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Murray RM, Sylvester BD, Sabiston CM, Doré I, Bélanger M. Does Participating in a Variety of Activities at a Variety of Locations or With Different People Predict Physical Activity Behavior Among Adolescents? The Mediating Role of Perceived Variety. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2024; 46:93-99. [PMID: 38479383 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2023-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We examine whether adolescents' participating in a variety of physical activities, locations, and/or with a variety of people relates to physical activity 16 months later and whether perceptions of variety mediate these relationships. Adolescents (N = 369) completed measures indicating various physical activities they participated in, where they primarily participated, and with whom they primarily participated, at three time points over a year (averaged for baseline measures). Perceptions of variety was measured 8 months later. Physical activity was measured 16 months after baseline. Mediation analyses tested perceptions of variety as a mediator of variety support and physical activity. Results indicated that variety of activities and variety of locations were indirectly associated with physical activity through perceptions of variety. Participating in a breadth of physical activities in a variety of locations during adolescence is positively associated with perceptions of variety, which relates to physical activity 16 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Murray
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin D Sylvester
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine M Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Doré
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal,QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bélanger
- Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB, Canada
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Murray RM, Doré I, Sabiston CM, Michael F, O'Loughlin JL. A time compositional analysis of the association between movement behaviors and indicators of mental health in young adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2598-2607. [PMID: 37635273 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity [PA], sedentary behaviors [SB], sleep) relate to mental health. Although movement behaviors are often analyzed as distinct entities, they are in fact highly inter-dependent (e.g., if an individual increases sleep, then PA and/or SB must be reduced) and these dependencies should be accounted for in the analysis. We tested whether perceptions of time spent in movement behaviors (i.e., moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA [MVPA], light physical activity [LPA], SB, and sleep) related to depressive symptoms and self-report mental health in young adults using a compositional analysis. We then estimated change in depressive symptoms with reallocation of time across movement behaviors using compositional time-reallocation models. METHODS Data were drawn from the longitudinal NDIT dataset. Complete data were available for 770 young adults (Mage = 20.3, 55% females). RESULTS The proportion of time spent in MVPA relative to other movement behaviors related to depressive symptoms non-significantly and to mental health significantly. Reallocating 15 min from MVPA to SB resulted in a significant (0.46 unit) increase in depressive symptoms, and reallocating 15 min of MVPA to LPA was associated with a (0.57) increase in depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION These results indicate the importance of relative time spent in each movement behavior to mental health. Further research should examine these associations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabelle Doré
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- CHUM Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Fady Michael
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer L O'Loughlin
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- CHUM Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Murray RM, Hartley C, Coffee P. Only my group will do: Evidence that social support protects athletes from burnout when they identify with those who provide it. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 69:102508. [PMID: 37665943 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Perceived availability of social support can reduce symptoms of burnout in athletes. As such, it is important to understand the circumstances under which perceived social support is most effective. Social influences such as strength of social identification with a particular group or identity are believed to play an important role in the provision and effectiveness of social support. Across two studies, we investigate whether social identification in a sport can strengthen the protective association between perceived social support and burnout. In Study 1, athletes completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of social support availability, social identification, and burnout. In Study 2, participants completed the same measures at systematic time points across a six-month timespan. In both studies, participants' levels of social identification moderated the association between perceived social support and burnout, whereby there was a stronger negative relationship between social support and burnout when participants reported higher levels of social identification in their sport. These results indicate that social identity may play an integral role in improving the efficacy of social support on burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Murray
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, United Kingdom.
| | - Chris Hartley
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Pete Coffee
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, United Kingdom
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Sánchez-Gutiérrez T, Rodríguez-Toscano E, Roldán L, Ferraro L, Parellada M, Calvo A, López G, Rapado-Castro M, La Barbera D, La Cascia C, Tripoli G, Di Forti M, Murray RM, Quattrone D, Morgan C, van Os J, García-Portilla P, Al-Halabí S, Bobes J, de Haan L, Bernardo M, Santos JL, Sanjuán J, Arrojo M, Ferchiou A, Szoke A, Rutten BP, Stilo S, D'Andrea G, Tarricone I, Díaz-Caneja CM, Arango C. Tobacco use in first-episode psychosis, a multinational EU-GEI study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7265-7276. [PMID: 37185055 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco is a highly prevalent substance of abuse in patients with psychosis. Previous studies have reported an association between tobacco use and schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between tobacco use and first-episode psychosis (FEP), age at onset of psychosis, and specific diagnosis of psychosis. METHODS The sample consisted of 1105 FEP patients and 1355 controls from the European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study. We assessed substance use with the Tobacco and Alcohol Questionnaire and performed a series of regression analyses using case-control status, age of onset of psychosis, and diagnosis as outcomes and tobacco use and frequency of tobacco use as predictors. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, alcohol, and cannabis use. RESULTS After controlling for cannabis use, FEP patients were 2.6 times more likely to use tobacco [p ⩽ 0.001; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.1-3.2]] and 1.7 times more likely to smoke 20 or more cigarettes a day (p = 0.003; AOR 1.7; 95% CI [1.2-2.4]) than controls. Tobacco use was associated with an earlier age at psychosis onset (β = -2.3; p ⩽ 0.001; 95% CI [-3.7 to -0.9]) and was 1.3 times more frequent in FEP patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia than in other diagnoses of psychosis (AOR 1.3; 95% CI [1.0-1.8]); however, these results were no longer significant after controlling for cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco and heavy-tobacco use are associated with increased odds of FEP. These findings further support the relevance of tobacco prevention in young populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - E Rodríguez-Toscano
- Grupo de investigación en Psiquiatría, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy at the Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Roldán
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), Psychiatry Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Parellada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Calvo
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - G López
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - M Rapado-Castro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, 161 Barry Street, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - D La Barbera
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), Psychiatry Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - C La Cascia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), Psychiatry Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Tripoli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), Psychiatry Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Di Forti
- Department of Social Genetics and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Mental Health Trust, London, UK
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Social Genetics and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Quattrone
- Department of Social Genetics and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Morgan
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J van Os
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P García-Portilla
- Department of Medicine-Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, ISPA, INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
| | - S Al-Halabí
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Bobes
- Department of Medicine-Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, ISPA, INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
| | - L de Haan
- Early Psychosis Department, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Academic Psychiatric Centre, Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic, Departament de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Servicio de Psiquiatría Hospital 'Virgen de la Luz', Cuenca, Spain
| | - J Sanjuán
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Arrojo
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Genetic Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Ferchiou
- Fondation FondaMental, Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
- AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires 'H. Mondor', DMU IMPACT, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - A Szoke
- Fondation FondaMental, Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
- AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires 'H. Mondor', DMU IMPACT, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - B P Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S Stilo
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASP Crotone, Crotone, Italy
| | - G D'Andrea
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - I Tarricone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C M Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Murray RM, Smith-Turchyn J, Vani MF, McDonough MH, Fong AJ, Mina DS, Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Trinh L, Jones JM, Bender JL, Culos-Reed SN, Tomasone JR, Sabiston CM. Matched and moving: exploring daily social support among women partnered for exercise after a breast cancer diagnosis. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:258. [PMID: 37043074 PMCID: PMC10091327 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07643-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise and social support are non-pharmacological strategies that improve health and wellbeing in women treated for breast cancer (WTBC). However, strategies to facilitate support and exercise in WTBC are typically resource intensive. The purpose of this study was to examine whether various forms of social support received from a matched peer were associated with increased exercise among WTBC. METHODS A daily diary study was conducted to examine naturally occurring social support as it relates to daily exercise behavior. Forty-six WTBC were matched (23 pairs) and completed pre-screening survey assessing eligibility and baseline levels of exercise. Participants were given Fitbit devices to track physical activity behavior and completed daily surveys across 3 weeks assessing perceptions of exercise-related social support at fixed times at the end of each day. RESULTS Mixed models accounting for day of study, baseline support, and baseline exercise levels revealed that higher levels of daily exercise-related tangible social support were associated with more daily steps (b = 506, SE = 143) and more light physical activity (LPA) minutes (b = 7.01, SE = 3.15). Informational social support was associated with higher moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) minutes (b = 3.18, SE = 1.60). CONCLUSIONS Overall, peer matching programs aimed at increasing exercise-related social support among WTBC might encourage exercise behaviors, especially among women who share exercise-specific information (e.g., benefits, type, activities).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Murray
- University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2W6, Canada
| | | | - Madison F Vani
- University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2W6, Canada
| | | | | | - Daniel Santa Mina
- University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2W6, Canada
| | | | - Linda Trinh
- University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2W6, Canada
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Gallant F, Murray RM, Sabiston CM, Bélanger M. Description of sport participation profiles and transitions across profiles during adolescence. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1824-1836. [PMID: 36049044 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2115223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Few studies describe sport participation profiles in the general population using multiple characteristics. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify sport participation profiles during adolescence and to describe transitions across profiles from grades 5 to 12 (age 10 to 18 years). We used data from 916 participants (55% girls; age 10-12 years at inception) of the Monitoring Activities of Teenagers to Comprehend their Habits (MATCH) study. Participants self-reported involvement in 36 organized and unorganized physical activities three times/year from grades 5 to 12 (24 data collection cycles; 2011-2018). At each school grade, we derived four categorical variables of sport involvement: number of organized sports, number of unorganized activities, weekly sessions, and number of year-round activities. To identify sport participation profiles, we used latent class analysis at each grade. To characterize transitions between sport participation profiles across grades, we used latent transition analysis. Five distinct sport participation profiles emerged: "non-participants", "unorganized activities only", "single-sport low frequency", "single sport high frequency", and "multi-sport". Only "multi-sport" participants were unlikely to be classified as "non-participants" over time. Encouraging multi-sport participation might help protect against later non-participation. This study helps identify important times to intervene for improving physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Gallant
- Départment de médecine de famille et médecine d'urgence, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de formation medicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Ross M Murray
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine M Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bélanger
- Départment de médecine de famille et médecine d'urgence, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de formation medicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Vitalité Health Network, Moncton, NB, Canada
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7
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Min A, Murray RM, den Houdyker T, Sabiston CM. Varsity athletes' fitness perceptions, fitness-related self-conscious emotions and depression when sidelined from play. J Am Coll Health 2022:1-6. [PMID: 35816748 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2098035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Explore the association between varsity athletes' fitness perceptions and symptoms of depression while sidelined from sport for an extended period, and test whether fitness-related self-conscious emotions (i.e., shame, guilt, authentic pride, and hubristic pride) mediate this relationship. PARTICIPANTS Varsity athletes (N = 124) from a large university in Canada where sports had been restricted for the past year due to the pandemic. METHOD Participants completed a cross-sectional self-report survey. Regression analyses testing mediation (i.e., direct and indirect effects) were used to explore the main research aim. RESULTS Controlling for age and gender, separate models demonstrated significant indirect effects of fitness perceptions on depression symptoms through shame, guilt, and authentic pride, but not through hubristic pride. CONCLUSION Self-conscious emotions may be used as a tool to mitigate depression symptoms when varsity athletes are sidelined from sport for an extended period. Further research is needed to understand how self-conscious emotions develop when athletes are injured or retired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Min
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, USA
| | - Ross M Murray
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, USA
| | - Tahla den Houdyker
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, USA
| | - Catherine M Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, USA
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Murray RM, Bora E, Modinos G, Vernon A. Schizophrenia: A developmental disorder with a risk of non-specific but avoidable decline. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:181-186. [PMID: 35390609 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The onset of schizophrenia is determined by biological and social risk factors operating predominantly during development. These result in subtle deviations in brain structure and cognitive function. Striatal dopamine dysregulation follows, causing abnormal salience and resultant psychotic symptoms. Most people diagnosed as having schizophrenia do not progressively deteriorate; many improve or recover. However, poor care can allow a cycle of deterioration to be established, stress increasing dopamine dysregulation, leading to more stress consequent on continuing psychotic experiences, and so further dopamine release. Additionally, long-term antipsychotics can induce dopamine supersensitivity with resultant relapse and eventually treatment resistance. Some patients suffer loss of social and cognitive function, but this is a consequence of the hazards that afflict the person with schizophrenia, not a direct consequence of genetic predisposition. Thus, brain health and cognition can be further impaired by chronic medication effects, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, obesity, poor diet, and lack of exercise; drug use, especially of tobacco and cannabis, are likely to contribute. Poverty, homelessness and poor nutrition which become the lot of some people with schizophrenia, can also affect cognition. Regrettably, the model of progressive deterioration provides psychiatry and its funders with an alibi for the effects of poor care.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - E Bora
- Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Izmir, Izmir, Turkey
| | - G Modinos
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - A Vernon
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Murray RM, Sabiston CM. Understanding Relationships Between Social Identity, Sport Enjoyment, and Dropout in Adolescent Girl Athletes. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2022; 44:62-66. [PMID: 34808595 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sport team social environment plays an important role in athletes' experiences, including their enjoyment of sport, and these experiences may influence athletes' decision to continue or dropout of sport. In the current study, enjoyment was examined as a mediator of the relationship between social identity and sport dropout. Adolescent girls (N = 150) who participated on a community sports team completed a questionnaire assessing social identity with their team and enjoyment of sport, and their sport participation status was measured 1 year later. Controlling for age and socioeconomic position, a path model showed that enjoyment mediated the relationship between social identity and sport dropout, bootstrapped unstandardized indirect effect = -0.04, 95% confidence interval [-0.08, -0.01]; p < .01. Fostering social identity with one's sport team may contribute to greater enjoyment of sport and reductions in sport dropout in adolescent girls.
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Murray RM, Koulanova A, Sabiston CM. Understanding Girls' Motivation to Participate in Sport: The Effects of Social Identity and Physical Self-Concept. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 3:787334. [PMID: 35088047 PMCID: PMC8787279 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.787334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Girls are often less motivated to participate in community sport compared to boys. Having a strong social identity with a sports team is positively associated with motivation to continue participation in sport, yet the mechanisms explaining this association are not well-known. In the current study, physical self-concept is tested as a mediator of the association between social identity and motivation. Method: Girl badminton athletes were recruited to examine how the team environment shapes physical self-concept, and whether this association relates to motivation to participate in sport. Ninety-two girls completed a self-report survey to measure social identity, physical self-perceptions, and motivation. Two mediation models were conducted to examine whether physical self-concept mediated the relationship between social identity and autonomous motivation and controlled motivation. Results: Physical self-concept partially mediated the relationship between social identity and autonomous motivation. The bootstrapped unstandardized indirect effect was, b = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.002 to.14. Physical self-concept fully mediated the relationship between social identity and controlled motivation. The bootstrapped unstandardized indirect effect was, b = −0.13, 95% CI = −0.30 to −0.01, p = 0.04. Discussion: These results highlight the importance of the group context in relation to individual physical self-concept and motivation. Overall, targeting aspects of the team environment in community-level sport may be an important strategy to improve girls' physical self-concept, and autonomous motivation to continue sport participation.
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Pigoni A, Dwyer D, Squarcina L, Borgwardt S, Crespo-Facorro B, Dazzan P, Smesny S, Spaniel F, Spalletta G, Sanfelici R, Antonucci LA, Reuf A, Oeztuerk OF, Schmidt A, Ciufolini S, Schönborn-Harrisberger F, Langbein K, Gussew A, Reichenbach JR, Zaytseva Y, Piras F, Delvecchio G, Bellani M, Ruggeri M, Lasalvia A, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Ortiz V, Murray RM, Reis-Marques T, Di Forti M, Koutsouleris N, Brambilla P. Classification of first-episode psychosis using cortical thickness: A large multicenter MRI study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 47:34-47. [PMID: 33957410 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning classifications of first-episode psychosis (FEP) using neuroimaging have predominantly analyzed brain volumes. Some studies examined cortical thickness, but most of them have used parcellation approaches with data from single sites, which limits claims of generalizability. To address these limitations, we conducted a large-scale, multi-site analysis of cortical thickness comparing parcellations and vertex-wise approaches. By leveraging the multi-site nature of the study, we further investigated how different demographical and site-dependent variables affected predictions. Finally, we assessed relationships between predictions and clinical variables. 428 subjects (147 females, mean age 27.14) with FEP and 448 (230 females, mean age 27.06) healthy controls were enrolled in 8 centers by the ClassiFEP group. All subjects underwent a structural MRI and were clinically assessed. Cortical thickness parcellation (68 areas) and full cortical maps (20,484 vertices) were extracted. Linear Support Vector Machine was used for classification within a repeated nested cross-validation framework. Vertex-wise thickness maps outperformed parcellation-based methods with a balanced accuracy of 66.2% and an Area Under the Curve of 72%. By stratifying our sample for MRI scanner, we increased generalizability across sites. Temporal brain areas resulted as the most influential in the classification. The predictive decision scores significantly correlated with age at onset, duration of treatment, and positive symptoms. In conclusion, although far from the threshold of clinical relevance, temporal cortical thickness proved to classify between FEP subjects and healthy individuals. The assessment of site-dependent variables permitted an increase in the across-site generalizability, thus attempting to address an important machine learning limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pigoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - D Dwyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - L Squarcina
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - S Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - B Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain; University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla-IBiS, CIBERSAM, Sevilla, Spain
| | - P Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - S Smesny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - F Spaniel
- Department of Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany Czechia
| | - G Spalletta
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - R Sanfelici
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany; Max Planck School of Cognition, Stephanstrasse 1a, Leipzig, Germany
| | - L A Antonucci
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany; Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - A Reuf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Oe F Oeztuerk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - A Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Ciufolini
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | | | - K Langbein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - A Gussew
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - J R Reichenbach
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Y Zaytseva
- Department of Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany Czechia
| | - F Piras
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - G Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Italy; UOC of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) of Verona, Italy
| | - M Ruggeri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Italy; UOC of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) of Verona, Italy
| | - A Lasalvia
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Italy; UOC of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) of Verona, Italy
| | - D Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radiology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Spain
| | - V Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - T Reis-Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - M Di Forti
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - N Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - P Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Jauhar S, Lai S, Bonoldi I, Salazar de Pablo G, di Forti M, Alameda L, Donocik J, Iacoponi E, Spencer T, Haege B, McLaughlan D, Taylor D, Young AH, Thornicroft G, Gaughran F, MacCabe JH, Murray RM, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P. Early intervention in psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: Maudsley recommendations. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 47:130-135. [PMID: 33642195 PMCID: PMC8640608 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Jauhar
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; COAST service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Lai
- COAST service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - I Bonoldi
- TREAT service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Salazar de Pablo
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M di Forti
- LEO service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Social Genetics and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Alameda
- LEO service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Donocik
- LEIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Iacoponi
- LEO service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Spencer
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; OASIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - B Haege
- STEP service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - D McLaughlan
- LEO Ward, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Taylor
- Pharmacy and Pathology, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Thornicroft
- LEO service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - F Gaughran
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; National Psychosis Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - J H MacCabe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; National Psychosis Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - P McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; OASIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Murray RM, Sabiston CM, Doré I, Bélanger M, O'Loughlin JL. Longitudinal associations between team sport participation and substance use in adolescents and young adults. Addict Behav 2021; 116:106798. [PMID: 33472137 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Team sport participation contributes to positive outcomes, including increased physical activity, better mental health, and enhanced social engagement. However, longitudinal studies show that team sport participation during adolescence is also associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits, including harmful substance use behaviors. Our objectives were to examine these associations in an adolescent sample, assess differences between sexes, examine the association by sport type, and investigate whether associations carry into young adulthood. METHOD Over five years of high school participants reported team sport participation, smoking status, and frequency of alcohol use, three years post-high school participants reported the same behaviors as well as marijuana use. RESULTS Regression analyses accounting for individual clustering revealed that participation in team sport during high school was associated with an increased likelihood of current smoking in males and more frequent drinking in both sexes during adolescence. These relationships were strongest in individuals who participated in football. Further analyses revealed that team sport participation in high school was associated with an increased likelihood of more frequent binge drinking in young adulthood; however, team sport participation in young adulthood was associated with a decrease in the likelihood of cigarette smoking and marijuana use in young adulthood. CONCLUSION Overall, results confirm that team sport participation in adolescence is positively associated with substance use in adolescence, and this association differs by sex. However, team sport participation in young adulthood is negatively associated with harmful substance use. Further research is needed to understand if these trends generalize beyond White adolescents and young adults.
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Murray RM, Sabiston CM, Doré I, Bélanger M, O'Loughlin JL. Association between pattern of team sport participation from adolescence to young adulthood and mental health. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1481-1488. [PMID: 33749036 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We examined relationships between pattern of team sport participation during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood (ie, non-participants, initiators, discontinuers, sustainers) and indicators of mental health. Data on team sport participation and mental health from high school to young adulthood were drawn from the longitudinal NDIT study. After controlling for demographics, physical activity, and previous mental health, one-way MANCOVA and ANCOVAs indicated that pattern of team sport participation was associated with stress, F(2,706) =8.28, p < .01, and coping, F(2,706) = 10.66, p < .01 in young adulthood. Compared to non-participants (24% of sample) or those who discontinued team sport after adolescence (51%), individuals who sustained team sport participation from adolescence to young adulthood (22%) reported lower stress and better coping levels. Bivariate regression analysis indicated that, compared to non-participants, team sport sustainers were less likely to experience panic disorder symptoms (OR =0.57, 95% CI [0.34, 0.94], p = .03). There were too few team sport initiators (2%) to be included in analyses. Sustained team sport participation during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood may promote better mental health. Further research is needed to ascertain causality and develop strategies to encourage individuals to join sport teams during adolescence and sustain participation while transitioning to young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabelle Doré
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,CHUM Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer L O'Loughlin
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,CHUM Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Murray RM, Mondelli V, Stilo SA, Trotta A, Sideli L, Ajnakina O, Ferraro L, Vassos E, Iyegbe C, Schoeler T, Bhattacharyya S, Marques TR, Dazzan P, Lopez-Morinigo J, Colizzi M, O'Connor J, Falcone MA, Quattrone D, Rodriguez V, Tripoli G, La Barbera D, La Cascia C, Alameda L, Trotta G, Morgan C, Gaughran F, David A, Di Forti M. The influence of risk factors on the onset and outcome of psychosis: What we learned from the GAP study. Schizophr Res 2020; 225:63-68. [PMID: 32037203 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The GAP multidisciplinary study carried out in South London, recruited 410 first episode of psychosis patients and 370 controls; the aim was to elucidate the multiple genetic and environmental factors influencing the onset and outcome of psychosis. The study demonstrated the risk increasing effect of adversity in childhood (especially parental loss, abuse, and bullying) on onset of psychosis especially positive symptoms. Adverse life events more proximal to onset, being from an ethnic minority, and cannabis use also played important roles; indeed, one quarter of new cases of psychosis could be attributed to use of high potency cannabis. The "jumping to conclusions" bias appeared to mediate the effect of lower IQ on vulnerability to psychosis. We confirmed that environmental factors operate on the background of polygenic risk, and that genetic and environment act together to push individuals over the threshold for manifesting the clinical disorder. The study demonstrated how biological pathways involved in the stress response (HPA axis and immune system) provide important mechanisms linking social risk factors to the development of psychotic symptoms. Further evidence implicating an immune/inflammatory component to psychosis came from our finding of complement dysregulation in FEP. Patients also showed an upregulation of the antimicrobial alpha-defensins, as well as differences in expression patterns of genes involved in NF-κB signaling and Cytokine Production. Being of African origin not only increased risk of onset but also of a more difficult course of illness. The malign effect of childhood adversity predicted a poorer outcome as did continued use of high potency cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - V Mondelli
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S A Stilo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Trotta
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L Sideli
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - O Ajnakina
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L Ferraro
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Vassos
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Iyegbe
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T Schoeler
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T R Marques
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Dazzan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Lopez-Morinigo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Colizzi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J O'Connor
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neuropsychology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - M A Falcone
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Quattrone
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - V Rodriguez
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Tripoli
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - D La Barbera
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - C La Cascia
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - L Alameda
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Trotta
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - C Morgan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F Gaughran
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A David
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Di Forti
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Murray RM, Dugdale JH, Habeeb CM, Arthur CA. Transformational parenting and coaching on mental toughness and physical performance in adolescent soccer players: The moderating effect of athlete age. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:580-589. [PMID: 32449498 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1765027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Both parent and coach leadership behaviours are instrumental to adolescent athlete development. Researchers, however, are yet to examine parent and coach leadership influences simultaneously, and at different stages of adolescents' psychological and physical development. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand if the effects of transformational parenting, and transformational coaching on mental toughness and performance varied at different ages during adolescence. Early adolescent (ages 10-14) and late adolescent (ages 15-18) soccer players (n = 334) completed questionnaires assessing their perceptions of their mother's, father's, and coach's transformational leadership, as well as a questionnaire assessing mental toughness. Participants also completed a comprehensive battery of physical fitness tests relevant to soccer. Results indicated that transformational fathering was more strongly associated with levels of mental toughness for early adolescent athletes than it was for later adolescent athletes. Results also indicated that transformational coaching was more strongly associated with physical performance for later adolescent athletes than it was for early adolescents. Overall, these results can inform development models and provide support for future longitudinal studies to assess the impact of parent and coach transformational leadership across different stages of athlete development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Murray
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James H Dugdale
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United kingdom
| | - Christine M Habeeb
- College of Human Health and Performance, East Carolina University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Calum A Arthur
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United kingdom
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Walshe M, McDonald C, Taylor M, Zhao J, Sham P, Grech A, Schulze K, Bramon E, Murray RM. Obstetric complications in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 20:28-34. [PMID: 15642440 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2003] [Accepted: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveWe sought to explore whether obstetric complications (OCs) are more likely to occur in the presence of familial/genetic susceptibility for schizophrenia or whether they themselves represent an independent environmental risk factor for schizophrenia.MethodsThe presence of OCs was assessed through maternal interview on 216 subjects, comprising 36 patients with schizophrenia from multiply affected families, 38 of their unaffected siblings, 31 schizophrenic patients with no family history of psychosis, 51 of their unaffected siblings and 60 normal comparison subjects. We examined the familiality of OCs and whether OCs were commoner in the patient and sibling groups than in the control group.ResultsOCs tended to cluster within families, especially in multiply affected families. Patients with schizophrenia, especially those from multiply affected families, had a significantly higher rate of OCs compared to normal comparison subjects, but there was no evidence for an elevated rate of OCs in unaffected siblings.ConclusionOur data provides little evidence for a link between OCs and genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia. If high rates of OCs are related to schizophrenia genes, this relationship is weak and will only be detected by very large sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Walshe
- Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
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van Os J, Wright P, Murray RM. Follow-up studies of schizophrenia I: Natural history and non-psychopathological predictors of outcome. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 12 Suppl 5:327s-41s. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(97)83576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryTreatment-resistant schizophrenia does not exist as a discrete entity, so separating patients who will fail to respond to traditional antipsychotics from those who will respond is impossible with 100% accuracy. However, several predictors of poor clinical outcome have emerged from recent research and knowledge of the processes that lead to poor outcome has become increasingly important with the advent of atypical antipsychotics that may be used in patients with treatment-resistant illness. Much of the variation in outcome can be understood in terms of differences in sample selection, outcome definition and stringency of the diagnostic criteria used. Failure to appreciate these mechanisms may lead to over- or underestimation of the proportion of patients with poor treatment response in clinical and research settings. The importance of factors that predict poor outcome should be judged in terms of their effect size and the degree to which alternative explanations for the association with outcome have been excluded. Although much current research is being focused on specific biological predictors, baseline demographic and illness-related factors, such as ethnic group, sex, social class, type of onset, age of onset and concurrent misuse of alcohol or drugs, have large effects on outcome. Although duration of untreated psychosis before first contact with services may independently predict poor outcome, confounding by variables that are associated with both pathways to care and clinical outcome has not been excluded.
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Bramon E, Dempster E, Frangou S, McDonald C, Schoenberg P, MacCabe JH, Walshe M, Sham P, Collier D, Murray RM. Is there an association between the COMT gene and P300 endophenotypes? Eur Psychiatry 2020; 21:70-3. [PMID: 16414251 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractP300 wave anomalies correlate with genetic risk for schizophrenia and constitute a plausible endophenotype for the disease. The COMT gene is thought to influence cognitive performance and to be a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Unlike two previous studies, we found no significant influence of the COMT gene on P300 amplitude or latency in 189 individuals examined. The well-supported role of the COMT gene both in dopamine catabolism as well as in prefrontal cognition makes a strong theoretical case for the influence of COMT Val158Met polymorphism on P300 endophenotypes. However, the available neurophysiologic evidence suggests that any such association, if present, must be very subtle.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bramon
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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Lappin JM, Heslin M, Lomas B, Jones PB, Doody GA, Reininghaus UA, Croudace T, Craig T, Fearon P, Murray RM, Dazzan P, Morgan C. Early sustained recovery following first episode psychosis: Evidence from the AESOP10 follow-up study. Schizophr Res 2018; 199:341-345. [PMID: 29571751 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the characteristics of individuals with early sustained recovery following first episode psychosis. METHODS Individuals with a first episode psychosis were followed-up for ten years. Comparisons were made between those with Early Sustained Recovery and those with Other Course types. RESULTS Of 345 individuals, n=43 (12.5%) had Early Sustained Recovery. They were more likely than those with Other Course types to be female (OR=2.45; 95% CI: 1.25-4.81); employed (OR=2.39; 95% CI: 1.22-4.69); in a relationship (OR=2.68; 95% CI: 1.35-5.32); have a short DUP (OR=2.86; 95% CI: 1.37-5.88); and have a diagnosis other than schizophrenia, particularly mania (OR=6.39; 95% CI: 2.52-16.18) or brief psychosis (OR=3.64; 95% CI: 1.10-12.10). CONCLUSIONS Sustained recovery from first episode psychosis occurs in a minority.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lappin
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - M Heslin
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - B Lomas
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - P B Jones
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G A Doody
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - U A Reininghaus
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
| | | | - T Craig
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | | | - R M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - P Dazzan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - C Morgan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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21
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Scheffler F, Kilian S, Chiliza B, Asmal L, Phahladira L, du Plessis S, Kidd M, Murray RM, Di Forti M, Seedat S, Emsley R. Effects of cannabis use on body mass, fasting glucose and lipids during the first 12 months of treatment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res 2018. [PMID: 29519756 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
While acute cannabis use stimulates appetite, general population studies suggest that chronic use is associated with reduced risk of obesity and other cardiometabolic risk factors. In this study we investigated changes in body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose and lipids, and rates of metabolic syndrome risk factors in cannabis users vs. non-users in 109 minimally treated patients with first-episode schizophrenia, schizophreniform or schizo-affective disorder who were treated according to a standardized treatment regime with depot antipsychotic medication over 12 months. Participants underwent repeated urine toxicology tests for cannabis and those testing positive at any time during the study (n = 40), were compared with those who tested negative at all time points (n = 69). There was a significant group*time interaction effect (p = 0.002) with the cannabis negative group showing a greater increase in BMI than the cannabis positive group, after adjusting for age, sex, methamphetamine use and modal dose of antipsychotic. There were no group*time interaction effects for fasting blood glucose or lipids. Post hoc tests indicated significant increases in fasting blood glucose and triglycerides and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for the cannabis negative group, with no significant changes in the cannabis positive group. Rates of metabolic syndrome did not differ significantly between groups, although more cannabis negative patients had elevated waist-circumference at endpoint (p = 0.003). It may be that chronic cannabis use directly suppresses appetite, thereby preventing weight gain in users. However, other indirect effects such as dietary neglect and smoking may be contributory and could explain our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scheffler
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
| | - S Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - B Chiliza
- Centre for Statistical Consultation, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - L Asmal
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - L Phahladira
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - S du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - M Kidd
- Centre for Statistical Consultation, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Di Forti
- Department of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - R Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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22
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Bhavsar V, Jauhar S, Murray RM, Hotopf M, Hatch SL, McNeill A, Boydell J, MacCabe JH. Tobacco smoking is associated with psychotic experiences in the general population of South London. Psychol Med 2018; 48:123-131. [PMID: 28655360 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between cigarette smoking and psychosis remains unexplained, but could relate to causal effects in both directions, confounding by socioeconomic factors, such as ethnicity, or use of other substances, including cannabis. Few studies have evaluated the association between cigarettes and psychotic experiences (PEs) in diverse, inner-city populations, or relationships with number of cigarettes consumed. METHODS We assessed associations and dose-response relationships between cigarette smoking and PEs in a cross-sectional survey of household residents (n = 1680) in South East London, using logistic regression to adjust for cannabis use, other illicit substances, and socioeconomic factors, including ethnicity. RESULTS We found association between any PEs and daily cigarette smoking, which remained following adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, cannabis and use of illicit stimulant drugs (fully adjusted odds ratio 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.15). Fully adjusted estimates for the association, and with number of PEs, increased with number of cigarettes smoked daily, implying a dose-response effect (p = 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Odds of reporting any PEs in ex-smokers were similar to never-smokers. CONCLUSIONS In this diverse epidemiological sample, association between smoking and PEs was not explained by confounders such as cannabis or illicit drugs. Daily cigarette consumption showed a dose-response relationship with the odds of reporting PEs, and of reporting a greater number of PEs. There was no difference in odds of reporting PEs between ex-smokers and never-smokers, raising the possibility that the increase in PEs associated with smoking may be reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bhavsar
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London
| | - S Jauhar
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London
| | - M Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London
| | - S L Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London
| | - A McNeill
- National Addictions Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience and UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, King's College London,London
| | - J Boydell
- Cornwall Partnership Foundation NHS Trust,Cornwall
| | - J H MacCabe
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London
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23
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Demjaha A, Lappin JM, Stahl D, Patel MX, MacCabe JH, Howes OD, Heslin M, Reininghaus UA, Donoghue K, Lomas B, Charalambides M, Onyejiaka A, Fearon P, Jones P, Doody G, Morgan C, Dazzan P, Murray RM. Antipsychotic treatment resistance in first-episode psychosis: prevalence, subtypes and predictors. Psychol Med 2017; 47:1981-1989. [PMID: 28395674 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined longitudinally the course and predictors of treatment resistance in a large cohort of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients from initiation of antipsychotic treatment. We hypothesized that antipsychotic treatment resistance is: (a) present at illness onset; and (b) differentially associated with clinical and demographic factors. METHOD The study sample comprised 323 FEP patients who were studied at first contact and at 10-year follow-up. We collated clinical information on severity of symptoms, antipsychotic medication and treatment adherence during the follow-up period to determine the presence, course and predictors of treatment resistance. RESULTS From the 23% of the patients, who were treatment resistant, 84% were treatment resistant from illness onset. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that diagnosis of schizophrenia, negative symptoms, younger age at onset, and longer duration of untreated psychosis predicted treatment resistance from illness onset. CONCLUSIONS The striking majority of treatment-resistant patients do not respond to first-line antipsychotic treatment even at time of FEP. Clinicians must be alert to this subgroup of patients and consider clozapine treatment as early as possible during the first presentation of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Demjaha
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - J M Lappin
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW,Australia
| | - D Stahl
- Department of Biostatistics,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - M X Patel
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - J H MacCabe
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - O D Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - M Heslin
- Health Service and Population Research Department,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - U A Reininghaus
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - K Donoghue
- Addictions Department,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - B Lomas
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - M Charalambides
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - A Onyejiaka
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - P Fearon
- Department of Psychiatry,Trinity College,Dublin, Republic ofIreland
| | - P Jones
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK
| | - G Doody
- Division of Psychiatry,University of Nottingham,Nottingham,UK
| | - C Morgan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - P Dazzan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - R M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
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24
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Murray RM, Englund A, Abi-Dargham A, Lewis DA, Di Forti M, Davies C, Sherif M, McGuire P, D'Souza DC. Cannabis-associated psychosis: Neural substrate and clinical impact. Neuropharmacology 2017. [PMID: 28634109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prospective epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that cannabis use is associated with an increased subsequent risk of both psychotic symptoms and schizophrenia-like psychoses. Early onset of use, daily use of high-potency cannabis, and synthetic cannabinoids carry the greatest risk. The risk-increasing effects are not explained by shared genetic predisposition between schizophrenia and cannabis use. Experimental studies in healthy humans show that cannabis and its active ingredient, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can produce transient, dose-dependent, psychotic symptoms, as well as an array of psychosis-relevant behavioral, cognitive and psychophysiological effects; the psychotogenic effects can be ameliorated by cannabidiol (CBD). Findings from structural imaging studies in cannabis users have been inconsistent but functional MRI studies have linked the psychotomimetic and cognitive effects of THC to activation in brain regions implicated in psychosis. Human PET studies have shown that acute administration of THC weakly releases dopamine in the striatum but that chronic users are characterised by low striatal dopamine. We are beginning to understand how cannabis use impacts on the endocannabinoid system but there is much still to learn about the biological mechanisms underlying how cannabis increases risk of psychosis. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "A New Dawn in Cannabinoid Neurobiology".
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK.
| | - A Englund
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - A Abi-Dargham
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
| | - D A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - M Di Forti
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - C Davies
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - M Sherif
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CT, USA
| | - P McGuire
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - D C D'Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CT, USA
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25
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Lally J, Ajnakina O, Di Forti M, Trotta A, Demjaha A, Kolliakou A, Mondelli V, Reis Marques T, Pariante C, Dazzan P, Shergil SS, Howes OD, David AS, MacCabe JH, Gaughran F, Murray RM. Two distinct patterns of treatment resistance: clinical predictors of treatment resistance in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum psychoses. Psychol Med 2016; 46:3231-3240. [PMID: 27605254 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clozapine remains the only evidence-based antipsychotic for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). The ability to predict which patients with their first onset of schizophrenia would subsequently meet criteria for treatment resistance (TR) could help to diminish the severe functional disability which may ensue if TR is not recognized and correctly treated. METHOD This is a 5-year longitudinal assessment of clinical outcomes in a cohort of 246 first-episode schizophrenia spectrum patients recruited as part of the NIHR Genetics and Psychosis (GAP) study conducted in South London from 2005 to 2010. We examined the relationship between baseline demographic and clinical measures and the emergence of TR. TR status was determined from a review of electronic case records. We assessed for associations with early-, and late-onset TR, and non-TR, and differences between those TR patients treated with clozapine and those who were not. RESULTS Seventy per cent (n = 56) of TR patients, and 23% of the total study population (n = 246) were treatment resistant from illness onset. Those who met criteria for TR during the first 5 years of illness were more likely to have an early age of first contact for psychosis (<20 years) [odds ratio (OR) 2.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-4.94] compared to those with non-TR. The relationship between an early age of first contact (<20 years) and TR was significant in patients of Black ethnicity (OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.44-9.56); and patients of male gender (OR 3.13 95% CI 1.35-7.23). CONCLUSIONS For the majority of the TR group, antipsychotic TR is present from illness onset, necessitating increased consideration for the earlier use of clozapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lally
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London,London,UK
| | - O Ajnakina
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London,London,UK
| | - M Di Forti
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - A Trotta
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London,London,UK
| | - A Demjaha
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London,London,UK
| | - A Kolliakou
- Department of Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London,UK
| | - V Mondelli
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London,UK
| | - T Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London,London,UK
| | - C Pariante
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London,UK
| | - P Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London,London,UK
| | - S S Shergil
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London,London,UK
| | - O D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London,London,UK
| | - A S David
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London,London,UK
| | - J H MacCabe
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London,London,UK
| | - F Gaughran
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London,London,UK
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London,London,UK
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26
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Petros N, Foglia E, Klamerus E, Beards S, Murray RM, Bhattacharyya S. Impact of childhood trauma on risk of relapse requiring psychiatric hospital admission for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 2016; 209:169-70. [PMID: 27151070 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.115.176636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Relapse in psychosis typically necessitates admission to hospital placing a significant financial burden on the health service. Exposure to childhood trauma is associated with an increased risk of psychosis, however, the extent to which this influences relapse is unclear. This report summarises current research investigating the influence of childhood trauma on relapse requiring psychiatric hospital admission for psychosis. Seven studies were included; two revealed a positive association between childhood trauma and relapse admission, two studies found a negative relationship and three found no significant difference. Inconsistent current evidence suggests a need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Petros
- Natalia Petros, MSc, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London; Enrico Foglia, BSc, Ewa Klamerus, BSc, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London; Stephanie Beards, PhD, Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London; Robin M. Murray, MD, FRCPsych, Sagnik Bhattacharyya, MD, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Foglia
- Natalia Petros, MSc, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London; Enrico Foglia, BSc, Ewa Klamerus, BSc, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London; Stephanie Beards, PhD, Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London; Robin M. Murray, MD, FRCPsych, Sagnik Bhattacharyya, MD, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Klamerus
- Natalia Petros, MSc, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London; Enrico Foglia, BSc, Ewa Klamerus, BSc, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London; Stephanie Beards, PhD, Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London; Robin M. Murray, MD, FRCPsych, Sagnik Bhattacharyya, MD, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Beards
- Natalia Petros, MSc, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London; Enrico Foglia, BSc, Ewa Klamerus, BSc, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London; Stephanie Beards, PhD, Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London; Robin M. Murray, MD, FRCPsych, Sagnik Bhattacharyya, MD, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R M Murray
- Natalia Petros, MSc, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London; Enrico Foglia, BSc, Ewa Klamerus, BSc, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London; Stephanie Beards, PhD, Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London; Robin M. Murray, MD, FRCPsych, Sagnik Bhattacharyya, MD, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Natalia Petros, MSc, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London; Enrico Foglia, BSc, Ewa Klamerus, BSc, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London; Stephanie Beards, PhD, Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London; Robin M. Murray, MD, FRCPsych, Sagnik Bhattacharyya, MD, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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27
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Morgan C, John S, Esan O, Hibben M, Patel V, Weiss H, Murray RM, Hutchinson G, Gureje O, Thara R, Cohen A. The incidence of psychoses in diverse settings, INTREPID (2): a feasibility study in India, Nigeria, and Trinidad. Psychol Med 2016; 46:1923-1933. [PMID: 27019301 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are striking global inequities in our knowledge of the incidence, aetiology, and outcome of psychotic disorders. For example, only around 10% of research on incidence of psychotic disorders originates in low- and middle-income countries. We established INTREPID I to develop, implement, and evaluate, in sites in India (Chengalpet), Nigeria (Ibadan), and Trinidad (Tunapuna-Piarco), methods for identifying and recruiting untreated cases of psychosis, as a basis for investigating incidence and, subsequently, risk factors, phenomenology, and outcome. In this paper, we compare case characteristics and incidence rates across the sites. METHOD In each site, to identify untreated cases of psychoses in defined catchment areas, we established case detection systems comprising mental health services, traditional and spiritual healers, and key informants. RESULTS Rates of all untreated psychoses were 45.9 (per 1 00 000 person-years) in Chengalpet, 31.2 in Ibadan, and 36.9 in Tunapuna-Piarco. Duration of psychosis prior to detection was substantially longer in Chengalpet (median 232 weeks) than in Ibadan (median 13 weeks) and Tunapuna-Piarco (median 38 weeks). When analyses were restricted to cases with a short duration (i.e. onset within preceding 2 years) only, rates were 15.5 in Chengalpet, 29.1 in Ibadan, and 26.5 in Tunapuna-Piarco. Further, there was evidence of age and sex differences across sites, with an older average age of onset in Chengalpet and higher rates among women in Ibadan. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest there may be differences in rates of psychoses and in the clinical and demographic profiles of cases across economically and socially distinct settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morgan
- Health Service and Population Research Department,Society and Mental Health Research Group,Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health,Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London,UK
| | - S John
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation,Chennai,India
| | - O Esan
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Ibadan,Nigeria
| | - M Hibben
- Department of Psychiatry,University of the West Indies,Trinidad
| | - V Patel
- Department of Population Health,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,London,UK
| | - H Weiss
- Department of Population Health,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,London,UK
| | - R M Murray
- Health Service and Population Research Department,Society and Mental Health Research Group,Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health,Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London,UK
| | - G Hutchinson
- Department of Psychiatry,University of the West Indies,Trinidad
| | - O Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Ibadan,Nigeria
| | - R Thara
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation,Chennai,India
| | - A Cohen
- Department of Population Health,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,London,UK
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28
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Bianconi F, Bonomo M, Marconi A, Kolliakou A, Stilo SA, Iyegbe C, Gurillo Muñoz P, Homayoun S, Mondelli V, Luzi S, Dazzan P, Prata D, La Cascia C, O'Connor J, David A, Morgan C, Murray RM, Lynskey M, Di Forti M. Differences in cannabis-related experiences between patients with a first episode of psychosis and controls. Psychol Med 2016; 46:995-1003. [PMID: 26670601 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715002494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported that cannabis use increases the risk of a first episode of psychosis (FEP). However, only a few studies have investigated the nature of cannabis-related experiences in FEP patients, and none has examined whether these experiences are similar in FEP and general populations. The aim of this study was to explore differences in self-reported cannabis experiences between FEP and non-psychotic populations. METHOD A total of 252 subjects, who met International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria for FEP, and 217 controls who reported cannabis use were selected from the Genetics and Psychosis (GAP) study. The Medical Research Council Social Schedule and the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire were used to collect sociodemographic data and cannabis use information, respectively. RESULTS Both 'bad' and 'enjoyable' experiences were more commonly reported by FEP subjects than controls. Principal components factor analysis identified four components which explained 62.3% of the variance. Linear regression analysis on the whole sample showed that the type of cannabis used and beliefs about the effect of cannabis on health all contributed to determining the intensity and frequency of experiences. Linear regression analysis on FEP subjects showed that the duration of cannabis use and amount of money spent on cannabis were strongly related to the intensity and frequency of enjoyable experiences in this population. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a higher sensitivity to cannabis effects among people who have suffered their first psychotic episode; this hypersensitivity results in them reporting both more 'bad' and 'enjoyable' experiences. The greater enjoyment experienced may provide an explanation of why FEP patients are more likely to use cannabis and to continue to use it despite experiencing an exacerbation of their psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bianconi
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - M Bonomo
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - A Marconi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry,'Sapienza' University of Rome,Rome,Italy
| | - A Kolliakou
- Biomedical Research Centre Nucleus,King's College London,London,UK
| | - S A Stilo
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - C Iyegbe
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | | | - S Homayoun
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - V Mondelli
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - S Luzi
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - P Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - D Prata
- Department of Neuroimaging,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - C La Cascia
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience,University of Palermo,Palermo,Italy
| | - J O'Connor
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - A David
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - C Morgan
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - M Lynskey
- Addiction Department,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - M Di Forti
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
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Heslin M, Desai R, Lappin JM, Donoghue K, Lomas B, Reininghaus U, Onyejiaka A, Croudace T, Jones PB, Murray RM, Fearon P, Doody GA, Dazzan P, Fisher HL, Demjaha A, Craig T, Morgan C. Biological and psychosocial risk factors for psychotic major depression. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:233-45. [PMID: 26520449 PMCID: PMC4748002 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Few studies have investigated risk factors for psychotic major depression (PMD). We aimed to investigate the biological and psychosocial risk factors associated with PMD compared with other psychotic disorders. METHODS Based on the aetiology and ethnicity in schizophrenia and other psychoses (ÆSOP) study, we used a case-control study to identify and recruit, at baseline and 10-year follow-up, all first episode cases of psychosis, presenting for the first time to specialist mental health services in defined catchment areas in the UK. Population-based controls were recruited from the same areas. Data were collected on: sociodemographics; social isolation; childhood adversity; life events; minor physical anomalies; and neurological soft signs. RESULTS Living alone (aOR = 2.26, CI = 1.21-4.23), basic level qualification (aOR = 2.89, CI = 1.08-7.74), being unemployed (aOR = 2.12, CI = 1.13-3.96), having contact with friends less than monthly (aOR = 4.24, CI = 1.62-11.14), having no close confidants (aOR = 4.71, CI = 2.08-10.68), having experienced childhood adversity (aOR = 2.57, CI = 1.02-6.44), family history of mental illness (aOR = 10.68, CI = 5.06-22.52), family history of psychosis (aOR = 12.85, CI = 5.24-31.51), and having more neurological soft signs (aOR = 1.15, CI = 1.07-1.24) were all associated with a follow-up diagnosis of PMD and schizophrenia. Few variables associated with PMD were also associated with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Minor physical anomalies were associated with a follow-up diagnosis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but not PMD. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors associated with PMD appear to overlap with those for schizophrenia, but less so for bipolar disorder. Future work on the differential aetiology of PMD, from other psychoses is needed to find the 'specifier' between PMD and other psychoses. Future research on aetiology in PMD, and perhaps other psychoses, should account for diagnostic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heslin
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - R Desai
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - J M Lappin
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - K Donoghue
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - B Lomas
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - U Reininghaus
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Maastricht University, Maastrict, The Netherlands
| | - A Onyejiaka
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | - P B Jones
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - P Fearon
- Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G A Doody
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - P Dazzan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - H L Fisher
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - A Demjaha
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - T Craig
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - C Morgan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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30
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Ajnakina O, Trotta A, Oakley-Hannibal E, Di Forti M, Stilo SA, Kolliakou A, Gardner-Sood P, Gaughran F, David AS, Dazzan P, Pariante C, Mondelli V, Morgan C, Vassos E, Murray RM, Fisher HL. Impact of childhood adversities on specific symptom dimensions in first-episode psychosis. Psychol Med 2016; 46:317-326. [PMID: 26383785 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between childhood adversity (CA) and psychotic disorder is well documented. As the adequacy of the current categorical diagnosis of psychosis is being increasingly questioned, we explored independent associations between different types of CA and specific psychotic symptom dimensions in a well-characterized sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. METHOD This study involved 236 FEP cases aged 18-65 years who presented for the first time to psychiatric services in South London, UK. Psychopathology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the statistical fit of the Wallwork/Fortgang five-factor model of psychosis. CA prior to 17 years of age (physical abuse, sexual abuse, parental separation, parental death, and being taken into care) was retrospectively assessed using the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire. RESULTS Childhood sexual abuse [β = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40-1.52], childhood physical abuse (β = 0.48, 95% CI 0.03-0.93) and parental separation (β = 0.60, 95% CI 0.10-1.11) showed significant associations with the positive dimension; while being taken into care was associated with the excited dimension (β = 0.36, 95% CI 0.08-0.65), independent of the other types of CA. No significant associations were found between parental death and any of the symptom dimensions. CONCLUSIONS A degree of specificity was found in the relationships between different types of CA and psychosis symptom dimensions in adulthood, suggesting that distinct pathways may be involved in the CA-psychosis association. These potentially different routes to developing psychosis merit further empirical and theoretical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ajnakina
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - A Trotta
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - E Oakley-Hannibal
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - M Di Forti
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - S A Stilo
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - A Kolliakou
- Department of Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,King's College London,London,UK
| | - P Gardner-Sood
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - F Gaughran
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - A S David
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - P Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - C Pariante
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London,London,UK
| | - V Mondelli
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London,London,UK
| | - C Morgan
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London,London,UK
| | - E Vassos
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - H L Fisher
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
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31
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Gardner-Sood P, Lally J, Smith S, Atakan Z, Ismail K, Greenwood KE, Keen A, O'Brien C, Onagbesan O, Fung C, Papanastasiou E, Eberherd J, Patel A, Ohlsen R, Stahl D, David A, Hopkins D, Murray RM, Gaughran F. Cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in people with established psychotic illnesses: baseline data from the IMPaCT RCT study--Corrigendum. Psychol Med 2015; 45:2631. [PMID: 26165543 PMCID: PMC4971543 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The author regrets to announce that affiliation 8, in the above article (Gardner-Sood et al. 2015), contained an error in the author affiliation address and author surname, which were published in the approved article. The correct surname and affiliation address are given below. J. Eberhard, Clinical Psychiatric Research Center, Lund University, Skåne, Sweden
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32
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that childhood adversity is associated with the development of psychotic experiences (PE), psychotic symptoms and disorders. However, less is known regarding the impact of early adversity on the persistence of PE and clinically relevant psychosis. Thus we conducted a systematic review of the association between childhood adversity and the course of PE and symptoms over time. METHOD A systematic search of Medline, EMBASE and PsychINFO databases was undertaken to identify articles published between January 1956 and November 2014. We included studies conducted on general population samples, individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis, and patients with full-blown psychotic disorders. A meta-analysis was performed on a subgroup. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included. Of these, 17 reported positive associations between exposure to overall or specific subtypes of childhood adversity and persistence of PE or clinically relevant psychotic symptoms. A meta-analysis of nine studies yielded a weighted odds ratio of 1.76 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-2.32, p < 0.001] for general population studies and 1.55 (95% CI 0.32-2.77, p = 0.007) for studies conducted using clinical populations. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence is limited but tentatively suggests that reported exposure to adverse events in childhood is associated with persistence of PE and clinically relevant psychotic symptoms. This partially strengthens the case for addressing the consequences of early adversity in individuals presenting with psychotic phenomena to improve long-term outcomes. However, the heterogeneity of studies was high which urges caution in interpreting the results and highlights the need for more methodologically robust studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trotta
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,King's College London,London,UK
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,King's College London,London,UK
| | - H L Fisher
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,King's College London,London,UK
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33
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Falkenberg I, Chaddock C, Murray RM, McDonald C, Modinos G, Bramon E, Walshe M, Broome M, McGuire P, Allen P. Failure to deactivate medial prefrontal cortex in people at high risk for psychosis. Eur Psychiatry 2015; 30:633-40. [PMID: 25841662 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired working memory is a core feature of schizophrenia and is linked with altered engagement the lateral prefrontal cortex. Although altered PFC activation has been reported in people with increased risk of psychosis, at present it is not clear if this neurofunctional alteration differs between familial and clinical risk states and/or increases in line with the level of psychosis risk. We addressed this issue by using functional MRI and a working memory paradigm to study familial and clinical high-risk groups. We recruited 17 subjects at ultra-high-risk (UHR) for psychosis, 10 non-affected siblings of patients with schizophrenia (familial high risk [FHR]) and 15 healthy controls. Subjects were scanned while performing the N-back working memory task. There was a relationship between the level of task-related deactivation in the medial PFC and precuneus and the level of psychosis risk, with deactivation weakest in the UHR group, greatest in healthy controls, and at an intermediate level in the FHR group. In the high-risk groups, activation in the precuneus was associated with the level of negative symptoms. These data suggest that increased vulnerability to psychosis is associated with a failure to deactivate in the medial PFC and precuneus during a working memory task, and appears to be most evident in subjects at clinical, as opposed to familial high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Falkenberg
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - C Chaddock
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - C McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - G Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Bramon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Walshe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Broome
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Allen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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34
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Rosa PGP, Zanetti MV, Duran FLS, Santos LC, Menezes PR, Scazufca M, Murray RM, Busatto GF, Schaufelberger MS. What determines continuing grey matter changes in first-episode schizophrenia and affective psychosis? Psychol Med 2015; 45:817-828. [PMID: 25180801 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714001895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown that brain abnormalities in psychosis might be progressive during the first years of illness. We sought to determine whether first-episode psychosis (FEP) subjects show progressive regional grey matter (GM) changes compared with controls, and whether those changes are associated with diagnosis, illness course or antipsychotic (AP) use. METHOD Thirty-two subjects with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (FESZ), 24 patients with first-episode affective psychoses (FEAP) and 34 controls recruited using a population-based design underwent structural MRI scanning at baseline and at a 5-year follow-up. Regional GM volumes were assessed with voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Patients were treated at community settings, and about half of them remained mainly untreated. RESULTS No significant progressive changes in GM regional volumes were observed in either the FESZ or FEAP group overall. However, FESZ subjects with a non-remitting course showed GM decrements in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and insula relative to remitted FESZ subjects. Non-remitted FEAP subjects exhibited a GM decrease in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) bilaterally in comparison to remitted FEAP subjects. Among FESZ subjects, AP use was associated with regional GM decrements in the right insula and increments in the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the progression of brain abnormalities in FEP subjects is restricted to those with a poor outcome and differs between diagnosis subgroups. AP intake is associated with a different pattern of GM reductions over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G P Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine,University of São Paulo,Brazil
| | - M V Zanetti
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine,University of São Paulo,Brazil
| | - F L S Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine,University of São Paulo,Brazil
| | - L C Santos
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine,University of São Paulo,Brazil
| | - P R Menezes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,University of São Paulo,Brazil
| | - M Scazufca
- Laboratory of Psychopharmacology and Clinical Psychophysiology (LIM-23), Faculty of Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo,Brazil
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London,UK
| | - G F Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine,University of São Paulo,Brazil
| | - M S Schaufelberger
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine,University of São Paulo,Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The findings of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study and the Cost Utility of the Latest Antipsychotic Drugs in Schizophrenia Study (CUtLASS) called previous trials of antipsychotics into question, including pre-licensing trials. Concerns regarding methodological robustness and quality of reporting increased. This systematic review aimed to examine the quality of reporting of phase II and III trials for new antipsychotics in the aftermath of the CATIE and CUtLASS studies. METHOD Electronic searches were conducted in EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane databases and also ClinicalTrials.gov for antipsychotic trials (published between January 2006 and February 2012). Phase II and III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for iloperidone, asenapine, paliperidone, olanzapine, lurasidone and pomaglumetad methionil were selected for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. The reporting of the methodology was evaluated in accordance with Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. RESULTS Thirty-one articles regarding 32 studies were included. There was insufficient reporting of design in 47% of studies and only 13% explicitly stated a primary hypothesis. Exclusion criteria were poorly reported for diagnosis in 22% of studies. Detail regarding comparators, particularly placebos, was suboptimal for 56% of studies, and permitted concomitant medication was often not reported (19%). Randomization methods were poorly described in 56% of studies and reporting on blinding was insufficient in 84% of studies. Sample size calculations were insufficiently reported in 59% of studies. CONCLUSIONS The quality of reporting of phase II and III trials for new antipsychotics does not reach the standards outlined in the CONSORT guidelines. Authors often fail to adequately report design and methodological processes, potentially impeding the progress of research on antipsychotic efficacy. Both policymakers and clinicians require high quality reporting before decisions are made regarding licensing and prescribing of new antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M X Patel
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
| | - S Collins
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
| | - J Hellier
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
| | - G Bhatia
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
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Trotta A, Murray RM, MacCabe JH. Do premorbid and post-onset cognitive functioning differ between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2015; 45:381-394. [PMID: 25065268 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714001512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) is characterized by a broad global cognitive impairment that precedes the onset of the disease. By contrast, some studies suggest that premorbid deficits are absent, or even reversed, in bipolar disorder (BD). However, studies have shown impairments in cognitive functioning after the illness onset in both disorders. The aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze those studies that compared premorbid and/or post-onset global cognitive function between SZ and BD. METHOD We searched Medline (PubMed), EMBASE and PsycINFO for studies where information on cognitive functioning was collected in both SZ and BD within the same study or using the same methods. RESULTS Compared to healthy comparison groups, SZ patients showed a significant premorbid cognitive impairment [standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.597, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.707 to -0.487, p < 0.0001] and a large post-onset impairment (SMD -1.369, 95% CI -1.578 to -1.160, p < 0.0001). We found small significant deficits in premorbid intellectual function in the BD group when this was assessed retrospectively (-0.147, 95% CI -0.238 to -0.056, p = 0.001) but not prospectively (-0.029, 95% CI -0.199 to + 0.142, p = 0.744), and moderate cognitive impairment after onset (SMD -0.623, 95% CI -0.717 to -0.529, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS SZ is characterized by significant deficits in premorbid intellectual function but the evidence regarding premorbid function in BD is equivocal. After illness onset, patients with both disorders seem to suffer a further decline in cognitive function but the magnitude of the impairment remains greater in SZ than in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trotta
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
| | - R M Murray
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
| | - J H MacCabe
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
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37
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Kolliakou A, Castle D, Sallis H, Joseph C, O'Connor J, Wiffen B, Gayer-Anderson C, McQueen G, Taylor H, Bonaccorso S, Gaughran F, Smith S, Greenwood K, Murray RM, Di Forti M, Atakan Z, Ismail K. Reasons for cannabis use in first-episode psychosis: does strength of endorsement change over 12 months? Eur Psychiatry 2014; 30:152-9. [PMID: 25541346 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Why patients with psychosis use cannabis remains debated. The self-medication hypothesis has received some support but other evidence points towards an alleviation of dysphoria model. This study investigated the reasons for cannabis use in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and whether strength in their endorsement changed over time. METHODS FEP inpatients and outpatients at the South London and Maudsley, Oxleas and Sussex NHS Trusts UK, who used cannabis, rated their motives at baseline (n=69), 3 months (n=29) and 12 months (n=36). A random intercept model was used to test the change in strength of endorsement over the 12 months. Paired-sample t-tests assessed the differences in mean scores between the five subscales on the Reasons for Use Scale (enhancement, social motive, coping with unpleasant affect, conformity and acceptance and relief of positive symptoms and side effects), at each time-point. RESULTS Time had a significant effect on scores when controlling for reason; average scores on each subscale were higher at baseline than at 3 months and 12 months. At each time-point, patients endorsed 'enhancement' followed by 'coping with unpleasant affect' and 'social motive' more highly for their cannabis use than any other reason. 'Conformity and acceptance' followed closely. 'Relief of positive symptoms and side effects' was the least endorsed motive. CONCLUSIONS Patients endorsed their reasons for use at 3 months and 12 months less strongly than at baseline. Little support for the self-medication or alleviation of dysphoria models was found. Rather, patients rated 'enhancement' most highly for their cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kolliakou
- Department of Psychological Medicine, PO92, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF London, UK.
| | - D Castle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H Sallis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C Joseph
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J O'Connor
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B Wiffen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Gayer-Anderson
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G McQueen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - H Taylor
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Bonaccorso
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F Gaughran
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Smith
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Greenwood
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Sussex, UK
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Di Forti
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Z Atakan
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Ismail
- Department of Psychological Medicine, PO92, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,London,UK
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Lawrence EJ, Froudist-Walsh S, Neilan R, Nam KW, Giampietro V, McGuire P, Murray RM, Nosarti C. Motor fMRI and cortical grey matter volume in adults born very preterm. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2014; 10:1-9. [PMID: 25016248 PMCID: PMC4256062 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adults born very preterm (VPT) and controls performed a motor fMRI task. VPT adults activated the cerebellum and adjacent temporal lobe more than controls. Grey matter volume in the premotor cortex was smaller in the VPT group. Grey matter volume in premotor cortex explained 33% of activation in the cerebellum. Preterm birth is associated with functional neuroanatomical alterations in adulthood.
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the functional neuroanatomy of motor planning, initiation and execution in a cohort of young adults (mean age 20 years) who were born very preterm (VPT; <33 weeks of gestation), as these individuals are at increased risk of experiencing neuromotor difficulties compared to controls. A cued motor task was presented to 20 right-handed VPT individuals and 20 controls within a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm. Whole-brain grey matter volume was also quantified and associations with functional data were examined. Despite comparable task performance, fMRI results showed that the VPT group displayed greater brain activation compared to controls in a region comprising the right cerebellum and the lingual, parahippocampal and middle temporal gyri. The VPT group also displayed decreased grey matter volume in the right superior frontal/premotor cortex and left middle temporal gyri. Grey matter volume in the premotor and middle temporal clusters was significantly negatively correlated with BOLD activation in the cerebellum. Overall, these data suggest that preterm birth is associated with functional neuronal differences that persist into adulthood, which are likely to reflect neural reorganisation following early brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Lawrence
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - S Froudist-Walsh
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - R Neilan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - K W Nam
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - V Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - P McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - C Nosarti
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK; Centre for the Developing Brain, King's Health Partners, King's College London, First Floor, South Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Lappin JM, Morgan C, Chalavi S, Morgan KD, Reinders AATS, Fearon P, Heslin M, Zanelli J, Jones PB, Murray RM, Dazzan P. Bilateral hippocampal increase following first-episode psychosis is associated with good clinical, functional and cognitive outcomes. Psychol Med 2014; 44:1279-1291. [PMID: 23866084 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713001712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampal pathology has been proposed to underlie clinical, functional and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. The hippocampus is a highly plastic brain region; examining change in volume, or change bilaterally, over time, can advance understanding of the substrate of recovery in psychosis. METHOD Magnetic resonance imaging and outcome data were collected at baseline and 6-year follow-up in 42 first-episode psychosis subjects and 32 matched controls, to investigate whether poorer outcomes are associated with loss of global matter and hippocampal volumes. Bilateral hippocampal increase (BHI) over time, as a marker of hippocampal plasticity was hypothesized to be associated with better outcomes. Regression analyses were performed on: (i) clinical and functional outcomes with grey matter volume change and BHI as predictor variables; and (ii) cognitive outcome with BHI as predictor. RESULTS BHI was present in 29% of psychosis participants. There was no significant grey matter loss over time in either patient or control groups. Less severe illness course and lesser symptom severity were associated with BHI, but not with grey matter change. Employment and global function were associated with BHI and with less grey matter loss. Superior delayed verbal recall was also associated with BHI. CONCLUSIONS BHI occurs in a minority of patients following their first psychotic episode and is associated with good outcome across clinical, functional and cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lappin
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Morgan
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Chalavi
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K D Morgan
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | | | - P Fearon
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - M Heslin
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Zanelli
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Dazzan
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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Sideli L, Fisher HL, Russo M, Murray RM, Stilo SA, Wiffen BDR, O'Connor JA, Aurora Falcone M, Pintore SM, Ferraro L, Mule' A, La Barbera D, Morgan C, Di Forti M. Failure to find association between childhood abuse and cognition in first-episode psychosis patients. Eur Psychiatry 2013; 29:32-5. [PMID: 23764407 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between severe childhood abuse and cognitive functions in first-episode psychosis patients and geographically-matched controls. Reports of any abuse were associated with lower scores in the executive function domain in the control group. However, in contrast with our hypothesis, no relationships were found amongst cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sideli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - H L Fisher
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Russo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S A Stilo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B D R Wiffen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J A O'Connor
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Aurora Falcone
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S M Pintore
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L Ferraro
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Mule'
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - D La Barbera
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Morgan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Di Forti
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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Radua J, Surguladze SA, Marshall N, Walshe M, Bramon E, Collier DA, Prata DP, Murray RM, McDonald C. The impact of CACNA1C allelic variation on effective connectivity during emotional processing in bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:526-7. [PMID: 22614292 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes the incidence of psychosis in unemployed people and determines whether unemployment has a greater impact on the development of psychosis amongst Black minority groups than White groups. METHOD Patients with a first diagnosis of Research Diagnostic Criteria psychosis, in a defined area of London from 1998 to 2004, were identified. Crude and standardised incidence rates of psychosis amongst unemployed people for each ethnic group were calculated. Poisson regression modelling tested for interactions between unemployment and ethnicity. RESULTS Hundred cases occurred amongst employed people and 78 cases occurred amongst the unemployed people. When standardised to the employed White population of the area, White unemployed people had a standardised incidence ratio (SIR) of 11.7 (95% CI 6.4-19.7), Black Caribbean people had a SIR of 60.1(95% CI 39.3-88) and Black African people had a SIR of 40.7 (95% CI 25.8-61.1). There was no interaction however between ethnicity and unemployment (Likelihood ratio test P = 0.54). CONCLUSION Rates of psychosis are high amongst unemployed people in south London and extremely high amongst Black Caribbean and Black African unemployed people. There was no evidence however that the minority groups were particularly sensitive to the stresses, limitations or meaning of unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boydell
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
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Parrott AC, Corazza O, Schifano F, Griffiths P, Sedefov R, Gallegos A, Murray RM, Demetrovics Z, Curran V, Bersani G, Singer LT. Editorial: Second International Conference on Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPSs): keynote addresses and conference abstracts. Curr Drug Abuse Rev 2013; 6:255-6. [PMID: 25311094 PMCID: PMC10187763 DOI: 10.2174/187447370604140616121012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L T Singer
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies reporting the gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia show an earlier onset in males, but vary considerably in their estimates of the difference. This may be due to variations in study design, setting and diagnostic criteria. In particular, several studies conducted in developing countries have found no difference or a reversed effect whereby females have an earlier onset. The aim of the study was to investigate gender differences in age of onset, and the impact of study design and setting on estimates thereof. METHOD Study methods were a systematic literature search, meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS A total of 46 studies with 29,218 males and 19,402 females fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were entered into a meta-analysis. A random-effects model gave a pooled estimate of the gender difference of 1.07 years (95% confidence interval 0.21-1.93) for age at first admission of schizophrenia, with males having earlier onset. The gender difference in age at onset was not significantly different between developed and developing countries. Studies using diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) criteria showed a significantly greater gender difference in age at onset than studies using International Classification Of Diseases (ICD) criteria, the latter showing no difference. CONCLUSIONS The gender difference in age of onset in schizophrenia is smaller than previously thought, and appears absent in studies using ICD. There is no evidence that the gender difference differs between developed and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Eranti
- Newham Early Intervention Service, East London Foundation Trust, Stratford Office Village, London, UK.
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Trzesniak C, Schaufelberger MS, Duran FLS, Santos LC, Rosa PGP, McGuire PK, Murray RM, Scazufca M, Menezes PR, Hallak JEC, Crippa JAS, Busatto GF. Longitudinal follow-up of cavum septum pellucidum and adhesio interthalamica alterations in first-episode psychosis: a population-based MRI study. Psychol Med 2012; 42:2523-2534. [PMID: 22717008 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712000839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental alterations have been described inconsistently in psychosis probably because of lack of standardization among studies. The aim of this study was to conduct the first longitudinal and population-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of the presence and size of the cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) and adhesio interthalamica (AI) in a large sample of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). METHOD FEP patients (n=122) were subdivided into schizophrenia (n=62), mood disorders (n=46) and other psychosis (n=14) groups and compared to 94 healthy next-door neighbour controls. After 13 months, 80 FEP patients and 52 controls underwent a second MRI examination. RESULTS We found significant reductions in the AI length in schizophrenia FEP in comparison with the mood disorders and control subgroups (longer length) at the baseline assessment, and no differences in any measure of the CSP. By contrast, there was a diagnosis×time interaction for the CSP length, with a more prominent increase for this measure in the psychosis group. There was an involution of the AI length over time for all groups but no diagnosis×time interaction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the CSP per se may not be linked to the neurobiology of emerging psychotic disorders, although it might be related to the progression of the disease. However, the fact that the AI length was shown to be shorter at the onset of the disorder supports the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia and indicates that an alteration in this grey matter junction may be a risk factor for developing psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Trzesniak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Science, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Subtle alterations in brain development caused by genes or early environmental hazards, such as obstetric complications, play a role in projecting some individuals on a trajectory toward schizophrenia. High-risk and cohort studies demonstrate that children destined to develop schizophrenia tend to have delayed milestones and subtle neuromotor and cognitive impairments (particularly in coordination and language). These neurocognitive problems lead to difficulties in interpersonal relations, and their progressive alienation makes these at-risk children more likely to harbor odd or paranoid ideas. This cascade of increasingly deviant development may then be compounded by brain maturational changes during adolescence with a resultant lability of the dopaminergic response to stress. As a result, the individual is more susceptible to the effects of the abuse of dopamine-releasing drugs, and to other risk factors such as migration or stressful life events; social isolation may be a common pathway underlying several of the social risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bramon
- Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The excess mortality following first-contact psychosis is well recognized. However, the causes of death in a complete incidence cohort and mortality patterns over time compared with the general population are unknown. METHOD All 2723 patients who presented for the first time with psychosis in three defined catchment areas of the U.K. in London (1965-2004, n=2056), Nottingham (1997-1999, n=203) and Dumfries and Galloway (1979-1998, n=464) were traced after a mean of 11.5 years follow-up and death certificates were obtained. Data analysis was by indirect standardization. RESULTS The overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for first-contact psychosis was 184 [95% confidence interval (CI) 167-202]. Most deaths (84.2%, 374/444) were from natural causes, although suicide had the highest SMR (1165, 95% CI 873-1524). Diseases of the respiratory system and infectious diseases had the highest SMR of the natural causes of death (232, 95% CI 183-291). The risk of death from diseases of the circulatory system was also elevated compared with the general population (SMR 139, 95% CI 117-164) whereas there was no such difference for neoplasms (SMR 111, 95% CI 86-141). There was strong evidence that the mortality gap compared with the general population for all causes of death (p<0.001) and all natural causes (p=0.01) increased over the four decades of the study. There was weak evidence that cardiovascular deaths may be increasing relative to the general population (p=0.07). CONCLUSIONS People with first-contact psychosis have an overall mortality risk that is nearly double that of the general population. Most excess deaths are from natural causes. The widening of the mortality gap over the last four decades should be of concern to all clinicians involved in delivering healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dutta
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
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Stone JM, Morrison PD, Brugger S, Nottage J, Bhattacharyya S, Sumich A, Wilson D, Tunstall N, Feilding A, Brenneisen R, McGuire P, Murray RM, Ffytche DH. Communication breakdown: delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol effects on pre-speech neural coherence. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:568-9. [PMID: 22042229 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Donoghue K, Mazzoncini R, Hart J, Zanelli J, Morgan C, Dazzan P, Morgan KD, Murray RM, Jones PB, Doody GA. The differential effect of illicit drug use on cognitive function in first-episode psychosis and healthy controls. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2012; 125:400-11. [PMID: 22128819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Illicit drug use can result in impairment in cognitive function in healthy individuals. Individuals with a psychotic disorder also show a deficit in cognitive function. Drug use may simply contribute to the characteristic cognitive deficit found in psychosis or alternatively result in a 'double deficit'. This study aims to investigate the association between drug use and cognitive function at the first-episode of psychosis and in community-matched controls. METHOD One hundred and seventy-seven patients at the first episode of psychosis completed a battery of neuropsychological tests. Those that had used drugs in the previous year (n = 80) were compared with those who had not used drugs in the previous year (n = 97). A subsample of the first-episode psychosis patients were compared with community-matched controls (n = 110) according to drug-use status. RESULTS Patients with a first episode of psychosis who had used drugs performed equally to those who had not used drugs on neuropsychological tests. In contrast, healthy controls who had used drugs in the previous year performed worse on tests of executive function and working memory compared with those controls that had not used drugs. CONCLUSION There are differential associations of illicit drug misuse with cognitive function for first-episode psychosis patients and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Donoghue
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, University of Nottingham Innovation Park, UK.
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