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Rumer KK, Hedou J, Tsai A, Einhaus J, Verdonk F, Stanley N, Choisy B, Ganio E, Bonham A, Jacobsen D, Warrington B, Gao X, Tingle M, McAllister TN, Fallahzadeh R, Feyaerts D, Stelzer I, Gaudilliere D, Ando K, Shelton A, Morris A, Kebebew E, Aghaeepour N, Kin C, Angst MS, Gaudilliere B. Integrated Single-cell and Plasma Proteomic Modeling to Predict Surgical Site Complications: A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Surg 2022; 275:582-590. [PMID: 34954754 PMCID: PMC8816871 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether single-cell and plasma proteomic elements of the host's immune response to surgery accurately identify patients who develop a surgical site complication (SSC) after major abdominal surgery. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA SSCs may occur in up to 25% of patients undergoing bowel resection, resulting in significant morbidity and economic burden. However, the accurate prediction of SSCs remains clinically challenging. Leveraging high-content proteomic technologies to comprehensively profile patients' immune response to surgery is a promising approach to identify predictive biological factors of SSCs. METHODS Forty-one patients undergoing non-cancer bowel resection were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples collected before surgery and on postoperative day one (POD1) were analyzed using a combination of single-cell mass cytometry and plasma proteomics. The primary outcome was the occurrence of an SSC, including surgical site infection, anastomotic leak, or wound dehiscence within 30 days of surgery. RESULTS A multiomic model integrating the single-cell and plasma proteomic data collected on POD1 accurately differentiated patients with (n = 11) and without (n = 30) an SSC [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.86]. Model features included coregulated proinflammatory (eg, IL-6- and MyD88- signaling responses in myeloid cells) and immunosuppressive (eg, JAK/STAT signaling responses in M-MDSCs and Tregs) events preceding an SSC. Importantly, analysis of the immunological data obtained before surgery also yielded a model accurately predicting SSCs (AUC = 0.82). CONCLUSIONS The multiomic analysis of patients' immune response after surgery and immune state before surgery revealed systemic immune signatures preceding the development of SSCs. Our results suggest that integrating immunological data in perioperative risk assessment paradigms is a plausible strategy to guide individualized clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen K. Rumer
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Julien Hedou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Amy Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jakob Einhaus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Franck Verdonk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Sorbonne University, GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - Natalie Stanley
- Department of Computer Science and Computational Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Benjamin Choisy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Edward Ganio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Adam Bonham
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Danielle Jacobsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Beata Warrington
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Xiaoxiao Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Martha Tingle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Tiffany N. McAllister
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ramin Fallahzadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Dorien Feyaerts
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ina Stelzer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Dyani Gaudilliere
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Kazuo Ando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Andrew Shelton
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Arden Morris
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Cindy Kin
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Martin S. Angst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Newton-Tanzer E, Demmelmair H, Horak J, Holdt L, Koletzko B, Grote V. Acute Metabolic Response in Adults to Toddler Milk Formulas with Alternating Higher and Lower Protein and Fat Contents, a Randomized Cross-Over Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093022. [PMID: 34578900 PMCID: PMC8472683 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein intake in early life influences metabolism, weight gain, and later obesity risk. As such, a better understanding of the effects of protein intake on the postprandial metabolism and its dynamics over time may elucidate underlying mechanisms. In a randomized crossover study, we observed fasted adults who consumed two isocaloric toddler milk formulas concentrated as meals of 480 kcal with 67 g of carbohydrates 30 g (HP) or 7 g (LP) protein, and 10 g or 20 g fat, respectively. Anthropometry and body plethysmography were assessed, and blood samples collected at baseline and over five hours. Time-specific concentrations, areas under concentration curves (AUC), and maximum values of metabolites were compared by paired t-tests to examine the effects of protein content of toddler milks on postprandial plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), urea and triglycerides. Twenty-seven men and women aged 26.7 ± 5.0 years (BMI: 22.2 ± 2.5 kg/m2) (mean ± SD) participated. BCAA AUC, and Cmax values were significantly higher with HP than LP (144,765 ± 21,221 vs. 97,089 ± 14,650 µmol·min/L, p < 0.001; 656 ± 120 vs. 407 ± 66 µmol/L, p < 0.001), as were insulin AUC and Cmax values (6674 ± 3013 vs. 5600 ± 2423 µmol·min/L, p = 0.005; 71 ± 37 vs. 55 ± 28 µmol/L, p = 0.001). Higher glucose, urea, and triglyceride concentrations occurred in the late postprandial phase (≥180 min) with HP. In conclusion, we noted that higher milk protein intake induces increased postprandial BCAA concentrations for at least 5 h and led to higher initial insulin secretion. Gluconeogenesis due to an influx of amino acids and their degradation after HP meal might explain the late effects of protein intake on glucose and insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Newton-Tanzer
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.N.-T.); (H.D.); (J.H.); (V.G.)
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.N.-T.); (H.D.); (J.H.); (V.G.)
| | - Jeannie Horak
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.N.-T.); (H.D.); (J.H.); (V.G.)
| | - Lesca Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.N.-T.); (H.D.); (J.H.); (V.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)89-4400-52826
| | - Veit Grote
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.N.-T.); (H.D.); (J.H.); (V.G.)
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Jäger R, Zaragoza J, Purpura M, Iametti S, Marengo M, Tinsley GM, Anzalone AJ, Oliver JM, Fiore W, Biffi A, Urbina S, Taylor L. Probiotic Administration Increases Amino Acid Absorption from Plant Protein: a Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Crossover Study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:1330-1339. [PMID: 32358640 PMCID: PMC7641926 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The fate of dietary protein in the gut is determined by microbial and host digestion and utilization. Fermentation of proteins generates bioactive molecules that have wide-ranging health effects on the host. The type of protein can affect amino acid absorption, with animal proteins generally being more efficiently absorbed compared with plant proteins. In contrast to animal proteins, most plant proteins, such as pea protein, are incomplete proteins. Pea protein is low in methionine and contains lower amounts of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which play a crucial role in muscle health. We hypothesized that probiotic supplementation results in favorable changes in the gut microbiota, aiding the absorption of amino acids from plant proteins by the host. Fifteen physically active men (24.2 ± 5.0 years; 85.3 ± 12.9 kg; 178.0 ± 7.6 cm; 16.7 ± 5.8% body fat) co-ingested 20 g of pea protein with either AminoAlta™, a multi-strain probiotic (5 billion CFU L. paracasei LP-DG® (CNCM I-1572) plus 5 billion CFU L. paracasei LPC-S01 (DSM 26760), SOFAR S.p.A., Italy) or a placebo for 2 weeks in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, separated by a 4-week washout period. Blood samples were taken at baseline and at 30-, 60-, 120-, and 180-min post-ingestion and analyzed for amino acid content. Probiotic administration significantly increased methionine, histidine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, total BCAA, and total EAA maximum concentrations (Cmax) and AUC without significantly changing the time to reach maximum concentrations. Probiotic supplementation can be an important nutritional strategy to improve post-prandial changes in blood amino acids and to overcome compositional shortcomings of plant proteins. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ISRCTN38903788.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Zaragoza
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA
| | | | - Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Marengo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Stacie Urbina
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA
| | - Lem Taylor
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA
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Moro J, Khodorova N, Tomé D, Gaudichon C, Tardivel C, Berton T, Martin JC, Azzout-Marniche D, Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse D. Plasma and Urinary Amino Acid-Derived Catabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:1567. [PMID: 34066958 PMCID: PMC8148556 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary intakes must cover protein and essential amino acid (EAA) requirements. For this purpose, different methods have been developed such as the nitrogen balance method, factorial method, or AA tracer studies. However, these methods are either invasive or imprecise, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2013) recommends new methods and, in particular, metabolomics. The aim of this study is to determine total protein/EAA requirement in the plasma and urine of growing rats. METHODS 36 weanling rats were fed with diets containing 3, 5, 8, 12, 15, and 20% protein for 3 weeks. During experimentation, urine was collected using metabolic cages, and blood from the portal vein and vena was taken at the end of the experiment. Metabolomics analyses were performed using LC-MS, and the data were analyzed with a multivariate analysis model, partial least Squares (PLS) regression, and independent component-discriminant analysis (ICDA). Each discriminant metabolite identified by PLS or ICDA was tested by one-way ANOVA to evaluate the effect of diet. RESULTS PLS and ICDA allowed us to identify discriminating metabolites between different diet groups. Protein deficiency led to an increase in the AA catabolism enzyme systems inducing the production of breakdown metabolites in the plasma and urine. CONCLUSION These results indicate that metabolites are specific for the state of EAA deficiency and sufficiency. Some types of biomarkers such as AA degradation metabolites appear to be specific candidates for protein/EAA requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moro
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France; (J.M.); (N.K.); (D.T.); (C.G.); (D.J.-R.B.)
| | - Nadezda Khodorova
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France; (J.M.); (N.K.); (D.T.); (C.G.); (D.J.-R.B.)
| | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France; (J.M.); (N.K.); (D.T.); (C.G.); (D.J.-R.B.)
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France; (J.M.); (N.K.); (D.T.); (C.G.); (D.J.-R.B.)
| | - Catherine Tardivel
- UMR C2VN, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, 13385 Marseille, France; (C.T.); (T.B.); (J.-C.M.)
| | - Thierry Berton
- UMR C2VN, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, 13385 Marseille, France; (C.T.); (T.B.); (J.-C.M.)
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- UMR C2VN, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, 13385 Marseille, France; (C.T.); (T.B.); (J.-C.M.)
| | - Dalila Azzout-Marniche
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France; (J.M.); (N.K.); (D.T.); (C.G.); (D.J.-R.B.)
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Kittisakmontri K, Lanigan J, Sangcakul A, Tim-Aroon T, Meemaew P, Wangaueattachon K, Fewtrell M. Comparison of 24-Hour Recall and 3-Day Food Records during the Complementary Feeding Period in Thai Infants and Evaluation of Plasma Amino Acids as Markers of Protein Intake. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020653. [PMID: 33671299 PMCID: PMC7922561 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: An accurate and reliable measurement of nutrient intake is the first and foremost step in order to optimise infant nutrition and evaluate its impact on health outcomes. However, research on the validity of dietary assessment tools used during the weaning period is limited, especially in lower-middle income countries. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate relative validity of a 24-h recall method (24-HR) using a 3-day food record (3-DFR). A secondary aim was to investigate association between protein intake from 3-DFR and plasma amino acids as a potential protein biomarker. Methods A multicentre, prospective cohort study was conducted in Chiang Mai, Thailand from June 2018 to May 2019. Food consumption data were collected in healthy infants using 24-HR and 3-DFR at 9 and 12 months of age. Blood samples were obtained at 12 months (M). Plasma amino acids were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography. Results Of 145 infants, 49% were female. At group level, paired t-tests/Wilcoxon signed rank tests did not show significant differences between average nutrient intakes from the 2 dietary assessment methods, except for vitamin A and vitamin C. Weighted kappa (Kw) was acceptable for all nutrients, except for vitamin A intake at 9 M (Kw = 0.15). The Bland–Altman analyses were unbiased for most nutrients with variable limits of agreement. At individual level, correlation coefficients (r) ranged from acceptable to excellent (r = 0.37–0.87) while cross-classifications showed acceptable outcomes, except for vitamin A. Multivariate analyses showed significant associations between protein intake at 12 M from the 3-DFR and plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and essential amino acids (EAA), even after adjusting for gender, milk feeding type and energy intake. Conclusions For infants aged 9–12 M, a 24-HR can be used as a more practical alternative to a 3-DFR for most nutrients although caution is required for some micronutrients, especially vitamin A. A repeated interview might further improve the accuracy. Furthermore, protein intake, particularly animal-based protein, significantly predicted plasma BCAA and EAA concentrations regardless of gender, type of milk feeding and energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulnipa Kittisakmontri
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, University College London Great Ormand Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.L.); (M.F.)
- Division of Paediatric nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Julie Lanigan
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, University College London Great Ormand Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Areeporn Sangcakul
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (A.S.); (P.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Thipwimol Tim-Aroon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Pornchai Meemaew
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (A.S.); (P.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Kanticha Wangaueattachon
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (A.S.); (P.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Mary Fewtrell
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, University College London Great Ormand Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.L.); (M.F.)
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Fotschki B, Juśkiewicz J, Jurgoński A, Amarowicz R, Opyd P, Bez J, Muranyi I, Lykke Petersen I, Laparra Llopis M. Protein-Rich Flours from Quinoa and Buckwheat Favourably Affect the Growth Parameters, Intestinal Microbial Activity and Plasma Lipid Profile of Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2781. [PMID: 32932953 PMCID: PMC7551680 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, dietary products with quinoa and buckwheat have attracted attention mostly due to the high nutritive value of their protein fraction. However, their dietary effect on intestinal microbiota activity and related systemic responses are still poorly understood. Therefore, a 2 week study of twenty-eight growing male Wistar rats was conducted to investigate the effects of quinoa (QU) and buckwheat (BK) protein-rich flours on the growth parameters, intestinal microbial activity, plasma lipid profile, and inflammatory markers. The biological value of protein and body weight gain were considerably increased in the QU and BK groups compared with those in the soy protein isolate group. Moreover, both flours increased the microbial activity of α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and α-galactosidase and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the caecum. The studied flours favourably reduced the plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. In rats fed a diet with QU, elevated levels of plasma interleukin 6 and alanine transaminase were observed. The effect of QU on inflammatory markers may be related to the increased expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the liver and to the decreased level of plasma albumin. In conclusion, quinoa and buckwheat protein-rich flours are valuable sources of proteins that favourably affect growth parameters, gut metabolism, and blood lipid profile in rats; however, only the buckwheat flour has no effect on inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Fotschki
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.J.); (A.J.); (R.A.); (P.O.)
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.J.); (A.J.); (R.A.); (P.O.)
| | - Adam Jurgoński
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.J.); (A.J.); (R.A.); (P.O.)
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.J.); (A.J.); (R.A.); (P.O.)
| | - Paulina Opyd
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.J.); (A.J.); (R.A.); (P.O.)
| | - Jürgen Bez
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Giggenhauser Str. 35, D-85354 Freising, Germany; (J.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Isabel Muranyi
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Giggenhauser Str. 35, D-85354 Freising, Germany; (J.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Iben Lykke Petersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C., Denmark;
| | - Moisés Laparra Llopis
- Molecular Immunonutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA-Food), Ctra. de Canto Blanco n° 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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Gunther SH, Khoo CM, Sim X, Tai ES, van Dam RM. Diet, Physical Activity and Adiposity as Determinants of Circulating Amino Acid Levels in a Multiethnic Asian Population. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092603. [PMID: 32867058 PMCID: PMC7551953 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Profiles of circulating amino acids have been associated with cardiometabolic diseases. We investigated the associations between dietary protein intake, physical activity and adiposity and serum amino acid profiles in an Asian population. We used data from 3009 male and female participants from the Singapore Prospective Study Program cohort. Dietary and physical activity data were obtained from validated questionnaires; anthropometric measurements were collected during a health examination; and fasting concentrations of 16 amino acids were measured using targeted LC-MS. The association between lifestyle factors and amino acid levels was modeled using multiple linear regression with adjustment for other sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and correction for multiple testing. We observed significant associations between seafood intake (β-coefficient 0.132, 95% CI 0.006, 0.257 for a 100% increment), physical activity (β-coefficient −0.096, 95% CI −0.183, −0.008 in the highest versus lowest quartile) and adiposity (BMI β-coefficient 0.062, 95% CI 0.054, 0.070 per kg/m2; waist circumference β-coefficient 0.034, 95% CI 0.031, 0.037 per cm) and branched-chain amino acid levels (expressed per-SD). We also observed significant interactions with sex for the association between meat and seafood and total intakes and BCAA levels (P for interaction 0.007), which were stronger in females than in males. Our findings suggest novel associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and amino acid levels in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H. Gunther
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (X.S.); (ES.T.); (R.M.v.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-8661-0319
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (X.S.); (ES.T.); (R.M.v.D.)
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (X.S.); (ES.T.); (R.M.v.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Rob M. van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (X.S.); (ES.T.); (R.M.v.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Matsuba I, Kanamori A, Takihata M, Takai M, Maeda H, Kubota A, Iemitsu K, Umezawa S, Obana M, Kaneshiro M, Kawata T, Takuma T, Takeda H, Machimura H, Mokubo A, Motomiya T, Asakura T, Kikuchi T, Matsuzawa Y, Ito S, Miyakawa M, Terauchi Y, Tanaka Y. Canagliflozin Increases Calorie Intake in Type 2 Diabetes Without Changing the Energy Ratio of the Three Macronutrients: CANA-K Study. Diabetes Technol Ther 2020; 22:228-234. [PMID: 32013567 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2019.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve glycemic control and reduce body weight by increasing glycosuria. Although a compensatory increase of food intake has been reported, the long-term effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on food intake remains unclear. This study investigated the influence of canagliflozin on calorie and nutrient intake over 1 year. Materials and Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 107) were enrolled and followed prospectively while receiving canagliflozin at 100 mg/day for 12 months. Intake of nutrients was investigated by using the food frequency questionnaire. Hemoglobin A1c, body weight, and satisfaction with diabetes treatment (assessed by the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire: DTSQ) were also investigated. Results: The baseline total energy intake was 1723 ± 525 kcal/day and it showed a persistent increase during treatment with canagliflozin, being 132 kcal higher at 6 months (P = 0.0058) and 113 kcal higher at 12 months (P = 0.0516). Intake of all three macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein, and fat) was significantly increased after 6 months of canagliflozin treatment (P = 0.0129, P = 0.0160, and P = 0.0314, respectively), but their ratio was unchanged. The DTSQ score improved significantly and both hemoglobin A1c and body weight showed a significant decrease throughout treatment (all P < 0.0001). Conclusions: After patients with type 2 diabetes commenced canagliflozin, their calorie intake increased without changing the ratio of the three macronutrients. Despite elevation of the calorie intake, glycemic control improved and weight loss was achieved. Satisfaction with treatment of diabetes also increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuro Matsuba
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Akira Kanamori
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takihata
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takai
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Hajime Maeda
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Akira Kubota
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Kotaro Iemitsu
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Shinichi Umezawa
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Obana
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kaneshiro
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kawata
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takuma
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Hideo Machimura
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Atsuko Mokubo
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Motomiya
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Taro Asakura
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kikuchi
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuzawa
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Shogo Ito
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyakawa
- The Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokoyama City, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tanaka
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki City, Japan
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9
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Liu M, Jin HS, Park S. Protein and fat intake interacts with the haplotype of PTPN11_rs11066325, RPH3A_rs886477, and OAS3_rs2072134 to modulate serum HDL concentrations in middle-aged people. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:942-949. [PMID: 31006500 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Low serum HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and it is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. We hypothesized that genetic variants that decrease serum HDL-C concentrations may interact with nutrient intakes in ways that increase or decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. METHODS Candidate genetic variants that can lower serum HDL-C concentrations were explored by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), after adjusting for covariates, in the Ansan/Ansung cohort (n = 8842) from KoGES. The best genetic variants were selected and used to form a haplotype. According to the haplotype frequencies of SNPs, they were divided into major allele, heterozygote allele, and minor allele. The association of haplotype with serum HDL-C levels was determined using logistic regression after adjusting for confounding factors. Interaction of the haplotype with nutrient intake was also determined. RESULTS PTPN11_rs11066325, RPH3A_rs886477 and OAS3_rs2072134 were selected to modulate serum HDL-C levels from GWAS(P = 1.09E-09, 7.04E-10, and 1.27E-09, respectively). The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for a decrease in serum HDL-C concentration in the minor-allele group of the haplotype were elevated by 1.534 fold, compared to the major-allele group of the haplotype. Furthermore, the adjusted ORs for serum LDL cholesterol and levels increased by 1.645 in the minor-alleles compared to the major-alleles of the haplotype without a significant change of serum cholesterol levels. Interestingly, the adjusted ORs for serum triglyceride were lower in the minor-alleles than in the major-alleles. The haplotype had a significant interaction with the intake of protein, fat, saturated fatty acids (SAF) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; P < 0.05). In particular, the minor alleles of the haplotype decreased serum HDL-C levels compared to the major-alleles in the high intake of protein, fat, SFA, and PUFA, not in the low intake. CONCLUSIONS People carrying the minor-allele of haplotypes should avoid diets that are high in protein and fat, especially rich in SFA and PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Institue of Basic Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam, 31499, South Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Jin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam, 31499, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Institue of Basic Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam, 31499, South Korea.
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10
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Prodhan UK, Pundir S, Chiang VSC, Milan AM, Barnett MPG, Smith GC, Markworth JF, Knowles SO, Cameron-Smith D. Comparable Postprandial Amino Acid and Gastrointestinal Hormone Responses to Beef Steak Cooked Using Different Methods: A Randomised Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:E380. [PMID: 32023931 PMCID: PMC7071200 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooking changes the texture and tenderness of red meat, which may influence its digestibility, circulatory amino acids (AA) and gastrointestinal (GI) hormonal responses in consumers. In a randomised crossover intervention, healthy males (n = 12) consumed a beef steak sandwich, in which the beef was cooked by either a pan-fried (PF) or sous-vide (SV) method. Plasma AA were measured by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), while plasma GI hormones were measured using a flow cytometric multiplex array. Following meat ingestion, the circulatory concentrations of some of the essential AA (all the branched-chain AA: leucine, isoleucine and valine; and threonine), some of the nonessential AA (glycine, alanine, tyrosine and proline) and some of the nonproteogenic AA (taurine, citrulline and ornithine) were increased from fasting levels by 120 or 180 min (p < 0.05). There were no differences in circulating AA concentrations between cooking methods. Likewise, of the measured GI hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations increased from fasting levels after consumption of the steak sandwich (p < 0.05), with no differences between the cooking methods. In the healthy male adults, protein digestion and circulating GI hormone responses to a beef-steak breakfast were unaltered by the different cooking methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal K. Prodhan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shikha Pundir
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Vic S.-C. Chiang
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Amber M. Milan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch Limited, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Matthew P. G. Barnett
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch Limited, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Greg C. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James F. Markworth
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Scott O. Knowles
- Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Limited, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore
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11
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Azabdaftari A, van der Giet M, Schuchardt M, Hennermann JB, Plöckinger U, Querfeld U. The cardiovascular phenotype of adult patients with phenylketonuria. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:213. [PMID: 31492166 PMCID: PMC6731621 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Phenylketonuria (PKU) are exposed to multiple cardiovascular risk factors, but the clinical significance of these abnormalities is yet unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize the cardiovascular phenotype in adult patients with PKU by clinical and dietary data, measurements of biochemical markers, and non-invasive examination of vascular functions. RESULTS Twenty-three adult patients with PKU (age: 18-47 y; 30.8 ± 8.4 y) and 28 healthy controls (age: 18-47 y; 30.1 ± 9.1 y) were included in this study. PKU patients had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, increased resting heart rate and a higher body mass index. Total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels were significantly increased in PKU patients, whereas plasma levels of HDL cholesterol and its subfraction HDL2 (but not HDL3) were significantly decreased. The inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein and the serum oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde were significantly higher in patients with PKU. Venous occlusion plethysmography showed marked reduction in post-ischemic blood flow and the carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity was significantly increased demonstrating endothelial dysfunction and increased vascular stiffness. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the cardiovascular phenotype of adult PKU patients is characterized by an accumulation of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, high levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffness. These data indicate the need for early cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Azabdaftari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augstenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus van der Giet
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Schuchardt
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia B Hennermann
- Villa Metabolica, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr, 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ursula Plöckinger
- Interdisciplinary Center of Metabolism: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Querfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augstenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Javed K, Bröer S. Mice Lacking the Intestinal and Renal Neutral Amino Acid Transporter SLC6A19 Demonstrate the Relationship between Dietary Protein Intake and Amino Acid Malabsorption. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2024. [PMID: 31470570 PMCID: PMC6770948 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein restriction has beneficial impacts on metabolic health. B0AT1 (SLC6A19) is the major transporter of neutral amino acids at the intestinal epithelia and absorbs the bulk of the diet-derived neutral amino acids from the intestinal lumen. It also reabsorbs neutral amino acids in the renal proximal tubules. Mice lacking B0AT1 show cellular outcomes of protein restriction, such as high FGF21 levels and low mTORC1 activity. Moreover, they have improved glucose homeostasis and resist diet-induced obesity. In this study, we investigated the relationship between protein restriction and dietary protein intake in C57Bl6/J wild-type (wt) and SLC6A19-knockout (SLC6A19ko) mice. When SLC6A19ko mice were fed diets containing 5%, 25%, or 52% of their total calories derived from protein, no differences in food intake or weight gain were observed. All essential amino acids significantly positively correlated with increasing dietary casein content in the wt mice. The SLC6A19ko mice showed reduced postprandial levels of essential amino acids in plasma, particularly following high-protein diets. Upon fasting, essential amino acids were the same in the wt and SLC6A19ko mice due to reduced amino acid catabolism. Bacterial metabolites originating from amino acid fermentation correlated with the dietary protein content, but showed a complex profile in the blood of the SLC6A19ko mice. This study highlights the potential of SLC6A19 as a knock-out or inhibition target to induce protein restriction for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Javed
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Stefan Bröer
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
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13
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Poggiogalle E, Fontana M, Giusti AM, Pinto A, Iannucci G, Lenzi A, Donini LM. Amino Acids and Hypertension in Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071459. [PMID: 31252583 PMCID: PMC6683075 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a potential role of dietary protein among nutritional factors interfering with the regulation of blood pressure. Dietary protein source (plant versus animal protein), and especially, protein composition in terms of amino acids has been postulated to interfere with mechanisms underlying the development of hypertension. Recently, mounting interest has been directed at amino acids in hypertension focusing on habitual dietary intake and their circulating levels regardless of single amino acid dietary supplementation. The aim of the present review was to summarize epidemiological evidence concerning the connection between amino acids and hypertension. Due to the large variability in methodologies used for assessing amino acid levels and heterogeneity in the results obtained, it was not possible to draw robust conclusions. Indeed, some classes of amino acids or individual amino acids showed non-causative association with blood pressure as well as the incidence of hypertension, but the evidence was far from being conclusive. Further research should be prompted for a thorough understanding of amino acid effects and synergistic actions of different amino acid classes on blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Poggiogalle
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli"; Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pinto
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gino Iannucci
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maria Donini
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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14
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Rousseau M, Guénard F, Garneau V, Allam-Ndoul B, Lemieux S, Pérusse L, Vohl MC. Associations Between Dietary Protein Sources, Plasma BCAA and Short-Chain Acylcarnitine Levels in Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010173. [PMID: 30650556 PMCID: PMC6356602 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and C3 and C5 acylcarnitines (AC) levels observed in individuals with insulin resistance (IR) might be influenced by dietary protein intakes. This study explores the associations between dietary protein sources, plasma BCAA levels and C3 and C5 ACs in normal weight (NW) or overweight (OW) individuals with or without metabolic syndrome (MS). Data from 199 men and women aged 18⁻55 years with complete metabolite profile were analyzed. Associations between metabolic parameters, protein sources, plasma BCAA and AC levels were tested. OW/MS+ consumed significantly more animal protein (p = 0.0388) and had higher plasma BCAA levels (p < 0.0001) than OW/MS- or NW/MS- individuals. Plasma BCAA levels were not associated with BCAA intakes in the whole cohort, while there was a trend for an association between plasma BCAA levels and red meat or with animal protein in OW/MS+. These associations were of weak magnitude. In NW/MS- individuals, the protein sources associated with BCAA levels varied greatly with adjustment for confounders. Plasma C3 and C5 ACs were associated with plasma BCAA levels in the whole cohort (p < 0.0001) and in subgroups based on OW and MS status. These results suggest a modest association of meat or animal protein intakes and an association of C3 and C5 ACs with plasma BCAA levels, obesity and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Rousseau
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Véronique Garneau
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Bénédicte Allam-Ndoul
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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15
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Nowicki GJ, Ślusarska B, Bartoszek A, Kocka K, Deluga A, Kachaniuk H, Łuczyk M. Moderation and Mediation Analysis of the Relationship between Total Protein Concentration and the Risk of Depressive Disorders in Older Adults with Function Dependence in Home Care. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101374. [PMID: 30261582 PMCID: PMC6213179 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its devastating consequences, late-life depression is an important public health problem. The aim of the study was an analysis of variables which may potentially influence the risk of depression (GDS-SF). Furthermore, the aim was to study possible mediating effects of given variables on the relationship between the total protein concentration and the risk of depression in older adults with chronic diseases, and physical function impairment. The research sample included 132 older adults with chronic conditions and physical function impairments, residing in a long-term care in residential environment. In the studied group of sensory organs, diseases proved to be a significant moderator of the relationship between GDS-SF and total serum protein concentration. A stronger relationship was observed in subjects suffering from diseases of sensory organs (b = −6.42, 95% CI= −11.27; −1.58). The Barthel index and 25(OH)D vitamin were the most significant mediators of the examined relationship. Cohort research is suggested to confirm the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Józef Nowicki
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Ślusarska
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Bartoszek
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kocka
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Alina Deluga
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Hanna Kachaniuk
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marta Łuczyk
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
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16
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Rondanelli M, Aquilani R, Verri M, Boschi F, Pasini E, Perna S, Faliva A, Condino AM. Plasma kinetics of essential amino acids following their ingestion as free formula or as dietary protein components. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:801-805. [PMID: 27406393 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This investigation compares the levels of plasma kinetics of plasma essential amino acids (EAAs) after ingestion as free-form EAAs (FEAAs) or EAAs as components of dietary protein (DPEAAs), in eighteen healthy individuals, nine elderly (85 ± 6.7 years; 4 male) and nine young (28.7 ± 7 years; 3 males). For two consecutive days, each subject ingested EAAs in the form of (FEAAs) or (DPEAAs) in a random alternate pattern. Five minutes before EAA ingestion (baseline) and 30, 60, 90, 150 and 270 min after, venous blood samples were taken to determine the concentrations of EAAS (micromol/L). In both groups, ingested FEAAs compared to DPEAAs led to faster increase in plasma EAA levels at 30-150 min (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the increased plasma EAAs disappeared faster after FEAA compared to DPEAA. These results may be important in those subjects who have high requirement both for EAAs substrates and anabolic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine & Forensic Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medicine, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Servizio Endocrino Nutrizionale, Istituto di Riabilitazione "Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Aquilani
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Verri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Boschi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Evasio Pasini
- Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Lumezzane, Via Mazzini, 9, 25065, Lumezzane, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine & Forensic Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medicine, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Servizio Endocrino Nutrizionale, Istituto di Riabilitazione "Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Faliva
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine & Forensic Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medicine, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Servizio Endocrino Nutrizionale, Istituto di Riabilitazione "Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Condino
- Department of Drug Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Eriguchi R, Obi Y, Streja E, Tortorici AR, Rhee CM, Soohoo M, Kim T, Kovesdy CP, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Longitudinal Associations among Renal Urea Clearance-Corrected Normalized Protein Catabolic Rate, Serum Albumin, and Mortality in Patients on Hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 12:1109-1117. [PMID: 28490436 PMCID: PMC5498364 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.13141216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There are inconsistent reports on the association of dietary protein intake with serum albumin and outcomes among patients on hemodialysis. Using a new normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) variable accounting for residual renal urea clearance, we hypothesized that higher baseline nPCR and rise in nPCR would be associated with higher serum albumin and better survival among incident hemodialysis patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Among 36,757 incident hemodialysis patients in a large United States dialysis organization, we examined baseline and change in renal urea clearance-corrected nPCR as a protein intake surrogate and modeled their associations with serum albumin and mortality over 5 years (1/2007-12/2011). RESULTS Median nPCRs with and without accounting for renal urea clearance at baseline were 0.94 and 0.78 g/kg per day, respectively (median within-patient difference, 0.14 [interquartile range, 0.07-0.23] g/kg per day). During a median follow-up period of 1.4 years, 8481 deaths were observed. Baseline renal urea clearance-corrected nPCR was associated with higher serum albumin and lower mortality in the fully adjusted model (Ptrend<0.001). Among 13,895 patients with available data, greater rise in renal urea clearance-corrected nPCR during the first 6 months was also associated with attaining high serum albumin (≥3.8 g/dl) and lower mortality (Ptrend<0.001); compared with the reference group (a change of 0.1-0.2 g/kg per day), odds and hazard ratios were 0.53 (95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.63) and 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 1.54), respectively, among patients with a change of <-0.2 g/kg per day and 1.62 (95% confidence interval, 1.35 to 1.96) and 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.90), respectively, among those with a change of ≥0.5 g/kg per day. Within a given category of nPCR without accounting for renal urea clearance, higher levels of renal urea clearance-corrected nPCR consistently showed lower mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS Among incident hemodialysis patients, higher dietary protein intake represented by nPCR and its changes over time appear to be associated with increased serum albumin levels and greater survival. nPCR may be underestimated when not accounting for renal urea clearance. Compared with the conventional nPCR, renal urea clearance-corrected nPCR may be a better marker of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Eriguchi
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Yoshitsugu Obi
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Elani Streja
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
- Nephrology Section, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Amanda R. Tortorici
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Connie M. Rhee
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Melissa Soohoo
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Taehee Kim
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Csaba P. Kovesdy
- Nephrology Section, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
- Nephrology Section, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
- Department Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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18
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Atherton PJ, Kumar V, Selby AL, Rankin D, Hildebrandt W, Phillips BE, Williams JP, Hiscock N, Smith K. Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men. Clin Nutr 2017; 36:888-895. [PMID: 27208923 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Maximizing anabolic responses to feeding and exercise is crucial for muscle maintenance and adaptation to exercise training. We hypothesized that enriching a protein drink with leucine would improve anabolic responses to resistance exercise (RE: 6 × 8 knee-extension repetitions at 75% of 1-RM) in both young and older adults. Groups (n = 9) of young (24 ± 6 y, BMI 23 ± 2 kg m-2) and older men (70 ± 5 y, BMI 25 ± 2 kg m-2) were randomized to either: (i) RE followed by Slim-Fast Optima (SFO 10 g PRO; 24 g CHO) with 4.2 g of leucine (LEU) or, (ii) RE + SFO with 4.2 g of alanine (ALA; isonitrogenous control). Muscle biopsies were taken before, immediately after, and 1, 2 and 4 h after RE and feeding. Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) was measured by incorporation of [1, 2-13C2] leucine into myofibrillar proteins and the phosphorylation of p70S6K1 by immunoblotting. In young men, both area under the curve (AUC; FSR 0-4 h P < 0.05) and peak FSR (0.11 vs. 0.08%.h.-1; P < 0.05) were greater in the SFO + LEU than in the SFO + ALA group, after RE. Similarly, in older men, AUC analysis revealed that post-exercise anabolic responses were greater in the SFO + LEU than SFO + ALA group, after RE (AUC; FSR 0-4 h P < 0.05). Irrespective of age, increases in p70S6K1 phosphorylation were evident in response to both SFO + LEU and SFO + ALA, although greater with leucine supplementation than alanine (fold-change 2.2 vs. 3.2; P < 0.05), specifically in the older men. We conclude that addition of Leucine to a sub-maximal PRO bolus improves anabolic responses to RE in young and older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Atherton
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Vinod Kumar
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Anna L Selby
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Debbie Rankin
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Wulf Hildebrandt
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Beth E Phillips
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - John P Williams
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK; Anaesthetic Department, Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Natalie Hiscock
- Unilever Discover R & D, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK.
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de Betue CTI, Garcia Casal XC, van Waardenburg DA, Schexnayder SM, Joosten KFM, Deutz NEP, Engelen MPKJ. 24-Hour protein, arginine and citrulline metabolism in fed critically ill children - A stable isotope tracer study. Clin Nutr 2017; 36:876-887. [PMID: 28089618 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The reference method to study protein and arginine metabolism in critically ill children is measuring plasma amino acid appearances with stable isotopes during a short (4-8 h) time period and extrapolate results to 24-h. However, 24-h measurements may be variable due to critical illness related factors and a circadian rhythm could be present. Since only short duration stable isotope studies in critically ill children have been conducted before, the aim of this study was to investigate 24-h appearance of specific amino acids representing protein and arginine metabolism, with stable isotope techniques in continuously fed critically ill children. METHODS In eight critically ill children, admitted to the pediatric (n = 4) or cardiovascular (n = 4) intensive care unit, aged 0-10 years, receiving continuous (par)enteral nutrition with protein intake 1.0-3.7 g/kg/day, a 24-h stable isotope tracer protocol was carried out. L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine, L-[3,3-2H2]-tyrosine, L-[5,5,5-2H3]-leucine, L-[guanido-15N2]-arginine and L-[5-13C-3,3,4,4-2H4]-citrulline were infused intravenously and L-[15N]-phenylalanine and L-[1-13C]leucine enterally. Arterial blood was sampled every hour. RESULTS Coefficients of variation, representing intra-individual variability, of the amino acid appearances of phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and citrulline were high, on average 14-19% for intravenous tracers and 23-26% for enteral tracers. No evident circadian rhythm was present. The pattern and overall 24-h level of whole body protein balance differed per individual. CONCLUSIONS In continuously fed stable critically ill children, the amino acid appearances of phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and citrulline show high variability. This should be kept in mind when performing stable isotope studies in this population. There was no apparent circadian rhythm. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTER NCT01511354 on clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn T I de Betue
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Xiomara C Garcia Casal
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology & Critical Care Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Dick A van Waardenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen M Schexnayder
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology & Critical Care Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Koen F M Joosten
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Department of Geriatrics, Center of Translational Research on Aging and Longevity Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Marielle P K J Engelen
- Department of Geriatrics, Center of Translational Research on Aging and Longevity Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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20
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Haufe S, Witt H, Engeli S, Kaminski J, Utz W, Fuhrmann JC, Rein D, Schulz-Menger J, Luft FC, Boschmann M, Jordan J. Branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, insulin resistance and liver specific ectopic fat storage in overweight to obese subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:637-642. [PMID: 27134061 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Amino acids may interfere with insulin action, particularly in obese individuals. We hypothesized that increased circulating branched-chain and aromatic amino acids herald insulin resistance and ectopic fat storage, particularly hepatic fat accumulation. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured fasting branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) by mass spectrometry in 111 overweight to obese subjects. We applied abdominal magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to assess adipose tissue distribution and ectopic fat storage, respectively. Plasma branched-chain amino acids concentrations were related to insulin sensitivity and intrahepatic fat independent from adiposity, age and gender, but not to abdominal adipose tissue or intramyocellular fat. CONCLUSIONS In weight stable overweight and obese individuals, branched-chain amino acid concentrations are specifically associated with hepatic fat storage and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haufe
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Witt
- Metanomics Health GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Engeli
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Kaminski
- Franz Volhard Clinical Research Center at the Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medical School and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Utz
- Working Group Cardiac MRI, Clinic for Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Germany; University Medicine Berlin, Charité Campus Buch, and Experimental and Clinical Research Centre Berlin, Germany
| | | | - D Rein
- Metanomics Health GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Schulz-Menger
- Working Group Cardiac MRI, Clinic for Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Germany; University Medicine Berlin, Charité Campus Buch, and Experimental and Clinical Research Centre Berlin, Germany
| | - F C Luft
- Franz Volhard Clinical Research Center at the Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medical School and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Boschmann
- Franz Volhard Clinical Research Center at the Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medical School and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Jordan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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21
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Kritmetapak K, Peerapornratana S, Srisawat N, Somlaw N, Lakananurak N, Dissayabutra T, Phonork C, Leelahavanichkul A, Tiranathanagul K, Susantithapong P, Loaveeravat P, Suwachittanont N, Wirotwan TO, Praditpornsilpa K, Tungsanga K, Eiam-Ong S, Kittiskulnam P. The Impact of Macro-and Micronutrients on Predicting Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients Requiring Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156634. [PMID: 27352307 PMCID: PMC4924859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) who receive renal replacement therapy (RRT) have very high mortality rate. During RRT, there are markedly loss of macro- and micronutrients which may cause malnutrition and result in impaired renal recovery and patient survival. We aimed to examine the predictive role of macro- and micronutrients on survival and renal outcomes in critically ill patients undergoing continuous RRT (CRRT). This prospective observational study enrolled critically ill patients requiring CRRT at Intensive Care Unit of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from November 2012 until November 2013. The serum, urine, and effluent fluid were serially collected on the first three days to calculate protein metabolism including dietary protein intake (DPI), nitrogen balance, and normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR). Serum zinc, selenium, and copper were measured for micronutrients analysis on the first three days of CRRT. Survivor was defined as being alive on day 28 after initiation of CRRT.Dialysis status on day 28 was also determined. Of the 70 critically ill patients requiring CRRT, 27 patients (37.5%) survived on day 28. The DPI and serum albumin of survivors were significantly higher than non-survivors (0.8± 0.2 vs 0.5 ±0.3g/kg/day, p = 0.001, and 3.2±0.5 vs 2.9±0.5 g/dL, p = 0.03, respectively) while other markers were comparable. The DPI alone predicted patient survival with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.69. A combined clinical model predicted survival with AUC of 0.78. When adjusted for differences in albumin level, clinical severity score (APACHEII and SOFA score), and serum creatinine at initiation of CRRT, DPI still independently predicted survival (odds ratio 4.62, p = 0.009). The serum levels of micronutrients in both groups were comparable and unaltered following CRRT. Regarding renal outcome, patients in the dialysis independent group had higher serum albumin levels than the dialysis dependent group, p = 0.01. In conclusion, in critically ill patients requiring CRRT, DPI is a good predictor of patient survival while serum albumin is a good prognosticator of renal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittrawee Kritmetapak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Konkaen University, Konkaen, Thailand
| | - Sadudee Peerapornratana
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattachai Srisawat
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicha Somlaw
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narisorn Lakananurak
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thasinas Dissayabutra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chayanat Phonork
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Konkaen University, Konkaen, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khajohn Tiranathanagul
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paweena Susantithapong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Passisd Loaveeravat
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattachai Suwachittanont
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thaksa-on Wirotwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kearkiat Praditpornsilpa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kriang Tungsanga
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Eiam-Ong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyawan Kittiskulnam
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Muscle wasting is dramatic in critically ill patients and related to worsened outcome. The question is whether this can be prevented or reduced by adequate protein feeding. Recommendations for protein requirements are different between different societies, because of limited and weak evidence. Most studies, on which these recommendations are based, use nitrogen balance as primary outcome. However, nitrogen balance to estimate protein needs over short periods, is not reliable. RECENT FINDINGS Studies using tracer methodology to assess the effects of feeding on whole-body protein synthesis, breakdown and balance, show that both adult and pediatric critically ill patients can utilize parenterally and enterally given proteins or amino acids to build body protein, and that the extra amino acids are not oxidized. SUMMARY Recent studies show a positive correlation between protein intake and protein balance, with many patients reaching a positive protein balance. However, many questions remain. Especially whether adult patients should have a constant positive protein balance, whether the route of administration affects utilization, which proteins are synthesized and whether these are beneficial, is more protein better and what is the upper limit, and whether a positive protein balance affects clinical outcome?
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Liebau
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Hall JA, Yerramilli M, Obare E, Yerramilli M, Panickar KS, Bobe G, Jewell DE. Nutritional Interventions that Slow the Age-Associated Decline in Renal Function in a Canine Geriatric Model for Elderly Humans. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:1010-1023. [PMID: 27925141 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of feeding traditional and renal protective foods (RPF) supplemented with functional food bioactives on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), lean body percent (LB%), and selected circulating biomarker and metabolite concentrations in a geriatric dog model. DESIGN Randomized block design and cross-sectional study. SETTING Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. dog colony. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-one geriatric dogs (mean age, 10.4; range, 7.9-14.2 years) and 30 mature-adult dogs (mean age, 5.0; range, 3.3-6.9 years). INTERVENTION Geriatric dogs were fed one of three foods (n = 27 per group) for 6 months: a traditional RPF (control) that was energy dense and mildly protein-restricted, or control food supplemented with increasing amounts of functional food bioactives: fish oil, lipoic acid, fruits and vegetables, and higher quality protein sources [functional foods one (FF1) and two (FF2)]. Geriatric dogs were compared before and after the feeding trial with mature adult dogs. MEASUREMENTS Renal function was assessed by GFR, LB% was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and circulating biomarkers and metabolites were measured in blood. RESULTS Before the feeding trial, GFR (+28.2%), LB% (+18.6%), and serum total protein (+10.0%) were higher in mature versus healthy geriatric dogs (all P<0.001). Geriatric dogs consuming all three foods increased (P<0.001) GFR over time; group averages ranged from 13.0-16.9%. Dogs fed the highest supplemented level of bioactives (FF2) had lower (P<0.001) symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations (-14.3%). Feeding functional foods did not alter body weight, but increased (P<0.001) serum protein concentration (+6.7%). CONCLUSION Supplementation with functional food bioactives can temporarily reverse the age-associated decline in renal function and serum total protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- Jean A. Hall, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Dryden Hall 206, Corvallis, OR 97331-4802. Phone (541) 737-6537; FAX (541) 737-2730; E-mail
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Milan AM, D'Souza RF, Pundir S, Pileggi CA, Thorstensen EB, Barnett MPG, Markworth JF, Cameron-Smith D, Mitchell CJ. Older Adults Have Delayed Amino Acid Absorption after a High Protein Mixed Breakfast Meal. J Nutr Health Aging 2015; 19:839-45. [PMID: 26412288 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure the postprandial plasma amino acid appearance in younger and older adults following a high protein mixed meal. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Clinical research setting. PARTICIPANTS Healthy men and women aged 60-75 (n=15) years, and young controls aged 20-25 years (n=15) matched for body mass index and insulin sensitivity based on the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. INTERVENTION High protein mixed meal of complete food products. MEASUREMENTS Circulating amino acid concentrations were determined hourly before and for 5 hours after meal ingestion. RESULTS There was no difference between cohorts in postprandial appearance of non-essential amino acids, or area under the curve of any individual amino acid or amino acid class. However, older adults had higher baseline concentrations of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, ornithine, threonine and tyrosine and lower baseline concentrations of hydroxyproline, isoleucine, leucine, methionine and valine compared to younger adults. Younger adults showed peak essential (EAA) and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations at 1 hour post meal while older adults' peak EAA and BCAA concentration was at 3 hours. Similarly, peak total amino acid concentrations were at 3 hours in older adults. CONCLUSION Older adults digested and absorbed the protein within a mixed meal more slowly than younger adults. Delayed absorption of AA following a mixed meal of complete food products may suppress or delay protein synthesis in senescent muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Milan
- Cameron Mitchell, The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand. Tel: +64 (09) 9236606, Fax: (+64 9) 373 7039,
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25
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Szpetnar M, Matras P, Boguszewska-Czubara A, Kiełczykowska M, Rudzki S, Musik I. Is additional enrichment of diet in branched-chain amino acids or glutamine beneficial for patients receiving total parenteral nutrition after gastrointestinal cancer surgery? ADV CLIN EXP MED 2014; 23:423-31. [PMID: 24979515 DOI: 10.17219/acem/37140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is necessary in patients unable to receive oral or enteral feeding for a period of at least 7 days. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA): valine (Val), leucine (Leu), and isoleucine (Ile) are essential amino acids, which are important regulators in protein metabolism. They are also the main nitrogen source for glutamine synthesis in muscles. In this process they undergo irreversible degradation and cannot be reutilised for protein synthesis. In catabolic states, like cancers, glutamine demand increases and therefore also its utilisation, which can decrease the level of BCAA required for Gln synthesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the necessity of BCAA or glutamine-enriched TPN in patients after gastrointestinal cancers surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Our aim was to investigate changes of plasma BCAA and glutamine concentrations in patients operated for colorectal, small intestine or pancreatic cancer and who are either receiving TPN or not in the postoperative period. Free amino acids plasma concentrations were determined by the ion-exchange chromatography. RESULTS Surgery in the control group caused a decrease in Val, Ile and Leu concentrations in the postoperative period. In TPN patients this depression was inhibited beginning from the third day after surgery, except for Val and Leu in colorectal cancer group. In control and TPN patient groups, Gln concentration decreased after the surgery and subsequently increased beginning from the third day after the operation. CONCLUSIONS Gastrointestinal cancer patients' surgery results in decrease in BCAA concentrations. Standard TPN exerts a beneficial effect on the BCAA level in patients with pancreatic and small intestine cancer. In colorectal cancer such TPN should be enriched with Leu and Val.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Szpetnar
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemysław Matras
- 1st Chair and Department of General and Transplant Surgery and Nutritional Treatment, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Sławomir Rudzki
- 1st Chair and Department of General and Transplant Surgery and Nutritional Treatment, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Irena Musik
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Vallianou NG, Bountziouka VP, Georgousopoulou E, Evangelopoulos AA, Bonou MS, Vogiatzakis ED, Barbetseas JD, Avgerinos PC, Panagiotakos DB. Influence of protein intake from haem and non-haem animals and plant origin on inflammatory biomarkers among apparently-healthy adults in Greece. J Health Popul Nutr 2013; 31:446-54. [PMID: 24592585 PMCID: PMC3905638 DOI: 10.3329/jhpn.v31i4.19992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Intake of different types of protein may be associated with differences in biomarkers among various populations. This work investigated the influence of protein intake from haem and non-haem animals as well as protein from plants on haematological and biochemical parameters in inflammation among apparently-healthy adults living in Greece, a Mediterranean country. Four hundred and ninety apparently-healthy subjects (46 +/- 16 years, 40% men), who consecutively visited Polykliniki General Hospital for routine examinations, voluntarily agreed to participate in the study (participation rate 85%). Demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics were recorded. Participants completed a valid, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Protein intake was classified into three sources: protein from haem animals, protein from non-haem animals, and protein from plant origin. Fasting blood samples were taken from all participants; uric acid, creatinine, lipids, cystatin C, haptoglobin, haemoglobin, haematocrit, iron, ferritin, white blood cells, monocytes, platelets, and C-reactive protein were measured. Protein intake from only haem animals was associated with increased haemoglobin and haematocrit levels (p < 0.05) whereas intake of protein from non-haem animals and plant origin was not associated with the investigated haematological and biochemical markers of low-grade chronic inflammation when lifestyle factors and overall dietary habits were taken into account. Intake of protein from only haem animals seems to be consistently associated with haematological markers. The confounding role of dietary habits and lifestyle variables on the tested parameters deserves further attention in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ekavi Georgousopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Maggio M, De Vita F, Lauretani F, Buttò V, Bondi G, Cattabiani C, Nouvenne A, Meschi T, Dall’Aglio E, Ceda GP. IGF-1, the cross road of the nutritional, inflammatory and hormonal pathways to frailty. Nutrients 2013; 5:4184-205. [PMID: 24152751 PMCID: PMC3820068 DOI: 10.3390/nu5104184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The decline in functional capacity is a heterogeneous phenomenon in the elderly. An accelerated ageing determines a frail status. It results in an increased vulnerability to stressors for decreased physiological reserves. The early identification of a frail status is essential for preventing loss of functional capacity, and its clinical consequences. Frailty and mobility limitation result from an interplay of different pathways including multiple anabolic deficiency, inflammation, oxidative stress, and a poor nutritional status. However, the age-related decline in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioactivity deserves special attention as it could represent the ideal crossroad of endocrine, inflammatory, and nutritional pathways to frailty. Several minerals, namely magnesium, selenium, and zinc, appear to be important determinants of IGF-1 bioactivity. This review aims to provide an overview of the potential usefulness of nutrients modulating IGF-1 as potential therapeutic targets in the prevention of mobility limitation occurring in frail older subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maggio
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, Parma (PR) 43126, Italy; E-Mails: (F.V.); (F.L.); (A.N.); (G.P.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, Parma (PR) 43126, Italy; E-Mails: (V.B.); (G.B.); (T.M.); (E.D.A.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +0039-0521-703-916; Fax: +0039-0521-987-562
| | - Francesca De Vita
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, Parma (PR) 43126, Italy; E-Mails: (F.V.); (F.L.); (A.N.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Fulvio Lauretani
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, Parma (PR) 43126, Italy; E-Mails: (F.V.); (F.L.); (A.N.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Valeria Buttò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, Parma (PR) 43126, Italy; E-Mails: (V.B.); (G.B.); (T.M.); (E.D.A.)
| | - Giuliana Bondi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, Parma (PR) 43126, Italy; E-Mails: (V.B.); (G.B.); (T.M.); (E.D.A.)
| | - Chiara Cattabiani
- Azienda USL Piacenza, Via Taverna, 49, Piacenza (PC) 23121, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Antonio Nouvenne
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, Parma (PR) 43126, Italy; E-Mails: (F.V.); (F.L.); (A.N.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Tiziana Meschi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, Parma (PR) 43126, Italy; E-Mails: (V.B.); (G.B.); (T.M.); (E.D.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Dall’Aglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, Parma (PR) 43126, Italy; E-Mails: (V.B.); (G.B.); (T.M.); (E.D.A.)
| | - Gian Paolo Ceda
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, Parma (PR) 43126, Italy; E-Mails: (F.V.); (F.L.); (A.N.); (G.P.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, Parma (PR) 43126, Italy; E-Mails: (V.B.); (G.B.); (T.M.); (E.D.A.)
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Geukers VG, Li Z, Ackermans MT, Bos AP, Jinfeng L, Sauerwein HP. High-carbohydrate/low-protein-induced hyperinsulinemia does not improve protein balance in children after cardiac surgery. Nutrition 2012; 28:644-50. [PMID: 22261573 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In pediatric cardiac surgery, fluid-restricted low-protein (LoProt) diets account for cumulative protein deficits with increased morbidity. In this setting, we aimed to inhibit proteolysis by a high-carbohydrate (HiCarb)-intake-induced hyperinsulinemia and improve protein balance. METHODS The effect of a HiCarb/LoProt (glucose 10 mg · kg(-1) · min(-1)/protein 0.7 g · kg(-1) · d(-1)) versus a normal-carbohydrate (NormCarb)/LoProt (glucose 7.5 mg · kg(-1) · min(-1)/protein 0.3 g · kg(-1) · d(-1)) enteral diet on whole-body protein breakdown and balance was compared in a prospective, randomized, single-blinded trial in 24 children after cardiac surgery. On the second postoperative day, plasma insulin and amino acid concentrations, protein breakdown (endogenous rate of appearance of valine), protein synthesis (non-oxidative disposal of valine), protein balance, and the rate of appearance of urea were measured by using an isotopic infusion of [1-(13)C]valine and [(15)N(2)]urea. RESULTS The HiCarb/LoProt diet led to a serum insulin concentration that was three times higher than the NormCarb/LoProt diet (596 pmol/L, 80-1833, and 198 pmol/L, 76-1292, respectively, P = 0.02), without differences in plasma glucose concentrations. There were no differences in plasma amino acid concentrations, non-oxidative disposal of valine, and endogenous rate of appearance of valine between the groups, with a negative valine balance in the two groups (-0.65 μmol · kg(-1) · min(-1), -1.91 to 0.01, and -0.58 μmol · kg(-1) · min(-1), -2.32 to -0.07, respectively, P = 0.71). The serum cortisol concentration in the HiCarb/LoProt group was lower compared with the NormCarb/LoProt group (204 nmol/L, 50-544, and 532 nmol/L, 108-930, respectively, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION In children with fluid restriction after cardiac surgery, a HiCarb/LoProt diet compared with a NormCarb/LoProt diet stimulates insulin secretion but does not inhibit proteolysis further and therefore cannot be advocated for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent G Geukers
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Noori N, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kovesdy CP, Bross R, Benner D, Kopple JD. Association of dietary phosphorus intake and phosphorus to protein ratio with mortality in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 5:683-92. [PMID: 20185606 PMCID: PMC2849686 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.08601209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Epidemiologic studies show an association between higher predialysis serum phosphorus and increased death risk in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. The hypothesis that higher dietary phosphorus intake and higher phosphorus content per gram of dietary protein intake are each associated with increased mortality in MHD patients was examined. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Food frequency questionnaires were used to conduct a cohort study to examine the survival predictability of dietary phosphorus and the ratio of phosphorus to protein intake. At the start of the cohort, Cox proportional hazard regression was used in 224 MHD patients, who were followed for up to 5 years (2001 to 2006). RESULTS Both higher dietary phosphorus intake and a higher dietary phosphorus to protein ratio were associated with significantly increased death hazard ratios (HR) in the unadjusted models and after incremental adjustments for case-mix, diet, serum phosphorus, malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome, and inflammatory markers. The HR of the highest (compared with lowest) dietary phosphorus intake tertile in the fully adjusted model was 2.37. Across categories of dietary phosphorus to protein ratios of <12, 12 to <14, 14 to <16, and > or =16 mg/g, death HRs were 1.13, 1.00 (reference value), 1.80, and 1.99, respectively. Cubic spline models of the survival analyses showed similar incremental associations. CONCLUSIONS Higher dietary phosphorus intake and higher dietary phosphorus to protein ratios are each associated with increased death risk in MHD patients, even after adjustments for serum phosphorus, phosphate binders and their types, and dietary protein, energy, and potassium intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Noori
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology and
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology and
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and the UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Rachelle Bross
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | | | - Joel D. Kopple
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology and
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and the UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Willis
- Imperial College Kidney and Transplant Institute, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS
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31
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Bourrilhon C, Lepers R, Philippe M, Beers PV, Chennaoui M, Drogou C, Beauvieux MC, Burnat P, Guezennec CY, Gomez-Merino D. Influence of protein- versus carbohydrate-enriched feedings on physiological responses during an ultraendurance climbing race. Horm Metab Res 2010; 42:31-7. [PMID: 19821225 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1237727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated effects of a high protein (PROT) versus a high carbohydrate (CHO) diet on performance and physiological responses during an ultraendurance climbing race at moderate altitude. On two different periods, in a randomised crossover design, ten climbers (30.0+/-0.9 years) participated in the race (duration 29 h approximately, energy expenditure 43.6+/-1.2 MJ.day (-1)) and were fed either with the PROT (30% protein content) or the CHO diet (68% carbohydrate) each providing 16.74 MJ. Mental performance was assessed by the Stroop test and we estimated maximal voluntary strength of quadriceps muscle. We quantified metabolic and hormonal circulating concentrations. Mental performance was unaffected after the two races, while muscular performance and body weight were decreased (both p<0.01) with no diet effects. Decreases were measured for IGF-I concentration and its binding protein IGFBP-3 (p<0.001), and increases for cortisol and norepinephrine (p<0.01) with no diet effects. Glucose concentration decreased (p<0.05) without diet effects, while amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine, and tyrosine) decreased in CHO group (p<0.001). Leptin concentration decreased (p<0.001) without diet effects, whereas total ghrelin increased in CHO group (p<0.01). Our results showed that a high PROT or high CHO intake during physical exertion at moderate altitude maintained mental performance, but did not limit muscle force reduction and body weight loss. There was decreased glucose availability, and hormonal responses indicated both catabolism and extreme energy deficiency induced by exercise with opposite responses of ghrelin and leptin. The ghrelin response was additionally indicative of macronutrient intake during the race.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bourrilhon
- Department of Physiology, IMASSA, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
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Ozel HG, Kucukkasap T, Koksal G, Sivri HSK, Dursun A, Tokatli A, Coskun T. Does maternal knowledge impact blood phenylalanine concentration in Turkish children with phenylketonuria? J Inherit Metab Dis 2008; 31 Suppl 2:S213-7. [PMID: 18581253 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-008-0775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the level of maternal knowledge and the blood phenylalanine (Phe) control in phenylketonuria (PKU; OMIM 261600). The study was conducted on 144 children (81 boys, 63 girls) with PKU, aged between 1 and 15 years, at Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Metabolism and Nutrition Unit. All subjects were treated with a low-Phe diet using a Phe-exchange system. A 20-question multiple-choice questionnaire was applied to the mothers to determine their knowledge about PKU and its dietary treatment. Questions in the test consisted of the knowledge about the disease (6 questions), general dietary knowledge (14 questions) and knowledge about specific exchange within the dietary questions (6 questions). The median blood Phe concentration for the previous 3-year period was used as an indicator of metabolic control. Eighty-seven children had a median blood Phe concentration above the MRC Working Party Guidelines. There was a negative correlation between maternal knowledge about exchange and median blood Phe concentration in the child (p<0.05). Maternal knowledge about a standard 15 mg Phe exchange system is correlated with dietary compliance as measured by blood Phe concentrations in our subjects. We would like to implement an easier method of measuring Phe exchanges to improve dietary knowledge in the mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gokmen Ozel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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Sato K, Iwai K, Aito-Inoue M. Identification of food-derived bioactive peptides in blood and other biological samples. J AOAC Int 2008; 91:995-1001. [PMID: 18727561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of food-derived peptides in human blood after ingestion of enzymatic hydrolysates of food proteins, while most peptides in food are degraded into amino acids during digestion and absorption. To capture and clarify the food-derived peptides in blood, solid-phase extraction (SPE) using a mini-spin column packed with a strong cation exchanger was developed. This technique allows the use of a nonvolatile acid such as trichloroacetic acid, a strong protein denaturant, for the deproteinizing procedure. To improve resolution of hydrophilic peptide and increase specificity and sensitivity in the detection of peptide by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) after subfractionation by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), peptides are derivatized with phenyl isothiocyanate. The resultant phenyl thiocarbamyl (PTC)-peptides can be resolved with high resolution and sensitivity by RP-HPLC. By comparing chromatograms of PTC derivatives from blood before and after ingestion of a peptide sample, food-derived peptide can be detected. The isolated PTC-peptide can be applied to a peptide sequencer based on the Edman degradation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sato
- Kyoto Prefectural University, Department of Food Sciences and Nutritional Health, Shimogamo Hangi-Cho 1-5, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
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Thalacker-Mercer AE, Fleet JC, Craig BA, Carnell NS, Campbell WW. Inadequate protein intake affects skeletal muscle transcript profiles in older humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:1344-52. [PMID: 17490972 PMCID: PMC2447912 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate dietary protein intake causes adverse changes in the morphology and function of skeletal muscle. These changes may be reflected in early alterations in muscle messenger RNA levels. OBJECTIVE This study assessed whether inadequate protein intake differentially affects skeletal muscle transcript concentrations and expression profiles in older adults. DESIGN Twenty-one older men and women (aged 55-80 y) consumed controlled diets that provided 1.2 g protein x kg(-1) x d(-1) (adequate protein) for 1 wk and then were randomly assigned to consume either 0.5 g protein x kg(-1) x d(-1) [inadequate protein (IP) group; n=11] or 1.2 g protein x kg(-1) x d(-1) (control group; n=10) for a second week. RNA was isolated from fasting-state vastus lateralis biopsy samples obtained at the end of each period, and transcript levels in the IP group were measured by using microarray analysis. Changes in selected transcript levels were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in both groups. RESULTS Analysis of variance showed 529 differentially expressed transcripts (P<0.05) after inadequate protein intake. Using the false discovery rate (FDR) correction to adjust for multiple comparisons, we observed that 85 transcripts were differentially expressed: 54 were up-regulated and 31 were down-regulated. The differentially expressed transcripts were in functional classes for immune, inflammatory, and stress responses (predominantly up-regulated); contraction, movement, and development (up-regulated); extracellular connective tissue (up-regulated); energy metabolism (down-regulated); protein synthesis (down-regulated); and proliferation (down-regulated). Diet-related differences in the expression of 9 transcripts were cross-validated by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSION The results document changes in skeletal muscle transcript levels induced by short-term inadequate protein intakes in older humans that might precede adverse metabolic, functional, and structural events, including muscle wasting.
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Rémond D, Machebeuf M, Yven C, Buffière C, Mioche L, Mosoni L, Patureau Mirand P. Postprandial whole-body protein metabolism after a meat meal is influenced by chewing efficiency in elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:1286-92. [PMID: 17490964 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of protein digestion affects protein utilization in elderly subjects. Although meat is a widely consumed protein source, little is known of its digestion rate and how it can be affected by the chewing capacity of elderly subjects. OBJECTIVES We used a [1-(13)C]leucine balance with a single-meal protocol to assess the absorption rate of meat protein and to estimate the utilization of meat protein in elderly subjects with different chewing efficiency. DESIGN Twenty elderly volunteers aged 60-75 y were involved in the study. Ten of them had healthy natural dentition, and the other 10 were edentulous and wore complete dentures. Whole-body fluxes of leucine, before and after the meal (120 g beef meat), were measured with the use of a [1-(13)C]leucine intravenous infusion. RESULTS A rapid increase in plasma aminoacidemia and plasma leucine entry rate was observed after meat intake in dentate subjects. In complete denture wearers the increase in leucine entry rate was delayed (P<0.05), and the amount of leucine appearing in peripheral blood during the whole postprandial period was lower than in dentate subjects (P<0.01). Postprandial whole-body protein synthesis was lower in denture wearers than in dentate subjects (30% compared with 48% of leucine intake, respectively; P<0.05). CONCLUSION Meat proteins could be classified as fast digested proteins. However, this property depends on the chewing capacity of elderly subjects. This study showed that meat protein utilization for protein synthesis can be impaired by a decrease in the chewing efficiency of elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Rémond
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Clermont-Ferrand-Theix, Saint Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Anlasik T, Sies H, Griffiths HR, Mecocci P, Stahl W, Polidori MC. Dietary habits are major determinants of the plasma antioxidant status in healthy elderly subjects. Br J Nutr 2007; 94:639-42. [PMID: 16277763 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that regular consumption of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower risk for age-related diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the often-reported age-related decrease of plasma antioxidants in man depends on differences in dietary intake or on other age- and gender-related factors. In this observational case-control study, thirty-nine community-dwelling healthy subjects aged 65 years and older consuming high intakes of fruits and vegetables daily (HI) and forty-eight healthy subjects aged 65 and older consuming low intakes of fruit and vegetables daily (LI) were enrolled. Plasma levels of retinol, tocopherols, carotenoids and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as content of protein carbonyls in Ig G were measured. Plasma levels of retinol, tocopherols and carotenoids were significantly higher in group HI than in group LI subjects independent of age and gender. MDA levels were inversely correlated with vitamin A and α-carotene. Protein carbonyls were inversely correlated with γ-tocopherol. In the elderly, a higher daily intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with an improved antioxidant status in comparison to subjects consuming diets poor in fruits and vegetables. Modification of nutritional habits among other lifestyle changes should be encouraged to lower prevalence of disease risk factors in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Anlasik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ouguerram K, Maugeais C, Gardette J, Magot T, Krempf M. Effect of n-3 fatty acids on metabolism of apoB100-containing lipoprotein in type 2 diabetic subjects. Br J Nutr 2007; 96:100-6. [PMID: 16869997 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20061806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of long-chain n-3 PUFA on the metabolism of apoB100-containing lipoprotein in diabetic subjects is not fully understood. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of a daily intake of 1080 mg EPA and 720 mg DHA for diabetic subjects on the kinetics of apoB100-containing lipoprotein in the fasting state. A kinetic study was undertaken to determine the mechanisms involved in the effects of n-3 fatty acids in terms of a decrease in triacylglycerol level in type 2 diabetic patients. We have studied the effect of fish oils on the metabolism of apoB100 endogenously labelled by [5,5,5-2H3]-leucine in type 2 diabetic patients in the fasting state. The kinetic parameters of apoB100 in VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein and LDL were determined by compartmental modelling in five diabetic subjects before and 8 weeks after n-3 fatty acid treatment. Treatment did not change the plasma cholesterol level (0.801 (sd 0.120) v. 0.793 (sd 0.163) mmol/l) but lowered the plasma triacylglycerol level (1.776 (sd 0.280) v.1.356 (sd 0.595) mmol/l; P < 0.05). Treated patients showed a decrease in VLDL apoB100 concentration (0.366 (sd 0.030) v.0.174 (sd 0.036) g/l; P < 0.05) related to a decrease in VLDL 1 production (1.49 (sd 0.23) v.0.44 (sd 0.19) mg/kg per h; P < 0.05) and an increase in the VLDL conversion rate (0.031 (sd 0.024) v.0.052 (sd 0.040) per h; P < 0.05), with no change in fractional catabolic rates. Treatment led to a higher direct production of intermediate-density lipoprotein (0.02 (sd 0.01) v.0.24 (sd 0.12) mg/kg per h; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study, conducted in the fasting state, showed that supplementation with n-3 fatty acids in type 2 diabetic patients induced beneficial changes in the metabolism of apoB100-containing lipoprotein.
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Abstract
Between April 1999 and March 2004, metabolic profile analyses were performed on individual blood samples from 35,506 dairy cattle in the UK. Assessment of the cows' energy status by the analysis of plasma samples for beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and non-esterified fatty acids showed that 70.4 per cent of the cows in early lactation (10 to 20 days calved), 57.1 per cent of the cows in mid-lactation (51 to 120 days calved) and 57.7 per cent of the dry cows within 10 days of their predicted calving date had one or more energy metabolites outside the optimum range; in addition, 16 per cent of the cows in early lactation, 5.6 per cent of those in mid-lactation and 20.5 per cent of the dry cows within 10 days of their predicted calving date had a low plasma urea nitrogen concentration, indicating poor intakes of effective rumen-degradable protein. Abnormalities in the concentrations of magnesium, inorganic phosphate, copper, selenium and iodine were relatively uncommon. The transitional period, particularly in late pregnancy, was commonly identified as a constraint on productivity. Nutritional problems were most commonly associated with poor feed intakes and poor feed management, rather than with the formulation of the rations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Macrae
- Dairy Herd Health and Productivity Service, Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG
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Aito-Inoue M, Ohtsuki K, Nakamura Y, Park EY, Iwai K, Morimatsu F, Sato K. Improvement in isolation and identification of food-derived peptides in human plasma based on precolumn derivatization of peptides with phenyl isothiocyanate. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:5261-6. [PMID: 16848504 DOI: 10.1021/jf060531s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
For the isolation and detection of food-derived peptides in blood, an approach based on the derivatization of peptides with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) was developed. This approach allows hydrophilic peptides to be resolved and specifically detected by reversed-phase (RP) HPLC. For the rapid capturing and clarification of peptides in human plasma, solid-phase extraction by using a mini spin column (5 mmx5 mm) packed with a strong cation exchanger was used. The clarified peptide fraction was further fractionated by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The peptides in the SEC fractions were derivatized with PITC, and the derivatives were resolved by RP-HPLC by using an ammonium acetate buffer or a trifluoroacetic acid system. An automatic peptide sequencer based on Edman degradation with a modified program can directly analyze the resolved derivatives. Some synthetic peptides and food-derived peptides in human plasma were successfully isolated and identified by this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Aito-Inoue
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutritional Health, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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Sakly R, Bardaoui M, Neffati F, Moussa A, Zakhama A, Najjar MF, Hammami M. Effect of hyperprotidic diet associated or not with hypercalcic diet on calcium oxalate stone formation in rat. Ann Nutr Metab 2005; 49:132-8. [PMID: 15860912 DOI: 10.1159/000085537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2004] [Accepted: 08/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether protein, administered alone or simultaneously with a hypercalcic diet, was able to aggravate calcium oxalate stone formation in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of 8 rats each and assigned a calcium oxalate lithogenic diet added to their drinking water for 3 weeks. One group, used as reference, received a standard diet prepared in our laboratory. The second was assigned the same diet but supplemented with 7.5 g animal proteins/100 g diet. The third received a diet containing 500 mg calcium more than the standard group. The diet given to the last group was supplemented with calcium and protein at the same doses indicated previously. One day before the end of treatment, each animal was placed in a metabolic cage to collect 24-hour urine samples and determine urinary creatinine, urea, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid, citric acid and oxalate levels. Immediately thereafter, aortic blood was collected to determine the same parameters as in urine. The kidneys were also removed to determine calcium oxalate deposits. Our results showed an increased 24-hour urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate and uric acid and decreased urinary citric acid excretion only in groups that received protein supplementation. At the same time, calcium oxalate deposits were found significantly higher in hyperprotidic diets than reference or calcium-supplemented groups. According to these findings, glomerular filtration, fractional excretion of urea and reabsorption of water, calcium and magnesium were found significantly lower in hyperprotidic diets compared to other groups. These results demonstrate that proteins could seriously aggravate calcium oxalate stones and cause renal disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sakly
- UR/0839, Faculté de Médecine, Monastir, Tunisia.
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41
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases of decreased international normalized ratio (INR) after initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. CASE SUMMARIES: Case 1. A 67-year-old white woman had been receiving warfarin for 3 years for venous thromboembolism. After initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet, the patient required a 22.2% increase (from 45 to 57.5 mg/wk) in warfarin dose. Her INR remained in the therapeutic range on this dose for 8 weeks. When the patient stopped the high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet, a decrease back to the original warfarin dose was required to return to a therapeutic INR. Case 2. A 58-year-old white man had been receiving warfarin for 8 years for a cerebrovascular accident. Initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet resulted in a 30% increase (from 26.25 to 37.5 mg/wk) in warfarin dose. His warfarin dose was reduced to the original dose after he stopped the high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. DISCUSSION: The Naranjo probability scale indicated a possible adverse effect between warfarin and high-protein diets. High-protein diets have been shown to increase serum albumin levels. This may result in more warfarin binding to serum albumin, thereby decreasing the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. The increase of albumin occurs rapidly after initiation of a high-protein diet and appears to promptly affect anticoagulation therapy with warfarin. CONCLUSIONS: These cases indicate a significant interaction between high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets and warfarin therapy. Patients receiving warfarin therapy should be educated on and monitored for the potential interaction that occurs with warfarin therapy and high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Beatty
- Emphasis in Community Care, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1291, USA
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Huang SY, Chiu CC, Shen WW, Chang HC, Wu PL, Su KP. Hypoalbuminemia in drug-free patients with major depressive disorder compared with a dietary matched control group: a clinical meaning beyond malnutrition. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2005; 15:227-30. [PMID: 15695069 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2004.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2004] [Revised: 10/27/2004] [Accepted: 10/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Serum albumin (sALB) is routinely determined in blood tests and is an excellent predictor of risk for many medical illnesses. Hypoalbuminemia has been sporadically reported in patients with psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. We compared sALB levels between 19 drug-free patients of major depressive disorder with a control group of matching diets. We conducted this study by controlling the nutrition factor by assessing patient's diets, as well as other possible confounding factors such as sex, age, body mass index (BMI), liver function, and exercise, while focusing on hypoalbuminemia in patients with major depressive disorder. There is no difference in age, gender distribution, and dietary frequency on protein and albumin intake between the patient and control group. The sALB levels of the group with major depressive disorder were significantly reduced (p=0.049). The severity of depression is negatively correlated to the sALB level (r=-0.46, p=0.04). Hypoalbuminemia has clinical meanings on severity of depression and is independent of malnutrition. However, our results can only be seen as very preliminary and should be confirmed by larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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Simon N, Gantcheva R, Bruguerolle B, Viallet F. The effects of a normal protein diet on levodopa plasma kinetics in advanced Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2004; 10:137-42. [PMID: 15036167 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2003.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2003] [Revised: 10/20/2003] [Accepted: 10/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
LevoDOPA given orally may compete with the neutral aminoacids contained in food for its absorption in the small intestine. LevoDOPA plasma kinetics of the morning intake with 'french' breakfast (low protein content) were compared with those of the noon intake with lunch (normal protein content) in 20 advanced parkinsonian patients (mean disease duration: 10 years). The galenic form and the dosage of levoDOPA were strictly the same for morning and noon intakes in each patient. Blood samplings were collected at T0 (just before intake) and successively at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after intake. LevoDOPA plasma levels were further measured with HPLC method, then giving the following variables: Cmax (peak concentration), Tmax (time corresponding to Cmax), AUC (area under curve). The results showed no significant difference for Cmax and Tmax whereas the AUC was significantly (P < 0.001) increased for the noon intake, due to the trough concentration effect. These data suggest that, since rich protein diet has been shown to impair the clinical effect of LevoDOPA, this protein effect is probably not due to competitive intestinal absorption of LevoDOPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Simon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Faculté de Médecine, 13005 Marseille, France
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Thierry-Palmer M, Cephas S, Cleek T, Sayavongsa P, Arnaud SB. The response of Dahl salt-sensitive and salt-resistant female rats to a space flight model. J Gravit Physiol 2003; 10:39-46. [PMID: 15838988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D metabolism in the Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rat, a model of salt-induced hypertension, differs from that in the Dahl salt-resistant (R) rat. We have tested the hypothesis that differences in vitamin D metabolism would render the Dahl S rat more susceptible than the Dahl R rat to the effects of a space flight model. Dahl female rats were tail suspended (hind limb unloaded) for 28 days, while fed a low salt (3 g/kg sodium chloride) diet. Plasma 25-OHD concentrations of S rats were significantly lower than that of R rats. Plasma 1,25-(OH)2D concentration was 50% lower in unloaded than in loaded S rats, but was unaffected in unloaded R rats. The left soleus muscle weight and breaking strength of the left femur (torsion test) were 50% and 25% lower in unloaded than in loaded S and R rats. The mineral content of the left femur, however, was significantly lower (by 11%) only in unloaded S rats. We conclude that female S rats are more vulnerable than female R rats to decreases in plasma 1,25-(OH)2D concentration and femur mineral content during hind limb unloading, but equally vulnerable to muscle atrophy and reduced breaking strength of the femur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrtle Thierry-Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA.
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Bychkov VP, Markaryan MV. Metabolic processes in hypokinetic and rehabilitated men. Life Sci Space Res 2003; 14:281-4. [PMID: 12678112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The present paper summarizes the experimental data on influence of antiorthostatic hypokinesia (49 days) and rationalized nutrition during the rehabilitation period (30 days) on metabolic processes. On the basis of these data a well balanced diet is recommended for the rehabilitation period which follows a long-term bed rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Bychkov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, USSR
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46
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Ahmed S, Satter MA, Yamamoto S, Maeda KI, Minato Y, Ota F. Further evidence regarding the effect of dietary protein on oral tolerance against beta-lactoglobulin through Th1-mediated immune response in mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2003; 49:112-9. [PMID: 12887157 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.49.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oral tolerance is a potential strategy for preventing or minimizing aberrant immune responses. Although, oral tolerance has been extensively studied, to date the effects of dietary protein on the induction of oral tolerance are poorly understood. We have previously shown that restricted dietary protein induces oral tolerance to ovalbumin. This study was designed to investigate whether or not such tolerance occurs with beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) instead of ovalbumin (OVA) and if the tolerance resulting from this feeding regimen involves Th1-mediated immune response. Female BALB/c mice fed either 20% or 5% dietary protein were given 5 mg BLG or water orally for four consecutive days and then immunized intraperitoneally (ip) twice with BLG at 3-wk intervals. Oral tolerance induction was compared in BLG-fed and water-fed mice by measuring total IgE, BLG-specific antibodies, footpad reactions, splenocyte proliferation, and cytokine production. When mice were given BLG orally before ip immunization, the Th1-mediated immune responses (production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IgG2a) were significantly reduced, whereas the Th2-mediated immune responses (production of IL-4 and IgG1) were unchanged. The Th1-mediated immune responses were markedly down-regulated in mice fed 5% protein as compared to those in mice fed 20% protein. Moreover, the production of total IgE, BLG-specific IgE, splenocyte proliferation, and footpad reactions were more reduced in mice fed 5% protein than those in mice fed 20% protein. The present study provides evidence that dietary protein plays an important role in the induction of oral tolerance against BLG as the result of, clear down-regulation of Th1 helper activity accompanied by a reduction in IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Ahmed
- Department of Food Microbiology, School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Jenkins DJA, Kendall CWC, Vidgen E, Augustin LSA, Parker T, Faulkner D, Vieth R, Vandenbroucke AC, Josse RG. Effect of high vegetable protein diets on urinary calcium loss in middle-aged men and women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57:376-82. [PMID: 12571674 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2001] [Revised: 05/08/2002] [Accepted: 05/14/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of high-protein diets, which have recently been promoted for their health benefits, on urinary calcium losses and bone turnover in older subjects. DESIGN Randomized controlled cross-over study. SETTING Teaching hospital and university. SUBJECTS Twenty hyperlipidemic men and postmenopausal women (age 56+/-2 y) completed the study. INTERVENTION One-month test and control phases during which subjects consumed equi-energy metabolic diets high in calcium (1578 and 1593 mg/day, respectively). On the test diet 11% of total dietary energy from starch in the control bread was replaced by protein (wheat gluten), resulting in 27% of energy from protein on the test diet vs 16% on the control diet. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Urinary calcium excretion. RESULTS Compared with the control diet, at week 4, the test diet increased mean (+/-s.e.m.) 24 h urinary output of calcium (139+/-15 vs 227+/-21 mg, P=0.004). The treatment difference in urinary calcium loss correlated with the serum anion gap as a marker of metabolic acid production (r=0.57, P=0.011). Serum calcium levels were marginally lower 2.41+/-0.02 vs 2.38+/-0.02 mmol/l (P=0.075), but there was no significant treatment difference in calcium balance, possibly related to the high background calcium intake on both diets. CONCLUSION In the presence of high dietary calcium intakes the vegetable protein gluten does not appear to have a negative effect on calcium balance despite increased urinary calcium loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J A Jenkins
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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48
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Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Animal studies have shown that more than half of the dietary protein intake is used by the gut and that a large proportion of this utilization is devoted to (glyco-)protein synthesis. Recycling of these secretions may play a critical role in the regulation of overall dietary amino acid bioavailability. METHODS Four piglets (age 32 days, 8-10 kg) bearing portal, arterial, and duodenal catheters and a portal flow probe were infused with a complete diet via the duodenum for 12 hours, followed by 12 hours of fasting. The portal balance of glucose and amino acids was measured throughout the 24-hour period. The animals also received duodenal and intravenous infusions of different lysine and threonine tracers. Measurements of intestinal tracer utilization and reappearance in the portal blood were used to calculate intestinal amino acid utilization and recycling. RESULTS From 0 to 6 hours, one third of the protein intake appeared in the portal blood. As feeding continued, the portal glucose balance (60% of intake) was constant, but the net amino acid portal balance became progressively more positive. Significant net amino acid absorption continued for at least 6 hours after the cessation of feeding. Over 24 hours, 52% of the dietary protein intake appeared in the circulation and one third of this derived from recycled intestinal secretions. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal recycling of amino acids contributes significantly to their systemic availability and may be a critical factor in amino acid nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie R d Van Der Schoor
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Achon M, Alonso-Aperts E, Varela-Moreiras G. High dietary folate supplementation: effects on diet utilization and methionine metabolism in aged rats. J Nutr Health Aging 2002; 6:51-4. [PMID: 11813082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate supplementation or food fortification is being nowadays recommended because of its effect on the prevention of neural tube defects and the lowering of homocysteine levels. We have previously reported a negative effect of high dose folate supplementation on dietary metabolic protein utilization in pregnant and virgin rats. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of such folate supplementation on nutritional and some biochemical markers in aged rats. DESIGN Aged male Wistar rats were given free access either to a folate supplemented diet (40 mg/kg diet) or a control diet (1 mg/kg diet) for 29 days following a week adaptation period. Two critical periods were used for metabolic balance studies (experimental days 1 to 8 and 22 to 29), involving the determination of digestive and metabolic protein utilization. Several biochemical markers involved in the methylation cycle were also determined. RESULTS Data show that long term high folate supplementation reduces nitrogen digestive function in aged rats (P<0,03) during the second metabolic period (days 22 to 29). However, supplementation did not alter metabolic protein utilization. Plasma homocysteine and serum vitamin B6 and B12 levels, hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) concentrations -and thus methylation ratio, SAM/SAH-, were neither affected by folate supplementation. CONCLUSION Folate supplementation at high doses may have a negative effect on diet utilization, related to protein status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Achon
- Sección de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas I, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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Labana S, Bansal RC, Mahmood A. Effects of endosulfan on intestinal functions in protein-malnourished rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2001; 39:1017-21. [PMID: 11883509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In rats fed 18% protein diet, administration of endosulfan (2mg/kg body weight daily for 7 days) significantly decreased the brush border sialic acid and increased the hexoses contents. The intestinal uptake of glucose was increased while that of glycine and calcium was reduced. Brush border enzymes and lipids were not affected. However, in protein malnourished rats (fed 8% protein) exposed to endosulfan, brush border sucrase and peptidase activities were enhanced, while alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased compared to untreated malnourished animals. Membrane sialic acid content was low while fucose and cholesterol levels were augmented in endosulfan fed malnourished animals. The uptake of glucose and glycine was elevated under these conditions. These results Suggest that the nutritional status of the animals has an important bearing on thc susceptibility of intestinal tissue to endosulfan toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Labana
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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