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Russell SJ, Beck RW, Damiano ER, El-Khatib FH, Ruedy KJ, Balliro CA, Li Z, Calhoun P, Wadwa RP, Buckingham B, Zhou K, Daniels M, Raskin P, White PC, Lynch J, Pettus J, Hirsch IB, Goland R, Buse JB, Kruger D, Mauras N, Muir A, McGill JB, Cogen F, Weissberg-Benchell J, Sherwood JS, Castellanos LE, Hillard MA, Tuffaha M, Putman MS, Sands MY, Forlenza G, Slover R, Messer LH, Cobry E, Shah VN, Polsky S, Lal R, Ekhlaspour L, Hughes MS, Basina M, Hatipoglu B, Olansky L, Bhangoo A, Forghani N, Kashmiri H, Sutton F, Choudhary A, Penn J, Jafri R, Rayas M, Escaname E, Kerr C, Favela-Prezas R, Boeder S, Trikudanathan S, Williams KM, Leibel N, Kirkman MS, Bergamo K, Klein KR, Dostou JM, Machineni S, Young LA, Diner JC, Bhan A, Jones JK, Benson M, Bird K, Englert K, Permuy J, Cossen K, Felner E, Salam M, Silverstein JM, Adamson S, Cedeno A, Meighan S, Dauber A. Multicenter, Randomized Trial of a Bionic Pancreas in Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:1161-1172. [PMID: 36170500 PMCID: PMC10028490 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2205225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently available semiautomated insulin-delivery systems require individualized insulin regimens for the initialization of therapy and meal doses based on carbohydrate counting for routine operation. In contrast, the bionic pancreas is initialized only on the basis of body weight, makes all dose decisions and delivers insulin autonomously, and uses meal announcements without carbohydrate counting. METHODS In this 13-week, multicenter, randomized trial, we randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio persons at least 6 years of age with type 1 diabetes either to receive bionic pancreas treatment with insulin aspart or insulin lispro or to receive standard care (defined as any insulin-delivery method with unblinded, real-time continuous glucose monitoring). The primary outcome was the glycated hemoglobin level at 13 weeks. The key secondary outcome was the percentage of time that the glucose level as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring was below 54 mg per deciliter; the prespecified noninferiority limit for this outcome was 1 percentage point. Safety was also assessed. RESULTS A total of 219 participants 6 to 79 years of age were assigned to the bionic-pancreas group, and 107 to the standard-care group. The glycated hemoglobin level decreased from 7.9% to 7.3% in the bionic-pancreas group and did not change (was at 7.7% at both time points) in the standard-care group (mean adjusted difference at 13 weeks, -0.5 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.6 to -0.3; P<0.001). The percentage of time that the glucose level as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring was below 54 mg per deciliter did not differ significantly between the two groups (13-week adjusted difference, 0.0 percentage points; 95% CI, -0.1 to 0.04; P<0.001 for noninferiority). The rate of severe hypoglycemia was 17.7 events per 100 participant-years in the bionic-pancreas group and 10.8 events per 100 participant-years in the standard-care group (P = 0.39). No episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS In this 13-week, randomized trial involving adults and children with type 1 diabetes, use of a bionic pancreas was associated with a greater reduction than standard care in the glycated hemoglobin level. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04200313.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Russell
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Roy W Beck
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Edward R Damiano
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Firas H El-Khatib
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Katrina J Ruedy
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Courtney A Balliro
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Zoey Li
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Peter Calhoun
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - R Paul Wadwa
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Bruce Buckingham
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Keren Zhou
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Mark Daniels
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Philip Raskin
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Perrin C White
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Jane Lynch
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Jeremy Pettus
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Irl B Hirsch
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Robin Goland
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - John B Buse
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Davida Kruger
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Nelly Mauras
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Andrew Muir
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Janet B McGill
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Fran Cogen
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Jill Weissberg-Benchell
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Jordan S Sherwood
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Luz E Castellanos
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Mallory A Hillard
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Marwa Tuffaha
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Melissa S Putman
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Mollie Y Sands
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Gregory Forlenza
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Robert Slover
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Laurel H Messer
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Erin Cobry
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Viral N Shah
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Sarit Polsky
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Rayhan Lal
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Laya Ekhlaspour
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Michael S Hughes
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Marina Basina
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Betul Hatipoglu
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Leann Olansky
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Amrit Bhangoo
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Nikta Forghani
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Himala Kashmiri
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Francoise Sutton
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Abha Choudhary
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Jimmy Penn
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Rabab Jafri
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Maria Rayas
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Elia Escaname
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Catherine Kerr
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Ruby Favela-Prezas
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Schafer Boeder
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Subbulaxmi Trikudanathan
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Kristen M Williams
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Natasha Leibel
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - M Sue Kirkman
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Kate Bergamo
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Klara R Klein
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Jean M Dostou
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Sriram Machineni
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Laura A Young
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Jamie C Diner
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Arti Bhan
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - J Kimberly Jones
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Matthew Benson
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Keisha Bird
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Kimberly Englert
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Joe Permuy
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Kristina Cossen
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Eric Felner
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Maamoun Salam
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Julie M Silverstein
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Samantha Adamson
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Andrea Cedeno
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Seema Meighan
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
| | - Andrew Dauber
- The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.)
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