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Ahmad R, Aldholmi M, Alqathama A, Al Nahab HZ, Almutawah AI. A comprehensive LCMS/MS characterization for the green extracted cucurbitane-triterpenoid glycosides from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) fruit. Food Chem 2024; 445:138479. [PMID: 38387310 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A first-time green extraction and LCMSMS analysis for karavilosides (KVs) VIII, X, and XI in different parts (skin, pith, and seed) of the fresh and dried fruit of bitter melon (BM) is reported herein. Ultrasonication for green extraction whereas, LCMS/MS for KVs quantification were used. More extract yield (675.80 ± 163.57 mg/g) was observed for the dried fruit parts compared to the fresh BM-fruit parts (513.20 ± 75.42 mg/g). The fresh skin (343.40 ± 54.07 mg/4g) and dried seeds (311.80 and 77.95 ± 38.98) exhibited more yield whereas, the solvent yield (mg/4mg) observed was; H2O (651.70) > EtOH (227.20) > EtAC (163.30) > ACT (146.80). The LCMS/MS yield for the KVs revealed a descending order; KVXI (2376.44 ppb) > KVX (639.17 ppb) > KVVIII (599.83 ppb). More correlation was seen for the solvent Vs extract yield whereas, the KVs revealed more correlation for the BM-fruit part (P = 0.05). The study comprehensively characterized the parts of fresh and dried BM-fruits in terms of extract yield and KVs amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Natural Products, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Aldholmi
- Department of Natural Products, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljawharah Alqathama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Zaki Al Nahab
- Department of Natural Products, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhassan Ibrahim Almutawah
- Department of Natural Products, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
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Zheng W, Lan S, Zhang W, Nie B, Zhu K, Ye X, Hou Z, Chen S. Polysaccharide structure evaluation of Ganoderma lucidum from different regions in China based on an innovative extraction strategy. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122079. [PMID: 38616076 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The polysaccharides and triterpenes are important functional components of Ganoderma lucidum, but traditional preparation process of G. lucidum functional components can only realize the preparation of single functional component, which has poor targeting and low efficiency. In this study, the existence state of the functional components of G. lucidum was revealed. Then, the single step extraction process for functional components was established, and the precise structure evaluation of polysaccharide and triterpenes was conducted based on the process. The results showed that preparation time required for this strategy is only one-sixth of the traditional one, and 50 % of raw materials can be saved. Structural analysis of the functional components revealed that triterpenes were mainly Ganoderic acid and Lucidenic acid, and the polysaccharide structure was mainly 1,3-glucan and 1,3,6-glucan. The establishment of single step extraction strategy and the evaluation of the fine structure of functional components improved the efficiency of preparation and result determination, and provided an important basis for the development and utilization of green and low-carbon G. lucidum and even edible fungi resources and human nutritional dietary improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Suqing Lan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bingqian Nie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 315100, China; Longquan Industrial Innovation Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Longquan 323700, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 315100, China; Longquan Industrial Innovation Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Longquan 323700, China.
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Cotrim Ribeiro ST, Gancedo NC, Braz de Oliveira AJ, Correia Gonçalves RA. A comprehensive review of Pfaffia glomerata botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and biotechnology. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 328:118003. [PMID: 38484957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen, Amaranthaceae, is found in South America, mainly in Brazil, where it is considered a species of great medicinal interest owing to its popular use as a tonic, aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic. These properties can be attributed to the presence of the phytosteroid, 20-Hydroxyecdysone (β-ecdysone), the main compound found in its roots. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to provide information about the botanical characteristics, ethnomedicinal uses, the phytochemistry, the biological activities, and the biotechnology of P. glomerata, an important species to local communities and groups researching medicinal plants of South America. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information available on P. glomerata was collected from scientific databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and Scopus) until June 7, 2023, using the search terms "Pfaffia glomerata", "Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen", and "Brazilian ginseng". The review includes studies that evaluated the botanical, ethnopharmacological, and phytochemical aspects, biological properties, nutraceutical uses, and the application of biotechnology for improving the biosynthesis of metabolites of interest. RESULTS A total of 207 studies were identified, with 81 articles read in full. Seventy-six studies were included for qualitative synthesis. Overall, 40 compounds belonging to different classes are presented in this review, including ecdysteroids, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, and polysaccharides. Among them, flavonoids, anthraquinones, tannins, coumarins, and alkaloids were only putatively identified. β-Ecdysone, triterpenes, saponins, and polysaccharides are the chemical components most frequently identified and isolated from P. glomerata and possibly responsible for ethnopharmacological use and the biological activities of this species, with important in vitro and in vivo activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, aphrodisiac, analgesic, gastroprotective, antioxidant, and prebiotic. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes discussions about the P. glomerata species, highlighting its ethnopharmacological, chemical, biotechnological, and nutraceutical importance. New scientific studies on this species are encouraged in the search for new therapeutic molecules with pharmaceutical potential and nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Tavares Cotrim Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Naiara Cássia Gancedo
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Arildo José Braz de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Regina Aparecida Correia Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
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Stein C, Voigts J, Niederreiter L, Kowarschik S, Huber R, Lüth VM. Antiproliferative and immunomodulative potential of Citrullus colocynthis and its bioactive compounds in human lymphocytes and lung cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 328:118053. [PMID: 38499257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad is a member of the Cucurbitaceae plant family which has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of lung diseases such as asthma and bronchitis. AIM OF THE STUDY The study was conducted to investigate antiproliferative and immunomodulating effects of C. colocynthis and isolated cucurbitacins on human T lymphocytes and lung epithelial cells in order to evaluate their potential in the treatment of airway diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different concentrations of an ethanolic extract of C. colocynthis fruits and cucurbitacins B (CuB), E (CuE) and E-glucopyranoside (CuE-Glu) were analysed for their cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory potential on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) of healthy donors and on the epithelial lung cancer cell line A549. Viability and proliferation were tested using WST1 and CFSE assays. Flow cytometric analysis of AnnexinV/PI staining was used to investigate cell death through apoptosis/necrosis. Effects on regulatory mechanisms of T lymphocytes, such as CD69 and CD25 marker activation, cytokine production of the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interferon γ (IFNy) were also analysed via flow cytometry. Influences on the activator protein 1 (AP1), nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) or nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NFκB) pathways were analysed in the Jurkat reporter cell line. Cytokine secretion in A549 cells stimulated with virus-like particles was analysed using the bead-based Legendplex™ assay. RESULTS Non-toxic concentrations of C. colocynthis and CuE-Glu showed dose-dependent effects on viability and proliferation in both T lymphocytes and A549 cells. The extracts inhibited lymphocyte activation and suppressed T cell effector functions, which was also shown by lower production of cytokines IL2, TNFα and IFNy. A dose dependent inhibition of the pathways NFκB, NFAT and AP1 in Jurkat cells could be observed. In A549 cells, especially CuE and CuE-Glu showed inhibitory effects on cytokine production following a simulated viral infection. Unglycosylated cucurbitacins were more effective in suppressing the immune function in lymphocytes than glycosylated cucurbitacins, however this activity is limited to cytotoxic concentrations. CONCLUSION In our study we could confirm the immunmodulating effect of C. colocynthis and cucurbitacins B, E and E-glucopyranoside in vitro by suppression of different pathways of inflammation and T cell proliferation. Activity in a lung cell model using a virus-like stimulation shows promise for further research regarding cucurbitacins in airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Stein
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79102, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Johanna Voigts
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79102, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Lisa Niederreiter
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79102, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Kowarschik
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79102, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Roman Huber
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79102, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Volker M Lüth
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79102, Freiburg, Germany.
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Zhang T, Luo X, Jing L, Mo C, Guo H, Yang S, Wang Y, Zhao K, Lai Y, Liu Y. Toosendanin inhibits T-cell proliferation through the P38 MAPK signalling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176562. [PMID: 38588767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, immunosuppressants have shown significant success in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop additional immunosuppressants that offer more options for patients. Toosendanin has been shown to have immunosuppressive activity in vitro as well as effects on autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in vivo. Toosendanin did not induce apoptosis in activated T-cells and affect the survival rate of naive T-cells. Toosendanin did not affect the expression of CD25 or secretion of IL-2 by activated T-cells, and not affect the expression of IL-4 and INF-γ. Toosendanin did not affect the phosphorylation of STAT5, ERK, AKT, P70S6K. However, toosendanin inhibited proliferation of anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs-activated T-cells with IC50 of (10 ± 2.02) nM. Toosendanin arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, significantly inhibited IL-6 and IL-17A secretion, promoted IL-10 expression, and inhibited the P38 MAPK pathway. Finally, toosendanin significantly alleviated ConA-induced AIH in mice. In Summary, toosendanin exhibited immunosuppressive activity in vivo and in vitro. Toosendanin inhibits the proliferation of activated T-cells through the P38 MAPK signalling pathway, significantly suppresses the expression of inflammatory factors, enhances the expression of anti-inflammatory factors, and effectively alleviates ConA-induced AIH in mice, suggesting that toosendanin may be a lead compound for the development of novel immunomodulatory agents with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyan Luo
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jing
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfen Mo
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Guo
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Yang
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantang Wang
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ketian Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lai
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Guo J, Zhang Y, Zhou R, Hao Y, Wu X, Li G, Du Q. Deciphering the molecular mechanism of Bu Yang Huan Wu Decoction in interference with diabetic pulmonary fibrosis via regulating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorder. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 243:116061. [PMID: 38430615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus type 2 and pulmonary fibrosis have been found to be closely related in clinical practice. Diabetic pulmonary fibrosis (DPF) is a complication of diabetes mellitus, but its treatment has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Bu Yang Huan Wu Decoction (BYHWD) is a well-known traditional Chinese prescription that has shown great efficacy in treating pulmonary fibrosis with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. METHODS The active ingredients of BYHWD and the corresponding targets were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) and SymMap2. Disease-related targets were obtained from the GeneCard, OMIM and CTD databases. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment were carried out using the DAVID database. AutoDock Vina software was employed to perform molecular docking. Molecular dynamics simulations of proteinligand complexes were conducted by Gromacs. Animal experiments were further performed to validate the effects of BYHWD on the selected core targets, markers of oxidative stress, serum lipids, blood glucose and pulmonary fibrosis. RESULTS A total of 84 active ingredients and 830 target genes were screened in BYHWD, among which 56 target genes intersected with DPF-related targets. Network pharmacological analysis revealed that the active ingredients can regulate target genes such as IL-6, TNF-α, VEGFA and CASP3, mainly through AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that IL6-astragaloside IV, IL6-baicalein, TNFα-astragaloside IV, and TNFα-baicalein docking complexes could bind stably. Animal experiments showed that BYHWD could reduce the expression of core targets such as VEGFA, CASP3, IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, BYHWD could reduce blood glucose, lipid, and MDA levels in DPF while increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px. BYHWD attenuated the expression of HYP and collagen I, mitigating pathological damage and collagen deposition within lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS BYHWD modulates lipid metabolism disorders and oxidative stress by targeting the core targets of IL6, TNF-α, VEGFA and CASP3 through the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, making it a potential therapy for DPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Guo
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yanwei Hao
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Xuanyu Wu
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Ganggang Li
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Quanyu Du
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
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Shen P, Deng X, Li T, Chen X, Wu X. Demethylzeylasteral protects against renal interstitial fibrosis by attenuating mitochondrial complex I-mediated oxidative stress. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 327:117986. [PMID: 38437887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a main pathological process in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Demethylzeylasteral (DML), a major component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f., has anti-renal fibrosis effects. However, its mechanism of action remains incompletely understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to comprehensively examine the effects of DML on RIF and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pathological experiments were performed to determine the therapeutic effect of DML on a mouse model of UUO-induced RIF. To determine the novel mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of DML against RIF, a comprehensive transcriptomics analysis was performed on renal tissues, which was further verified by a series of experiments. RESULTS Pathological and immunohistochemical staining showed that DML inhibited UUO-induced renal damage and reduced the expression of fibrosis-related proteins in mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the partial subunits of mitochondrial complex (MC) I and II may be targets by which DML protects against RIF. Furthermore, DML treatment reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, consequently promoting ATP production and mitigating oxidative stress-induced injury in mice and cells. Notably, this protective effect was attributed to the inhibition of MC I activity, suggesting a crucial role for this specific complex in mediating the therapeutic effects of DML against RIF. CONCLUSIONS This study provides compelling evidence that DML may be used to treat RIF by effectively suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress injury mediated by MC I. These findings offer valuable insights into the pharmacological mechanisms of DML and its potential clinical application for patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China.
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Gan Q, Zheng H, Li X, Li J, Ma J, Zhang Y, Han J, Zhang L, Zhou W, Lu Y. Solving the Jigsaw puzzle of phytosterol diversity by a novel sterol methyltransferase from Zea mays. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 240:106498. [PMID: 38447903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Phytosterols are vital structural and regulatory components in plants. Zea mays produces a series of phytosterols that are specific to corn. However, the underline biosynthetic mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we identified a novel sterol methyltransferase from Z. mays (ZmSMT1-2) which showed a unique feature compared with documented plant SMTs. ZmSMT1-2 showed a substrate preference for cycloartenol. Using S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) as a donor, ZmSMT1-2 converted cycloartenol into alkylated sterols with unique side-chain architectures, including Δ25(27) (i.e., cyclolaudenol and cycloneolitsol) and Δ24(25) (i.e., cyclobranol) sterols. Cycloneolitsol is identified as a product of SMTs for the first time. Our discovery provides a previously untapped mechanism for phytosterol biosynthesis and adds another layer of diversity of sterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhua Gan
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Engineering & Research Center of Marine Bioactives and Bioproducts of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Haikou Technology Innovation Center for Research and Utilization of Algal Bioresources, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haifeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Jingxue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Engineering & Research Center of Marine Bioactives and Bioproducts of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Haikou Technology Innovation Center for Research and Utilization of Algal Bioresources, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiakun Han
- Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jining 272031, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shandong Rongchen Pharmaceuticals Inc, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Wenxu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
| | - Yandu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Engineering & Research Center of Marine Bioactives and Bioproducts of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Haikou Technology Innovation Center for Research and Utilization of Algal Bioresources, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China.
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Firdaus Z, Gutti G, Ganeshpurkar A, Kumar A, Krishnamurthy S, Singh SK, Singh TD. Centella asiatica improves memory and executive function in middle-aged rats by controlling oxidative stress and cholinergic transmission. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 325:117888. [PMID: 38336185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, is a medicinal herb with rich history of traditional use in Indian subcontinent. This herb has been valued for its diverse range of medicinal properties including memory booster, and also as a folk treatment for skin diseases, wound healing and mild diuretic. AIM OF STUDY Aging is a gradual and continuous process of natural decay in the biological systems, including the brain. This work aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Centella asiatica (CAE) on age-associated cognitive impairments in rats, as well as the underlying mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were allocated into five distinct groups of 5 animals each: Young rats (3 months old rats), middle-aged (m-aged) rats (13-14 months old), and the remaining three groups were comprised of m-aged rats treated with different concentrations of CAE, viz., 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg b. w., orally for 42 days. Y-maze, open field, novel object recognition, and elevated plus maze tests were used to assess animal behavior. The malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assays; and H&E staining were done in the rat brain to assess the biochemical and structural changes. CAE was also subjected to HPLC analysis, in vitro antioxidant and anti-cholinergic activity. The active compounds of CAE were docked with AChE and BuChE in molecular docking study. RESULTS The results showed that CAE treatment improves behavioral performance; attenuates the age-associated increase in MDA content, SOD, and AChE activity; and reduces neuronal loss. In vitro study showed that CAE has concentration-dependent antioxidant and anti-AChE activity. Furthermore, the presence of Asiatic acid and Madecassic acid in CAE and their good binding with cholinergic enzymes (in silico) also suggest the anticholinergic effect of CAE. CONCLUSION The findings of the current study show that the anticholinergic and antioxidant effects of CAE are attributable to the presence of Asiatic acid and Madecassic acid, which not only provide neuroprotection against age-associated cognitive decline but also reverse it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Firdaus
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Tryambak Deo Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Li JQ, Shi YH, Min-Xu, Shi CX, Teng-Wang, Wang TH, Zuo ZF, Liu XZ. Discovery of astragaloside IV against high glucose-induced apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells: Bioinformatics and in vitro studies. Gene 2024; 905:148219. [PMID: 38286267 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the therapeutic mechanism of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) in the management of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury induced by high glucose (HG), a comprehensive approach involving the integration of network pharmacology and conducting in vitro and in vivo experiments was utilized. METHODS A rat model of diabetic retinopathy (DR) injury was created by administering streptozotocin through intraperitoneal injection. Additionally, a model of RGC injury induced by HG was established using a glucose concentration of 0.3 mmol/mL. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were captured 8 weeks after the injection of AS-IV. AS-IV and FBS were added to the culture medium and incubated for 48 h. The viability of cells was assessed using a CCK-8 assay, while the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using DCFH-DA. Apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin V-PI. To identify the targets of AS-IV, hyperglycemia, and RGC, publicly available databases were utilized. The Metascape platform was employed for conducting GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The STRING database in conjunction with Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to determine common targets of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and to identify the top 10 core target proteins in the RGC based on the MCC algorithm. qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of the top10 core target proteins in RGCs. RESULTS OCT detection indicated that the thickness of the outer nucleus, and inner and outer accessory layers of the retina increased in the AS-IV treated retina compared to that in the DM group but decreased compared to that in the CON group. Coculturing RGC cells with AS-IV after HG induction resulted in a significant increase in cell viability and a decrease in ROS and apoptosis, suggesting that AS-IV can reduce damage to RGC cells caused by high glucose levels by inhibiting oxidative stress. There were 14 potential targets of AS-IV in the treatment of RGC damage induced by high glucose levels. The top 10 core target proteins identified by the MCC algorithm were HIF1α, AKT1, CTNNB1, SMAD2, IL6, SMAD3, IL1β, PPARG, TGFβ1, and NOTCH3. qRT-PCR analysis showed that AS-IV could upregulate the mRNA expression levels of SMAD3, TGF-β1, and NOTCH3, and downregulate the mRNA expression levels of HIF1α, AKT1, CTNNB1, SMAD2, SMAD3, and IL-1β in high glucose-induced RGC cells. CONCLUSION The findings of this study validate the efficacy of astragaloside IV in the treatment of DR and shed light on the molecular network involved. Specifically, HIF1α, AKT1, CTNNB1, SMAD2, SMAD3, and IL-1β were identified as the crucial candidate molecules responsible for the protective effects of astragaloside IV on RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qi Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Ya-Hui Shi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Min-Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Cai-Xing Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Teng-Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 121000, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Zhong-Fu Zuo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China.
| | - Xue-Zheng Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China.
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Bindal P, Roy K, Sarkar B, Rana N, Kapil L, Singh C, Singh A. Intermittent fasting along with hydroalcoholic extract of Centella-asiatica ameliorates sub-acute hypoxia-induced ischemic stroke in adult zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 279:109871. [PMID: 38428624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Reduced blood flow (hypoxia) to the brain is thought to be the main cause of strokes because it deprives the brain of oxygen and nutrients. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that the Centella-Asiatica (HA-CA) hydroalcoholic extract has a variety of pharmacological benefits, such as antioxidant activity, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory qualities, and angiogenesis promotion. Intermittent fasting (IF) has neurological benefits such as anti-inflammatory properties, neuroprotective effects, and the ability to enhance neuroplasticity. The current study evaluates the combined effect of IF (for 1, 6, and 12 days) along with HA-CA (daily up to 12 days) in adult zebrafish subjected to hypoxia every 5 min for 12 days followed by behavioral (novel tank and open-field tank test), biochemical (SOD, GSH-Px, and LPO), inflammatory (IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α), mitochondrial enzyme activities (Complex-I, II, and IV), signaling molecules (AMPK, MAPK, GSK-3β, Nrf2), and imaging/staining (H&E, TTC, and TEM) analysis. Results show that sub-acute hypoxia promotes the behavioral alterations, and production of radical species and alters the oxidative stress status in brain tissues of zebrafish, along with mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and alteration of signaling molecules. Nevertheless, HA-CA along with IF significantly ameliorates these defects in adult zebrafish as compared to their effects alone. Further, imaging analysis significantly provided evidence of infarct damage along with neuronal and mitochondrial damage which was significantly ameliorated by IF and HA-CA. The use of IF and HA-CA has been proven to enhance the physiological effects of hypoxia in all dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bindal
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; Affiliated to I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, formerly Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Jalandhar 144603, India
| | - Kaunava Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; Affiliated to I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, formerly Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Jalandhar 144603, India
| | - Biplob Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; Affiliated to I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, formerly Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Jalandhar 144603, India
| | - Natasha Rana
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; Affiliated to I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, formerly Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Jalandhar 144603, India
| | - Lakshay Kapil
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; Affiliated to I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, formerly Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Jalandhar 144603, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Chauras Campus, Distt. Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; Affiliated to I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, formerly Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Jalandhar 144603, India.
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He Z, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Xie J, Niu Z, Yang G, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Wei S, Wu H, Hu W. Asiaticoside exerts neuroprotection through targeting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Phytomedicine 2024; 127:155494. [PMID: 38471370 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by motor symptoms due to the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (STR), alongside neuroinflammation. Asiaticoside (AS), a primary active component with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, is derived from Centella asiatica. However, the precise mechanisms through which AS influences PD associated with inflammation are not yet fully understood. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the protective mechanism of AS in PD. METHODS Targets associated with AS and PD were identified from the Swiss Target Prediction, Similarity Ensemble Approach, PharmMapper, and GeneCards database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify potential therapeutic targets. Concurrently, GO and KEGG analyses were performed to predict potential signaling pathways. To validate these mechanisms, the effects of AS on 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD in mice were investigated. Furthermore, neuroinflammation and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome were assessed to confirm the anti-inflammatory properties of AS. In vitro experiments in BV2 cells were then performed to investigate the mechanisms of AS in PD. Moreover, CETSA, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) were performed for further validation. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis identified 17 potential targets affected by AS in PD. GO and KEGG analyses suggested the biological roles of these targets, demonstrating that AS interacts with 149 pathways in PD. Notably, the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway was identified as a key pathway mediating AS's effect on PD. In vivo studies demonstrated that AS alleviated motor dysfunction and reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced PD mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that AS substantially decreased IL-1β release in BV2 cells, attributing this to the modulation of the NLRP3 signaling pathway. CETSA and molecular docking studies indicated that AS forms a stable complex with NLRP3. MDs suggested that ARG578 played an important role in the formation of the complex. CONCLUSION In this study, we first predicted that the potential target and pathway of AS's effect on PD could be NLRP3 protein and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway by network pharmacology analysis. Further, we demonstrated that AS could alleviate symptoms of PD induced by MPTP through its interaction with the NLRP3 protein for the first time by in vivo and in vitro experiments. By binding to NLRP3, AS effectively inhibits the assembly and activation of the inflammasome. These findings suggest that AS is a promising inhibitor for PD driven by NLRP3 overactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yeye Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Zhiqiang Niu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guigui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuai Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Haifeng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Weicheng Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Zhang TC, Lin YC, Sun NN, Liu S, Hu WZ, Zhao Y, Dong XH, He XP. Icariin, astragaloside a and puerarin mixture attenuates cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice via inhibition of ferroptosis-lipid peroxidation. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105705. [PMID: 38412923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that seriously threatens the quality of life of the elderly. Its pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. Ferroptosis, a cell death caused by excessive accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Uncontrolled lipid peroxidation is the core process of ferroptosis, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation of ferroptosis may be an important therapeutic target for AD. Based on previous studies, we mixed standards of icariin, astragaloside IV, and puerarin, named the standard mixture YHG, and investigated the effect of YHG on ferroptosis -lipid peroxidation in APP/PS1 mice. DFX, a ferroptosis inhibitor, was used as a control drug. In this study, APP/PS1 mice were used as an AD animal model, and behavioral experiments, iron level detection, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, lipid peroxidation level detection, antioxidant capacity detection, immunofluorescence, Western blot and real-time qPCR were performed. It was found that YHG could reduce body weight, significantly improve abnormal behaviors and the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons in APP/PS1 mice. The results of biochemical tests showed that YHG reduced the contents of iron, malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxide (LPO) in brain tissue and serum, and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Immunofluorescence, WesternBlot and real-time qPCR results showed that YHG could promote the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2) and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4). Inhibited the expression of long-chain acyllipid coenzyme a synthetase 4(ACSL4) and lysophosphatidyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3). This study suggests that the mechanism by which YHG improves cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis-lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ci Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Yi-Can Lin
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Ning-Ning Sun
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Hu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Xian-Hui Dong
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping He
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
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Chen S, Ni J, Luo L, Lin J, Peng H, Shen F, Huang Z. Toosendanin induces hepatotoxicity via disrupting LXRα/Lipin1/SREBP1 mediated lipid metabolism. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 187:114631. [PMID: 38570025 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Toosendanin (TSN) is the main active compound derived from Melia toosendan Sieb et Zucc with various bioactivities. However, liver injury was observed in TSN limiting its clinical application. Lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and its disruption is also essential in TSN-induced hepatotoxicity. This study explored the hepatotoxicity caused by TSN in vitro and in vivo. The lipid droplets were significantly decreased, accompanied by a decrease in fatty acid transporter CD36 and crucial enzymes in the lipogenesis including ACC and FAS after the treatment of TSN. It was suggested that TSN caused lipid metabolism disorder in hepatocytes. TOFA, an allosteric inhibitor of ACC, could partially restore cell survival via blocking malonyl-CoA accumulation. Notably, TSN downregulated the LXRα/Lipin1/SREBP1 signaling pathway. LXRα activation improved cell survival and intracellular neutral lipid levels, while SREBP1 inhibition aggravated the cell damage and caused a further decline in lipid levels. Male Balb/c mice were treated with TSN (5, 10, 20 mg/kg/d) for 7 days. TSN exposure led to serum lipid levels aberrantly decreased. Moreover, the western blotting results showed that LXRα/Lipin1/SREBP1 inhibition contributed to TSN-induced liver injury. In conclusion, TSN caused lipid metabolism disorder in liver via inhibiting LXRα/Lipin1/SREBP1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiajie Ni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinxian Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongjie Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feihai Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhiying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Liu N, Niu M, Luo S, Lv L, Quan X, Wang C, Meng Z, Yuan J, Xu Q, Liu Y. Rosamultin ameliorates radiation injury via promoting DNA injury repair and suppressing oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 393:110938. [PMID: 38484825 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy remains the preferred treatment option for cancer patients with the advantages of broad indications and significant therapeutic effects. However, ionizing radiation can also damage normal tissues. Unfortunately, there are few anti-radiation damage drugs available on the market for radiotherapy patients. Our previous study showed that rosamultin had antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. However, its anti-radiation activity has not been evaluated. Irradiating small intestinal epithelial cells and mice with whole-body X-rays radiation were used to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of rosamultin, respectively. Intragastric administration of rosamultin improved survival, limited leukocyte depletion, and reduced damage to the spleen and small intestine in irradiated mice. Rosamultin reversed the downregulation of the apoptotic protein BCL-2 and the upregulation of BAX in irradiated mouse small intestine tissue and in irradiation-induced small intestinal epithelial cells. DNA-PKcs antagonists reversed the promoting DNA repair effects of rosamulin. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed that rosamultin promoted Translin-associated protein X (TRAX) into the nucleus. Knockdown of TRAX reduced the protective effect of rosamultin against DNA damage. In addition, rosamultin reduced irradiation-induced oxidative stress through promoting Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. To sum up, in vitro and in vivo experiments using genetic knockdown and pharmacological activation demonstrated that rosamultin exerts radioprotection via the TRAX/NHEJ and Nrf2/HO pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Innovation and Translation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mengxin Niu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Innovation and Translation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Saiyan Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Innovation and Translation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Lijuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Innovation and Translation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Quan
- Scientific Experimental Center of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Chang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 100850, China
| | - Jingquan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Innovation and Translation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Innovation and Translation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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Gao P, Shi H, Jin X, Guo S, Zhou X, Gao W. Mechanism of astragaloside IV regulating NLRP3 through LOC102555978 to attenuate cerebral ischemia reperfusion induced microglia pyroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111862. [PMID: 38513574 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV(ASⅣ), the main component of Radix Astragali, has been used to treat cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, the molecular mechanism of ASIV in CIRI needs to be further elucidated. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is considered to be an important kind of regulatory molecule in CIRI. In this work, the biological effect and molecular mechanism of ASIV in CIRI through lncRNA were analyzed by using rat middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) model and primary rat microglia (RM) cells oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model. The neurological deficit score was evaluated, the volume of cerebral infarction was calculated, and pyroptosis related molecules were detected by qPCR and western blot. Then, high-throughput sequencing was performed in sham and MCAO/R groups. The competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks associated with pyroptosis were constructed by functional enrichment analysis. CCK-8 detection of cell survival rate, qPCR and western blot were used to determine the specific molecular mechanism of ASⅣ through ceRNA in vitro. Results showed thatASⅣ could decrease the neurological deficit score, reduce the volume of cerebral infarction, inhibit inflammatory reaction and pyroptosis in MCAO/R model rats. Next, the ceRNA network was established, including the LOC102555978/miR-3584-5p/NLRP3 regulatory network. In vitro experiments showed that LOC102555978 promotes NLRP3 mediated pyroptosis of RM cells through sponge adsorption of miR-3584-5p, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for post-CIRI inflammation regulation. ASⅣ could inhibit pyroptosis of RM cells by down-regulating LOC102555978. LOC102555978/miR-3584-5p/NLRP3 may be the molecular mechanism of ASⅣ's CIRI protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Haowei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaofei Jin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Shuhan Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Weijuan Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
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17
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Surendran K, Pradeep S, Pillai PP. Comparative transcriptome and metabolite profiling reveal diverse pattern of CYP-TS gene expression during corosolic acid biosynthesis in Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:122. [PMID: 38642121 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Extensive leaf transcriptome profiling and differential gene expression analysis of field grown and elicited shoot cultures of L. speciosa suggest that differential synthesis of CRA is mediated primarily by CYP and TS genes, showing functional diversity. Lagerstroemia speciosa L. is a tree species with medicinal and horticultural attributes. The pentacyclic triterpene, Corosolic acid (CRA) obtained from this species is widely used for the management of diabetes mellitus in traditional medicine. The high mercantile value of the compound and limited availability of innate resources entail exploration of alternative sources for CRA production. Metabolic pathway engineering for enhanced bioproduction of plant secondary metabolites is an attractive proposition for which, candidate genes in the pathway need to be identified and characterized. Therefore, in the present investigation, we focused on the identification of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and oxidosqualene cyclases (OSC) genes and their differential expression during biosynthesis of CRA. The pattern of differential expression of these genes in the shoot cultures of L. speciosa, elicited with different epigenetic modifiers (azacytidine (AzaC), sodium butyrate (NaBu) and anacardic acid (AA)), was studied in comparison with field grown plant. Further, in vitro cultures with varying (low to high) concentrations of CRA were systematically assessed for the expression of CYP-TS and associated genes involved in CRA biosynthesis by transcriptome sequencing. The sequenced samples were de novo assembled into 180,290 transcripts of which, 92,983 transcripts were further annotated by UniProt. The results are collectively given in co-occurrence heat maps to identify the differentially expressed genes. The combined transcript and metabolite profiles along with RT-qPCR analysis resulted in the identification of CYP-TS genes with high sequence variation. Further, instances of concordant/discordant relation between CRA biosynthesis and CYP-TS gene expression were observed, indicating functional diversity in genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Surendran
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, 671320, India
| | - Siya Pradeep
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, 671320, India
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18
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Rao Y, Li J, Qiao R, Luo J, Liu Y. Synergistic effects of tetramethylpyrazine and astragaloside IV on spinal cord injury via alteration of astrocyte A1/A2 polarization through the Sirt1-NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111686. [PMID: 38461631 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reactive astrocytes are hallmarks of traumatic spinal cord injury (T-SCI) and are associated with neuropathic pain (NP). Mediating the functional phenotype of reactive astrocytes helps neural repair and ameliorates NP in T-SCI. Here, we aimed to explore the role of tetramethylpyrazine (TMPZ) and astragaloside IV (AGS-IV) in astrocyte polarization and the underlying molecular mechanism in T-SCI. METHODS Primary cultured astrocytes from mice were treated with LPS or conditioned medium from "M1" polarized microglia (M1-CM), followed by TMPZ and/or AGS-IV administration. The expression levels of "A1" astrocyte-specific markers (including C3, GBP2, Serping1, iNOS), "A2" astrocyte-specific markers (including S100a10 and PTX3), Sirt1 and NF-κB were detected via western blotting. TNF-α and IL-1β levels were detected via ELISA. RT-PCR was used to evaluate OIP5-AS1 and miR-34a expression. si-OIP5-AS1 or the Sirt1 inhibitor EX-527 was administered to astrocytes. A spinal cord injury (SCI) model was constructed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Alterations in astrocytic "A1/A2" polarization in the spinal cord tissues were evaluated. RESULTS LPS and M1-CM induced "A1" polarization of primary astrocytes. TMPZ and ASG IV could substantially reduce the expression of "A1"-related biomarkers but enhance "A2"-related biomarkers. OIP5-AS1 and Sirt1 levels were reduced in "A1"-polarized astrocytes, while miR-34a and p-NF-κB p65 were elevated. TMPZ and ASG IV enhanced OIP5-AS1 and Sirt1 levels and, in contrast, attenuated the changes in miR-34a and p-NF-κB p65 levels. Notably, the TMPZ and ASG IV combination had stronger effects on astrocyte polarization than the single treatment with TMPZ or ASG IV. OIP5-AS1 knockdown and Sirt1 inhibition both reversed the regulatory effects of TMPZ and ASG IV in astrocytic polarization. According to the in vivo experiments, the expression of "A1"-associated markers was enhanced in the spinal cords of SCI rats. The TMPZ and ASG IV combination reduced astrocytic "A1" polarization and enhanced astrocytic "A2" polarization. The expression of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 and Sirt1 was enhanced by TMPZ and ASG IV, while that of miR-34a and p-NF-κB p65 was inhibited. CONCLUSION The combination of TMPZ and ASG IV can ameliorate dysregulated astrocytic polarization induced by spinal cord injury by affecting the lncRNA OIP5-AS1-Sirt1-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojian Rao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Ruofei Qiao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jinxin Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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Li XB, Huang CL, Zhang Y, Ding JY, Xiang GS, Zhang GH, Yang SC, Hao B. Promiscuous Oxidosqualene Cyclases from Neoalsomitra integrifoliola Catalyzing the Formation of Tetracyclic, Pentacyclic, and Heterocyclic Triterpenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:3119-3123. [PMID: 38588021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Six oxidosqualene cyclases (NiOSC1-NiOSC6) from Neoalsomitra integrifoliola were characterized for the biosynthesis of diverse triterpene scaffolds, including tetracyclic and pentacyclic triterpenes from the 2,3-oxidosqualene (1) and oxacyclic triterpenes from the 2,3:22,23-dioxidosqualene (2). NiOSC1 showed high efficiency in the production of naturally rare (20R)-epimers of oxacyclic triterpenes. Mutagenesis results revealed that the NiOSC1-F731G mutant significantly increased the yields of (20R)-epimers compared to the wild type. Homology modeling and molecular docking elucidated the origin of the (20R)-configuration in the epoxide addition step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Chun-Li Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Jing-Yang Ding
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Gui-Sheng Xiang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Sheng-Chao Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan 650106, China
| | - Bing Hao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan 650106, China
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20
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You X, Qiu J, Li Q, Zhang Q, Sheng W, Cao Y, Fu W. Astragaloside IV-PESV inhibits prostate cancer tumor growth by restoring gut microbiota and microbial metabolic homeostasis via the AGE-RAGE pathway. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:472. [PMID: 38622523 PMCID: PMC11017490 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is becoming the most common malignancy in men worldwide. We investigated the effect of astragaloside IV combined with PESV on the gut microbiota and metabolite of PCa mice and the process of treating PCa. METHODS Nude mice were genetically modified to develop tumors characteristic of PCa. The treatment of PCa mice involved the administration of a combination of astragaloside IV and peptides derived from scorpion venom (PESV). Feces were collected for both 16 S rDNA and metabolic analysis. Fecal supernatant was extracted and used for fecal transplantation in PCa mice. Tumor development was observed in both PCa mice and nude mice. Tumor histopathology was examined, and the expression of inflammatory factors and the AGE-RAGE axis in PCa tissues were analyzed. RESULTS PCa mice treated with Astragaloside IV in combination with PESV showed a significant reduction in tumor volume and weight, and stabilization of gut microbiota and metabolites. At the Genus level, significant differences were observed in Porphyromonas, Corynebacterium, Arthromitus and Blautia, and the differential metabolites were PA16_016_0, Astragaloside+, Vitamin A acid, Nardosinone, a-Nortestoster, D-Pantethine, Hypoxanthine, Pregnenolone, cinnamic acid, Pyridoxa, Cirtruline and Xanthurenate. There was a correlation between gut microbiota and metabolites. After the fecal transplantation, tumor growth was effectively suppressed in the PCa mice. Notably, both the mRNA and protein levels of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were significantly decreased. Furthermore, the expression of inflammatory factors, namely NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6, in the tumor tissues was significantly attenuated. Conversely, upregulation of RAGE led to increased inflammation and reversed tumor growth in the mice. CONCLUSION Astragaloside IV combined with PESV could treat PCa by intervening in gut microbiota composition and metabolite by targeting RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun You
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 518101, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junfeng Qiu
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 518033, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qixin Li
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 518101, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 518101, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Sheng
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine and Health Care, Hunan University of Medicine, 418000, Huaihua, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, 418000, Huaihua, China
| | - Yiguo Cao
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 518101, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 518101, Shenzhen, China.
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21
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Yang T, Zhao X, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Xie J. Elucidating the anti-inflammatory activity of platycodins in lung inflammation through pulmonary distribution dynamics and grey relational analysis of cytokines. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 323:117706. [PMID: 38176670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Platycodonis Radix (PR) is a traditional herbal remedy used to prevent and treat lung inflammation, and platycodins are speculated to be the major active constituents. However, concrete experimental verification for this assertion remains absent thus far. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to compare the pulmonary distribution dynamics of five platycodins and analyze their effects on cytokines. Through the grey relational analysis (GRA) between pulmonary active components and cytokines, the study ascertains platycodins as the potential effective component against lung inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat lung inflammation model was created using lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Pulmonary distribution dynamics were analyzed via LC-MS/MS. Cytokine changes and distribution patterns in lung tissues were studied by multi-factor reagent kit. GRA was applied to determine correlations between pulmonary components and cytokines. Finally, the anti-inflammatory properties of platycodins were further studied using LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells in vitro. RESULTS The results showed that five platycodins (Platycodin D, Platycodin D3, Deapio Platycodin D, 3-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl Platycodigenin, and Platycodigenin) featured fast absorption rate, short time to peak, and slow metabolism rate. The pulmonary distribution dynamics were significantly affected within 2 h after LPS modeling. At the same time, PR altered the relationships among different cytokines induced by LPS stimulation, particularly inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IFN-γ. The GRA results indicated good correlation between the pulmonary distribution dynamics of the five platycodins components and the changing patterns of cytokine levels, with Platycodin D3 contributing the most. Additionally, Platycodin D3 exhibited a protective role against LPS-induced inflammation by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-8, and ROS, as well as increasing the expression of the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Platycodins are the main anti-inflammatory agents in PR and there is a good correlation with cytokines. This contributes to the anti-pneumonia effect of PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhao
- Chemistry of Department, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Qing Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Junbo Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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22
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Lee SH, Kim JR, Shin JK, Lee JS, Kim YM, Kwak JH, Kim HS. Dendropanoxide Attenuates High Glucose-induced Oxidative Damage in NRK-52E Cells via AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Planta Med 2024; 90:256-266. [PMID: 38040033 DOI: 10.1055/a-2220-9301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a potent risk factor for the development and progression of diabetes-induced nephropathy. Dendropanoxide (DPx) is a natural compound isolated from Dendropanax morbifera (Araliaceae) that exerts various biological effects. However, the role of DPx in hyperglycemia-induced renal tubular cell injury remains unclear. The present study explored the protective mechanism of DPx on high glucose (HG)-induced cytotoxicity in kidney tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells. The cells were cultured with normal glucose (5.6 mM), HG (30 mM), HG + metformin (10 µM), or HG + DPx (10 µM) for 48 h, and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. Protein-based nephrotoxicity biomarkers were measured in both the culture media and cell lysates. MDA and AGEs were significantly increased in NRK-52E cells cultured with HG, and these levels were markedly reduced by pretreatment with DPx or metformin. DPx significantly reduced the levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1), or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in NRK-52E cells cultured under HG conditions. Furthermore, treatment with DPx significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activity. DPx protects against HG-induced renal tubular cell damage, which may be mediated by its ability to inhibit oxidative stress through the protein kinase B/mammalian target of the rapamycin (AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway. These findings suggest that DPx can be used as a new drug for the treatment of high glucose-induced diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Kyunggi-Do, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ri Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Kyunggi-Do, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Kyung Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Kyunggi-Do, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Kyunggi-Do, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Kwak
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Kyunggi-Do, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Kyunggi-Do, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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23
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Martin LBB, Kikuchi S, Rejzek M, Owen C, Reed J, Orme A, Misra RC, El-Demerdash A, Hill L, Hodgson H, Liu Y, Keasling JD, Field RA, Truman AW, Osbourn A. Complete biosynthesis of the potent vaccine adjuvant QS-21. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:493-502. [PMID: 38278997 PMCID: PMC10972754 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
QS-21 is a potent vaccine adjuvant currently sourced by extraction from the Chilean soapbark tree. It is a key component of human vaccines for shingles, malaria, coronavirus disease 2019 and others under development. The structure of QS-21 consists of a glycosylated triterpene scaffold coupled to a complex glycosylated 18-carbon acyl chain that is critical for immunostimulant activity. We previously identified the early pathway steps needed to make the triterpene glycoside scaffold; however, the biosynthetic route to the acyl chain, which is needed for stimulation of T cell proliferation, was unknown. Here, we report the biogenic origin of the acyl chain, characterize the series of enzymes required for its synthesis and addition and reconstitute the entire 20-step pathway in tobacco, thereby demonstrating the production of QS-21 in a heterologous expression system. This advance opens up unprecedented opportunities for bioengineering of vaccine adjuvants, investigating structure-activity relationships and understanding the mechanisms by which these compounds promote the human immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Rejzek
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - James Reed
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Amr El-Demerdash
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lionel Hill
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Yuzhong Liu
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Jay D Keasling
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Center for Biosustainability, Danish Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institutes for Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Anne Osbourn
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
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24
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Herbert LA, Bruguière A, Derbré S, Richomme P, Peña-Rodríguez LM. 13C NMR dereplication-assisted isolation of bioactive polyphenolic metabolites from Clusia flava Jacq. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1089-1098. [PMID: 36214555 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2130917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Presently it is estimated that many of the approximately 4000 new natural products isolated every year following complicated, long, and expensive isolation processes are already known; because of this, developing new strategies for locating secondary metabolites of interest in complex extracts or fractions is important. Currently, chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques are being used to optimize the isolation and identification of natural products. In this investigation we have used 13C NMR dereplication analyses for the quick identification of a number of triterpenes (friedelin, lupeol, betulinic acid), sterols (euphol, β-sitosterol) and fatty acids (palmitic acid) present in semipurified fractions obtained from the stem bark extract of Clusia flava and to assist in the isolation of the bioactive metabolites trapezifolixanthone and paralycolin A. The complete and correct assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data for paralycolin A is reported for the first time and the antioxidant and antiAGEs activity of both metabolites is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Herbert
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Biotecnología, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Antoine Bruguière
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Séverine Derbré
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Richomme
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Luis M Peña-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Biotecnología, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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25
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Liu N, Ji Y, Liu R, Jin X. The state of astragaloside IV research: A bibliometric and visualized analysis. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:208-224. [PMID: 37700611 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragaloside IV has emerged as a pharmaceutical monomer with great medical applications and potential. Astragaloside IV has many effects such as improving myocardial ischemia, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, promoting lymphocyte proliferation, and antitumor effects. However, there are few bibliometric studies on astragaloside IV. OBJECTIVES We aim to visualize the hotspots and trends in astragaloside IV research through bibliometric analysis to further understand the future development of basic and clinical research. Methods The articles and reviews on astragaloside IV were screened from the Web of Science Core Collection, and knowledge maps were generated using CiteSpace software. Bibliometric analysis was performed on 971 articles published from 1998 to 2022. RESULTS The number of articles on astragaloside IV increased yearly. These publications came from 42 countries/regions, with China being the largest. The primary research institutions were Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology was the most studied journal and co-cited journal. A total of 473 authors were included, among which Hongxin Wang had the highest number of publications and Zhang Wd had the highest total citation frequency. After analysis, the most common keywords are astragaloside IV, expression, and oxidative stress. Cardiovascular disease, cerebral ischemia, cancer, and kidney disease are current and developing research fields. CONCLUSION This study used bibliometrics and visualization methods to analyze the research hotspots and trends of astragaloside IV. Astragaloside IV on ischemia-reperfusion injury, cancer, and tumor may become the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yansu Ji
- Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Military Medicine Section, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
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Li QZ, Chen YY, Liu QP, Feng ZH, Zhang L, Zhang H. Cucurbitacin B suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression through inducing DNA damage-dependent cell cycle arrest. Phytomedicine 2024; 126:155177. [PMID: 38412667 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality rate of liver cancer ranks third in the world, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract. Cucurbitacin B (CuB), a natural compound extracted from Cucurbitaceae spp., is the main active component of Chinese patent medicine the Cucurbitacin Tablet, which has been widely used in the treatment of various malignant tumors in clinics, especially HCC. PURPOSE This study explored the role and mechanism of CuB in the suppression of liver cancer progression. METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were used to detect the inhibitory function of CuB in Huh7, Hep3B, and Hepa1/6 hepatoma cells. Calcein-AM/propidium iodide (PI) staining and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) measurement assays were performed to determine cell death. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was measured, and flow cytometry was performed to evaluate cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Several techniques, such as proteomics, Western blotting (WB), and ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference, were utilized to explore the potential mechanism. The animal experiment was performed to verify the results of in vitro experiments. RESULTS CuB significantly inhibited the growth of Huh7, Hep3B, and Hepa1/6 cells and triggered the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phage without leading to cell death, especially apoptosis. Knockdown of insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1), a target of CuB, did not reverse CuB elicited cell cycle arrest. CuB enhanced phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (p-ATM) and phosphorylated H2A histone family member X (γ-H2AX) levels. Moreover, CuB increased p53 and p21 levels and decreased cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) expression, accompanied by improving phosphorylated checkpoint kinase 1 (p-CHK1) level and suppressing cell division cycle 25C (CDC25C) protein level. Interestingly, these phenomena were partly abolished by a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) protector methylproamine (MPA). Animal studies showed that CuB also significantly suppressed tumor growth in BALB/c mice bearing Hepa1/6 cells. In tumor tissues, CuB reduced the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and γ-H2AX but did not change the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labeling (TUNEL) level. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated for the first time that CuB could effectively impede HCC progression by inducing DNA damage-dependent cell cycle arrest without directly triggering cell death, such as necrosis and apoptosis. The effect was achieved through ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent p53-p21-CDK1 and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1)-CDC25C signaling pathways. These findings indicate that CuB may be used as an anti-HCC drug, when the current findings are confirmed by independent studies and after many more clinical phase 1, 2, 3, and 4 testings have been done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhang Li
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
| | - Yu-Ying Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Feng
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China.
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Üremiş MM, Türköz Y, Üremiş N. Investigation of apoptotic effects of Cucurbitacin D, I, and E mediated by Bax/Bcl-xL, caspase-3/9, and oxidative stress modulators in HepG2 cell line. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22174. [PMID: 38494997 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cucurbitacins, natural compounds highly abundant in the Cucurbitaceae plant family, are characterized by their anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. These compounds have potential as therapeutic agents in the treatment of liver cancer. This study investigated the association of cucurbitacin D, I, and E (CuD, CuI, and CuE) with the caspase cascade, Bcl-2 family, and oxidative stress modulators in the HepG2 cell line. We evaluated the antiproliferative effects of CuD, CuI, and CuE using the MTT assay. We analyzed Annexin V/PI double staining, cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential, and wound healing assays at different doses of the three compounds. To examine the modulation of the caspase cascade, we determined the protein and gene expression levels of Bax, Bcl-xL, caspase-3, and caspase-9. We evaluated the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), Total, and Native Thiol levels to measure cellular redox status. CuD, CuI, and CuE suppressed the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The cucurbitacins induced apoptosis by increasing caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax activity, inhibiting Bcl-xL activation, causing loss of ΔΨm, and suppressing cell migration. Furthermore, cucurbitacins modulated oxidative stress by increasing TOS levels and decreasing SOD, GSH, TAS, and total and native Thiol levels. Our findings suggest that CuD, CuI, and CuE exert apoptotic effects on the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line by regulating Bax/Bcl-xL, caspase-3/9 signaling, and causing intracellular ROS increase in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mehdi Üremiş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Türköz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nuray Üremiş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Chen X, Yang T, Zhou Y, Mei Z, Zhang W. Astragaloside IV combined with ligustrazine ameliorates abnormal mitochondrial dynamics via Drp1 SUMO/deSUMOylation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14725. [PMID: 38615367 PMCID: PMC11016344 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Astragaloside IV (AST IV) and ligustrazine (Lig), the main ingredients of Astragali Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma respectively, have demonstrated significant benefits in treatment of cerebral ischemia -reperfusion injury (CIRI); however, the mechanisms underlying its benificial effects remain unclear. SUMO-1ylation and deSUMO-2/3ylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) results in mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance following CIRI, which subsequently aggravates cell damage. This study investigates the mechanisms by which AST IV combined with Lig protects against CIRI, focusing on the involvement of SUMOylation in mitochondrial dynamics. METHODS Rats were administrated AST IV and Lig for 7 days, and middle cerebral artery occlusion was established to mimic CIRI. Neural function, cerebral infarction volume, cerebral blood flow, cognitive function, cortical pathological lesions, and mitochondrial morphology were measured. SH-SY5Y cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury. Mitochondrial membrane potential and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were assessed with commercial kits. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to detect the binding of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 to Drp1. The protein expressions of Drp1, Fis1, MFF, OPA1, Mfn1, Mfn2, SUMO1, SUMO2/3, SENP1, SENP2, SENP3, SENP5, and SENP6 were measured using western blot. RESULTS In rats with CIRI, AST IV and Lig improved neurological and cognitive functions, restored CBF, reduced brain infarct volume, and alleviated cortical neuron and mitochondrial damage. Moreover, in SH-SY5Y cells, the combination of AST IV and Lig enhanced cellular viability, decreased release of LDH and ROS, increased ATP content, and improved mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, AST IV combined with Lig reduced the binding of Drp1 with SUMO1, increased the binding of Drp1 with SUMO2/3, suppressed the expressions of Drp1, Fis1, MFF, and SENP3, and increased the expressions of OPA1, Mfn1, Mfn2, SENP1, SENP2, and SENP5. SUMO1 overexpression promoted mitochondrial fission and inhibited mitochondrial fusion, whereas SUMO2/3 overexpression suppressed mitochondrial fission. AST IV combined with Lig could reverse the effects of SUMO1 overexpression while enhancing those of SUMO2/3 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS This study posits that the combination of AST IV and Lig has the potential to reduce the SUMO-1ylation of Drp1, augment the SUMO-2/3ylation of Drp1, and thereby exert a protective effect against CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio‐Cerebral DiseasesCollege of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
- The First Clinical Medicine School of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio‐Cerebral DiseasesCollege of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio‐Cerebral DiseasesCollege of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio‐Cerebral DiseasesCollege of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
- Third‐Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesChina Three Gorges UniversityYichangHubeiChina
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of PharmacyHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
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Tchinda AM, Nanfack ARD, Tamokou JDD, Matsuete-Takongmo G, Tsopmo A, Ali MS, Tene M. Echinograciolide, a new antibacterial nor-triterpenoid and other constituents from Echinops gracilis O. Hoffm. (Asteraceae). Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1108-1119. [PMID: 36214723 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2132497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance is a serious threat against humankind and the search for new therapeutics is needed. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of extracts and compounds from Echinops gracilis O. Hoffm. Standard chromatographic and spectroscopic methods were used to isolate and characterize compounds (1-15) from the methanol extract. The extract, chromatographic fractions and compounds 1-3, 8, 11, 13 and 14 were subjected to in vitro antibacterial assays against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Salmonella Typhi ATCC6539, Klebsiella pneumoniae 22, and Salmonella Typhi 68, using broth micro-dilution method. As results, a new nor-triterpenoid (1) and fourteen known compounds (2-15) were characterized. The extract and fractions displayed moderate (128 ≤ MIC ≤ 512 μg/mL) and significant (MIC 64 μg/mL) antibacterial activities. Compounds 1 and 14 showed the best anti-staphylococcal and anti-salmonella activity (MIC 16 µg/mL), respectively. These results partially justified the antimicrobial uses of E. gracilis in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Mbe Tchinda
- Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Arno R Donfack Nanfack
- Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jean-De-Dieu Tamokou
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Germaine Matsuete-Takongmo
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Apollinaire Tsopmo
- Food Science Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Muhammad Shaiq Ali
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mathieu Tene
- Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Herr L, Ye JR, Kang SW, Ro ST, Chae YK, Lee KE, Kim MS, Jih MK, Lee C, Choi SC, Nam OH. Effect of intra-alveolar delivery of Frondoside A on inflammatory response of delayed tooth replantation. Dent Traumatol 2024; 40:178-186. [PMID: 37731288 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Frondoside A is a sea cucumber extract which is well known for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Frondoside A application in the alveolar socket on inflammatory responses after delayed replantation in rat teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured and exposed to Frondoside A. Cell-counting kit-8 assay was performed to evaluate the cell viability and nitric oxide assay was performed to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of Frondoside A. Molars were extracted from 32 Sprague-Dawley rats and randomly divided into control and Frondoside A groups. After 30 min of extra-oral dry time, molars were replanted. In the Frondoside A group, Frondoside A solution was applied in the alveolar socket before replantation. The animals were sacrificed after 28 days and histologically and immunohistochemically evaluated. RESULTS 0.5 μM Frondoside A showed higher cellular viability at 6 h and lower production of nitric oxide compared with other Frondoside A solutions (p < .05). The Frondoside A group demonstrated lower inflammatory resorption scores in both middle 1/3 and apical 1/3 of root compared to the control group (p < .05). The Frondoside A group showed lower levels of expression in both cathepsin K and CD45 compared with the control group (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study, intra-alveolar delivery of Frondoside A alleviates inflammatory root resorption in delayed replantation of rat teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lar Herr
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Ri Ye
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee Universtiy Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Tae Ro
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee Universtiy Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Kwon Chae
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee Universtiy Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ko Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee Universtiy Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Sun Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeong Kwan Jih
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chunui Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sung Chul Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee Universtiy Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ok Hyung Nam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee Universtiy Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kubat Öktem E, Yazar M, Aysan E, Karabıyık Acar Ö. Computational drug repurposing for primary hyperparathyroidism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 583:112159. [PMID: 38228226 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In hyperparathyroidism (hyperPTH), excessive amounts of PTH are secreted, interfering with calcium regulation in the body. Several drugs can control the disease's side effects, but none of them is an alternative treatment to surgery. Therefore, new drug candidates are necessary. In this study, three computationally repositioned drugs, DG 041, IMD 0354, and cucurbitacin I, are evaluated in an in vitro model of hyperPTH. First, we integrated publicly available transcriptomics datasets to propose drug candidates. Using 3D spheroids derived from a single primary hyperPTH patient, we assessed their in vitro efficacy. None of the proposed drugs affected the viability of healthy cell control (HEK293) or overactive parathyroid cells at the level of toxicity. This behavior was attributed to the non-cancerous nature of the parathyroid cells, establishing the hyperPTH disease model. Cucurbitacin I and IMD 0354 exhibited a slight inverse relationship between increased drug concentrations and cell viability, whereas DG 041 increased viability. Based on these results, further studies are needed on the mechanism of action of the repurposed drugs, including determining the effects of these drugs on cellular PTH synthesis and secretion and on the metabolic pathways that regulate PTH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kubat Öktem
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Yazar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, 34959, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erhan Aysan
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, 34718, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Karabıyık Acar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, 34959, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Zhang X, Zhang G, Yan Q, Ahmad B, Pei J, Huang L. Quality variation and salt-alkali-tolerance mechanism of Cynomorium songaricum: Interacting from microbiome-transcriptome-metabolome. Sci Total Environ 2024; 919:170801. [PMID: 38340858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Addressing soil salinization and implementing sustainable practices for cultivating cash crops on saline-alkali land is a prominent global challenge. Cynomorium songaricum is an important salt-alkali tolerant medicinal plant capable of adapting to saline-alkali environments. In this study, two typical ecotypes of C. songaricum from the desert-steppe (DS) and saline-alkali land (SAL) habitats were selected. Through the integration of multi-omics with machine learning, the rhizosphere microbial communities, genetic maps, and metabolic profiles of two ecotypes were created and the crucial factors for the adaptation of C. songaricum to saline-alkali stress were identified, including 7 keystone OTUs (i.e. Novosphingobium sp., Sinorhizobium meliloti, and Glycomyces sp.), 5 core genes (cell wall-related genes), and 10 most important metabolites (i.e. cucurbitacin D and 3-Hydroxybutyrate) were identified. Our results indicated that under saline-alkali environments, the microbial competition might become more intense, and the microbial community network had the simple but stable structure, accompanied by the changes in the gene expression related to cell wall for adaptation. However, this regulation led to the reduction in active ingredients, such as the accumulation of flavonoids and organic acid, and enhanced the synthesis of bitter substances (cucurbitacin D), resulting in the decrease in the quality of C. songaricum. Therefore, compared to the SAL ecotype, the DS was more suitable for the subsequent development of medicinal and edible products of C. songaricum. Furthermore, to explore the reasons for this quality variation, we constructed a comprehensive microbial-genetic-metabolic regulatory network, revealing that the metabolism of C. songaricum was primarily influenced by genetic factors. These findings not only offer new insights for future research into plant salt-alkali tolerance strategies but also provide a crucial understanding for cultivating high-quality medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Zhang
- Key lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoshuai Zhang
- Key lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Key lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Center for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, 25000 Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
| | - Linfang Huang
- Key lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Valente IVB, Garcia D, Abbott A, Spruill L, Siegel J, Forcucci J, Hanna G, Mukherjee R, Hamann M, Hilliard E, Lockett M, Cole DJ, Klauber-DeMore N. The anti-proliferative effects of a frankincense extract in a window of opportunity phase ia clinical trial for patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 204:521-530. [PMID: 38194131 PMCID: PMC10959833 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Boswellic acids, active components of frankincense, suppress tumor proliferation in vitro with a strong clinical trial safety profile in patients with inflammatory diseases. We performed a Phase Ia window of opportunity trial of Boswellia serrata (B. serrata) in patients with breast cancer to evaluate its biologic activity and safety. METHODS Patients with invasive breast cancer were treated pre-operatively with B. Serrata (2400 mg/day PO) until the night before surgery for a median of 11 days (SD 6 days; range: 5-23 days). Paraffin-embedded sections from pretreatment diagnostic core biopsies and post-treatment surgical excisions were evaluated using a tunnel assay and immunohistochemistry staining with Ki-67 antibodies. A non-intervention retrospective control arm consisting of core and surgical tissue specimens from untreated patients was used to compare patients treated with B. Serrata. The change in proliferation and apoptosis between diagnostic core specimens and surgical specimens was compared between the control and treatment groups using a two-tailed paired t-test. RESULTS Twenty-two patients were enrolled, of which 20 received treatment, and 18 had sufficient tissue for IHC. There was an increase in percent change in proliferation from core biopsy to surgical excision in the control group (n = 18) of 54.6 ± 21.4%. In the B. serrata-treated group there was a reduction in proliferation between core biopsy and excision (n = 18) of 13.8 ± 11.7%. This difference was statistically significant between the control and B. serrata-treated groups (p = 0.008). There was no difference in change in apoptosis. There were no serious adverse events related to the drug. CONCLUSION Boswellia serrata inhibited breast cancer proliferation and was well-tolerated in a Phase Ia window of opportunity trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise Garcia
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andrea Abbott
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Laura Spruill
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Julie Siegel
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jessica Forcucci
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - George Hanna
- College of Pharmacy Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mark Hamann
- College of Pharmacy Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Eleanor Hilliard
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mark Lockett
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - David J Cole
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nancy Klauber-DeMore
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 295, Room 240, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Liu K, Yin Y, Shi C, Yan C, Zhang Y, Qiu L, He S, Li G. Asiaticoside ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting inflammatory response, protecting intestinal barrier and regulating intestinal microecology. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2023-2040. [PMID: 38384110 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory bowel diseases and poses a serious threat to human health. Currently, safe and effective preventive measures are unavailable. In this study, the protective effects of asiaticoside (AS) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and the underlying molecular mechanism were investigated. In this experiment, colitis was induced in mice with DSS. Subsequently, the role of AS in colitis and its underlying mechanisms were examined using H&E staining, immunofluorescence staining, western blot, Elisa, FMT, and other assays. The results showed that AS significantly attenuated the related symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice. In addition, AS inhibited the activation of signaling pathways TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK reduced the release of inflammatory factors, thereby attenuating the inflammatory response in mice. AS administration also restored the permeability of the intestinal barrier by increasing the levels of tight junction-associated proteins (claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1). In addition, AS rebalanced the intestinal flora of DSS-treated mice by increasing the diversity of the flora. AS can alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by maintaining the intestinal barrier, thus inhibiting the signaling pathways TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK activation, reducing the release of inflammatory factors, and regulating intestinal microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjian Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Yin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chong Shi
- Anorectal Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chengqiu Yan
- Anorectal Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Li Qiu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuangyan He
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Guofeng Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Anorectal Department, Shenzhen Bao'an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Debnath P, Das B, Singha S, Kar A, Haldar PK, Sharma N, Mukherjee PK. Quantification of cucurbitacin E in different varieties of melon ( Cucumis melo L.) fruit through validated RP-HPLC method. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1273-1279. [PMID: 36278903 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2136656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The different varieties of melons (Cucumis melo L.) have been used in various traditional systems of medicine for decades to treat different ailments, including inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes, edema, etc. The present study was designed for the quantification of cucurbitacin E in five different varieties of melon fruit through a validated RP-HPLC method. A solvent system is being optimized with a 70:30 (v/v) ratio of acetonitrile: water (1% glacial acetic acid) at a 1 mL/min flow rate and scanning spectrum (λmax) of 230 nm. A calibration curve for standard cucurbitacin E was generated and found to be linear (1-100 µg/mL). The variation of cucurbitacin E content among five different varieties of melon fruits is 0.0129% w/w- 0.231% w/w. This precise and reproducible method may be beneficial in addressing the quality-related aspects of medicinal food plants of Cucurbitaceae and its derived products or formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Debnath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Comilla University, Shalmanpur, Bangladesh
| | - Bhaskar Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Seha Singha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Kar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology), Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India), Imphal, India
| | - Pallab Kanti Haldar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology), Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India), Imphal, India
| | - Pulok K Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology), Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India), Imphal, India
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Luo L, Ni J, Zhang J, Lin J, Chen S, Shen F, Huang Z. Toosendanin induces hepatotoxicity by restraining autophagy and lysosomal function through inhibiting STAT3/CTSC axis. Toxicol Lett 2024; 394:102-113. [PMID: 38460807 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Toosendanin (TSN) is the main active component in the traditional herb Melia toosendan Siebold & Zucc, which exhibits promising potential for development due to its diverse pharmacological properties. However, the hepatotoxicity associated with TSN needs further investigation. Previous research has implicated autophagy dysregulation in TSN-induced hepatotoxicity, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, the mechanisms of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in TSN-induced autophagy inhibition and liver injury were explored using Stat3 knockout C57BL/6 mice and HepG2 cells. TSN decreased cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production in vitro, and elevated serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels as well as liver lesions in vivo, suggesting TSN had significant hepatotoxicity. TSN inhibited Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 pathway and the expression of cathepsin C (CTSC). Inhibition of STAT3 exacerbated TSN-induced autophagy inhibition and hepatic injury, whereas activation of STAT3 attenuated these effects of TSN. Mechanistically, STAT3 transcriptionally regulated the level of CTSC gene, which in turn affected autophagy and the process of liver injury. TSN-administered Stat3 knockout mice showed more severe hepatotoxicity, CTSC downregulation, and autophagy blockade than wildtype mice. In summary, TSN caused hepatotoxicity by inhibiting STAT3/CTSC axis-dependent autophagy and lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiajie Ni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinxian Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feihai Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhiying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Fan Z, Cui Y, Chen L, Liu P, Duan W. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid attenuates 5-fluorouracil resistance of colorectal cancer by modulating M2 macrophage polarization via STAT6 signaling. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:83. [PMID: 38554148 PMCID: PMC10981607 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is closely associated with the inflammatory processes involved in the development and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer (CRC). M2 macrophages, the predominant subtype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in a wide variety of malignancies, have been demonstrated to promote the resistance of CRC to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In our study, we investigated the potential of 23-Hydroxybetulinic Acid (23-HBA), a significant active component of Pulsatilla chinensis (P. chinensis), to inhibit the polarization of M2 macrophages induced by IL-4. Our results showed that 23-HBA reduced the expression of M2 specific marker CD206, while downregulating the mRNA levels of M2 related genes (CD206, Arg1, IL-10, and CCL2). Additionally, 23-HBA effectively attenuated the inhibitory effects of the conditioned medium from M2 macrophages on apoptosis in colorectal cancer SW480 cells. Mechanistically, 23-HBA prevented the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the STAT6 protein, resulting in the inhibition of IL-10 release in M2 macrophages. Moreover, it interfered with the activation of the IL-10/STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling pathway in SW480 cells, ultimately reducing M2 macrophage-induced resistance to 5-FU. Importantly, depleting STAT6 expression in macrophages abolished the suppressive effect of 23-HBA on M2 macrophage polarization, while also eliminating its ability to decrease M2 macrophage-induced 5-FU resistance in cancer cells. Furthermore, 23-HBA significantly diminished the proportion of M2 macrophages in the tumor tissues of colorectal cancer mice, simultaneously enhancing the anti-cancer efficacy of 5-FU. The findings presented in this study highlight the capacity of 23-HBA to inhibit M2 macrophage polarization, a process that contributes to reduced 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaru Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation on Anti-Tumor Effect of Chinese Medicine by Strengthening Body Resistance to Eliminate Pathogenic Factors, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lanying Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation on Anti-Tumor Effect of Chinese Medicine by Strengthening Body Resistance to Eliminate Pathogenic Factors, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenbin Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation on Anti-Tumor Effect of Chinese Medicine by Strengthening Body Resistance to Eliminate Pathogenic Factors, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
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Dai S, Wu R, Fu K, Li Y, Yao C, Liu Y, Zhang F, Zhang S, Guo Y, Yao Y, Li Y. Exploring the effect and mechanism of cucurbitacin B on cholestatic liver injury based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 322:117584. [PMID: 38104874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cholestatic liver injury (CLI) is a pathologic process with the impairment of liver and bile secretion and excretion, resulting in an excessive accumulation of bile acids within the liver, which leads to damage to both bile ducts and hepatocytes. This process is often accompanied by inflammation. Cucumis melo L is a folk traditional herb for the treatment of cholestasis. Cucurbitacin B (CuB), an important active ingredient in Cucumis melo L, has significant anti-inflamamatory effects and plays an important role in diseases such as neuroinflammation, skin inflammation, and chronic hepatitis. Though numerous studies have confirmed the significant therapeutic effect of CuB on liver diseases, the impact of CuB on CLI remains uncertain. Consequently, the objective of this investigation is to elucidate the therapeutic properties and potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of CuB on CLI. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this paper was to investigate the potential protective mechanism of CuB against CLI. METHODS First, the corresponding targets of CuB were obtained through the SwissTargetPrediction and SuperPre online platforms. Second, the DisGeNET database, GeneCards database, and OMIM database were utilized to screen therapeutic targets for CLI. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) was determined using the STRING 11.5 data platform. Next, the OmicShare platform was employed for the purpose of visualizing the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The molecular docking technique was then utilized to evaluate the binding affinity existing between potential targets and CuB. Subsequently, the impacts of CuB on the LO2 cell injury model induced by Lithocholic acid (LCA) and the CLI model induced by 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) were determined by evaluating inflammation in both in vivo and in vitro settings. The potential molecular mechanism was explored by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot (WB) techniques. RESULTS A total of 122 CuB targets were collected and high affinity targets were identified through the PPI network, namely TLR4, STAT3, HIF1A, and NFKB1. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the treatment of CLI with CuB chiefly involved the inflammatory pathway. In vitro study results showed that CuB alleviated LCA-induced LO2 cell damage. Meanwhile, CuB reduced elevated AST and ALT levels and the release of inflammatory factors in LO2 cells induced by LCA. In vivo study results showed that CuB could alleviate DDC-induced pathological changes in mouse liver, inhibit the activity of serum transaminase, and suppress the liver and systemic inflammatory reaction of mice. Mechanically, CuB downregulated the IL-6, STAT3, and HIF-1α expression and inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION By combining network pharmacology with in vivo and in vitro experiments, the results of this study suggested that CuB prevented the inflammatory response by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway, thereby demonstrating potential protective and therapeutic effects on CLI. These results establish a scientific foundation for the exploration and utilization of natural medicines for CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yanzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chenghao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Shenglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yuxin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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卢 国, 孙 红, 孙 正, 刘 乐, 王 磊, 张 宁, 王 宇, 何 一, 纪 佳, 李 馨, 康 品, 唐 碧. [Effect of asiaticoside on systolic blood pressure and relaxation of isolated thoracic aorta of rats]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2024; 44:523-532. [PMID: 38597444 PMCID: PMC11006695 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.03.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of asiaticoside on blood pressure and relaxation of thoracic aorta in rats and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS SD rats treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg asiaticoside by daily gavage for 2 weeks were monitored for systolic blood pressure changes, and histological changes of the thoracic aorta were evaluated using HE staining. In isolated rat endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded thoracic aorta rings, the effects of asiaticoside on relaxation of the aortic rings were tested at baseline and following norepinephrine (NE)- and KCl-induced constriction. The vascular relaxation effect of asiaticoside was further observed in NE-stimulated endothelium-intact rat aortic rings pretreated with L-nitroarginine methyl ester, indomethacin, zinc protoporphyrin Ⅸ, tetraethyl ammonium chloride, glibenclamide, barium chloride, Iberiotoxin, 4-aminopyridine, or TASK-1-IN-1. The aortic rings were treated with KCl and NE followed by increasing concentrations of CaCl2 to investigate the effect of asiaticoside on vasoconstriction induced by external calcium influx and internal calcium release. RESULTS Asiaticoside at 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly lowered systolic blood pressure in rats without affecting the thoracic aorta histomorphology. While not obviously affecting resting aortic rings with intact endothelium, asiaticoside at 100 mg/kg induced significant relaxation of the rings constricted by KCl and NE, but its effects differed between endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded rings. In endothelium-intact aortic rings pretreated with indomethacin, ZnPP Ⅸ, barium chloride, glyburide, TASK-1-IN-1 and 4-aminopyridine, asiaticoside did not produce significant effect on NE-induced vasoconstriction, and tetraethylammonium, Iberiotoxin and L-nitroarginine methyl ester all inhibited the relaxation effect of asiaticoside. In KCland NE-treated rings, asiaticoside obviously inhibited CaCl2-induced vascular contraction. CONCLUSION Asiaticoside induces thoracic aorta relaxation by mediating high-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel opening, promoting nitric oxide release from endothelial cells and regulating Ca2+ influx and outflow, thereby reducing systolic blood pressure in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- 国庆 卢
- 蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院心血管内科,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
- 蚌埠医科大学心脑血管病研究中心生理学教研室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research Center, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 红燕 孙
- 蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院心血管内科,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
- 蚌埠医科大学心脑血管病研究中心生理学教研室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research Center, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 正宇 孙
- 蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院心血管内科,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
- 蚌埠医科大学心脑血管病研究中心生理学教研室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research Center, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 乐强 刘
- 蚌埠医科大学临床医学院,安徽 蚌埠 233000College of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 磊 王
- 蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院心血管内科,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
- 蚌埠医科大学心脑血管病研究中心生理学教研室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research Center, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 宁宁 张
- 蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院心血管内科,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
- 蚌埠医科大学心脑血管病研究中心生理学教研室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research Center, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 宇航 王
- 蚌埠医科大学临床医学院,安徽 蚌埠 233000College of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 一鸣 何
- 蚌埠医科大学临床医学院,安徽 蚌埠 233000College of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 佳慧 纪
- 蚌埠医科大学临床医学院,安徽 蚌埠 233000College of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 馨月 李
- 蚌埠医科大学临床医学院,安徽 蚌埠 233000College of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 品方 康
- 蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院心血管内科,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
- 蚌埠医科大学心脑血管病研究中心生理学教研室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research Center, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 碧 唐
- 蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院心血管内科,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
- 蚌埠医科大学心脑血管病研究中心生理学教研室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research Center, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
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Vinola SM, Mahalaxmi S. Characterisation and evaluation of physical properties of AH-Plus sealer with and without the incorporation of petasin, pachymic acid, curcumin and shilajit-an invitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:352. [PMID: 38504287 PMCID: PMC10949824 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AH Plus, an epoxy resin-based sealer, is widely used in endodontic practice, owing to its good physical properties that confers longstanding dimensional stability and good adhesion to dentin. Nevertheless, its propensity to trigger inflammation, especially in its freshly mixed state, has been extensively documented. Phytochemicals such as Petasin, Pachymic acid, Curcumin, and Shilajit are known for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. This study aimed to analyze and determine the effect of these natural products on the physical properties of AH Plus sealer when incorporated with the sealer. METHODS AH Plus (AHR) sealer was mixed with 10% petasin, 0.75% pachymic, 0.5% and 6%shilajit to obtain AHP, AHA, AHC and AHS in the ratio of 10:1 and 5:1 respectively. Five samples of each material were assessed for setting time, solubility, flow, and dimensional stability in accordance with the ISO 6876:2012 standardization. Sealers were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Statistical evaluation involved the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilks tests for normality and the one-way ANOVA test for analysis. RESULTS In this investigation, the characterisation analysis revealed a relatively similar microstructure in all the experimental root canal sealers. All experimental groups, excluding the control group, exhibited an increase in flow ranging from 11.9 to 31.4% at a 10:1 ratio. Similarly, for the 5:1 ratio, the increase ranged from 12.02 to 31.83%. In terms of dimensional stability, all groups at the 10:1 ratio showed a decrease compared to the control group. The addition of natural agents to AHR in 10:1 ratio led to a reduction in setting time by 8.9-31.6%, and at a 5:1 ratio, the reduction ranged from 8.1 to 31.5%. However, regarding solubility, the addition of natural agents did not induce any significant alterations. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that all tested root canal sealers exhibited properties that met the acceptable criteria outlined in the ISO 6876:2012 standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvanathan Mj Vinola
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600089, India
| | - Sekar Mahalaxmi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600089, India.
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Ludwig J, Curado-Carballada C, Hammer SC, Schneider A, Diether S, Kress N, Ruiz-Barragán S, Osuna S, Hauer B. Controlling Monoterpene Isomerization by Guiding Challenging Carbocation Rearrangement Reactions in Engineered Squalene-Hopene Cyclases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318913. [PMID: 38270537 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The interconversion of monoterpenes is facilitated by a complex network of carbocation rearrangement pathways. Controlling these isomerization pathways is challenging when using common Brønsted and Lewis acid catalysts, which often produce product mixtures that are difficult to separate. In contrast, natural monoterpene cyclases exhibit high control over the carbocation rearrangement reactions but are reliant on phosphorylated substrates. In this study, we present engineered squalene-hopene cyclases from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius (AacSHC) that catalyze the challenging isomerization of monoterpenes with unprecedented precision. Starting from a promiscuous isomerization of (+)-β-pinene, we first demonstrate noticeable shifts in the product distribution solely by introducing single point mutations. Furthermore, we showcase the tuneable cation steering by enhancing (+)-borneol selectivity from 1 % to >90 % (>99 % de) aided by iterative saturation mutagenesis. Our combined experimental and computational data suggest that the reorganization of key aromatic residues leads to the restructuring of the water network that facilitates the selective termination of the secondary isobornyl cation. This work expands our mechanistic understanding of carbocation rearrangements and sets the stage for target-oriented skeletal reorganization of broadly abundant terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Ludwig
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Curado-Carballada
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Stephan C Hammer
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneider
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Svenja Diether
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nico Kress
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sergi Ruiz-Barragán
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
- Departament de Fisica, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, 08222, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Osuna
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernhard Hauer
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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Tian W, Zhang P, Yang L, Song P, Zhao J, Wang H, Zhao Y, Cao L. Astragaloside IV Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Inhibiting Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis through the SIRT1/NLRP3 Pathway. Am J Chin Med 2024; 52:453-469. [PMID: 38490806 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful anthracycline antineoplastic drug used to treat a wide spectrum of tumors. However, its clinical application is limited due to cardiotoxic side effects. Astragaloside IV (AS IV), one of the major compounds present in aqueous extracts of Astragalus membranaceus, possesses potent cardiovascular protective properties, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AS IV on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Our findings revealed that DOX induced pyroptosis through the caspase-1/gasdermin D (GSDMD) and caspase-3/gasdermin E (GSDME) pathways. AS IV treatment significantly improved the cardiac function and alleviated myocardial injury in DOX-exposed mice by regulating intestinal flora and inhibiting pyroptosis; markedly suppressed the levels of cleaved caspase-1, N-GSDMD, cleaved caspase-3, and N-GSDME; and reversed DOX-induced downregulation of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in mice. The SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 significantly blocked the protective effects of AS IV. Collectively, our results suggest that AS IV protects against DIC by inhibiting pyroptosis through the SIRT1/NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencong Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300122, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated, Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P. R. China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300122, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300122, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300122, P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300122, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of General Surgery in Construction, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300122, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300122, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of General Surgery in Construction, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300122, P. R. China
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Peng K, Cui K, Li P, Liu X, Du Y, Xu H, Yang X, Lu S, Liang X. Mogroside V alleviates the heat stress-induced disruption of the porcine oocyte in vitro maturation. Theriogenology 2024; 217:37-50. [PMID: 38244353 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is a stressor that negatively affect female reproduction. Specially, oocytes are very sensitive to HS. It has been demonstrated that some active compounds can protect oocyte from HS. We previously found that Mogroside V (MV), extracted from Siraitia grosvenorii (Luo Han Guo), can protect oocyte from many kinds of stresses. However, how MV alleviates HS-induced disruption of oocyte maturation remains unknown. In this study, we treated the HS-induced porcine oocytes with MV to examine their maturation and quality. Our findings demonstrate that MV can effectively alleviate HS-induced porcine oocyte abnormal cumulus cell expansion, decrease of first polar body extrusion rate, spindle assembly and chromosome separation abnormalities, indicating MV attenuates oocyte mature defects. We further observed that MV can effectively alleviate HS-induced cortical granule distribution abnormality and decrease of blastocyst formation rate after parthenogenesis activation. In addition, MV treatment reversed mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid droplet content decrease, reduced reactive oxygen species levels, early apoptosis and DNA damage in porcine oocytes after HS. Collectively, this study suggests that MV can effectively protect porcine oocytes from HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Peng
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding & Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Kexin Cui
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding & Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding & Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding & Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ya Du
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding & Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Huiyan Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding & Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xiaogan Yang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding & Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Shengsheng Lu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding & Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xingwei Liang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding & Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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Li M, Niu Y, Tian L, Zhang T, Zhou S, Wang L, Sun J, Wumiti T, Chen Z, Zhou Q, Ma Y, Guo Y. Astragaloside IV alleviates macrophage senescence and d-galactose-induced bone loss in mice through STING/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111588. [PMID: 38290207 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senile osteoporosis (SOP) is an age-related metabolic bone disease that currently lacks specific therapeutic interventions. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on macrophage senescence, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenesis, and SOP progression. METHODS A senescent macrophage model was established and treated with varying concentrations of AS-IV. Cell activity was measured using the CCK8 assay. The senescence levels of macrophages were evaluated through β-galactosidase staining, PCR, and immunofluorescence. Macrophage mitochondrial function was assessed using ROS and JC-1 staining. Macrophage polarization was evaluated through PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The inhibitory effects of AS-IV on macrophage senescence were investigated using Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the effects of macrophage conditioned medium (CM) on BMSCs osteogenic were detected using ALP, alizarin red, and PCR. RESULTS AS-IV inhibited macrophage senescence and M1 polarization, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, and promoted M2 polarization. Mechanistically, it suppressed the STING/NF-κB pathway in H2O2-activated macrophages. Conversely, the STING agonist c-di-GMP reversed the effects of AS-IV on macrophage senescence. Additionally, AS-IV-induced macrophage CM promoted BMSC osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, AS-IV treatment ameliorated aberrant bone microstructure and bone mass loss in the SOP mouse model, inhibited macrophage senescence, and promoted M2 polarization. CONCLUSIONS By modulating the STING/NF-κB signaling pathway, AS-IV potentially inhibited macrophage senescence and stimulated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, thus exerting an anti-osteoporotic effect. Consequently, AS-IV may serve as an effective therapeutic candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzhe Li
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Niu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linkun Tian
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianchi Zhang
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shijie Zhou
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lining Wang
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Taxi Wumiti
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Qinfeng Zhou
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yang Guo
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
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SHI Y, NAN Y, ZHENG W, YAO L, LIANG H, CHEN X, SONG J, ZHANG J, JIA D, WANG Q, MA B. [Qualitative and semiquantitative analyses of the chemical components of the seed coat and kernel of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen]. Se Pu 2024; 42:234-244. [PMID: 38503700 PMCID: PMC10951812 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2023.09015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ziziphi Spinosae Semen refers to the dried seed of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou. The seed is composed of a reddish brown coat and a yellow kernel. A comparative study was conducted to investigate differences in the chemical composition and their relative contents between the seed coat and kernel of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. First, the chemical compounds found in the seed coat and kernel were characterized and identified using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). The analytical results tentatively identified 57 chemical compounds based on reference-compound comparison, literature retrieval, and chemical-database (e. g., MassBank) searches; these compounds included 14 triterpenes, 23 flavonoids, 7 alkaloids, 6 carboxylic acids, and 7 other types of compounds. The mass error of the identified compounds was within the mass deviation range of 5×10-6 (5 ppm). Next, two methods of multivariate statistical analysis, namely, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), were used to compare the differential compounds between the two seed parts. A total of 17 differential compounds were screened out via OPLS-DA based on a variable importance in projection (VIP) value of >5. The results revealed that betulinic acid, betulonic acid, alphitolic acid, and jujuboside Ⅰ mainly existed in the seed coat whereas the 13 other compounds, such as spinosin, jujuboside A, and 6‴-feruloylspinosin, mainly existed in the seed kernel. Therefore, these 17 differential compounds can be used to distinguish between the two seed parts. Finally, a semiquantitative method was established using UPLC and a charged aerosol detector (CAD) with inverse gradient compensation in the mobile phase. Six representative compounds with different types were selected to examine the CAD response consistency: magnoflorine (alkaloid), spinosin (flavone), 6‴-feruloylspinosin (flavone), jujuboside A (triterpenoid saponin), jujuboside B (triterpenoid saponin), and betulinic acid (triterpenoid acid). The results showed that the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the average response factors at different levels of these six compounds was 7.04% and that their response intensities were similar. Moreover, each compound in the fingerprint demonstrated good response consistency, and the peak areas obtained directly reflected the contents of each compound. Based on the semiquantitative fingerprints obtained, betulinic acid and oleic acid were considered the main components of the seed coat. The betulinic acid content in the seed coat was approximately 7 times higher than that in the seed kernel. Spinosin, jujuboside A, linoleic acid, betulinic acid, and oleic acid were the main components of the seed kernel. The spinosin content in the seed kernel was 18 times higher than that in the seed coat. In addition, the jujuboside A content in the seed kernel was 24 times higher than that in the seed coat. The proposed method can accurately determine the main components and compare the relative contents of these components in different seed parts. In summary, this study identified the differences in chemical components between the seed coat and kernel of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen and clarified the main components and their relative contents in these parts. The findings can not only provide a basis for the identification of chemical compounds and quality research on different parts of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen but also promote the development and utilization of this traditional Chinese medicine.
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Haid S, Matthaei A, Winkler M, Sake SM, Gunesch AP, Milke V, Köhler NM, Rückert J, Vieyres G, Kühl D, Nguyen TT, Göhl M, Lasswitz L, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Brogden G, Gerold G, Wiegmann B, Bilitewski U, Brown RJP, Brönstrup M, Schulz TF, Pietschmann T. Repurposing screen identifies novel candidates for broad-spectrum coronavirus antivirals and druggable host targets. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0121023. [PMID: 38319076 PMCID: PMC10916382 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01210-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Libraries composed of licensed drugs represent a vast repertoire of molecules modulating physiological processes in humans, providing unique opportunities for the discovery of host-targeting antivirals. We screened the Repurposing, Focused Rescue, and Accelerated Medchem (ReFRAME) repurposing library with approximately 12,000 molecules for broad-spectrum coronavirus antivirals and discovered 134 compounds inhibiting an alphacoronavirus and mapping to 58 molecular target categories. Dominant targets included the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor, the dopamine receptor, and cyclin-dependent kinases. Gene knock-out of the drugs' host targets including cathepsin B and L (CTSB/L; VBY-825), the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR; Phortress), the farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1; P-3622), and the kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1; Omaveloxolone), significantly modulated HCoV-229E infection, providing evidence that these compounds inhibited the virus through acting on their respective host targets. Counter-screening of all 134 primary compound candidates with SARS-CoV-2 and validation in primary cells identified Phortress, an AHR activating ligand, P-3622-targeting FDFT1, and Omaveloxolone, which activates the NFE2-like bZIP transcription factor 2 (NFE2L2) by liberating it from its endogenous inhibitor KEAP1, as antiviral candidates for both an Alpha- and a Betacoronavirus. This study provides an overview of HCoV-229E repurposing candidates and reveals novel potentially druggable viral host dependency factors hijacked by diverse coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Haid
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alina Matthaei
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melina Winkler
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja M. Sake
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonia P. Gunesch
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Milke
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalie M. Köhler
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Rückert
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabrielle Vieyres
- Junior Research Group “Cell Biology of RNA Viruses”, Leibniz Institute of Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Integrative Analysis of Pathogen-Induced Compartments, Leibniz ScienceCampus InterACt, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Kühl
- Junior Research Group “Cell Biology of RNA Viruses”, Leibniz Institute of Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tu-Trinh Nguyen
- Calibr, a Division of The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthias Göhl
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lisa Lasswitz
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Francisco J. Zapatero-Belinchón
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Graham Brogden
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, 901 87 Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), 901 87 Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Wiegmann
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- BREATH (Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Richard J. P. Brown
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Li X, Zhao Y, He S, Meng J, Lu Y, Shi H, Liu C, Hao B, Tang Q, Zhang S, Zhang G, Luo Y, Yang S, Yang J, Fan W. Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal the molecular mechanism underlying dynamic metabolic processes during taproot development of Panax notoginseng. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:170. [PMID: 38443797 PMCID: PMC10913227 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen is one of the most famous Chinese traditional medicinal plants. The taproot is the main organ producing triterpenoid saponins, and its development is directly linked to the quality and yield of the harvested P. notoginseng. However, the mechanisms underlying the dynamic metabolic changes occurring during taproot development of P. notoginseng are unknown. RESULTS We carried out metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate metabolites and gene expression during the development of P. notoginseng taproots. The differentially accumulated metabolites included amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, and lipids in 1-year-old taproots, flavonoids and terpenoids in 2- and 3-year-old taproots, and phenolic acids in 3-year-old taproots. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, metabolic pathway and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites at all three developmental stages. Integrative analysis revealed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was involved in not only the development of but also metabolic changes in P. notoginseng taproots. Moreover, significant accumulation of triterpenoid saponins in 2- and 3-year-old taproots was highly correlated with the up-regulated expression of cytochrome P450s and uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases genes. Additionally, a gene encoding RNase-like major storage protein was identified to play a dual role in the development of P. notoginseng taproots and their triterpenoid saponins synthesis. CONCLUSIONS These results elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the accumulation of and change relationship between primary and secondary metabolites in P. notoginseng taproots, and provide a basis for the quality control and genetic improvement of P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shuilian He
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jing Meng
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yingchun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Huineng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunlan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Bing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qingyan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuangyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shengchao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianli Yang
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Dong J, Dong Y, Chen H, Ye T, Chen G, Fan B, Wang X, Shi J, Wang C. Ursonic acid attenuates spermatogenesis in oligozoospermia mice through inhibiting ferroptosis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107174. [PMID: 38320369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Ursonic acid (UNA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpene found in some medicinal plants and foods. The reproductive protective effect of UNA was evaluated in a mouse model of oligozoospermia induced by busulfan (BUS) at 30 mg/kg b.w.. The mice were initially divided into groups with UNA concentrations of 10, 30, 50, 100 mg/kg. Subsequently, based on sperm parameters, the optimal concentration of 50 mg/kg was identified. As a control, an additional group was supplemented with ursolic acid at a concentration of 50 mg/kg. The results indicated that BUS caused the loss of spermatogenic cells in testis, the decrease of sperm in epididymis, the disorder of testicular cytoskeleton, the decrease of serum sex hormones such as testosterone which induced an increase in feedback of androgen receptor and other testosterone-related proteins, the increase of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species levels and the increase of ferroptosis in testis while UNA successfully reversed these injuries. High-throughput sequencing revealed that UNA administration significantly upregulated the expression of genes associated with spermatogenesis, such as Tnp1, Tnp2, Prm1, among others. These proteins are crucial in the histone to protamine transition during sperm chromatin remodeling. Network pharmacology analysis reveals a close association between UNA and proteins related to the transformation of histones to protamine. Molecular docking studies reveal that UNA can interact with the ferroptosis-inhibiting gene SLC7A11, thereby modulating ferroptosis. Taken together, UNA alleviated BUS-induced oligozoospermia by regulating hormone secretion, mitigating oxidative stress and promoting recovery of spermatogenesis by inhibiting the ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Dong
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yanli Dong
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Hanqing Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Taowen Ye
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Guangtong Chen
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Boyi Fan
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226018, China; Nantong Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226018, China; Nantong Key Laboratory of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226018, China.
| | - Jianwu Shi
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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Lu YY, Tsai HP, Tsai TH, Miao HC, Zhang ZH, Wu CH. RTA-408 Regulates p-NF-κB/TSLP/STAT5 Signaling to Ameliorate Nociceptive Hypersensitivity in Chronic Constriction Injury Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1714-1725. [PMID: 37773082 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain following nerve injury is a complex condition, which often puts a negative impact on life and remains a sustained problem. To make pain management better is of great significance and unmet need. RTA 408 (Omaveloxone) is a traditional Asian medicine with a valid anti-inflammatory property. Thus, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effect of RTA-408 on mechanical allodynia in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats as well as the underlying mechanisms. Neuropathic pain was induced by using CCI of the rats' sciatic nerve (SN) and the behavior testing was measured by calibrated forceps testing. Activation of Nrf-2, the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and the inflammatory response were assessed by western blots. The number of apoptotic neurons and degree of glial cell reaction were examined by immunofluorescence assay. RTA-408 exerts an analgesic effect on CCI rats. RTA-408 reduces neuronal apoptosis and glial cell activation by increasing Nrf-2 expression and decreasing the inflammatory response (TNF-α/ p-NF-κB/ TSLP/ STAT5). These data suggest that RTA-408 is a candidate with potential to reduce nociceptive hypersensitivity after CCI by targeting TSLP/STAT5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, 821, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hsin Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chien Miao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinle City Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, 050700, People's Republic of China
| | - Chieh-Hsin Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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50
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Wang Q, Xu J, Li M, Chen Y, Xu Y, Li L, Gong Y, Yang Y. Nrf2 knockout attenuates the astragaloside IV therapeutic effect on kidney fibrosis from liver cancer by regulating pSmad3C/3L pathways. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024; 397:1687-1700. [PMID: 37712971 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic kidney injury from hepatocarcinogenesis seriously impacts treatment effect. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), an extract of Astragalus membranaceus, has several pharmacological activities, which are useful in the treatment of edema and fibrosis. Nrf2/HO-1 is a key antioxidant stress pathway and help treatment of kidney injury. Smad3 phosphorylation is implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis. Our previous study clarified that Smad3 is differentially regulated by different phosphorylated forms of Smad3 on hepatocarcinogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the contribution of AS-IV on the therapy of kidney fibrosis from hepatocarcinogenesis. And the focus was on whether the phosphorylation of Smad3 and the regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were involved during AS-IV therapy and whether there is an effect of Nrf2 knockout on the phosphorylation of Smad3. We performed TGF-β1 stimulation on HK-2 cells and intervened with AS-IV. Furtherly, we investigated renal injury of AS-IV on Nrf2 knockout mice during hepatocarcinogenesis and its mechanism of action. On the one hand, in vitro results showed that AS-IV reduced the ROS and α-SMA expression of HK-2 by promoting the expression pSmad3C/p21 of and Nrf2/HO-1 and suppressed the expression of pSmad3L/PAI-1. On the other hand, the in vivo results of histopathological features, serological biomarkers, and oxidative damage indicators showed that Nrf2 knockout aggravated renal injury. Besides, Nrf2 deletion decreased the nephroprotective effect of AS-IV by suppressing the pSmad3C/p21 pathway and promoting the pSmad3L/PAI-1 pathway. The experimental results were as we suspected. And we identify for the first time that Nrf2 deficiency increases renal fibrosis from hepatocarcinogenesis and attenuates the therapeutic effects of AS-IV via regulating pSmad3C/3L signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiacheng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yongfang Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
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