formylkynurenine (p < 0.0001), dityrosine (p < 0.0001), and AGEs (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher, whereas tryptophan levels were significantly (p < 0.0001) lower in convalescents than in healthy controls. The ROC analysis revealed that protein glycoxidation products can be useful for diagnosing infections with the SARS-CoV-2 virus because they differentiate COVID-19 patients (KN: sensitivity-91.20%, specificity-92.00%; NFK: sensitivity-92.37%, specificity-92.00%; AGEs: sensitivity-99,02%, specificity-100%) and convalescents (KN: sensitivity-82.22%, specificity-84.00%; NFK: sensitivity-82,86%, specificity-86,00%; DT: sensitivity-100%, specificity-100%; AGE: sensitivity-100%, specificity-100%) from healthy subjects with high sensitivity and specificity. Nitrosative stress and protein glycoxidation are intensified both during and after an infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The levels of redox biomarkers fluctuate in different stages of the disease. Circulating biomarkers of nitrosative stress/protein glycoxidation have potential diagnostic utility in both COVID-19 patients and convalescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Wolszczak-Biedrzycka
- Department of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-900, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Justyna Dorf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Matowicka-Karna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Żukowski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Croydon University Hospital, 530 London Road, Croydon, Surrey, CR7 7YE, UK
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Independent Laboratory of Experimental Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Białystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Białystok, Poland
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Ahring KK, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Brüel A, Christensen M, Jensen E, Jensen TG, Johannsen M, Johansen KS, Lund AM, Madsen JG, Brøndum-Nielsen K, Pedersen M, Sørensen LK, Kjolby M, Møller LB. The effect of casein glycomacropeptide versus free synthetic amino acids for early treatment of phenylketonuria in a mice model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261150. [PMID: 35015767 PMCID: PMC8751992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Management of phenylketonuria (PKU) is mainly achieved through dietary control with limited intake of phenylalanine (Phe) from food, supplemented with low protein (LP) food and a mixture of free synthetic (FS) amino acids (AA) (FSAA). Casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) is a natural peptide released in whey during cheese making by the action of the enzyme chymosin. Because CGMP in its pure form does not contain Phe, it is nutritionally suitable as a supplement in the diet for PKU when enriched with specific AAs. Lacprodan® CGMP-20 (= CGMP) used in this study contained only trace amounts of Phe due to minor presence of other proteins/peptides. Objective The aims were to address the following questions in a classical PKU mouse model: Study 1, off diet: Can pure CGMP or CGMP supplemented with Large Neutral Amino Acids (LNAA) as a supplement to normal diet significantly lower the content of Phe in the brain compared to a control group on normal diet, and does supplementation of selected LNAA results in significant lower brain Phe level?. Study 2, on diet: Does a combination of CGMP, essential (non-Phe) EAAs and LP diet, provide similar plasma and brain Phe levels, growth and behavioral skills as a formula which alone consist of FSAA, with a similar composition?. Material and methods 45 female mice homozygous for the Pahenu2 mutation were treated for 12 weeks in five different groups; G1(N-CGMP), fed on Normal (N) casein diet (75%) in combination with CGMP (25%); G2 (N-CGMP-LNAA), fed on Normal (N) casein diet (75%) in combination with CGMP (19,7%) and selected LNAA (5,3% Leu, Tyr and Trp); G3 (N), fed on normal casein diet (100%); G4 (CGMP-EAA-LP), fed on CGMP (70,4%) in combination with essential AA (19,6%) and LP diet; G5 (FSAA-LP), fed on FSAA (100%) and LP diet. The following parameters were measured during the treatment period: Plasma AA profiles including Phe and Tyr, growth, food and water intake and number of teeth cut. At the end of the treatment period, a body scan (fat and lean body mass) and a behavioral test (Barnes Maze) were performed. Finally, the brains were examined for content of Phe, Tyr, Trp, dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5-HIAA), and the bone density and bone mineral content were determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results Study 1: Mice off diet supplemented with CGMP (G1 (N-CGMP)) or supplemented with CGMP in combination with LNAA (G2 (N-CGMP-LNAA)) had significantly lower Phe in plasma and in the brain compared to mice fed only casein (G3 (N)). Extra LNAA (Tyr, Trp and Leu) to CGMP did not have any significant impact on Phe levels in the plasma and brain, but an increase in serotonin was measured in the brain of G2 mice compared to G1. Study 2: PKU mice fed with mixture of CGMP and EAA as supplement to LP diet (G4 (CGMP-EAA-LP)) demonstrated lower plasma-Phe levels but similar brain- Phe levels and growth as mice fed on an almost identical combination of FSAA (G5 (FSAA-LP)). Conclusion CGMP can be a relevant supplement for the treatment of PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten K. Ahring
- Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Genetics, PKU Clinic, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Christensen
- Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Erik Jensen
- Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Viby J, Denmark
| | - Thomas G. Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karen S. Johansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Allan M. Lund
- Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Jesper G. Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karen Brøndum-Nielsen
- Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Genetics, PKU Clinic, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Michael Pedersen
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Mads Kjolby
- Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth B. Møller
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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Yazdanpanah M, Yuan L. A highly accurate mass spectrometry method for the quantification of phenylalanine and tyrosine on dried blood spots: Combination of liquid chromatography, phenylalanine/tyrosine-free blood calibrators and multi-point/dynamic calibration. Clin Biochem 2021; 101:35-41. [PMID: 34896097 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of quantitative levels of phenylalanine and tyrosine in blood is an essential test for the diagnosis of and monitoring genetic disorders associated with phenylalanine metabolism, such as phenylketonuria (PKU), tyrosinemia, and defects of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis and recycling. We developed a highly accurate and fast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of phenylalanine and tyrosine on dried blood spot (DBS). We also designed a performance score system to evaluate various calibration methods in matrix matched material. METHODS Phenylalanine/tyrosine-free whole blood was used to make accurate and stable DBS calibrators. Six calibrators cover the range of 0-1000 µmol/L. Underivatized phenylalanine and tyrosine were extracted and measured by LC-MS/MS. Precision, accuracy, limit of quantification, recovery and carryover were validated. External quality assurance materials were also used to evaluate performance of multi-point calibrations and single-point calibrations. RESULTS The run time was 4.5-minute. Accuracy analysis showed good agreement with reference materials. Precision, recovery, and the lower and upper limit of quantification met the criteria. When phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations were less than 150 µmol/L, the 5-point calibration without the calibrator of 1000 µmol/L had the best performance. When the concentrations were > 250 µmol/L, the single-point calibration of 500 µmol/L had the best performance. CONCLUSION We developed a simple, fast and highly accurate method for the detection of phenylalanine and tyrosine on DBS, with chromatographic separation and underivatized analysis. Based on the calibration performance, a 6-point calibration method is satisfying for this test. An optional dynamic calibration method, which includes 6-point calibration, 5-point calibration and single-point calibration, can further increase test reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Yazdanpanah
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Libin Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Scala I, Concolino D, Nastasi A, Esposito G, Crisci D, Sestito S, Ferraro S, Albano L, Ruoppolo M, Parenti G, Strisciuglio P. Beneficial Effects of Slow-Release Large Neutral Amino Acids after a Phenylalanine Oral Load in Patients with Phenylketonuria. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114012. [PMID: 34836270 PMCID: PMC8618154 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mainstay of phenylketonuria treatment is a low protein diet, supplemented with phenylalanine (Phe)-free protein substitutes and micronutrients. Adhering to this diet is challenging, and even patients with good metabolic control who follow the dietary prescriptions in everyday life ignore the recommendations occasionally. The present study explores the ability of slow-release large neutral amino acids (srLNAAs) to prevent Phe increase following a Phe dietary load. Fourteen phenylketonuric patients aged ≥13 years were enrolled in a 6-week protocol. Oral acute Phe loads of 250 and 500 mg were added to the evening meal together with srLNAAs (0.5 gr/kg). Phe and tyrosine were dosed before dinner, 2h-after dinner, and after the overnight fast. After oral Phe loads, mean plasma Phe remained stable and below 600 µmol/L. No Phe peaks were registered. Tyrosine levels significantly increased, and Phe/Tyrosine ratio decreased. No adverse events were registered. In conclusion, a single oral administration of srLNAAs at the dose of 0.5 gr/kg is effective in maintaining stable plasma Phe during acute oral loads with Phe-containing food and may be added to the dietetic scheme in situations in which patients with generally good adherence to diet foresee a higher than prescribed Phe intake due to their commitments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Scala
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Federico II University Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463348; +39-081-7463769
| | - Daniela Concolino
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.C.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Anna Nastasi
- Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giulia Esposito
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (G.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Daniela Crisci
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (L.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Simona Sestito
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.C.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefania Ferraro
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.C.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Lucia Albano
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (L.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (L.A.); (M.R.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (G.P.); (P.S.)
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Strisciuglio
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (G.P.); (P.S.)
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Wiecek M, Szygula Z, Gradek J, Kusmierczyk J, Szymura J. Whole-Body Cryotherapy Increases the Activity of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Older Men. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071041. [PMID: 34356664 PMCID: PMC8301999 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging causes oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and a reduction in the bioavailability of nitric oxide. The study aim was to determine whether, as a result of repeated whole-body exposure to cryogenic temperature (3 min −130 °C), there is an increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) concentration in senior subjects (59 ± 6 years), and if this effect is stronger in athletes. In 10 long-distance runners (RUN) and 10 untraining (UTR) men, 24 whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) procedures were performed. Prior to WBC, after 12th and 24th treatments and 7 days later, the concentration of iNOS, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NTR), homocysteine (HCY), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukins such as: IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10 were measured. In the RUN and UTR groups, after 24 WBC, iNOS concentration was found to be comparable and significantly higher (F = 5.95, p < 0.01) (large clinical effect size) compared to before 1st WBC and after 12th WBC sessions. There were no changes in the concentration of the remaining markers as a result of WBC (p > 0.05). As a result of applying 24 WBC treatments, using the every-other-day model, iNOS concentration increased in the group of older men, regardless of their physical activity level. Along with this increase, there were no changes in nitro-oxidative stress or inflammation marker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wiecek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Zbigniew Szygula
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Joanna Gradek
- Department of Athletics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Justyna Kusmierczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Jadwiga Szymura
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (J.S.)
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Burlina A, Giuliani A, Polo G, Gueraldi D, Gragnaniello V, Cazzorla C, Opladen T, Hoffmann G, Blau N, Burlina AP. Detection of 3-O-methyldopa in dried blood spots for neonatal diagnosis of aromatic L-amino-acid decarboxylase deficiency: The northeastern Italian experience. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 133:56-62. [PMID: 33744095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare inherited autosomal recessive disorder of biogenic amine metabolism. Diagnosis requires analysis of neurotransmitter metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid, AADC enzyme activity analysis, or molecular analysis of the DDC gene. 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) is a key screening biomarker for AADC deficiency. METHODS We describe a rapid method for 3-OMD determination in dried blood spots (DBS) using flow-injection analysis tandem mass spectrometry with NeoBase™ 2 reagents and 13C6-tyrosine as an internal standard, which are routinely used in high-throughput newborn screening. We assessed variability using quality control samples over a range of 3-OMD concentrations. RESULTS Within-day and between-day precision determined with quality control samples demonstrated coefficients of variation <15%. 3-OMD concentrations in 1000 healthy newborns revealed a mean of 1.33 μmol/L (SD ± 0.56, range 0.61-3.05 μmol/L), 100 non-AADC control subjects (age 7 days - 1 year) showed a mean of 1.19 μmol/L (SD ± 0.35-2.00 μmol/L), and 81 patients receiving oral L-Dopa had a mean 3-OMD concentration of 14.90 μmol/L (SD ± 14.18, range 0.4-80.3 μmol/L). A patient with confirmed AADC was retrospectively analyzed and correctly identified (3-OMD 10.51 μmol/L). In April 2020, we started a pilot project for identifying AADC deficiency in DBSs routinely submitted to the expanded newborn screening program. 3-OMD concentrations were measured in 21,867 samples; no patients with AADC deficiency were identified. One newborn had a high 3-OMD concentration due to maternal L-Dopa treatment. DISCUSSION We demonstrated a rapid new method to identify AADC deficiency using reagents and equipment already widely used in newborn screening programs. Although our study is limited, introduction of our method in expanded neonatal screening is feasible and could facilitate deployment of screening, allowing for early diagnosis that is important for effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy.
| | - Antonella Giuliani
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Polo
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Gueraldi
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gragnaniello
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Cazzorla
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Thomas Opladen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nenad Blau
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
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van Wegberg A, Evers R, Burgerhof J, van Dam E, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Janssen M, de Vries MC, van Spronsen FJ. Effect of BH4 on blood phenylalanine and tyrosine variations in patients with phenylketonuria. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 133:49-55. [PMID: 33766497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with phenylketonuria, stability of blood phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations might influence brain chemistry and therefore patient outcome. This study prospectively investigated the effects of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), as a chaperone of phenylalanine hydroxylase on diurnal and day-to-day variations of blood phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations. METHODS Blood phenylalanine and tyrosine were measured in dried blood spots (DBS) four times daily for 2 days (fasting, before lunch, before dinner, evening) and once daily (fasting) for 6 days in a randomized cross-over design with a period with BH4 and a period without BH4. The sequence was randomized. Eleven proven BH4 responsive PKU patients participated, 5 of them used protein substitutes during BH4 treatment. Natural protein intake and protein substitute dosing was adjusted during the period without BH4 in order to keep DBS phenylalanine levels within target range. Patients filled out a 3-day food diary during both study periods. Variations of DBS phenylalanine and Tyr were expressed in standard deviations (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV). RESULTS BH4 treatment did not significantly influence day-to-day phenylalanine and tyrosine variations nor diurnal phenylalanine variations, but decreased diurnal tyrosine variations (median SD 17.6 μmol/l, median CV 21.3%, p = 0.01) compared to diet only (median SD 34.2 μmol/l, median CV 43.2%). Consequently, during BH4 treatment diurnal phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio variation was smaller, while fasting tyrosine levels tended to be higher. CONCLUSION BH4 did not impact phenylalanine variation but decreased diurnal tyrosine and phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio variations, possibly explained by less use of protein substitute and increased tyrosine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amj van Wegberg
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Raf Evers
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jgm Burgerhof
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - E van Dam
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M R Heiner-Fokkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - McH Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M C de Vries
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboudumc Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - F J van Spronsen
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease for which the main treatment is the dietary restriction of the amino acid phenylalanine. The diet has to be initiated in the neonatal period to prevent or reduce mental handicap. However, the diet is very restrictive and unpalatable and can be difficult to follow. A deficiency of the amino acid tyrosine has been suggested as a cause of some of the neuropsychological problems exhibited in phenylketonuria. Therefore, this review aims to assess the efficacy of tyrosine supplementation for phenylketonuria. This is an update of previously published versions of this review. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of tyrosine supplementation alongside or instead of a phenylalanine-restricted diet for people with phenylketonuria, who commenced on diet at diagnosis and either continued on the diet or relaxed the diet later in life. To assess the evidence that tyrosine supplementation alongside, or instead of a phenylalanine-restricted diet improves intelligence, neuropsychological performance, growth and nutritional status, mortality rate and quality of life. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Trials Register which is comprised of references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches, handsearches of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings. Additional studies were identified from handsearches of the Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease (from inception in 1978 to 1998). The manufacturers of prescribable dietary products used in the treatment of phenylketonuria were also contacted for further references. Date of the most recent search of the Group's Inborn Errors of Metabolism Trials Register: 07 December 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised or quasi-randomised trials investigating the use of tyrosine supplementation versus placebo in people with phenylketonuria in addition to, or instead of, a phenylalanine-restricted diet. People treated for maternal phenylketonuria were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed the trial eligibility, methodological quality and extracted the data. MAIN RESULTS Six trials were found, of which three trials reporting the results of a total of 56 participants, were suitable for inclusion in the review. The blood tyrosine concentrations were significantly higher in the participants receiving tyrosine supplements than those in the placebo group, mean difference 23.46 (95% confidence interval 12.87 to 34.05). No significant differences were found between any of the other outcomes measured. The trials were assessed as having a low to moderate risk of bias across several domains. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS From the available evidence no recommendations can be made about whether tyrosine supplementation should be introduced into routine clinical practice. Further randomised controlled studies are required to provide more evidence. However, given this is not an active area of research, we have no plans to update this review in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Remmington
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sherie Smith
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology (COG), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Bärhold F, Meyer U, Neugebauer AK, Thimm EM, Lier D, Rosenbaum-Fabian S, Och U, Fekete A, Möslinger D, Rohde C, Beblo S, Hochuli M, Bogovic N, Korpel V, vom Dahl S, Mayorandan S, Fischer A, Freisinger P, Dokoupil K, Heddrich-Ellerbrok M, Jörg-Streller M, van Teeffelen-Heithoff A, Lahl J, Das AM. Hepatorenal Tyrosinaemia: Impact of a Simplified Diet on Metabolic Control and Clinical Outcome. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010134. [PMID: 33396520 PMCID: PMC7824011 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tyrosinaemia type 1 is a rare inherited metabolic disease caused by an enzyme defect in the tyrosine degradation pathway. It is treated using nitisinone and a low-protein diet. In a workshop in 2013, a group of nutritional specialists from Germany, Switzerland and Austria agreed to advocate a simplified low-protein diet and to allow more natural protein intake in patients with tyrosinaemia type 1. This retrospective study evaluates the recommendations made at different treatment centers and their impact on clinical symptoms and metabolic control. Methods: For this multicenter study, questionnaires were sent to nine participating treatment centers to collect data on the general therapeutic approach and data of 47 individual patients treated by those centers. Results: Dietary simplification allocating food to 3 categories led to increased tyrosine and phenylalanine blood concentrations without weighing food. Phenylalanine levels were significantly higher in comparison to a strict dietary regimen whereas tyrosine levels in plasma did not change. Non-inferiority was shown for the simplification and liberalization of the diet. Compliance with dietary recommendations was higher using the simplified diet in comparison to the stricter approach. Age correlates negatively with compliance. Conclusions: Simplification of the diet with increased natural protein intake based on three categories of food may be implemented in the diet of patients with tyrosinaemia type 1 without significantly altering metabolic control. Patient compliance is strongly influencing tyrosine blood concentrations. A subsequent prospective study with a larger sample size is necessary to get a better insight into the effect of dietary recommendations on metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Bärhold
- Department of Paediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.B.); (U.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Uta Meyer
- Department of Paediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.B.); (U.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Anne-Kathrin Neugebauer
- Klinik für Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.-K.N.); (E.M.T.)
| | - Eva Maria Thimm
- Klinik für Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.-K.N.); (E.M.T.)
| | - Dinah Lier
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Stoffwechselzentrum, Klinikum am Steinenberg, Steinenbergstraße 31, 72764 Reutlingen, Germany; (D.L.); (A.F.); (P.F.)
| | - Stefanie Rosenbaum-Fabian
- Zentrum für Kinder- u. Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Och
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany; (U.O.); (A.v.T.-H.)
| | - Anna Fekete
- Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, AKH Universitätsklinikum Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Wien, Austria; (A.F.); (D.M.)
| | - Dorothea Möslinger
- Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, AKH Universitätsklinikum Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Wien, Austria; (A.F.); (D.M.)
| | - Carmen Rohde
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20 a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Skadi Beblo
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20 a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Michel Hochuli
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistraße 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland;
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism Inselspital Bern, University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Bogovic
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (N.B.); (V.K.); (S.v.D.)
| | - Vanessa Korpel
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (N.B.); (V.K.); (S.v.D.)
| | - Stephan vom Dahl
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (N.B.); (V.K.); (S.v.D.)
| | - Sebene Mayorandan
- Department of Paediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.B.); (U.M.); (S.M.)
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany; (U.O.); (A.v.T.-H.)
| | - Aleksandra Fischer
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Stoffwechselzentrum, Klinikum am Steinenberg, Steinenbergstraße 31, 72764 Reutlingen, Germany; (D.L.); (A.F.); (P.F.)
| | - Peter Freisinger
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Stoffwechselzentrum, Klinikum am Steinenberg, Steinenbergstraße 31, 72764 Reutlingen, Germany; (D.L.); (A.F.); (P.F.)
| | - Katharina Dokoupil
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 München, Germany;
| | - Margret Heddrich-Ellerbrok
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Monika Jörg-Streller
- Department für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Agnes van Teeffelen-Heithoff
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany; (U.O.); (A.v.T.-H.)
| | - Janina Lahl
- Nutricia GmbH, Metabolics Expert Centre, Am Hauptbahnhof 18, 60329 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Anibh Martin Das
- Department of Paediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.B.); (U.M.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-3220; Fax: +49-511-532-18516
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10
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Jäger S, Cuadrat R, Wittenbecher C, Floegel A, Hoffmann P, Prehn C, Adamski J, Pischon T, Schulze MB. Mendelian Randomization Study on Amino Acid Metabolism Suggests Tyrosine as Causal Trait for Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3890. [PMID: 33352682 PMCID: PMC7766372 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating levels of branched-chain amino acids, glycine, or aromatic amino acids have been associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. However, whether those associations reflect causal relationships or are rather driven by early processes of disease development is unclear. We selected diabetes-related amino acid ratios based on metabolic network structures and investigated causal effects of these ratios and single amino acids on the risk of type 2 diabetes in two-sample Mendelian randomization studies. Selection of genetic instruments for amino acid traits relied on genome-wide association studies in a representative sub-cohort (up to 2265 participants) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study and public data from genome-wide association studies on single amino acids. For the selected instruments, outcome associations were drawn from the DIAGRAM (DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis, 74,124 cases and 824,006 controls) consortium. Mendelian randomization results indicate an inverse association for a per standard deviation increase in ln-transformed tyrosine/methionine ratio with type 2 diabetes (OR = 0.87 (0.81-0.93)). Multivariable Mendelian randomization revealed inverse association for higher log10-transformed tyrosine levels with type 2 diabetes (OR = 0.19 (0.04-0.88)), independent of other amino acids. Tyrosine might be a causal trait for type 2 diabetes independent of other diabetes-associated amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (R.C.); (C.W.); (M.B.S.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Rafael Cuadrat
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (R.C.); (C.W.); (M.B.S.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Clemens Wittenbecher
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (R.C.); (C.W.); (M.B.S.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Floegel
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
- Institute of Human Genetics, Division of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Centre, University Hospital of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- MDC/BIH Biobank, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (R.C.); (C.W.); (M.B.S.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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11
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Hartmann H, Pauli LK, Janssen LK, Huhn S, Ceglarek U, Horstmann A. Preliminary evidence for an association between intake of high-fat high-sugar diet, variations in peripheral dopamine precursor availability and dopamine-dependent cognition in humans. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12917. [PMID: 33270945 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with alterations in dopaminergic transmission and cognitive function. Rodent studies suggest that diets rich in saturated fat and refined sugars (HFS), as opposed to diets diets low in saturated fat and refined sugars (LFS), change the dopamine system independent of excessive body weight. However, the impact of HFS on the human brain has not been investigated. Here, we compared the effect of dietary dopamine depletion on dopamine-dependent cognitive task performance between two groups differing in habitual intake of dietary fat and sugar. Specifically, we used a double-blind within-subject cross-over design to compare the effect of acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion on a reinforcement learning and a working memory task, in two groups that are on opposite ends of the spectrum of self-reported HFS intake (low vs high intake: LFS vs HFS group). We tested 31 healthy young women matched for body mass index (mostly normal weight to overweight) and IQ. Depletion of peripheral precursors of dopamine reduced the working memory specific performance on the operation span task in the LFS, but not in the HFS group (P = 0.016). Learning from positive- and negative-reinforcement (probabilistic selection task) was increased in both diet groups after dopamine depletion (P = 0.049). As a secondary exploratory research question, we measured peripheral dopamine precursor availability (pDAP) at baseline as an estimate for central dopamine levels. The HFS group had a significantly higher pDAP at baseline compared to the LFS group (P = 0.025). Our data provide the first evidence indicating that the intake of HFS is associated with changes in dopamine precursor availability, which is suggestive of changes in central dopamine levels in humans. The observed associations are present in a sample of normal to overweight participants (ie, in the absence of obesity), suggesting that the consumption of a HFS might already be associated with altered behaviours. Alternatively, the effects of HFS diet and obesity might be independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Hartmann
- Collaborative Research Centre 1052 'Obesity Mechanisms', Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Larissa K Pauli
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lieneke K Janssen
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huhn
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Collaborative Research Centre 1052 'Obesity Mechanisms', Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Sumanszki C, Kovacs K, Karvaly GB, Kiss E, Simon E, Patocs A, Toth M, Komka Z, Reismann P. Metabolic and catecholamine response to sympathetic stimulation in early-treated adult male patients with phenylketonuria. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:395-402. [PMID: 31993977 PMCID: PMC7426284 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Defective function of phenylalanine hydroxylase in phenylketonuria (PKU) results in the accumulation of phenylalanine (Phe) and the reduction of tyrosine (Tyr) in the blood, interfering in the normal development and function of organs and tissues in the body. Tyr is the precursor of catecholamines, secreted in response to stress by the adrenal medulla and paraganglia. The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma catecholamine and amino acid response to an escalating series of sympathetic stress tests in PKU patients. METHODS Twelve males with classical PKU (aged 18-41 years) and ten healthy male controls were included in this study. The subjects were exposed to three different sympathetic stress stimulations: cold pressor, isometric handgrip, and peak treadmill tests to exhaustion. Physiological, metabolic, and hormonal changes were determined. RESULTS Aerobic capacity (VO2max) was significantly lower in the PKU group (p = 0.018); however, relative VO2max was similar in the two groups during the spiroergometric test. No significant differences in norepinephrine or in epinephrine response were found between the two groups during the different stimulation tests. Blood Phe increased significantly in the PKU group compared with controls (p = 0.027) during the spiroergometric test, while Tyr levels remained stable in both groups. CONCLUSION PKU itself might not influence stress-induced catecholamine changes. Only strenuous exercise increased blood Phe levels in PKU subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Sumanszki
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi u. 46, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kovacs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Erika Kiss
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Simon
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patocs
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- “Lendület” Hereditary Endocrine Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklos Toth
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Komka
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Reismann
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi u. 46, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
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13
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Lee J, Lee JY, Meade CS, Cohn M, Chahine A, Dilworth SE, Magidson JF, Gouse H, Fuchs D, Carrico AW. Tryptophan degradation is associated with risk-taking propensity in methamphetamine users with treated HIV infection. J Neurovirol 2020; 26:779-784. [PMID: 32728896 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined neuroimmune pathways that could contribute to impulsivity in people living with HIV who use substances. Eighty-four methamphetamine-using, sexual minority men with an undetectable HIV viral load were administered the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), a behavioral measure of risk-taking propensity. We examined the associations between kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio with BART scores using multiple linear regression. A higher kynurenine/tryptophan ratio was independently associated with greater BART scores (beta = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.05-1.23; p = 0.034). The phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio was not significantly associated with BART scores. Findings support the need for further research to elucidate the neuroimmune mechanisms linking tryptophan degradation with impulsivity to catalyze the development novel pharmacologic treatments for people living with HIV who use methamphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Lee
- Public Health Sciences and Psychology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120NW 14th St. Office 1005, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Public Health Sciences and Psychology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120NW 14th St. Office 1005, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | | | - Michael Cohn
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Chahine
- Public Health Sciences and Psychology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120NW 14th St. Office 1005, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Samantha E Dilworth
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Hetta Gouse
- Unviversity of Cape Town Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Adam W Carrico
- Public Health Sciences and Psychology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120NW 14th St. Office 1005, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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14
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Mizuno Y, Ishikawa T, Ishida J, Kobayashi A, Konakahara Y, Kinoshita A, Hama H, Hokari A, Saruta M. The Molar Ratio of Total Branched-chain Amino Acids to Tyrosine Predicts a Digit Symbol Test Abnormality in Cirrhotic Patients. Intern Med 2020; 59:1695-1704. [PMID: 32296001 PMCID: PMC7434536 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4298-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the association between the digit symbol test (DST) and clinical characteristics, including the nutritional status of liver cirrhosis patients. Methods Fifty-nine cirrhotic patients without a history of overt hepatic encephalopathy were retrospectively evaluated. We examined neuropsychological abnormalities (NPAs) using the DST. We also estimated the detailed nutritional status using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The patients were divided into two groups according to their DST status: patients with normal DST scores (DST-Nor group, n=45) and those with abnormal DST scores (DST-Abn group, n=14). The clinical and nutritional findings of the two groups were compared. Results Overall, 14 (23.7%) patients had a DST abnormality. There were significant differences between the two groups in serum albumin (Alb; p=0.0043), valine (Val; p=0.0016), leucine (Leu; p=0.0078), isoleucine (Ile; p=0.0022), the molar ratio of total branched-chain amino acids to tyrosine (BTR; p=0.00025), total-bilirubin (T-Bil; p=0.0071), prothrombin time (%) (PT; p=0.028), and serum sodium (Na; p=0.035). A multivariate analysis found the BTR to be the only independent predictor of a DST abnormality (hazard ratio, 9.24; p<0.031). An FFQ analysis, revealed that the nutritional findings of patients with and without a DST abnormality, were similar. Conclusion The BTR was useful for predicting the risk of NPAs, as defined by a DST abnormality. The risk of NPAs may be estimated by monitoring the BTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Daisan Hospital, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Ishikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Jinya Ishida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akemi Kobayashi
- Clinical Nutritional Supports, Jikei University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Akiyoshi Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Daisan Hospital, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hama
- Clinical Nutritional Supports, Jikei University Hospital, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hokari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saruta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
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15
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Brunt VE, Gioscia-Ryan RA, Casso AG, VanDongen NS, Ziemba BP, Sapinsley ZJ, Richey JJ, Zigler MC, Neilson AP, Davy KP, Seals DR. Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Promotes Age-Related Vascular Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Mice and Healthy Humans. Hypertension 2020; 76:101-112. [PMID: 32520619 PMCID: PMC7295014 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Age-related vascular endothelial dysfunction is a major antecedent to cardiovascular diseases. We investigated whether increased circulating levels of the gut microbiome-generated metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide induces endothelial dysfunction with aging. In healthy humans, plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide was higher in middle-aged/older (64±7 years) versus young (22±2 years) adults (6.5±0.7 versus 1.6±0.2 µmol/L) and inversely related to brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (r2=0.29, P<0.00001). In young mice, 6 months of dietary supplementation with trimethylamine-N-oxide induced an aging-like impairment in carotid artery endothelium-dependent dilation to acetylcholine versus control feeding (peak dilation: 79±3% versus 95±3%, P<0.01). This impairment was accompanied by increased vascular nitrotyrosine, a marker of oxidative stress, and reversed by the superoxide dismutase mimetic 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl. Trimethylamine-N-oxide supplementation also reduced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and impaired nitric oxide-mediated dilation, as assessed with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). Acute incubation of carotid arteries with trimethylamine-N-oxide recapitulated these events. Next, treatment with 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol for 8 to 10 weeks to suppress trimethylamine-N-oxide selectively improved endothelium-dependent dilation in old mice to young levels (peak: 90±2%) by normalizing vascular superoxide production, restoring nitric oxide-mediated dilation, and ameliorating superoxide-related suppression of endothelium-dependent dilation. Lastly, among healthy middle-aged/older adults, higher plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide was associated with greater nitrotyrosine abundance in biopsied endothelial cells, and infusion of the antioxidant ascorbic acid restored flow-mediated dilation to young levels, indicating tonic oxidative stress-related suppression of endothelial function with higher circulating trimethylamine-N-oxide. Using multiple experimental approaches in mice and humans, we demonstrate a clear role of trimethylamine-N-oxide in promoting age-related endothelial dysfunction via oxidative stress, which may have implications for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vienna E. Brunt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | | | - Abigail G. Casso
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | | | - Brian P. Ziemba
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Zachary J. Sapinsley
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - James J. Richey
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Melanie C. Zigler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Andrew P. Neilson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Kevin P. Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Douglas R. Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
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16
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Leskanicova A, Chovancova O, Babincak M, Verboova L, Benetinova Z, Macekova D, Kostolny J, Smajda B, Kiskova T. Sexual Dimorphism in Energy Metabolism of Wistar Rats Using Data Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102353. [PMID: 32443550 PMCID: PMC7287681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of some chronic diseases, such as cancer or neurodegenerative disorders, differs between sexes. Animal models provide an important tool to adopt potential therapies from preclinical studies to humans. Laboratory rats are the most popular animals in toxicology, neurobehavioral, or cancer research. Our study aimed to reveal the basic differences in blood metabolome (amino acids, biogenic amines, and acylcarnitines) of the adult male (n = 10) and female (n = 10) Wistar rats. Partial least square-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) and a variance im portance in projection (VIP) score was used to identify the key sex-specific metabolites. All groups of metabolites, as the main markers of energy metabolism, showed a significant sex-dependent pattern. The most important features calculated in PLS-DA according to VIP score were free carnitine (C0), tyrosine (Tyr), and acylcarnitine C5-OH. While aromatic amino acids, such as Tyr and phenylalanine (Phe), were significantly elevated in the blood plasma of males, tryptophan (Trp) was found in higher levels in the blood plasma of females. Besides, significant sex-related changes in urea cycle were found. Our study provides an important insight into sex-specific differences in energy metabolism in rats and indicates that further studies should consider sex as the main aspect in design and data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leskanicova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Olga Chovancova
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Management Sciences and Informatics, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (O.C.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Marian Babincak
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Ludmila Verboova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (L.V.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zuzana Benetinova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (L.V.); (Z.B.)
| | - Denisa Macekova
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Management Sciences and Informatics, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (O.C.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Jozef Kostolny
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Management Sciences and Informatics, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (O.C.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Benadik Smajda
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (T.K.); Tel.: +421-55-234-1216 (T.K.); Fax: +421-55-622-2124 (T.K.)
| | - Terezia Kiskova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (T.K.); Tel.: +421-55-234-1216 (T.K.); Fax: +421-55-622-2124 (T.K.)
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17
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Brennenstuhl H, Kohlmüller D, Gramer G, Garbade SF, Syrbe S, Feyh P, Kölker S, Okun JG, Hoffmann GF, Opladen T. High throughput newborn screening for aromatic ʟ-amino-acid decarboxylase deficiency by analysis of concentrations of 3-O-methyldopa from dried blood spots. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:602-610. [PMID: 31849064 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic l-amino-acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is an inherited disorder of biogenic amine metabolism with a broad neurological phenotype. The clinical symptoms overlap with other diseases resulting in an often delayed diagnosis. Innovative disease-changing treatment options, particularly gene therapy, have emphasised the need for an early diagnosis. We describe the first method for 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) analysis in dried blood spots (DBS) suitable for high throughput newborn screening (NBS). We established a novel tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify 3-OMD in DBS and successfully tested it in 38 888 unaffected newborns, 14 heterozygous DDC variant carriers, seven known AADC deficient patients, and 1079 healthy control subjects. 3-OMD concentrations in 38 888 healthy newborns revealed a mean of 1.16 μmol/L (SD = 0.31, range 0.31-4.6 μmol/L). 1079 non-AADC control subjects (0-18 years) showed a mean 3-OMD concentration of 0.78 μmol/L (SD = 1.75, range 0.24-2.36 μmol/L) with a negative correlation with age. Inter- and intra-assay variability was low, and 3-OMD was stable over 32 days under different storage conditions. We identified seven confirmed AADC deficient patients (mean 3-OMD 9.88 μmol/L [SD = 13.42, range 1.82-36.93 μmol/L]). The highest concentration of 3-OMD was found in a NBS filter card of a confirmed AADC deficient patient with a mean 3-OMD of 35.95 μmol/L. 14 DDC variant carriers showed normal 3-OMD concentrations. We demonstrate a novel high-throughput method to measure 3-OMD in DBS, which allows integration in existing NBS programs enabling early diagnosis of AADC deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Brennenstuhl
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Kohlmüller
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gwendolyn Gramer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven F Garbade
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Syrbe
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrik Feyh
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen G Okun
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Opladen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Zhao D, Tian Y, Li X, Ni M, Zhu X, Jia L. Variant analysis of HPD genes from two families showing elevated tyrosine upon newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:563-567. [PMID: 32109208 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Alterations in the structure and activity of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) are causally related to two different metabolic disorders: recessively inherited tyrosinemia type III and dominantly inherited hawkinsinuria. The aim of this study was to provide a new perspective for the clinical understanding of the pathogenesis of tyrosinemia type III or hawkinsinuria. Case presentation A full-term newborn baby born after a safe pregnancy and childbirth with a birth weight of 3200 g and another full-term baby born after a safe pregnancy and childbirth with a birth weight of 2800 g are reported and analysed. DNA extraction, next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, Sanger sequencing and biochemical analysis were performed. One patient with a heterozygous HPD gene (NM_002150.2) c.460G > A mutation and one patient with a heterozygous HPD gene (NM_002150.2) c.248delG mutation showing elevated tyrosine levels upon newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) are reported. Conclusions The HPD gene may not be a strictly autosomal recessive pathogenic gene, which provides a new perspective for the clinical understanding of the pathogenesis of tyrosinemia type III or hawkinsinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Zhao
- Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaole Li
- Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Ni
- Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyun Zhu
- Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liting Jia
- Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450052, China, E-mail:
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Yilmaz O, Daly A, Pinto A, Ashmore C, Evans S, Gupte G, Santra S, Preece MA, Mckiernan P, Kitchen S, Yabanci Ayhan N, MacDonald A. Natural Protein Tolerance and Metabolic Control in Patients with Hereditary Tyrosinaemia Type 1. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1148. [PMID: 32325917 PMCID: PMC7230348 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In a longitudinal retrospective study, we aimed to assess natural protein (NP) tolerance and metabolic control in a cohort of 20 Hereditary Tyrosinaemia type I (HTI) patients. Their median age was 12 years ([3.2-17.7 years], n = 11 female, n = 8 Caucasian, n = 8 Asian origin, n = 2 Arabic and n = 2 Indian). All were on nitisinone (NTBC) with a median dose of 0.7 g/kg/day (range 0.4-1.5 g/kg/day) and were prescribed a tyrosine (Tyr)/phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet supplemented with Tyr/Phe-free L-amino acids. Data were collected on clinical signs at presentation, medical history, annual dietary prescriptions, and blood Phe and Tyr levels from diagnosis until transition to the adult service (aged 16-18 years) or liver transplantation (if it preceded transition). The median age of diagnosis was 2 months (range: 0 to 24 months), with n = 1 diagnosed by newborn screening, n = 3 following phenylketonuria (PKU) screening and n = 7 by sibling screening. Five patients were transplanted (median age 6.3 years), and one died due to liver cancer. The median follow-up was 10 years (3-16 years), and daily prescribed NP intake increased from a median of 5 to 24 g/day. Lifetime median blood Tyr (370 µmol/L, range 280-420 µmol/L) and Phe (50 µmol/L, 45-70 µmol/L) were maintained within the target recommended ranges. This cohort of HTI patients were able to increase the daily NP intake with age while maintaining good metabolic control. Extra NP may improve lifelong adherence to the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Yilmaz
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (O.Y.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (G.G.); (S.S.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06760 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anne Daly
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (O.Y.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (G.G.); (S.S.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Alex Pinto
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (O.Y.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (G.G.); (S.S.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Catherine Ashmore
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (O.Y.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (G.G.); (S.S.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Sharon Evans
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (O.Y.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (G.G.); (S.S.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Girish Gupte
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (O.Y.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (G.G.); (S.S.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Saikat Santra
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (O.Y.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (G.G.); (S.S.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Mary Anne Preece
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (O.Y.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (G.G.); (S.S.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Patrick Mckiernan
- Gastroenterology/ Hepatic/Nutrition, UPMC, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, PA 15224, USA;
| | - Steve Kitchen
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (O.Y.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (G.G.); (S.S.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.)
| | | | - Anita MacDonald
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (O.Y.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (G.G.); (S.S.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.)
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20
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Marcos A, Moreno M, Orihuel J, Ucha M, Mª de Paz A, Higuera-Matas A, Capellán R, Crego AL, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Ambrosio E, Anadón A. The effects of combined intravenous cocaine and ethanol self-administration on the behavioral and amino acid profile of young adult rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227044. [PMID: 32203565 PMCID: PMC7089423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Under paradigms of combined intravenous cocaine and ethanol self-administration, the effects on behavior have been poorly explored. Numerous studies have found sex differences in amino acids profile and behavioral responses to each drug, yet few have focused on the interactions between cocaine and ethanol. The main objective of this work was to explore the acquisition and maintenance of intravenous self-administration behavior with a combination of cocaine and ethanol in male and female young adult rats. Likewise, the amino acids profile in blood plasma was quantified 48 hours after the last self-administration session. Male and female 52 days old Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: i) saline control, ii) cocaine (1 mg/kg bodyweight/injection) and iii) cocaine and ethanol (1 mg + 133 mg/kg bodyweight/ injection). After 24 self-administration sessions carried out on a fixed-ratio-1 schedule, with a limit of 15 doses per session, 14 plasma amino acids were quantified by mean Capillary Electrophoresis technique. The curve of cocaine and ethanol combined self-administration was similar to that associated with cocaine administration alone, with females acquiring self-administration criterion before males. The self-administration of cocaine and ethanol altered the plasma concentration and relative ratios of the amino acid L-Tyrosine. In our intravenous self-administration model, females appeared more vulnerable to acquire abusive consumption of the cocaine and ethanol combination, which altered plasma L-Tyrosine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Marcos
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Moreno
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Orihuel
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Ucha
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Mª de Paz
- Departamento de Psicología Básica I, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Higuera-Matas
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Capellán
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio L. Crego
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Rigamonti AE, Leoncini R, De Col A, Tamini S, Cicolini S, Abbruzzese L, Cella SG, Sartorio A. The Appetite-Suppressant and GLP-1-Stimulating Effects of Whey Proteins in Obese Subjects are Associated with Increased Circulating Levels of Specific Amino Acids. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030775. [PMID: 32183423 PMCID: PMC7146343 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The satiating effect of whey proteins depends upon their unique amino acid composition because there is no difference when comparing whey proteins or a mix of amino acids mimicking the amino acid composition of whey proteins. The specific amino acids underlying the satiating effect of whey proteins have not been investigated to date. AIMS AND METHODS The aim of the present study was to evaluate the appetite-suppressant effect of an isocaloric drink containing whey proteins or maltodextrins on appetite (satiety/hunger measured by a visual analogue scale or VAS), anorexigenic gastrointestinal peptides (circulating levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)) and amino acids (circulating levels of single, total [TAA] and branched-chain amino acids [BCAA]) in a cohort of obese female subjects (n = 8; age: 18.4 ± 3.1 years; body mass index, BMI: 39.2 ± 4.6 kg/m2). RESULTS Each drink significantly increased satiety and decreased hunger, the effects being more evident with whey proteins than maltodextrins. Similarly, circulating levels of GLP-1, PYY and amino acids (TAA, BCAA and alanine, arginine, asparagine, citrulline, glutamine, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine) were significantly higher with whey proteins than maltodextrins. In subjects administered whey proteins (but not maltodextrins), isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, and valine were significantly correlated with hunger (negatively), satiety, and GLP-1 (positively). CONCLUSIONS Eight specific amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, and valine) were implicated in the appetite-suppressant and GLP-1-stimulating effects of whey proteins, which may be mediated by their binding with nutrient-sensing receptors expressed by L cells within the gastrointestinal wall. The long-term satiating effect of whey proteins and the effectiveness of a supplementation with these amino acids (i.e., as a nutraceutical intervention) administered during body weight reduction programs need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello E. Rigamonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-503-17013; Fax: +39-02-503-17011
| | - Roberto Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Alessandra De Col
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Sofia Tamini
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Sabrina Cicolini
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Laura Abbruzzese
- Division of Auxology and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy;
| | - Silvano G. Cella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
- Division of Auxology and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy;
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22
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Avadhanula S, Introne WJ, Auh S, Soldin SJ, Stolze B, Regier D, Ciccone C, Hannah-Shmouni F, Filie AC, Burman KD, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J. Assessment of Thyroid Function in Patients With Alkaptonuria. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e201357. [PMID: 32202644 PMCID: PMC7090965 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Alkaptonuria is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the HGD gene. Deficiency of the HGD enzyme leads to tissue deposition of homogentisic acid (HGA), causing severe osteoarthropathies and cardiac valve degeneration. Although HGD is vital for the catabolism of tyrosine, which provides the basis for thyroid hormone synthesis, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in alkaptonuria is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess thyroid structure and function in patients with alkaptonuria. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A single-center cohort study was conducted in a tertiary referral center including patients with alkaptonuria followed up for a median of 93 (interquartile range, 48-150) months between February 1, 2000, and December 31, 2018. The alkaptonuria diagnosis was based on clinical presentation and elevated urine HGA levels. A total of 130 patients were considered for participation. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in adults with alkaptonuria compared with the general population. Thyrotropin and free thyroxine levels were measured by immunoassay and repeated in each patient a median of 3 (interquartile range, 2-22) times. Neck ultrasonographic scans were analyzed in a subset of participants. Logistic regression was used to test the association of thyroid dysfunction with age, sex, thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies, serum tyrosine levels, and urine HGA levels. RESULTS Of the 130 patients, 5 were excluded owing to thyroidectomy as the cause of hypothyroidism. The study cohort consisted of 125 patients; the median age was 45 (interquartile range, 35-51) years. Most of the patients were men (72 [57.6%]). The prevalence of primary hyperthyroidism was 0.8% (1 of 125 patients), similar to 0.5% observed in the general population (difference, 0.003; 95% CI, -0.001 to 0.04; P = .88). The prevalence of primary hypothyroidism was 16.0% (20 of 125 patients), which is significantly higher than 3.7% reported in the general population (difference, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.10-0.24; P < .001). Women were more likely to have primary hypothyroidism than men (odds ratio, 10.99; 95% CI, 3.13-38.66; P < .001). Patients with TPO antibodies had a higher likelihood of primary hypothyroidism than those without TPO antibodies (odds ratio, 7.36; 95% CI, 1.89-28.62; P = .004). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of thyroid nodules between patients in this study (29 of 49 [59.2%]) vs the general population (68%) (difference, 0.088; 95% CI, -0.44 to 0.73; P = .20) or of cancer (7% vs 5%; difference, 0.01; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.17; P = .86). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The high prevalence of primary hypothyroidism noted in patients with alkaptonuria in this study suggests that serial screening in this population should be considered and prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirisha Avadhanula
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wendy J. Introne
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sungyoung Auh
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven J. Soldin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brian Stolze
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Debra Regier
- Children’s National Rare Disease Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Carla Ciccone
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fady Hannah-Shmouni
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Armando C. Filie
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth D. Burman
- Endocrine Section, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Puttabyatappa M, Banker M, Zeng L, Goodrich JM, Domino SE, Dolinoy DC, Meeker JD, Pennathur S, Song PXK, Padmanabhan V. Maternal Exposure to Environmental Disruptors and Sexually Dimorphic Changes in Maternal and Neonatal Oxidative Stress. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5588078. [PMID: 31613966 PMCID: PMC7046018 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Early pregnancy exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may contribute to poor birth outcomes through oxidative stress (OS)-mediated disruption of the maternal and fetal milieu. Most studies have investigated the effect of single EDC exposures on OS. OBJECTIVE Assess the association of uniquely weighted mixtures of early pregnancy exposures with the maternal and neonatal OS markers. DESIGN Prospective analysis of mother-infant dyads. SETTING University hospital. PARTICIPANTS 56 mother-infant dyads. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The association of OS markers (nitrotyrosine, dityrosine, chlorotyrosine) in maternal first trimester and term, and cord blood plasma with maternal first trimester exposure levels of each of 41 toxicants (trace elements, metals, phenols, and phthalates) from 56 subjects was analyzed using Spearman correlations and linear regression. The association of OS markers with inflammatory cytokines and birth outcomes were analyzed by Spearman correlation and linear regression analysis, respectively. Weighted mixtures of early pregnancy exposures were created by principal component analysis and offspring sex-dependent and independent associations with oxidative stress markers were assessed. RESULTS (1) An inverse relationship between levels of maternal/cord OS markers and individual EDCs was evident. In contrast, when assessed as EDC mixtures, both direct and inverse associations were evident in a sex-specific manner; (2) the maternal term OS marker, nitrotyrosine, was inversely associated with gestational age, and (3) both direct and inverse associations were evident between the 3 OS markers and individual cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Provides proof of concept that effects of exposures on OS varies when assessed as EDC mixtures versus individually.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lixia Zeng
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven E Domino
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John D Meeker
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Peter X K Song
- Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Vasantha Padmanabhan, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 7510 MSRB 1, 1500 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. E-mail:
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Abstract
Aim: We aimed to identify metabolic characteristics of early-stage heart failure (HF) and related biomarkers. Patients & methods: One hundred and forty-three patients with New York Heart Association class I-IV HF and 34 healthy controls were recruited. Serum metabolic characteristics of class I HF were analyzed and compared with those of class II-IV HF. Potential biomarkers of class I HF with normal N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level were screened and validated in additional 72 subjects (46 class I patients and 26 controls). Results & conclusion: Eleven metabolites were found disturbed in class I HF, and five of which were also disturbed in class II-IV HF. Glutamine and tyrosine showed high value to identify class I HF with normal NT-proBNP level. The diagnostic potential of glutamine was partially confirmed in the validate set, holding a promise to detect early HF with normal NT-proBNP level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Danya Zhou
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Minchao Lai
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yirun Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Dezhi Xie
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | | | - Dian Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Kapustin R, Chepanov S, Kopteeva E, Arzhanova O. Maternal serum nitrotyrosine, 8-isoprostane and total antioxidant capacity levels in pre-gestational or gestational diabetes mellitus. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:36-42. [PMID: 33305672 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1816727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate serum concentration of 8-isoprostane, nitrotyrosine (NT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (DM) considering preconception planning and method of diabetes correction in 11-14 and 30-34 weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 130 women: T1DM (n = 40), T2DM (n = 35), gestational diabetes (GDM, n = 40) and the control group (n = 15). The serum concentrations of NT, 8-isoprostane, and TAC were measured by ELISA methods. RESULTS Elevated 8-isoprostane levels were observed in all patients with DM, but this biomarker's maximum values have been seen in T1DM and T2DM on insulin groups. A similar tendency was observed for the concentration of NT in both the 1st and 3rd trimesters. TAC levels showed a statistically relevant decrease in all DM groups compared to the control. The correlation analysis showed a direct correlation between HbA1c and serum 8-isoprostane levels in the 1st (r = .27) and 3rd (r = .3) pregnancy trimesters as well as inverse correlation with TAC level (r = -.48). Direct (NT, 8-isoprostane) and inverse correlations (TAC) were fixated for this biomarker concentration and preeclampsia rates. CONCLUSION DM in pregnancy is related to oxidative stress activation, which might lead to the development of adverse perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kapustin
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Chepanov
- Department of Immunology and Intercellular interactions, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Kopteeva
- Department of Immunology and Intercellular interactions, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Arzhanova
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Kochlik B, Stuetz W, Pérès K, Pilleron S, Féart C, García García FJ, Bandinelli S, Gomez‐Cabrero D, Rodriguez‐Mañas L, Grune T, Weber D. Associations of fat-soluble micronutrients and redox biomarkers with frailty status in the FRAILOMIC initiative. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:1339-1346. [PMID: 31436047 PMCID: PMC6903435 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A poor fat-soluble micronutrient (FMN) and a high oxidative stress status are associated with frailty. Our aim was to determine the cross-sectional association of FMNs and oxidative stress biomarkers [protein carbonyls (PrCarb) and 3-nitrotyrosine] with the frailty status in participants older than 65 years. METHODS Plasma levels of vitamins A (retinol), D3 , E (α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol) and carotenoids (α-carotene and β-carotene, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin), PrCarb, and 3-nitrotyrosine were measured in 1450 individuals of the FRAILOMIC initiative. Participants were classified into robust, pre-frail, and frail using Fried's frailty criteria. Associations between biomarkers and frailty status were assessed by general linear and logistic regression models, both adjusted for cohort, season of blood sampling, gender, age, height, weight, and smoking. RESULTS Robust participants had significantly higher vitamin D3 and lutein/zeaxanthin concentrations than pre-frail and frail subjects; had significantly higher γ-tocopherol, α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, and β-cryptoxanthin concentrations than frail subjects, and had significantly lower PrCarb concentrations than frail participants in multivariate linear models. Frail subjects were more likely to be in the lowest than in the highest tertile for vitamin D3 (adjusted odds ratio: 2.15; 95% confidence interval: 1.42-3.26), α-tocopherol (2.12; 1.39-3.24), α-carotene (1.69; 1.00-2.88), β-carotene (1.84; 1.13-2.99), lycopene (1.94; 1.24-3.05), lutein/zeaxanthin (3.60; 2.34-5.53), and β-cryptoxanthin (3.02; 1.95-4.69) and were more likely to be in the highest than in the lowest tertile for PrCarb (2.86; 1.82-4.49) than robust subjects in multivariate regression models. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that both low FMN and high PrCarb concentrations are associated with pre-frailty and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Kochlik
- Department of Molecular ToxicologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐Rehbruecke (DIfE)NuthetalGermany
- NutriAct‐Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin‐PotsdamNuthetalGermany
| | - Wolfgang Stuetz
- Department of Biological Chemistry and NutritionUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Karine Pérès
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Sophie Pilleron
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Catherine Féart
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | | | | | | | | | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular ToxicologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐Rehbruecke (DIfE)NuthetalGermany
- NutriAct‐Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin‐PotsdamNuthetalGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)Munich‐NeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)BerlinGermany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular ToxicologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐Rehbruecke (DIfE)NuthetalGermany
- NutriAct‐Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin‐PotsdamNuthetalGermany
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van Ginkel WG, van Reemst HE, Kienstra NS, Daly A, Rodenburg IL, MacDonald A, Burgerhof JG, de Blaauw P, van de Krogt J, Santra S, Heiner-Fokkema MR, van Spronsen FJ. The Effect of Various Doses of Phenylalanine Supplementation on Blood Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Concentrations in Tyrosinemia Type 1 Patients. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112816. [PMID: 31752110 PMCID: PMC6893509 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type 1 (TT1) treatment with 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluormethyl-benzyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC) and a phenylalanine-tyrosine restricted diet is associated with low phenylalanine concentrations. Phenylalanine supplementation is prescribed without comprehensive consideration about its effect on metabolic control. We investigated the effect of phenylalanine supplementation on bloodspot phenylalanine, tyrosine, NTBC and succinylacetone. Eleven TT1 patients received 0, 20 and 40 mg/kg/day phenylalanine supplementation with the phenylalanine-tyrosine free L-amino acid supplements. Bloodspots were collected before breakfast, midday and evening meal. Differences between study periods, sample times and days within a study period were studied using (generalized) linear mixed model analyses. Twenty and 40 mg/kg/day phenylalanine supplementation prevented daytime phenylalanine decreases (p = 0.05) and most low phenylalanine concentrations, while tyrosine concentrations increased (p < 0.001). Furthermore, NTBC and succinylacetone concentrations did not differ between study periods. To conclude, 20 mg/kg/day phenylalanine supplementation can prevent most low phenylalanine concentrations without increasing tyrosine to concentrations above the target range or influencing NTBC and succinylacetone concentrations, while 40 mg/kg/day increased tyrosine concentrations to values above the targeted range. Additionally, this study showed that the effect of phenylalanine supplementation, and a possible phenylalanine deficiency, should be assessed using pre-midday meal blood samples that could be combined with an overnight fasted sample when in doubt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem G. van Ginkel
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (W.G.v.G.); (H.E.v.R.); (N.S.K.)
| | - Hannah E. van Reemst
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (W.G.v.G.); (H.E.v.R.); (N.S.K.)
| | - Nienke S. Kienstra
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (W.G.v.G.); (H.E.v.R.); (N.S.K.)
| | - Anne Daly
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (A.D.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Iris L. Rodenburg
- Department of Dietetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Anita MacDonald
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (A.D.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Johannes G.M. Burgerhof
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Pim de Blaauw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.d.B.); (J.v.d.K.); (M.R.H.-F.)
| | - Jennifer van de Krogt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.d.B.); (J.v.d.K.); (M.R.H.-F.)
| | - Saikat Santra
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (A.D.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - M. Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.d.B.); (J.v.d.K.); (M.R.H.-F.)
| | - Francjan J. van Spronsen
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (W.G.v.G.); (H.E.v.R.); (N.S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)361-4147
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Sloboda N, Wiedemann A, Merten M, Alqahtani A, Jeannesson E, Blum A, Henn-Ménétré S, Guéant JL, Renard E, Feillet F. Efficacy of low dose nitisinone in the management of alkaptonuria. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 127:184-190. [PMID: 31235217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the efficacy of low dosage of nitisinone in alkaptonuria. BACKGROUND Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare genetic disease which induces deposition of homogentisic acid (HGA) in connective inducing premature arthritis, lithiasis, cardiac valve disease, fractures, muscle and tendon ruptures and osteopenia. Recent studies showed that nitisinone decreases HGA and is a beneficial therapy in AKU. This treatment induces an increase in tyrosine levels which can induces adverse effects as keratopathy. METHODS We described the evolution HGA excretion and tyrosine evolution in 3 AKU patients treated by very low dosage of nitisinone with regards to their daily protein intakes. We also described the first pregnancy in an AKU patient treated by nitisinone. RESULTS We found mild clinical signs of alkaptonuria on vertebra MRI in two young adults and homogentisate deposition in teeth of a 5 years old girl. Very low dose of nitisinone (10% of present recommended dose: 0.2 mg/day) allowed to decrease homogentisic acid by >90% without increasing tyrosine levels above 500 μmol/ in these three patients. INTERPRETATIONS The analysis of the follow-up data shows that, in our three patients, a low-dosage of nitisinone is sufficient to decrease urinary HGA without increasing plasma tyrosine levels above the threshold of 500 μmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Sloboda
- Pediatric Unit, Reference center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism of Nancy, University Children's Hospital, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Arnaud Wiedemann
- Pediatric Unit, Reference center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism of Nancy, University Children's Hospital, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France; INSERM UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine and University Regional Hospital Center of Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54000, France
| | - Marc Merten
- INSERM UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine and University Regional Hospital Center of Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54000, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory (Nutrition, Metabolism), CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Amerh Alqahtani
- Pediatric Unit, Reference center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism of Nancy, University Children's Hospital, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Elise Jeannesson
- INSERM UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine and University Regional Hospital Center of Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54000, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory (Nutrition, Metabolism), CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Alain Blum
- Pediatric Unit, Reference center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism of Nancy, University Children's Hospital, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France; Radiology Unit Guilloz, University Hospital, Hôpital Central, Nancy, France
| | - Sophie Henn-Ménétré
- Pediatric Unit, Reference center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism of Nancy, University Children's Hospital, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France; Pharmacy Unit, University Hospital, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Louis Guéant
- INSERM UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine and University Regional Hospital Center of Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54000, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory (Nutrition, Metabolism), CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Emeline Renard
- Pediatric Unit, Reference center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism of Nancy, University Children's Hospital, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France; INSERM UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine and University Regional Hospital Center of Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54000, France
| | - François Feillet
- Pediatric Unit, Reference center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism of Nancy, University Children's Hospital, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France; INSERM UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine and University Regional Hospital Center of Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54000, France.
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Li J, Cao Y, Sun X, Han L, Li S, Gu W, Song M, Jiang C, Yang X, Fang Z. Plasma tyrosine and its interaction with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:491-498. [PMID: 29999591 PMCID: PMC6400201 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Metabolomic markers have the potential to improve the predicting accuracy of existing risk scores for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to test the associations between plasma tyrosine and type 2 diabetes mellitus with special attention to identifying possible cut-off points for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and its interactive effects with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and/or high triglyceride for type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS From 27 May 2015 to 3 August 2016, we retrieved the medical notes of 1,898 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as the cases, and 1,522 individuals without diabetes as the controls who attended annual medical checkups from the same tertiary care center in Jinzhou, China. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic spline analysis nested in the logistic regression analysis was used to identify possible cut-off points of tyrosine for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The additive interaction was used to estimate interactions between high tyrosine and low HDL-C in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. RESULTS The OR of tyrosine for type 2 diabetes mellitus did not increase until 46 μmol/L and after that point, the OR rapidly rose with increasing tyrosine in a nearly linear manner. If 46 μmol/L was used to define high tyrosine, high tyrosine was associated with an increased OR of type 2 diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.44-2.45). The presence of low HDL-C greatly enhanced the ORs of tyrosine for type 2 diabetes mellitus from 1.11 (95% CI 0.82-1.51) to 54.11 (95% CI 33.96-86.22) with significant additive interaction. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese adults, tyrosine >46 μmol/L was associated with increased odds of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which was contingent on low HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yun‐Feng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM)JinzhouLiaoningChina
| | - Xiao‐Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM)JinzhouLiaoningChina
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Sai‐Nan Li
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Wen‐Qing Gu
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Min Song
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Chang‐tao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular ScienceMinistry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xilin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhong‐ze Fang
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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Daly A, Evans S, Chahal S, Santra S, Pinto A, Gingell C, Rocha JC, van Spronsen F, Jackson R, MacDonald A. The Effect of Glycomacropeptide versus Amino Acids on Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Variability over 24 Hours in Children with PKU: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030520. [PMID: 30823411 PMCID: PMC6471794 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In phenylketonuria (PKU), evidence suggests that casein glycomacropeptide supplemented with rate-limiting amino acids (CGMP-AA) is associated with better protein utilisation and less blood phenylalanine (Phe) variability. Aim: To study the impact of CGMP-AA on blood Phe variability using 3 different dietary regimens in children with PKU. Methods: This was a 6-week randomised controlled cross-over study comparing CGMP-AA vs. Phe-free l-amino acids (l-AA) assessing blood Phe and tyrosine (Tyr) variability over 24 h in 19 children (7 boys) with PKU, with a median age of 10 years (6–16). Subjects were randomised to 3 dietary regimens: (1) R1, CGMP-AA and usual dietary Phe (CGMP + Phe); (2) R2, CGMP-AA − Phe content of CGMP-AA from usual diet (CGMP − Phe); and (3) R3, l-AA and usual dietary Phe. Each regimen was administered for 14 days. Over the last 48 h on days 13 and 14, blood spots were collected every 4 h at 08 h, 12 h, 16 h, 20 h, 24 h, and 04 h. Isocaloric intake and the same meal plan and protein substitute dosage at standardised times were maintained when blood spots were collected. Results: Eighteen children completed the study. Median Phe concentrations over 24 h for each group were (range) R1, 290 (30–580), R2, 220 (10–670), R3, 165 (10–640) μmol/L. R1 vs. R2 and R1 vs. R3 p < 0.0001; R2 vs. R3 p = 0.0009. There was a significant difference in median Phe at each time point between R1 vs. R2, p = 0.0027 and R1 vs. R3, p < 0.0001, but not between any time points for R2 vs. R3. Tyr was significantly higher in both R1 and R2 [70 (20–240 μmol/L] compared to R3 [60 (10–200) μmol/L]. In children < 12 years, blood Phe remained in the target range (120–360 μmol/L), over 24 h, for 75% of the time in R1, 72% in R2 and 64% in R3; for children aged ≥ 12 years, blood Phe was in target range (120–600 μmol/L) in R1 and R2 for 100% of the time, but 64% in R3. Conclusions: The residual Phe in CGMP-AA increased blood Phe concentration in children. CGMP-AA appears to give less blood Phe variability compared to l-AA, but this effect may be masked by the increased blood Phe concentrations associated with its Phe contribution. Reducing dietary Phe intake to compensate for CGMP-AA Phe content may help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Daly
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6 NH, UK.
| | - Sharon Evans
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6 NH, UK.
| | - Satnam Chahal
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6 NH, UK.
| | - Saikat Santra
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6 NH, UK.
| | - Alex Pinto
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6 NH, UK.
| | - Cerys Gingell
- Nottingham Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Júlio César Rocha
- Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP), 4099-028 Porto, Portugal.
- Centro de Referência na área de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto-CHUP, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal.
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Francjan van Spronsen
- Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre of Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Anita MacDonald
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6 NH, UK.
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Feng DQ, Liu G, Ma G, Nan Z, Wang W. Phosphodiesters quaternary ammonium nanoparticles as label-free light scattering probe for turn-off detection of tyrosine. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 208:1-6. [PMID: 30278308 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, a new highly sensitive and selective sensor of the determination of tyrosine has been proposed based on the downturn effect of light scattering (LS) using phosphodiesters quaternary ammonium nanoparticles (PQANPs). Phosphodiesters quaternary ammonium (PQA), one of Gemini zwitterionic surfactants, self-aggregated into the micelle named as PQANPs, which generated strong LS signal in aqueous solution under the optimum condition. Interestingly, the powerful LS intensity of PQANPs with the maximum peak located at 391 nm significantly decreased after introducing trace amount of tyrosine. The decreased value of the LS intensity of the PQA-tyrosine system (ΔILS) was in proportion to tyrosine concentration in the ranges from 5.5 × 10-8 mol/L to 4.68 × 10-6 mol/L, with a detection limit of 1.38 × 10-8 mol/L. Based on this decreased LS situation, the novel approach of the determination of tyrosine was first developed. The reaction mechanism for the interaction between PQANPs and tyrosine was also investigated. Moreover, the proposed LS assay was applied to the detection of tyrosine concentration in human serum and urine samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Qian Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China; Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China; Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
| | - Gangpo Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Zhe Nan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
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Schmedes M, Bendtsen LQ, Gomes S, Liaset B, Holst JJ, Ritz C, Reitelseder S, Sjödin A, Astrup A, Young JF, Sundekilde UK, Bertram HC. The effect of casein, hydrolyzed casein, and whey proteins on urinary and postprandial plasma metabolites in overweight and moderately obese human subjects. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:5598-5605. [PMID: 29696654 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Casein and whey proteins differ in amino acid composition and absorption rate; however, the absorption rate of casein can be increased to mimic that of whey proteins by exogenous hydrolysis. In view of these compositional differences, we studied the metabolic responses to intake of casein, hydrolyzed casein, and whey proteins in overweight and moderately obese men and women by investigating select urinary and blood plasma metabolites. RESULTS A total of 21 urinary and 23 plasma metabolites were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The postprandial plasma metabolites revealed a significant diet-time interaction for isoleucine (P = 0.001) and tyrosine (P = 0.001). The level of isoleucine and tyrosine peaked 90 min postprandially with a 1.4-fold difference following intake of whey proteins compared with either casein or hydrolyzed casein. A 1.2-fold higher urinary level of lactate was observed after intake of whey proteins compared with intake of intact casein (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The plasma metabolites revealed different amino acid profiles reflecting the amino acid composition of casein and whey proteins. Furthermore, the results support that casein hydrolysates neither affect the postprandial amino acid absorption rate nor the amino acid level compared with that of intact casein. The urinary lactate increases following whey protein intake might indicate a higher metabolism of glucogenic amino acids. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Schmedes
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarslev, Denmark
| | - Line Q Bendtsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Gomes
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- Department of Seafood in Model Systems, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Reitelseder
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette F Young
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarslev, Denmark
| | | | - Hanne C Bertram
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarslev, Denmark
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Nassef HM, Hagar M, Othman AM. Effect of GO nanosheets on spectrophotometric determination of tyrosine in urine and serum using nitrosonaphthol. Anal Biochem 2018; 558:12-18. [PMID: 30076789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Here, we aimed to use graphene oxide to improve the selectivity and sensitivity of Tyr determination via the reaction with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol as a selective reagent of Tyr. The reaction between Tyr and 1-nitroso-2-naphthol in absence and presence of GO was studied spectrophotometrically. Different parameters such as concentrations, temperature, incubation time were optimized. The obtained data showed that the maximum absorbance was achieved by using 2 mL of 0.03% 1-nitroso-2-naphthol at temperature 60 °C for 10 min. On the basis of calibration curve of various concentrations of Tyr in the presence of 20 μg mL-1 GO, the limit of detection was 6.4 × 10-6 M (1.15 μg mL-1), where in absence of GO was 1.1 × 10-5 M (19.9 μg mL-1). The selectivity of Tyr in presence of other amino acids and phenols was studied with and without GO. The data obtained revealed that the selectivity of Tyr in presence of GO with respect to some amino acids and phenols was improved. The proposed method has been applied for the determination of Tyr in urine and serum samples. Therefore, GO is a powerful catalytic surface for the sensitive and selective determination of Try in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam M Nassef
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science at Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu 46423, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Hagar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science at Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu 46423, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 23132, Egypt.
| | - Abdelhameed M Othman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science at Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu 46423, Saudi Arabia; Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt.
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Davison AS, Harrold JA, Hughes G, Norman BP, Devine J, Usher J, Hughes AT, Khedr M, Gallagher JA, Milan AM, J C G H, Ranganath LR. Clinical and biochemical assessment of depressive symptoms in patients with Alkaptonuria before and after two years of treatment with nitisinone. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 125:135-143. [PMID: 30049652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Concerns exist over hypertyrosinaemia that is observed following treatment with nitisinone. It has been suggested that tyrosine may compete with tryptophan for uptake into the central nervous system, and or inhibit tryptophan hydroxylase activity reducing serotonin production. At the National Alkaptonuria (AKU) Centre nitisinone is being used off-licence to treat AKU, and there is uncertainty over whether hypertyrosinaemia may alter mood. Herein results from clinical and biochemical assessments of depression in patients with AKU before and after treatment with nitisinone are presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS 63 patients were included pre-nitisinone treatment, of these 39 and 32 patients were followed up 12 and 24 months after treatment. All patients had Becks Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) assessments (scores can range from 0 to 63, the higher the score the more severe the category of depression), and where possible urinary monoamine neurotransmitter metabolites and serum aromatic amino acids were measured as biochemical markers of depression. RESULTS Mean (±standard deviation) BDI-II scores pre-nitisinone, and after 12 and 24 months were 10.1(9.6); 9.8(10.0) and 10.5(9.9) (p ≥ 0.05, all visits). Paired scores (n = 32), showed a significant increase at 24 months compared to baseline 10.5(9.9) vs. 8.6 (7.8) (p = 0.03). Serum tyrosine increased at least 6-fold following nitisinone (p ≤ 0.0001, all visits), and urinary 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) increased at 12 and 24 months (p ≤ 0.0001), and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) decreased at 12 months (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS BDI-II scores were significantly higher following 24 months of nitisinone therapy in patients that were followed up, however the majority of these patients remained in the minimal category of depression. Serum tyrosine and urinary 3-MT increased significantly following treatment with nitisinone. In contrast urinary 5-HIAA did not decrease consistently over the same period studied. Together these findings suggest nitisinone does not cause depression despite some observed effects on monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Davison
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK.
| | - J A Harrold
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| | - G Hughes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| | - B P Norman
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - J Devine
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - J Usher
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - A T Hughes
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - M Khedr
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - J A Gallagher
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - A M Milan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Halford J C G
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| | - L R Ranganath
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
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Gaballah HH, Gaber RA, Sharshar RS, Elshweikh SA. NOD2 expression, DNA damage and oxido-inflammatory status in atopic bronchial asthma: Exploring their nexus to disease severity. Gene 2018; 660:128-135. [PMID: 29572197 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a chronically relapsing inflammatory airway disease with a complex pathophysiology. AIM This study was undertaken to investigate the potential contribution of NOD2 signaling, proinflammatory cytokines, chitotriosidase (CHIT1) activity, oxidative stress and DNA damage to atopic asthma pathogenesis, as well as to explore their possible role as surrogate noninvasive biomarkers for monitoring asthma severity. METHODS Sixty patients with atopic bronchial asthma who were divided according to asthma severity into 40 mild-moderate, 20 severe atopic asthmatics, in addition to thirty age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. NOD2 expression in PBMCs was assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. DNA damage indices were assessed by alkaline comet assay. Serum IgE, IL-17, IL-8 and 3-Nitrotyrosine levels were estimated by ELISA. Serum CHIT1and GST activities, as well as MDA levels, were measured. RESULTS NOD2 mRNA relative expression levels were significantly decreased in atopic asthmatic cases relative to controls with lower values among severe atopic asthmatics. On the other hand, IL-17 and IL-8 serum levels, CHIT1 activity, DNA damage indices and oxidative stress markers were significantly increased in atopic asthmatic cases relative to controls with higher values among severe atopic asthmatics. The change in these parameters correlated significantly with the degree of decline in lung function. CONCLUSION The interplay between NOD2 signaling, proinflammatory cytokines, CHIT1 activity, heightened oxidative stress and DNA damage orchestrates allergic airway inflammation and thus contributing to the pathogenesis of atopic asthma. These parameters qualified for measurement as part of new noninvasive biomarker panels for monitoring asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa H Gaballah
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | - Rasha A Gaber
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | | | - Samah A Elshweikh
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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36
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Chen G, Zhang Y, Trinidad JC, Dann C. Distinguishing Sulfotyrosine Containing Peptides from their Phosphotyrosine Counterparts Using Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2018; 29:455-462. [PMID: 29313205 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfotyrosine and phosphotyrosine are two post-translational modifications present in higher eukaryotes. A simple and direct mass spectrometry method to distinguish between these modifications is crucial to advance our understanding of the sulfoproteome. While sulfation and phosphorylation are nominally isobaric, the accurate mass of the sulfuryl moiety is 9.6 mDa less than the phosphoryl moiety. Based on this difference, we have used an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer to characterize, resolve, and distinguish between sulfotyrosine and phosphotyrosine modifications using a set of model peptides. Multiple fragmentation techniques, namely HCD, CID, ETD, ETciD, and EThcD, have been used to compare the different fragmentation behaviors between peptides modified with these species. Sulfotyrosine undergoes neutral loss using HCD and CID, but the sulfuryl moiety is largely stable under ETD. In contrast, phosphotyrosine is stable during fragmentation using all these methods. This differential stability provides a mechanism to distinguish sulfopeptides from phosphopeptides. Based on the rigorous characterization presented herein, this work serves as a model for accurate identification of phosphotyrosine and, more challenging, sulfotyrosine, in complex proteomic samples. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jonathan C Trinidad
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Charles Dann
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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Locatelli F, Puzenat E, Arnoux JB, Blanc D, Aubin F. Richner-Hanhart syndrome (tyrosinemia type II). Cutis 2017; 100:E20-E22. [PMID: 29360903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Francois Aubin
- Service de Dermatologie, CHU, 3 Blvd Alexandre Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France.
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38
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van de Rest O, Bloemendaal M, de Heus R, Aarts E. Dose-Dependent Effects of Oral Tyrosine Administration on Plasma Tyrosine Levels and Cognition in Aging. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121279. [PMID: 29168741 PMCID: PMC5748730 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of tyrosine on plasma response and cognition in aging are unknown. We assessed the dose-dependent response to tyrosine administration in older adults in both plasma tyrosine concentrations and working memory performance. In this double blind randomized cross-over trial 17 older adults (aged 60–75 years) received a single administration of 100, 150, or 200 mg/kg body weight of tyrosine. For comparison, 17 young adults (aged 18–35 years) received a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight of tyrosine. Tyrosine plasma concentrations were determined before and 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 min after tyrosine intake. Working memory was assessed using the N-back task at 90 min after tyrosine administration. Older adults showed a dose-dependent increase in plasma tyrosine concentrations (p < 0.001), and the plasma response was higher than for young adults with the same dose (p < 0.001). Load-dependent working memory performance decreased with higher doses of tyrosine (p = 0.048), especially in older adults with greater dose-dependent plasma tyrosine responses (p = 0.035). Our results show an age-related increase in plasma tyrosine response, which was associated with a dose-dependent decline in cognitive functioning in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondine van de Rest
- Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam Bloemendaal
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rianne de Heus
- Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Geriatric Medicine, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Radboud Alzheimer Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Esther Aarts
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Gois PHF, Martines MS, Ferreira D, Volpini R, Canale D, Malaque C, Crajoinas R, Girardi ACC, Massola Shimizu MH, Seguro AC. Allopurinol attenuates acute kidney injury following Bothrops jararaca envenomation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006024. [PMID: 29155815 PMCID: PMC5714385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebites have been recognized as a neglected public health problem in several tropical and subtropical countries. Bothrops snakebites frequently complicate with acute kidney injury (AKI) with relevant morbidity and mortality. To date, the only treatment available for Bothrops envenomation is the intravenous administration of antivenom despite its several limitations. Therefore, the study of novel therapies in Bothrops envenomation is compelling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Allopurinol (Allo) in an experimental model of Bothrops jararaca venom (BJ)-associated AKI. Five groups of Wistar rats were studied: Sham, Allo, BJ, BJ+Allo, BJ+ipAllo. BJ (0.25 mg/kg) was intravenously injected during 40'. Saline at same dose and infusion rate was administered to Sham and Allo groups. Allo and BJ+Allo groups received Allo (300 mg/L) in the drinking water 7 days prior to Saline or BJ infusion respectively. BJ+ipAllo rats received intraperitoneal Allo (25 mg/Kg) 40' after BJ infusion. BJ rats showed markedly reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR, inulin clearance) associated with intense renal vasoconstriction, hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, reduced glutathione and increased systemic and renal markers of nitro-oxidative stress (Nitrotyrosine). Allo ameliorated GFR, renal blood flow (RBF), renal vascular resistance and arterial lactate levels. In addition, Allo was associated with increased serum glutathione as well as reduced levels of plasma and renal Nitrotyrosine. Our data show that Allo attenuated BJ-associated AKI, reduced oxidative stress, improved renal hemodynamics and organ perfusion. It might represent a novel adjuvant approach for Bothrops envenomation, a new use for an old and widely available drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique França Gois
- Laboratory of Medical Research–LIM12, Nephrology Department, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Nephrology Department, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Monique Silva Martines
- Laboratory of Medical Research–LIM12, Nephrology Department, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medical Research–LIM12, Nephrology Department, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rildo Volpini
- Laboratory of Medical Research–LIM12, Nephrology Department, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Canale
- Laboratory of Medical Research–LIM12, Nephrology Department, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ceila Malaque
- Vital Brazil Hospital, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Crajoinas
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Heloisa Massola Shimizu
- Laboratory of Medical Research–LIM12, Nephrology Department, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Seguro
- Laboratory of Medical Research–LIM12, Nephrology Department, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Afshinnia F, Zeng L, Byun J, Gadegbeku CA, Magnone MC, Whatling C, Valastro B, Kretzler M, Pennathur S. Myeloperoxidase Levels and Its Product 3-Chlorotyrosine Predict Chronic Kidney Disease Severity and Associated Coronary Artery Disease. Am J Nephrol 2017; 46:73-81. [PMID: 28668952 DOI: 10.1159/000477766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of myeloperoxidase in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its association with coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial. In this study, we compared myeloperoxidase and protein-bound 3-chlorotyrosine (ClY) levels in subjects with varying degrees of CKD and tested their associations with CAD. METHODS From Clinical Phenotyping Resource and Biobank Core, 111 patients were selected from CKD stages 1 to 5. Plasma myeloperoxidase level was measured using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay. Plasma protein-bound 3-ClY, a specific product of hypochlorous acid generated by myeloperoxidase was measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. RESULTS We selected 29, 20, 24, 22, and 16 patients from stages 1 to 5 CKD, respectively. In a sex-adjusted general linear model, mean ± SD of myeloperoxidase levels decreased from 18.1 ± 12.3 pmol in stage 1 to 10.9 ± 4.7 pmol in stage 5 (p = 0.011). In patients with and without CAD, the levels were 19.1 ± 10.1 and 14.8 ± 8.7 pmol (p = 0.036). There was an increase in 3-ClY mean from 0.81 ± 0.36 mmol/mol-tyrosine in stage 1 to 1.42 ± 0.41 mmol/mol-tyrosine in stage 5 (p < 0.001). The mean 3-ClY levels in patients with and without CAD were 1.25 ± 0.44 and 1.04 ± 0.42 mmol/mol-tyrosine (p = 0.023), respectively. C-statistic of ClY when added to myeloperoxidase level to predict CKD stage 5 was 0.86, compared to 0.79 for the myeloperoxidase level alone (p = 0.0097). CONCLUSION The myeloperoxidase levels decrease from stages 1 to 5, whereas activity increases. In contrast, both myeloperoxidase and ClY levels rise in the presence of CAD at various stages of CKD. Measuring both plasma myeloperoxidase and 3-CLY levels provide added value to determine the burden of myeloperoxidase-mediated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farsad Afshinnia
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kim DS, Jackson AU, Li YK, Stringham HM, Kuusisto J, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, Ala-Korpela M, Burant CF, Salomaa V, Boehnke M, Laakso M, Speliotes EK. Novel association of TM6SF2 rs58542926 genotype with increased serum tyrosine levels and decreased apoB-100 particles in Finns. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1471-1481. [PMID: 28539357 PMCID: PMC5496043 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p076034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A glutamate-to-lysine variant (rs58542926-T) in transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) is associated with increased fatty liver disease and diabetes in conjunction with decreased cardiovascular disease risk. To identify mediators of the effects of TM6SF2, we tested for associations between rs58542926-T and serum lipoprotein/metabolite measures in cross-sectional data from nondiabetic statin-naïve participants. We identified independent associations between rs58542926-T and apoB-100 particles (β = -0.057 g/l, P = 1.99 × 10-14) and tyrosine levels (β = 0.0020 mmol/l, P = 1.10 × 10-8), controlling for potential confounders, in 6,929 Finnish men. The association between rs58542926-T and apoB-100 was confirmed in an independent sample of 2,196 Finnish individuals from the FINRISK study (βreplication = -0.029, Preplication = 0.029). Secondary analyses demonstrated an rs58542926-T dose-dependent decrease in particle concentration, cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) content for VLDL and LDL particles (P < 0.001 for all). No significant associations between rs58542926-T and HDL measures were observed. TM6SF2 SNP rs58542926-T and tyrosine levels were associated with increased incident T2D risk in both METSIM and FINRISK. Decreased liver production/secretion of VLDL, decreased cholesterol and TGs in VLDL/LDL particles in serum, and increased tyrosine levels identify possible mechanisms by which rs58542926-T exerts its effects on increasing risk of fatty liver disease, decreasing cardiovascular disease, and increasing diabetes risk, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Seung Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yatong K. Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Heather M. Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - FinMetSeq Investigators
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine,University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy,University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine,Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine,University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine,Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti J. Kangas
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pasi Soininen
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy,University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy,University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Charles F. Burant
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine,University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine,Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elizabeth K. Speliotes
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Nardecchia F, Chiarotti F, Carducci C, Santagata S, Valentini G, Angeloni A, Blau N, Leuzzi V. Altered tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism in patients with phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency. Eur J Pediatr 2017; 176:917-924. [PMID: 28540433 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-2932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor is essential for the activity of various enzymes, including phenylalanine (Phe) hydroxylase. In phenylketonuria (PKU) patients, who are chronically exposed to high Phe levels, high urinary excretion of BH4 metabolites neopterin and biopterin is observed. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate consistence and variability of the urinary excretion of pterins (neopterin and biopterin) in PKU patients in relation to age and concomitant blood Phe and tyrosine levels. The study was based on the result of 274 pterin examinations (3-13 exams per subject) performed in 47 PKU patients (aged 6 days to 37 years). Multivariate analysis showed that urinary biopterin and neopterin excretion was affected by age and concomitant blood Phe concentration. The influence of blood Phe on both biopterin and neopterin levels was greater in patients younger than 4 months. Later on, interindividual variability was higher than intraindividual variability for both biopterin and neopterin. CONCLUSION Common metabolic (blood Phe levels) and individual (age) factors implicated in the assessment of PKU outcome account only marginally and transiently for the variability of neopterin and biopterin excretion in PKU patients. Other unknown homeostatic factors may probably affect the individual response to chronically elevated Phe levels. What is Known: • In PKU patients, a high urinary excretion of biopterin and neopterin is found. • Biopterin and neopterin excretion is influenced by age and phenylalanine levels. W hat is New: • Blood phenylalanine concentration is the major determinant on pterin excretion in PKU patients in the first months of life. • In older PKU patients, the influence of phenylalanine on pterin excretion is less prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nardecchia
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Chiarotti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Carducci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Santagata
- Department of Experimental Medicine, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Valentini
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Nenad Blau
- Dietmar-Hopp-Metabolic Center, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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de Betue CTI, Garcia Casal XC, van Waardenburg DA, Schexnayder SM, Joosten KFM, Deutz NEP, Engelen MPKJ. 24-Hour protein, arginine and citrulline metabolism in fed critically ill children - A stable isotope tracer study. Clin Nutr 2017; 36:876-887. [PMID: 28089618 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The reference method to study protein and arginine metabolism in critically ill children is measuring plasma amino acid appearances with stable isotopes during a short (4-8 h) time period and extrapolate results to 24-h. However, 24-h measurements may be variable due to critical illness related factors and a circadian rhythm could be present. Since only short duration stable isotope studies in critically ill children have been conducted before, the aim of this study was to investigate 24-h appearance of specific amino acids representing protein and arginine metabolism, with stable isotope techniques in continuously fed critically ill children. METHODS In eight critically ill children, admitted to the pediatric (n = 4) or cardiovascular (n = 4) intensive care unit, aged 0-10 years, receiving continuous (par)enteral nutrition with protein intake 1.0-3.7 g/kg/day, a 24-h stable isotope tracer protocol was carried out. L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine, L-[3,3-2H2]-tyrosine, L-[5,5,5-2H3]-leucine, L-[guanido-15N2]-arginine and L-[5-13C-3,3,4,4-2H4]-citrulline were infused intravenously and L-[15N]-phenylalanine and L-[1-13C]leucine enterally. Arterial blood was sampled every hour. RESULTS Coefficients of variation, representing intra-individual variability, of the amino acid appearances of phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and citrulline were high, on average 14-19% for intravenous tracers and 23-26% for enteral tracers. No evident circadian rhythm was present. The pattern and overall 24-h level of whole body protein balance differed per individual. CONCLUSIONS In continuously fed stable critically ill children, the amino acid appearances of phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and citrulline show high variability. This should be kept in mind when performing stable isotope studies in this population. There was no apparent circadian rhythm. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTER NCT01511354 on clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn T I de Betue
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Xiomara C Garcia Casal
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology & Critical Care Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Dick A van Waardenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen M Schexnayder
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology & Critical Care Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Koen F M Joosten
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Department of Geriatrics, Center of Translational Research on Aging and Longevity Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Marielle P K J Engelen
- Department of Geriatrics, Center of Translational Research on Aging and Longevity Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Strasser B, Geiger D, Schauer M, Gostner JM, Gatterer H, Burtscher M, Fuchs D. Probiotic Supplements Beneficially Affect Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolism and Reduce the Incidence of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Trained Athletes: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110752. [PMID: 27886064 PMCID: PMC5133134 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prolonged intense exercise has been associated with transient suppression of immune function and an increased risk of infections. In this context, the catabolism of amino acid tryptophan via kynurenine may play an important role. The present study examined the effect of a probiotic supplement on the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and the metabolism of aromatic amino acids after exhaustive aerobic exercise in trained athletes during three months of winter training. Methods: Thirty-three highly trained individuals were randomly assigned to probiotic (PRO, n = 17) or placebo (PLA, n = 16) groups using double blind procedures, receiving either 1 × 1010 colony forming units (CFU) of a multi-species probiotic (Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Bifidobacterium lactis W51, Enterococcus faecium W54, Lactobacillus acidophilus W22, Lactobacillus brevis W63, and Lactococcus lactis W58) or placebo once per day for 12 weeks. The serum concentrations of tryptophan, phenylalanine and their primary catabolites kynurenine and tyrosine, as well as the concentration of the immune activation marker neopterin were determined at baseline and after 12 weeks, both at rest and immediately after exercise. Participants completed a daily diary to identify any infectious symptoms. Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, post-exercise tryptophan levels were lowered by 11% (a significant change) in the PLA group compared to the concentrations measured before the intervention (p = 0.02), but remained unchanged in the PRO group. The ratio of subjects taking the placebo who experienced one or more URTI symptoms was increased 2.2-fold compared to those on probiotics (PLA 0.79, PRO 0.35; p = 0.02). Conclusion: Data indicate reduced exercise-induced tryptophan degradation rates in the PRO group. Daily supplementation with probiotics limited exercise-induced drops in tryptophan levels and reduced the incidence of URTI, however, did not benefit athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Strasser
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Daniela Geiger
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Markus Schauer
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Johanna M Gostner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Hannes Gatterer
- Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, Fuerstenweg 189, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, Fuerstenweg 189, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Nowak C, Salihovic S, Ganna A, Brandmaier S, Tukiainen T, Broeckling CD, Magnusson PK, Prenni JE, Wang-Sattler R, Peters A, Strauch K, Meitinger T, Giedraitis V, Ärnlöv J, Berne C, Gieger C, Ripatti S, Lind L, Pedersen NL, Sundström J, Ingelsson E, Fall T. Effect of Insulin Resistance on Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Levels: A Multi-cohort Non-targeted Metabolomics and Mendelian Randomization Study. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006379. [PMID: 27768686 PMCID: PMC5074591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) and impaired insulin secretion contribute to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Both are associated with changes in the circulating metabolome, but causal directions have been difficult to disentangle. We combined untargeted plasma metabolomics by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in three non-diabetic cohorts with Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to obtain new insights into early metabolic alterations in IR and impaired insulin secretion. In up to 910 elderly men we found associations of 52 metabolites with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp-measured IR and/or β-cell responsiveness (disposition index) during an oral glucose tolerance test. These implicated bile acid, glycerophospholipid and caffeine metabolism for IR and fatty acid biosynthesis for impaired insulin secretion. In MR analysis in two separate cohorts (n = 2,613) followed by replication in three independent studies profiled on different metabolomics platforms (n = 7,824 / 8,961 / 8,330), we discovered and replicated causal effects of IR on lower levels of palmitoleic acid and oleic acid. A trend for a causal effect of IR on higher levels of tyrosine reached significance only in meta-analysis. In one of the largest studies combining "gold standard" measures for insulin responsiveness with non-targeted metabolomics, we found distinct metabolic profiles related to IR or impaired insulin secretion. We speculate that the causal effects on monounsaturated fatty acid levels could explain parts of the raised cardiovascular disease risk in IR that is independent of diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Nowak
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA,United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Brandmaier
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Corey D. Broeckling
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Patrik K. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica E. Prenni
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Berne
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (TF)
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O’Hara CB, Keyes A, Renwick B, Giel KE, Campbell IC, Schmidt U. Evidence that Illness-Compatible Cues Are Rewarding in Women Recovered from Anorexia Nervosa: A Study of the Effects of Dopamine Depletion on Eye-Blink Startle Responses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165104. [PMID: 27764214 PMCID: PMC5072564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In anorexia nervosa (AN), motivational salience is attributed to illness-compatible cues (e.g., underweight and active female bodies) and this is hypothesised to involve dopaminergic reward circuitry. We investigated the effects of reducing dopamine (DA) transmission on the motivational processing of AN-compatible cues in women recovered from AN (AN REC, n = 17) and healthy controls (HC, n = 15). This involved the acute phenylalanine and tyrosine depletion (APTD) procedure and a startle eye-blink modulation (SEM) task. In a balanced amino acid state, AN REC showed an increased appetitive response (decreased startle potentiation) to illness-compatible cues (underweight and active female body pictures (relative to neutral and non-active cues, respectively)). The HC had an aversive response (increased startle potentiation) to the same illness-compatible stimuli (relative to neutral cues). Importantly, these effects, which may be taken to resemble symptoms observed in the acute stage of illness and healthy behaviour respectively, were not present when DA was depleted. Thus, AN REC implicitly appraised underweight and exercise cues as more rewarding than did HC and the process may, in part, be DA-dependent. It is proposed that the positive motivational salience attributed to cues of emaciation and physical activity is, in part, mediated by dopaminergic reward processes and this contributes to illness pathology. These observations are consistent with the proposal that, in AN, aberrant reward-based learning contributes to the development of habituation of AN-compatible behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B. O’Hara
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: caitlin.b.o’
| | - Alexandra Keyes
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Renwick
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin E. Giel
- Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iain C. Campbell
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, London, United Kingdom
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Önenli Mungan N, Yıldızdaş D, Kör D, Horoz ÖÖ, İncecik F, Öktem M, Sander J. Tyrosinemia type 1 and irreversible neurologic crisis after one month discontinuation of nitisone. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:1181-3. [PMID: 27188289 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type I is an autosomal recessively inherited metabolic disease of tyrosine metabolism due to the deficiency of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase. Clinical manifestations include hepatic failure, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal fanconi syndrome, and neurologic crisis. With the introduction of 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoro-methylbenzyol)-1,3 cyclohexanedione treatment the prognosis improved with reduced rate of complications. "Neurologic crisis" of tyrosinemia type I is a rare complication seen after discontinuation of treatment characterized with anorexia, vomiting, and hyponatremia in the initial phase continuing with paresthesia and paralysis of the extremities and the diaphragm. Here, we report a tyrosinemia type I patient who admitted to the hospital with nonspecific symptoms such as vomiting, anorexia, weakness, and restlessness only after one month discontinuation of nitisone and diagnosed as neurological crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinçer Yıldızdaş
- Department of Pediatrics, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kör
- Department of Pediatrics, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Özden Özgür Horoz
- Department of Pediatrics, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Faruk İncecik
- Department of Pediatrics, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
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Tsirkin VI, Nozdrachev AD, Sizova EN, Polezhaeva TV, Khlybova SV. [Endogenous Sensitizer of Beta-Adrenergic Receptors (ESBAR) as a Component of Humoral Links Element of Autonomic Nervous System and Its Analogs (Review)]. Usp Fiziol Nauk 2016; 47:18-42. [PMID: 29283233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Kirov State Medical Academy, Kirov The results of the 20-years studies of the presence in blood serum and other body fluids of endogenous modulators of adrenergic and M-cholinergic impact a A COMPONENT of humoral element of autonomic nervous system. The article is devoted to the endogenous sensitizer of beta-adrenergic receptor (ESBAR) - water-soluble low molecular weight substances, analogues of which are histidine, tryptophan, tyrosine, mildronat and preduktal. It is shown, that separate dilutions of human serum and animal (as a source of ESBAR) and ESBAR - analogues ways to enhance the effectiveness of activation of beta-adrenoceptors (AR) of smooth muscle (uterus, coronary and renal arteries, trachea, stomach), myocardium and erythrocytes and platelets (respectively influenced of histidine and tryptophan). It is reported? that content of ESBAR in human serum (according to the titers of its dilution) depends on the sex and the presence of somatic diseases, and at women are also on the stage of reproduction and obstetric complications It is discussed hossible mechanisms of ESBAR action, its physiological role, including as a component of beta-adrenoreceptor myometrium inhibitory mechanism, as well as the prospect of the use of analogues ESBAR, including for the prevention of preterm labor, and for the treatment of bronchial asthma, coronary heart disease, hypertension and heart failure.
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49
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Chien YH, Chen PW, Lee NC, Hsieh WS, Chiu PC, Hwu WL, Tsai FJ, Lin SP, Chu SY, Jong YJ, Chao MC. 3-O-methyldopa levels in newborns: Result of newborn screening for aromatic l-amino-acid decarboxylase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 118:259-63. [PMID: 27216367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of aromatic l-amino-acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is often delayed because a cerebrospinal fluid analysis is required to detect a neurotransmitter deficiency. We here demonstrated that an elevated concentration of l-dopa metabolite 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) in dried blood spots could be integrated into newborn screening program to precisely predict AADC deficiency. METHODS After obtaining parental consent, an additional spot was punched from newborn filter paper, eluted, cleaned, and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Newborns with a 3-OMD concentration exceeding 500ng/mL were referred for confirmatory testing. RESULTS From September 2013 to December 2015, 127,987 newborns were screened for AADC deficiency. The mean 3-OMD concentration in these newborns was 88.08ng/mL (SD=27.74ng/mL). Four newborns exhibited an elevated 3-OMD concentration (range, 939-3241ng/mL). All four newborns were confirmed to carry two pathologic DDC mutations, indicating an incidence of AADC deficiency of 1:32,000. During the follow-up period, three patients developed typical symptoms of AADC deficiency. Among 16 newborns with mildly elevated 3-OMD levels, six were heterozygous for the DDC IVS6+4A>T mutation. CONCLUSION Newborn screening of AADC deficiency was achieved with a 100% positive-predictive rate. An association for gestational age could be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Shiun Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Chin Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yin Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chyn Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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50
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Watanabe M, Kawai Y, Kitayama M, Akao H, Motoyama A, Wakasa M, Saito R, Aoki H, Fujibayashi K, Tsuchiya T, Nakanishi H, Saito K, Takeuchi M, Kajinami K. Diurnal glycemic fluctuation is associated with severity of coronary artery disease in prediabetic patients: Possible role of nitrotyrosine and glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end products. J Cardiol 2016; 69:625-631. [PMID: 27470137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose fluctuation (GF) is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it remains unknown whether specific indices of GF are risk factors for CAD. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between GF, as determined by a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) or the glucose level at 2h after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (75g OGTT 120), and the severity of CAD in prediabetic patients. We also evaluated whether nitrotyrosine (NT) and glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products (Glycer-AGE) were induced by GF. METHODS Twenty-eight prediabetic patients underwent coronary angiography (CAG), and the Gensini score and the SYNTAX score were evaluated as the severity of CAD, while the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) by CGMS and 75g OGTT 120 were evaluated. Serum NT and Glycer-AGE were measured. RESULTS The MAGE was closely associated with the Gensini score (r=0.742, p<0.001) and the SYNTAX score (r=0.776, p<0.001), respectively. The 75g OGTT 120 was not associated with the Gensini score (r=0.36, p=0.06), but it was significantly associated with the SYNTAX score (r=0.413, p=0.036). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the MAGE was the only independent determinant for the severity of CAD. The levels of NT and Glycer-AGE were significantly higher in the high MAGE group than in the low MAGE group. CONCLUSIONS Diurnal GF is associated with the severity of CAD, even in prediabetic patients. GF, NT, and Glycer-AGE may play a pathological role in the progression of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kawai
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | | | - Hironubu Akao
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Motoyama
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Minoru Wakasa
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Saito
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aoki
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroaki Nakanishi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Saito
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Kajinami
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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