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Grammatopoulos DK, Li W, Young LS, Anderson NR. UK diagnostics in the era of 'permacrisis': is it fit for purpose and able to respond to the challenges ahead? Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:e225-e226. [PMID: 37189255 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris K Grammatopoulos
- Warwick Medical School and Health Global Research Priorities (GRP), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, Pathology, UHCW NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Weizi Li
- Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Lawrence S Young
- Warwick Medical School and Health Global Research Priorities (GRP), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Neil R Anderson
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, Pathology, UHCW NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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Grammatopoulos DK, Young L, Anderson NR. Transforming the UK's diagnostics agenda after COVID-19. Lancet 2022; 399:1606. [PMID: 35461555 PMCID: PMC9022999 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris K Grammatopoulos
- Warwick Medical School and Global Research Priority in Health, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Coventry and Warwickshire Pathology Services, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK.
| | - Lawrence Young
- Warwick Medical School and Global Research Priority in Health, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Neil R Anderson
- Coventry and Warwickshire Pathology Services, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
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Georgiou PG, Guy CS, Hasan M, Ahmad A, Richards SJ, Baker AN, Thakkar NV, Walker M, Pandey S, Anderson NR, Grammatopoulos D, Gibson MI. Plasmonic Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with Polymer-Stabilized Glycosylated Gold Nanorods. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:317-322. [PMID: 35575357 PMCID: PMC8928465 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The COVID-19 pandemic
has highlighted the need for innovative biosensing,
diagnostic, and surveillance platforms. Here we report that glycosylated,
polymer-stabilized, gold nanorods can bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
and show correlation to the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in primary COVID-19
clinical samples. Telechelic polymers were prepared by reversible
addition–fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, enabling
the capture of 2,3-sialyllactose and immobilization onto gold nanorods.
Control experiments with a panel of lectins and a galactosamine-terminated
polymer confirmed the selective binding. The glycosylated rods were
shown to give dose-dependent responses against recombinant truncated
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and the responses were further correlated
using primary patient swab samples. The essentiality of the anisotropic
particles for reducing the background interference is demonstrated.
This highlights the utility of polymer tethering of glycans for plasmonic
biosensors of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Collette S. Guy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Alexander N. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Neer V. Thakkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Sarojini Pandey
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX, U.K
| | - Neil R. Anderson
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX, U.K
| | - Dimitris Grammatopoulos
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX, U.K
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
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Baker AN, Richards SJ, Pandey S, Guy CS, Ahmad A, Hasan M, Biggs CI, Georgiou PG, Zwetsloot AJ, Straube A, Dedola S, Field RA, Anderson NR, Walker M, Grammatopoulos D, Gibson MI. Glycan-Based Flow-Through Device for the Detection of SARS-COV-2. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3696-3705. [PMID: 34634204 PMCID: PMC8525701 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, and future pandemics, require diagnostic tools to track disease spread and guide the isolation of (a)symptomatic individuals. Lateral-flow diagnostics (LFDs) are rapid and of lower cost than molecular (genetic) tests, with current LFDs using antibodies as their recognition units. Herein, we develop a prototype flow-through device (related, but distinct to LFDs), utilizing N-acetyl neuraminic acid-functionalized, polymer-coated, gold nanoparticles as the detection/capture unit for SARS-COV-2, by targeting the sialic acid-binding site of the spike protein. The prototype device can give rapid results, with higher viral loads being faster than lower viral loads. The prototype's effectiveness is demonstrated using spike protein, lentiviral models, and a panel of heat-inactivated primary patient nasal swabs. The device was also shown to retain detection capability toward recombinant spike proteins from several variants (mutants) of concern. This study provides the proof of principle that glyco-lateral-flow devices could be developed to be used in the tracking monitoring of infectious agents, to complement, or as alternatives to antibody-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarojini Pandey
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational
Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS
Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX,
U.K.
| | - Collette S. Guy
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick Medical School, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick Medical School, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Caroline I. Biggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | | | - Anne Straube
- Warwick Medical School, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Simone Dedola
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd., Norwich
Research Park, Norwich NR4 7GJ, U.K.
| | - Robert A. Field
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd., Norwich
Research Park, Norwich NR4 7GJ, U.K.
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of
Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN,
U.K.
| | - Neil R. Anderson
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational
Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS
Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX,
U.K.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Dimitris Grammatopoulos
- Warwick Medical School, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational
Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS
Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX,
U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick Medical School, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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Potočnik K, Anderson NR, Born M, Kleinmann M, Nikolaou I. Paving the way for research in recruitment and selection: recent developments, challenges and future opportunities. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2021.1904898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marise Born
- School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Kleinmann
- Department of Psychology, Work and Organisational Psychology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Nikolaou
- Department of Management Science and Technology, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece
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Woods SA, Ahmed S, Nikolaou I, Costa AC, Anderson NR. Personnel selection in the digital age: a review of validity and applicant reactions, and future research challenges. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2019.1681401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Ahmed
- Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Ioannis Nikolaou
- Department of Management Science & Technology, Athens University of Economics & Business, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Neil R. Anderson
- Bradford School of Management, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Livesey KL, Ruta S, Anderson NR, Baldomir D, Chantrell RW, Serantes D. Beyond the blocking model to fit nanoparticle ZFC/FC magnetisation curves. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11166. [PMID: 30042438 PMCID: PMC6057925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider the probability of a magnetic nanoparticle to flip its magnetisation near the blocking temperature, and use this to develop quasi-analytic expressions for the zero-field-cooled and field-cooled magnetisation, which go beyond the usual critical energy barrier approach to the superparamagnetic transition. The particles in the assembly are assumed to have random alignment of easy axes, and to not interact. We consider all particles to be of the same size and then extend the theory to treat polydisperse systems of particles. In particular, we find that the mode blocking temperature is at a lower temperature than the peak in the zero-field-cooled magnetisation versus temperature curve, in agreement with experiment and previous rate-equation simulations, but in contrast to the assumption many researchers use to analyse experimental data. We show that the quasi-analytic expressions agree with Monte Carlo simulation results but have the advantage of being very quick to use to fit data. We also give an example of fitting experimental data and extracting the anisotropy energy density K.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Livesey
- UCCS Biofrontiers Center and Department of Physics and Energy Science, University of Colorado - Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA.
| | - S Ruta
- Department of Physics, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - N R Anderson
- UCCS Biofrontiers Center and Department of Physics and Energy Science, University of Colorado - Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA
| | - D Baldomir
- Applied Physics Department and Instituto de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Campus Vida s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R W Chantrell
- Department of Physics, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - D Serantes
- Department of Physics, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- Applied Physics Department and Instituto de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Campus Vida s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Abstract
Reagent method sheets for analysis of common serum analytes often highlight the possibility of interference from lipaemia but the information given is often brief and may not be instrument-specific. Thus study assesses the degree of interference from lipaemia in a range of common serum analytes on the Bayer Opera (with a serum blank) using a commercial polymer, LipoClear, as a lipid-clearing agent. Serum samples (mean serum triglyceride 6.89 [range 0.58-28.4] mmol/L) are analysed for 14 common chemistry analytes and the results compared before and after treatment with LipoClear. Results showed no significant critical differences in analyte values before and after treatment, except for an expected fall in total protein, phosphate, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Most of the common analytes in use on the Bayer Opera are not subject to interference from lipaemia; however, we recommend that where method sheets indicate interference from lipaemia then this should be quantified for the analyte in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Anderson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton WV10 OQP, UK.
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Silva MC, Peduzzi M, Sangaleti CT, Silva DD, Agreli HF, West MA, Anderson NR. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the teamwork climate scale. Rev Saude Publica 2016; 50:52. [PMID: 27556966 PMCID: PMC4988801 DOI: 10.1590/s1518-8787.2016050006484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To adapt and validate the Team Climate Inventory scale, of teamwork climate measurement, for the Portuguese language, in the context of primary health care in Brazil. METHODS Methodological study with quantitative approach of cross-cultural adaptation (translation, back-translation, synthesis, expert committee, and pretest) and validation with 497 employees from 72 teams of the Family Health Strategy in the city of Campinas, SP, Southeastern Brazil. We verified reliability by the Cronbach's alpha, construct validity by the confirmatory factor analysis with SmartPLS software, and correlation by the job satisfaction scale. RESULTS We problematized the overlap of items 9, 11, and 12 of the "participation in the team" factor and the "team goals" factor regarding its definition. The validation showed no overlapping of items and the reliability ranged from 0.92 to 0.93. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated suitability of the proposed model with distribution of the 38 items in the four factors. The correlation between teamwork climate and job satisfaction was significant. CONCLUSIONS The version of the scale in Brazilian Portuguese was validated and can be used in the context of primary health care in the Country, constituting an adequate tool for the assessment and diagnosis of teamwork. OBJETIVO Adaptar e validar a escala Team Climate Invetory, de medida do clima de trabalho em equipe, para o idioma português, no contexto da atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. MÉTODOS Estudo metodológico com abordagem quantitativa de adaptação transcultural (tradução, retrotradução, síntese, comitê de especialistas e pré-teste) e validação com 497 trabalhadores de 72 equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família no município de Campinas, São Paulo. Verificou-se confiabilidade pelo alfa de Cronbach, validade de construto pela análise fatorial confirmatória pelo software SmartPLS e correlação com escala de satisfação no trabalho. RESULTADOS Foi problematizado a sobreposição dos itens 9, 11 e 12 do fator participação na equipe e o fator objetivos da equipe no tocante à sua definição. A validação mostrou que não houve sobreposição dos itens e a confiabilidade variou entre 0,92 a 0,93. A análise fatorial confirmatória indicou adequação do modelo proposto com distribuição dos 38 itens nos quatro fatores. A correlação entre clima de trabalho em equipe e satisfação no trabalho foi significativa. CONCLUSÕES A versão da escala em português falado no Brasil foi validada e pode ser utilizada no contexto da atenção primária à saúde no País, constituindo ferramenta adequada para a avaliação e diagnóstico do trabalho em equipe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Peduzzi
- Departamento de Orientação Profissional. Escola de Enfermagem. Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Dirceu da Silva
- Departamento Educação. Faculdade de Educação. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Heloise Fernandes Agreli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerenciamento em Enfermagem. Escola de Enfermagem. Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Michael A West
- Centre for Performance Led HR. Management School. Lancaster University. Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Neil R Anderson
- Brunel Business School. Brunel University. London, United Kingdom
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Woods SA, Anderson NR. Toward a periodic table of personality: Mapping personality scales between the five-factor model and the circumplex model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 101:582-604. [PMID: 26653532 DOI: 10.1037/apl0000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examine the structures of 10 personality inventories (PIs) widely used for personnel assessment by mapping the scales of PIs to the lexical Big Five circumplex model resulting in a Periodic Table of Personality. Correlations between 273 scales from 10 internationally popular PIs with independent markers of the lexical Big Five are reported, based on data from samples in 2 countries (United Kingdom, N = 286; United States, N = 1,046), permitting us to map these scales onto the Abridged Big Five Dimensional Circumplex model (Hofstee, de Raad, & Goldberg, 1992). Emerging from our findings we propose a common facet framework derived from the scales of the PIs in our study. These results provide important insights into the literature on criterion-related validity of personality traits, and enable researchers and practitioners to understand how different PI scales converge and diverge and how compound PI scales may be constructed or replicated. Implications for research and practice are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Woods
- People and Organizations Department, Surrey Business School, University of Surrey
| | - Neil R Anderson
- Work and Organization Research Centre, Brunel Business School, Brunel University
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Pasche JS, Mallik I, Anderson NR, Gudmestad NC. Development and Validation of a Real-Time PCR Assay for the Quantification of Verticillium dahliae in Potato. Plant Dis 2013; 97:608-618. [PMID: 30722203 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-12-0554-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the stringency for higher quality potato tubers and restrictions on the use of soil fumigants, among other factors, has garnered renewed interest in Verticillium wilt, particularly in russet-skinned cultivars grown for processing. In response to the needs of producers, breeders have increased efforts in the development of potato cultivars with resistance to Verticillium dahliae Kleb., the primary cause of Verticillium wilt. These efforts have resulted in the release of numerous russet-skinned cultivars with purported resistance to the pathogen. However, because efficient and effective methods to screen germplasm for true resistance do not exist, breeders typically have reported resistance based on the development of wilt symptoms alone. The studies reported here demonstrate the efficiency and practicality of a QPCR method for quantification of V. dahliae in potato stem tissue. This method, developed to detect the target trypsin protease gene of the pathogen, was compared with traditional methods for V. dahliae quantification which involve plating stem tissue or sap onto semi-selective media, as well as to a recently developed QPCR assay which amplifies a region of the β-tubulin gene of V. dahliae. The QPCR assay developed in the studies reported here was demonstrated to be sensitive to 0.25 pg of DNA. Use of the duplex real-time PCR assay, utilizing the potato actin gene to normalize quantification, resulted in clearer differentiation of levels of resistance among eight russet-skinned potato cultivars inoculated in greenhouse trials when compared with traditional plating assays. However, relative levels of resistance among cultivars were similar between traditional plating and QPCR methods, resulting in correlation coefficients greater than 0.93. The assay described here also detected the pathogen in inoculated stem tissue at higher frequencies than both traditional plating assays and a previously developed QPCR assay. The QPCR assay developed here demonstrates rapid, efficient, and accurate quantification of V. dahliae, providing a tool amenable for use by breeding programs on large numbers of clones and selections, and will aid researchers evaluating other control strategies for Verticillium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Pasche
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
| | - I Mallik
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
| | - N R Anderson
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - N C Gudmestad
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University
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Anderson NR, Blakely T, Brunner P, Krusienski DJ, Moran DW, Leuthardt EC. High-frequency spectral changes in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex for potential neuoroprosthetics. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013; 2013:2247-2250. [PMID: 24110171 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6609984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) has been associated with goal encoding in primates. Thus far, the majority of research involving DLPFC, including all electrophysiology studies, has been performed in non-human primates. In this paper, we explore the possibility of utilizing the cortical activity in DLPFC in humans for use in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). Electrocorticographic signals were recorded from seven patients with intractable epilepsy who had electrode coverage over DLPFC. These subjects performed a visuomotor target-based task to assess DLPFC's involvement in planning, execution, and accomplishment of the simple motor task. These findings demonstrate that there is a distinct high-frequency spectral component in DLPFC associated with accomplishment of the task. It is envisioned that these signals could potentially provide a novel verification of task accomplishment for a BCI.
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Silvester J, Anderson-Gough FM, Anderson NR, Mohamed AR. Locus of control, attributions and impression management in the selection interview. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 2010. [DOI: 10.1348/096317902167649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Silvester J, Anderson NR, Patterson F. Organizational culture change: An inter-group attributional analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 2010. [DOI: 10.1348/096317999166464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Breshears J, Sharma M, Anderson NR, Rashid S, Leuthardt EC. Electrocorticographic frequency alteration mapping of speech cortex during an awake craniotomy: case report. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2009; 88:11-5. [PMID: 19940544 DOI: 10.1159/000260074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traditional electrocortical stimulation (ECS) mapping is limited by the lengthy serial investigation (one location at a time) and the risk of afterdischarges in localizing eloquent cortex. Electrocorticographic frequency alteration mapping (EFAM) allows the parallel investigation of many cortical sites in much less time and with no risk of afterdischarges because of its passive nature. We examined its use with ECS in the context of language mapping during an awake craniotomy for a tumor resection. CLINICAL PRESENTATION The patient was a 61-year-old right-handed Caucasian male who presented with headache and mild aphasia. Imaging demonstrated a 3-cm cystic mass in the posterior temporal-parietal lobe. The patient underwent an awake craniotomy for the mapping of his speech cortex and resection of the mass. INTERVENTION Using a 32-contact electrode array, electrocorticographic signals were recorded from the exposed cortex as the patient participated in a 3-min screening task involving active (patient naming visually presented words) and rest (patient silent) conditions. A spectral comparison of the 2 conditions revealed specific cortical locations associated with activation during speech. The patient was then widely mapped using ECS. Three of 4 sites identified by ECS were also identified passively and in parallel by EFAM, 2 with statistical significance and the third by qualitative inspection. CONCLUSION EFAM was technically achieved in an awake craniotomy patient and had good concordance with ECS mapping. Because it poses no risk of afterdischarges and offers substantial time savings, EFAM holds promise for future development as an adjunct intraoperative mapping tool. Additionally, the cortical signals obtained by this modality can be utilized for localization in the presence of a tumor adjacent to the eloquent regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Breshears
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Motzi JJ, Anderson NR. The Quantitative Evaluation of a Granulation Milling Process II. Effect of Ouput Screen Size, Mill Speed and Impeller Shape. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639048409040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Motzi JJ, Anderson NR. The Quantitative Evaluation of a Granulation Milling Process I. Algebraic Method for Particle Size Analysis. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639048409064647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Anderson NR, Cunningham-Snell NA, Haigh J. Induction Training as Socialization: Current Practice and Attitudes to Evaluation in British Organizations. International Journal of Selection and Assessment 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2389.1996.tb00052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schalk G, Miller KJ, Anderson NR, Wilson JA, Smyth MD, Ojemann JG, Moran DW, Wolpaw JR, Leuthardt EC. Two-dimensional movement control using electrocorticographic signals in humans. J Neural Eng 2008; 5:75-84. [PMID: 18310813 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/5/1/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We show here that a brain-computer interface (BCI) using electrocorticographic activity (ECoG) and imagined or overt motor tasks enables humans to control a computer cursor in two dimensions. Over a brief training period of 12-36 min, each of five human subjects acquired substantial control of particular ECoG features recorded from several locations over the same hemisphere, and achieved average success rates of 53-73% in a two-dimensional four-target center-out task in which chance accuracy was 25%. Our results support the expectation that ECoG-based BCIs can combine high performance with technical and clinical practicality, and also indicate promising directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schalk
- BCI R&D Progr, Wadsworth Ctr, NYS Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
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21
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Schalk G, Kubánek J, Miller KJ, Anderson NR, Leuthardt EC, Ojemann JG, Limbrick D, Moran D, Gerhardt LA, Wolpaw JR. Decoding two-dimensional movement trajectories using electrocorticographic signals in humans. J Neural Eng 2007; 4:264-75. [PMID: 17873429 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/4/3/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Signals from the brain could provide a non-muscular communication and control system, a brain-computer interface (BCI), for people who are severely paralyzed. A common BCI research strategy begins by decoding kinematic parameters from brain signals recorded during actual arm movement. It has been assumed that these parameters can be derived accurately only from signals recorded by intracortical microelectrodes, but the long-term stability of such electrodes is uncertain. The present study disproves this widespread assumption by showing in humans that kinematic parameters can also be decoded from signals recorded by subdural electrodes on the cortical surface (ECoG) with an accuracy comparable to that achieved in monkey studies using intracortical microelectrodes. A new ECoG feature labeled the local motor potential (LMP) provided the most information about movement. Furthermore, features displayed cosine tuning that has previously been described only for signals recorded within the brain. These results suggest that ECoG could be a more stable and less invasive alternative to intracortical electrodes for BCI systems, and could also prove useful in studies of motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schalk
- BCI R&D Progr, Wadsworth Ctr, NYS Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
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Elfatih A, Anderson NR, Fahie-Wilson MN, Gama R. Pseudo-pseudohypercalcaemia, apparent primary hyperparathyroidism and Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia. J Clin Pathol 2007; 60:436-7. [PMID: 17405982 PMCID: PMC2001100 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.036756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
An apparent primary hyperparathyroidism was reported due to pseudo-pseudohypercalcaemia in a 74-year-old man with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia. It is important to recognise artificially elevated serum calcium levels so as to avoid erroneous diagnosis, unnecessary investigations and potentially inappropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elfatih
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Leytonstone, London, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) plays a vital role in vascular homeostasis and in the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease. Its metabolites, nitrite and nitrate, have vasculoprotective properties, whereas peroxynitrite, an oxidant metabolite of NO, is cytotoxic and can aggravate myocardial damage during ischaemic reperfusion injury. Peroxynitrite nitrates free and protein bound tyrosine residues to produce nitrotyrosine. The measurement of nitrotyrosine provides an indirect estimation of plasma peroxynitrite concentrations. AIMS To measure plasma nitrotyrosine concentrations to see whether peroxynitrite could contribute to myocardial dysfunction during myocardial ischaemia induced by an exercise tolerance test (ETT). MATERIALS/METHODS Plasma free nitrotyrosine concentrations were compared before and after exercise in 29 subjects with a positive ETT and 34 subjects with a negative ETT. RESULTS Plasma nitrotyrosine concentrations were similar in patients with exercise induced myocardial ischaemia and controls. CONCLUSION Peroxynitrite does not contribute to the myocardial dysfunction in reversible myocardial ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elfatih
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, West Midlands WV10 0QP, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serum prolactin concentrations have been reported as higher, similar or lower in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with control subjects. We investigated whether low biological activity macroprolactin (a prolactin antibody complex), which is detected variably in different prolactin immunoassays, could account for the discrepant total prolactin results reported in RA. METHODS We compared serum total prolactin and free prolactin in 60 women with RA and 31 female controls. RESULTS No subject had hyperprolactinaemia or macroprolactinaemia. Serum concentrations of total and free (monomeric) prolactin were higher (P<0.05) in women with RA [mean (s.d.), 225.6 (104.6) and 201.6 (95.4) mU/l respectively] compared with controls [175.0 (68.5) and 154.0 (60.9) mU/l respectively]. CONCLUSIONS We report higher serum free prolactin concentrations in women with RA compared with control subjects. This result indicates that the higher serum total prolactin levels in patients with RA are the consequence of increased free prolactin concentrations and are not due to macroprolactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ram
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, West Midlands. WV10 0QP, UK
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Anderson NR, Chatha K, Holland MR, Gama R. Interference caused by the contents of serum separator tubes in the Vitros CRP assay. Ann Clin Biochem 2004; 41:171-2. [PMID: 15025814 DOI: 10.1258/000456304322880131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Ram S, Acharya S, Fernando JJR, Anderson NR, Gama R. Serum prolactin in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Lab 2004; 50:617-20. [PMID: 15481638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have higher serum prolactin compared to healthy controls but this is controversial. As part of a laboratory audit investigating the interference of macroprolactin in our prolactin assay, we investigated whether low biological activity macroprolactin could account for the increased serum prolactin concentrations observed in HIV infection. We, therefore, compared serum total prolactin and free prolactin in 32 subjects infected with HIV (HIV+ve) with 52 subjects not infected with HIV (HIV-ve). Serum total prolactin concentrations were similar in HIV+ve and HIV-ve patients [median (95% confidence limits); 167.0 (122.4 - 313.8) vs 206.5 (187.8 - 248.4) mU/L respectively]. Serum free prolactin concentrations were lower (p <0.005) in HIV+ve subjects than in HIV-ve subjects [112.0 (91.1-141.8) vs 171.0 (154.5 - 200.9) mU/L respectively; p<0.0005]. These results are consistent with the notion that low biological activity macroprolactin contributes to circulating prolactin concentrations in HIV+ve subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ram
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, UK
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Elfatih A, Anderson NR, Mansoor S, Ahmed S, Horton R, Holland M, Gama R. An investigation of nitric oxide metabolites during symptomatic myocardial ischaemia in relation to exercise tolerance test. Med Sci Monit 2003; 9:CR511-4. [PMID: 14646972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease (CHD). Low plasma concentrations of NO metabolites (nitrite and nitrate), the stable oxidation products of NO have been reported in patients with CHD but this is controversial. Plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations during symptomatic myocardial ischaemia and in response to exercise in subjects with CHD have not been studied. We therefore measured plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations in subjects before and after an exercise tolerance test (ETT). MATERIAL/METHODS Plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations were measured before and after an ETT in 24 subjects with symptomatic exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia (positive ETT) and in 27 subjects without exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia (negative ETT). RESULTS Plasma nitrate concentrations were higher (p<0.002) before and after the ETT in subjects with a positive ETT (31.51+/-21.80 mol/L and 30.86+/-21.42 mol/L respectively) than in the subjects with a negative ETT (14.75+/-6.71 mol/L and 15.64+/-6.50 mol/L respectively). Plasma nitrite concentrations before and after the ETT were similar in both groups. Within each group, plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations were not altered by exercise. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia have higher plasma nitrate concentration than subjects without exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia. This is consistent with either a compensatory or an inflammatory response of the vascular endothelium to endothelial damage. Symptomatic exercise-induced ischaemia is not associated with altered plasma NO metabolite concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubaker Elfatih
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Anderson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton WV10 0QP, West Midlands, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether increased protease activity explains the increased in vitro degradation of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) observed in serum when compared to EDTA plasma. METHODS Pre-dialysis blood samples for iPTH were taken from 11 patients with chronic renal failure and collected into plain glass tubes, tubes containing 200 KIU/mL aprotinin (a protease inhibitor) and EDTA tubes. All sample aliquots were separated at 20 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h and 24 h post collection. RESULTS Over 24 h, iPTH concentrations remained unchanged in EDTA tubes. iPTH concentrations were significantly lower in both plain tubes (P < 0.01) and aprotinin tubes (P < 0.001) at 24 h when compared to the baseline sample (20 min). At 24 h, iPTH concentrations in EDTA tubes were higher than in plain tubes (P < 0.001) and aprotinin tubes (P < 0.01). The addition of aprotinin to plain tubes significantly reduced the degradation of iPTH (P < 0.05) at 24 h. CONCLUSION Aprotinin significantly reduces the in vitro degradation of iPTH in plain tubes at 24 h from 24.7% to 9.6%. We suggest that increased protease activity contributes to the decline in serum iPTH over time. As this is observed in serum and not plasma it suggests that the increased protease activity may be due to the clotting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Anderson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, WV10 0PQ, UK.
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Gama R, Elfatih AB, Anderson NR. Ethnic differences in total and HDL cholesterol concentrations: Caucasians compared with predominantly Punjabi Sikh Indo-Asians. Ann Clin Biochem 2002; 39:609-11. [PMID: 12564846 DOI: 10.1177/000456320203900612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In comparison with Caucasians, Indo-Asians resident in the UK have similar total cholesterol but lower HDL cholesterol (HDLC) concentrations. It is however possible that cardiovascular risk factors may vary between culturally different Indo-Asians. METHODS We present data on 223 Indo-Asians (129 men, 94 women) and 787 Caucasians (421 men, 366 women) in whom a laboratory-based coronary heart disease (CHD) risk score calculation had been requested. RESULTS Total cholesterol concentrations were similar in Indo-Asians and Caucasians. HDLC concentrations were higher (P < 0.001) in Caucasians [1.4 (1.3-1.4) mmol/L; median (95% confidence intervals)] than in Indo-Asians [1.2 (1.2-1.3) mmol/L]. Indo-Asian women [1.2 (1.2-1.3) mmol/L], Indo-Asian men [1.2 (1.2-1.3) mmol/L] and Caucasian men [1.2 (1.2-1.3) mmol/L] had similar HDLC concentrations but these were all lower (P < 0.001) than those in Caucasian women [1.4 (1.3-1.4) mmol/L]. CONCLUSION We confirm low HDLC concentrations in Indo-Asians, but propose that this is solely due to low HDLC concentrations in Indo-Asian women. Since Indo-Asians in Wolverhampton are predominantly Punjabi Sikhs, we suggest that the difference between this study and previous reports may be due to heterogeneity of CHD risk factors within culturally diverse Indo-Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton West Midlands WV10 0QP, UK.
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Waldron JS, Baoku Y, Hartland AJ, Anderson NR, Horton R, Gama R. Urine microalbumin excretion in relation to exercise-induced electrocardiographic myocardial ischaemia. Med Sci Monit 2002; 8:CR725-7. [PMID: 12444374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalbuminuria, a marker of endothelial cell dysfunction, is associated with atherosclerosis and is a predictor of coronary heart disease. It has been suggested that patients with coronary heart disease have exaggerated exercise-induced urinary microalbumin excretion but this is controversial. We, therefore, measured urine microalbumin excretion in men before and after an exercise electrocardiogram. MATERIAL/METHODS Urine microalbumin excretion expressed as the albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) was measured before and after an exercise electrocardiogram in 10 subjects with exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia and 14 subjects without exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia. RESULTS In subjects with a positive exercise electrocardiogram, the pre-exercise electrocardiogram ACR 3.3 +/- 5.50; (mean+/-SD) significantly increased (p=0.0371) following exercise (6.30 +/-10.25). In subjects with a negative exercise electrocardiogram, the pre-exercise electrocardiogram ACR (0.73 +/-0.52) also significantly increased (p=0.0295) following exercise (2.04 +/-1.81). Pre-exercise ACR was higher (p=0.0164) in subjects with a positive exercise electrocardiogram (3.3 +/-5.50) than in those subjects with a negative exercise electrocardiogram (0.73 +/-0.52). Incremental and post-exercise ACR were not significantly different in those with normal and abnormal exercise electrocardiograms. CONCLUSIONS Patients with exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia have pre-exercise urine microalbumin excretion. Exaggerated urine microalbumin excretion in response to exercise is not associated with exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian S Waldron
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, UK
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Elfatih A, Chatha K, Anderson NR, Gama R. Limited clinical utility of high-sensitivity plasma C-reactive protein assays. Ann Clin Biochem 2002; 39:536-7. [PMID: 12296309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in UK resident Indo-Asians is unexplained by the traditional cardiovascular risk factors of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking and diabetes mellitus. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of CHD but the data on ethnic variation in CRP is conflicting. We therefore investigated whether CRP could help explain the increased prevalence of CHD in Indo-Asians. DESIGN AND METHODS We measured CRP, using a highly sensitive assay, in 102 men (63 Caucasians and 39 Indo-Asians) and 89 women (58 Caucasians and 31 Indo-Asians). All subjects, aged between 40 and 70 years, were nondiabetic and nonsmokers. RESULTS Serum CRP correlated (P < 0.05) positively with coronary risk. Serum HDL cholesterol concentrations were lower (P<0.05) in Indo-Asian women when compared with Caucasian women, but otherwise the ethnic groups were matched for calculated coronary risk and cardiovascular risk factors. Serum CRP concentrations were similar in Indo-Asians (women 2.29 (1.52) mg/l [mean (SD)]; men 1.77 (1.46) mg/l) and Caucasians (women 2.23 (1.54) mg/l; men 1.94 (1.45) mg/l). CONCLUSIONS Altered CRP concentrations does not appear to be implicated in the increased prevalence of CHD in UK resident Indo-Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chatha
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, UK
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35
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Rabindranath KS, Anderson NR, Gama R, Holland MR. Comparative evaluation of the new Sheffield table and the modified joint British societies coronary risk prediction chart against a laboratory based risk score calculation. Postgrad Med J 2002; 78:269-72. [PMID: 12151567 PMCID: PMC1742347 DOI: 10.1136/pmj.78.919.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of borderline hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia is based on an individual's coronary heart disease (CHD) risk rather than arbitrary values for blood pressure or serum cholesterol. Prediction of CHD risk involves using tables, charts, or computer programs based on the Framingham equations. The new Sheffield table and modified joint British societies coronary risk prediction (JBS) chart are widely used. The JBS chart approximates age and systolic blood pressure, and the new Sheffield table dichotomises blood pressure, and these simplifications may lead to diagnostic inaccuracy. METHODS The diagnostic performance of the charts against an individualised laboratory based CHD risk calculation in 1102 subjects in primary care were evaluated and compared. RESULTS The new Sheffield table and modified JBS chart performed equally well with a respective diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 91.6% (95% confidence interval 86.7% to 95.1%) and 93.8% (91.1% to 97.9%), and 93.6% (90.4% to 96.0%) and 94.7% (92.6% to 96.1%) at 10 year CHD risk of 15%; and of 95.2% (82.8% to 99.4%) and 97.9% (96.8% to 98.7%), and 90.5% (75.6% to 97.4%) and 100% (99.7% to 100%) at 10 year CHD risk of 30%. The modified JBS chart graphic display provides graded risk, which may be an advantage over the new Sheffield table, which identifies thresholds of risk. The new Sheffield table, unlike any other method, can be used as screening tool for cholesterol measurement. CONCLUSIONS The new Sheffield table and modified JBS chart are valid for use in primary care since their diagnostic accuracy is unaffected by approximations in age and blood pressure. It is suggested that practitioners should choose whichever risk assessment tool they are comfortable with and use it.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Rabindranath
- Department of Medicine, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, UK
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Abstract
We describe a case of lead poisoning due to herbal remedies, presenting with an acute abdomen, raised porphyrins and increased liver enzyme activities. We suggest that lead poisoning should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the 'acute abdomen', and that the presence of liver dysfunction points to the possibility of Asian herbal remedies as the source of the lead poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Anderson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK.
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Anderson NR, Gama R. Stability of intact parathyroid hormone in blood samples. Ann Clin Biochem 2001; 38:288-9. [PMID: 11392510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Abstract
The diagnosis of hypoglycaemia depends upon the demonstration of a low blood glucose concentration during a spontaneous symptomatic episode. Glucose monitoring devices may misdiagnose many healthy individuals with nonspecific symptoms as having hypoglycaemia. We present three illustrative cases of 'glucose meter non-hypoglycaemia'.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamrpton, West Midlands, UK.
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39
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Lokich JJ, Sonneborn H, Anderson NR, Bern MM, Coco FV, Dow E, Oliynyk P. Combined paclitaxel, cisplatin, and etoposide for patients with previously untreated esophageal and gastroesophageal carcinomas. Cancer 1999; 85:2347-51. [PMID: 10357404 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990601)85:11<2347::aid-cncr8>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclitaxel (T), etoposide (E), and cisplatin (P) are each active in gastric carcinoma, either as single agents or as part of a multidrug regimen. To the authors' knowledge, the combination of these three agents in the treatment of patients with esophageal or gastroesophageal carcinoma has not been previously studied. METHODS Previously untreated patients with locally advanced carcinoma of the stomach, esophagus, or gastroesophageal (GE) junction received at least 2 cycles of TPE administered twice weekly for 3 weeks, with the cycle repeated every 28 days. Drug doses, administered over 3 hours on either Monday and Thursday or Tuesday and Friday, consisted of T 50 mg/m2/dose, P 15 mg/m2/dose, and E 40 mg/m2/dose. For patients with local disease only, subsequent therapy consisted of radiation with or without surgical resection. RESULTS Twenty-five patients with gastric (10) or gastroesophageal or GE junction (15) carcinoma were treated. Eighteen had locally advanced disease and 7 had liver metastases at presentation. Hematologic toxicity, namely, Grade 3 anemia and neutropenia, was experienced by all patients. The median number of treatment cycles was 4 (range, 2-6). Three patients were not evaluable for response. All 22 evaluable patients responded; 3 were complete responders and 19 were partial responders. Eleven patients received radiation therapy with (6) or without (5) concomitant 5-fluorouracil, and 8 patients subsequently underwent surgical resection. Three of 8 patients had no tumor at surgery, 4 had minimal microscopic tumor at the primary site, and 3 had microscopic lymph node involvement. Twenty-three patients are alive, of whom 14 are without evidence of disease. Two patients with metastatic disease at presentation died at 9 and 29 months, respectively. The median survival was 12.5 months (range, 6 to 30+ months). CONCLUSIONS Multifractionated TPE chemotherapy is a highly active regimen in gastric and gastroesophageal carcinoma. It could be evaluated in Phase III trials against other active regimens for the treatment of patients with this disease. The introduction of 5-fluorouracil could also be an interesting direction to explore because of its primary role in the treatment of patients with gastric and esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lokich
- The Cancer Center of Boston, Massachusetts 02120, USA
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40
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The costs of infusion versus bolus administration of chemotherapy has been a point of controversy as has been the method of quantitating the cost. The present study analyzes the reimbursement for chemotherapy administration by infusion compared with bolus delivery based on reimbursement and relates this to cost based on projected charges and actual charges in a private practice setting. METHODS Actual reimbursement records were retrieved for selected patients receiving infusion or bolus administration of specific chemotherapy regimens for three tumors: colon carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and lymphoma. All services were included except for radiology and hospitalization. Medicare reimbursement represented 90% of the treatment cycles analyzed. RESULTS Actual reimbursement per month for each infusion regimen was as follows: colon carcinoma, $528 (5-fluorouracil [5-FU]); breast carcinoma, $621 (doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide [AC]) and $685 (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil [CMF]); and lymphoma, $603 (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone [CHOP]). Actual reimbursement per month for a bolus regimen was colon carcinoma, $393 (5-FU + leucovorin); breast carcinoma, $991 (AC) or $453 (CMF); and lymphoma, $749 (CHOP). Actual reimbursement represents 21-36% of actual charges. Projected charges based on the model system are generally less than the actual charges. CONCLUSIONS The cost of chemotherapy as defined by reimbursement are substantially less than actual charges and are also less than projected costs based on charges. Data comparing bolus versus infusion reimbursement costs for colon carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and lymphoma indicate that differences between reimbursement for bolus and infusion administration are not substantial.
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MESH Headings
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/economics
- Antidotes/administration & dosage
- Antidotes/economics
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/economics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/economics
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/economics
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Costs and Cost Analysis
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Cyclophosphamide/economics
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/economics
- Fees, Pharmaceutical
- Female
- Fluorouracil/administration & dosage
- Fluorouracil/economics
- Humans
- Infusions, Intravenous/economics
- Injections, Intravenous/economics
- Leucovorin/administration & dosage
- Leucovorin/economics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Medicare/economics
- Methotrexate/administration & dosage
- Methotrexate/economics
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Prednisone/economics
- Private Practice/economics
- Reimbursement Mechanisms
- United States
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
- Vincristine/economics
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Lokich JJ, Moore CL, Anderson NR. Comparison of costs for infusion versus bolus chemotherapy administration: analysis of five standard chemotherapy regimens in three common tumors--Part one. Model projections for cost based on charges. Cancer 1996; 78:294-9. [PMID: 8674006 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19960715)78:2<294::aid-cncr16>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cost of infusional administration of cancer chemotherapy has been assumed to be more expensive than the traditional bolus schedule related to the use of durable medical equipment and other components of the delivery system. The objective was to develop a model of projected charges as a basis for the cost estimate for selected common chemotherapy regimens comparing the cost based on charges for bolus and infusional chemotherapy schedules. METHODS Chemotherapy programs using either bolus or infusional delivery were selected representing standard or commonplace regimens for the treatment of patients with breast cancer (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil [CMF] or CA); colon cancer (5-fluorouracil[5-FU] infusion vs. 5-FU bolus + leucovorin [LCVI] or lymphoma (cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, Oncovin (vincristine), prednisone [CHOP] or CDE [cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide]). Cost projections were estimated based on charges and were calculated in a model system using six charge (cost) centers including medical doctor [MD] and/or clinic visit; laboratory; drug cost based on average wholesale price (AWP); cost of disposables; and pump rental fee. Standard dosages were applied for each regimen using total mg/M2 for a 1.5 M2 person. RESULTS Projected charges or chemotherapy for colon cancer (5-FU infusion vs. 5-FU + LCV) are variable depending on the LCV dose and the infusion duration. The longer infusion duration or higher doses of LCV result in a 40 to 50% increment in monthly charges excluding cost related to toxicity. For breast cancer, the charges for bolus or infusion administration CMF are similar, but for CA bolus charges are higher than infusion charges related to higher drug doses. For lymphoma, CHOP chemotherapy dosage costs are approximately half of those for CDE infusion related to the specific drug regimen and drug dosage used. CONCLUSIONS The perception that infusional delivery of chemotherapeutic agents adds to the cost of cancer care is appropriate for some regimens but the absolute amount of cost increment is generally modest. The principle cost differences between bolus and infusional schedules relate to drug dosage and the toxicity profile. Generally, but not consistently, infusional schedules use lesser doses and are associated with lesser toxicity. Although the benefit of infusional delivery of chemotherapy in terms of response rates and survival are comparable to bolus schedules for 5-FU infusion and 5-FU + LCV in colon cancer, this has not been established for the regimens analyzed for breast cancer (CMF, CA) or lymphoma (CDE, CHOP). The misperception of cost advantages for bolus delivery should not preclude comparative trials of bolus versus infusional chemotherapy schedules and cost should be studied prospectively in clinical trials comparing different schedules of administration in addition to studies of quality of life and toxicity.
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MESH Headings
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/economics
- Antidotes/administration & dosage
- Antidotes/economics
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/economics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/economics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/economics
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/economics
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Costs and Cost Analysis
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Cyclophosphamide/economics
- Disposable Equipment/economics
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/economics
- Drug Costs
- Etoposide/administration & dosage
- Etoposide/economics
- Fees, Medical
- Fees, Pharmaceutical
- Female
- Fluorouracil/administration & dosage
- Fluorouracil/economics
- Humans
- Infusions, Intravenous/economics
- Injections, Intravenous/economics
- Leucovorin/administration & dosage
- Leucovorin/economics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Methotrexate/administration & dosage
- Methotrexate/economics
- Models, Economic
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Prednisone/economics
- Survival Rate
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
- Vincristine/economics
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lokich
- Cancer Center of Boston, Massachusetts 02120, USA
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Lokich JJ, Zipoli TE, Anderson NR, Moore C, Gonzalves L, Bern MM, Coco F. Pilot study of ambulatory infusional ifosfamide admixed with carboplatin. Cancer 1993; 71:2072-5. [PMID: 8443756 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19930315)71:6<2072::aid-cncr2820710623>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ifosfamide and carboplatin are agents that have completed Phase I studies using a continuous infusion schedule for as long as 14 days. The in vitro compatibility of the two drugs allows for the simultaneous administration in an admixture, and a pilot study was undertaken to determine the feasibility and tolerability of the infusion schedule for the combination. METHODS Ifosfamide at 500 mg/M2/day and carboplatin at 15 or 20 mg/M2/day were administered for 14-day cycles repeated at 28 days in 29 patients, with a total of 60 courses administered. RESULTS Total cumulative dose per cycle was: ifosfamide 7.0 g/M2 and carboplatin 210-280 mg/M2. Hematuria developed in five patients, four of whom had prior urologic disease, severe thrombocytopenia, or pelvic radiation. In all patients, the hematuria was transient and inconsequential despite the absence of mesna. Grade 3 or 4 leukopenia was observed in eight patients with or without thrombocytopenia and delayed subsequent treatment cycles. Thrombocytopenia was less frequent (Grade 3, 2 patients: Grade 4, 1 patient). No significant episodes of sepsis or hemorrhage were noted. Anemia requiring transfusion developed in 12 of 29 patients. Twenty-one of the 29 patients had received prior chemotherapy. Five of seven previously untreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer achieved a complete (1) or partial (4) response. CONCLUSIONS A continuous 14-day infusion of ifosfamide admixed with carboplatin is feasible in an ambulatory setting with no need for adding mesna for urologic protection and full dosage administration for each agent. Phase 2 studies in non-small cell lung cancer would be reasonable at the optimal doses of ifosfamide 500 mg/M2/day and carboplatin 15 mg/M2/day, and the potential exists for the introduction of additional agents, such as etoposide.
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Abstract
Ifosfamide-associated central nervous system toxicity has been reported in 5% to 30% of patients treated with ifosfamide. Its pattern is characterized by metabolic encephalopathy with confusion, blurred vision, mutism, auditory or visual paranoid hallucinations, seizures, and rarely coma. The biochemical cause of the neurotoxicity is not understood completely, but it is thought to result from an accumulation of drug metabolites with direct central nervous system effects. A case of ifosfamide neurotoxicity is reported that had unusual extrapyramidal features in a patient treated with a 5-day course of infused ifosfamide. Although usually spontaneously reversible with cessation of drug administration, ifosfamide neurotoxicity occasionally has been associated with prolonged psychopathologic sequelae. Death from irreversible encephalopathy has also been reported rarely. The authors believe that classic extrapyramidal symptoms should be considered to be a part of the neurotoxic profile of ifosfamide.
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Bern MM, Wallach SR, Arkin CF, Lokich JJ, Huberman MS, Anderson NR, Corkery JC, Paul SD, Phillips DF, Sonneborn HA. Etoposide in combination with cytarabine, doxorubicin, and 6-thioguanine for treatment of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in a protocol adjusted for age. Cancer Treat Rep 1987; 71:201-3. [PMID: 3802115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Etoposide combined with cytarabine, doxorubicin, and 6-thioguanine was used to treat 34 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) in an age-adjusted protocol, with patients greater than 50 years old receiving fewer days of therapy. Complete remissions (CR) occurred in 85% of all patients (29 of 34 patients). Patients less than or equal to 50 years of age achieved a 94% CR rate (17 of 18 patients) compared to a 75% CR rate (12 of 16 patients) in older patients. Duration of remission was less for those greater than 50 years of age. The remission rate for primary ANLL was 86% (19 of 22 patients) and for secondary or relapsed ANLL was 83% (ten of 12 patients). Thus, this is effective therapy for primary and secondary or relapsed ANLL. When the days of therapy are reduced for older patients' age, the remissions are fewer and less durable.
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Peeples RE, Anderson NR. Microwave coupled plasma sterilization and depyrogenation II. Mechanisms of action. J Parenter Sci Technol 1985; 39:9-15. [PMID: 3973805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Preston WA, Anderson NR. Glass and rubber closure effects on the pH of water II. A proposed mechanism of interaction. J Parenter Sci Technol 1985; 39:28-47. [PMID: 3973802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Peeples RE, Anderson NR. Microwave coupled plasma sterilization and depyrogenation I. System characteristics. J Parenter Sci Technol 1985; 39:2-8. [PMID: 3973801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Preston WA, Anderson NR. An introduction to phenol formaldehyde resin vulcanizing agents. J Parenter Sci Technol 1984; 38:237-45. [PMID: 6527206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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