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Brohman I, Blank G, Mitchell H, Dubé E, Bettinger JA. Opportunities for HPV vaccine education in school-based immunization programs in British Columbia, Canada: A qualitative study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2326779. [PMID: 38517252 PMCID: PMC10962613 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2326779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of school-based immunization programs (SBIPs) in Canada, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake remains suboptimal. Vaccine education may improve vaccine uptake among adolescents. The objective of this qualitative study was to identify opportunities for HPV vaccine education in British Columbia, Canada, by exploring the perspectives of students, parents, school staff, and public health nurses on the current SBIP. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with adult participants and focus groups were conducted with grade 6 students between November 2019 and May 2020. The interviews and focus groups were transcribed and then analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Opportunities for HPV vaccine education were identified in three themes: 1) making SBIPs student-centered; 2) adopting a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach to vaccine education; and 3) actualizing parent education opportunities. Broad support existed for a formal, collaborative HPV grade 6 vaccine curriculum delivered by teachers and public health nurses to provide evidence-based health information. Participants voiced that the curriculum should integrate students' perspectives on topics of interest and address needle associated pain and anxiety. Parents were identified as the primary vaccine decisionmakers, therefore, participants stated it was crucial to also provide parent-directed vaccine education as part of SBIP. Our findings support the development of a collaborative HPV vaccine curriculum directed to and informed by students and parents to buttress current SBIPs in British Columbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Brohman
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Blank
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hana Mitchell
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eve Dubé
- Department of Anthropology, Laval University, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Julie A. Bettinger
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Andersson Nystedt T, Herder T, Agardh A, Asamoah BO. No evidence, no problem? A critical interpretive synthesis of the vulnerabilities to and experiences of sexual violence among young migrants in Europe. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2340114. [PMID: 38651216 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2340114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence indicates that young migrants are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence, however most research has focused on instances of sexual violence occurring in conflict zones and during transit. Much less attention has been given to the vulnerabilities to and experiences of sexual violence among young migrants in Europe. OBJECTIVES To understand the scientific evidence regarding the experiences of and vulnerabilities to sexual violence among young migrants (aged 11-30 years) in Europe. METHODS A search of three databases resulted in 1279 peer reviewed articles published between 2002 and 2022. Of these, 11 were included in this review. A critical interpretive synthesis methodology was applied. RESULTS Few studies investigate sexual violence among young migrants in Europe. The existing studies focus on very specific sub-groups of migrants, and as such, experiences of persons outside these groups are largely absent from the academic discourse. How sexual violence is understood varies across studies, often conflated with other forms of violence, hampering comparisons. However, the results of this review indicate that young migrants in Europe, both male and female, experience sexual violence and there are multiple sources of vulnerabilities at all levels of the socioecological model. CONCLUSION The scarcity of research regarding sexual violence among young migrants in Europe could give rise to the perception that no evidence means no problem, resulting in a continued lack of attention to this issue. There is a critical need to address this gap to inform prevention interventions, to identify victims, and to facilitate access to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Andersson Nystedt
- Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tobias Herder
- Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anette Agardh
- Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Benedict Oppong Asamoah
- Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Spurr S, Burles M, Hyslop S, Bally J, Bullin C, Froehlich Chow A, Tootoosis H, Oosman S. Preventing type 2 diabetes among Indigenous youth: A systematic review of community-based interventions. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2320449. [PMID: 38412067 PMCID: PMC10901188 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2320449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A systematic review was conducted to assess evidence on effectiveness of community-based interventions promoting wellbeing and prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Indigenous youth. A convergent, segregated, mixed methods approach was used, with six databases and four grey literature sites searched from inception to May 2022. Articles selected for inclusion were about community-based interventions related to T2D prevention with Indigenous youth that evaluated effectiveness or youth experience published in English. Reference lists were also searched for relevant sources. Seven quantitative research articles met the inclusion and quality assessment criteria. No qualitative articles were identified. The results were synthesised through narrative analysis, while meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogenous study designs. Common foci across interventions included promoting physical wellness, improving physical activity and healthy eating patterns, enhancing knowledge, and psychosocial wellness. Interventions deemed effective addressed multiple areas, were school-based, and operated for at least a year. Findings support multi-strategy, community-based interventions implemented over longer periods of time. However, gaps in research and reporting included the extent to which interventions are culturally informed and based on community-driven priorities. Future research should include Indigenous, mixed and qualitative methods and Indigenous-driven measures of success to better understand effectiveness in alignment with Indigenous worldviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Meridith Burles
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shannon Hyslop
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Carol Bullin
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Amanda Froehlich Chow
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Helen Tootoosis
- Indigenous Liaison Advisor for Saskatchewan, Statistics Canada, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sarah Oosman
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Clevenger KA, McKee KL, McNarry MA, Mackintosh KA, Berrigan D. Association of Recess Provision With Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in a Representative Sample of 6- to 11-Year-Old Children in the United States. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024; 36:83-90. [PMID: 37758264 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2023-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the association between the amount of recess provision and children's accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) levels. METHODS Parents/guardians of 6- to 11-year-olds (n = 451) in the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey reported recess provision, categorized as low (10-15 min; 31.9%), medium (16-30 min; 48.0%), or high (>30 min; 20.1%). Children wore a wrist-worn accelerometer for 7 days to estimate time spent sedentary, in light PA, and in moderate to vigorous PA using 2 different cut points for either activity counts or raw acceleration. Outcomes were compared between levels of recess provision while adjusting for covariates and the survey's multistage, probability sampling design. RESULTS Children with high recess provision spent less time sedentary, irrespective of type of day (week vs weekend) and engaged in more light or moderate to vigorous PA on weekdays than those with low recess provision. The magnitude and statistical significance of effects differed based on the cut points used to classify PA (eg, 4.7 vs 11.9 additional min·d-1 of moderate to vigorous PA). CONCLUSIONS Providing children with >30 minutes of daily recess, which exceeds current recommendations of ≥20 minutes, is associated with more favorable PA levels and not just on school days. Identifying the optimal method for analyzing wrist-worn accelerometer data could clarify the magnitude of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Clevenger
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT,USA
| | - Katherine L McKee
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT,USA
| | - Melitta A McNarry
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea,United Kingdom
| | - Kelly A Mackintosh
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea,United Kingdom
| | - David Berrigan
- Health Behaviors Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,USA
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Abstract
In pediatric settings, the concept of hope is frequently positioned as a fundamental aspect of care and at odds with the possibility and proximity of death. This arguably fosters silence about death and dying in childhood despite evidence indicating the benefits of open communication at the end of life. In this paper, we describe the unspeakable nature of death and dying in childhood, including its conceptual and clinical causes and dimensions, its persistence, and the associated challenges for children and youth facing critical illnesses, their families, and society. We explore how the tension between hope and death can be reframed and apply our analysis to the context of medical assistance in dying for mature minors in Canada. Considering the lack of related literature, this paper offers initial reflections to form a framework for the unspeakable nature of death and dying in childhood and to advance the crucial need for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Campbell
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fiona J. Moola
- School of Early Childhood Studies, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Gibson
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy Petch
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Data Science and Digital Health, Hamilton Health Science Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Avram Denburg
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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King CA, Gipson Allen PY, Ahamed SI, Webb M, Casper TC, Brent D, Grupp-Phelan J, Rogers TA, Arango A, Al-Dajani N, McGuire TC, Bagge CL. 24-Hour warning signs for adolescent suicide attempts. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1272-1283. [PMID: 37947215 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about when youth may be at greatest risk for attempting suicide, which is critically important information for the parents, caregivers, and professionals who care for youth at risk. This study used adolescent and parent reports, and a case-crossover, within-subject design to identify 24-hour warning signs (WS) for suicide attempts. METHODS Adolescents (N = 1094, ages 13 to 18) with one or more suicide risk factors were enrolled and invited to complete bi-weekly, 8-10 item text message surveys for 18 months. Adolescents who reported a suicide attempt (survey item) were invited to participate in an interview regarding their thoughts, feelings/emotions, and behaviors/events during the 24-hours prior to their attempt (case period) and a prior 24-hour period (control period). Their parents participated in an interview regarding the adolescents' behaviors/events during these same periods. Adolescent or adolescent and parent interviews were completed for 105 adolescents (81.9% female; 66.7% White, 19.0% Black, 14.3% other). RESULTS Both parent and adolescent reports of suicidal communications and withdrawal from social and other activities differentiated case and control periods. Adolescent reports also identified feelings (self-hate, emotional pain, rush of feelings, lower levels of rage toward others), cognitions (suicidal rumination, perceived burdensomeness, anger/hostility), and serious conflict with parents as WS in multi-variable models. CONCLUSIONS This study identified 24-hour WS in the domains of cognitions, feelings, and behaviors/events, providing an evidence base for the dissemination of information about signs of proximal risk for adolescent suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Polly Y Gipson Allen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Michael Webb
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - T Charles Casper
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Grupp-Phelan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - T Alexander Rogers
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alejandra Arango
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nadia Al-Dajani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Taylor C McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Courtney L Bagge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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7
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Jong A, Odoi CM, Lau J, J.Hollocks M. Loneliness in Young People with ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:1063-1081. [PMID: 38400533 PMCID: PMC11016212 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241229096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Many studies focus on problematic peer functioning in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but loneliness has been studied less. This paper examined (1) The loneliness level differences between young people (below 25 years old) with ADHD and those without ADHD, and (2) The association between loneliness and mental health difficulties in young people with ADHD. Six electronic databases were searched and 20 studies were included. A random effects meta-analysis was carried out in RStudio using the metafor package for the first question, while a narrative synthesis summarized the findings for the second question. The meta-analysis (n = 15) found that young people with ADHD reported significantly higher loneliness than those without ADHD, with a small-to-medium weighted pool effect (Hedges' g = 0.41) and high heterogeneity (I2 = 75.1%). For the second question (n = 8), associations between loneliness and mental health difficulties in ADHD was found (r = 0.05-0.68). Targeted research and interventions on loneliness in young people with ADHD is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Jong
- King’s College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Clarissa Mary Odoi
- King’s College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Lau
- Queen Mary University of London Wolfson Institute of Population Health, London, UK
| | - Matthew J.Hollocks
- King’s College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
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Tebar WR, Rosa CC, Exupério IN, Pinheiro JL, Beretta VS, Akimoto AN, da Silva CCM, Ferrari G, Christofaro DGD. Relationship of household composition with sedentary behavior and eating habits of 102,072 adolescents: A representative sample of Brazil (PeNSE Study). Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:367-373. [PMID: 38294421 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The household composition is important for adolescents and understanding its relationship with their lifestyle habits is essential. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of household composition with sedentary behavior and eating habits of adolescents. METHODS This study analyzed data from the Brazilian National Scholar Health Survey-PeNSE 2015. The sample was composed by 102,072 adolescents (11-17 years). The independent variable of the study was the household composition (living with both parents versus living with only one parent or none of them), whereas outcome variables were eating habits and sedentary behavior patterns. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between variables. RESULTS Adolescents living with both parents were less likely to have high sedentary behavior (≥2 h OR = 0.89; ≥4 h OR = 0.86), eat while watching TV for ≥5 days/week (OR = 0.88), frequent fried foods (OR = 0.89), sweets (OR = 0.92), soft drinks (OR = 0.86) and ultra processed foods (OR = 0.97) consumption, as were more likely to have lunch with parents (OR = 1.87), frequent vegetables (OR = 1.12), beans (OR = 1.14) and fruits (OR = 1.11) consumption than those who live with one parent or none of them. CONCLUSION Households composed by both father and mother was associated with lower sedentary behavior and healthy eating habits in Brazilian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Tebar
- Centre of Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila C Rosa
- Departament Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Isabella N Exupério
- Departament Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Julia L Pinheiro
- Departament Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Victor S Beretta
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Amanda N Akimoto
- Departament Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Claudiele C M da Silva
- Department of Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Diego G D Christofaro
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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Duarte Junior MA, Gaya AR, Mello JB, Faigenbaum AD, García-Hermoso A, López-Gil JF. Meeting muscle-strengthening recommendation is associated with lower adiposity, higher physical fitness and healthier lifestyle in adolescents: The EHDLA study. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:1059-1067. [PMID: 38332548 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence of adolescents who meet muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) recommendation and their associations with anthropometric variables, physical fitness, and lifestyle behaviours in a sample of Spanish adolescents aged 12-17 years. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study using data from The Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) Study. Participants reported the days on which they engaged in MSA (≥3 days per week were considered to meet World Health Organization recommendation). Physical fitness was assessed with the ALPHA fitness battery. Additionally, body mass index, waist circumference, skinfolds and body fat percentage were assessed. Lifestyle variables were recreational screen time, sleep time and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The associations between MSA and outcome variables were tested with linear and logistic regressions. RESULTS Of the 852 participants, 48% met MSA recommendation. Meeting MSA recommendation was associated with lower adiposity and higher performance in the shuttle run test, maximal oxygen consumption, standing long jump, speed-agility, flexibility, lower screen time (in weekdays) and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet. CONCLUSION Engaging in MSA once or twice a week was linked with more desirable health outcomes than not engaging in such activities. However, meet with MSA recommendation (i.e., at least 3 days per week) reinforced these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angelo Duarte Junior
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- PROESP-Br Research Group, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Júlio Brugnara Mello
- EFiDac Research Group, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), University Hospital of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
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Bickle K, Cesaroni C. Canadian Youth Correctional Officers' Views on Their Work and Relationships With Youth in Their Care. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2024:306624X241246096. [PMID: 38646818 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x241246096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the personal perspectives of youth correctional officers within secure and open custody facilities in Ontario. A multi-methods design allowed for quantitative data collection to assess demographics and scores on a relationship scale and qualitative open-ended survey responses to explore areas of interest regarding officer work. Despite a small sample size (N = 26), results indicated trends in officers' views of their work and relationships with youth. Youth officers report various job duties ranging from supervision/security to cleaning and preparing meals. Results indicate differences in endorsement for relationship development with youth for those who see treatment as part of their role in rehabilitation and those who do not. This exploratory study provides a starting point for understanding the unique experiences and duties of youth correctional officers in Ontario, Canada, and their views on relationship development with youth. Future research will include in-person interviews, facilitating more rich data collection.
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11
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Carreiras D, Castilho P, Cunha M. Does self-compassion protect adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury from developing borderline features? A two-wave longitudinal study. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38638074 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2023.2289607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Adolescence is a vulnerable developmental stage for the onset of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and borderline features, which are related psychological phenomena. Self-compassion reflects a sensitivity to own suffering and a motivation to relieve it, consisting of a more positive and beneficial self-to-self relationship. The aim of the present study was to test the effect of self-compassion between borderline features at baseline and six months with a sample of adolescents with a history of NSSI.Methods: At assessment wave one, participants were 139 Portuguese adolescents with an NSSI history (mean age = 15.52 years, SD = 0.87). Of these, 87 were re-assessed six months later (mean age = 15.46 years, SD = 0.86). Data were analysed through SPSS and PROCESS Macro.Results: The moderation model explained 56% of borderline features six months later, and the interaction between initial borderline features and the low and medium levels of self-compassion was significant. Youth with lower initial borderline features presented higher borderline features six months later if they had low self-compassion.Conclusions: These findings suggest that among adolescents with a history of NSSI, those with lower levels of self-compassion tend to exhibit higher borderline features in six-month when compared to their peers with higher levels of self-compassion. This observation emphasises the potential beneficial effect of self-compassion within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Carreiras
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Castilho
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marina Cunha
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Fraley HE, Capp G. Past School Discipline Experiences: Perspectives of Disabled Adults. J Sch Health 2024. [PMID: 38632680 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School discipline has potential life-long consequences for students. Disabled youth can be misunderstood and experience harsh discipline and are at increased risk for negative outcomes, yet little research includes their voices. The aim of this study was to explore past school discipline experiences among disabled adults. METHODS Disabled adult perspectives (N = 9) regarding past school discipline experiences were explored employing qualitative descriptive methodology framed by the Peace and Power Conceptual Model. Peace-Power versus Power-Over-Powers involve actions/behaviors reflecting critical emancipation or oppression of those in power. RESULTS Eight peace-power versus power-over themes emerged: "humiliating," "threatening," "escaping," "observing," "avoiding," "diverging," "isolating," and "failing." IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY Disabled students can experience oppressive power-over dynamics separating them from others because they are unable to meet rigid classroom expectations. Educators may lack awareness of structural biases shaping reactions warranting need for school policies and practices promoting restorative justice, social-emotional learning, and inclusion. CONCLUSIONS Classroom discipline can represent emancipatory peace-power or oppressive power-over powers. Not all teacher interactions represent 1 power or the other. Future research should focus on including disabled student voices informing school discipline practices. Educators' perspectives of their role fostering inclusive classrooms should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordon Capp
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA
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Singh G, Hansen JP, Hulgaard D, Damkjær M, Christiansen E. Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on self-poisoning behaviour with mild analgesics in Danish youth. Nord J Psychiatry 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38625374 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2024.2339433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the implementation of precautions to contain the disease, including lockdowns and social isolation. Previous studies have investigated suicide rates among children and adolescents during the pandemic and have found varying results. We speculated how the two lockdowns influenced suicidal behaviour in children and adolescents in Denmark. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide attempts, as measured by the incidence rate in all self-poisonings with mild analgesics among children and adolescents. METHODS This national Danish registry-based study on children and adolescents used Poisson regression and interrupted time series analysis to examine the incidence rates and trends of self-poisonings with mild analgesics from 2019 to mid-2021. RESULTS For the period of this study, 1655 self-poisonings were registered. During the first lockdown, there was a slight, not statistically significant, decrease in self-poisoning rates (incidence rate ratio [IRR]) 0.98) compared to no lockdown. During the second lockdown, there was a significant increase in self-poisonings for the whole Danish population (IRR 1.85) with girls being slightly higher at risk (IRR 1.87). Being a girl or between the ages of 13-17 years old were risk factors for self-poisoning. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the restrictions enforced during the second lockdown greatly impacted youth mental health, especially girls, leading to an 85% increase in self-poisonings. We hope for increased awareness of mental health in children and adolescents during possible future lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurbhej Singh
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Pommer Hansen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ditte Hulgaard
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
- Research Unit Mental Health, Children and Adult, Aabenraa, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Damkjær
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Erik Christiansen
- Research Unit Mental Health, Children and Adult, Aabenraa, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre for Suicide Research, Odense, Denmark
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Bartsch DR, Cooke-O'Connor L, Connerty TJ, van Roekel H, Cammell P. Acceptability and feasibility of a short-term group therapy for people with borderline personality disorder symptoms. Australas Psychiatry 2024:10398562241246485. [PMID: 38621694 DOI: 10.1177/10398562241246485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the acceptance, feasibility and safety of a short-term group program for adults (18 years and older) and youth (16 to 18 years) with borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms. Termed Road Maps, the content and development were informed by common treatment factors identified from evidence-based therapies for BPD. METHOD Two-hundred and eight people consented to participate in the research trial and completed baseline measures. Intervention participants rated the acceptability and subjective experience of the group. Attrition rates informed feasibility, and serious adverse events were tracked to identify potential harms. RESULTS Participant post-group ratings of the group's acceptability and subjective experience were above average across both adult and youth populations. Attrition rate after commencement of group was 38% for adults and 27% among youth. The incidence rate of emergency department presentations was reduced by 41% in the 6 months post-group, relative to 6 months pre-group. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides preliminary support for the acceptability and feasibility of a short-term group therapy program for people with a diagnosis of BPD. Road Maps may be a useful intermediate intervention in a broader model of stepped care. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12622000849796.aspx, (ACTRN12622000849796).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianna R Bartsch
- Borderline Personality Disorder Collaborative, Barossa Hills Fleurieu Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Laura Cooke-O'Connor
- Borderline Personality Disorder Collaborative, Barossa Hills Fleurieu Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, USA
| | - Tracy J Connerty
- Borderline Personality Disorder Collaborative, Barossa Hills Fleurieu Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, USA
| | - Helen van Roekel
- Borderline Personality Disorder Collaborative, Barossa Hills Fleurieu Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, USA
| | - Paul Cammell
- Borderline Personality Disorder Collaborative, Barossa Hills Fleurieu Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, USA
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Zawistowska A. Abortion Attitudes Among Youth Before and After Abortion Ban in Poland. Contraception 2024:110464. [PMID: 38621484 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2024.110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare attitudes toward abortion among youth before and after the Polish Constitutional Tribunal introduced abortion ban in October 2020. STUDY DESIGN The study uses two nationally representative samples of final-year secondary school students conducted in Poland before (year 2018, N=1,609) and after the abortion ban (year 2021, N=1,513). RESULTS The support for abortion increased between 2018 and 2021 (OR=2.77 in foetus impairment case; OR=2.58 in women's health at risk case). The increase was stronger among females than males. CONCLUSIONS Youth accept abortion more in 2021. The increase may be linked to the Tribunal Court decision and youth involvement in massive demonstrations.
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Renick J, Turchi J. Power, Privilege, and Precarity: Attempts to Conduct Ethical Youth Participatory Action Research as Early Career Researchers. Health Educ Behav 2024:10901981241245058. [PMID: 38606966 DOI: 10.1177/10901981241245058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Though community-based participatory research (CBPR) boasts a robust history, challenges to conducting such work ethically and equitably remain. Common difficulties, such as addressing power dynamics and navigating mutuality, are heightened when doing participatory research with young people, specifically youth participatory action research (YPAR). Additional obstacles also emerge when engaging in such research as junior scholars, who lack tenure and occupy more precarious positions within academia. To elucidate these hurdles and illuminate the labor required to traverse them, we draw upon our experiences as early career academics facilitating YPAR projects with young people who have been historically marginalized. Employing an autoethnographic approach, we utilize qualitative data sources including field notes and reflective memos, from which three themes emerged after iterative rounds of reflection and review. Through descriptive vignettes, we unpack how we attended to positionality and power, interrogated shared benefit and mutuality, and engaged with the unique complexities of working with young people-as informed by our specific identities. In examining our experiences and their alignment with prior research, we aim to expand upon existing literature that has explored best practices within CBPR, but with a specific focus on youth-adult partnerships and consideration of the realities of junior scholars. It is our hope that this discussion will support early career researchers who wish to conduct YPAR but are unsure how to do so given their particular positionalities, by making visible the often-invisible work involved.
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Ledoux AA, Zemek R, Cairncross M, Silverberg N, Sicard V, Barrowman N, Goldfield G, Gray C, Harris AD, Jaworska N, Reed N, Saab BJ, Smith A, Walker L. Smartphone App-Delivered Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescents: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e57226. [PMID: 38602770 DOI: 10.2196/57226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concussion in children and adolescents is a significant public health concern, with 30% to 35% of patients at risk for prolonged emotional, cognitive, sleep, or physical symptoms. These symptoms negatively impact a child's quality of life while interfering with their participation in important neurodevelopmental activities such as schoolwork, socializing, and sports. Early psychological intervention following a concussion may improve the ability to regulate emotions and adapt to postinjury symptoms, resulting in the greater acceptance of change; reduced stress; and recovery of somatic, emotional, and cognitive symptoms. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of conducting a parallel-group (1:1) randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate a digital therapeutics (DTx) mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) in adolescents aged 12 to <18 years. The attention-matched comparator intervention (a math game also used in previous RCTs) will be delivered on the same DTx platform. Both groups will be provided with the standard of care guidelines. The secondary objective is to examine intervention trends for quality of life; resilience; self-efficacy; cognition such as attention, working memory, and executive functioning; symptom burden; and anxiety and depression scores at 4 weeks after concussion, which will inform a more definitive RCT. A subsample will be used to examine whether those randomized to the experimental intervention group have different brain-based imaging patterns compared with those randomized to the control group. METHODS This study is a double-blind Health Canada-regulated trial. A total of 70 participants will be enrolled within 7 days of concussion and randomly assigned to receive the 4-week DTx MBI (experimental group) or comparator intervention. Feasibility will be assessed based on the recruitment rate, treatment adherence to both interventions, and retention. All outcome measures will be evaluated before the intervention (within 7 days after injury) and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the injury. A subset of 60 participants will undergo magnetic resonance imaging within 72 hours and at 4 weeks after recruitment to identify the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the potential benefits from MBI training in adolescents following a concussion. RESULTS The recruitment began in October 2022, and the data collection is expected to be completed by September 2024. Data collection and management is still in progress; therefore, data analysis is yet to be conducted. CONCLUSIONS This trial will confirm the feasibility and resolve uncertainties to inform a future definitive multicenter efficacy RCT. If proven effective, a smartphone-based MBI has the potential to be an accessible and low-risk preventive treatment for youth at risk of experiencing prolonged postconcussion symptoms and complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05105802; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05105802. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/57226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Ledoux
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Molly Cairncross
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Noah Silverberg
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Rehabilitation Research Program, Centre for Aging SMART, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Veronik Sicard
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Barrowman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Clare Gray
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Natalia Jaworska
- Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nick Reed
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andra Smith
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Walker
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Wall H, Hansson H, Zetterlind U, Kvillemo P, Elgán TH. Effectiveness of a Web-Based Individual Coping and Alcohol Intervention Program for Children of Parents With Alcohol Use Problems: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e52118. [PMID: 38598286 DOI: 10.2196/52118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children whose parents have alcohol use problems are at an increased risk of several negative consequences, such as poor school performance, an earlier onset of substance use, and poor mental health. Many would benefit from support programs, but the figures reveal that only a small proportion is reached by existing support. Digital interventions can provide readily accessible support and potentially reach a large number of children. Research on digital interventions aimed at this target group is scarce. We have developed a novel digital therapist-assisted self-management intervention targeting adolescents whose parents had alcohol use problems. This program aims to strengthen coping behaviors, improve mental health, and decrease alcohol consumption in adolescents. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a novel web-based therapist-assisted self-management intervention for adolescents whose parents have alcohol use problems. METHODS Participants were recruited on the internet from social media and websites containing health-related information about adolescents. Possible participants were screened using the short version of the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test-6. Eligible participants were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (n=101) or the waitlist control group (n=103), and they were unblinded to the condition. The assessments, all self-assessed, consisted of a baseline and 2 follow-ups after 2 and 6 months. The primary outcome was the Coping With Parents Abuse Questionnaire (CPAQ), and secondary outcomes were the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C), and Ladder of Life (LoL). RESULTS For the primary outcome, CPAQ, a small but inconclusive treatment effect was observed (Cohen d=-0.05 at both follow-up time points). The intervention group scored 38% and 46% lower than the control group on the continuous part of the AUDIT-C at the 2- and 6-month follow-up, respectively. All other between-group comparisons were inconclusive at either follow-up time point. Adherence was low, as only 24% (24/101) of the participants in the intervention group completed the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The findings were inconclusive for the primary outcome but demonstrate that a digital therapist-assisted self-management intervention may contribute to a reduction in alcohol consumption. These results highlight the potential for digital interventions to reach a vulnerable, hard-to-reach group of adolescents but underscore the need to develop more engaging support interventions to increase adherence. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN41545712; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN41545712?q=ISRCTN41545712. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/1471-2458-12-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Wall
- Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Hansson
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulla Zetterlind
- Clinical Health Promotion Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia Kvillemo
- Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias H Elgán
- Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lukas L, Nuding L, Schulte-Körne G, Platt B, Sfärlea A. Seeing oneself as an unattractive loser: Similar interpretation and memory biases in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and adolescents with depression or anxiety. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2024. [PMID: 38594822 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by dysfunctional cognitive biases but these have rarely been investigated in adolescents with AN. The present study systematically assessed cognitive biases in adolescents with AN and addressed the questions of content-specificity (i.e., do biases occur only for eating disorder-related information?) and disorder-specificity (i.e., are biases unique to individuals with AN?). METHODS Cognitive biases on three information processing levels (attention, interpretation, memory) and for two types of information content (eating disorder-related, non-eating disorder-related) were assessed within a single experimental paradigm based on the Scrambled Sentences Task. 12-18-year-old adolescents with AN (n = 40) were compared to a healthy (HC; n = 40) and a clinical (girls with depression and/or anxiety disorders; CC; n = 34) control group. RESULTS Both clinical groups (AN and CC) showed pronounced negative interpretation and memory biases compared to the HC group, for both disorder-related and non-disorder-related information. Attention biases could not be analysed. CONCLUSION The results support the hypothesis that adolescents with AN show negative cognitive biases but these were not limited to disorder-related information. Adolescents with depression and/or anxiety disorders showed similar biases, suggesting them to be transdiagnostic phenomena. Important implications for cognitive-behavioural theories of AN, subsequent cognitive bias modification studies in AN, as well as clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Lukas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Nuding
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Belinda Platt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anca Sfärlea
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Fukuzawa F, Yanagita Y, Yokokawa D, Uchida S, Yamashita S, Li Y, Shikino K, Tsukamoto T, Noda K, Uehara T, Ikusaka M. Importance of Patient History in Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Medical Diagnosis: Comparison Study. JMIR Med Educ 2024; 10:e52674. [PMID: 38602313 PMCID: PMC11024399 DOI: 10.2196/52674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Medical history contributes approximately 80% to a diagnosis, although physical examinations and laboratory investigations increase a physician's confidence in the medical diagnosis. The concept of artificial intelligence (AI) was first proposed more than 70 years ago. Recently, its role in various fields of medicine has grown remarkably. However, no studies have evaluated the importance of patient history in AI-assisted medical diagnosis. Objective This study explored the contribution of patient history to AI-assisted medical diagnoses and assessed the accuracy of ChatGPT in reaching a clinical diagnosis based on the medical history provided. Methods Using clinical vignettes of 30 cases identified in The BMJ, we evaluated the accuracy of diagnoses generated by ChatGPT. We compared the diagnoses made by ChatGPT based solely on medical history with the correct diagnoses. We also compared the diagnoses made by ChatGPT after incorporating additional physical examination findings and laboratory data alongside history with the correct diagnoses. Results ChatGPT accurately diagnosed 76.6% (23/30) of the cases with only the medical history, consistent with previous research targeting physicians. We also found that this rate was 93.3% (28/30) when additional information was included. Conclusions Although adding additional information improves diagnostic accuracy, patient history remains a significant factor in AI-assisted medical diagnosis. Thus, when using AI in medical diagnosis, it is crucial to include pertinent and correct patient histories for an accurate diagnosis. Our findings emphasize the continued significance of patient history in clinical diagnoses in this age and highlight the need for its integration into AI-assisted medical diagnosis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitoshi Fukuzawa
- Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yanagita
- Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Daiki Yokokawa
- Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Shun Uchida
- Uchida Internal Medicine Clinic, Saitama-shi, Japan
| | - Shiho Yamashita
- Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Yu Li
- Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Shikino
- Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tsukamoto
- Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Noda
- Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Takanori Uehara
- Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Masatomi Ikusaka
- Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba-shi, Japan
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Littman DM, Milligan T, Berry R, Holloway B, Scott ML. What do recently housed young people imagine for the future of third places? Using game-based inquiry to (re)imagine affirming, youth-centered third places. Am J Community Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38584524 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Third places-public and community settings like parks and libraries-are theorized to serve as sources of social connection, community, and play. Yet, young people who hold marginalized identities, such as those experiencing homelessness and housing instability, often endure discrimination in third place settings. This study used game-based inquiry to partner with recently housed young people who have experienced chronic housing instability (N = 21) to understand how they would (re)imagine future third places. We then analyzed transcripts from these game sessions through qualitative thematic analysis. Participants suggested that certain tenets must be present in third places: they must offer opportunities for agency and individualization; they must meet everyday needs; and they must be explicitly inclusive. To actualize these tenets, participants imagined places that meet many needs and do many things; portable and adaptable physical spaces; freedom to choose how to play; attending to and subverting oppressive social hierarchies; providing choice for privacy or connection; knowing people will be around; and free amenities. These findings have implications for theoretical development, practices in present and future third places, and methodological development of games in research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara Milligan
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Rebecca Berry
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Brendon Holloway
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Chung CF, Dugré JR, Potvin S. Dysconnectivity of the Nucleus Accumbens and Amygdala in Youths with Thought Problems: A Dimensional Approach. Brain Connect 2024. [PMID: 38526373 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Youths with thought problems (TP) are at risk to develop psychosis and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet, the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning TP are still unclear. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that striatal and limbic alterations are associated with psychosis-like and obsessive-like symptoms in individuals at clinical risk for psychosis, schizophrenia, and OCD. More specifically, nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and amygdala are mainly involved in these associations. The current study aims to investigate the neural correlates of TP in youth populations using a dimensional approach and explore potential cognitive functions and neurotransmitters associated with it. Methods: Seed-to-voxels functional connectivity analyses using NAcc and amygdala as regions-of-interest were conducted with resting-state fMRI data obtained from 1360 young individuals, and potential confounders related to TP such as anxiety and cognitive functions were included as covariates in multiple regression analyses. Replicability was tested in using an adult cohort. In addition, functional decoding and neurochemical correlation analyses were performed to identify the associated cognitive functions and neurotransmitters. Results: The altered functional connectivities between the right NAcc and posterior parahippocampal gyrus, between the right amygdala and lateral prefrontal cortex, and between the left amygdala and the secondary visual area were the best predictors of TP in multiple regression model. These functional connections are mainly involved in social cognition and reward processing. Conclusions: The results show that alterations in the functional connectivity of the NAcc and the amygdala in neural pathways involved in social cognition and reward processing are associated with severity of TP in youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fang Chung
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut, Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jules R Dugré
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut, Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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Gagnon MM, Brilz AR, Alberts NM, Gordon JL, Risling TL, Stinson JN. Understanding Adolescents' Experiences With Menstrual Pain to Inform the User-Centered Design of a Mindfulness-Based App: Mixed Methods Investigation Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2024; 7:e54658. [PMID: 38587886 DOI: 10.2196/54658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital interventions are increasingly popular for the provision of nonpharmacological pain interventions, but few exist for adolescents with menstrual pain. User-centered design involves incorporating users across phases of digital health intervention design, development, and implementation and leads to improved user engagement and outcomes. A needs assessment is the first step of this approach. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to conduct a needs assessment to understand menstrual pain management needs and preferences and mindfulness experiences, preferences, and knowledge of adolescents with menstrual pain to inform the future development of an app for managing menstrual pain. METHODS We used an explanatory sequential mixed method design that included a survey followed by focus groups. Adolescents aged 13-17 years completed a survey (n=111) and participated in focus groups (n=16). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis and synthesized to provide specific recommendations based on adolescent responses. RESULTS Adolescents (n=111) who completed the survey reported a moderate understanding of mindfulness and menstrual pain. Over three-quarters (n=87, 78%) of participants practiced some form of mindfulness and 87% (n=97) of survey participants used nonpharmacological pain management strategies. Teens had a moderate perception that mindfulness could help their menstrual pain (mean 4.51/10, SD 2.45, with higher scores suggesting more interest). Themes were generated related to mindfulness experiences, menstrual pain knowledge and experiences, and app functionality. These themes underscored adolescents' need for continued support and flexible access to mindfulness activities; their awareness of multiple influences to pain, with potential for further education in this area; and the need for menstrual pain-specific content, along with content relevant to typical day-to-day experiences of adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with menstrual pain have an interest in using a mindfulness app for pain but have unique needs that need to be addressed to ensure app engagement and relevance for this population. Concrete recommendations for future app development are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Gagnon
- Department of Psychology and Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Alexandra R Brilz
- Department of Psychology and Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Nicole M Alberts
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Jennifer N Stinson
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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McMurry AJ, Zipursky AR, Geva A, Olson KL, Jones JR, Ignatov V, Miller TA, Mandl KD. Moving Biosurveillance Beyond Coded Data Using AI for Symptom Detection From Physician Notes: Retrospective Cohort Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e53367. [PMID: 38573752 PMCID: PMC11027052 DOI: 10.2196/53367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-time surveillance of emerging infectious diseases necessitates a dynamically evolving, computable case definition, which frequently incorporates symptom-related criteria. For symptom detection, both population health monitoring platforms and research initiatives primarily depend on structured data extracted from electronic health records. OBJECTIVE This study sought to validate and test an artificial intelligence (AI)-based natural language processing (NLP) pipeline for detecting COVID-19 symptoms from physician notes in pediatric patients. We specifically study patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) who can be sentinel cases in an outbreak. METHODS Subjects in this retrospective cohort study are patients who are 21 years of age and younger, who presented to a pediatric ED at a large academic children's hospital between March 1, 2020, and May 31, 2022. The ED notes for all patients were processed with an NLP pipeline tuned to detect the mention of 11 COVID-19 symptoms based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. For a gold standard, 3 subject matter experts labeled 226 ED notes and had strong agreement (F1-score=0.986; positive predictive value [PPV]=0.972; and sensitivity=1.0). F1-score, PPV, and sensitivity were used to compare the performance of both NLP and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) coding to the gold standard chart review. As a formative use case, variations in symptom patterns were measured across SARS-CoV-2 variant eras. RESULTS There were 85,678 ED encounters during the study period, including 4% (n=3420) with patients with COVID-19. NLP was more accurate at identifying encounters with patients that had any of the COVID-19 symptoms (F1-score=0.796) than ICD-10 codes (F1-score =0.451). NLP accuracy was higher for positive symptoms (sensitivity=0.930) than ICD-10 (sensitivity=0.300). However, ICD-10 accuracy was higher for negative symptoms (specificity=0.994) than NLP (specificity=0.917). Congestion or runny nose showed the highest accuracy difference (NLP: F1-score=0.828 and ICD-10: F1-score=0.042). For encounters with patients with COVID-19, prevalence estimates of each NLP symptom differed across variant eras. Patients with COVID-19 were more likely to have each NLP symptom detected than patients without this disease. Effect sizes (odds ratios) varied across pandemic eras. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes the value of AI-based NLP as a highly effective tool for real-time COVID-19 symptom detection in pediatric patients, outperforming traditional ICD-10 methods. It also reveals the evolving nature of symptom prevalence across different virus variants, underscoring the need for dynamic, technology-driven approaches in infectious disease surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J McMurry
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amy R Zipursky
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alon Geva
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karen L Olson
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James R Jones
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vladimir Ignatov
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Timothy A Miller
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kenneth D Mandl
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Wong ML, Girdler S, Afsharnejad B, Ntoumanis N, Milbourn B, Kebble P, Morris S, Black MH. Motivation to participate in structured physical activity for autistic youth: A systematic scoping review. Autism 2024:13623613241240603. [PMID: 38576064 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241240603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autistic youth participate less in physical education classes and organised sport than their neurotypical peers. We conducted a review of existing studies to investigate what is known about what motivates (and does not motivate) autistic youth to take part in structured physical activities. We systematically searched electronic databases and found 18 publications that met the criteria to be included in this review. Data from these studies were extracted and mapped to the self-determination theory to identify factors that support (or undermine) motivation for autistic youth. We also discussed the findings with autistic individuals and other relevant stakeholders to discover how the review related to their experiences. Our results found competence (youth feeling competent in their athletic and social skills and abilities) to be the most reported psychological need impacting motivation for autistic youth. Intrinsic motivation (participating for enjoyment and satisfaction) was the most common facilitator of motivation. Autism-specific themes outside of the self-determination theory were mapped inductively, and we found that the sensory environment was a prominent theme reported to influence the motivation of autistic youth not covered by the self-determination theory. The findings of this review suggest that supporting the psychological needs of autistic youth can foster motivation to engage in physical activity, although how these needs are met can differ from their neurotypical peers. Future research should examine motivational factors that support engagement in structured physical activities through the lens of autistic youth and their experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Wong
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Sonya Girdler
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
- Centre of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute and Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bahareh Afsharnejad
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Danish Centre for Motivation and Behaviour Science, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ben Milbourn
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Paul Kebble
- Office of the Pro-Vice Chancellor, Health Sciences, Curitn University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Susan Morris
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Melissa H Black
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
- Centre of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute and Region Stockholm, Sweden
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Shner-Livne G, Buzzell GA, Fox NA, Shechner T. Induced error-related theta activity, not error-related negativity, predicts task performance as well as anxiety and worry during real-life stress in a youth sample. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14492. [PMID: 38073088 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study examined differences between induced error-related theta activity (4-7 Hz) and error-related negativity (ERN) in youth and their unique associations with task performance as well as anxiety and worry during real-life stress a year later. We hypothesized that induced theta, but not the ERN, would predict task performance. We also hypothesized that induced theta would predict less anxiety and worries during situational stress a year later, while ERN would predict more anxiety and worries. METHOD Participants included 76 children aged 8-13 years who completed a flanker task while electroencephalogram (EEG) and behavioral data (t0 ) were collected. Approximately 1 year later (t1 ), during the first COVID-19 lockdown, 40 families from the original sample completed a battery of online questionnaires to assess the children's stress-related symptoms (anxiety, negative emotions and worries). We employed an analytical method that allowed us to differentiate between induced error-related theta and the evoked ERN. RESULTS Induced error-related theta, but not ERN, was associated with behavioral changes during the task, such as post-error speeding. Furthermore, induced error-related theta, but not ERN, was prospectively associated with less anxiety, worries, and fewer negative emotions a year later during COVID-19 lockdown. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest ERN and error-related theta are dissociable processes reflecting error monitoring in youth. Specifically, induced error-related theta is more robustly associated with changes in behavior in the laboratory and with less anxiety and worries in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Shner-Livne
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - George A Buzzell
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Tomer Shechner
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Woods N, Seabrook JA, Schaafsma H, Burke S, Tucker T, Gilliland J. Dietary Changes of Youth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. J Nutr 2024; 154:1376-1403. [PMID: 38408731 PMCID: PMC11007747 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken the lives of millions and disrupted countless more worldwide. Simply living through the pandemic has had drastic effects on the health of citizens. Diet, an important aspect of health, has been uniquely affected by the pandemic, although these changes have not been sufficiently studied among youth. OBJECTIVES The objective of this systematic review was to investigate dietary changes of youth during COVID-19. METHODS A prespecified literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and CINAHL to identify studies from January 2020 to May 2023 that assessed dietary changes among youth aged ≤20 y compared with before the pandemic. Only quantitative observational studies that were published in English were included. Two authors completed all screening/study selection independently, with disagreements being resolved via discussion. Data extraction was completed by 1 author. Dietary changes were categorized into food groups and habits for analysis purposes. RESULTS In total, 67 studies met inclusion criteria. Most studies used recall to assess changes (48/67; 71.6%). Most studies found an increase in fruits and vegetables (24/46; 52.2%), grain products (6/11; 54.5%), meat, poultry, and eggs (4/8, 50.0%), diet quality indices and/or overall dietary assessments (7/13, 53.8%), and the frequency of snacking (9/12; 75.0%), whereas generally finding a decrease in ultraprocessed foods (32/53; 60.4%), compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic. Mixed findings or primarily no changes were found for fish and aquatic products, legumes, beans, seeds and nuts, milk and milk products, breakfast consumption, and nutrient intake. CONCLUSIONS Mostly favorable dietary changes appear to have occurred among youth during COVID-19, although there were several mixed findings and unclear takeaways among the foods and habits under study. The heterogeneity of defining food groups was a noted limitation in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Woods
- School of Health Studies, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jamie A Seabrook
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Holly Schaafsma
- School of Health Studies, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Shauna Burke
- School of Health Studies, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Trish Tucker
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; School of Occupational Therapy, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jason Gilliland
- School of Health Studies, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geography and Environment, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Khosla N. "It Seems Like a Bad Thing": US South Asian Youths' Perspectives About the Use of Hospice Care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2024; 41:383-390. [PMID: 37265240 DOI: 10.1177/10499091231180819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asians are one of the fastest growing populations in the US. Family based decision making is common among this population. Little is known about their knowledge and attitudes towards hospice use. OBJECTIVE This study explored US South Asian youths' knowledge of, and attitudes towards hospice care. DESIGN Qualitative study, using focus group discussions. METHODS Thirty-six university students of South Asian heritage participated in ten focus group discussions. Data were coded inductively and deductively. Thematic analysis was performed. Disagreements were resolved through discussion. RESULTS Participants were in consensus that if patients had an incurable, fatal condition, keeping them comfortable was important. Several participants were unaware of the terms 'hospice' and 'palliative care'. After these terms were explained, most opposed hospice care for reasons of 'desire for a normal life', 'cultural incompatibility', 'concerns about the hospice environment' and 'preference for home as the place of death'. Some were opposed to even home hospice fearing that it would continuously remind the family and patient about impending death. Concerns were also expressed about having a 'stranger' in the home to provide hospice care. One participant said she would support hospice use if it aligned with the patient's values. Others cited financial reasons and quality of life as considerations in choosing hospice care. CONCLUSIONS Research is needed on culturally-appropriate modes of palliative care education and advocacy for South Asian populations in the US, especially youth, that are often the decision makers for the care of older family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Khosla
- Department of Public Health, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
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Koponen AM, Gissler M, Nissinen NM, Autti-Rämö I, Kahila H, Sarkola T. Cumulative risk factors for injuries and poisoning requiring hospital care in youth with prenatal substance exposure: A longitudinal controlled cohort study. Nordisk Alkohol Nark 2024; 41:156-174. [PMID: 38645973 PMCID: PMC11027846 DOI: 10.1177/14550725231202074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate whether the youth with prenatal substance exposure (PSE) (aged 15-24 years, n = 615) had been in hospital care more often due to injuries and poisoning in comparison with unexposed matched controls (n = 1787). Methods: Data from medical records (exposure) and national health and social welfare registers (outcome and confounders) were combined and youths were monitored from birth until either outpatient or inpatient hospital care for injury or poisoning, death or the end of the study period (December 2016). Cox regression models were used in the analyses accounting for associated child and maternal risk factors. Results: Half (50.4%) of the exposed group and 40.6% of controls had been in hospital care due to injury or poisoning during the follow-up (p < 0.001). The difference between groups was diminished after controlling for postnatal child and maternal risk factors (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72-1.07, p > 0.05). Cumulative adversity, especially out-of-home care in combination with a diagnosed attention or behavioural dysregulation problem, posed the highest risk in both groups (exposed: HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.24-2.19, p < 0.001; controls: HR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.33-2.56, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Hospital care for injury and poisoning is more common in youth with PSE, but this is largely explained by the related postnatal child and maternal factors. Long-term support to families with maternal substance abuse problems could prevent injury and poisoning among youth with PSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Koponen
- Department of Public Health, and Social Psychology Unit, Folkhälsan Research Center, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Information Services Department, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ilona Autti-Rämö
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Kahila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taisto Sarkola
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
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Assari S, Najand B, Sheikhattari P. Household Income and Subsequent Youth Tobacco Initiation: Minorities' Diminished Returns. J Med Surg Public Health 2024; 2:100063. [PMID: 38425566 PMCID: PMC10900246 DOI: 10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Household income, a prominent socioeconomic status (SES) indicator, is known to mitigate youth engagement in various health risk behaviors, including tobacco use. Nevertheless, the Minorities' Diminished Returns theory suggests that this protective effect may be less pronounced for racial and ethnic minorities compared to majority groups. This study aimed to investigate the protective role of high household income against tobacco use among youth and explore potential variations across different racial and ethnic groups. Methods Conducted as a longitudinal analysis, this study utilized data from the initial three years of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study spanning 2016-2022. The cohort consisted of 11,875 American youth aged 9-10 years, tracked over a three-year period. The dependent variable was tobacco initiation, irrespective of the product, while household income served as the independent variable. Covariates included youth age, gender, family education, structure, and employment, with race/ethnicity acting as the moderating variable. Results Out of the 8,754 American youth who were non-smokers at baseline, 3.1% (n = 269) initiated tobacco use during the 30-month follow-up, while 96.9% (n = 8,485) remained non-smokers. A family income exceeding $100,000 per year was associated with a lower hazard ratio for tobacco initiation (transitioning to ever-use) over the follow-up period (HR = 0.620, p = 0.022). However, household income of $50-100k exhibited significant interactions with race/ethnicity on tobacco initiation, indicating weaker protective effects for Black (HR for interaction = 7.860, p < 0.001) and Latino (HR for interaction = 3.461, p = 0.001) youth compared to non-Latino White youth. Conclusions Within the United States, the racialization and minoritization of youth diminish the protective effects of economic resources, such as high household income, against the transition to tobacco use. Non-Latino White youth, the most socially privileged group, experience greater protection from their elevated household income regarding tobacco initiation compared to Black and Latino youth, who face minoritization and racialization. Policymakers should address not only the SES gap but also the mechanisms contributing to the heightened risk of tobacco use among racialized and minoritized youth from affluent backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Babak Najand
- Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Payam Sheikhattari
- Department of Behavioral Health Science, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Prevention Sciences Research Center, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Olakunde BO, Ujam C, Ndukwe CD, Falola-Anoemuah Y, Olaifa Y, Oladele TT, Yahaya HB, Ogundipe A. Barriers to the uptake of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis among young key populations in Nigeria. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:346-351. [PMID: 38105179 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231220099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young key populations (YKP) contribute to the burden of HIV in Nigeria and are a priority population for oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). However, their uptake of PrEP remains low. We assessed the main barriers to PrEP uptake and the variation among YKP (15-24 years) in Nigeria. METHODS This study was a secondary data analysis of the 2020 Integrated Biological & Behavioural Surveillance Survey conducted among key populations (KP), including female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID), and transgender people (TG), in 12 states in Nigeria. A closed-ended question asking the main reason for not taking PrEP among KP who had never taken PrEP was included in the surveillance questionnaire. We collapsed the responses into six barrier themes. Using multinomial logistic regression analysis, we examined the association between the barriers (dependent variable) and KP group (independent variable), controlling for age, educational attainment, religion, marital status, employment status, and geopolitical zone. RESULTS A total of 1776 YKP were included in this study. The most cited barriers by KP group were: lack of access (28.3%) and fear of side effects (28.3%) by FSW; lack of interest (37.1%) by MSM; low risk perception (65.5%) by PWID; and lack of access (34.4%) by TG. The odds of reporting fear of side effects, lack of access, lack of interest, and nonspecific/others reasons were significantly different by KP group. CONCLUSIONS The barriers limiting the uptake of PrEP among YKP vary by KP group. Our results highlight the need for KP-specific interventions to improve the uptake of PrEP among YKP in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babayemi O Olakunde
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chukwugozie Ujam
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chinwedu D Ndukwe
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
- African Institute of Health Policy and Health Systems, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Yinka Falola-Anoemuah
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Yewande Olaifa
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope T Oladele
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Hidayat B Yahaya
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Alex Ogundipe
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
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Murray RM, Sylvester BD, Sabiston CM, Doré I, Bélanger M. Does Participating in a Variety of Activities at a Variety of Locations or With Different People Predict Physical Activity Behavior Among Adolescents? The Mediating Role of Perceived Variety. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2024; 46:93-99. [PMID: 38479383 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2023-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We examine whether adolescents' participating in a variety of physical activities, locations, and/or with a variety of people relates to physical activity 16 months later and whether perceptions of variety mediate these relationships. Adolescents (N = 369) completed measures indicating various physical activities they participated in, where they primarily participated, and with whom they primarily participated, at three time points over a year (averaged for baseline measures). Perceptions of variety was measured 8 months later. Physical activity was measured 16 months after baseline. Mediation analyses tested perceptions of variety as a mediator of variety support and physical activity. Results indicated that variety of activities and variety of locations were indirectly associated with physical activity through perceptions of variety. Participating in a breadth of physical activities in a variety of locations during adolescence is positively associated with perceptions of variety, which relates to physical activity 16 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Murray
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin D Sylvester
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine M Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Doré
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal,QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bélanger
- Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB, Canada
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Matthews A, Lin J, Jhe G, Peters T, Sim L, Hebebrand J. Differentiating anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa with absolute weight cut-offs results in a skewed distribution for premorbid weight among youth. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:983-992. [PMID: 38459568 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN are conceptualized as distinct illnesses, despite similar characteristics and sequelae. Whereas DSM-5 differentiates youth with AN and atypical AN by the presence of clinical 'underweight' (i.e., 5th BMI percentile for age-and-sex (BMI%)), we hypothesized that using this weight cut-off to discern diagnoses creates a skewed distribution for premorbid weight. METHOD Participants included hospitalized youth with AN (n = 165, 43.1%) and atypical AN (n = 218, 56.9%). Frequency analyses and chi-square tests assessed the distribution of premorbid BMI z-scores (BMIz) for diagnosis. Non-parametric Spearman correlations and Stepwise Linear regressions examined relationships between premorbid BMIz, admission BMIz, and weight loss in kg. RESULTS Premorbid BMIz distributions differed significantly for diagnosis (p < .001), with an underrepresentation of 'overweight/obesity' (i.e., BMI% ≥ 85th) in AN. Despite commensurate weight loss in AN and atypical AN, patients with premorbid 'overweight/obesity' were 8.31 times more likely to have atypical AN than patients with premorbid BMI% < 85th. Premorbid BMIz explained 57% and 39% of the variance in admission BMIz and weight loss, respectively. DISCUSSION Findings support a homogenous model of AN and atypical AN, with weight loss predicted by premorbid BMI in both illnesses. Accordingly, premorbid BMI and weight loss (versus presenting BMI) may better denote the presence of an AN-like phenotype across the weight spectrum. Findings also suggest that differentiating diagnoses with BMI% < 5th requires that youth with higher BMIs lose disproportionately more weight for an AN diagnosis. This is problematic given unique treatment barriers experienced in atypical AN. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN are considered distinct conditions in youth, with differential diagnosis hinging upon a presenting weight status of 'underweight' (i.e., BMI percentile for age-and-sex (BMI%) < 5th). In our study, youth with premorbid 'overweight/obesity' (BMI% ≥ 85th) disproportionately remained above this threshold, despite similar weight loss. Coupled with prior evidence for commensurate characteristics and sequelae in both diagnoses, we propose that DSM-5 differentiation of AN and atypical AN inadvertently reinforces weight stigma and may contribute to treatment disparities in atypical AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jessica Lin
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Grace Jhe
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Leslie Sim
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Caba AE, Mallory AB, Simon KA, Renley BM, Rathus T, Watson RJ. Sexual Identity Disclosure and Alcohol Experiences Among LGBTQ+ Adolescents. Behav Med 2024; 50:170-180. [PMID: 37036276 PMCID: PMC10562512 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2023.2190078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) report greater alcohol use in comparison to their heterosexual counterparts. Prior research has found that elevated alcohol use among SGMY can be explained by minority stress experiences. Sexual identity outness may be another factor that drives alcohol use among SGMY, given that outness is associated with alcohol use among older sexual and gender minority samples. We examined how patterns of sexual identity outness were associated with lifetime alcohol use, past-30-day alcohol use, and past-30-day heavy episodic drinking. Data were drawn from the LGBTQ National Teen Survey (N = 8884). Participants were SGMY aged 13 to 17 (mean age = 15.59) years living in the US. Latent class analysis was used to identify sexual identity outness patterns. Multinomial regressions were used to examine the probability of class membership by alcohol use. Six outness classes were identified: out to all but teachers (n = 1033), out to siblings and peers (n = 1808), out to siblings and LGBTQ+ peers (n = 1707), out to LGBTQ+ peers (n = 1376), mostly not out (n = 1653), and very much not out (n = 1307). SGMY in classes characterized by greater outness to peers, friends, and family had greater odds of lifetime alcohol use compared with SGMY in classes characterized by lower outness. These findings suggest that SGMY with greater sexual identity outness may be a target for alcohol use prevention programming. Differences in sexual identity outness may be explained by minority stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia E. Caba
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Road, U-1058, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Allen B. Mallory
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Campbell Hall 151H, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Kay A. Simon
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, 1985 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108
| | - Benton M. Renley
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Road, U-1058, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Taylor Rathus
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Road, U-1058, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Ryan J. Watson
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Road, U-1058, Storrs, CT 06269
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Abstract
Suicides are increasing in U.S. youth, particularly in rural areas. The influence of farming, however, is unclear, as suicide rates are higher in individual adult farm workers, but lower in farming-reliant counties. Early recognition of suicidality (suicidal ideation, intent, or attempt) is a key element of prevention, but there are no prior studies comparing suicidality in farm vs. non-farm youth. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between farm/rural residence and suicidality. Medical records were reused from an existing cohort of child and adolescent patients under surveillance for agricultural injuries in a Wisconsin healthcare system. The sample included 2,010 youth who lived on farms and 51,900 youth who did not live on farms (57% rural). The outcome was medically attended suicidality in 2017-2022 per a composite of diagnoses for suicidal ideation, attempt, or intentional self-harm that presented to ambulatory, emergency, or inpatient care settings. Suicidality was observed in 0.8% of farm, 1.8% of non-farm rural, and 1.6% of non-farm non-rural youth. After covariate adjustment, farm youth had significantly lower odds of suicidality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] [95% confidence interval; CI] = 0.55 [0.33, 0.91], P = .019), while non-farm rural youth had significantly greater odds of suicidality (aOR [CI] = 1.21 [1.05, 1.40], P = .007), relative to non-farm non-rural youth. Children and adolescents who live on farms are about half as likely to (medically) present for suicidality as compared to their non-farm counterparts, both rural and non-rural. Future research should identify causal suicide protection factors in farm youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J VanWormer
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Richard L Berg
- Office of Research Support Services, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Matthew Wieckhorst
- National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Richard R Burke
- National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Bryan P Weichelt
- National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
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Reinbergs EJ, Rogers ML, Anderson JR, Pryor SM. Firearm carrying and adolescent suicide risk outcomes between 2015 and 2021 across nationally representative samples. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2024; 54:302-309. [PMID: 38223934 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Firearms are the most frequent means of youth suicide for the 14-18-year-old age group, and adolescent firearm access confers substantial increases in the risk of suicidal behaviors. There have been significant increases in firearm purchases and firearm violence in the United States since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study uses four time points of nationally representative data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) from 2015 to 2021 to examine the differential associations of reporting having carried a firearm and suicide-related outcomes, after controlling for relevant demographic factors. As a sensitivity analysis, we examined whether a similar risk pattern was seen for the probability of reporting depressed mood. RESULTS Results reveal significant increases in suicide-related outcomes among students who reported carrying a firearm and no significant increases among those who did not. Unlike the suicide-related outcomes, increases in depressed mood overtime were not limited to students who carried firearms, suggesting that the risk associated with firearms may be specific to suicide-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Carrying a firearm is associated with significant increases in the risk of suicidal ideation and behaviors among youth and this risk has increased between 2015 and 2021. Implications for youth suicide prevention and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Reinbergs
- Department of Clinical Health and Applied Sciences, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Megan L Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Anderson
- Department of School Psychology, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah M Pryor
- Department of School Psychology, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
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Comulada WS, Rezai R, Sumstine S, Flores DD, Kerin T, Ocasio MA, Swendeman D, Fernández MI. A necessary conversation to develop chatbots for HIV studies: qualitative findings from research staff, community advisory board members, and study participants. AIDS Care 2024; 36:463-471. [PMID: 37253196 PMCID: PMC10687304 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2216926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chatbots increase business productivity by handling customer conversations instead of human agents. Similar rationale applies to use chatbots in the healthcare sector, especially for health coaches who converse with clients. Chatbots are nascent in healthcare. Study findings have been mixed in terms of engagement and their impact on outcomes. Questions remain as to chatbot acceptability with coaches and other providers; studies have focused on clients.To clarify perceived benefits of chatbots in HIV interventions we conducted virtual focus groups with 13 research staff, eight community advisory board members, and seven young adults who were HIV intervention trial participants (clients). Our HIV healthcare context is important. Clients represent a promising age demographic for chatbot uptake. They are a marginalized population warranting consideration to avoid technology that limits healthcare access.Focus group participants expressed the value of chatbots for HIV research staff and clients. Staff discussed how chatbot functions, such as automated appointment scheduling and service referrals, could reduce workloads while clients discussed the after-hours convenience of these functions. Participants also emphasized that chatbots should provide relatable conversation, reliable functionality, and would not be appropriate for all clients. Our findings underscore the need to further examine appropriate chatbot functionality in HIV interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Scott Comulada
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Roxana Rezai
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephanie Sumstine
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Tara Kerin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Manuel A. Ocasio
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LO
| | - Dallas Swendeman
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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Brown DMY, Summerville B, Fairclough SJ, Mielke GI, Tyler R. Associations Between Intersecting Sociodemographic Characteristics and Device-Measured Physical Activity Among Children and Adolescents Living in the United States. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:384-393. [PMID: 38281485 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite robust evidence demonstrating sociodemographic characteristics may underly some of the disparities in physical activity observed among children and adolescents, the often-overlooked nexus of potential interactions between these characteristics warrants further exploration. This study explored the intersectionality of gender, race/ethnicity, parental education, and household income in relation to device-measured physical activity volume and intensity in a nationally representative sample of US children and adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 3 cycles of the US National Health and Nutrition Survey (2011-2012; 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey; and 2013-2014) were used. A total of 6116 participants (49% female) between 3 and 17 years of age wore an accelerometer on their nondominant wrist for 7 days. Monitor-independent movement summary units were used to represent physical activity volume and intensity. A Social Jeopardy Index was created to represent increasing levels of intersecting social disadvantages based on combinations of gender, race/ethnicity, parental education, and household income-to-poverty ratio tertiles. Generalized linear regression models were computed. RESULTS The results showed social disadvantages become increasingly evident among children and adolescents during the most intense 60 minutes of daily physical activity (B = -48.69 [9.94] SE, P < .001), but disparities in total volume were not observed (B = 34.01 [44.96] SE, P = .45). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that patterns of physical activity behavior may differ based on intersecting sociodemographic characteristics-more socially disadvantaged children and adolescents appear to accumulate activity at lighter intensities. Collecting contextual information about device-measured physical activity represents an important next step for gaining insight into these sociodemographic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denver M Y Brown
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bryce Summerville
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Stuart J Fairclough
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Gregore I Mielke
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard Tyler
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Lancashire, United Kingdom
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Rodrigues F, Monteiro D, Matos R, Jacinto M, Antunes R, Amaro N. Exploring the Dynamics of Athletes' Enjoyment and Self-Determined Motivation, and of the Motivational Climate in Youth Football: A Longitudinal Perspective. Percept Mot Skills 2024; 131:551-567. [PMID: 38096458 PMCID: PMC10924548 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231222152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to explore a short period longitudinal interplay between athletes' enjoyment and their self-determined motivation and motivational climate in youth football. We recruited 109 youth football athletes (79 males, 30 females) through a convenient sampling method. We included individuals within the 12-17-year-old age range, with a mean age of 14.31 (SD = 1.46) years. To examine these proposed associations, we performed hierarchical multiple regression analyses and found that enjoyment at pre-season assessment (T1) and self-determined motivation and a task-involving sport climate at mid-season (T2) were significant predictors of mid-season enjoyment (at T2). However, self-determined motivation and task-involving climate at T1 did not significantly contribute to the model. These findings emphasize the importance of initial enjoyment and an evolved self-determined motivation, and task-involving climate in understanding later enjoyment in sport. Coaches, practitioners, and policymakers should prioritize strategies that enhance intrinsic motivation, provide opportunities for autonomy, and cultivate a supportive and growth-oriented environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- ESECS - Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS - Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui Matos
- ESECS - Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Miguel Jacinto
- ESECS - Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Raúl Antunes
- ESECS - Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Amaro
- ESECS - Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Harduar Morano L, Rosenman KD. Non-Fatal Work-Related Farm Injuries Occurring to Michigan Adults and Youths. J Agromedicine 2024; 29:155-161. [PMID: 37953628 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2023.2281530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Farming is one of the top industries in Michigan and has the highest fatality rate. National sources of non-fatal farm injuries underestimate the burden, especially among children. In this paper, we provide a more accurate estimate of non-fatal farm injuries in Michigan by using an ongoing multi-source surveillance system. Michigan's farm-injury surveillance system includes abstractions of hospital-based medical records, poison control center calls, ambulance runs, and workers' compensation claims for individuals with a farm-related injury. For this analysis, injury onset occurred in 2015 to 2021 and included all injuries regardless of age or occupation. We identified 4,306 injuries in adults and 336 injuries in youth. For those 0-13 years of age all but two were family members. For those 14-15 and 16-17 years of age, 19% and 45%, respectively were hired hands. For adults, 51% were owner/operators, 43% were hired hands, and 5% were family members. For all ages, the most frequent injury source was cattle. Lacerations/cuts/punctures were the most common type of injury for those < 14 years of age while for older individuals it was contusions/bruises. The plurality of injuries occurred in the summer months. Children working on a farm are in unique situation and tracking injuries and identifying injury sources provide necessary information to protect their health and well-being. Michigan's farm-injury surveillance system will continue to provide a comprehensive count of work-related injuries among Michigan's farming population. The information is used to direct public health intervention both at the individual and population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Harduar Morano
- College of Human Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth D Rosenman
- College of Human Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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You L, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhu L, Wang T, Yu X, Dong J, Guan Y. Factors promoting and hindering resilience in youth with inflammatory bowel disease: A descriptive qualitative study. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2150. [PMID: 38629398 PMCID: PMC11022225 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore factors promoting and hindering resilience in youth with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) based on Kumpfer's resilience framework. DESIGN A descriptive qualitative study design with an interpretative approach was used. METHODS Participants consisted of 10 youths with IBD from a tertiary hospital in Beijing (China) recruited using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews from December 2020 to March 2021. The directed content analysis was performed for data analysis. RESULTS Both promoting factors and hindering factors could be divided into personal factors and environmental factors. Thirteen themes were identified. The promoting factors included acceptance of illness, strict self-management, previous treatment experience, life goals, family support, medical support and peer encouragement. Stigma, lack of communication, negative cognition, societal incomprehension, economic pressure and academic and employment pressure were hindering factors. CONCLUSION Health care professionals need to develop greater awareness of factors, stemming from both the individual and the outside world, that hinder or promote resilience in order to aid young patients with IBD. Building targeted nursing measures to excavate the internal positive quality of patients, provide external support and promote the development of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili You
- Department of GastroenterologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Siyao Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Nursing DepartmentPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Nursing DepartmentPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of GastroenterologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of GastroenterologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yuxia Guan
- Department of Internal MedicinePeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
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Kennedy KG, Ghugre NR, Roifman I, Qi X, Saul K, McCrindle BW, Macgowan CK, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. Impaired coronary microvascular reactivity in youth with bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1196-1206. [PMID: 37905407 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is excessively prevalent and premature in bipolar disorder (BD), even after controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The increased risk of CVD in BD may be subserved by microvascular dysfunction. We examined coronary microvascular function in relation to youth BD. METHODS Participants were 86 youth, ages 13-20 years (n = 39 BD, n = 47 controls). Coronary microvascular reactivity (CMVR) was assessed using quantitative T2 magnetic resonance imaging during a validated breathing-paradigm. Quantitative T2 maps were acquired at baseline, following 60-s of hyperventilation, and every 10-s thereafter during a 40-s breath-hold. Left ventricular structure and function were evaluated based on 12-15 short- and long-axis cardiac-gated cine images. A linear mixed-effects model that controlled for age, sex, and body mass index assessed for between-group differences in CMVR (time-by-group interaction). RESULTS The breathing-paradigm induced a significant time-related increase in T2 relaxation time for all participants (i.e. CMVR; β = 0.36, p < 0.001). CMVR was significantly lower in BD v. controls (β = -0.11, p = 0.002). Post-hoc analyses found lower T2 relaxation time in BD youth after 20-, 30-, and 40 s of breath-holding (d = 0.48, d = 0.72, d = 0.91, respectively; all pFDR < 0.01). Gross left ventricular structure and function (e.g. mass, ejection fraction) were within normal ranges and did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION Youth with BD showed evidence of subclinically impaired coronary microvascular function, despite normal gross cardiac structure and function. These results converge with prior findings in adults with major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Future studies integrating larger samples, prospective follow-up, and blood-based biomarkers are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kody G Kennedy
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nilesh R Ghugre
- Schulich Heart Research Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Idan Roifman
- Schulich Heart Research Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiuling Qi
- Schulich Heart Research Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kayla Saul
- Schulich Heart Research Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian W McCrindle
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher K Macgowan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Computational Radiology & Artificial Intelligence (CRAI) unit, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Mills AR, Astle KN, Aragon KG. Considerations of gender-affirming care for transgender and gender-diverse youth. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2024:zxae085. [PMID: 38530876 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxae085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Mills
- University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS, USA
| | - Kevin N Astle
- University of South Florida Taneja College of Pharmacy, Tampa, FL, USA
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López-Gil JF, Victoria-Montesinos D, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Jiménez-López E. Family Meals and Social Eating Behavior and Their Association with Disordered Eating among Spanish Adolescents: The EHDLA Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:951. [PMID: 38612985 PMCID: PMC11013300 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the association of family meals and social eating behavior with disordered eating behavior in Spanish adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that included 706 adolescents (43.9% boys) from the Eating Habits and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) study (aged 12 to 17) from Valle de Ricote, Region of Murcia, Spain. The frequency of family meals was assessed by asking participants to report how often their family, or most household members, had shared meals in the past week. Social eating behavior was evaluated using three statements: "I enjoy sitting down with family or friends for a meal", "Having at least one meal a day with others (family or friends) is important to me", and "I usually have dinner with others". To evaluate disordered eating, two psychologists administered the Sick, Control, One, Fat and Food (SCOFF) questionnaire. RESULTS After adjusting for several covariates, for each additional family meal, the likelihood of having disordered eating behavior was lower (odds ratio (OR) = 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93 to 0.9997, p = 0.049). On the other hand, a lower likelihood of having disordered eating behavior was observed for each additional point in the social eating behavior scale (OR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.77 to 0.93, p = 0.001). The likelihood of having disordered eating behavior was 0.7% lower for each additional family meal (95% CI 0.01% to 1.4%, p = 0.046). Furthermore, for each additional point in the social eating behavior scale, a lower probability of having disordered eating behavior was observed (3.2%; 95% CI 1.4% to 5.0%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS While disordered eating behavior is complex and can be shaped by various factors, both family meals and social eating behavior emerge as significant factors inversely associated with this condition among adolescents. Promoting regular engagement in family meals and fostering positive social eating experiences could serve as effective strategies in public health initiatives aimed at mitigating the incidence of disordered eating behavior among the young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Seville, Spain;
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Ridout B, Forsyth R, Amon KL, Navarro P, Campbell AJ. The Urgent Need for an Evidence-Based Digital Mental Health Practice Model of Care for Youth. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e48441. [PMID: 38534006 PMCID: PMC11004617 DOI: 10.2196/48441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Australian providers of mental health services and support for young people include private and public allied health providers, government initiatives (eg, headspace), nongovernment organizations (eg, Kids Helpline), general practitioners (GPs), and the hospital system. Over 20 years of research has established that many young people prefer to seek mental health support online; however, clear client pathways within and between online and offline mental health services are currently lacking. The authors propose a Digital Mental Health Practice model of care for youth to assist with digital mental health service mapping. The proposed model offers accessible pathways for a client to engage with digital mental health services, provides clear navigation to access support for individual needs, and facilitates a seamless connection with offline mental health services using a transferable electronic health records system. This future-looking model also includes emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and the metaverse, which must be accounted for as potential tools to be leveraged for digital therapies and support systems. The urgent need for a user-centered Digital Mental Health Practice model of care for youth in Australia is discussed, highlighting the shortcomings of traditional and existing online triage models evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the complex challenges that must be overcome, such as the integration of diverse mental health care providers and establishment of a robust electronic health records system. Potential benefits of such a model include reduced pressure on emergency rooms, improved identification of immediate needs, enhanced referral practices, and the establishment of a cost-efficient national digital mental health care model with global applicability. The authors conclude by stressing the consequences of inaction, warning that delays may lead to more complex challenges as new technologies emerge and exacerbate the long-term negative consequences of poor mental health management on the economic and biopsychosocial well-being of young Australians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Ridout
- Cyberpsychology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rowena Forsyth
- Cyberpsychology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Krestina L Amon
- Cyberpsychology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Andrew J Campbell
- Cyberpsychology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ahuja N, Mahmood A, Kedia S, Dillon PJ. Predictors of U.S. Adults' Opinion Toward an R-Rating Policy for Movies With Cigarette Smoking. Health Educ Behav 2024:10901981241239933. [PMID: 38519853 DOI: 10.1177/10901981241239933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Recently, multiple health organizations and advocacy groups have pushed for giving an R-rating for movies depicting tobacco imagery. This study examined several predictors of U.S. adults' opinion toward an R-rating policy for movies depicting cigarette smoking. We used data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (2020 cycle), for a nationally representative sample of 3,865 US adults (aged ≥ 18). The outcome variable was opinion toward an R-rating policy (support, neutral, and oppose) for movies depicting cigarette smoking. A weighted adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis with comparisons of support versus oppose, support versus neutral, and neutral versus oppose was performed. About 48.2% of respondents were supportive of, 31.1% were neutral toward, and 20.7% were opposed to an R-rating policy. Adults aged 50 to 64 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.28, p = .008) and ≥65 years (aOR = 4.54, p <.001) (vs. 18-34 years) were more likely to support the R-rating policy than oppose it. Non-Hispanic Black respondents (vs. non-Hispanic Whites) were 1.74 times more likely to support than oppose the policy (aOR = 1.74, p = .04), whereas adults with a household annual income of US$75,000 or more (vs. <$20,000) and those with moderate (vs. liberal) political viewpoints were more likely to be neutral than oppose the policy. Former and current e-cigarette users (vs. never users) were less likely to support than oppose the policy. Tailored messaging addressing the rationale behind R-rating policy should be directed towards communities based on age, race/ethnicity, household income, e-cigarette usage, and political ideologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Ahuja
- Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, Slippery Rock, PA, USA
| | - Asos Mahmood
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Satish Kedia
- The University of Memphis School of Public Health, Memphis, TN, USA
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East K, Taylor EV, Simonavičius E, Reid JL, Burkhalter R, McNeill A, Hammond D. Use of 'Elf Bar' among youth and young adults who currently vape in England: cross-sectional associations with demographics, dependence indicators and reasons for use. Addiction 2024. [PMID: 38515247 DOI: 10.1111/add.16463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elf Bar is currently the leading e-cigarette (vape) brand in Great Britain. This study examined youth and young adults' use of Elf Bar, socio-demographic characteristics and dependence indicators and reasons for use over other brands. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Online 2022 International Tobacco Control Project Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey (N = 1355 16-29-year-olds in England who had vaped in the past 30 days). MEASUREMENTS Currently using Elf Bar most often (versus other brands) and associations with: socio-demographics, owning a vaping device, dependence indicators and reasons for brand choice. Logistic regressions were used. FINDINGS Among 16-29-year-olds who vaped in the past 30 days, 48.4% (n = 732) reported Elf Bar as the brand they used most often. Among 16-17-year-olds, 40.7% used Elf Bar over other brands; this was lower than among 18-19-year-olds (60.1%) and 20-29-year-olds (47.4%) (P ≤ 0.002). Using Elf Bar over other brands was higher among those who were female (55.2 versus 41.5% male), identified as White (53.1 versus 30.9% other/mixed), a student (54.5 versus 44.3% not), did not own a vape (66.7 versus 44.4% who did) and typically vaped 5-8 hours after waking (62.7 versus 36.8% within 5 min) (P ≤ 0.044). Most who vaped but had never smoked used Elf Bar (64.3%), although use did not significantly differ from those who currently (45.4%), formerly (42.3%) or experimentally (48.7%) smoked (all P ≥ 0.060). Popular reasons for choosing Elf Bar over other brands were better flavour/taste (47.5%), less expensive (28.7%), easier to get (26.1%), smoother to inhale (24.0%) and popularity (23.1%). 'Better for quitting smoking' (10.1%) was least frequently selected reason for choosing Elf Bar over other brands. CONCLUSIONS Elf Bar brand e-cigarettes were used by approximately half of 16-29-year-olds who vaped in England in 2022 and was mainly chosen over other brands for subjective responses (e.g. flavour/taste), rather than for quitting smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine East
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Eve V Taylor
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Erikas Simonavičius
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica L Reid
- School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Robin Burkhalter
- School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ann McNeill
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Nestor BA, Kossowsky J, Nelson SM. Topical Review: Getting into the head of youth with chronic pain: how theory of mind deficits may relate to the development and maintenance of pediatric pain. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:224-230. [PMID: 38366580 PMCID: PMC10954304 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to understand the thoughts, feelings, and mental states of others and is critical for effective social and psychological functioning. ToM deficits have been associated with various psychological disorders and identified in adult pain populations. For youth with chronic pain, ToM deficits may underlie the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to their experience of pain, but this remains poorly understood. METHODS This topical review explored the extant literature in the areas of ToM and chronic pain, particularly for pediatric populations, with respect to biological, psychological, and social elements of the biopsychosocial model of pain. RESULTS ToM deficits may be present alongside previously identified biological, psychological, and social correlates of pediatric pain, as a vulnerability, mechanism, and/or consequence. Biologically, ToM deficits may relate to cortisol abnormalities and neurobiological substrates of pain processing. Psychologically, ToM deficits may stem from pain-focused cognitions, thus impacting relationships and fueling impairment. Socially, chronic pain may preclude normative development of ToM abilities through social withdrawal, thereby exacerbating the experience of pain. CONCLUSION Taken together, ToM deficits may be associated with increased risk for the development and/or maintenance of pediatric chronic pain, and pediatric chronic pain may similarly confer risk for ToM deficits. Future research should investigate the nature of ToM abilities in youth with chronic pain to test these hypotheses and ultimately inform ToM-focused and pain-based interventions, as this ability has been demonstrated to be modifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Nestor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joe Kossowsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah M Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Pauzé E, Pinto A, Potvin Kent M. How frequently is alcohol advertised on television in Canada?: A cross-sectional study. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae020. [PMID: 38572726 PMCID: PMC10993171 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol marketing is a commercial driver of alcohol use, including among youth. This study sought to quantify and characterize alcohol advertising on broadcast television in Canada. METHODS Open-source television program logs for January to December 2018 submitted to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission by 147 stations with alcohol advertisements were analyzed. RESULTS Overall, 501 628 alcohol advertisements were broadcast. Four companies accounted for 83% of advertisements, namely, Anheuser-Busch in Bev (33.7%), Molson Coors (22.7%), Diageo (16.1%), and Arterra Wines Canada (10.8%). On conventional stations, advertising was highest on French-language stations [Median (Mdn) = 3224; interquartile range (IQR) = 2262] followed by those with programming in foreign/mixed languages (Mdn = 2679; IQR = 219) and English-language stations (Mdn = 1955; IQR = 1563). On speciality stations, advertising was most frequent on those primarily focused on sports programming (Mdn = 8036; IQR = 7393), movies and scripted shows (Mdn = 7463; IQR = 5937), and cooking (Mdn = 5498; IQR = 4032). On weekdays, 33% of alcohol ads aired from 6 to 9 a.m. and 3 to 9 p.m. and on weekends, 52% aired from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. when children or adolescents are more likely to be watching television. On youth-oriented stations (n = 4), 7937 alcohol advertisements were broadcast with most airing from 9 p.m. to midnight (44-45%) or 12-6 a.m. (50%) on both weekdays and weekends. CONCLUSIONS While few alcohol advertisements were broadcast on youth-oriented stations, young people in Canada are likely exposed to such advertising on programming intended for older or general audiences (e.g. sports). More research is needed to ascertain the extent to which broadcast television constitutes a source of alcohol advertising exposure among youth and to inform policies aimed at protecting them from the influence of such exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Pauzé
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 25 University Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adena Pinto
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Monique Potvin Kent
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
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Dennehy J, Cameron M, Phillips T, Kolbe-Alexander T. Physical activity interventions among youth living in rural and remote areas: A systematic review. Aust N Z J Public Health 2024; 48:100137. [PMID: 38489936 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity (PA) interventions have potential to improve health and social outcomes among youth. The aim of this study was to collate the evidence on the effectiveness of PA and sports-based interventions among youth living in rural and remote areas. METHODS We searched five databases and grey literature (HealthInfoNet). Search terms included PA, rural status, adolescents, and outcome measures. Studies were included if published in English, recruited 10- to 18-year olds, and were based in rural or remote communities (Modified Monash Model [MMM] area classification range of MMM 3-7). Quasi-experimental and pre-experimental and post-experimental PA interventions were included. Two authors evaluated the articles independently following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and relevant data were extracted. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42020199001). RESULTS Of the 11802 studies identified, 6 were included in the review. Most studies were excluded for not meeting MMM 3-7 criteria. Four of the included studies had sports-related interventions, and 2 had walking-based interventions. Outcomes included self-efficacy, mental health, and academic performance. One study reported a positive effect of PA on self-efficacy (β = 0.26, p=0.018, odds ratio = 1.43 [95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.92]). CONCLUSION Few community-based PA interventions have been evaluated in rural areas. There is a need for future evaluations in rural areas and include PA as an outcome measure. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH The findings highlight the need for measurement of PA outcomes in PA interventions in rural and remote areas. The findings also highlight the need for research to utilise a standardised measure of rurality.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dennehy
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia.
| | - Melainie Cameron
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia; Research Unit for Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation (PhASRec), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Centre of Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia
| | - Tania Phillips
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia
| | - Tracy Kolbe-Alexander
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia; UCT Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), Division of Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Centre of Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia; Manna Institute, Australian Government Department of Education, Australia
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