1
|
Martin LBB, Kikuchi S, Rejzek M, Owen C, Reed J, Orme A, Misra RC, El-Demerdash A, Hill L, Hodgson H, Liu Y, Keasling JD, Field RA, Truman AW, Osbourn A. Complete biosynthesis of the potent vaccine adjuvant QS-21. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:493-502. [PMID: 38278997 PMCID: PMC10972754 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
QS-21 is a potent vaccine adjuvant currently sourced by extraction from the Chilean soapbark tree. It is a key component of human vaccines for shingles, malaria, coronavirus disease 2019 and others under development. The structure of QS-21 consists of a glycosylated triterpene scaffold coupled to a complex glycosylated 18-carbon acyl chain that is critical for immunostimulant activity. We previously identified the early pathway steps needed to make the triterpene glycoside scaffold; however, the biosynthetic route to the acyl chain, which is needed for stimulation of T cell proliferation, was unknown. Here, we report the biogenic origin of the acyl chain, characterize the series of enzymes required for its synthesis and addition and reconstitute the entire 20-step pathway in tobacco, thereby demonstrating the production of QS-21 in a heterologous expression system. This advance opens up unprecedented opportunities for bioengineering of vaccine adjuvants, investigating structure-activity relationships and understanding the mechanisms by which these compounds promote the human immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Rejzek
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - James Reed
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Amr El-Demerdash
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lionel Hill
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Yuzhong Liu
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Jay D Keasling
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Center for Biosustainability, Danish Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institutes for Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Anne Osbourn
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dedola S, Ahmadipour S, de Andrade P, Baker AN, Boshra AN, Chessa S, Gibson MI, Hernando PJ, Ivanova IM, Lloyd JE, Marín MJ, Munro-Clark AJ, Pergolizzi G, Richards SJ, Ttofi I, Wagstaff BA, Field RA. Sialic acids in infection and their potential use in detection and protection against pathogens. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:167-188. [PMID: 38456038 PMCID: PMC10915975 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In structural terms, the sialic acids are a large family of nine carbon sugars based around an alpha-keto acid core. They are widely spread in nature, where they are often found to be involved in molecular recognition processes, including in development, immunology, health and disease. The prominence of sialic acids in infection is a result of their exposure at the non-reducing terminus of glycans in diverse glycolipids and glycoproteins. Herein, we survey representative aspects of sialic acid structure, recognition and exploitation in relation to infectious diseases, their diagnosis and prevention or treatment. Examples covered span influenza virus and Covid-19, Leishmania and Trypanosoma, algal viruses, Campylobacter, Streptococci and Helicobacter, and commensal Ruminococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dedola
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Peterson de Andrade
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Andrew N Boshra
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt
| | - Simona Chessa
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Pedro J Hernando
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Irina M Ivanova
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Jessica E Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - María J Marín
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Alexandra J Munro-Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | | | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Iakovia Ttofi
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Ben A Wagstaff
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thomas-Moore BA, Dedola S, Russell DA, Field RA, Marín MJ. Targeted photodynamic therapy for breast cancer: the potential of glyconanoparticles. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:6501-6513. [PMID: 38024308 PMCID: PMC10662151 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00544e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a non-toxic light sensitive molecule, a photosensitiser, that releases cytotoxic reactive oxygen species upon activation with light of a specific wavelength. Here, glycan-modified 16 nm gold nanoparticles (glycoAuNPs) were explored for their use in targeted PDT, where the photosensitiser was localised to the target cell through selective glycan-lectin interactions. Polyacrylamide (PAA)-glycans were chosen to assess glycan binding to the cell lines. These PAA-glycans indicated the selective uptake of a galactose-derivative PAA by two breast cancer cell lines, SK-BR-3 and MDA-MD-231. Subsequently, AuNPs were modified with a galactose-derivative ligand and an amine derivate of the photosensitiser chlorin e6 was incorporated to the nanoparticle surface via amide bond formation using EDC/NHS coupling chemistry. The dual modified nanoparticles were investigated for the targeted cell killing of breast cancer cells, demonstrating the versatility of using glycoAuNPs for selective binding to different cancer cells and their potential use for targeted PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brydie A Thomas-Moore
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd. Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Simone Dedola
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd. Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - David A Russell
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd. Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - María J Marín
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dolan JP, Ahmadipour S, Wahart AJC, Cheallaigh AN, Sari S, Eurtivong C, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Volcho KP, Reynisson J, Field RA, Miller GJ. Virtual screening, identification and in vitro validation of small molecule GDP-mannose dehydrogenase inhibitors. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:865-870. [PMID: 37920392 PMCID: PMC10619135 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon undergoing mucoid conversion within the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa synthesises copious quantities of the virulence factor and exopolysaccharide alginate. The enzyme guanosine diphosphate mannose dehydrogenase (GMD) catalyses the rate-limiting step and irreversible formation of the alginate sugar nucleotide building block, guanosine diphosphate mannuronic acid. Since there is no corresponding enzyme in humans, strategies that could prevent its mechanism of action could open a pathway for new and selective inhibitors to disrupt bacterial alginate production. Using virtual screening, a library of 1447 compounds within the Known Drug Space parameters were evaluated against the GMD active site using the Glide, FRED and GOLD algorithms. Compound hit evaluation with recombinant GMD refined the panel of 40 potential hits to 6 compounds which reduced NADH production in a time-dependent manner; of which, an usnic acid derivative demonstrated inhibition six-fold stronger than a previously established sugar nucleotide inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 17 μM. Further analysis by covalent docking and mass spectrometry confirm a single site of GMD alkylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Dolan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Alice J C Wahart
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Suat Sari
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University 447 Si Ayutthaya Road Ratchathewi Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Konstantin P Volcho
- N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Hornbeam Building, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pérez Ballesta P, Baù A, Field RA, Woolfenden E. Using the POD sampler for quantitative diffusive (passive) monitoring of volatile and very volatile organics in ambient air: Sampling rates and analytical performance. Environ Int 2023; 179:108119. [PMID: 37597498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
POD diffusive samplers loaded with Carbopack X and Carbograph 5TD were exposed to certified calibration mixtures containing a total of 110 different ozone precursor and air toxic compounds. Constant sampling rates were identified for 39 ozone precursors and 33 air toxics. As 9 of these compounds were included in both mixtures, this meant a total of 63 different volatile and very volatile compounds were sampled using the POD with overall expanded uncertainties below 30 % for the sampling rate associated with the whole range of sampling times from 2 to 24 h. Carbograph 5TD exhibited superior performance for diffusive sampling of oxygenated and halogenated compounds in the air toxics mixture, while Carbopack X showed higher sampling efficiencies for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as halogenated compounds derived from benzene and C2 carbon number hydrocarbons. A model has been developed and applied to estimate sampling rates, primarily for the more volatile and weakly adsorbed compounds, as a function of the collected amount of analyte and the exposure time. For an additional 9 ozone precursors on Carbopack X, and 11 air toxics on Carbograph 5TD, the expanded uncertainties of modelled sampling rates were reduced to below 30 % and have a significantly reduced uncertainty compared to those associated with an averaged sampling rate. The paper provides Freundlich's isotherm parameters for the estimated (modelled) sampling rates and defines a pragmatic approach to their application. It does so by identifying the best sampling time to use for the expected exposure concentrations and associated analyte masses. This allows for expansion of the sampling concentration range from hundreds ng m-3 to mg m-3, while avoiding saturation of the adsorbent. Finally, field measurement comparisons of POD samplers, pumped tube samplers and online gas chromatography (GC), for sampling periods of 3 and 7 days in a semi-rural background area, showed no significant differences between reported concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Pérez Ballesta
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre. Directorate C-Energy, Mobility and Climate. Clean Air and Climate Unit, I-21027, Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - A Baù
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre. Directorate C-Energy, Mobility and Climate. Clean Air and Climate Unit, I-21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - R A Field
- United Nations Environment Programme, 1 Rue Miollis, 75015 Paris, France
| | - E Woolfenden
- Markes International Ltd. 1000B Central Park, Western Avenue, Bridgend, CF31 3RT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dolan JP, Benckendorff CM, Field RA, Miller GJ. Fluorinated nucleosides, nucleotides and sugar nucleotides. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1111-1114. [PMID: 37466090 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Dolan
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Caecilie Mm Benckendorff
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vester-Christensen MB, Holck J, Rejzek M, Perrin L, Tovborg M, Svensson B, Field RA, Møller MS. Exploration of the Transglycosylation Activity of Barley Limit Dextrinase for Production of Novel Glycoconjugates. Molecules 2023; 28:4111. [PMID: 37241852 PMCID: PMC10223164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A few α-glucan debranching enzymes (DBEs) of the large glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13), also known as the α-amylase family, have been shown to catalyze transglycosylation as well as hydrolysis. However, little is known about their acceptor and donor preferences. Here, a DBE from barley, limit dextrinase (HvLD), is used as a case study. Its transglycosylation activity is studied using two approaches; (i) natural substrates as donors and different p-nitrophenyl (pNP) sugars as well as different small glycosides as acceptors, and (ii) α-maltosyl and α-maltotriosyl fluorides as donors with linear maltooligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, and GH inhibitors as acceptors. HvLD showed a clear preference for pNP maltoside both as acceptor/donor and acceptor with the natural substrate pullulan or a pullulan fragment as donor. Maltose was the best acceptor with α-maltosyl fluoride as donor. The findings highlight the importance of the subsite +2 of HvLD for activity and selectivity when maltooligosaccharides function as acceptors. However, remarkably, HvLD is not very selective when it comes to aglycone moiety; different aromatic ring-containing molecules besides pNP could function as acceptors. The transglycosylation activity of HvLD can provide glycoconjugate compounds with novel glycosylation patterns from natural donors such as pullulan, although the reaction would benefit from optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malene Bech Vester-Christensen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.B.V.-C.); (B.S.)
| | - Jesper Holck
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (M.R.); (R.A.F.)
| | - Léa Perrin
- Applied Molecular Enzyme Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | | | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.B.V.-C.); (B.S.)
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (M.R.); (R.A.F.)
| | - Marie Sofie Møller
- Applied Molecular Enzyme Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh RP, Niharika J, Thakur R, Wagstaff BA, Kumar G, Kurata R, Patel D, Levy CW, Miyazaki T, Field RA. Utilization of dietary mixed-linkage β-glucans by the Firmicute Blautia producta. J Biol Chem 2023:104806. [PMID: 37172725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-glucans are structurally varied, naturally occurring components of the cell walls and storage materials of a variety of plant and microbial species. In the human diet, mixed-linkage glucans [MLG - β-(1,3/4)-glucans] influence the gut microbiome and the host immune system. Although consumed daily, the molecular mechanism by which human gut Gram-positive bacteria utilize MLG largely remains unknown. In this study, we used Blautia producta ATCC 27340 as a model organism to develop understanding of MLG utilization. B. producta encodes a gene locus comprising a multi-modular cell-anchored endo-glucanase (BpGH16MLG), an ABC transporter, and a glycoside phosphorylase (BpGH94MLG) for utilizing MLG, as evidenced by the up-regulation of expression of the enzyme- and solute binding protein (SBP)-encoding genes in this cluster when the organism is grown on MLG. We determined that recombinant BpGH16MLG cleaved various types of β-glucan, generating oligosaccharides suitable for cellular uptake by B. producta. Cytoplasmic digestion of these oligosaccharides is then performed by recombinant BpGH94MLG and β-glucosidases (BpGH3-AR8MLG and BpGH3-X62MLG). Using targeted deletion, we demonstrated BpSBPMLG is essential for B. producta growth on barley β-glucan. Furthermore, we revealed that beneficial bacteria, such as Roseburia faecis JCM 17581T, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum JCM 1200T, Bifidobacterium adolescentis JCM 1275T, and Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM 1254, can also utilize oligosaccharides resulting from the action of BpGH16MLG. Disentangling the β-glucan utilizing capability of B. producta provides a rational basis on which to consider the probiotic potential of this class of organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pal Singh
- Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat International Finance Tec (GIFT)-City, Gandhinagar- 382355, Gujarat, India; Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Jayashree Niharika
- Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat International Finance Tec (GIFT)-City, Gandhinagar- 382355, Gujarat, India; Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Raksha Thakur
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Ben A Wagstaff
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Rikuya Kurata
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat International Finance Tec (GIFT)-City, Gandhinagar- 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Colin W Levy
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Takatsugu Miyazaki
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahmadipour S, Winsbury R, Köhler D, Pergolizzi G, Nepogodiev SA, Chessa S, Dedola S, Wang M, Voglmeir J, Field RA. β-1,2-Oligomannan phosphorylase-mediated synthesis of potential oligosaccharide vaccine candidates. Carbohydr Res 2023; 528:108807. [PMID: 37094534 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
β-(1,2)-Mannan antigens incorporated into vaccines candidates for immunization studies, showed that antibodies raised against β-(1,2)-mannotriose antigens can protect against disseminated candidiasis. Until recently, β-(1,2)- mannans could only be obtained by isolation from microbial cultures, or by lengthy synthetic strategies involving protecting group manipulation. The discovery of two β-(1,2)-mannoside phosphorylases, Teth514_1788 and Teth514_1789, allowed efficient access to these compounds. In this work, Teth514_1788 was utilised to generate β-(1,2)-mannan antigens, tri- and tetra-saccharides, decorated with a conjugation tether at the reducing end, suitable to be incorporated on a carrier en-route to novel vaccine candidates, illustrated here by conjugation of the trisaccharide to BSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Rebecca Winsbury
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Dominic Köhler
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Giulia Pergolizzi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Sergey A Nepogodiev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Simona Chessa
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, UK
| | - Simone Dedola
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, UK
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Robert A Field
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK; Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK; Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wangpaiboon K, Charoenwongpaiboon T, Klaewkla M, Field RA, Panpetch P. Cassava pullulanase and its synergistic debranching action with isoamylase 3 in starch catabolism. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1114215. [PMID: 36778707 PMCID: PMC9911869 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41, PUL), a debranching enzyme belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 13 subfamily 13, catalyses the cleavage of α-1,6 linkages of pullulan and β-limit dextrin. The present work studied PUL from cassava Manihot esculenta Crantz (MePUL) tubers, an important economic crop. The Mepul gene was successfully cloned and expressed in E. coli and rMePUL was biochemically characterised. MePUL was present as monomer and homodimer, as judged by apparent mass of ~ 84 - 197 kDa by gel permeation chromatography analysis. Optimal pH and temperature were at pH 6.0 and 50 °C, and enzyme activity was enhanced by the addition of Ca2+ ions. Pullulan is the most favourable substrate for rMePUL, followed by β-limit dextrin. Additionally, maltooligosaccharides were potential allosteric modulators of rMePUL. Interestingly, short-chain maltooligosaccharides (DP 2 - 4) were significantly revealed at a higher level when rMePUL was mixed with cassava isoamylase 3 (rMeISA3), compared to that of each single enzyme reaction. This suggests that MePUL and MeISA3 debranch β-limit dextrin in a synergistic manner, which represents a major starch catabolising process in dicots. Additionally, subcellular localisation suggested the involvement of MePUL in starch catabolism, which normally takes place in plastids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Wangpaiboon
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Methus Klaewkla
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pawinee Panpetch
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ebenezer TE, Low RS, O'Neill EC, Huang I, DeSimone A, Farrow SC, Field RA, Ginger ML, Guerrero SA, Hammond M, Hampl V, Horst G, Ishikawa T, Karnkowska A, Linton EW, Myler P, Nakazawa M, Cardol P, Sánchez-Thomas R, Saville BJ, Shah MR, Simpson AGB, Sur A, Suzuki K, Tyler KM, Zimba PV, Hall N, Field MC. Euglena International Network (EIN): Driving euglenoid biotechnology for the benefit of a challenged world. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059561. [PMID: 36412269 PMCID: PMC9836076 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Euglenoids (Euglenida) are unicellular flagellates possessing exceptionally wide geographical and ecological distribution. Euglenoids combine a biotechnological potential with a unique position in the eukaryotic tree of life. In large part these microbes owe this success to diverse genetics including secondary endosymbiosis and likely additional sources of genes. Multiple euglenoid species have translational applications and show great promise in production of biofuels, nutraceuticals, bioremediation, cancer treatments and more exotically as robotics design simulators. An absence of reference genomes currently limits these applications, including development of efficient tools for identification of critical factors in regulation, growth or optimization of metabolic pathways. The Euglena International Network (EIN) seeks to provide a forum to overcome these challenges. EIN has agreed specific goals, mobilized scientists, established a clear roadmap (Grand Challenges), connected academic and industry stakeholders and is currently formulating policy and partnership principles to propel these efforts in a coordinated and efficient manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ThankGod Echezona Ebenezer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ross S. Low
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | | | - Ishuo Huang
- Office of Regulatory Science, United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Antonio DeSimone
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Scott C. Farrow
- Discovery Biology, Noblegen Inc., Peterborough, Ontario K9L 1Z8, Canada
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Michael L. Ginger
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Sergio Adrián Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. CCT CONICET Santa Fe, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Michael Hammond
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Hampl
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Geoff Horst
- Kemin Industries, Research and Development, Plymouth, MI 48170, USA
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Anna Karnkowska
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Eric W. Linton
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Peter Myler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington, WA 98109, USA
| | - Masami Nakazawa
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Department of Life Sciences, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | | | - Barry J. Saville
- Forensic Science, Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Mahfuzur R. Shah
- Discovery Biology, Noblegen Inc., Peterborough, Ontario K9L 1Z8, Canada
| | - Alastair G. B. Simpson
- Department of Biology and Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Aakash Sur
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- R&D Company, Euglena Co., Ltd., 2F Yokohama Bio Industry Center (YBIC), 1-6 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kevin M. Tyler
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Center of Excellence for Bionanoscience Research, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul V. Zimba
- PVZimba, LLC, 12241 Percival St, Chester, VA 23831, USA
- Rice Rivers Center, VA Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Neil Hall
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, UK
| | - Mark C. Field
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dolan JP, Machin DC, Dedola S, Field RA, Webb ME, Turnbull WB. Synthesis of cholera toxin B subunit glycoconjugates using site-specific orthogonal oxime and sortase ligation reactions. Front Chem 2022; 10:958272. [PMID: 36186584 PMCID: PMC9515619 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.958272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemoenzymatic synthesis of a series of dual N- and C-terminal–functionalized cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) glycoconjugates is described. Mucin 1 peptides bearing different levels of Tn antigen glycosylation [MUC1(Tn)] were prepared via solid-phase peptide synthesis. Using sortase-mediated ligation, the MUC1(Tn) epitopes were conjugated to the C-terminus of CTB in a well-defined manner allowing for high-density display of the MUC1(Tn) epitopes. This work explores the challenges of using sortase-mediated ligation in combination with glycopeptides and the practical considerations to obtain high levels of conjugation. Furthermore, we describe methods to combine two orthogonal labeling methodologies, oxime- and sortase-mediated ligation, to expand the biochemical toolkit and produce dual N- and C-terminal–labeled conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Dolan
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre of Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Darren C. Machin
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre of Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert A. Field
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd., Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E. Webb
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre of Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: W. Bruce Turnbull, ; Michael E. Webb,
| | - W. Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre of Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: W. Bruce Turnbull, ; Michael E. Webb,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Baker AN, Hawker-Bond GW, Georgiou PG, Dedola S, Field RA, Gibson MI. Glycosylated gold nanoparticles in point of care diagnostics: from aggregation to lateral flow. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7238-7259. [PMID: 35894819 PMCID: PMC9377422 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current point-of-care lateral flow immunoassays, such as the home pregnancy test, rely on proteins as detection units (e.g. antibodies) to sense for analytes. Glycans play a fundamental role in biological signalling and recognition events such as pathogen adhesion and hence they are promising future alternatives to antibody-based biosensing and diagnostics. Here we introduce the potential of glycans coupled to gold nanoparticles as recognition agents for lateral flow diagnostics. We first introduce the concept of lateral flow, including a case study of lateral flow use in the field compared to other diagnostic tools. We then introduce glycosylated materials, the affinity gains achieved by the cluster glycoside effect and the current use of these in aggregation based assays. Finally, the potential role of glycans in lateral flow are explained, and examples of their successful use given. Antibody-based lateral flow (immune) assays are well established, but here the emerging concept and potential of using glycans as the detection agents is reviewed.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - George W Hawker-Bond
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | | | - Robert A Field
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK. .,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aldholmi M, Ahmad R, Carretero‐Molina D, Pérez‐Victoria I, Martín J, Reyes F, Genilloud O, Gourbeyre L, Gefflaut T, Carlsson H, Maklakov A, O'Neill E, Field RA, Wilkinson B, O'Connell M, Ganesan A. Euglenatides, Potent Antiproliferative Cyclic Peptides Isolated from the Freshwater Photosynthetic Microalga Euglena gracilis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203175. [PMID: 35325497 PMCID: PMC9321709 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
By limiting the nitrogen source to glutamic acid, we isolated cyclic peptides from Euglena gracilis containing asparagine and non-proteinogenic amino acids. Structure elucidation was accomplished through spectroscopic methods, mass spectrometry and chemical degradation. The euglenatides potently inhibit pathogenic fungi and cancer cell lines e.g., euglenatide B exhibiting IC50 values of 4.3 μM in Aspergillus fumigatus and 0.29 μM in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In an unprecedented convergence of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase assembly-line biosynthesis between unicellular species and the metazoan kingdom, euglenatides bear resemblance to nemamides from Caenorhabditis elegans and inhibited both producing organisms E. gracilis and C. elegans. By molecular network analysis, we detected over forty euglenatide-like metabolites in E. gracilis, E. sanguinea and E. mutabilis, suggesting an important biological role for these natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Aldholmi
- Natural Products and Alternative MedicineCollege of Clinical PharmacyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam31441Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Natural Products and Alternative MedicineCollege of Clinical PharmacyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam31441Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel Carretero‐Molina
- Fundación MEDINACentro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en AndalucíaAvenida del Conocimiento 3418016ArmillaGranadaSpain
| | - Ignacio Pérez‐Victoria
- Fundación MEDINACentro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en AndalucíaAvenida del Conocimiento 3418016ArmillaGranadaSpain
| | - Jesús Martín
- Fundación MEDINACentro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en AndalucíaAvenida del Conocimiento 3418016ArmillaGranadaSpain
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINACentro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en AndalucíaAvenida del Conocimiento 3418016ArmillaGranadaSpain
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINACentro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en AndalucíaAvenida del Conocimiento 3418016ArmillaGranadaSpain
| | - Léa Gourbeyre
- Université Clermont AuvergneClermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal63000Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Thierry Gefflaut
- Université Clermont AuvergneClermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal63000Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Hanne Carlsson
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Alexei Maklakov
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Ellis O'Neill
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Robert A. Field
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | | | - Maria O'Connell
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - A. Ganesan
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cross AR, Roy S, Vivoli Vega M, Rejzek M, Nepogodiev SA, Cliff M, Salmon D, Isupov MN, Field RA, Prior JL, Harmer NJ. Spinning sugars in antigen biosynthesis: characterization of the Coxiella burnetii and Streptomyces griseus TDP-sugar epimerases. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101903. [PMID: 35398092 PMCID: PMC9095892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugars streptose and dihydrohydroxystreptose (DHHS) are unique to the bacteria Streptomyces griseus and Coxiella burnetii, respectively. Streptose forms the central moiety of the antibiotic streptomycin, while DHHS is found in the O-antigen of the zoonotic pathogen C. burnetii. Biosynthesis of these sugars has been proposed to follow a similar path to that of TDP-rhamnose, catalyzed by the enzymes RmlA, RmlB, RmlC, and RmlD, but the exact mechanism is unclear. Streptose and DHHS biosynthesis unusually requires a ring contraction step that could be performed by orthologs of RmlC or RmlD. Genome sequencing of S. griseus and C. burnetii has identified StrM and CBU1838 proteins as RmlC orthologs in these respective species. Here, we demonstrate that both enzymes can perform the RmlC 3'',5'' double epimerization activity necessary to support TDP-rhamnose biosynthesis in vivo. This is consistent with the ring contraction step being performed on a double epimerized substrate. We further demonstrate that proton exchange is faster at the 3''-position than the 5''-position, in contrast to a previously studied ortholog. We additionally solved the crystal structures of CBU1838 and StrM in complex with TDP and show that they form an active site highly similar to those of the previously characterized enzymes RmlC, EvaD, and ChmJ. These results support the hypothesis that streptose and DHHS are biosynthesized using the TDP pathway and that an RmlD paralog most likely performs ring contraction following double epimerization. This work will support the elucidation of the full pathways for biosynthesis of these unique sugars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Cross
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sumita Roy
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mirella Vivoli Vega
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey A Nepogodiev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Cliff
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie Salmon
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michail N Isupov
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joann L Prior
- Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Harmer
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Baker AN, Congdon TR, Richards SJ, Georgiou PG, Walker M, Dedola S, Field RA, Gibson MI. End-Functionalized Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) for Ligand Display in Lateral Flow Device Test Lines. ACS Polym Au 2022; 2:69-79. [PMID: 35425945 PMCID: PMC7612620 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Lateral flow devices
are rapid (and often low cost) point-of-care
diagnostics—the classic example being the home pregnancy test.
A test line (the stationary phase) is typically prepared by the physisorption
of an antibody, which binds to analytes/antigens such as viruses,
toxins, or hormones. However, there is no intrinsic requirement for
the detection unit to be an antibody, and incorporating other ligand
classes may bring new functionalities or detection capabilities. To
enable other (nonprotein) ligands to be deployed in lateral flow devices,
they must be physiosorbed to the stationary phase as a conjugate,
which currently would be a high-molecular-weight carrier protein,
which requires (challenging) chemoselective modifications and purification.
Here, we demonstrate that poly(vinylpyrrolidone), PVP, is a candidate
for a polymeric, protein-free test line, owing to its unique balance
of water solubility (for printing) and adhesion to the nitrocellulose
stationary phase. End-functionalized PVPs were prepared by RAFT polymerization,
and the model capture ligands of biotin and galactosamine were installed
on PVP and subsequently immobilized on nitrocellulose. This polymeric
test line was validated in both flow-through and full lateral flow
formats using streptavidin and soybean agglutinin and is the first
demonstration of an “all-polymer” approach for installation
of capture units. This work illustrates the potential of polymeric
scaffolds as anchoring agents for small-molecule capture agents in
the next generation of robust and modular lateral flow devices and
that macromolecular engineering may provide real benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Thomas R Congdon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | | | | | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | | | - Robert A Field
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd, Norwich NR4 7GJ, U.K.; Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Aldholmi M, Ahmad R, Carretero‐Molina D, Pérez‐Victoria I, Martín J, Reyes F, Genilloud O, Gourbeyre L, Gefflaut T, Carlsson H, Maklakov A, O'Neill E, Field RA, Wilkinson B, O'Connell M, Ganesan A. Euglenatides, Potent Antiproliferative Cyclic Peptides Isolated from the Freshwater Photosynthetic Microalga
Euglena gracilis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Aldholmi
- Natural Products and Alternative Medicine College of Clinical Pharmacy Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Natural Products and Alternative Medicine College of Clinical Pharmacy Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel Carretero‐Molina
- Fundación MEDINA Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía Avenida del Conocimiento 34 18016 Armilla Granada Spain
| | - Ignacio Pérez‐Victoria
- Fundación MEDINA Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía Avenida del Conocimiento 34 18016 Armilla Granada Spain
| | - Jesús Martín
- Fundación MEDINA Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía Avenida del Conocimiento 34 18016 Armilla Granada Spain
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía Avenida del Conocimiento 34 18016 Armilla Granada Spain
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía Avenida del Conocimiento 34 18016 Armilla Granada Spain
| | - Léa Gourbeyre
- Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal 63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Thierry Gefflaut
- Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal 63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Hanne Carlsson
- School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Alexei Maklakov
- School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Ellis O'Neill
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Robert A. Field
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology University of Manchester Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | | | - Maria O'Connell
- School of Pharmacy University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - A. Ganesan
- School of Pharmacy University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Thomas-Moore BA, Del Valle CA, Field RA, Marín MJ. Recent advances in nanoparticle-based targeting tactics for antibacterial photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1111-1131. [PMID: 35384638 PMCID: PMC9287206 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The rise of antibacterial drug resistance means treatment options are becoming increasingly limited. We must find ways to tackle these hard-to-treat drug-resistant and biofilm infections. With the lack of new antibacterial drugs (such as antibiotics) reaching the clinics, research has switched focus to exploring alternative strategies. One such strategy is antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), a system that relies on light, oxygen, and a non-toxic dye (photosensitiser) to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. This technique has already been shown capable of handling both drug-resistant and biofilm infections but has limited clinical approval to date, which is in part due to the low bioavailability and selectivity of hydrophobic photosensitisers. Nanotechnology-based techniques have the potential to address the limitations of current aPDT, as already well-documented in anti-cancer PDT. Here, we review recent advances in nanoparticle-based targeting tactics for aPDT. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brydie A Thomas-Moore
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
- Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, UK.
| | - Carla Arnau Del Valle
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - María J Marín
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Singh RP, Bhaiyya R, Thakur R, Niharika J, Singh C, Latousakis D, Saalbach G, Nepogodiev SA, Singh P, Sharma SC, Sengupta S, Juge N, Field RA. Biochemical Basis of Xylooligosaccharide Utilisation by Gut Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2992. [PMID: 35328413 PMCID: PMC8954004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylan is one of the major structural components of the plant cell wall. Xylan present in the human diet reaches the large intestine undigested and becomes a substrate to species of the gut microbiota. Here, we characterised the capacity of Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Blautia producta strains to utilise xylan derivatives. We showed that L. reuteri ATCC 53608 and B. producta ATCC 27340 produced β-D-xylosidases, enabling growth on xylooligosaccharide (XOS). The recombinant enzymes were highly active on artificial (p-nitrophenyl β-D-xylopyranoside) and natural (xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose) substrates, and showed transxylosylation activity and tolerance to xylose inhibition. The enzymes belong to glycoside hydrolase family 120 with Asp as nucleophile and Glu as proton donor, as shown by homology modelling and confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. In silico analysis revealed that these enzymes were part of a gene cluster in L. reuteri but not in Blautia strains, and quantitative proteomics identified other enzymes and transporters involved in B. producta XOS utilisation. Based on these findings, we proposed a model for an XOS metabolism pathway in L. reuteri and B. producta strains. Together with phylogenetic analyses, the data also revealed the extended xylanolytic potential of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pal Singh
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar 140306, India; (R.B.); (R.T.); (J.N.); (C.S.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR47UH, UK; (G.S.); (S.A.N.)
| | - Raja Bhaiyya
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar 140306, India; (R.B.); (R.T.); (J.N.); (C.S.)
| | - Raksha Thakur
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar 140306, India; (R.B.); (R.T.); (J.N.); (C.S.)
| | - Jayashree Niharika
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar 140306, India; (R.B.); (R.T.); (J.N.); (C.S.)
| | - Chandrajeet Singh
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar 140306, India; (R.B.); (R.T.); (J.N.); (C.S.)
| | - Dimitrios Latousakis
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (D.L.); (N.J.)
| | - Gerhard Saalbach
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR47UH, UK; (G.S.); (S.A.N.)
| | - Sergey A. Nepogodiev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR47UH, UK; (G.S.); (S.A.N.)
| | - Praveen Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India; (P.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sukesh Chander Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Shantanu Sengupta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India; (P.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Nathalie Juge
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (D.L.); (N.J.)
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR47UH, UK; (G.S.); (S.A.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
de Andrade P, Ahmadipour S, Field RA. Anomeric 1,2,3-triazole-linked sialic acid derivatives show selective inhibition towards a bacterial neuraminidase over a trypanosome trans-sialidase. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:208-216. [PMID: 35280952 PMCID: PMC8895027 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid is the natural substrate for sialidases and its chemical modification has been a useful approach to generate potent and selective inhibitors. Aiming at advancing the discovery of selective Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase (TcTS) inhibitors, we have synthesised a small series of anomeric 1,2,3-triazole-linked sialic acid derivatives in good yields and high purity via copper-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC, click chemistry) and evaluated their activity towards TcTS and neuraminidase. Surprisingly, the compounds showed practically no TcTS inhibition, whereas ca. 70% inhibition was observed for neuraminidase in relation to the analogues bearing hydrophobic substituents and ca. 5% for more polar substituents. These results suggest that polarity changes are less tolerated by neuraminidase due to the big difference in impact of hydrophobicity upon inhibition, thus indicating a simple approach to differentiate both enzymes. Moreover, such selectivity might be reasoned based on a possible steric hindrance caused by a bulky hydrophobic loop that sits over the TcTS active site and may prevent the hydrophobic inhibitors from binding. The present study is a step forward in exploiting subtle structural differences in sialidases that need to be addressed in order to achieve selective inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peterson de Andrade
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park NR4 7GJ, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park NR4 7GJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Baker AN, Muguruza AR, Richards S, Georgiou PG, Goetz S, Walker M, Dedola S, Field RA, Gibson MI. Lateral Flow Glyco-Assays for the Rapid and Low-Cost Detection of Lectins-Polymeric Linkers and Particle Engineering Are Essential for Selectivity and Performance. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101784. [PMID: 34747143 PMCID: PMC7612396 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lateral flow immuno-assays, such as the home pregnancy test, are rapid point-of-care diagnostics that use antibody-coated nanoparticles to bind antigens/analytes (e.g., viruses, toxins or hormones). Ease of use, no need for centralized infrastructure and low-cost, makes these devices appealing for rapid disease identification, especially in low-resource environments. Here glycosylated polymer-coated nanoparticles are demonstrated for the sensitive, label-free detection of lectins in lateral flow and flow-through. The systems introduced here use glycans, not antibodies, to provide recognition: a “lateral flow glyco-assay,” providing unique biosensing opportunities. Glycans are installed onto polymer termini and immobilized onto gold nanoparticles, providing colloidal stability but crucially also introducing assay tunability and selectivity. Using soybean agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA120) as model analytes, the impact of polymer chain length and nanoparticle core size are evaluated, with chain length found to have a significant effect on signal generation—highlighting the need to control the macromolecular architecture to tune response. With optimized systems, lectins are detectable at subnanomolar concentrations, comparable to antibody-based systems. Complete lateral flow devices are also assembled to show how these devices can be deployed in the “real world.” This work shows that glycan-binding can be a valuable tool in rapid diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Baker
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Asier R. Muguruza
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- School of Chemistry University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Sarah‐Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Stephen Goetz
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7GJ UK
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Simone Dedola
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7GJ UK
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology University of Manchester Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Young ID, Nepogodiev SA, Black IM, Le Gall G, Wittmann A, Latousakis D, Visnapuu T, Azadi P, Field RA, Juge N, Kawasaki N. Lipopolysaccharide associated with β-2,6 fructan mediates TLR4-dependent immunomodulatory activity in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118606. [PMID: 34893207 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Levan, a β-2,6 fructofuranose polymer produced by microbial species, has been reported for its immunomodulatory properties via interaction with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) which recognises lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions remain elusive. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory properties of levan using thoroughly-purified and characterised samples from Erwinia herbicola and other sources. E. herbicola levan was purified by gel-permeation chromatography and LPS was removed from the levan following a novel alkali treatment developed in this study. E. herbicola levan was then characterised by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and NMR. We found that levan containing LPS, but not LPS-depleted levan, induced TLR4-mediated cytokine production by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and/or activated TLR4 reporter cells. These data indicated that the immunomodulatory properties of the levan toward TLR4-expressing immune cells were mediated by the LPS. This work also demonstrates the importance of LPS removal when assessing the immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Young
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Sergey A Nepogodiev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ian M Black
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Gwenaelle Le Gall
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Alexandra Wittmann
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | | | - Triinu Visnapuu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Norihito Kawasaki
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ahmadipour S, Wahart AJC, Dolan JP, Beswick L, Hawes CS, Field RA, Miller GJ. Synthesis of C6-modified mannose 1-phosphates and evaluation of derived sugar nucleotides against GDP-mannose dehydrogenase. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1379-1384. [PMID: 36247981 PMCID: PMC9531554 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufferers of cystic fibrosis are at significant risk of contracting chronic bacterial lung infections. The dominant pathogen in these cases is mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Such infections are characterised by overproduction of the exopolysaccharide alginate. We present herein the design and chemoenzymatic synthesis of sugar nucleotide tools to probe a critical enzyme within alginate biosynthesis, GDP-mannose dehydrogenase (GMD). We first synthesise C6-modified glycosyl 1-phosphates, incorporating 6-amino, 6-chloro and 6-sulfhydryl groups, followed by their evaluation as substrates for enzymatic pyrophosphorylative coupling. The development of this methodology enables access to GDP 6-chloro-6-deoxy-ᴅ-mannose and its evaluation against GMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Alice J C Wahart
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jonathan P Dolan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Laura Beswick
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Chris S Hawes
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wagstaff BA, Pratscher J, Rivera PPL, Hems ES, Brooks E, Rejzek M, Todd JD, Murrell JC, Field RA. Assessing the Toxicity and Mitigating the Impact of Harmful Prymnesium Blooms in Eutrophic Waters of the Norfolk Broads. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:16538-16551. [PMID: 34882392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Prymnesium parvum is a toxin-producing microalga, which causes harmful algal blooms globally, frequently leading to massive fish kills that have adverse ecological and economic implications for natural waterways and aquaculture alike. The dramatic effects observed on fish are thought to be due to algal polyether toxins, known as the prymnesins, but their lack of environmental detection has resulted in an uncertainty about the true ichthyotoxic agents. Using qPCR, we found elevated levels of P. parvum and its lytic virus, PpDNAV-BW1, in a fish-killing bloom on the Norfolk Broads, United Kingdom, in March 2015. We also detected, for the first time, the B-type prymnesin toxins in Broads waterway samples and gill tissue isolated from a dead fish taken from the study site. Furthermore, Norfolk Broads P. parvum isolates unambiguously produced B-type toxins in laboratory-grown cultures. A 2 year longitudinal study of the Broads study site showed P. parvum blooms to be correlated with increased temperature and that PpDNAV plays a significant role in P. parvum bloom demise. Finally, we used a field trial to show that treatment with low doses of hydrogen peroxide represents an effective strategy to mitigate blooms of P. parvum in enclosed water bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Wagstaff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
| | - Jennifer Pratscher
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Peter Paolo L Rivera
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Edward S Hems
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
| | - Elliot Brooks
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
| | - Jonathan D Todd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - J Colin Murrell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ahmadipour S, Field RA, Miller GJ. Prospects for anti- Candida therapy through targeting the cell wall: A mini-review. Cell Surf 2021; 7:100063. [PMID: 34746525 PMCID: PMC8551693 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2021.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of fungal infections on humans is a serious public health issue that has received much less attention than bacterial infection and treatment, despite ever-increasing incidence exacerbated by an increased incidence of immunocompromised individuals in the population. Candida species, in particular, cause some of the most prevalent hospital-related fungal infections. Fungal infections are also detrimental to the well-being of grazing livestock, with milk production in dairy cows, and body and coat condition adversely affected by fungal infections. Fungal cell walls are essential for viability, morphogenesis and pathogenesis: numerous anti-fungal drugs rely on targeting either the cell wall or cell membrane, but the pipeline of available bioactives is limited. There is a clear and unmet need to identify novel targets and develop new classes of anti-fungal agents. This mini review focuses on fungal cell wall structure, composition and biosynthesis in Candida spp., including C. auris. In addition, an overview of current advances in the development of cell wall targeted therapies is considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.,Iceni Diagnostics Ltd, The Innovation Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.,Iceni Diagnostics Ltd, The Innovation Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gabrielli V, Muñoz-García JC, Pergolizzi G, de Andrade P, Khimyak YZ, Field RA, Angulo J. Molecular Recognition of Natural and Non-Natural Substrates by Cellodextrin Phosphorylase from Ruminiclostridium Thermocellum Investigated by NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2021; 27:15688-15698. [PMID: 34436794 PMCID: PMC9293210 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
β‐1→4‐Glucan polysaccharides like cellulose, derivatives and analogues, are attracting attention due to their unique physicochemical properties, as ideal candidates for many different applications in biotechnology. Access to these polysaccharides with a high level of purity at scale is still challenging, and eco‐friendly alternatives by using enzymes in vitro are highly desirable. One prominent candidate enzyme is cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP) from Ruminiclostridium thermocellum, which is able to yield cellulose oligomers from short cellodextrins and α‐d‐glucose 1‐phosphate (Glc‐1‐P) as substrates. Remarkably, its broad specificity towards donors and acceptors allows the generation of highly diverse cellulose‐based structures to produce novel materials. However, to fully exploit this CDP broad specificity, a detailed understanding of the molecular recognition of substrates by this enzyme in solution is needed. Herein, we provide a detailed investigation of the molecular recognition of ligands by CDP in solution by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy, tr‐NOESY and protein‐ligand docking. Our results, discussed in the context of previous reaction kinetics data in the literature, allow a better understanding of the structural basis of the broad binding specificity of this biotechnologically relevant enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gabrielli
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Juan C Muñoz-García
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Giulia Pergolizzi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TH, UK
| | - Peterson de Andrade
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TH, UK.,Present address, Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TH, UK.,Present address, Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Jesús Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Baker AN, Richards SJ, Pandey S, Guy CS, Ahmad A, Hasan M, Biggs CI, Georgiou PG, Zwetsloot AJ, Straube A, Dedola S, Field RA, Anderson NR, Walker M, Grammatopoulos D, Gibson MI. Glycan-Based Flow-Through Device for the Detection of SARS-COV-2. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3696-3705. [PMID: 34634204 PMCID: PMC8525701 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, and future pandemics, require diagnostic tools to track disease spread and guide the isolation of (a)symptomatic individuals. Lateral-flow diagnostics (LFDs) are rapid and of lower cost than molecular (genetic) tests, with current LFDs using antibodies as their recognition units. Herein, we develop a prototype flow-through device (related, but distinct to LFDs), utilizing N-acetyl neuraminic acid-functionalized, polymer-coated, gold nanoparticles as the detection/capture unit for SARS-COV-2, by targeting the sialic acid-binding site of the spike protein. The prototype device can give rapid results, with higher viral loads being faster than lower viral loads. The prototype's effectiveness is demonstrated using spike protein, lentiviral models, and a panel of heat-inactivated primary patient nasal swabs. The device was also shown to retain detection capability toward recombinant spike proteins from several variants (mutants) of concern. This study provides the proof of principle that glyco-lateral-flow devices could be developed to be used in the tracking monitoring of infectious agents, to complement, or as alternatives to antibody-based systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarojini Pandey
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational
Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS
Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX,
U.K.
| | - Collette S. Guy
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick Medical School, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick Medical School, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Caroline I. Biggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | | | - Anne Straube
- Warwick Medical School, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Simone Dedola
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd., Norwich
Research Park, Norwich NR4 7GJ, U.K.
| | - Robert A. Field
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd., Norwich
Research Park, Norwich NR4 7GJ, U.K.
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of
Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN,
U.K.
| | - Neil R. Anderson
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational
Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS
Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX,
U.K.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Dimitris Grammatopoulos
- Warwick Medical School, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational
Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS
Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX,
U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick Medical School, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bulmer GS, de Andrade P, Field RA, van Munster JM. Recent advances in enzymatic synthesis of β-glucan and cellulose. Carbohydr Res 2021; 508:108411. [PMID: 34392134 PMCID: PMC8425183 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up synthesis of β-glucans such as callose, fungal β-(1,3)(1,6)-glucan and cellulose, can create the defined compounds that are needed to perform fundamental studies on glucan properties and develop applications. With the importance of β-glucans and cellulose in high-profile fields such as nutrition, renewables-based biotechnology and materials science, the enzymatic synthesis of such relevant carbohydrates and their derivatives has attracted much attention. Here we review recent developments in enzymatic synthesis of β-glucans and cellulose, with a focus on progress made over the last five years. We cover the different types of biocatalysts employed, their incorporation in cascades, the exploitation of enzyme promiscuity and their engineering, and reaction conditions affecting the production as well as in situ self-assembly of (non)functionalised glucans. The recent achievements in the application of glycosyl transferases and β-1,4- and β-1,3-glucan phosphorylases demonstrate the high potential and versatility of these biocatalysts in glucan synthesis in both industrial and academic contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Bulmer
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Peterson de Andrade
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Jolanda M van Munster
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Charoenwongpaiboon T, Wangpaiboon K, Pichyangkura R, Nepogodiev SA, Wonganan P, Mahalapbutr P, Field RA. Characterization of a nanoparticulate exopolysaccharide from Leuconostoc holzapfelii KM01 and its potential application in drug encapsulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:690-698. [PMID: 34343579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) is considered to be a sustainable approach for polysaccharide production. Herein, exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing LAB strain KM01 was isolated from Thai fermented dessert, Khao Mak, which was then identified as Leuconostoc holzapfelii. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that the KM01 EPS comprises α-1,6-linked glucosides. The molecular weight of KM01 EPS was around 500 kDa, but it can form large aggregates formation (MW > 2000 kDa) in an aqueous solution, judged by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering to be around 150 nm in size. Furthermore, this KM01 EPS form highly viscous hydrogels at concentrations above 5% (w/v). The formation of hydrogels and nanoparticle of KM01 EPS was found to be reversible. Finally, the suitability of KM01 EPS for biomedical applications was demonstrated by its lack of cytotoxicity and its ability to form complexes with quercetin. Unlike the common α-1,6-linked dextran, KM01 EPS can enhance the solubility of quercetin significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sergey A Nepogodiev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Piyanuch Wonganan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nigmatullin R, de Andrade P, Harniman R, Field RA, Eichhorn SJ. Postsynthesis Self- And Coassembly of Enzymatically Produced Fluorinated Cellodextrins and Cellulose Nanocrystals. Langmuir 2021; 37:9215-9221. [PMID: 34297578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The design of new functional materials and devices substantially relies on self-assembly of hierarchical structures. Formation of 2D platelets is known in the enzymatic synthesis of cellulose-like polymers. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of postsynthesis assembly of novel fluorinated cellodextrins. Highly ordered 2D structures of large lateral dimensions, unattainable in the polymerization process, can be formed because of postsynthesis assembly of the cellodextrins. These cellodextrins were also involved in coassembly with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) leading to hybrid systems. The hybrid architectures obtained depend on the content of fluorine atoms in the fluorinated cellodextrins. Monofluorinated cellodextrins coassemble with CNCs into a nanoweb, while multifluorinated cellodextrins assemble around the CNCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Nigmatullin
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, United Kingdom
| | - Peterson de Andrade
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TH, U.K
| | - Robert Harniman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TH, U.K
| | - Stephen J Eichhorn
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hernando PJ, Dedola S, Marín MJ, Field RA. Recent Developments in the Use of Glyconanoparticles and Related Quantum Dots for the Detection of Lectins, Viruses, Bacteria and Cancer Cells. Front Chem 2021; 9:668509. [PMID: 34350156 PMCID: PMC8326456 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.668509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-coated nanoparticles—glyconanoparticles—are finding increased interest as tools in biomedicine. This compilation, mainly covering the past five years, comprises the use of gold, silver and ferrite (magnetic) nanoparticles, silicon-based and cadmium-based quantum dots. Applications in the detection of lectins/protein toxins, viruses and bacteria are covered, as well as advances in detection of cancer cells. The role of the carbohydrate moieties in stabilising nanoparticles and providing selectivity in bioassays is discussed, the issue of cytotoxicity encountered in some systems, especially semiconductor quantum dots, is also considered. Efforts to overcome the latter problem by using other types of nanoparticles, based on gold or silicon, are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Hernando
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd., Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Dedola
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd., Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - María J Marín
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd., Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
de Andrade P, Muñoz‐García JC, Pergolizzi G, Gabrielli V, Nepogodiev SA, Iuga D, Fábián L, Nigmatullin R, Johns MA, Harniman R, Eichhorn SJ, Angulo J, Khimyak YZ, Field RA. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Fluorinated Cellodextrins Identifies a New Allomorph for Cellulose-Like Materials*. Chemistry 2021; 27:1374-1382. [PMID: 32990374 PMCID: PMC7898601 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the fine details of the self-assembly of building blocks into complex hierarchical structures represents a major challenge en route to the design and preparation of soft-matter materials with specific properties. Enzymatically synthesised cellodextrins are known to have limited water solubility beyond DP9, a point at which they self-assemble into particles resembling the antiparallel cellulose II crystalline packing. We have prepared and characterised a series of site-selectively fluorinated cellodextrins with different degrees of fluorination and substitution patterns by chemoenzymatic synthesis. Bearing in mind the potential disruption of the hydrogen-bond network of cellulose II, we have prepared and characterised a multiply 6-fluorinated cellodextrin. In addition, a series of single site-selectively fluorinated cellodextrins was synthesised to assess the structural impact upon the addition of one fluorine atom per chain. The structural characterisation of these materials at different length scales, combining advanced NMR spectroscopy and microscopy methods, showed that a 6-fluorinated donor substrate yielded multiply 6-fluorinated cellodextrin chains that assembled into particles presenting morphological and crystallinity features, and intermolecular interactions, that are unprecedented for cellulose-like materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peterson de Andrade
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwichNR4 7UHUK
- Present address: Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Juan C. Muñoz‐García
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Giulia Pergolizzi
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwichNR4 7UHUK
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd.Norwich Research Park Innovation CentreColney LaneNorwichNorfolkNR4 7GJUK
| | - Valeria Gabrielli
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | | | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - László Fábián
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Rinat Nigmatullin
- Bristol Composites InstituteCAME School of EngineeringUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TRUK
| | - Marcus A. Johns
- Bristol Composites InstituteCAME School of EngineeringUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TRUK
| | | | - Stephen J. Eichhorn
- Bristol Composites InstituteCAME School of EngineeringUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TRUK
| | - Jesús Angulo
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Yaroslav Z. Khimyak
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwichNR4 7UHUK
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd.Norwich Research Park Innovation CentreColney LaneNorwichNorfolkNR4 7GJUK
- Present address: Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM1 7DNUK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Duan CJ, Baslé A, Liberato MV, Gray J, Nepogodiev SA, Field RA, Juge N, Ndeh D. Ascertaining the biochemical function of an essential pectin methylesterase in the gut microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18625-18637. [PMID: 33097594 PMCID: PMC7939467 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectins are a major dietary nutrient source for the human gut microbiota. The prominent gut microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was recently shown to encode the founding member (BT1017) of a new family of pectin methylesterases essential for the metabolism of the complex pectin rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II). However, biochemical and structural knowledge of this family is lacking. Here, we showed that BT1017 is critical for the metabolism of an RG-II-derived oligosaccharide ΔBT1017oligoB generated by a BT1017 deletion mutant (ΔBT1017) during growth on carbohydrate extract from apple juice. Structural analyses of ΔBT1017oligoB using a combination of enzymatic, mass spectrometric, and NMR approaches revealed that it is a bimethylated nonaoligosaccharide (GlcA-β1,4-(2-O-Me-Xyl-α1,3)-Fuc-α1,4-(GalA-β1,3)-Rha-α1,3-Api-β1,2-(Araf-α1,3)-(GalA-α1,4)-GalA) containing components of the RG-II backbone and its side chains. We showed that the catalytic module of BT1017 adopts an α/β-hydrolase fold, consisting of a central twisted 10-stranded β-sheet sandwiched by several α-helices. This constitutes a new fold for pectin methylesterases, which are predominantly right-handed β-helical proteins. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that the family is dominated by sequences from prominent genera of the human gut microbiota, including Bacteroides and Prevotella Our re-sults not only highlight the critical role played by this family of enzymes in pectin metabolism but also provide new insights into the molecular basis of the adaptation of B. thetaiotaomicron to the human gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jie Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Arnaud Baslé
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo Visona Liberato
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joseph Gray
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey A Nepogodiev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Didier Ndeh
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Beswick L, Dimitriou E, Ahmadipour S, Zafar A, Rejzek M, Reynisson J, Field RA, Miller GJ. Inhibition of the GDP-d-Mannose Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Targeted Sugar Nucleotide Probes. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:3086-3092. [PMID: 33237714 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sufferers of cystic fibrosis are at extremely high risk for contracting chronic lung infections. Over their lifetime, one bacterial strain in particular, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, becomes the dominant pathogen. Bacterial strains incur loss-of-function mutations in the mucA gene that lead to a mucoid conversion, resulting in copious secretion of the exopolysaccharide alginate. Strategies that stop the production of alginate in mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are therefore of paramount importance. To aid in this, a series of sugar nucleotide tools to probe an enzyme critical to alginate biosynthesis, guanosine diphosphate mannose dehydrogenase (GMD), have been developed. GMD catalyzes the irreversible formation of the alginate building block, guanosine diphosphate mannuronic acid. Using a chemoenzymatic strategy, we accessed a series of modified sugar nucleotides, identifying a C6-amide derivative of guanosine diphosphate mannose as a micromolar inhibitor of GMD. This discovery provides a framework for wider inhibition strategies against GMD to be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beswick
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Dimitriou
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- Hornbeam Building, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Baruah J, Chaliha C, Kalita E, Nath BK, Field RA, Deb P. Modelling and optimization of factors influencing adsorptive performance of agrowaste-derived Nanocellulose Iron Oxide Nanobiocomposites during remediation of Arsenic contaminated groundwater. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:53-65. [PMID: 32679332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose Iron Oxide Nanobiocomposites (NIONs) were synthesized from rice husk and sugarcane bagasse derived nanocelluloses for adsorptive removal of arsenic and associated contaminants present in groundwater samples. These NIONSs were superparamagnetic, hence magnetically recoverable and demonstrated promising recyclability. Synthesis of NIONs was confirmed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS). FTIR and XPS data together with adsorption kinetics provide insights into probable adsorption mechanism of Arsenic by NIONs. The experimental conditions for 10 different variants were modelled using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD), considering the parameters; adsorbate dosage, adsorbent dosage, pH and contact time. The results identified the best performing variants and the optimal conditions for maximal absorption (~99%). These results were validated using a three-layer feed-forward Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Both RSM and ANN chemometric models were in close conformity for optimized conditions of highest adsorption by specific variants. The standardized conditions were used to expand the study to field-based arsenic contaminated groundwater samples and their performance to commercial adsorbents. NIONs show promising commercial potential for water remediation applications due to their high adsorptive performance, magnetic recoverability and recyclability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Baruah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India; Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - C Chaliha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - E Kalita
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India.
| | - B K Nath
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - R A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - P Deb
- Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Baker A, Richards SJ, Guy CS, Congdon TR, Hasan M, Zwetsloot AJ, Gallo A, Lewandowski JR, Stansfeld PJ, Straube A, Walker M, Chessa S, Pergolizzi G, Dedola S, Field RA, Gibson MI. The SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein Binds Sialic Acids and Enables Rapid Detection in a Lateral Flow Point of Care Diagnostic Device. ACS Cent Sci 2020; 6:2046-2052. [PMID: 33269329 PMCID: PMC7523238 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to understand the behavior of the novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2), which is the causative agent of COVID-19, and to develop point-of-care diagnostics. Here, a glyconanoparticle platform is used to discover that N-acetyl neuraminic acid has affinity toward the SARS-COV-2 spike glycoprotein, demonstrating its glycan-binding function. Optimization of the particle size and coating enabled detection of the spike glycoprotein in lateral flow and showed selectivity over the SARS-COV-1 spike protein. Using a virus-like particle and a pseudotyped lentivirus model, paper-based lateral flow detection was demonstrated in under 30 min, showing the potential of this system as a low-cost detection platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Collette S. Guy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Thomas R. Congdon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Angelo Gallo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Phillip J. Stansfeld
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Anne Straube
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Simona Chessa
- Iceni
Diagnostics Ltd, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, U.K.
| | - Giulia Pergolizzi
- Iceni
Diagnostics Ltd, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, U.K.
| | - Simone Dedola
- Iceni
Diagnostics Ltd, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, U.K.
| | - Robert A. Field
- Iceni
Diagnostics Ltd, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Robertson AM, Edie R, Field RA, Lyon D, McVay R, Omara M, Zavala-Araiza D, Murphy SM. New Mexico Permian Basin Measured Well Pad Methane Emissions Are a Factor of 5-9 Times Higher Than U.S. EPA Estimates. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:13926-13934. [PMID: 33058723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methane emission fluxes were estimated for 71 oil and gas well pads in the western Permian Basin (Delaware Basin), using a mobile laboratory and an inverse Gaussian dispersion method (OTM 33A). Sites with emissions that were below detection limit (BDL) for OTM 33A were recorded and included in the sample. Average emission rate per site was estimated by bootstrapping and by maximum likelihood best log-normal fit. Sites had to be split into "complex" (sites with liquid storage tanks and/or compressors) and "simple" (sites with only wellheads/pump jacks/separators) categories to achieve acceptable log-normal fits. For complex sites, the log-normal fit depends heavily on the number of BDL sites included. As more BDL sites are included, the log-normal distribution fit to the data is falsely widened, overestimating the mean, highlighting the importance of correctly characterizing low end emissions when using log-normal fits. Basin-wide methane emission rates were estimated for the production sector of the New Mexico portion of the Permian and range from ∼520 000 tons per year, TPY (bootstrapping, 95% CI: 300 000-790 000) to ∼610 000 TPY (log-normal fit method, 95% CI: 330 000-1 000 000). These estimates are a factor of 5.5-9.0 times greater than EPA National Emission Inventory (NEI) estimates for the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Robertson
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Rachel Edie
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - David Lyon
- Environmental Defense Fund, 301 Congress Avenue, Suite 1300, Austin, Texas 78701, United States
| | - Renee McVay
- Environmental Defense Fund, 301 Congress Avenue, Suite 1300, Austin, Texas 78701, United States
| | - Mark Omara
- Environmental Defense Fund, 301 Congress Avenue, Suite 1300, Austin, Texas 78701, United States
| | - Daniel Zavala-Araiza
- Environmental Defense Fund, 301 Congress Avenue, Suite 1300, Austin, Texas 78701, United States
| | - Shane M Murphy
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Charoenwongpaiboon T, Punnatin P, Klaewkla M, Pramoj Na Ayutthaya P, Wangpaiboon K, Chunsrivirot S, Field RA, Pichyangkura R. Conserved Calcium-Binding Residues at the Ca-I Site Involved in Fructooligosaccharide Synthesis by Lactobacillus reuteri 121 Inulosucrase. ACS Omega 2020; 5:28001-28011. [PMID: 33163783 PMCID: PMC7643167 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inulosucrase is an enzyme that synthesizes inulin-type β-2,1-linked fructooligosaccharides (IFOS) from sucrose. Previous studies have shown that calcium is important for the activity and stability of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase (LrInu). Here, mutational analyses of four conserved calcium-binding site I (Ca-I) residues of LrInu, Asp418, Gln449, Asn488, and Asp520 were performed. Alanine substitution for these residues not only reduced the stability and activity of LrInu, but also modulated the pattern of the IFOS produced. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation indicated that these mutations had limited impact on the overall conformation of the enzyme. One of Ca-I residues most critical for controlling LrInu-mediated polymerization of IFOS, Asp418, was also subjected to mutagenesis, generating D418E, D418H, D418L, D418N, D418S, and D418W. The activity of these mutants demonstrated that the IFOS chain length could be controlled by a single mutation at the Ca-I site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Panachai Punnatin
- Structural
and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Methus Klaewkla
- Structural
and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Surasak Chunsrivirot
- Structural
and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pfister B, Zeeman SC, Rugen MD, Field RA, Ebenhöh O, Raguin A. Theoretical and experimental approaches to understand the biosynthesis of starch granules in a physiological context. Photosynth Res 2020; 145:55-70. [PMID: 31955343 PMCID: PMC7308250 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Starch, a plant-derived insoluble carbohydrate composed of glucose polymers, is the principal carbohydrate in our diet and a valuable raw material for industry. The properties of starch depend on the arrangement of glucose units within the constituent polymers. However, key aspects of starch structure and the underlying biosynthetic processes are not well understood, limiting progress towards targeted improvement of our starch crops. In particular, the major component of starch, amylopectin, has a complex three-dimensional, branched architecture. This architecture stems from the combined actions of a multitude of enzymes, each having broad specificities that are difficult to capture experimentally. In this review, we reflect on experimental approaches and limitations to decipher the enzymes' specificities and explore possibilities for in silico simulations of these activities. We believe that the synergy between experimentation and simulation is needed for the correct interpretation of experimental data and holds the potential to greatly advance our understanding of the overall starch biosynthetic process. We furthermore propose that the formation of glucan secondary structures, concomitant with its synthesis, is a previously overlooked factor that directly affects amylopectin architecture through its impact on enzyme function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pfister
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel C Zeeman
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael D Rugen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Oliver Ebenhöh
- Department of Biology, Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adélaïde Raguin
- Department of Biology, Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Singh RP, Pergolizzi G, Nepogodiev SA, de Andrade P, Kuhaudomlarp S, Field RA. Preparative and Kinetic Analysis of β-1,4- and β-1,3-Glucan Phosphorylases Informs Access to Human Milk Oligosaccharide Fragments and Analogues Thereof. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1043-1049. [PMID: 31657512 PMCID: PMC7187349 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides depends on the availability of suitable enzymes, which remains a limitation. Without recourse to enzyme engineering or evolution approaches, herein we demonstrate the ability of wild-type cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP: β-1,4-glucan linkage-dependent) and laminaridextrin phosphorylase (Pro_7066: β-1,3-glucan linkage-dependent) to tolerate a number of sugar-1- phosphate substrates, albeit with reduced kinetic efficiency. In spite of catalytic efficiencies of <1 % of the natural reactions, we demonstrate the utility of given phosphorylase-sugar phosphate pairs to access new-to-nature fragments of human milk oligosaccharides, or analogues thereof, in multi-milligram quantities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pal Singh
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
- Present address: Food and Nutritional Biotechnology DivisionNational Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI)Main Campus, Sector 81Sahibzada Ajit Singh NagarPunjab140306India
| | - Giulia Pergolizzi
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Sergey A. Nepogodiev
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Peterson de Andrade
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Sakonwan Kuhaudomlarp
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
- Present address: Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wangpaiboon K, Waiyaseesang N, Panpetch P, Charoenwongpaiboon T, Nepogodiev SA, Ekgasit S, Field RA, Pichayangkura R. Characterisation of insoluble α-1,3-/α-1,6 mixed linkage glucan produced in addition to soluble α-1,6-linked dextran by glucansucrase (DEX-N) from Leuconostoc citreum ABK-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:473-482. [PMID: 32097735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glucansucrases catalyse the formation of glucans from sucrose. The glucansucrase-encoding gene from Leuconostoc citreum ABK-1, dex-N, was successfully cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21 Star (DE3). DEX-N produces 2 types of glucans: soluble (S-dextran) and insoluble (I-glucan) glucans. The S-dextran was determined to be ca. 10 kDa in size and contained >90% α-1,6 linkages; along with its water solubility, this is similar to commercial dextran. On the other hand, I-glucan was water-insoluble, harbouring a block-wise pattern of α-1,3 and α-1,6 linkages in its structure. Notably, the FTIR and powder X-ray diffraction pattern of I-glucan exhibited a combination of features found in α-1,6-linked dextran and α-1,3-linked mutan. Although both I-glucan and mutan are insoluble glucans, their physical characteristics are notably dissimilar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nisachon Waiyaseesang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pawinee Panpetch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Sergey A Nepogodiev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Sanong Ekgasit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Rath Pichayangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Edie R, Robertson AM, Soltis J, Field RA, Snare D, Burkhart MD, Murphy SM. Off-Site Flux Estimates of Volatile Organic Compounds from Oil and Gas Production Facilities Using Fast-Response Instrumentation. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:1385-1394. [PMID: 31715097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flux estimates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from oil and gas (O&G) production facilities are fundamental in understanding hazardous air pollutant concentrations and ozone formation. Previous off-site emission estimates derive fluxes by ratioing VOCs measured in canisters to methane fluxes measured in the field. This study uses the Environmental Protection Agency's Other Test Method 33A (OTM 33A) and a fast-response proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer to make direct measurements of VOC emissions from O&G facilities in the Upper Green River Basin, Wyoming. We report the first off-site direct flux estimates of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes from upstream O&G production facilities and find that these estimates can vary significantly from flux estimates derived using both the canister ratio technique and from the emission inventory. The 32 OTM 33A flux estimates had arithmetic mean (and 95% CI) as follows: benzene 17.83 (0.22, 98.05) g/h, toluene 34.43 (1.01, 126.76) g/h, C8 aromatics 37.38 (1.06, 225.34) g/h, and methane 2.3 (1.7, 3.1) kg/h. A total of 20% of facilities measured accounted for ∼67% of total BTEX emissions. While this heavy tail is less dramatic than previous observations of methane in other basins, it is more prominent than that predicted by the emission inventory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Edie
- Department of Atmospheric Science , University of Wyoming , 1000 East University Avenue , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| | - Anna M Robertson
- Department of Atmospheric Science , University of Wyoming , 1000 East University Avenue , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| | - Jeffrey Soltis
- Department of Atmospheric Science , University of Wyoming , 1000 East University Avenue , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Atmospheric Science , University of Wyoming , 1000 East University Avenue , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| | - Dustin Snare
- All4, Inc. , Kimberton , Pennsylvania 19442 , United States
| | - Matthew D Burkhart
- Department of Atmospheric Science , University of Wyoming , 1000 East University Avenue , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| | - Shane M Murphy
- Department of Atmospheric Science , University of Wyoming , 1000 East University Avenue , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Beswick L, Ahmadipour S, Hofman GJ, Wootton H, Dimitriou E, Reynisson J, Field RA, Linclau B, Miller GJ. Exploring anomeric glycosylation of phosphoric acid: Optimisation and scope for non-native substrates. Carbohydr Res 2020; 488:107896. [PMID: 31887633 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beswick
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Gert-Jan Hofman
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Wootton
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Dimitriou
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- Hornbeam Building, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dou WT, Liu LF, Gao J, Zang Y, Chen GR, Field RA, James TD, Li J, He XP. Correction: Fluorescence imaging of a potential diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer cells using a peptide-functionalized fluorogenic 2D material. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:664. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc90547b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for ‘Fluorescence imaging of a potential diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer cells using a peptide-functionalized fluorogenic 2D material’ by Wei-Tao Dou et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 13235–13238.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tao Dou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Yi Zang
- National Center for Drug Screening
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
| | - Guo-Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry
- John Innes Centre
- Norwich Research Park
- Norwich NR4 7UH
- UK
| | | | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dedola S, Rugen MD, Young RJ, Field RA. Revisiting the Language of Glycoscience: Readers, Writers and Erasers in Carbohydrate Biochemistry. Chembiochem 2019; 21:423-427. [PMID: 31317590 PMCID: PMC7463168 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The roles of carbohydrates in nature are many and varied. However, the lack of template encoding in glycoscience distances carbohydrate structure, and hence function, from gene sequence. This challenging situation is compounded by descriptors of carbohydrate structure and function that have tended to emphasise their complexity. Herein, we suggest that revising the language of glycoscience could make interdisciplinary discourse more accessible to all interested parties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dedola
- Iceni Diagnostics, The Innovation Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7GJ, UK
| | - Michael D Rugen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UH, UK.,Present address: Cobra Biologics, Science Park, University of Keele, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, ST5 5SP, UK
| | - Robert J Young
- Medicinal Chemistry, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Iceni Diagnostics, The Innovation Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7GJ, UK.,Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UH, UK.,Present address: Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Beswick L, Ahmadipour S, Dolan JP, Rejzek M, Field RA, Miller GJ. Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of the alginate sugar nucleotide building block: GDP-d-mannuronic acid. Carbohydr Res 2019; 485:107819. [PMID: 31557683 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beswick
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jonathan P Dolan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Charoenwongpaiboon T, Wangpaiboon K, Panpetch P, Field RA, Barclay JE, Pichyangkura R, Kuttiyawong K. Temperature-dependent inulin nanoparticles synthesized by Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase and complex formation with flavonoids. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
48
|
Dou WT, Liu LF, Gao J, Zang Y, Chen GR, Field RA, James TD, Li J, He XP. Fluorescence imaging of a potential diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer cells using a peptide-functionalized fluorogenic 2D material. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13235-13238. [PMID: 31621698 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06399d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein C receptor (PROCR) is a recently discovered transmembrane biomarker for several tissue stem cells and is highly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patient-derived xenografts. Herein, to enrich the toolbox for the biochemical evaluation of PROCR, we have developed a peptide-functionalized fluorogenic 2D material based on the self-assembly between a fluorescent peptide probe and thin-layer molybdenum disulfide. The material developed was suitable for the sensitive detection of PROCR recombinant protein in buffer solution and the fluorescence imaging of TNBC cells that express high levels of PROCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tao Dou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai 200237, China. and National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Rd, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai 200237, China. and National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Rd, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Zang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Rd, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Guo-Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Rd, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wangpaiboon K, Pitakchatwong C, Panpetch P, Charoenwongpaiboon T, Field RA, Pichyangkura R. Modified properties of alternan polymers arising from deletion of SH3-like motifs in Leuconostoc citreum ABK-1 alternansucrase. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 220:103-109. [PMID: 31196527 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alternansucrase (ALT, EC 2.4.1.140) catalyses the formation of an alternating 〈-1, 3/1, 6-linked glucan, with periodic branch points, from sucrose substrate. Beyond the catalytic domain, this enzyme harbours seven additional C-terminal SH3-like repeats. We herein generated two truncated alternansucrases, possessing deletions of three and seven adjacent SH3 motifs, giving Δ3SHALT and Δ7SHALT. Δ3SHALT and Δ7SHALT exhibited kcat/Km for transglycosylation activity 2.3- and 1.5-fold lower than wild-type ALT (WTALT), while hydrolysis was detected only in the truncated ALTs, oligosaccharide patterns and polymer glycosidic linkage were similar to that of WTALT. The viscosities of ALT polymers increase by ˜100-fold at 15% (w/v), with gel-like states formed at 12.5, 15.0, and 20.0% (w/v) produced by polymer from WTALT, Δ3SHALT, and Δ7SHALT, respectively. The average nanoparticle sizes of Δ3SHALT and Δ7SHALT polymers were 80 nm, compared to 90 nm from WTALT. In conclusion, even relatively subtle differences in the structure of ALT-produced alternan give rise to profound impact on the glucan polymer physicochemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Pawinee Panpetch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Stephenson MJ, Field RA, Osbourn A. The protosteryl and dammarenyl cation dichotomy in polycyclic triterpene biosynthesis revisited: has this 'rule' finally been broken? Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1044-1052. [PMID: 30783639 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00096d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 1948 up to the end of 2018. The triterpene alcohols represent an important and diverse class of natural products. This diversity is believed to originate from the differential enzymatically controlled cyclisation of 2,3-oxidosqualene. It is now a well-established presumption that all naturally occurring tetra- and penta-cyclic triterpene alcohols can be rationalised by the resolution of one of two intermediary tetracyclic cations, termed the protosteryl and dammarenyl cations. Here, a discussion of typical key triterpene structures and their proposed derivation from either of these progenitors is followed by comparison with a recently reported novel pentacyclic triterpene orysatinol which appears to correspond to an unprecedented divergence from this dichotomous protosteryl/dammarenyl view of triterpene biogenesis. Not only does this discovery widen the potential scope of triterpene scaffolds that could exist in nature, it could call into question the reliability of stereochemical assignments of some existing triterpene structures that are supported by only limited spectroscopic evidence. The discovery of orysatinol provides direct experimental evidence to support considering more flexibility in the stereochemical interpretation of the biogenic isoprene rule.
Collapse
|