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Grieve LM, Rani A, ZeRuth GT. Downregulation of Glis3 in INS1 cells exposed to chronically elevated glucose contributes to glucotoxicity-associated β cell dysfunction. Islets 2024; 16:2344622. [PMID: 38652652 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2024.2344622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronically elevated levels of glucose are deleterious to pancreatic β cells and contribute to β cell dysfunction, which is characterized by decreased insulin production and a loss of β cell identity. The Krüppel-like transcription factor, Glis3 has previously been shown to positively regulate insulin transcription and mutations within the Glis3 locus have been associated with the development of several pathologies including type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this report, we show that Glis3 is significantly downregulated at the transcriptional level in INS1 832/13 cells within hours of being subjected to high glucose concentrations and that diminished expression of Glis3 is at least partly attributable to increased oxidative stress. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of Glis3 indicated that the transcription factor was required to maintain normal levels of both insulin and MafA expression and reduced Glis3 expression was concomitant with an upregulation of β cell disallowed genes. We provide evidence that Glis3 acts similarly to a pioneer factor at the insulin promoter where it permissively remodels the chromatin to allow access to a transcriptional regulatory complex including Pdx1 and MafA. Finally, evidence is presented that Glis3 can positively regulate MafA transcription through its pancreas-specific promoter and that MafA reciprocally regulates Glis3 expression. Collectively, these results suggest that decreased Glis3 expression in β cells exposed to chronic hyperglycemia may contribute significantly to reduced insulin transcription and a loss of β cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- LilyAnne M Grieve
- Department of Biological Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA
| | - Abhya Rani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA
| | - Gary T ZeRuth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA
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Cheng IS, Tsao JP, Bernard JR, Tsai TW, Chang CC, Liao SF. Oral post-exercise garlic extract supplementation enhances glycogen replenishment but does not up-regulate mitochondria biogenesis mRNA expression in human-exercised skeletal muscle. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2336095. [PMID: 38576169 PMCID: PMC11000618 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2336095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Garlic extract (GA) is purported to enhance antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and glucose regulation in humans. The present study investigated the effects of post-exercise GA supplementation on GLUT4 expression, glycogen replenishment, and the transcript factors involved with mitochondrial biosynthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle. METHODS The single-blinded crossover counterbalanced study was completed by 12 participants. Participants were randomly divided into either GA (2000 mg of GA) or placebo trials immediately after completing a single bout of cycling exercise at 75% Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) for 60 minutes. Participants consumed either GA (2000 mg) or placebo capsules with a high glycemic index carbohydrate meal (2 g carb/body weight) immediately after exercise. Muscle samples were collected at 0-h and 3-h post-exercise. Muscle samples were used to measure glycogen levels, GLUT4 protein expression, as well as transcription factors for glucose uptake, and mitochondria biogenesis. Plasma glucose, insulin, glycerol, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations, and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were also analyzed during the post-exercise recovery periods. RESULTS Skeletal muscle glycogen replenishment was significantly elevated during the 3-h recovery period for GA concurrent with no difference in GLUT4 protein expression between the garlic and placebo trials. PGC1-α gene expression was up-regulated for both GA and placebo after exercise (p < 0.05). Transcript factors corresponding to muscle mitochondrial biosynthesis were significantly enhanced under acute garlic supplementation as demonstrated by TFAM and FIS1. However, the gene expression of SIRT1, ERRα, NFR1, NFR2, MFN1, MFN2, OPA1, Beclin-1, DRP1 were not enhanced, nor were there any improvements in GLUT4 expression, following post-exercise garlic supplementation. CONCLUSION Acute post-exercise garlic supplementation may improve the replenishment of muscle glycogen, but this appears to be unrelated to the gene expression for glucose uptake and mitochondrial biosynthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shiung Cheng
- National Taichung University of Education, Department of Physical Education, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Piao Tsao
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey R. Bernard
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Promotion,California State University, Stanislaus, Turlock, USA
| | - Tsen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Taichung, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Chang
- College of HuilanNational Dong Hwa University, Physical Education Center, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Su-Fen Liao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Caballero Cerbon DA, Widmann J, Weuster-Botz D. Metabolic control analysis enabled the improvement of the L-cysteine production process with Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:108. [PMID: 38212968 PMCID: PMC10784400 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
L-cysteine is an amino acid with relevance to the pharmaceutical, food, feed, and cosmetic industry. The environmental and societal impact of its chemical production has led to the development of more sustainable fermentative L-cysteine production processes with engineered E. coli based on glucose and thiosulfate as sulphur source. Still, most of the published processes show low yields. For the identification of further metabolic engineering targets, engineered E. coli cells were withdrawn from a fed-batch production process, followed by in vivo metabolic control analysis (MCA) based on the data of short-term perturbation experiments, metabolomics (LC-MS), and thermodynamic flux analysis (TFA). In vivo MCA indicated that the activities of the L-cysteine synthases of the cells withdrawn from the production process might be limiting, and we hypothesised that the L-cysteine precursor O-acetylserine (OAS) might be exported from the cells faster than it took to transform OAS into L-cysteine. By increasing the expression of the L-cysteine synthases, either sulfocysteine synthase or L-cysteine synthase, which transform OAS into L-cysteine, an improvement of up to 70% in specific L-cysteine productivity and up to 47% in the final L-cysteine concentration was achieved in standardised fed-batch processes thereby increasing the yield on glucose by more than 85 to 9.2% (w/w). KEY POINTS: • Metabolic control analysis was applied to analyse L-cysteine production with E. coli • OAS export was faster than its transformation to L-cysteine • Overexpression of L-cysteine synthases improved L-cysteine productivity and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alejandro Caballero Cerbon
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jeremias Widmann
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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Yang Z, Wu W, Zhao Q, Angelidaki I, Arhin SG, Hua D, Zhao Y, Sun H, Liu G, Wang W. Enhanced direct gaseous CO 2 fixation into higher bio-succinic acid production and selectivity. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 143:164-175. [PMID: 38644014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing CO2 for bio-succinic acid production is an attractive approach to achieve carbon capture and recycling (CCR) with simultaneous production of a useful platform chemical. Actinobacillus succinogenes and Basfia succiniciproducens were selected and investigated as microbial catalysts. Firstly, the type and concentration of inorganic carbon concentration and glucose concentration were evaluated. 6 g C/L MgCO3 and 24 g C/L glucose were found to be the optimal basic operational conditions, with succinic acid production and carbon yield of over 30 g/L and over 40%, respectively. Then, for maximum gaseous CO2 fixation, carbonate was replaced with CO2 at different ratios. The "less carbonate more CO2" condition of the inorganic carbon source was set as carbonate: CO2 = 1:9 (based on the mass of carbon). This condition presented the highest availability of CO2 by well-balanced chemical reaction equilibrium and phase equilibrium, showing the best performance with regarding CO2 fixation (about 15 mg C/(L·hr)), with suppressed lactic acid accumulation. According to key enzymes analysis, the ratio of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase to lactic dehydrogenase was enhanced at high ratios of gaseous CO2, which could promote glucose conversion through the succinic acid path. To further increase gaseous CO2 fixation and succinic acid production and selectivity, stepwise CO2 addition was evaluated. 50%-65% increase in inorganic carbon utilization was obtained coupled with 20%-30% increase in succinic acid selectivity. This was due to the promotion of the succinic acid branch of the glucose metabolism, while suppressing the pyruvate branch, along with the inhibition on the conversion from glucose to lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wanling Wu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Samuel Gyebi Arhin
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongliang Hua
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhao
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hangyu Sun
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Gasser C, Faurie JM, Rul F. Regulation of lactose, glucose and sucrose metabolisms in S. thermophilus. Food Microbiol 2024; 121:104487. [PMID: 38637064 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus is a bacterium widely used in the production of yogurts and cheeses, where it efficiently ferments lactose, the saccharide naturally present in milk. It is also employed as a starter in dairy- or plant-based fermented foods that contain saccharides other than lactose (e.g., sucrose, glucose). However, little is known about how saccharide use is regulated, in particular when saccharides are mixed. Here, we determine the effect of the 5 sugars that S. thermophilus is able to use, at different concentration and when they are mixed on the promoter activities of the C-metabolism genes. Using a transcriptional fusion approach, we discovered that lactose and glucose modulated the activity of the lacS and scrA promoters in a concentration-dependent manner. When mixed with lactose, glucose also repressed the two promoter activities; when mixed with sucrose, lactose still repressed scrA promoter activity. We determined that catabolite control protein A (CcpA) played a key role in these dynamics. We also showed that promoter activity was linked with glycolytic flux, which varied depending on saccharide type and concentration. Overall, this study identified key mechanisms in carbohydrate metabolism - autoregulation and partial hierarchical control - and demonstrated that they are partly mediated by CcpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gasser
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Danone Nutricia Research, Avenue de la Vauve, 91120, Palaiseau, France; Yeasty, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine Génopole, 91000, Évry Courcouronnes, France
| | - J M Faurie
- Danone Nutricia Research, Avenue de la Vauve, 91120, Palaiseau, France; Procelys by Lesaffre, 103 Rue Jean Jaurès, 94704, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - F Rul
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Cardona-Herrera R, Quiñones-Muñoz TA, Franco-Robles E, Ozuna C. Development of a tamarind-based functional beverage with partially-hydrolyzed agave syrup and the health effects of its consumption in C57BL/6 mice. Food Chem 2024; 447:138935. [PMID: 38461724 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Excess consumption of sweetened beverages is associated with a global rise in metabolic diseases. Tamarind and partially-hydrolyzed agave syrup have potential for developing healthier beverages. Our objective was to develop a functional beverage using these ingredients (PH-AS-B). We also evaluate shelf-life stability (physicochemical, microbiological, and antioxidant properties) and health effects in C57BL/6 mice compared with tamarind beverages sweetened with glucose or fructose. Optimal tamarind extraction conditions were a 1:10 ratio (g pulp/mL water) and boiling for 30 min, and the resulting beverage had a shelf life of two months at 4 °C. Non-volatile metabolites were identified using HPLC/MS. PH-AS-B was associated with decreased blood cholesterol (5%) and triglyceride (20-35%) concentrations in healthy mice as well as lower lipid (82%) concentrations and evidence of protein oxidation (42%) in the liver, compared with glucose- and fructose-sweetened tamarind beverages. In conclusion, PH-AS-B was stable and associated with beneficial metabolic properties in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Cardona-Herrera
- Posgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico
| | - Tannia Alexandra Quiñones-Muñoz
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)-Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío, Zapopan, Jalisco 45019, Mexico
| | - Elena Franco-Robles
- Posgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico; Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico
| | - César Ozuna
- Posgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico; Departamento de Alimentos, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico.
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Flores-Sauceda MA, Leyva-Carrillo L, Camacho-Jiménez L, Gómez-Jiménez S, Peregrino-Uriarte AB, Yepiz-Plascencia G. Two hexokinases of the shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei are differentially expressed during oxygen limited conditions. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 293:111637. [PMID: 38583741 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei is the most cultivated shrimp worldwide. Compared to other shrimp species, it has higher resistance to adverse conditions. During hypoxia, the shrimp reduces oxygen consumption and adjusts energy metabolism via anaerobic glycolysis, among other strategies. Hexokinase (HK) is the first enzyme of glycolysis and a key regulation point. In mammals and other vertebrates, there are several tissue-specific HK isoforms with differences in expression and enzyme activity. In contrast, crustacean HKs have been relatively little studied. We studied the P. vannamei HK isoforms during hypoxia and reoxygenation. We cloned two HK1 sequences named HK1-long (1455 bp) and HK1-short (1302 bp), and one HK2 (1344 bp). In normoxia, total HK1 expression is higher in hepatopancreas, while HK2 is higher in gills. Severe hypoxia (1 mg/L of DO) after 12 h exposure and 1 h of reoxygenation increased HK1 expression in both organs, but HK2 expression changed differentially. In hepatopancreas, HK2 expression increased in 6 and 12 h of hypoxia but diminished to normoxia levels after reoxygenation. In gills, HK2 expression decreased after 12 h of hypoxia. HK activity increased in hepatopancreas after 12 h hypoxia, opposite to gills. These results indicate that shrimp HK isoforms respond to hypoxia and reoxygenation in a tissue-specific manner. Intracellular glucose levels did not change in any case, showing the shrimp ability to maintain glucose homeostasis during hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Flores-Sauceda
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Lilia Leyva-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Laura Camacho-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Silvia Gómez-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Alma B Peregrino-Uriarte
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | - Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
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Kajani S, Laker RC, Ratkova E, Will S, Rhodes CJ. Hepatic glucagon action: beyond glucose mobilization. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1021-1060. [PMID: 38300523 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon's ability to promote hepatic glucose production has been known for over a century, with initial observations touting this hormone as a diabetogenic agent. However, glucagon receptor agonism [when balanced with an incretin, including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) to dampen glucose excursions] is now being developed as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of metabolic diseases, like metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic disease/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASLD/MASH), and may also have benefit for obesity and chronic kidney disease. Conventionally regarded as the opposing tag-team partner of the anabolic mediator insulin, glucagon is gradually emerging as more than just a "catabolic hormone." Glucagon action on glucose homeostasis within the liver has been well characterized. However, growing evidence, in part thanks to new and sensitive "omics" technologies, has implicated glucagon as more than just a "glucose liberator." Elucidation of glucagon's capacity to increase fatty acid oxidation while attenuating endogenous lipid synthesis speaks to the dichotomous nature of the hormone. Furthermore, glucagon action is not limited to just glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, as traditionally reported. Glucagon plays key regulatory roles in hepatic amino acid and ketone body metabolism, as well as mitochondrial turnover and function, indicating broader glucagon signaling consequences for metabolic homeostasis mediated by the liver. Here we examine the broadening role of glucagon signaling within the hepatocyte and question the current dogma, to appreciate glucagon as more than just that "catabolic hormone."
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Kajani
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Rhianna C Laker
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Ekaterina Ratkova
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sarah Will
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
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Lv J, Su M, Wang Y, Yang J, Liang Y, Chen L, Lei L. Yunvjian decoction mitigates hyperglycemia in rats induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin via reducing oxidative stress in pancreatic beta cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 327:118045. [PMID: 38479546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yunvjian (YNJ), a traditional Chinese herbal formula first reported in Jing Yue Quan Shu, is commonly used in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanism by which YNJ affects T2DM remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of YNJ on T2DM and explore the potential mechanism involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the chemical compounds of YNJ. The anti-T2DM effects of YNJ were observed in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin induced rat model. The type 2 diabetic rats were prepared as follows: rats were fed a high-fat diet for four weeks and then intraperitoneally injected with a low dose (30 mg/kg) of streptozotocin. YNJ and the positive control metformin were used in these experiments. Biochemical assays were implemented to determine the fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, serum lipid levels, and oxidative stress index of the pancreas. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess histopathological alterations in the pancreas. The mechanism by which YNJ affects T2DM was evaluated in INS-1 cells treated with glucose and high sodium palmitate. YNJ-supplemented serum was used in these experiments. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Nile red staining, flow cytometric analysis, and Western blotting were used to assess apoptosis, insulin secretion, lipid accumulation, reactive oxygen species production, and protein levels. RESULTS Five major compounds were identified in YNJ. In high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, YNJ-M notably decreased fasting blood glucose and lipid levels; ameliorated glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and islet morphology; reduced Malondialdehyde levels; and restored superoxide dismutase activity in the pancreatic islets. Furthermore, the effect of YNJ-M was significantly greater than that of YNJ-L, and YNJ-H had little effect on diabetic rats. In vitro experiments revealed that YNJ-supplemented serum (10%, 15%, and 20%) dramatically suppressed apoptosis, mitigated intracellular lipid accumulation and reduced intracellular oxidative stress levels in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, YNJ-supplemented serum increased the protein expression of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Heme oxygenase-1, and superoxide dismutase 1 and inhibited the protein expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. CONCLUSION YNJ ameliorates high-fat diet/streptozotocin induced experimental T2DM. The underlying mechanism involves reducing oxidative stress in pancreatic beta cells. The findings of this study provide scientific justification for the application of the traditional medicine YNJ in treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lv
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China; Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine & Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Brain Health Industry of Chinese Medicine, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Meng Su
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China; Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine & Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Brain Health Industry of Chinese Medicine, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Yansong Wang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China; Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine & Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Brain Health Industry of Chinese Medicine, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China; Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine & Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Brain Health Industry of Chinese Medicine, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yanni Liang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China; Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine & Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Brain Health Industry of Chinese Medicine, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China; Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine & Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Brain Health Industry of Chinese Medicine, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Liyan Lei
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China; Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine & Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Brain Health Industry of Chinese Medicine, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang, 712046, China.
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Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Lu H. Activation of NRF2 by epiberberine improves oxidative stress and insulin resistance in T2DM mice and IR-HepG2 cells in an AMPK dependent manner. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 327:117931. [PMID: 38382657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phytochemical compounds offer a distinctive edge in diabetes management, attributed to their multifaceted target mechanisms and minimal toxicological profiles. Epiberberine (EPI), an alkaloid derived from plants of the Rhizoma Coptidis, has been reported to have antidiabetic effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of EPI are not fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study explored the anti-diabetic effects of EPI and the role of the NRF2/AMPK signaling pathway in improving insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized two distinct models: in vivo, we employed mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) to conduct a range of assessments including measuring physical parameters, conducting biochemical analyses, examining histopathology, and performing Western blot tests. In parallel, in vitro experiments were carried out using insulin resistance (IR)-HepG2 cells, through which we conducted a CCK8 assay, glucose uptake tests, Western blot analyses, and flow cytometry studies. RESULTS In the EPI-treated group of T2DM mice, there was a significant reduction in hyperglycemia, IR, and hyperlipidemia, accompanied by beneficial changes in the liver and pancreas, as well as enhanced glucose uptake in IR-HepG2 cells. Herein, our finding also provided evidence that EPI could increase the expression of GLUT4 and activated the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT insulin signaling pathway to improve IR in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, EPI alleviated oxidative stress by enhancing SOD and GPX-px activity, decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and promoting nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2), total NRF2, NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in the liver tissue of T2DM mice and IR-HepG2 cells. Furthermore, EPI decreased oxidative stress and improved IR, but these benefits were nullified by siNRF2 transfection. In particular, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) deficiency by short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) partially reversed the effects of EPI on nuclear transcription, oxidative stress, and IR of NRF2 in IR-HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, EPI activated NRF2-dependent AMPK cascade to protect T2DM from oxidative stress, thereby alleviating IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Song SN, Dong WP, Dong XX, Guo F, Ren L, Li CX, Wang JM. Cerebral endothelial cells mediated enhancement of brain pericyte number and migration in oxygen-glucose deprivation involves the HIF-1α/PDGF-β signaling. Brain Res 2024; 1832:148849. [PMID: 38452844 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The present study focused on whether hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) and platelet-derived factor-beta (PDGF-β) are involved in the crosstalk between brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and brain vascular pericytes (BVPs) under ischaemic-hypoxic conditions. Mono-cultures or co-cultures of BVPs and BMECs were made for the construction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) model in vitro and then exposed to control and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions. BBB injury was determined by assessing the ability, apoptosis, and migration of BVPs and the transendothelial electrical resistance and horseradish peroxidase permeation of BMECs. Relative mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α and PDGF-β, as well as tight junction proteins ZO-1 and claudin-5 were analyzed by western blotting, reverse transcription quantitative PCR, and/or immunofluorescence staining. Dual-luciferase reporter assays assessed the relationship between PDGF-β and HIF-1α. Co-culturing with BMECs alleviated OGD-induced reduction in BVP viability, elevation in BVP apoptosis, and repression in BVP migration. Co-culturing with BVPs protected against OGD-induced impairment on BMEC permeability. OGD-induced HIF-1α upregulation enhanced PDGF-β expression in mono-cultured BMECs and co-cultured BMECs with BVPs. Knockdown of HIF-1α impaired the effect of BMECs on BVPs under OGD conditions, and PDGFR-β silencing in BVPs blocked the crosstalk between BMECs and BVPs under OGD conditions. The crosstalk between BMECs and BVPs was implicated in OGD-induced BBB injury through the HIF-1α/PDGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Na Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Wen-Ping Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xin-Xin Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Lin Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Chang-Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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12
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Heinecke F, Fornes D, Capobianco E, Flores Quiroga JP, Labiano M, Faletti AG, Jawerbaum A, White V. Intestinal alterations and mild glucose homeostasis impairments in the offspring born to overweight rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 587:112201. [PMID: 38494045 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The gut plays a crucial role in metabolism by regulating the passage of nutrients, water and microbial-derived substances to the portal circulation. Additionally, it produces incretins, such as glucose-insulinotropic releasing peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like derived peptide 1 (GLP1, encoded by gcg gene) in response to nutrient uptake. We aimed to investigate whether offspring from overweight rats develop anomalies in the barrier function and incretin transcription. We observed pro-inflammatory related changes along with a reduction in Claudin-3 levels resulting in increased gut-permeability in fetuses and offspring from overweight rats. Importantly, we found decreased gip mRNA levels in both fetuses and offspring from overweight rats. Differently, gcg mRNA levels were upregulated in fetuses, downregulated in female offspring and unchanged in male offspring from overweight rats. When cultured with high glucose, intestinal explants showed an increase in gip and gcg mRNA levels in control offspring. In contrast, offspring from overweight rats did not exhibit any response in gip mRNA levels. Additionally, while females showed no response, male offspring from overweight rats did exhibit an upregulation in gcg mRNA levels. Furthermore, female and male offspring from overweight rats showed sex-dependent anomalies when orally challenged with a glucose overload, returning to baseline glucose levels after 120 min. These results open new research questions about the role of the adverse maternal metabolic condition in the programming of impairments in glucose homeostasis, enteroendocrine function and gut barrier function in the offspring from overweight mothers and highlight the importance of a perinatal maternal healthy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Heinecke
- Centre for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA), School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Fornes
- Centre for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA), School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Capobianco
- Centre for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA), School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jeremias Pablo Flores Quiroga
- Centre for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA), School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Labiano
- Centre for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA), School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia G Faletti
- Centre for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA), School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Centre for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA), School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica White
- Centre for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA), School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Schoen AN, Weinrauch AM, Bouyoucos IA, Treberg JR, Gary Anderson W. Hormonal effects on glucose and ketone metabolism in a perfused liver of an elasmobranch, the North Pacific spiny dogfish, Squalus suckleyi. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 352:114514. [PMID: 38582175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Hormonal influence on hepatic function is a critical aspect of whole-body energy balance in vertebrates. Catecholamines and corticosteroids both influence hepatic energy balance via metabolite mobilization through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Elasmobranchs have a metabolic organization that appears to prioritize the mobilization of hepatic lipid as ketone bodies (e.g. 3-hydroxybutyrate [3-HB]), which adds complexity in determining the hormonal impact on hepatic energy balance in this taxon. Here, a liver perfusion was used to investigate catecholamine (epinephrine [E]) and corticosteroid (corticosterone [B] and 11-deoxycorticosterone [DOC]) effects on the regulation of hepatic glucose and 3-HB balance in the North Pacific Spiny dogfish, Squalus suckleyi. Further, hepatic enzyme activity involved in ketogenesis (3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase), glycogenolysis (glycogen phosphorylase), and gluconeogenesis (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) were assessed in perfused liver tissue following hormonal application to discern effects on hepatic energy flux. mRNA transcript abundance key transporters of glucose (glut1 and glut4) and ketones (mct1 and mct2) and glucocorticoid function (gr, pepck, fkbp5, and 11βhsd2) were also measured to investigate putative cellular components involved in hepatic responses. There were no changes in the arterial-venous difference of either metabolite in all hormone perfusions. However, perfusion with DOC increased gr transcript abundance and decreased flow rate of perfusions, suggesting a regulatory role for this corticosteroid. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity increased following all hormone treatments, which may suggest gluconeogenic function; E also increased 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity, suggesting a function in ketogenesis, and decreased pepck and fkbp5 transcript abundance, potentially showing some metabolic regulation. Overall, we demonstrate hormonal control of hepatic energy balance using liver perfusions at various levels of biological organization in an elasmobranch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Schoen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada.
| | - Alyssa M Weinrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
| | - Ian A Bouyoucos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
| | - Jason R Treberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - W Gary Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
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14
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Yin X, Ni G, Zhang X, Fu S, Li H, Gao Z. Tyrosine nitration of glucagon impairs its function: Extending the role of heme in T2D pathogenesis. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 255:112519. [PMID: 38507994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
New studies raise the possibility that the higher glucagon (GCG) level present in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a compensatory mechanism to enhance β-cell function, rather than induce dysregulated glucose homeostasis, due to an important role for GCG that acts directly within the pancreas on insulin secretion by intra-islet GCG signaling. However, in states of poorly controlled T2D, pancreatic α cell mass increases (overproduced GCG) in response to insufficient insulin secretion, indicating decreased local GCG activity. The reason for this decrease is not clear. Recent evidence has uncovered a new role of heme in cellular signal transduction, and its mechanism involves reversible binding of heme to proteins. Considering that protein tyrosine nitration in diabetic islets increases and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) decreases, we speculated that heme modulates GSIS by transient interaction with GCG and catalyzing its tyrosine nitration, and the tyrosine nitration may impair GCG activity, leading to loss of intra-islet GCG signaling and markedly impaired insulin secretion. Data presented here elucidate a novel role for heme in disrupting local GCG signaling in diabetes. Heme bound to GCG and induced GCG tyrosine nitration. Two tyrosine residues in GCG were both sensitive to the nitrating species. Further, GCG was also demonstrated to be a preferred target peptide for tyrosine nitration by co-incubation with BSA. Tyrosine nitration impaired GCG stimulated cAMP-dependent signaling in islet β cells and decreased insulin release. Our results provided a new role of heme for impaired GSIS in the pathological process of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Guoqi Ni
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shitao Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Hailing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Zhonghong Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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15
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Zhu Y, Engmann M, Medina D, Han X, Das P, Bartke A, Ellsworth BS, Yuan R. Metformin treatment of juvenile mice alters aging-related developmental and metabolic phenotypes in sex-dependent and sex-independent manners. GeroScience 2024; 46:3197-3218. [PMID: 38227136 PMCID: PMC11009201 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin has attracted increasing interest for its potential benefits in extending healthspan and longevity. This study examined the effects of early-life metformin treatment on the development and metabolism of C57BL/6 J (B6) mice, with metformin administered to juvenile mice from 15 to 56 days of age. Metformin treatment led to decreased body weight in both sexes (P < 0.05, t-test). At 9 weeks of age, mice were euthanized and organ weights were recorded. The relative weight of retroperitoneal fat was decreased in females, while relative weights of perigonadal and retroperitoneal fat were decreased, and relative liver weight was increased in males (P < 0.05, t-test). Glucose and insulin tolerance tests (GTT and ITT) were conducted at the age of 7 weeks. ANOVA revealed a significant impairment in insulin sensitivity by the treatment, and a significantly interactive effect on glucose tolerance between sex and treatment, underscoring a disparity in GTT between sexes in response to the treatment. Metformin treatment reduced circulating insulin levels in fasting and non-fasting conditions for male mice, with no significant alterations observed in female mice. qRT-PCR analysis of glucose metabolism-related genes (Akt2, Glut2, Glut4, Irs1, Nrip1, Pi3k, Pi3kca, Pkca) in the liver and skeletal muscle reveals metformin-induced sex- and organ-specific effects on gene expression. Comparison with previous studies in heterogeneous UM-HET3 mice receiving the same treatment suggests that genetic differences may contribute to variability in the effects of metformin treatment on development and metabolism. These findings indicate that early-life metformin treatment affects development and metabolism in both sex- and genetics-dependent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - Morgan Engmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - David Medina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - Xiuqi Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - Pratyusa Das
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University SIU School of Medicine, 1135 Lincoln Drive, Life Science III, Room 2062, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - Buffy S Ellsworth
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University SIU School of Medicine, 1135 Lincoln Drive, Life Science III, Room 2062, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Rong Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA.
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Yang X, Zhang J, Li Y, Hu H, Li X, Ma T, Zhang B. Si-Ni-San promotes liver regeneration by maintaining hepatic oxidative equilibrium and glucose/lipid metabolism homeostasis. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 326:117918. [PMID: 38382654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The efficacy of clinical treatments for various liver diseases is intricately tied to the liver's regenerative capacity. Insufficient or failed liver regeneration is a direct cause of mortality following fulminant hepatic failure and extensive hepatectomy. Si-Ni-San (SNS), a renowned traditional Chinese medicine prescription for harmonizing liver and spleen functions, has shown clinical efficacy in the alleviation of liver injury for thousands of years. However, the precise molecular pharmacological mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effects of SNS on liver regeneration and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse model of 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx) was used to analyze the effects of SNS on liver regeneration. Aquaporin-9 knockout mice (AQP9-/-) were used to demonstrate that SNS-mediated enhancement of liver regeneration was AQP9-targeted. A tandem dimer-Tomato-tagged AQP9 transgenic mouse line (AQP9-RFP) was utilized to determine the expression pattern of AQP9 protein in hepatocytes. Immunoblotting, quantitative real-time PCR, staining techniques, and biochemical assays were used to further explore the underlying mechanisms of SNS. RESULTS SNS treatment significantly enhanced liver regeneration and increased AQP9 protein expression in hepatocytes of wild-type mice (AQP9+/+) post 70% PHx, but had no significant effects on AQP9-/- mice. Following 70% PHx, SNS helped maintain hepatic oxidative equilibrium by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species scavengers glutathione and superoxide dismutase and reducing the levels of oxidative stress molecules H2O2 and malondialdehyde in liver tissues, thereby preserving this crucial process for hepatocyte proliferation. Simultaneously, SNS augmented glycerol uptake by hepatocytes, stimulated gluconeogenesis, and maintained glucose/lipid metabolism homeostasis, ensuring the energy supply required for liver regeneration. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that SNS maintains liver oxidative equilibrium and glucose/lipid metabolism homeostasis by upregulating AQP9 expression in hepatocytes, thereby promoting liver regeneration. These findings offer novel insights into the molecular pharmacological mechanisms of SNS in promoting liver regeneration and provide guidance for its clinical application and optimization in liver disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanghao Li
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huiting Hu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Xian Y, Wang X, Yu Y, Chen X. Transcriptomics confirms IRF1 as a key regulator of pyroptosis in diabetic retinopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 709:149760. [PMID: 38554602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinal microvascular complication caused by hyperglycemia, which can lead to visual impairment or blindness. Pyroptosis is a type of inflammation-related programmed cell death, activated by caspase-1, resulting in the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18 and the rupture of the cell membrane. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a high-throughput sequencing technique that reveals the presence and quantity of RNA in the genome at a specific time point, i.e., the transcriptome. RNA-seq can analyze gene expression levels, splicing variants, mutations, fusions, editing and other post-transcriptional modifications, as well as gene expression differences between different samples or conditions. It has been widely used in biological and medical research, clinical diagnosis and new drug development. This study aimed to establish an in vitro model of diabetic retinopathy by culturing human retinal endothelial cells (HREC) with high glucose (30 mmol/L), and to detect their transcriptome expression by RNA-seq, screen for key genes related to pyroptosis, and validate the sequencing results by subsequent experiments. METHODS We used RNA-seq to detect the transcriptome expression differences between HREC cells cultured with high glucose and control group, and identified differentially expressed genes by GO/KEGG analysis. We constructed a PPI network and determined the key genes by Cytoscape software and CytoHubba plugin. We validated the expression of related factors by Western Blot, qPCR and ELISA. RESULTS We performed GO and KEGG analysis on the RNA-seq data and found differentially expressed genes. We used Cytoscape and CytoHubba plugin to screen out IRF1 as the key gene, and then detected the expression of IRF1 in HREC under high glucose and control group by Western Blot and qPCR. We found that the expression of Caspase-1, GSDMD and IL-1β proteins in HREC under high glucose increased, while the expression of these proteins decreased after the inhibition of IRF1 by siRNA. ELISA showed that the secretion of IL-1β in HREC under high glucose increased, while the inhibition of IRF1 reduced the secretion of IL-1β. These results indicate that IRF1 plays an important role in DR, and provides a new target and strategy for the prevention and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Xingli Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - XiaoLong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China.
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Han YH, Li YX, Chen X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Li W, Liu CJ, Chen Y, Ma LQ. Arsenic-enhanced plant growth in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata: Metabolomic investigations and molecular mechanisms. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171922. [PMID: 38522532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The first-known As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata is efficient in As uptake and translocation, which can be used for phytoremediation of As-contaminated soils. However, the underlying mechanisms of As-enhanced plant growth are unknown. We used untargeted metabolomics to investigate the potential metabolites and associated metabolic pathways regulating As-enhanced plant growth in P. vittata. After 60 days of growth in an MS-agar medium containing 15 mg kg-1 As, P. vittata biomass was 33-34 % greater than the no-As control. Similarly, the As contents in P. vittata roots and fronds were 272 and 1300 mg kg-1, considerably greater than the no-As control. Univariate and multivariate analyses based on electrospray ionization indicate that As exposure changed the expression of 1604 and 1248 metabolites in positive and negative modes. By comparing with the no-As control, As exposure significantly changed the expression of 14 metabolites including abscisic acid, d-glucose, raffinose, stachyose, chitobiose, xylitol, gibberellic acids, castasterone, citric acid, riboflavin-5-phosphate, ubiquinone, ubiquinol, UDP-glucose, and GDP-glucose. These metabolites are involved in phytohormone synthesis, energy metabolism, and sugar metabolism and may all potentially contribute to regulating As-enhanced plant growth in P. vittata. Our data provide clues to understanding the metabolic regulations of As-enhanced plant growth in P. vittata, which helps to enhance its phytoremediation efficiency of As-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-He Han
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yi-Xi Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chen-Jing Liu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yanshan Chen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Zhang C, Liu B, Sheng J, Wang J, Zhu W, Xie C, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Meng Q, Li Y. Potential targets for the treatment of MI: GRP75-mediated Ca 2+ transfer in MAM. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176530. [PMID: 38527700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
After myocardial infarction (MI), there is a notable disruption in cellular calcium ion homeostasis and mitochondrial function, which is believed to be intricately linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This research endeavors to elucidate the involvement of glucose regulated protein 75 (GRP75) in post-MI calcium ion homeostasis and mitochondrial function. In MI rats, symptoms of myocardial injury were accompanied by an increase in the activation of ER stress. Moreover, in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cardiomyocytes, it was confirmed that inhibiting ER stress exacerbated intracellular Ca2+ disruption and cell apoptosis. Concurrently, the co-localization of GRP75 with IP3R and VDAC1 increased under ER stress in cardiomyocytes. In OGD-induced cardiomyocytes, knockdown of GRP75 not only reduced the Ca2+ levels in both the ER and mitochondria and improved the ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes, but it also increased the number of contact points between the ER and mitochondria, reducing mitochondria associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) formation, and decreased cell apoptosis. Significantly, knockdown of GRP75 did not affect the protein expression of PERK and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Transcriptome analysis of cardiomyocytes revealed that knockdown of GRP75 mainly influenced the molecular functions of sialyltransferase and IP3R, as well as the biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids and lactate metabolism. The complex interaction between the ER and mitochondria, driven by the GRP75 and its associated IP3R1-GRP75-VDAC1 complex, is crucial for calcium homeostasis and cardiomyocyte's adaptive response to ER stress. Modulating GRP75 could offer a strategy to regulate calcium dynamics, diminish glycolysis, and thereby mitigate cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiaxing Sheng
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weijie Zhu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chen Xie
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- School of Elderly Care Services and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qinghai Meng
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yu Li
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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20
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Liu GM, Shao M, Liu Y. Dichloroacetate ameliorates apoptosis, EMT and oxidative stress in diabetic cataract via inhibiting the IDO1-dependent p38 MAPK pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 586:112174. [PMID: 38301842 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
As an oral antidiabetic agent, dichloroacetate (DCA) has been proven to improve diabetes and related complications. However, its functional role in diabetic cataract (DC) remains to be elucidated. This study was to define the role of DCA and its underlying molecular mechanism in DC in vitro and in vivo. In this study, it was shown that DCA dose-dependently ameliorated DC formation and development in DM rats. In addition, DCA significantly increased cell viability, reduced apoptosis, and inhibited EMT and oxidative stress of high glucose (HG)-treated SRA-01/04 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, it was revealed that Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression was upregulated in lenses of DM rats and HG-treated SRA-01/04 cells, which was reversed by DCA. In addition, DCA abrogated the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling in the lenses of DM rats and HG-treated SRA-01/04 cells. Further experiments showed that IDO1 upregulation activated the p38 MAPK signaling in HG-challenged SRA-01/04 cells. Moreover, IDO1 overexpression partially reversed DCA-mediated inactivation of p38 MAPK signaling and suppression of HG-induced damage to SRA-01/04 cells. To sum up, our findings showed that DCA prevented DC-related apoptosis, EMT, and oxidative stress via inactivating IDO1-dependent p38 MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ming Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengting Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Xi XR, Zhang ZQ, Li YL, Liu Z, Ma DY, Gao Z, Zhang S. Hypothermia promotes tunneling nanotube formation and the transfer of astrocytic mitochondria into oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-injured neurons. Brain Res 2024; 1831:148826. [PMID: 38403036 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial transfer occurs between cells, and it is important for damaged cells to receive healthy mitochondria to maintain their normal function and protect against cell death. Accumulating evidence suggests that the functional mitochondria of astrocytes are released and transferred to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-injured neurons. Mild hypothermia (33 °C) is capable of promoting this process, which partially restores the function of damaged neurons. However, the pathways and mechanisms by which mild hypothermia facilitates mitochondrial transfer remain unclear. We are committed to studying the role of mild hypothermia in neuroprotection to provide reliable evidences and insights for the clinical application of mild hypothermia in brain protection. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are considered to be one of the routes through which mitochondria are transferred between cells. In this study, an OGD/R-injured neuronal model was successfully established, and TNTs, mitochondria, neurons and astrocytes were double labeled using immunofluorescent probes. Our results showed that TNTs were present and involved in the transfer of mitochondria between cells in the mixed-culture system of neurons and astrocytes. When neurons were subjected to OGD/R exposure, TNT formation and mitochondrial transportation from astrocytes to injured neurons were facilitated. Further analysis revealed that mild hypothermia increased the quantity of astrocytic mitochondria transferred into damaged neurons through TNTs, raised the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and decreased the neuronal damage and death during OGD/R. Altogether, our data indicate that TNTs play an important role in the endogenous neuroprotection of astrocytic mitochondrial transfer. Furthermore, mild hypothermia enhances astrocytic mitochondrial transfer into OGD/R-injured neurons via TNTs, thereby promoting neuroprotection and neuronal recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rui Xi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei, China
| | - Yan-Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei, China
| | - Dong-Yang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei, China
| | - Zan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei, China.
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22
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Li Z, Zhang M, Yang L, Fan D, Zhang P, Zhang L, Zhang J, Lu Z. Sophoricoside ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury dependent on activating AMPK. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176439. [PMID: 38401605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Ischemic stroke accounts for 87% of all strokes, and its death and disability bring a huge burden to society. Brain injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is also a major difficulty in clinical treatment and prognosis. Sophoricoside (SOP) is an isoflavone glycoside isolated from the seed of medical herb Sophora japonica L. Previously, SOP was found to be effective in anti-inflammation and glucose-lipid metabolism-related diseases. In order to investigate whether SOP has a regulatory effect on cerebral I/R injury, we conducted this study. METHODS Here, by application of SOP into MCAO (transient middle cerebral artery occlusion)-induced mice and OGD/R (oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion)-induced primary neurons, the regulation effects of SOP was analyzed by detecting neurological score of post-stroke mice, phenotypes of brains and brain sections, cell viabilities, and apoptosis- and inflammation-regulation. RNA sequencing and molecular biology experiments were performed to explore the mechanism of SOP regulating cerebral I/R injury. RESULTS SOP administration decreased the infarct size, neurological deficit score, neuronal cell injury, inflammation and apoptosis. Mechanistically, SOP exerted its protective effect by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. CONCLUSION SOP inhibits cerebral I/R injury by promoting the phosphorylation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshuo Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei, 448000, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei, 448000, China; Jingmen Clinical Medical College Affiliated to Hubei Minzhu University, Jingmen, Hubei, 448000, China
| | - Ding Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei, 448000, China; Jingmen Clinical Medical College Affiliated to Hubei Minzhu University, Jingmen, Hubei, 448000, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 445000, China
| | - Zhigang Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei, 448000, China; Jingmen Clinical Medical College Affiliated to Hubei Minzhu University, Jingmen, Hubei, 448000, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, Enshi, Hubei, 445000, China.
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23
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Taneera J, Mohammed AK, Khalique A, Mussa BM, Sulaiman N, Bustanji Y, Saleh MA, Madkour M, Abu-Gharbieh E, El-Huneidi W. Unraveling the significance of PPP1R1A gene in pancreatic β-cell function: A study in INS-1 cells and human pancreatic islets. Life Sci 2024; 345:122608. [PMID: 38574885 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1A (PPP1R1A) has been linked with insulin secretion and diabetes mellitus. Yet, its full significance in pancreatic β-cell function remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the role of the PPP1R1A gene in β-cell biology using human pancreatic islets and rat INS-1 (832/13) cells. RESULTS Disruption of Ppp1r1a in INS-1 cells was associated with reduced insulin secretion and impaired glucose uptake; however, cell viability, ROS, apoptosis or proliferation were intact. A significant downregulation of crucial β-cell function genes such as Ins1, Ins2, Pcsk1, Cpe, Pdx1, Mafa, Isl1, Glut2, Snap25, Vamp2, Syt5, Cacna1a, Cacna1d and Cacnb3, was observed upon Ppp1r1a disruption. Furthermore, silencing Pdx1 in INS-1 cells altered PPP1R1A expression, indicating that PPP1R1A is a target gene for PDX1. Treatment with rosiglitazone increased Ppp1r1a expression, while metformin and insulin showed no effect. RNA-seq analysis of human islets revealed high PPP1R1A expression, with α-cells showing the highest levels compared to other endocrine cells. Muscle tissues exhibited greater PPP1R1A expression than pancreatic islets, liver, or adipose tissues. Co-expression analysis revealed significant correlations between PPP1R1A and genes associated with insulin biosynthesis, exocytosis machinery, and intracellular calcium transport. Overexpression of PPP1R1A in human islets augmented insulin secretion and upregulated protein expression of Insulin, MAFA, PDX1, and GLUT1, while silencing of PPP1R1A reduced Insulin, MAFA, and GLUT1 protein levels. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable insights into the role of PPP1R1A in regulating β-cell function and glucose homeostasis. PPP1R1A presents a promising opportunity for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Taneera
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.; Center of Excellence of Precision Medicine, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates..
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anila Khalique
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bashair M Mussa
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Sulaiman
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed A Saleh
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Madkour
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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24
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Hamel EA, Blonde GD, Girish R, Krubitski B, Spector AC. Addition of low sodium does not increase sensitivity to glucose in wild-type mice, or lead to partial glucose taste detection in T1R3 knock-out mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 279:114544. [PMID: 38574794 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The sodium glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) has been proposed as a non-T1R glucosensor contributing to glucose taste. Studies have shown that the addition of NaCl at very weak concentrations to a glucose stimulus can enhance signaling in the gustatory nerves of mice and significantly lower glucose detection thresholds in humans. Here, we trained mice with (wild-type; WT) and without (knockout; KO) a functioning T1R3 subunit on a two-response operant detection task to differentially respond to the presence or absence of a taste stimulus immediately after sampling. After extensive training (∼40 sessions), KO mice were unable to reliably discriminate 2 M glucose+0.01 M NaCl from 0.01 M NaCl alone, but all WT mice could. We then tested WT mice on a descending array of glucose concentrations (2.0-0.03 M) with the addition of 0.01 M NaCl vs. 0.01 M NaCl alone. The concentration series was then repeated with glucose alone vs. water. We found no psychophysical evidence of a non-T1R taste transduction pathway involved in the detection of glucose. The addition of NaCl to glucose did not lower taste detection thresholds in WT mice, nor did it render the stimulus detectable to KO mice, even at 2 M. The proposed pathway must contribute to functions other than sensory-discriminative detection, at least when tested under these conditions. Detection thresholds were also derived for fructose and found to be 1/3 log10 lower than for glucose, but highly correlated (r = 0.88) between the two sugars, suggesting that sensitivity to these stimuli in this task was based on a similar neural process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hamel
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Ginger D Blonde
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Riya Girish
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Belle Krubitski
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Alan C Spector
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States.
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Wang P, Li D, Sun M, Yin J, Zheng T. Microalgae enhanced co-metabolism of sulfamethoxazole using aquacultural feedstuff components: Co-metabolic pathways and enzymatic mechanisms. J Hazard Mater 2024; 470:134279. [PMID: 38613960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The application of antibiotics in freshwater aquaculture leads to increased contamination of aquatic environments. However, limited information is available on the co-metabolic biodegradation of antibiotics by microalgae in aquaculture. Feedstuffs provide multiple organic substrates for microalgae-mediated co-metabolism. Herein, we investigated the co-metabolism of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by Chlorella pyrenoidosa when adding main components of feedstuff (glucose and lysine). Results showed that lysine had an approximately 1.5-fold stronger enhancement on microalgae-mediated co-metabolism of SMX than glucose, with the highest removal rate (68.77% ± 0.50%) observed in the 9-mM-Lys co-metabolic system. Furthermore, we incorporated reactive sites predicted by density functional theory calculations, 14 co-metabolites identified by mass spectrometry, and the roles of 18 significantly activated enzymes to reveal the catalytic reaction mechanisms underlying the microalgae-mediated co-metabolism of SMX. In lysine- and glucose-treated groups, five similar co-metabolic pathways were proposed, including bond breaking on the nucleophilic sulfur atom, ring cleavage and hydroxylation at multiple free radical reaction sites, together with acylation and glutamyl conjugation on electrophilic nitrogen atoms. Cytochrome P450, serine hydrolase, and peroxidase play crucial roles in catalyzing hydroxylation, bond breaking, and ring cleavage of SMX. These findings provide theoretical support for better utilization of microalgae-driven co-metabolism to reduce sulfonamide antibiotic residues in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinbao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
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26
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang L, Yan X, Qin C, Nie G. Spexin acts as a novel glucose-lowering factor in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 708:149810. [PMID: 38531222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
At present, the physiological roles of various hormones in fish glucose metabolism have been elucidated. Spexin, a 14-amino acids polypeptide, is highly conserved in many species and has functions such as reducing body weight and improving insulin resistance. In this paper, the open reading frame (ORF) of spx21 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was cloned, and the tissue distribution of spx1 and spx2, their direct and indirect regulatory effects on glucose metabolism of grass carp were investigated. The ORF of spx2 gene in grass carp was 279 bp in length. Moreover, spx1 was highly expressed in the adipose tissue, while spx2 was highly expressed in the brain. In vitro, SPX1 and SPX2 showed opposite effects on the glycolytic pathway in the primary hepatocytes. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of SPX1 and SPX2 significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased hepatopancreas glycogen contents. Meanwhile, SPX1 and SPX2 promoted the expression of key genes of glycolysis (pk) and glycogen synthesis (gys) in the hepatopancreas at 3 h post injection. As for indirect effects, 1000 nM SPX1 and SPX2 significantly increased insulin-mediated liver type phosphofructokinase (pfkla) mRNA expression and enhanced the inhibitory effects of insulin on glucose-6-phosphatase (g6pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck), glycogen phosphorylase L (pygl) mRNA expression. Our results show that SPX1 and SPX2 have similar indirect effects on the regulation of glucose metabolism that enhance insulin activity, but they exhibit opposite roles in terms of direct effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Junli Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Xiao Yan
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Chaobin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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Liang H, Zhang R, Zhou L, Wu X, Chen J, Li X, Chen J, Shan L, Wang H. Corn stigma ameliorates hyperglycemia in zebrafish and GK rats of type 2 diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 325:117746. [PMID: 38216098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cornstigma (CS), derived from the stigma and style of gramineous plant Zeamays. The medicinal use of CS can be traced back to DianNanMateriaMedica. LingnanMedicinalPlantsCompendium records its effectiveness in ameliorating diabetes. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and the consequent chronic complications of kidney, heart, brain and other organs, which pose a significant threat to human health. CS has shown great potential in relieving hyperglycemia associated with diabetes. However, the mechanism of CS in treating diabetes remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the pathogenesis of diabetes and the mechanism of CS improving hyperglycemia in diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured apigenin and luteolin contents in CS by UPLC/MS/MS method. Selecting Wistar rats as normal group, and GK rats as model group. For rats, we detected glucose and lipid metabolism indicators, including GHb, AST, ALT, U-Glu, UA, U-TP, U-ALB, and ACR after treatment. For zebrafish, we utilized alloxan and sucrose to establish the diabetes model. Measuring zebrafish blood glucose is employed to evaluate the hypoglycemic capability of CS. In order to explore the mechanism of CS in treating diabetes, we sequenced the transcriptome of zebrafish, compared differentially expressed genes of normal, diabetic, and CS-treated group, and validated multiple enrichment pathways by PCR. RESULTS CS can improve blood glucose levels in both GK rats and diabetic zebrafish. For rats, CS partially restored glucose and lipid metabolism indicators. Transcriptome data from zebrafish showed a close correlation with steroid biosynthesis. The RNA-Sequencing was consistent with PCR results, indicating that CS downregulated gene (fdft1,lss,cyp51) expression concerned with steroid biosynthesis pathway in the diabetes model. CONCLUSION CS effectively improved blood glucose levels, regulated glucose and lipid metabolism by suppressing gene expression in steroid biosynthesis pathway, and ameliorated hyperglycemia. Our research provides valuable insights for CS in the treatment of diabetes, and proposes a new strategy for selecting clinical medications for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jingan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jieqiong Chen
- Office of Educational Administration, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Letian Shan
- Fuyang Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Scientific Research Department, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China.
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Li JQ, Shi YH, Min-Xu, Shi CX, Teng-Wang, Wang TH, Zuo ZF, Liu XZ. Discovery of astragaloside IV against high glucose-induced apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells: Bioinformatics and in vitro studies. Gene 2024; 905:148219. [PMID: 38286267 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the therapeutic mechanism of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) in the management of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury induced by high glucose (HG), a comprehensive approach involving the integration of network pharmacology and conducting in vitro and in vivo experiments was utilized. METHODS A rat model of diabetic retinopathy (DR) injury was created by administering streptozotocin through intraperitoneal injection. Additionally, a model of RGC injury induced by HG was established using a glucose concentration of 0.3 mmol/mL. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were captured 8 weeks after the injection of AS-IV. AS-IV and FBS were added to the culture medium and incubated for 48 h. The viability of cells was assessed using a CCK-8 assay, while the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using DCFH-DA. Apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin V-PI. To identify the targets of AS-IV, hyperglycemia, and RGC, publicly available databases were utilized. The Metascape platform was employed for conducting GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The STRING database in conjunction with Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to determine common targets of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and to identify the top 10 core target proteins in the RGC based on the MCC algorithm. qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of the top10 core target proteins in RGCs. RESULTS OCT detection indicated that the thickness of the outer nucleus, and inner and outer accessory layers of the retina increased in the AS-IV treated retina compared to that in the DM group but decreased compared to that in the CON group. Coculturing RGC cells with AS-IV after HG induction resulted in a significant increase in cell viability and a decrease in ROS and apoptosis, suggesting that AS-IV can reduce damage to RGC cells caused by high glucose levels by inhibiting oxidative stress. There were 14 potential targets of AS-IV in the treatment of RGC damage induced by high glucose levels. The top 10 core target proteins identified by the MCC algorithm were HIF1α, AKT1, CTNNB1, SMAD2, IL6, SMAD3, IL1β, PPARG, TGFβ1, and NOTCH3. qRT-PCR analysis showed that AS-IV could upregulate the mRNA expression levels of SMAD3, TGF-β1, and NOTCH3, and downregulate the mRNA expression levels of HIF1α, AKT1, CTNNB1, SMAD2, SMAD3, and IL-1β in high glucose-induced RGC cells. CONCLUSION The findings of this study validate the efficacy of astragaloside IV in the treatment of DR and shed light on the molecular network involved. Specifically, HIF1α, AKT1, CTNNB1, SMAD2, SMAD3, and IL-1β were identified as the crucial candidate molecules responsible for the protective effects of astragaloside IV on RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qi Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Ya-Hui Shi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Min-Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Cai-Xing Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Teng-Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 121000, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Zhong-Fu Zuo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China.
| | - Xue-Zheng Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China.
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Stafeev I, Agareva M, Michurina S, Tomilova A, Shestakova E, Zubkova E, Sineokaya M, Ratner E, Menshikov M, Parfyonova Y, Shestakova M. Semaglutide 6-months therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus restores adipose progenitors potential to develop metabolically active adipocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176476. [PMID: 38493915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to population mortality growth. Today glucagon-like peptide type 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) are one of the most promising glucose-lowered drugs with anorexigenic and cardioprotective effects. The present study aims to determine the effects of GLP-1 RA semaglutide 6-month therapy on T2DM patient metabolic parameters and adipose progenitor cell health. METHODS T2DM patients (N = 8) underwent clinical characterization and subcutaneous fat biopsy at start point and after semaglutide 6-month therapy. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) were isolated by enzymatic method. Cell proliferation analysis was performed by MTT and immunocytochemistry. White and beige adipogenesis was analyzed by BODIPY493/503 staining and confocal microscopy. Adipocyte's metabolic properties were estimated by 3H- and 14C-based metabolic assays. Thermogenesis analysis was performed by ERthermAC staining and confocal microscopy. Protein markers were assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS Semaglutide 6-month therapy demonstrated significant anorexigenic and glucose-lowering effects. However, insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR and M-index) was unchanged after therapy. Semaglutide 6-month therapy increased ADSC proliferation and white and beige adipogenesis. Moreover, lipid droplets fragmentation was observed in beige adipocytes. Both white and beige adipocytes after semaglutide therapy demonstrated 2-3 fold growth of glucose uptake without changes in insulin sensitivity. Newly formed white adipocytes demonstrated glucose utilization for active ATP synthesis, whereas beige adipocytes for canonical thermogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study has revealed that semaglutide 6-month therapy has not only systemic anorexigenic effects, but can markedly improve adipose tissue health. We have demonstrated critical restoration of ADSC renewal functions, which potentially can be involved in semaglutide based weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Stafeev
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia.
| | - M Agareva
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Michurina
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Tomilova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Shestakova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Zubkova
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Sineokaya
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Ratner
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Menshikov
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ye Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Shestakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia; Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292, Moscow, Russia
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Huang KJ, Feng L, Wu P, Liu Y, Zhang L, Mi HF, Zhou XQ, Jiang WD. Hypoxia leads to gill endoplasmic reticulum stress and disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Mitigation effect of thiamine. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:134005. [PMID: 38484660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia in water environment is one of the important problems faced by intensive aquaculture. Under hypoxia stress, the effects of dietary thiamine were investigated on grass carp gill tissue damage and their mechanisms. Six thiamine diets with different thiamine levels (0.22, 0.43, 0.73, 1.03, 1.33 and 1.63 mg/kg) were fed grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) for 63 days. Then, 96-hour hypoxia stress test was conducted. This study described that thiamine enhanced the growth performance of adult grass carp and ameliorated nutritional status of thiamine (pyruvic acid, glucose, lactic acid and transketolase). Additionally, thiamine alleviated the deterioration of blood parameters [glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glucose, cortisol, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), erythrocyte fragility, and red blood cell count (RBC count)] caused by hypoxia stress, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and oxidative damage to the gills. In addition, thiamine alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress in the gills, which may be related to its inhibition of RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α (eIF2α)/activating transcription factor4 (ATF4), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)/X-Box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) pathways. Furthermore, thiamine maintaining mitochondrial dynamics balance was probably related to promoting mitochondrial fusion and inhibiting mitochondrial fission, and inhibiting mitophagy may involve PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-dependent pathway and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-Bcl-2 adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) pathway. In summary, thiamine alleviated hypoxia stress in fish gills, which may be related to reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulating mitochondrial dynamics balance and reducing mitophagy. The thiamine requirement for optimum growth [percent weight gain (PWG)] of adult grass carp was estimated to be 0.81 mg/kg diet. Based on the index of anti-hypoxia stress (ROS content in gill), the thiamine requirement for adult grass carp was estimated to be 1.32 mg/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jing Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hai-Feng Mi
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Chen T, Wang C, Zhu W, Yu F, Dong X, Su Y, Huang J, Huo L, Wan P. mm9_circ_014683 regulates microglia polarization through canonical NFκB signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111121. [PMID: 38417635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is still the major cause of visual loss in working-aged people, one of the critical pathological processes are retinal microglia-mediated inflammation. Our previous study demonstrated that enhanced M1 microglial polarization was involved in retinal inflammation in DR, but the detailed mechanism needs further investigation. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important kind of noncoding RNAs involved in the regulation of various cell biological processes. Herein, the circRNA expression profiles of BV2 mouse microglia treated with or without glucose were detected, and a total of 347 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified in glucose-treated BV2 cells. The key circRNA mm9_circ_014683 increased after glucose stimulation. Inhibiting or overexpressing mm9_circ_014683 showed no effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of microglia. Inhibiting mm9_circ_014683 impeded M1 polarization and promoted M2 polarization, and overexpressing mm9_circ_014683 showed the opposite effect. A total of 216 differentially expressed genes were identified in mm9_circ_014683-knockdown BV2 cells, which were enriched in several signaling pathways, including the NFκB signaling pathway. Moreover, mm9_circ_014683 positively regulated the canonical, NFκB signaling pathway. Besides, mm9_circ_014683 was highly expressed in the retinal microglia of diabetic mice, and intraocular injection of Lv-circRNA inhibited M1 but enhanced M2 retinal microglial polarization. In conclusion, mm9_circ_014683 regulates microglial polarization through the canonical NFκB signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy. This study may provide insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Congyao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fenfen Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xia Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yihua Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingwen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lijun Huo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Pengxia Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
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Weinrauch AM, Bouyoucos IA, Conlon JM, Anderson WG. The chondrichthyan glucagon-like peptide 3 regulates hepatic ketone metabolism in the Pacific spiny dogfish Squalus suckleyi. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 350:114470. [PMID: 38346454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Chondrichthyans have a novel proglucagon-derived peptide, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-3, in addition to GLP-1 and GLP-2 that occur in other vertebrates. Given that the GLPs are important regulators of metabolic homeostasis across vertebrates, we sought to investigate whether GLP-3 displays functional actions on metabolism within a representative chondrichthyan, the Pacific spiny dogfish Squalus suckleyi. There were no observed effects of GLP-3 perfusion (10 nM for 15 min) on the rate of glucose or oleic acid acquisition at the level of the spiral valve nor were there any measured effects on intermediary metabolism within this tissue. Despite no effects on apparent glucose transport or glycolysis in the liver, a significant alteration to ketone metabolism occurred. Firstly, ketone flux through the perfused liver switched from a net endogenous production to consumption following hormone application. Accompanying this change, significant increases in mRNA transcript abundance of putative ketone transporters and in the activity of β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (a key enzyme regulating ketone flux in the liver) were observed. Overall, while these results show effects on hepatic metabolism, the physiological actions of GLP are distinct between this chondrichthyan and those of GLP-1 on teleost fishes. Whether this is the result of the particular metabolic dependency on ketone bodies in chondrichthyans or a differential function of a novel GLP remains to be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Weinrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada.
| | - Ian A Bouyoucos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
| | - J Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - W Gary Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
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Dorothee S, Sørensen G, Olsen LR, Bastlund JF, Sotty F, Belling D, Olsen MH, Mathiesen TI, Møller K, Larsen F, Birkeland P. Negligible In Vitro Recovery of Macromolecules from Microdialysis Using 100 kDa Probes and Dextran in Perfusion Fluid. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1322-1330. [PMID: 38478218 PMCID: PMC10991005 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Microdialysis is applied in neurointensive care to monitor cerebral glucose metabolism. If recoverable, macromolecules may also serve as biomarkers in brain disease and provide clues to their passage across the blood-brain barrier. Our study aimed to investigate the in vitro recovery of human micro- and macromolecules using microdialysis catheters and perfusion fluids approved for clinical use. In vitro microdialysis of a bulk solution containing physiological or supraphysiological concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, human IgG, serum albumin, and hemoglobin was performed using two different catheters and perfusion fluids. One had a membrane cut-off of 20 kDa and was used with a standard CNS perfusion fluid, and the other had a membrane cut-off of 100 kDa and was perfused with the same solution supplemented with dextran. The flow rate was 0.3 µl/min. We used both push and push-pull methods. Dialysate samples were collected at 2-h intervals for 6 h and analyzed for relative recovery of each substance. The mean relative recovery of glucose, pyruvate, and lactate was > 90% in all but two sets of experiments. In contrast, the relative recovery of human IgG, serum albumin, and hemoglobin from both bulk solutions was below the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ). Using a push-pull method, recovery of human IgG, serum albumin, and hemoglobin from a bulk solution with supraphysiological concentrations were above LLOQ but with low relative recovery (range 0.9%-1.6%). In summary, exchanging the microdialysis setup from a 20 kDa catheter with a standard perfusion fluid for a 100 kDa catheter with a perfusion solution containing dextran did not affect the relative recovery of glucose and its metabolites. However, it did not result in any useful recovery of the investigated macromolecules at physiological levels, either with or without a push-pull pump system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spille Dorothee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - G Sørensen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L R Olsen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J F Bastlund
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Sotty
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Belling
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M H Olsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - T I Mathiesen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmannsvej 6, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Møller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - F Larsen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Birkeland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmannsvej 6, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Denker N, Dringen R. Modulation of Pyruvate Export and Extracellular Pyruvate Concentration in Primary Astrocyte Cultures. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1331-1346. [PMID: 38376749 PMCID: PMC10991036 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Astrocyte-derived pyruvate is considered to have neuroprotective functions. In order to investigate the processes that are involved in astrocytic pyruvate release, we used primary rat astrocyte cultures as model system. Depending on the incubation conditions and medium composition, astrocyte cultures established extracellular steady state pyruvate concentrations in the range between 150 µM and 300 µM. During incubations for up to 2 weeks in DMEM culture medium, the extracellular pyruvate concentration remained almost constant for days, while the extracellular lactate concentration increased continuously during the incubation into the millimolar concentration range as long as glucose was present. In an amino acid-free incubation buffer, glucose-fed astrocytes released pyruvate with an initial rate of around 60 nmol/(h × mg) and after around 5 h an almost constant extracellular pyruvate concentration was established that was maintained for several hours. Extracellular pyruvate accumulation was also observed, if glucose had been replaced by mannose, fructose, lactate or alanine. Glucose-fed astrocyte cultures established similar extracellular steady state concentrations of pyruvate by releasing pyruvate into pyruvate-free media or by consuming excess of extracellular pyruvate. Inhibition of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 by AR-C155858 lowered extracellular pyruvate accumulation, while inhibition of mitochondrial pyruvate uptake by UK5099 increased the extracellular pyruvate concentration. Finally, the presence of the uncoupler BAM15 or of the respiratory chain inhibitor antimycin A almost completely abolished extracellular pyruvate accumulation. The data presented demonstrate that cultured astrocytes establish a transient extracellular steady state concentration of pyruvate which is strongly affected by modulation of the mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Denker
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry) and Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technologies, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry) and Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technologies, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.
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Jagirdar RM, Pitaraki E, Rouka E, Papazoglou ED, Bartosova M, Zebekakis P, Schmitt CP, Zarogiannis SG, Liakopoulos V. Differential effects of biocompatible peritoneal dialysis fluids on human mesothelial and endothelial cells in 2D and 3D phenotypes. Artif Organs 2024; 48:484-494. [PMID: 38151979 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a life maintaining treatment in patients with end-stage renal disease. Its chronic application leads to peritoneal mesothelial layer denudation and fibrotic transformation along with vascular activation of inflammatory pathways. The impact of different PD fluids (PDF) on mesothelial and endothelial cell function and repair mechanisms are not comprehensively described. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mesothelial (MeT-5A) and endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were cultured in 1:1 ratio with cell medium and different PDF (icodextrin-based, amino acid-based, and glucose-based). Cell adhesion, cell migration, and cell proliferation in 2D and spheroid formation and collagen gel contraction assays in 3D cell cultures were performed. RESULTS Cell proliferation and cell-mediated gel contraction were both significantly decreased in all conditions. 3D spheroid formation was significantly reduced with icodextrin and amino acid PDF, but unchanged with glucose PDF. Adhesion was significantly increased by amino acid PDF in mesothelial cells and decreased by icodextrin and amino acid PDF in endothelial cells. Migration capacity was significantly decreased in mesothelial cells by all three PDF, while endothelial cells remained unaffected. CONCLUSIONS In 3D phenotypes the effects of PDF are more uniform in both mesothelial and endothelial cells, mitigating spheroid formation and gel contraction. On the contrary, effects on 2D phenotypes are more uniform in the icodextrin and amino acid PDF as opposed to glucose ones and affect mesothelial cells more variably. 2D and 3D comparative assessments of PDF effects on the main peritoneal membrane cell barriers, the mesothelial and endothelial, could provide useful translational information for PD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh M Jagirdar
- 2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleanna Pitaraki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Erasmia Rouka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleftherios D Papazoglou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pantelis Zebekakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sotirios G Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- 2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Yadav D, Yadav A, Bhattacharya S, Dagar A, Kumar V, Rani R. GLUT and HK: Two primary and essential key players in tumor glycolysis. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 100:17-27. [PMID: 38494080 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to become "glycolysis-dominant," which enables them to meet their energy and macromolecule needs and enhancing their rate of survival. This glycolytic-dominancy is known as the "Warburg effect", a significant factor in the growth and invasion of malignant tumors. Many studies confirmed that members of the GLUT family, specifically HK-II from the HK family play a pivotal role in the Warburg effect, and are closely associated with glucose transportation followed by glucose metabolism in cancer cells. Overexpression of GLUTs and HK-II correlates with aggressive tumor behaviour and tumor microenvironment making them attractive therapeutic targets. Several studies have proven that the regulation of GLUTs and HK-II expression improves the treatment outcome for various tumors. Therefore, small molecule inhibitors targeting GLUT and HK-II show promise in sensitizing cancer cells to treatment, either alone or in combination with existing therapies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. Despite existing therapies, viable methods to target the glycolysis of cancer cells are currently lacking to increase the effectiveness of cancer treatment. This review explores the current understanding of GLUT and HK-II in cancer metabolism, recent inhibitor developments, and strategies for future drug development, offering insights into improving cancer treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Yadav
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India; Drug Discovery, Jubilant Biosys, Greater Noida, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anubha Yadav
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Sujata Bhattacharya
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Akansha Dagar
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India.
| | - Reshma Rani
- Drug Discovery, Jubilant Biosys, Greater Noida, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Pawlak P, Lipinska P, Sell-Kubiak E, Kajdasz A, Derebecka N, Warzych E. Energy metabolism disorders during in vitro maturation of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes interfere with blastocyst quality and metabolism. Dev Biol 2024; 509:51-58. [PMID: 38342400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Glucose and fatty acids (FA) metabolism disturbances during oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) affect their metabolism and surrounding cumulus cells, but only inhibition of glucose metabolism decreases embryo culture efficiency. Therefore, the present experiment aimed to reveal if glucose or FA metabolism inhibition leads to the disruption of embryo developmental potential, and to characterize the metabolic landscape of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage. Inhibitors of glucose (IO + DHEA) or FA (ETOMOXIR) metabolism were applied during IVM, and the control group was matured under standard conditions. Blastocysts obtained from experimental and control groups were analyzed with regard to lipidome and metabolome (mass spectrometry), transcriptome (RNA-Seq) and fluorescence lipid droplets staining (BODIPY). We showed that inhibition of glucose and fatty acid metabolism leads to cellular stress response compromising the quality of preimplantation embryos. The inhibition of energy metabolism affects membrane fluidity as well as downregulates fatty acids biosynthesis and gene expression of trophectoderm cell line markers. Therefore, we conclude that oocyte maturation environment exerts a substantial effect on preimplantation development programming at cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pawlak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Lipinska
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Sell-Kubiak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kajdasz
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Derebecka
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewelina Warzych
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
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Meloni A, Pistoia L, Putti MC, Longo F, Corigliano E, Ricchi P, Rossi V, Casini T, Righi R, Renne S, Peritore G, Barbuto L, Positano V, Cademartiri F. Pancreatic iron in pediatric transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia patients: A longitudinal MRI study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30923. [PMID: 38385860 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pediatric transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients, we evaluated the prevalence, pattern, and clinical associations of pancreatic siderosis and the changes in pancreatic iron levels and their association with baseline and changes in total body iron balance. PROCEDURE We considered 86 pediatric TDT patients consecutively enrolled in the Extension-Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassemia Network. Iron overload (IO) was quantified by R2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS Sixty-three (73%) patients had pancreatic IO (R2* > 38 Hz). Global pancreas R2* values were significantly correlated with mean serum ferritin levels, MRI liver iron concentration (LIC) values, and global heart R2* values. Global pancreas R2* values were significantly higher in patients with altered versus normal glucose metabolism. Thirty-one patients also performed the follow-up MRI at 18 ± 3 months. Higher pancreatic R2* values were detected at the follow-up, but the difference versus the baseline MRI was not significant. The 20% of patients with baseline pancreatic IO showed no pancreatic IO at the follow-up. The 46% of patients without baseline pancreatic IO developed pancreatic siderosis. The changes in global pancreas R2* between the two MRIs were not correlated with baseline serum ferritin levels, baseline, final, and changes in MRI LIC values, or baseline pancreatic iron levels. CONCLUSIONS In children with TDT, pancreatic siderosis is a frequent finding associated with hepatic siderosis and represents a risk factor for myocardial siderosis and alterations of glucose metabolism. Iron removal from the pancreas is exceptionally challenging and independent from hepatic iron status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Meloni
- Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Pistoia
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
- U.O.C. Ricerca Clinica, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Putti
- Dipartimento della Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Clinica di Emato-Oncologia Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Filomena Longo
- Unità Operativa Day Hospital della Talassemia e delle Emoglobinopatie, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "S. Anna,", Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ricchi
- U.O.S.D. Malattie Rare del Globulo Rosso, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Casini
- SOC Oncologia, Ematologia e Trapianto di Cellule Staminali Emopoietiche, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Righi
- Diagnostica per Immagini e Radiologia Interventistica, Ospedale del Delta, Lagosanto, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Renne
- Struttura Complessa di Cardioradiologia-UTIC, Presidio Ospedaliero "Giovanni Paolo II,", Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Peritore
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Radiologia, "ARNAS" Civico, Di Cristina Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Barbuto
- U.O.C. Radiologia Generale e di Pronto Soccorso, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Positano
- Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Cademartiri
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
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Li X, Su Y, Xu Y, Hu T, Lu X, Sun J, Li W, Zhou J, Ma X, Yang Y, Bao Y. Adipocyte-Specific Hnrnpa1 Knockout Aggravates Obesity-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction via Upregulation of CCL2. Diabetes 2024; 73:713-727. [PMID: 38320300 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1) is involved in lipid and glucose metabolism via mRNA processing. However, whether and how HNRNPA1 alters adipocyte function in obesity remain obscure. Here, we found that the obese state downregulated HNRNPA1 expression in white adipose tissue (WAT). The depletion of adipocyte HNRNPA1 promoted markedly increased macrophage infiltration and expression of proinflammatory and fibrosis genes in WAT of obese mice, eventually leading to exacerbated insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and hepatic steatosis. Mechanistically, HNRNPA1 interacted with Ccl2 and regulated its mRNA stability. Intraperitoneal injection of CCL2-CCR2 signaling antagonist improved adipose tissue inflammation and systemic glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, HNRNPA1 expression in human WAT was negatively correlated with BMI, fat percentage, and subcutaneous fat area. Among individuals with 1-year metabolic surgery follow-up, HNRNPA1 expression was positively related to percentage of total weight loss. These findings identify adipocyte HNRNPA1 as a link between adipose tissue inflammation and systemic metabolic homeostasis, which might be a promising therapeutic target for obesity-related disorders. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhong Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfei Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Bea S, Lee H, Park S, Cho YM, Choi WS, Bykov K, Shin JY. Concomitant Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Overactive Bladder Drugs and the Risk of Urinary Tract Infection. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 115:1132-1140. [PMID: 38284421 PMCID: PMC11023771 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Concomitant use of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and overactive bladder (OAB) drugs potentially poses a risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to the urinary retention of highly concentrated glucose in the urine. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the risk of UTIs among patients who initiated SGLT-2i treatment while taking OAB drugs. This population-based cohort study included new-users of SGLT-2i or comparator antidiabetics (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i); glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA)) with OAB drugs between 2014 and 2020 using claim data from Korea. Primary outcome was a composite UTI event composite end point comprising pyelonephritis, cystitis, and urethritis, using both inpatient and outpatient diagnoses. Propensity score fine stratification was used to adjust for potential confounding factors. Weighted hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model. In the first cohort, 796 and 9,181 new-users of SGLT-2i and DPP-4i with OAB drugs were identified, respectively. This study found a similar risk of UTIs in concomitant users of SGLT-2i and DPP-4i (weighted HR 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 0.88-1.32) with OAB drugs. In the second cohort, 2,387 and 280 new-users of SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA with OAB drugs were identified, respectively. Initiation of SGLT-2i while on OAB treatment was not associated with increased risk of UTI (0.89, 0.50-1.60), compared with initiation of GLP-1RA. These results show that the concomitant use of SGLT-2i with OAB drugs was not associated with an increased risk of UTI compared with the concomitant use of DPP-4i or GLP-1RA with OAB drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Bea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyesung Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Young Min Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Katsiaryna Bykov
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ju-Young Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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Ma XX, Xie HY, Hou PP, Wang XJ, Zhou W, Wang ZH. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 is Essential for Low-Normobaric Oxygen Treatment-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Protection Following Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2938-2948. [PMID: 37950788 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury increases blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, leading to hemorrhagic transformation and brain edema. Normobaric oxygen (NBO) is a routine clinical treatment strategy for this condition. However, its neuroprotective effects remain controversial. This study investigated the effect of different NBO concentrations on I/R injury and explores the involvement of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in the underlying mechanism. A mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, and an oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) model featuring mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) called bEnd.3, were used to investigate the effect of NBO on I/R injury. A reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer and Nrf2-knockdown by RNA were used to explore whether the Nrf2 pathway mediates the effect of NBO on cerebrovascular ECs. In the early stage of MCAO, 40% O2 NBO exposure significantly improved blood perfusion in the ischemic area and effectively relieved BBB permeability, cerebral edema, cerebral injury, and neurological function after MCAO. In the OGD model, 40% O2 NBO exposure significantly reduced apoptosis, inhibited ROS generation, reduced ER stress, upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins, and stabilized the permeability of ECs. Blocking the Nrf2 pathway nullified the protective effect of 40% O2 NBO on ECs after OGD. Finally, our study confirmed that low concentrations of NBO have a neuroprotective effect on I/R by activating the Nrf2 pathway in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Yi Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pin-Pin Hou
- Central Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhen-Hong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Tanner AR, Kennedy VC, Lynch CS, Winger QA, Anthony RV, Rozance PJ. Increasing maternal glucose concentrations is insufficient to restore placental glucose transfer in chorionic somatomammotropin RNA interference pregnancies. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E602-E615. [PMID: 38353640 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00331.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated impaired placental nutrient transfer in chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH) RNA interference (RNAi) pregnancies, with glucose transfer being the most impacted. Thus, we hypothesized that despite experimentally elevating maternal glucose, diminished umbilical glucose uptake would persist in CSH RNAi pregnancies, demonstrating the necessity of CSH for adequate placental glucose transfer. Trophectoderm of sheep blastocysts (9 days of gestational age; dGA) were infected with a lentivirus expressing either nontargeting control (CON RNAi; n = 5) or CSH-specific shRNA (CSH RNAi; n = 7) before transfer into recipient sheep. At 126 dGA, pregnancies were fitted with vascular catheters and underwent steady-state metabolic studies (3H2O transplacental diffusion) at 137 ± 0 dGA, before and during a maternal hyperglycemic clamp. Umbilical glucose and oxygen uptakes, as well as insulin and IGF1 concentrations, were impaired (P ≤ 0.01) in CSH RNAi fetuses and were not rescued by elevated maternal glucose. This is partially due to impaired uterine and umbilical blood flow (P ≤ 0.01). However, uteroplacental oxygen utilization was greater (P ≤ 0.05) during the maternal hyperglycemic clamp, consistent with greater placental oxidation of substrates. The relationship between umbilical glucose uptake and the maternal-fetal glucose gradient was analyzed, and while the slope (CON RNAi, Y = 29.54X +74.15; CSH RNAi, Y = 19.05X + 52.40) was not different, the y-intercepts and elevation were (P = 0.003), indicating reduced maximal glucose transport during maternal hyperglycemia. Together, these data suggested that CSH plays a key role in modulating placental metabolism that ultimately promotes maximal placental glucose transfer.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The current study demonstrated a novel, critical autocrine role for chorionic somatomammotropin in augmenting placental glucose transfer and maintaining placental oxidative metabolism. In pregnancies with CSH deficiency, excess glucose in maternal circulation is insufficient to overcome fetal hypoglycemia due to impaired placental glucose transfer and elevated placental metabolic demands. This suggests that perturbations in glucose transfer in CSH RNAi pregnancies are due to compromised metabolic efficiency along with reduced placental mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia R Tanner
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
- Perinatal Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Victoria C Kennedy
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Cameron S Lynch
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Quinton A Winger
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Russell V Anthony
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Paul J Rozance
- Perinatal Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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Reyes GC, Innes DJ, Ellis JL, Fox MK, Cant JP. Relationship between rate of glucose or propionate infusion and milk protein yield and concentration in dairy cows: A meta-regression. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2785-2796. [PMID: 37806622 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Although postruminal glucose infusion into dairy cows has increased milk protein yield in some past experiments, the same trend has not been observed in others. A meta-regression of 64 sets of observations from 29 previously published glucose and propionate infusion studies in dairy cattle, treating study and experiment (study) as random effects, was performed to establish the general effects of glucose equivalent (GlcE) infusion rate on milk true protein (MTP) yield and content, if any, and to identify independent, fixed-effect variables that accounted for the changes in MTP yield and content that were observed. Candidate explanatory variables included rate and site of infusion, diet composition and intake, body weight and lactation stage of the cows, and the change in nutrient intake between GlcE and control treatments. Across all studies, according to a model containing only the random effects of study and experiment, GlcE infusion at an average of 954 g/d increased MTP yield by 26 g/d, on average, whereas mean MTP content was not affected. Backward stepwise elimination of potential explanatory variables from a full mixed model produced a final, reduced model for MTP yield that retained a positive, second-order quadratic effect of infusion rate of GlcE and a positive, linear effect of the change in crude protein intake (CPI) between GlcE treatment and control. This change in CPI due to GlcE infusion ranged from -0.546 to 0.173 kg/d in the dataset. The model fit indicated that when CPI was allowed to drop during GlcE infusion, the effect of GlcE on MTP yield was smaller than when CPI was maintained or increased, in a manifestation of the classic protein:energy interaction. The final reduced model for MTP content contained the same explanatory variables as for MTP yield, plus a negative effect of intravenous compared with gastrointestinal infusion. Overall, the meta-analysis revealed that both MTP yield, and content were positively related to GlcE infusion rate and to the change in CPI between glucose treatment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Reyes
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada.
| | - D J Innes
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - J L Ellis
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - M K Fox
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - J P Cant
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada.
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Cai X, Hu Z, Zhang M, Dang Q, Yang Q, Zhao X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Fang H, Yu H. Dosage-effect of selenium supplementation on blood glucose and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127410. [PMID: 38377660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of selenium (Se) supplementation on glycemic control is disparate. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effects of different dosages of Se diets on the blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, db/db) and normal (db/m) mice. METHODS The db/db and db/m mice were fed with different dosages of Se supplemented diets (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 2.7 mg/kg) for 12 weeks, respectively. Se concentrations of tissues, physical and biochemical characteristics, oxidative stress indexes and gene expression related to glucose, lipid metabolism and Se transporters of liver were detected. RESULTS The Se concentrations in tissues were related to the dosages of Se supplementation in db/db (blood: slope=11.69, r = 0.924; skeletal muscle: slope=0.36, r = 0.505; liver: slope=22.12, r = 0.828; kidney: slope=11.81, r = 0.736) and db/m mice (blood: slope=19.89, r = 0.876; skeletal muscle: slope=2.80, r = 0.883; liver: slope=44.75, r = 0.717; kidney: slope=60.15, r = 0.960). Compared with Se2.7 group, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of Se0.1 and Se0.3 group were decreased at week3 in db/db mice. Compared with control (Se0) group, the FBG levels of Se2.7 group were increased from week6 to week12 in db/m mice. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of Se0.3 group was lower than that of Se0.9 and Se2.7 group in db/m mice. Furthermore, compared with control group, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in skeletal muscle of Se0.1 group was decreased, while that of Se2.7 group was increased in db/db mice; the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in skeletal muscle of Se0.3, Se0.9 and Se2.7 group was increased both in db/db and db/m mice. For db/db mice, glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic (G6pc) expression of other groups were lower and fatty acid synthase (Fasn) expression of Se0.9 group were lower compared with Se0.3 group. For db/m mice, compared with Se0.3 group, (peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha) Pgc-1α expression of control and Se0.9 group were higher; (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1) Pck1 expression of Se0.1, Se0.9, and Se2.7 group were higher. CONCLUSION Low dosages (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) of Se supplementation exerted beneficial effects on FBG levels and glucose tolerance through regulating hepatic glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and inhibit the oxidative stress while high dosages of Se (0.9 and 2.7 mg/kg) supplementation enhanced FBG levels, impaired glucose tolerance and aggravate oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Cai
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Zhuo Hu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Qinyu Dang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yandi Zhu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yadi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yuchen Wei
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Haiqin Fang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, PR China.
| | - Huanling Yu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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Wagner BR, Rao PS. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: are they ready for prime time in the management of lupus nephritis? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2024; 36:163-168. [PMID: 38517337 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lupus nephritis is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The utility of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in the management of lupus nephritis is currently uncertain. Here, we summarize the rationale for their use among patient with lupus nephritis. RECENT FINDINGS SGLT2 inhibitors were initially developed as antihyperglycemic agents. They have since been shown to have additional, profound effects to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease and lessen the long-term risks of cardiovascular disease in large clinic trials of patients with chronic kidney disease, with and without diabetes, as well as in patients with and without proteinuria. Patients with recent exposure to immunosuppression were excluded from these trials due to concern for risk of infection. In the few, small trials of patients with lupus nephritis, SGLT2 inhibitors were found to be well tolerated. They have been shown to reduce proteinuria and to have modest beneficial effects on blood pressure and BMI among patients with lupus nephritis. They have not been shown to influence disease activity. SUMMARY SGLT2 inhibitors may have a role in mitigating the chronic renal and cardiovascular effects of lupus nephritis. They should be introduced after kidney function has been stabilized with appropriate immunosuppression, in conjunction with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. They currently have no role in active disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Wagner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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46
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Padrona M, Maroquenne M, El-Hafci H, Rossiaud L, Petite H, Potier E. Glucose depletion decreases cell viability without triggering degenerative changes in a physiological nucleus pulposus explant model. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1111-1121. [PMID: 37975418 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the etiology of intervertebral disc degeneration is still unresolved, the nutrient paucity resulting from its avascular nature is suspected of triggering degenerative processes in its core: the nucleus pulposus (NP). While severe hypoxia has no significant effects on NP cells, the impact of glucose depletion, such as found in degenerated discs (0.2-1 mM), is still uncertain. Using a pertinent ex-vivo model representative of the unique disc microenvironment, the present study aimed, therefore, at determining the effects of "degenerated" (0.3 mM) glucose levels on bovine NP explant homeostasis. The effects of glucose depletion were evaluated on NP cell viability, apoptosis, phenotype, metabolism, senescence, extracellular matrix anabolism and catabolism, and inflammatory mediator production using fluorescent staining, RT-qPCR, (immuno)histology, ELISA, biochemical, and enzymatic assays. Compared to the "healthy" (2 mM) glucose condition, exposure to the degenerated glucose condition led to a rapid and extensive decrease in NP cell viability associated with increased apoptosis. Although the aggrecan and collagen-II gene expression was also downregulated, NP cell phenotype, and senescence, matrix catabolism, and inflammatory mediator production were not, or only slightly, affected by glucose depletion. The present study provided evidence for glucose depletion as an essential player in NP cell viability but also suggested that other microenvironment factor(s) may be involved in triggering the typical shift of NP cell phenotype observed during disc degeneration. The present study contributes new information for better understanding disc degeneration at the cellular-molecular levels and thus helps to develop relevant therapeutical strategies to counteract it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanane El-Hafci
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, Paris, France
| | | | - Hervé Petite
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, Paris, France
| | - Esther Potier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, Paris, France
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Voigt JH, Lauritsen KM, Pedersen SB, Hansen TK, Møller N, Jessen N, Laurenti MC, Dalla Man C, Vella A, Gormsen LC, Søndergaard E. Four weeks SGLT2 inhibition improves beta cell function and glucose tolerance without affecting muscle free fatty acid or glucose uptake in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:643-656. [PMID: 38409617 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition lowers glucose levels independently of insulin, leading to reduced insulin secretion and increased lipolysis, resulting in elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFAs). While SGLT2 inhibition improves tissue insulin sensitivity, the increase in circulating FFAs could reduce insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and the liver. We aimed to investigate the effects of SGLT2 inhibition on substrate utilization in skeletal muscle and the liver and to measure beta-cell function and glucose tolerance. METHODS Thirteen metformin-treated individuals with type 2 diabetes were randomized to once-daily empagliflozin 25 mg or placebo for 4 weeks in a crossover design. Skeletal muscle glucose and FFA uptake together with hepatic tissue FFA uptake were measured using [18F]FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and [11C]palmitate PET/CT. Insulin secretion and action were estimated using the oral minimal model. RESULTS Empagliflozin did not affect glucose (0.73 ± 0.30 vs. 1.16 ± 0.64, μmol/g/min p = 0.11) or FFA (0.60 ± 0.30 vs. 0.56 ± 0.3, μmol/g/min p = 0.54) uptake in skeletal muscle. FFA uptake in the liver (21.2 ± 10.1 vs. 19 ± 8.8, μmol/100 ml/min p = 0.32) was unaffected. Empagliflozin increased total beta-cell responsivity (20 ± 8 vs. 14 ± 9, 10-9 min-1, p < 0.01) and glucose effectiveness (2.6 × 10-2 ± 0.3 × 10-2 vs. 2.4 × 10-2 ± 0.3 × 10-2, dL/kg/min, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Despite improved beta-cell function and glucose tolerance, empagliflozin does not appear to affect skeletal muscle FFA or glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrine M Lauritsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Møller
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marcello C Laurenti
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Adrian Vella
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lars C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Schwenger KJP, Sharma D, Ghorbani Y, Xu W, Lou W, Comelli EM, Fischer SE, Jackson TD, Okrainec A, Allard JP. Links between gut microbiome, metabolome, clinical variables and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity in bariatric patients. Liver Int 2024; 44:1176-1188. [PMID: 38353022 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bacterial species and microbial pathways along with metabolites and clinical parameters may interact to contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and disease severity. We used integrated machine learning models and a cross-validation approach to assess this interaction in bariatric patients. METHODS 113 patients undergoing bariatric surgery had clinical and biochemical parameters, blood and stool metabolite measurements as well as faecal shotgun metagenome sequencing to profile the intestinal microbiome. Liver histology was classified as normal liver obese (NLO; n = 30), simple steatosis (SS; n = 41) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; n = 42); fibrosis was graded F0 to F4. RESULTS We found that those with NASH versus NLO had an increase in potentially harmful E. coli, a reduction of potentially beneficial Alistipes putredinis and an increase in ALT and AST. There was higher serum glucose, faecal 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropionic acid and faecal cholic acid and lower serum glycerophospholipids. In NAFLD, those with severe fibrosis (F3-F4) versus F0 had lower abundance of anti-inflammatory species (Eubacterium ventriosum, Alistipes finegoldii and Bacteroides dorei) and higher AST, serum glucose, faecal acylcarnitines, serum isoleucine and homocysteine as well as lower serum glycerophospholipids. Pathways involved with amino acid biosynthesis and degradation were significantly more represented in those with NASH compared to NLO, with severe fibrosis having an overall stronger significant association with Superpathway of menaquinol-10 biosynthesis and Peptidoglycan biosynthesis IV. CONCLUSIONS In bariatric patients, NASH and severe fibrosis were associated with specific bacterial species, metabolic pathways and metabolites that may contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Divya Sharma
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yasaman Ghorbani
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Lou
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena M Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra E Fischer
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy D Jackson
- Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan Okrainec
- Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johane P Allard
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rissanen P, Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A, Niku M, Soveri T, Vanhatalo A, Kokkonen T. Effects of prepartum concentrate feeding on reticular pH, plasma energy metabolites, acute phase proteins, and milk performance in grass silage-fed dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2832-2849. [PMID: 37949403 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how concentrate feeding during the last 21 d of pregnancy affects reticular pH, inflammatory response, dry matter (DM) intake, and production performance of dairy cows. We hypothesized that adding concentrates to dairy cows' diet before calving reduces the decrease in reticular pH postpartum and thus alleviates inflammatory response. We also hypothesized that prepartum concentrate feeding increases DM intake postpartum and consequently improves milk performance. Two feeding experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design. In each experiment, 16 multiparous Finnish Ayrshire cows were paired based on parity, expected calving date, body weight, and milk yield of the previous lactation. Within the pairs, cows were randomly allocated on one of the 2 dietary treatments 21 d before expected calving. In experiment 1 (Exp1), diets were ad libitum feeding of grass silage as a sole feed or supplemented with increasing amounts of concentrate offered separately (increased to 4 kg/d by d -7). In experiment 2 (Exp2), diets were ad libitum feeding of a total mixed ration containing either grass silage, barley straw, and rapeseed meal (64%, 28%, and 8% on DM basis, respectively) or grass silage, barley straw, and cereal-based concentrate mixture (49%, 29%, and 30% on DM basis, respectively). Following calving, all the cows were fed similarly and observed until d 56 postpartum. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily, and reticular pH was monitored continuously by reticular pH bolus. Blood samples were collected at the beginning of the experiments, 7 d before the expected calving date, 1 d (in Exp1) or 5 d (in Exp2), 10 d, and 21 d postpartum. In Exp1, concentrate feeding increased metabolizable energy intake and tended to increase DM and crude protein intake prepartum. Moreover, prepartum concentrate feeding increased the concentrations of plasma β-hydroxybutyrate and insulin, but differences in nonesterified fatty acids, glucose, or acute phase proteins were not observed. After calving, prepartum diet did not affect DM or nutrient intake, plasma energy metabolites, or milk production in Exp1. Although prepartum concentrate feeding increased reticular pH on the first day of lactation, it elevated plasma concentrations of serum amyloid-A and haptoglobin postpartum in the grass silage-based diet. In Exp2, adding concentrates to the diet based on a mixture of grass silage and straw did not affect prepartum DM intake or plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, glucose, or insulin. Adding concentrates to prepartum diet increased plasma concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate before calving as in Exp1. After calving, prepartum concentrate feeding increased DM and nutrient intake during the second week of lactation in Exp2, but no effects were observed thereafter. In contrast to our hypothesis, prepartum concentrate feeding decreased reticular pH after calving in Exp2, but no differences in inflammatory markers were observed. Based on this study, close-up concentrate feeding in diets based on grass silage with or without straw does not alleviate the decrease in reticular pH or mitigate inflammatory response postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rissanen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - M Niku
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Soveri
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Vanhatalo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Kokkonen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Hou L, Du J, Dong Y, Wang M, Wang L, Zhao J. Liraglutide prevents cellular senescence in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) mediated by SIRT1: an implication in diabetes retinopathy. Hum Cell 2024; 37:666-674. [PMID: 38438663 PMCID: PMC11016519 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, characterized by dysregulated glucose homeostasis and hyperglycemia. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the serious multisystemic complications. Aging is an important risk factor for DR. Endothelial sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays an important role in regulating the pathophysiology of glucose metabolism, cellular senescence, and aging. Liraglutide, an analog of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), has been widely used in the treatment of DM. However, the effects of Liraglutide on DR are less reported. Here, we investigated whether treatment with Liraglutide has beneficial effects on high glucose (HG)-induced injury in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs). First, we found that exposure to HG reduced the expression of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor 1 (GLP-1R). Additionally, Liraglutide ameliorated HG-induced increase in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Importantly, Liraglutide ameliorated cellular senescence and increased telomerase activity in HG-challenged HRECs. Liraglutide also reduced the levels of p53 and p21. Mechanistically, Liraglutide restored the expression of SIRT1 against HG. In contrast, the knockdown of SIRT1 abolished the protective effects of Liraglutide in cellular senescence of HRECs. Our findings suggest that Liraglutide might possess a benefit on DR mediated by SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, No. 10, Biyuan Road, Qindu District, Xianyang City, 712000, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianying Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, No. 10, Biyuan Road, Qindu District, Xianyang City, 712000, Shanxi, China
| | - Yongxiao Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, No. 10, Biyuan Road, Qindu District, Xianyang City, 712000, Shanxi, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, No. 10, Biyuan Road, Qindu District, Xianyang City, 712000, Shanxi, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sanyuan Eye Hospital, Xianyang City, 713899, Shanxi, China
| | - Jifei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, No. 10, Biyuan Road, Qindu District, Xianyang City, 712000, Shanxi, China.
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