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Clevenger KA, McKee KL, McNarry MA, Mackintosh KA, Berrigan D. Association of Recess Provision With Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in a Representative Sample of 6- to 11-Year-Old Children in the United States. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024; 36:83-90. [PMID: 37758264 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2023-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the association between the amount of recess provision and children's accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) levels. METHODS Parents/guardians of 6- to 11-year-olds (n = 451) in the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey reported recess provision, categorized as low (10-15 min; 31.9%), medium (16-30 min; 48.0%), or high (>30 min; 20.1%). Children wore a wrist-worn accelerometer for 7 days to estimate time spent sedentary, in light PA, and in moderate to vigorous PA using 2 different cut points for either activity counts or raw acceleration. Outcomes were compared between levels of recess provision while adjusting for covariates and the survey's multistage, probability sampling design. RESULTS Children with high recess provision spent less time sedentary, irrespective of type of day (week vs weekend) and engaged in more light or moderate to vigorous PA on weekdays than those with low recess provision. The magnitude and statistical significance of effects differed based on the cut points used to classify PA (eg, 4.7 vs 11.9 additional min·d-1 of moderate to vigorous PA). CONCLUSIONS Providing children with >30 minutes of daily recess, which exceeds current recommendations of ≥20 minutes, is associated with more favorable PA levels and not just on school days. Identifying the optimal method for analyzing wrist-worn accelerometer data could clarify the magnitude of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Clevenger
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT,USA
| | - Katherine L McKee
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT,USA
| | - Melitta A McNarry
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea,United Kingdom
| | - Kelly A Mackintosh
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea,United Kingdom
| | - David Berrigan
- Health Behaviors Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,USA
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Fairclough SJ, Rowlands AV, Del Pozo Cruz B, Crotti M, Foweather L, Graves LEF, Hurter L, Jones O, MacDonald M, McCann DA, Miller C, Noonan RJ, Owen MB, Rudd JR, Taylor SL, Tyler R, Boddy LM. Reference values for wrist-worn accelerometer physical activity metrics in England children and adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:35. [PMID: 36964597 PMCID: PMC10039565 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decade use of raw acceleration metrics to assess physical activity has increased. Metrics such as Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO), and Mean Amplitude Deviation (MAD) can be used to generate metrics which describe physical activity volume (average acceleration), intensity distribution (intensity gradient), and intensity of the most active periods (MX metrics) of the day. Presently, relatively little comparative data for these metrics exists in youth. To address this need, this study presents age- and sex-specific reference percentile values in England youth and compares physical activity volume and intensity profiles by age and sex. METHODS Wrist-worn accelerometer data from 10 studies involving youth aged 5 to 15 y were pooled. Weekday and weekend waking hours were first calculated for youth in school Years (Y) 1&2, Y4&5, Y6&7, and Y8&9 to determine waking hours durations by age-groups and day types. A valid waking hours day was defined as accelerometer wear for ≥ 600 min·d-1 and participants with ≥ 3 valid weekdays and ≥ 1 valid weekend day were included. Mean ENMO- and MAD-generated average acceleration, intensity gradient, and MX metrics were calculated and summarised as weighted week averages. Sex-specific smoothed percentile curves were generated for each metric using Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape. Linear mixed models examined age and sex differences. RESULTS The analytical sample included 1250 participants. Physical activity peaked between ages 6.5-10.5 y, depending on metric. For all metrics the highest activity levels occurred in less active participants (3rd-50th percentile) and girls, 0.5 to 1.5 y earlier than more active peers, and boys, respectively. Irrespective of metric, boys were more active than girls (p < .001) and physical activity was lowest in the Y8&9 group, particularly when compared to the Y1&2 group (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Percentile reference values for average acceleration, intensity gradient, and MX metrics have utility in describing age- and sex-specific values for physical activity volume and intensity in youth. There is a need to generate nationally-representative wrist-acceleration population-referenced norms for these metrics to further facilitate health-related physical activity research and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Fairclough
- Movement Behaviours, Nutrition, Health, & Wellbeing Research Group, and Department of Sport & Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Alex V Rowlands
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Faculty of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (IMiBICA) Resarch Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matteo Crotti
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Lawrence Foweather
- The Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lee E F Graves
- The Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Liezel Hurter
- The Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Owen Jones
- The Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mhairi MacDonald
- Movement Behaviours, Nutrition, Health, & Wellbeing Research Group, and Department of Sport & Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Deborah A McCann
- The Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Caitlin Miller
- Movement Behaviours, Nutrition, Health, & Wellbeing Research Group, and Department of Sport & Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Robert J Noonan
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
| | - Michael B Owen
- Department of Applied Health and Social Care and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - James R Rudd
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah L Taylor
- The Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard Tyler
- Movement Behaviours, Nutrition, Health, & Wellbeing Research Group, and Department of Sport & Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Lynne M Boddy
- The Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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Bianchim MS, McNarry MA, Barker AR, Williams CA, Denford S, Holland AE, Cox NS, Dreger J, Evans R, Thia L, Mackintosh KA. Sleep, Sedentary Time and Physical Activity Levels in Children with Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35742382 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the use of generic and cystic fibrosis (CF)-specific cut-points to assess movement behaviours in children and adolescents with CF. Physical activity (PA) was assessed for seven consecutive days using a non-dominant wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X in 71 children and adolescents (36 girls; 13.5 ± 2.9 years) with mild CF. CF-specific and generic Euclidean norm minus one (ENMO) cut-points were used to determine sedentary time (SED), sleep, light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity. The effect of using a CF-specific or generic cut-point on the relationship between PA intensities and lung function was determined. Movement behaviours differed significantly according to the cut-point used, with the CF-specific cut-points resulting in less time asleep (−31.4 min; p < 0.01) and in LPA (−195.1 min; p < 0.001), and more SED and moderate-to-vigorous PA (159.3 and 67.1 min, respectively; both p < 0.0001) than the generic thresholds. Lung function was significantly associated with LPA according to the CF-specific cut-points (r = 0.52; p = 0.04). Thresholds developed for healthy populations misclassified PA levels, sleep and SED in children and adolescents with CF. This discrepancy affected the relationship between lung function and PA, which was only apparent when using the CF-specific cut-points. Promoting LPA seems a promising strategy to enhance lung function in children and adolescents with CF.
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Migueles JH, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Alcantara JMA, Leal-Martín J, Mañas A, Ara I, Glynn NW, Shiroma EJ. Calibration and Cross-Validation of Accelerometer Cut-Points to Classify Sedentary Time and Physical Activity from Hip and Non-Dominant and Dominant Wrists in Older Adults. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:3326. [PMID: 34064790 PMCID: PMC8150960 DOI: 10.3390/s21103326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Accelerometers' accuracy for sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) classification depends on accelerometer placement, data processing, activities, and sample characteristics. As intensities differ by age, this study sought to determine intensity cut-points at various wear locations people more than 70 years old. Data from 59 older adults were used for calibration and from 21 independent participants for cross-validation purposes. Participants wore accelerometers on their hip and wrists while performing activities and having their energy expenditure measured with portable calorimetry. ST and MVPA were defined as ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs) and ≥3 METs (1 MET = 2.8 mL/kg/min), respectively. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses showed fair-to-good accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.62-0.89). ST cut-points were 7 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.88, specificity = 0.80) and 1 count/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.91, specificity = 0.96) for the hip; 18 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.86, specificity = 0.86) and 102 counts/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.91, specificity = 0.92) for the non-dominant wrist; and 22 mg and 175 counts/5 s (not cross-validated) for the dominant wrist. MVPA cut-points were 14 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.70, specificity = 0.99) and 54 count/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.96) for the hip; 60 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.83, specificity = 0.99) and 182 counts/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.89) for the non-dominant wrist; and 64 mg and 268 counts/5 s (not cross-validated) for the dominant wrist. These cut-points can classify ST and MVPA in older adults from hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo H. Migueles
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden;
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; (C.C.-S.); (J.M.A.A.)
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; (C.C.-S.); (J.M.A.A.)
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan M. A. Alcantara
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; (C.C.-S.); (J.M.A.A.)
| | - Javier Leal-Martín
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (J.L.-M.); (A.M.); (I.A.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Asier Mañas
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (J.L.-M.); (A.M.); (I.A.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (J.L.-M.); (A.M.); (I.A.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy W. Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
| | - Eric J. Shiroma
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 20892, USA
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Clevenger KA, Pfeiffer KA, Montoye AHK. Cross-generational comparability of hip- and wrist-worn ActiGraph GT3X+, wGT3X-BT, and GT9X accelerometers during free-living in adults. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2794-2802. [PMID: 32755446 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1801320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ActiGraph accelerometers are frequently used to characterize physical activity, but free-living cross-generational comparability of newer models has not been verified. Participants (N = 70) wore GT9X and wGT3X-BT accelerometers at the hip and a sub-sample (n = 54) wore GT9X and either wGT3X-BT or GT3X+ monitors at each wrist for 4 days. Vector magnitude (VM) counts, VM acceleration, Mean Amplitude Deviation (MAD), and Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO) were calculated (60-s epoch), and cut-points were used to determine percent of time spent in each intensity (sedentary/light, moderate, vigorous). Epoch-level correlation coefficients (r) were ≥0.73, and weighted kappa for intensity classifications ranged from 0.71 (ENMO, hip) to 0.98 (VM counts, non-dominant wrist). Monitors were equivalent for all outcomes, except ENMO (all locations/monitors), percent of time spent in sedentary/light (hip) and moderate (hip and non-dominant wrist) activity as classified by ENMO-based cut-points, and vigorous activity as classified by VM count cut-points (non-dominant wrist; p > 0.05). While epoch-level data were not identical, most outcomes were strongly related between models (e.g., MAD, VM) and equivalent once reduced to percent of time spent in each intensity. However, monitor output was not equivalent for the acceleration-based metric ENMO, suggesting that caution should be exercised when comparing this outcome among ActiGraph models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin A Pfeiffer
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA
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Birnbaumer P, Dietz P, Watson ED, Mukoma G, Müller A, Sattler MC, Jaunig J, van Poppel MNM, Hofmann P. Absolute Accelerometer-Based Intensity Prescription Compared to Physiological Variables in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E5651. [PMID: 32764431 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of the intensity of physical activity (PA) based on absolute accelerometer cut points (Cp) likely over- or underestimates intensity for a specific individual. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between absolute moderate intensity Cp and the first ventilatory threshold (VT1). A group of 24 pregnant and 15 nonpregnant women who performed a submaximal incremental walking test with measures of ventilatory parameters and accelerations from three different accelerometers on the wrist (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT, GENEActiv, Axivity AX3) and one on the hip (Actigraph wGT3X-BT) were analyzed. Cp were determined corresponding to 3 metabolic equivalents of task (MET), using the conventional MET definition (Cp3.5) (3.5 mL/kg×min) and individual resting metabolic rate (Cpind). The ventilatory equivalent (VE/VO2) was used to determine VT1. Accelerations at VT1 were significantly higher (p < 0.01) compared to Cp3.5 and Cpind in both groups. Cp3.5 and Cpind were significantly different in nonpregnant (p < 0.01) but not in pregnant women. Walking speed at VT1 (5.7 ± 0.5/6.2 ± 0.8 km/h) was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in pregnant compared to nonpregnant women and correspondent to 3.8 ± 0.7/4.9 ± 1.4 conventional METs. Intensity at absolute Cp was lower compared to the intensity at VT1 independent of the device or placement in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Therefore, we recommend individually tailored cut points such as the VT1 to better assess the effect of the intensity of PA.
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Sagan SA, Winger RC, Cruz-Herranz A, Nelson PA, Hagberg S, Miller CN, Spencer CM, Ho PP, Bennett JL, Levy M, Levin MH, Verkman AS, Steinman L, Green AJ, Anderson MS, Sobel RA, Zamvil SS. Tolerance checkpoint bypass permits emergence of pathogenic T cells to neuromyelitis optica autoantigen aquaporin-4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14781-6. [PMID: 27940915 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617859114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific T cells are expanded in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients and exhibit Th17 polarization. However, their pathogenic role in CNS autoimmune inflammatory disease is unclear. Although multiple AQP4 T-cell epitopes have been identified in WT C57BL/6 mice, we observed that neither immunization with those determinants nor transfer of donor T cells targeting them caused CNS autoimmune disease in recipient mice. In contrast, robust proliferation was observed following immunization of AQP4-deficient (AQP4-/-) mice with AQP4 peptide (p) 135-153 or p201-220, peptides predicted to contain I-Ab-restricted T-cell epitopes but not identified in WT mice. In comparison with WT mice, AQP4-/- mice used unique T-cell receptor repertoires for recognition of these two AQP4 epitopes. Donor T cells specific for either determinant from AQP4-/-, but not WT, mice induced paralysis in recipient WT and B-cell-deficient mice. AQP4-specific Th17-polarized cells induced more severe disease than Th1-polarized cells. Clinical signs were associated with opticospinal infiltrates of T cells and monocytes. Fluorescent-labeled donor T cells were detected in CNS lesions. Visual system involvement was evident by changes in optical coherence tomography. Fine mapping of AQP4 p201-220 and p135-153 epitopes identified peptides within p201-220 but not p135-153, which induced clinical disease in 40% of WT mice by direct immunization. Our results provide a foundation to evaluate how AQP4-specific T cells contribute to AQP4-targeted CNS autoimmunity (ATCA) and suggest that pathogenic AQP4-specific T-cell responses are normally restrained by central tolerance, which may be relevant to understanding development of AQP4-reactive T cells in NMO.
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Hildebrand M, Hansen BH, van Hees VT, Ekelund U. Evaluation of raw acceleration sedentary thresholds in children and adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:1814-1823. [PMID: 27878845 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to develop sedentary (sitting/lying) thresholds from hip and wrist worn raw tri-axial acceleration data from the ActiGraph and GENEActiv, and to examine the agreement between free-living time spent below these thresholds with sedentary time estimated by the activPAL. Sixty children and adults wore an ActiGraph and GENEActiv on the hip and wrist while performing six structured activities, before wearing the monitors, in addition to an activPAL, for 24 h. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine sedentary thresholds based on activities in the laboratory. Agreement between developed sedentary thresholds during free-living and activPAL were assessed by Bland-Altman plots and by calculating sensitivity and specificity. Using laboratory data and ROC-curves showed similar classification accuracy for wrist and hip thresholds (Area under the curve = 0.84-0.92). Greatest sensitivity (97-98%) and specificity (74-78%) were observed for the wrist thresholds, with no large differences between brands. During free-living, Bland-Altman plots showed large mean individual biases and 95% limits of agreement compared with activPAL, with smallest difference for the ActiGraph wrist threshold in children (+30 min, P = 0.3). Sensitivity and specificity for the developed thresholds during free-living were low for both age groups and for wrist (Sensitivity, 68-88%, Specificity, 46-59%) and hip placements (Sensitivity, 89-97%, Specificity, 26-34%). Laboratory derived sedentary thresholds generally overestimate free-living sedentary time compared with activPAL. Wrist thresholds appear to perform better than hip thresholds for estimating free-living sedentary time in children and adults relative to activPAL, however, specificity for all the developed thresholds are low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hildebrand
- The Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørge H Hansen
- The Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ulf Ekelund
- The Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Zeka B, Hastermann M, Hochmeister S, Kögl N, Kaufmann N, Schanda K, Mader S, Misu T, Rommer P, Fujihara K, Illes Z, Leutmezer F, Sato DK, Nakashima I, Reindl M, Lassmann H, Bradl M. Highly encephalitogenic aquaporin 4-specific T cells and NMO-IgG jointly orchestrate lesion location and tissue damage in the CNS. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 130:783-98. [PMID: 26530185 PMCID: PMC4654751 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In neuromyelitis optica (NMO), astrocytes become targets for pathogenic aquaporin 4 (AQP4)-specific antibodies which gain access to the central nervous system (CNS) in the course of inflammatory processes. Since these antibodies belong to a T cell-dependent subgroup of immunoglobulins, and since NMO lesions contain activated CD4+ T cells, the question arose whether AQP4-specific T cells might not only provide T cell help for antibody production, but also play an important role in the induction of NMO lesions. We show here that highly pathogenic, AQP4-peptide-specific T cells exist in Lewis rats, which recognize AQP4268–285 as their specific antigen and cause severe panencephalitis. These T cells are re-activated behind the blood–brain barrier and deeply infiltrate the CNS parenchyma of the optic nerves, the brain, and the spinal cord, while T cells with other AQP4-peptide specificities are essentially confined to the meninges. Although AQP4268–285-specific T cells are found throughout the entire neuraxis, they have NMO-typical “hotspots” for infiltration, i.e. periventricular and periaqueductal regions, hypothalamus, medulla, the dorsal horns of spinal cord, and the optic nerves. Most remarkably, together with NMO-IgG, they initiate large astrocyte-destructive lesions which are located predominantly in spinal cord gray matter. We conclude that the processing of AQP4 by antigen presenting cells in Lewis rats produces a highly encephalitogenic AQP4 epitope (AQP4268–285), that T cells specific for this epitope are found in the immune repertoire of normal Lewis rats and can be readily expanded, and that AQP4268–285-specific T cells produce NMO-like lesions in the presence of NMO-IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bleranda Zeka
- Department for Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Hastermann
- Department for Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Hochmeister
- Department for Neurology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Kögl
- Department for Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nathalie Kaufmann
- Department for Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Schanda
- Clinical Department for Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone Mader
- Clinical Department for Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Paulus Rommer
- University Hospital for Neurology, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr Boulevard 29, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Fritz Leutmezer
- University Hospital for Neurology, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Douglas Kazutoshi Sato
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455-4th floor (sl 4110), 01246-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department for Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department for Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Bradl
- Department for Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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