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Gupta A, Shareef M, Twisha M, Bhattacharjee S, Mukherjee G, Nayak SS, Basu S, Dasgupta S, Datta J, Bhattacharyya S, Mukherjee A. True coincidence summing correction for a BEGe detector in close geometry measurements. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110966. [PMID: 37566947 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The true coincidence summing correction factor for a Broad Energy Germanium detector has been calculated at far and close geometry set-up using radioactive γ-ray sources. The correction factors were calculated using both experimental and analytical methods. Geant4 simulation was done to calculate the full-energy peak and total efficiencies of the detector. Standard, as well as fabricated mono-energetic γ-ray sources, were used for the γ-ray efficiency measurements. The simulated efficiencies of mono-energetic γ-ray sources were matched to the experimental γ-ray efficiencies by optimizing the detector parameters. The same parameters were used to obtain the full-energy peak and total efficiencies for γ-rays of current interest. Analytical and experimental correction factors were found to agree well with each other. The coincidence summing effect is found to be significant for source-to-detector distances less than 5 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Gupta
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - M Shareef
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Munmun Twisha
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Saikat Bhattacharjee
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Gopal Mukherjee
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Satya Samiran Nayak
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Sansaptak Basu
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - S Dasgupta
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - J Datta
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - A Mukherjee
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Pisani S, Gunasekera B, Velayudhan L, Bhattacharyya S. 1218 GREY MATTER VOLUME AND NEUROTRANSMITTER RECEPTORS ABNORMALITIES IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE PSYCHOSIS: A META-ANALYSIS. Age Ageing 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac322.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Recent evidence suggests extensive grey matter abnormalities in Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis (PDP), as well as dysfunction of dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors. However, findings remain unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to identify neuroanatomical correlates of PDP and to examine the relationship between grey matter and key candidate receptors.
Method
Peak coordinates were extracted from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies (identified through systematic searches on PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) for PDP patients and Parkinson's Disease patients without psychosis (PDnP) and were analysed using Seed-based d mapping with permutation of subject images (SDM-PSI). Gene expression data for dopaminergic (D1/D2) and serotonergic (5-HT2a/5-HT1a) receptors were extracted from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, probe-to-gene re-annotation data were downloaded from Arnatkevic̆iūtė et al. (Neuroimage, 2019;189:353-67) and parcellated on 78 regions of the Desikan-Killiany brain atlas. Effect-size estimates, extracted from the SDM-PSI analysis for these 78 regions as a measure of grey matter in PDP patients, were entered in multiple regression models.
Results
10 studies were included in the meta-analysis (PDP, n= 211; mean age = 69.01 years, 52.1% males; PDnP, n = 298, mean age = 67.34 years, 41.9 % males). Reduction in grey matter was observed in parieto-temporo-occipital regions in PDP patients (uncorrected, p < 0.05). When controlling for PD medications, expressed in Levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), results remained significant (uncorrected, p < 0.05). 5-HT2a and 5-HT1a gene receptor expressions were associated with estimates of grey matter volume (5-HT2a, b=-0.20, p=0.01, adjusted for LEDD, b=-0.18, p=0.03; 5-HT1a, b=0.11, p=0.02, adjusted for LEDD, b=0.12, p=0.01).
Conclusion
We observed lower cortical volume in parieto-temporo-occipital areas, which are involved in information processing, integration, and attention in PDP compared to PDnP patients. We also reported an association between regional brain expression of serotonergic receptors and grey matter volume suggesting a role of serotonin in PDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pisani
- King's College London Department of Psychosis Studies,
| | - B Gunasekera
- King's College London Department of Psychosis Studies,
| | - L Velayudhan
- King's College London Department of Old Age Psychiatry,
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Yadav KK, Chouhan N, Thubstan R, Norlha S, Hariharan J, Borwankar C, Chandra P, Dhar VK, Mankuzhyil N, Godambe S, Sharma M, Venugopal K, Singh KK, Bhatt N, Bhattacharyya S, Chanchalani K, Das MP, Ghosal B, Godiyal S, Khurana M, Kotwal SV, Koul MK, Kumar N, Kushwaha CP, Nand K, Pathania A, Sahayanathan S, Sarkar D, Tolamati A, Koul R, Rannot RC, Tickoo AK, Chitnis VR, Behere A, Padmini S, Manna A, Joy S, Nair PM, Jha KP, Moitra S, Neema S, Srivastava S, Punna M, Mohanan S, Sikder SS, Jain A, Banerjee S, . K, Deshpande J, Sanadhya V, Andrew G, Patil MB, Goyal VK, Gupta N, Balakrishna H, Agrawal A, Srivastava SP, Karn KN, Hadgali PI, Bhatt S, Mishra VK, Biswas PK, Gupta RK, Kumar A, Thul SG, Kalmady R, Sonvane DD, Kumar V, Gaur UK, Chattopadhyay J, Gupta SK, Kiran AR, Parulekar Y, Agrawal MK, Parmar RM, Reddy GR, Mayya YS, Pithawa CK. Commissioning of the MACE gamma-ray telescope at Hanle, Ladakh, India. CURR SCI INDIA 2022. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i12/1428-1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Kundu M, Chakrabarty S, Bhattacharyya S, Majumdar P. Thermoluminescence glow curve analysis using temperature dependent frequency factor in OTOR model. RADIAT MEAS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2022.106820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Wang W, Bale S, Verma P, Hasan S, Yalavarthi B, Tsou P, Varga J, Bhattacharyya S. 779 Deficiency of the TLR4 inhibitory homolog RP105 exacerbates fibrosis. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Bale S, Verma P, Yalavarthi B, Arthur Scarneo S, Haystead T, Bhattacharyya S, Varga J. 599 Selective inhibition Of fibro-inflammatory kinase TAK1: A potential therapeutic strategy to ameliorate systemic sclerosis. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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Kundu D, Bhattacharyya S, Gopmandal PP. Ion partitioning and ion size effects on streaming field and energy conversion efficiency in a soft nanochannel. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-05007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sarkar I, Sen G, Bhattacharyya S, Gtari M, Sen A. Inter-cluster competition and resource partitioning may govern the ecology of Frankia. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:326. [PMID: 35576077 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microbes live in a complex communal ecosystem. The structural complexity of microbial community reflects diversity, functionality, as well as habitat type. Delineation of ecologically important microbial populations along with exploration of their roles in environmental adaptation or host-microbe interaction has a crucial role in modern microbiology. In this scenario, reverse ecology (the use of genomics to study ecology) plays a pivotal role. Since the co-existence of two different genera in one small niche should maintain a strict direct interaction, it will be interesting to utilize the concept of reverse ecology in this scenario. Here, we exploited an 'R' package, the RevEcoR, to resolve the issue of co-existing microbes which are proven to be a crucial tool for identifying the nature of their relationship (competition or complementation) persisting among them. Our target organism here is Frankia, a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium popular for its genetic and host-specific nature. According to their plant host, Frankia has already been sub-divided into four clusters C-I, C-II, C-III, and C-IV. Our results revealed a strong competing nature of CI Frankia. Among the clusters of Frankia studied, the competition index between C-I and C-III was the largest. The other interesting result was the co-occurrence of C-II and C-IV groups. It was revealed that these two groups follow the theory of resource partitioning in their lifestyle. Metabolic analysis along with their differential transporter machinery validated our hypothesis of resource partitioning among C-II and C-IV groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sarkar
- Bioinformatics Facility, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - G Sen
- Bioinformatics Facility, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Biswa Bangla Genome Centre, Univ. of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - M Gtari
- Unité de Bactériologie Moléculaire and Génomique, Département de Génie Biologique and Chimique, Institut National Des Sciences Appliquéeset de Technologie, Université de Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - A Sen
- Bioinformatics Facility, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India.
- Biswa Bangla Genome Centre, Univ. of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India.
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India.
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9
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Alborikan S, Von Klemperer K, Bhan A, Walker F, Pandya B, Badiani S, Bhattacharyya S, Petersen S, Lloyd G. Blood biomarkers in patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF); A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Cardiology Congenital Heart Disease 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2021.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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10
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Stowell C, Howard J, Demetrescu C, Bhattacharyya S, Mangion K, Vimalesvaran K, Cole G, Rajani R, Sehmi J, Alzetani M, Zolgharni M, Rana B, Francis D, Shun-Shin M. Fully automated global longitudinal strain assessment using artificial intelligence developed and validated by a UK-wide echocardiography expert collaborative. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Left ventricular longitudinal strain has been reported to deliver reproducibility, sensitivity and prognostic value over and above ejection fraction. However, it currently relies on uninspectable proprietary algorithms and suffers from a lack of widespread clinical use. Uptake may be improved by increasing user trust through greater transparency.
Purpose
We therefore developed a machine-learning based method, trained, and validated with accredited experts from our AI Echocardiography Collaborative. We make the dataset, code, and trained network freely available under an open-source license.
Methods
AI enables strain to be calculated without relying on speckle tracking by directly locating key points and borders across frames. Strain can then be calculated as the fractional shortening of the left ventricular perimeter. We first curated a dataset of 7523 images, including 2587 apical four chamber, each labelled by a single expert from our collaboration of 17 hospitals, using our online platform (Figure 1). Using both this dataset and a semi-supervised approach, we trained a 3d convolutional neural network to identify the annulus, apex, and the endocardial border throughout the cardiac cycle.
Separately, we constructed an external validation dataset of 100 apical 4 chamber video-loops. The systolic and diastolic frame were identified, and each image was separately labelled by 11 experts. From these labels we then derived the expert consensus strain for each of the 100 video loops. These experts also ordered all 100 echocardiograms by their visual grading of left ventricular longitudinal function. Finally, a single expert calculated strain using two different proprietary commercial packages (A and B).
Results
Consensus strain measurements (obtained by averaging individual assessments by the 11 experts) across the 100 cases ranged from −4% to −27%, with strong correlations with the individual experts and machine methods (Figure 2). Using each cases' consensus across experts as the gold standard, median error from consensus was 3.1% for individual experts, 3.4% for Propriety A, 2.6% for Proprietary B, 2.6% for our AI.
Using the visual grading of longitudinal strain as the reference, the 11 individual experts and 4 machine methods each showed significant correlation: coefficients ranged from 0.55 to 0.69 for experts, and for Proprietary A was 0.68, Proprietary B 0.69, and our AI 0.69.
Conclusions
Our open-source, vendor-independent AI-based strain measure automatically produces values that agree with expert consensus, as strongly as the individual experts do. It also agrees with the subjective visual ranking by longitudinal function. Our open-source AI strain performs at least as well as closed-source speckle-based approaches, and may enable increased clinical and research use of longitudinal strain.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): NIHR Imperial BRC ITMAT.Dr Howard was additionally funded by Wellcome. Figure 1. Collaborative online platformFigure 2. Correlations between strain methods
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stowell
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Howard
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Demetrescu
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - K Mangion
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Cole
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Rajani
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Sehmi
- West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, United Kingdom
| | - M Alzetani
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - M Zolgharni
- University of West London, London, United Kingdom
| | - B Rana
- Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Francis
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Shun-Shin
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Primus C, Bvekerwa I, Clay TA, Mccue M, Wong K, Uppal R, Ambekar S, Das S, Bhattacharyya S, Davies LC, Woldman S, Menezes L. 18F-FDGPET/CT improves diagnostic certainty over the modified Duke Criteria in blood culture negative infective endocarditis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab111.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Introduction
Diagnosis of blood culture negative infective endocarditis (BCNIE) is challenging, with positive microbiology key in the modified Duke Criteria (mDC). ESC IE Guidelines (2015) recommend the use of 18F-FDG PET/CT (PET) in cases where transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is equivocal and where cardiac implantable device-related IE (CIDRE) is suspected. We explored the role of PET to improve diagnostic certainty in the challenging cohort of BCNIE.
Methods
Retrospective review of all suspected BCNIE patients undergoing PET (10/2015 to 01/2021). Myocardial suppression technique was used in all cases, and studies were assessed for valve/device avidity. Patients were classified as definite/possible/rejected IE by mDC pre- and post-PET, with incremental benefit assessed by net reclassification index (NRI) versus actual diagnosis. Actual diagnosis was defined by Endocarditis Team consensus or surgical specimen (where available) at a minimum of 2-months following index admission.
Results
PET was performed in 110/807 (13.6%) cases overall. BCNIE prevalence was 18% across the total cohort, with 25/110 (22.7%) PET studies in BCNIE patients (male = 17, mean age 65). (p = 0.16 for PET in BCNIE compared to overall). PET was undertaken in 8 CIDRE, 9 native IE (NVE) and 10 prosthetic IE (PVE); 2-patients had suspected CIDRE + PVE. TOE was performed in all cases, and surgery was required in 8/25 patients. IE was confirmed in 44% of cases.
PET sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 73%, 93%, 89% and 81%, respectively. Addition of PET to the mDC improved re-classification to definite or rejected IE, with NRI 0.633 (positive NRI 0.3; negative 0.333), and added weight to the original mDC classification in 14/25 (56%) of cases.
Conclusion
PET improves diagnostic certainty when combined with mDC in the evaluation of patients with BCNIE across NVE, PVE and CIDRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Primus
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - I Bvekerwa
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - TA Clay
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Mccue
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - K Wong
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Uppal
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Ambekar
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Das
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - LC Davies
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Woldman
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L Menezes
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Heart Centre & UCL Institute of Nuclear Medicine, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Gopmandal PP, Bhattacharyya S, Ohshima H. A simplified model for gel electrophoresis of a hydrophobic rigid colloid. Soft Matter 2021; 17:5700-5710. [PMID: 34008689 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00462j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoresis of a charged dielectric hydrophobic colloid embedded in a charged hydrogel medium is addressed. A slip velocity condition at the particle surface is considered. The characteristic of the gel electrophoresis is different compared with the free-solution electrophoresis due to the presence of immobile charges of the gel medium, which induces a strong background electroosmotic flow and modifies the Debye layer of the colloid. The gel electrophoresis of the dielectric hydrophobic charged colloid is made based on first-order perturbation analysis. A closed form solution involving simple exponential integrals for the mobility is derived, which reduces to several existing mobility expressions under limiting conditions such as for the gel electrophoresis of hydrophilic particles and a hydrophobic colloid in free-solution electrophoresis. We find that the mobility reversal is achieved by varying the Debye length or gel permeability. For the present first-order perturbation analysis, unlike free-solution electrophoresis, the particle dielectric permittivity is found to influence the mobility. One of the intriguing features of the present study is the derivation of the simplified mobility expression, which can be easily computed for a given set of parameter values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur-713209, India.
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Kundu M, Bhattacharyya S, Karmakar M, Majumdar PS. THREE-POINT AREA METHOD FOR THERMOLUMINESCENCE GLOW CURVE ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE GLOW PEAK OF K2SRP2O7:PR. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2021; 193:247-258. [PMID: 33942069 DOI: 10.1093/raddos/ncab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A method has been proposed to evaluate the kinetic parameters, viz. activation energy ($E$) and order of kinetics ($b$) from a single or isolated thermoluminescence (TL) glow peak. Along with the area under the entire curve, this method uses a set of three arbitrary data points and calculates the partial area under the curve from each point to the endpoint. In this way, the entire information associated with the curve is used and the method is named as 'Three-Point Area' (TPA) method. We have applied it successfully on a number of theoretically simulated TL curves generated in One Trap One Recombination centre (OTOR) model and General-Order Kinetics (GOK) model under quasi-equilibrium approximations with linear heating scheme. The activation energies are found in good agreement with input values for both the models. For OTOR model, temperature average of order of kinetics is estimated to compare with the present result. Systematic analysis is carried out for estimation of errors inherent in the method in the purview of GOK model. A closer look on the results reveals that any set of three points, preferably chosen from the rising side of the curve, can yield activation energy and order of kinetics. The validity of the method to extract $E$ and $b$ from experimental glow curves is exemplified by considering experimental TL data reported in literature. Finally, a complete study starting from the synthesis of a new phosphor $\mathrm{K_2SrP_2O_7:Pr} $ and analysis of the recorded TL data to estimate $E$ and $b$ employing the TPA method has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kundu
- Department of Physics, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata 700131, India
- Sadhanpur Uludanga Tulsiram High School (H.S), Amdanga, 24 Parganas (N) 743221, India
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physics, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata 700131, India
| | - M Karmakar
- Department of Physics, Raghunathpur College, Purulia 723133, India
| | - P S Majumdar
- Department of Physics, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata 700131, India
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14
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Martins D, Rademacher L, Gabay AS, Taylor R, Richey JA, Smith DV, Goerlich KS, Nawijn L, Cremers HR, Wilson R, Bhattacharyya S, Paloyelis Y. Mapping social reward and punishment processing in the human brain: A voxel-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging findings using the social incentive delay task. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 122:1-17. [PMID: 33421544 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Social rewards or punishments motivate human learning and behaviour, and alterations in the brain circuits involved in the processing of these stimuli have been linked with several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, questions still remain about the exact neural substrates implicated in social reward and punishment processing. Here, we conducted four Anisotropic Effect Size Signed Differential Mapping voxel-based meta-analyses of fMRI studies investigating the neural correlates of the anticipation and receipt of social rewards and punishments using the Social Incentive Delay task. We found that the anticipation of both social rewards and social punishment avoidance recruits a wide network of areas including the basal ganglia, the midbrain, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, the supplementary motor area, the anterior insula, the occipital gyrus and other frontal, temporal, parietal and cerebellar regions not captured in previous coordinate-based meta-analysis. We identified decreases in the BOLD signal during the anticipation of both social reward and punishment avoidance in regions of the default-mode network that were missed in individual studies likely due to a lack of power. Receipt of social rewards engaged a robust network of brain regions including the ventromedial frontal and orbitofrontal cortices, the anterior cingulate cortex, the amygdala, the hippocampus, the occipital cortex and the brainstem, but not the basal ganglia. Receipt of social punishments increased the BOLD signal in the orbitofrontal cortex, superior and inferior frontal gyri, lateral occipital cortex and the insula. In contrast to the receipt of social rewards, we also observed a decrease in the BOLD signal in the basal ganglia in response to the receipt of social punishments. Our results provide a better understanding of the brain circuitry involved in the processing of social rewards and punishment. Furthermore, they can inform hypotheses regarding brain areas where disruption in activity may be associated with dysfunctional social incentive processing during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - L Rademacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Germany and Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A S Gabay
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, New Radcliffe House, Oxford, OX2 6NW, UK
| | - R Taylor
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - J A Richey
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA
| | - D V Smith
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - K S Goerlich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Cognitive Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - L Nawijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H R Cremers
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Wilson
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y Paloyelis
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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15
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Murray RM, Mondelli V, Stilo SA, Trotta A, Sideli L, Ajnakina O, Ferraro L, Vassos E, Iyegbe C, Schoeler T, Bhattacharyya S, Marques TR, Dazzan P, Lopez-Morinigo J, Colizzi M, O'Connor J, Falcone MA, Quattrone D, Rodriguez V, Tripoli G, La Barbera D, La Cascia C, Alameda L, Trotta G, Morgan C, Gaughran F, David A, Di Forti M. The influence of risk factors on the onset and outcome of psychosis: What we learned from the GAP study. Schizophr Res 2020; 225:63-68. [PMID: 32037203 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The GAP multidisciplinary study carried out in South London, recruited 410 first episode of psychosis patients and 370 controls; the aim was to elucidate the multiple genetic and environmental factors influencing the onset and outcome of psychosis. The study demonstrated the risk increasing effect of adversity in childhood (especially parental loss, abuse, and bullying) on onset of psychosis especially positive symptoms. Adverse life events more proximal to onset, being from an ethnic minority, and cannabis use also played important roles; indeed, one quarter of new cases of psychosis could be attributed to use of high potency cannabis. The "jumping to conclusions" bias appeared to mediate the effect of lower IQ on vulnerability to psychosis. We confirmed that environmental factors operate on the background of polygenic risk, and that genetic and environment act together to push individuals over the threshold for manifesting the clinical disorder. The study demonstrated how biological pathways involved in the stress response (HPA axis and immune system) provide important mechanisms linking social risk factors to the development of psychotic symptoms. Further evidence implicating an immune/inflammatory component to psychosis came from our finding of complement dysregulation in FEP. Patients also showed an upregulation of the antimicrobial alpha-defensins, as well as differences in expression patterns of genes involved in NF-κB signaling and Cytokine Production. Being of African origin not only increased risk of onset but also of a more difficult course of illness. The malign effect of childhood adversity predicted a poorer outcome as did continued use of high potency cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - V Mondelli
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S A Stilo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Trotta
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L Sideli
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - O Ajnakina
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L Ferraro
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Vassos
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Iyegbe
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T Schoeler
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T R Marques
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Dazzan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Lopez-Morinigo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Colizzi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J O'Connor
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neuropsychology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - M A Falcone
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Quattrone
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - V Rodriguez
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Tripoli
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - D La Barbera
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - C La Cascia
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - L Alameda
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Trotta
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - C Morgan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F Gaughran
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A David
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Di Forti
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Gopmandal PP, De S, Bhattacharyya S, Ohshima H. Impact of ion-steric and ion-partitioning effects on electrophoresis of soft particles. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:032601. [PMID: 33075919 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.032601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study on the electrophoresis of a soft particle is made by taking into account the ion steric interactions and ion partitioning effects under a thin Debye layer consideration with negligible surface conduction. Objective of this study is to provide a simple expression for the mobility of a soft particle which accounts for the finite-ion-size effect and the ion partitioning arise due to the Born energy difference between two media. The Donnan potential in the soft layer is determined by considering the ion steric interactions and the ion partitioning effect. The volume exclusion due to the finite ion size is considered by the Carnahan-Starling equation and the ion partitioning is accounted through the difference in Born energy. The modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation coupled with Stokes-Darcy-Brinkman equations are considered to determine the mobility. A closed-form expression for the electrophoretic mobility is obtained, which reduces to several existing expressions for mobility under various limiting cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Simanta De
- Department of Mathematics, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Bhattacharyya S, Kumar R, Sengupta G, Hazra AK, Sur TK. Chlorogenic Acid Enriched Green Coffee Ameliorated Renal Injury in Rats. Mymensingh Med J 2020; 29:991-1000. [PMID: 33116107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) during the treatment with gentamicin (GM) is very common in hospitalized patients. Green coffee bean, containing chlorogenic acid (CGA) has been reported to improve non communicable diseases. In the present study, CGA enriched fraction of green coffee bean was evaluated on GM induced nephrotoxicity in rats. It was a preclinical case-controlled experimental intervention conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, R G Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India from 2016-2019 using animal model. CGA content of green coffee bean extract (GCBE) was isolated and quantified by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) (6.426%). The rats were treated with GCBE at the dose of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg in gentamicin (GM) induced AKI for five consecutive days. At day 6, the renal function was assessed through analysing urine, blood and renal tissues. GCBE dose dependently and significantly (p<0.001) lowered blood urea, creatinine and potassium while, enhanced sodium compared to AKI control. Moreover, it showed significant elevation in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and reduction in lipid peroxides (p<0.001). It was suggested that chlorogenic acid of green coffee seed can protect kidney through down regulation of p53 transcription factor and thereby attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptotic process in renal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhattacharyya
- Dr Swati Bhattacharyya, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India; E-mail:
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Nandi S, Mukherjee G, Chen QB, Frauendorf S, Banik R, Bhattacharya S, Dar S, Bhattacharyya S, Bhattacharya C, Chatterjee S, Das S, Samanta S, Raut R, Ghugre SS, Rajbanshi S, Ali S, Pai H, Asgar MA, Das Gupta S, Chowdhury P, Goswami A. First Observation of Multiple Transverse Wobbling Bands of Different Kinds in ^{183}Au. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:132501. [PMID: 33034500 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.132501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of two wobbling bands in ^{183}Au, both of which were interpreted as the transverse wobbling (TW) band but with different behavior of their wobbling energies as a function of spin. It increases (decreases) with spin for the positive (negative) parity configuration. The crucial evidence for the wobbling nature of the bands, dominance of the E2 component in the ΔI=1 transitions between the partner bands, is provided by the simultaneous measurements of directional correlation from the oriented states ratio and the linear polarization of the γ rays. Particle rotor model calculations with triaxial deformation reproduce the experimental data well. A value of spin, I_{m}, has been determined for the observed TW bands below which the wobbling energy increases and above which it decreases with spin. The nucleus ^{183}Au is, so far, the only nucleus in which both the increasing and the decreasing parts are observed and thus gives the experimental evidence of the complete transverse wobbling phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nandi
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - G Mukherjee
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Q B Chen
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - S Frauendorf
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - R Banik
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Soumik Bhattacharya
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shabir Dar
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - C Bhattacharya
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - S Chatterjee
- UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - S Das
- UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - S Samanta
- UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - R Raut
- UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - S S Ghugre
- UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - S Rajbanshi
- Department of Physics, Presidency University, Kolkata 700043, India
| | - Sajad Ali
- Government General Degree College at Pedong, Kalimpong 734311, India
| | - H Pai
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Md A Asgar
- Department of Physics, Prabhat Kumar College, Contai 721404, India
| | - S Das Gupta
- Victoria Institution (College), Kolkata 700009, India
| | - P Chowdhury
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - A Goswami
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
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19
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Das B, Borah B, Bhattacharyya S. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE AND PARTIALLY HYDROLYZED POLYACRYLAMIDE – LOW-SOLID NONDISPERSED DRILLING MUD WITH RESPECT TO PROPER-TY ENHANCEMENT AND SHALE INHIBITION. REFFIT 2020. [DOI: 10.18799/24056537/2020/2/262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During drilling, different problems are encountered that can interfere with smooth drilling processes, including the accumulation of cuttings, reduced penetration rates, pipe sticking, loss of wellbore stability, and loss of circulation. These problems are generally encountered with conventional drilling mud, such as the bentonite–barite mud system. Formation damage is the most common problem encountered in bentonite mud systems with high solid content. In this work, we aimed to formulate two low-solid nondispersed (LSND) muds: carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)–LSND mud and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA)–LSND mud. A comparative analysis was performed to evaluate their property enhancements. LSND muds aid in maintaining hole stability and proper cutting removal. The results of this work show that the addition of both CMC and PHPA helps to improve drilling fluid properties; however, the PHPA–LSND mud was found to be superior. Shale swelling is a major concern in the petroleum industry, as it causes various other problems, such as pipe sticking, low penetration rates, and bit wear. The effect of these two LSND polymer muds in inhibiting shale swelling was analyzed using shale collected from the Champhai district of Mizoram, India.
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20
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Appiah-Kusi E, Wilson R, Colizzi M, Foglia E, Klamerus E, Caldwell A, Bossong MG, McGuire P, Bhattacharyya S. Childhood trauma and being at-risk for psychosis are associated with higher peripheral endocannabinoids. Psychol Med 2020; 50:1862-1871. [PMID: 31422779 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719001946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence has been accumulating regarding alterations in components of the endocannabinoid system in patients with psychosis. Of all the putative risk factors associated with psychosis, being at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) has the strongest association with the onset of psychosis, and exposure to childhood trauma has been linked to an increased risk of development of psychotic disorder. We aimed to investigate whether being at-risk for psychosis and exposure to childhood trauma were associated with altered endocannabinoid levels. METHOD We compared 33 CHR participants with 58 healthy controls (HC) and collected information about previous exposure to childhood trauma as well as plasma samples to analyse endocannabinoid levels. RESULTS Individuals with both CHR and experience of childhood trauma had higher N-palmitoylethanolamine (p < 0.001) and anandamide (p < 0.001) levels in peripheral blood compared to HC and those with no childhood trauma. There was also a significant correlation between N-palmitoylethanolamine levels and symptoms as well as childhood trauma. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest an association between CHR and/or childhood maltreatment and elevated endocannabinoid levels in peripheral blood, with a greater alteration in those with both CHR status and history of childhood maltreatment compared to those with either of those risks alone. Furthermore, endocannabinoid levels increased linearly with the number of risk factors and elevated endocannabinoid levels correlated with the severity of CHR symptoms and extent of childhood maltreatment. Further studies in larger cohorts, employing longitudinal designs are needed to confirm these findings and delineate the precise role of endocannabinoid alterations in the pathophysiology of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Appiah-Kusi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
| | - R Wilson
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
| | - M Colizzi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Policlinico 'G. B. Rossi', P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - E Foglia
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
| | - E Klamerus
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
| | - A Caldwell
- King's College London, Mass Spectometry Facility, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - M G Bossong
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
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21
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Woelfle UC, Briggs T, Bhattacharyya S, Qu H, Sheth N, Knabe C, Ducheyne P. Dual local drug delivery of vancomycin and farnesol for mitigation of MRSA infection in vivo - a pilot study. Eur Cell Mater 2020; 40:38-57. [PMID: 32696976 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v040a03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical site infections after orthopaedic surgery using fracture fixation devices or endosseous implants create major surgical challenges with severe adverse effects, such as osteomyelitis. These infections are frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus, often with high resistance to antibiotics, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Due to the formation of impenetrable biofilms on implant surfaces, systemic antibiotic treatment has become exceedingly difficult. New solutions are pursued by combining several drugs using a controlled delivery system from specifically engineered implant surfaces. A sol-gel coating on titanium implants was previously developed with 20 wt % vancomycin and 30 wt % farnesol, with suppression of MRSA in vitro. The present study investigated the efficacy of sol-gel film coatings for controlled dual local delivery over 4 weeks utilising a rat infection model. The findings confirmed the viability of this new concept in vivo based on the differences observed between coatings containing vancomycin alone (SGV) and the dual-drug-containing coating with vancomycin and farnesol (SGVF). While both the SGVF and SGV coatings facilitated excellent preservation of the osseous microarchitecture, SGVF coating displayed a slightly higher potency for suppressing MRSA infiltration than SGV, in combination with a lower reactive bone remodelling activity, most likely by disturbing biofilm formation. The next step for advancing the concept of dual-drug delivery from sol-gel coatings to the clinic and confirming the promising effect of the SGVF coatings on reactive bone remodelling and suppressing MRSA infiltration is a study in a larger animal species with longer time points.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - C Knabe
- Department of Experimental Orofacial Medicine, Philipps University, Marburg,
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22
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Wang W, Schock BC, Abdala-Valencia H, Jeong B, Bale S, Christmann R, Marangoni R, Berdnikovs S, Herzog E, Varga J, Bhattacharyya S. 803 A20 and its repressor DREAM expression govern susceptibility to fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pham TN, Ohno K, Sahara R, Kuwahara R, Bhattacharyya S. Clear evidence for element partitioning effects in a Ti-6Al-4V alloy by the first-principles phase field method. J Phys Condens Matter 2020; 32:264001. [PMID: 32106095 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab7ad5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ti-6 wt% Al-4 wt% V (Ti64) is an α + β titanium alloy, in which the alloying components strongly affect the mechanical properties. In this report, element partitioning effects in Ti64 are investigated by using the first-principles phase field (FPPF) method, which has recently been proposed by our group. In the FPPF method, the local free energy is calculated using a cluster expansion method in combination with density functional theory and the temperature effect is incorporated using potential renormalization theory. We have succeeded in identifying enrichment of Al (V) in the α (β) phase, i.e., the clear evidence for the element partitioning effects of Al and V, without using any thermodynamical parameter. The transformation of the β phase and the α phase in microstructure is investigated by varying the V and Al concentrations by a small amount. Our results are in excellent agreement with the recent experimental results, showing the validity of the FPPF method for ternary alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Pham
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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Banik R, Bhattacharyya S, Biswas S, Bhattacharya S, Mukherjee G, Rajbanshi S, Dar S, Nandi S, Ali R, Chatterjee S, Das S, Das Gupta S, Ghugre SS, Goswami A, Mondal D, Mukhopadhyay S, Pai H, Pal S, Pandit D, Raut R, Ray P, Samanta S. Exploring the structure of Xe isotopes in A ~ 130 region: Single particle and collective excitations. EPJ Web Conf 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023204001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High and medium spin structures of 130,131Xe have been studied using α-induced fusion-evaporation reaction and the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA) coupled with a digital data acquisition system. Various new band structures and near yrast levels of 131Xe have been established. The multipolarities of the observed transitions have been assigned on the basis of the DCO ratios and the polarization asymmetry measurements. Band structures based on 1-quasi-particle (qp), 3-qp configurations have been observed. A new Magnetic Rotational (MR) band based on 5-qp configuration has also been established in 131Xe. The MR band has been interpreted in terms of shears mechanism with principal axis cranking (SPAC) calculations. Shell Model calculations are carried out to describe the non yrast states of 131Xe above the 11/2− isomer. New excited states have also been identified in 130Xe, produced in the same reaction.
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Appiah-Kusi E, Petros N, Wilson R, Colizzi M, Bossong MG, Valmaggia L, Mondelli V, McGuire P, Bhattacharyya S. Effects of short-term cannabidiol treatment on response to social stress in subjects at clinical high risk of developing psychosis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1121-1130. [PMID: 31915861 PMCID: PMC7113209 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stress is a risk factor for psychosis and treatments which mitigate its harmful effects are needed. Cannabidiol (CBD) has antipsychotic and anxiolytic effects. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether CBD would normalise the neuroendocrine and anxiety responses to stress in clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) patients. METHODS Thirty-two CHR patients and 26 healthy controls (HC) took part in the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and their serum cortisol, anxiety and stress associated with public speaking were estimated. Half of the CHR participants were on 600 mg/day of CBD (CHR-CBD) and half were on placebo (CHR-P) for 1 week. RESULTS One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant effect of group (HC, CHR-P, CHR-CBD (p = .005) on cortisol reactivity as well as a significant (p = .003) linear decrease. The change in cortisol associated with experimental stress exposure was greatest in HC controls and least in CHR-P patients, with CHR-CBD patients exhibiting an intermediate response. Planned contrasts revealed that the cortisol reactivity was significantly different in HC compared with CHR-P (p = .003), and in HC compared with CHR-CBD (p = .014), but was not different between CHR-P and CHR-CBD (p = .70). Across the participant groups (CHR-P, CHR-CBD and HC), changes in anxiety and experience of public speaking stress (all p's < .02) were greatest in the CHR-P and least in the HC, with CHR-CBD participants demonstrating an intermediate level of change. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that it is worthwhile to design further well powered studies which investigate whether CBD may be used to affect cortisol response in clinical high risk for psychosis patients and any effect this may have on symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Appiah-Kusi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, PO Box 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - N. Petros
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, PO Box 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - R. Wilson
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, PO Box 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - M. Colizzi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, PO Box 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF UK ,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, Policlinico “G. B. Rossi”, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - M. G. Bossong
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, PO Box 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF UK ,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht University Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. Valmaggia
- Department of Psychology, IoPPN, King’s College London, London, PO Box 77 UK ,National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - V. Mondelli
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK ,Department of Psychological Medicine, IoPPN, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - P. McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, PO Box 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF UK ,National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - S. Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, PO Box 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF UK ,National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Hite DA, Angelo L, Bhandari S, Bhattacharyya S, Bonnin E, Brousseau R, Ellis C, Faulkner H, Foran M, Goins D, Hill K, Jesse C, Kreuger D, McGuire J, Mioc B, O’Neal D, Patel P, Porter E, Wagner C. Determination of Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A) in Fortified Fluid Milk by Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/86.2.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for fast and simple measurement of retinyl palmitate (vitamin A) in fortified milk. Retinyl acetate internal standard was added to a test portion of milk followed by extraction into hexane. The hexane extract was analyzed by LC using a normal-phase silica gel column equilibrated with mobile phase (conditioned hexane–isopropanol, 99.85 + 0.15, v/v) about 1 h before injections. The retinyl palmitate concentration was calculated by using a relative response factor determined with calibration standards. In the collaborative study, 11 laboratories analyzed 13 pairs of fluid milk materials in blind duplicate. Twelve of the materials were composed of skim milk (<0.5% fat), 1% fat milk, 2% fat milk, and 1% fat chocolate milk. Each material was fortified at 3 concentrations of retinyl palmitate of approximately 581 μg/L (1000 IU/qt), 1163 μg/L (2000 IU/qt), and 2236 μg/L (4000 IU/qt). The 13th material, unfortified skim milk, served as a matrix blank. Repeatability standard deviations (RSDr) without outliers ranged from 1.5 to 5.7% and reproducibility standard deviations (RSDR) without outliers ranged from 5.0 to 22.7%. cis-Isomers co-eluted with the predominant trans-retinyl palmitate isomer and were included in the results reported by all the collaborative laboratories. Endogenous long-chain esters from milk fat were also measured with the retinyl palmitate additive. The Study Director recommends that this method for determination of retinyl palmitate in fluid milk by LC be adopted First Action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Hite
- Tennessee Department of Agriculture, Technical Services, PO Box 40627, Melrose Station, Nashville, TN 37204
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Williams JN, Speyer CB, Kreps DJ, Kimbrough DJ, Costenbader K, Bhattacharyya S. Spinal cord syndromes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: differentiating lupus myelitis, neuromyelitis optica, and multiple sclerosis. Lupus 2019; 28:1656-1662. [PMID: 31679449 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319886103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-infectious myelitis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be due to SLE myelitis, comorbid multiple sclerosis (MS), or neuromyelitis optica (NMO). We compared characteristics of these three conditions in SLE patients at a large academic institution. METHODS We searched for neurologic diagnoses of SLE myelitis, NMO myelitis, and MS myelitis among 2297 patients with at least four 1997 American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for SLE between 2000 and 2015. Each subject was reviewed by a neurologist to confirm the underlying neurologic diagnosis. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data were extracted and compared using Fisher's exact test, analysis of variance, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS Fifteen of the 2297 subjects with SLE (0.7%) met criteria for a spinal cord syndrome: seven had SLE myelitis, three had AQP4 seropositive NMO, and five had MS. The median SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 score at time of neurologic syndrome presentation was higher in SLE myelitis subjects (8, interquartile range (IQR) 7-16) compared with subjects with NMO (6, IQR 0-14) or MS (2, IQR 0-4), p = 0.02. Subjects with SLE myelitis were also more likely to have elevated anti-dsDNA antibodies at presentation (86%) compared with subjects with NMO (33%) or MS (0%), p = 0.03. CONCLUSION Myelitis occurs rarely among patients with SLE. Compared with subjects with SLE + NMO and subjects with SLE + MS, subjects with SLE myelitis had higher SLE disease activity at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Williams
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - C B Speyer
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - D J Kreps
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - D J Kimbrough
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - K Costenbader
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Patterson K, Bhattacharyya S, Personeni N, Gebbia V, Novelli P, Matteo SD, Colombo G, Pescott C. The cost of adverse event management in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer treated with first-line cetuximab and panitumumab: An Italian healthcare payer perspective. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz246.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Primus CP, McCue M, Bvekerwa I, McGuire E, Wong K, Uppal R, Ambekar S, Menezes L, Khanji M, Davies LC, Bhattacharyya S, Serafino-Wani R, Das S, Woldman S. P2764Medical management of Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis: unexpectedly favourable outcomes in an aggressive disease. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Early surgical intervention (ESI) for infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with improved outcomes. Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis (SAE) is associated with particularly high rates of tissue destruction, morbidity and mortality. However, the question as to whether ESI is mandated in all SAE continues to be debated, in both native (NVE) and prosthetic (PVE) endocarditis.
Methods
Retrospective review of all IE cases presenting to our institution from October 2015 to January 2019. IE was diagnosed following imaging and microbiological protocols as per ESC guidance, and data were extracted for those with SAE. Patients with isolated cardiac implantable electronic device IE or bacteraemia secondary to indwelling long-term venous catheter infection were excluded (non-valvular IE).
Results
Valvular IE was diagnosed in 411 patients overall; NVE in 286 (69.6%) and PVE in 125 (30.4%). S aureus was isolated in 111 patients (28.1%), of whom 5 had a Methicillin-resistant strain. SAE was confirmed in a similar proportion of NVE and PVE cases [83/111 (74.8%) and 28/111 (25.2%), respectively]. Surgical intervention was mandated in 35/83 with NVE (42.2%) and 11/28 (39.3%) with PVE, lower than in our overall cohort (55.9% and 48.8%, respectively).
In-hospital SAE mortality was 16.2% overall (18.4% medical vs 13.0% surgical), and contributes a significant proportion to overall mortality (29% to medical & 26% to surgical mortality). Figure 1 identifies the cause of death per mode of treatment, highlighting the aggressive nature of S aureus infection (abscess, disseminated infection and septic shock; n=8), the importance of advanced non-cardiac comorbidity precluding intervention (n=3) and ongoing intravenous drug use in those with PVE (n=4). However, medical management was successful in 57.8% (38/83) of NVE and 60.7% (17/28) of PVE cases, both in hospital and to a minimum follow-up of 3-months.
Conclusion
Staphylococcus aureus is virulent and highly pathogenic, driving severe sepsis and advanced tissue destruction in SAE. Despite this, medical management can be successful when following international guidance, but requires co-ordinated care driven by a multidisciplinary IE team at a cardiothoracic centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Primus
- Barts Heart Centre & Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M McCue
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - I Bvekerwa
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - E McGuire
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Wong
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Uppal
- Barts Heart Centre & Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Ambekar
- Barts Heart Centre & Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Menezes
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Khanji
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - L C Davies
- Barts Heart Centre & Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - S Das
- Barts Heart Centre & Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Woldman
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Onyiriuka EJ, Ighodaro OO, Adelaja AO, Ewim DRE, Bhattacharyya S. A numerical investigation of the heat transfer characteristics of water-based mango bark nanofluid flowing in a double-pipe heat exchanger. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02416. [PMID: 31538112 PMCID: PMC6745410 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the heat transfer characteristics of a new class of nanofluids made from mango bark was numerically simulated and studied during turbulent flow through a double pipe heat exchanger. A range of volume fractions was considered for a particle size of 100 nm. A two-phase flow was considered using the mixture model. The mixture model governing equations of continuity, momentum, energy and volume fraction were solved using the finite-volume method. The results showed an increase of the Nusselt number by 68% for a Reynolds number of 5,000 and 45% for a Reynolds number of 13 000, and the heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluid was about twice that of the base fluid. In addition, the Nusselt number decreased by an average value of 0.76 with an increase of volume fraction by 1%. It was also found that there was a range of Reynolds numbers in which the trend of the average heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluid was completely reversed, and several plots showing zones of higher heat transfer which if taken advantage of in design will lead to higher heat transfer while avoiding other zones that have low heat transfer. It is hoped that these results will influence the thermal design of new heat exchangers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Onyiriuka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - O O Ighodaro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - A O Adelaja
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - D R E Ewim
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.,Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission, No. 9, Kwame Nkrumah Crescent Asokoro, P.M.B., 646, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
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Primus CP, Clay T, Al-Khayfawee A, Scully PR, Wong K, Uppal R, Das S, Serafino-Wani R, Bhattacharyya S, Davies LC, Woldman S, Menezes L. 19718F-FDG PET/CT improves diagnostic certainty in native and prosthetic valve infective endocarditis over the modified Duke"s criteria. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez144.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C P Primus
- Barts Heart Centre & Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - T Clay
- University College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Al-Khayfawee
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - P R Scully
- University College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - K Wong
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Uppal
- Barts Heart Centre & Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Das
- Barts Heart Centre & Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Serafino-Wani
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L C Davies
- Barts Heart Centre & Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Woldman
- Barts Heart Centre & Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L Menezes
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Bhattacharyya S, Wang W, Yeldandi A, Goncalves Marangoni R, Feghali-Bostwick C, Wei J, Varga J. 958 Pharmacological inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling by tofacitinib prevents organ fibrosis: Novel therapy for scleroderma. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xu D, Bhattacharyya S, Wang W, Miller S, Varga J. 698 Novel immunomodulatory therapies for systemic sclerosis (SSc) using biodegradable nanoparticles. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Shi B, Wang W, Wei J, Bhattacharyya S, Korman B, Marangoni R, Xu D, Miller S, Akbarpour M, Bharat A, Kamp D, Cheresh P, Procissi D, de Olivera G, Chini E, Varga J. 700 Targeting SIRT/CD38/NAD+ homeostasis to mitigate fibrosis in scleroderma. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Jaya Rao G, Mazumder R, Bhattacharyya S, Chaudhuri P. Fabrication and characterization of Li4SiO4-Li2TiO3 composite ceramic pebbles using extrusion and spherodization technique. Ann Ital Chir 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Singh B, Biswas R, Bhattacharyya S, Basak A, Das A. Structural and functional characterisation of some key fatty acid biosynthesis enzymes and their mode of inhibition by thiourea derivatives. N Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.05.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Primus CP, Clay T, Al-Khayfawee A, Wong K, Uppal R, Das S, Bhattacharyya S, Davies LC, Woldman S, Menezes L. P4192Re-classification improvement using 18F-FDG PET CT in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis over the modified Duke's criteria. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p4192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C P Primus
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Clay
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Al-Khayfawee
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Wong
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Uppal
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Das
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - L C Davies
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Woldman
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Menezes
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
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Maurya SK, Gopmandal PP, Bhattacharyya S, Ohshima H. Ion partitioning effect on the electrophoresis of a soft particle with hydrophobic core. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:023103. [PMID: 30253472 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.023103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical study on the electrophoresis of a soft particle made up of a charged hydrophobic inner core surrounded by polyelectrolyte layer (PEL) is made. The dielectric permittivity of the PEL and aqueous solution are considered to be different, which creates the ion partitioning effect. The ion partitioning effect, which is accounted by the Born energy difference, modifies the distribution of mobile ions in the PEL and hence alters the particle electrophoresis. The combined effects of core hydrophobicity and the ion partitioning effect on the mobility are determined based on the Debye-Huckel approximation under a thin Debye layer assumption. An analytic expression for the electrophoretic mobility taking into account the core hydrophobicity and ion partitioning effect is obtained. The occurrence of zero mobility and reversal of mobility of the soft particle is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh K Maurya
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna-800005, India
| | - Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna-800005, India
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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40
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Ncube S, Coleman C, Strydom A, Flahaut E, de Sousa A, Bhattacharyya S. Kondo effect and enhanced magnetic properties in gadolinium functionalized carbon nanotube supramolecular complex. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8057. [PMID: 29795177 PMCID: PMC5966395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the enhancement of magnetic properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) functionalized with a gadolinium based supramolecular complex. By employing a newly developed synthesis technique we find that the functionalization method of the nanocomposite enhances the strength of magnetic interaction leading to a large effective moment of 15.79 µB and non-superparamagnetic behaviour unlike what has been previously reported. Saturating resistance at low temperatures is fitted with the numerical renormalization group formula verifying the Kondo effect for magnetic impurities on a metallic electron system. Magnetoresistance shows devices fabricated from aligned gadolinium functionalized MWNTs (Gd-Fctn-MWNTs) exhibit spin-valve switching behaviour of up to 8%. This study highlights the possibility of enhancing magnetic interactions in carbon systems through chemical modification, moreover we demonstrate the rich physics that might be useful for developing spin based quantum computing elements based on one-dimensional (1D) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ncube
- Nano-Scale Transport Physics Laboratory, School of Physics, and DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C Coleman
- Nano-Scale Transport Physics Laboratory, School of Physics, and DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Strydom
- Highly Correlated Matter Research Group, Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzerstr. 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP No. 5085, Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, cedex 9, France
| | - A de Sousa
- School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Nano-Scale Transport Physics Laboratory, School of Physics, and DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Abstract
Computational inside of Banert cascade reaction for triazole formation is studied with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The reaction proceeds mainly by SN2 initial chloride displacement rather than SN2'-type attack. Furthermore, according to the rate of reaction calculation, SN2 displacement is much faster than SN2' displacement in the order of 8. The [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement for the conversion of propargyl azide into triazafulvene has been proved as the rate-determining step having highest activation energy parameter. Solvent effect on total course of reaction has been found negligible. Furthermore, effects of different density functional theory functionals and functional groups on activation energies of [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of propargyl azide were also studied. BHHLYP, ωB97XD, M062X and BMK calculated ΔG‡ are consistent with B3LYP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bhattacharyya
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - K. Hatua
- Department of Chemistry, IIEST, Shibpur 711103, India
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Bajracharya B, Poudel P, Bajracharya D, Bhattacharyya S, Shakya P. Eosinophilic Granuloma of Mandible: A Diagnostic Challenge. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2018; 16:201-203. [PMID: 30636766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic Granuloma is the mildest and localized form of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and is characterized by clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. It is a rare disease, accounting for less than 1% of all the osseous neoplasms. It has predilection for the axial skeleton and incidence in jaws is just 7.9%. It lacks pathognomonic clinical and radiographic trait and hence is difficult to make a correct diagnosis without histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. This report describes a case of Eosinophilic Granuloma of mandible in 30 years old male who presented with complain of unhealed extraction wound and was clinically diagnosed as chronic suppurative osteomyelitis. The final diagnosis of Eosinophilic Granuloma was made only after histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bajracharya
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kantipur Dental College, Basundhara, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - P Poudel
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kantipur Dental College, Basundhara, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - D Bajracharya
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kantipur Dental College, Basundhara, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kantipur Dental College, Basundhara, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - P Shakya
- Department of Oral Surgery, Peoples Dental College, Shorakhutte, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Daum LT, Fourie PB, Peters RPH, Rodriguez JD, Worthy SA, Khubbar M, Bhattacharyya S, Gradus MS, Mboneni T, Marubini EE, Helm C, Chambers JP, Fischer GW. Xpert(®) MTB/RIF detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum collected in molecular transport medium. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 20:1118-24. [PMID: 27393549 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Xpert(®) MTB/RIF assay is widely used for Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection. However, specimen transport remains a challenge. PrimeStore Molecular Transport Medium(®) (PS-MTM) inactivates specimens and stabilizes DNA/RNA at ambient temperature for subsequent molecular detection. OBJECTIVE To compare the detection of M. tuberculosis concentrations in PS-MTM using Xpert and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and smear-positive sputum specimens collected using a flocked swab. METHODS Dilutions of M. tuberculosis in PS-MTM and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were analyzed using the Xpert assay and commercial RT-PCR. Smear-positive (1+ to 3+) sputum specimens (n = 17) were transferred by flocked swab into PS-MTM and PBS, and were compared to standard 1.0 ml sputum Xpert analysis. RESULTS Using the Xpert assay, cycle threshold values from high M. tuberculosis concentrations in PS-MTM (>10(3) colony forming units [cfu]/ml) were increased compared to control. In contrast, M. tuberculosis samples containing <10(3) cfu/ml, i.e., low concentrations, suspended in PS-MTM resulted in detection down to 10 cfu/ml. Xpert detection efficiency in PS-MTM treated samples (63.2%) was improved compared to PBS controls (34.9%). Xpert detected M. tuberculosis in all sputum specimens collected by flocked swabs in PS-MTM, and correlated with routine Xpert detection. CONCLUSIONS PS-MTM enhances M. tuberculosis detection at low concentrations of M. tuberculosis, and provides a simplified and efficient collection method for Xpert detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Daum
- Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - P B Fourie
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R P H Peters
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Anova Health Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - J D Rodriguez
- Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - S A Worthy
- Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - M Khubbar
- City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - M S Gradus
- City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - T Mboneni
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - C Helm
- Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - J P Chambers
- University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - G W Fischer
- Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Ghoshal UK, Bhattacharyya S, Gopmandal PP, De S. Nonlinear Effects on Electrophoresis of a Soft Particle and Sustained Solute Release. Transp Porous Media 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-017-0952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sotiriou A, Patel HC, Tyebally S, Raza S, Qudah T, Malik K, Patel K, Bhattacharyya S, Hayward C. 134Implantable cardioverter defibrillator use in octogenarians. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux283.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sotiriou A, Patel HC, Tyebally S, Raza S, Qudah T, Malik K, Patel K, Bhattacharyya S, Chow A, Hayward C. 60Is this the beginning of the end for warfarin? Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux283.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Karmakar M, Bhattacharyya S, Sarkar A, Mazumdar PS, Singh SD. Analysis of Thermoluminescence Glow Curves using Derivatives of different Orders. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2017; 175:493-502. [PMID: 28096312 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The suitability of the second derivative method for locating component peaks in complex thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves has been investigated in this work by considering both numerically simulated and experimental TL peaks. This technique is useful to acquire knowledge of the number of component peaks in a complex TL curve which in turn serves as a basic information before applying the deconvolution technique to the glow curve. To check the consistency of the results so obtained, we have also applied the first derivative technique to TL glow curves. It is well-known that kinetic order formalism fails for saturated TL peaks with heavy retrapping. Such peaks are usually broad and, to the best of our knowledge, have not yet been observed experimentally. The present derivative technique has been used to detect whether such broad peaks are truly single or not by considering a number of numerically simulated saturated glow curves with heavy retrapping where the conventional peak shape method fails. In all the cases considered here, the second derivative technique proves to be a potential candidate for estimating the number of peaks and their respective locations in a complex TL glow curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahua Karmakar
- Department of Physics, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata 700131, West Bengal, India
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physics, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata 700131, West Bengal, India
| | - A Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata 700131, West Bengal, India
| | - P S Mazumdar
- Department of Physics, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata 700131, West Bengal, India
| | - S D Singh
- Department of Physics, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal 795003, Manipur, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use may increase the risk of non-adherence to antipsychotics, resulting in negative outcomes in patients with psychosis. METHOD We aimed to quantitatively summarize evidence regarding the effect of cannabis use, the most commonly used illicit drug amongst those with psychosis, on adherence to antipsychotic medication. Studies were identified through a systematic database search. Adopting random-effects models, pooled odds ratios (OR) for risk of non-adherence to antipsychotic medications were calculated comparing: cannabis-users at baseline v. non-users at baseline; non users v. continued cannabis users at follow-up; non-users v. former users at follow-up; former users v. current users. RESULTS Fifteen observational studies (n = 3678) were included. Increased risk of non-adherence was observed for cannabis users compared to non-users (OR 2.46, n = 3055). At follow-up, increased risk of non-adherence was observed for current users compared to non-users (OR 5.79, n = 175) and former users (OR 5.5, n = 192), while there was no difference between former users and non-users (OR 1.12, n = 187). CONCLUSIONS Cannabis use increases the risk of non-adherence and quitting cannabis use may help adherence to antipsychotics. Thus, cannabis use may represent a potential target for intervention to improve medication adherence in those with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Foglia
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,London,UK
| | - T Schoeler
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,London,UK
| | - E Klamerus
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,London,UK
| | - K Morgan
- University of Westminster,London,UK
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,London,UK
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Mondal D, Pandit D, Mukhopadhyay S, Pal S, Dey B, Bhattacharya S, De A, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharyya S, Roy P, Banerjee K, Banerjee SR. Experimental Determination of η/s for Finite Nuclear Matter. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:192501. [PMID: 28548517 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.192501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present, for the first time, simultaneous determination of shear viscosity (η) and entropy density (s) and thus, η/s for equilibrated nuclear systems from A∼30 to A∼208 at different temperatures. At finite temperature, η is estimated by utilizing the γ decay of the isovector giant dipole resonance populated via fusion evaporation reaction, while s is evaluated from the nuclear level density parameter (a) and nuclear temperature (T), determined precisely by the simultaneous measurements of the evaporated neutron energy spectra and the compound nuclear angular momenta. The transport parameter η and the thermodynamic parameter s both increase with temperature, resulting in a mild decrease of η/s with temperature. The extracted η/s is also found to be independent of the neutron-proton asymmetry at a given temperature. Interestingly, the measured η/s values are comparable to that of the high-temperature quark-gluon plasma, pointing towards the fact that strong fluidity may be the universal feature of the strong interaction of many-body quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Mondal
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF-Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
| | - Deepak Pandit
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF-Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India
| | - S Mukhopadhyay
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF-Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
| | - Surajit Pal
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF-Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India
| | - Balaram Dey
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai-400005, India
| | - Srijit Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics, Barasat Government College, Barasat, N 24 Pgs, Kolkata-700124, India
| | - A De
- Department of Physics, Raniganj Girls' College, Raniganj-713358, India
| | - Soumik Bhattacharya
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF-Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF-Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
| | - Pratap Roy
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF-Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
| | - K Banerjee
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF-Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
| | - S R Banerjee
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF-Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
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Appiah-Kusi E, Fisher HL, Petros N, Wilson R, Mondelli V, Garety PA, Mcguire P, Bhattacharyya S. Do cognitive schema mediate the association between childhood trauma and being at ultra-high risk for psychosis? J Psychiatr Res 2017; 88:89-96. [PMID: 28103519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to childhood trauma has been associated with psychotic symptoms, being at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR), and psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Negative self-beliefs have been shown to partially mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and paranoia and have been shown to be characteristic of patients with psychosis. However, whether the association between childhood trauma and being at high risk of developing psychosis (e.g., UHR) and paranoia symptoms is mediated by altered cognitive schema is unknown and warrants investigation to inform preventive interventions. Data was collected on 30 UHR patients from Outreach and Support in South London about exposure to childhood trauma, cognitive schema, paranoia and cannabis use. Relative to healthy controls (n = 38), UHR patients were significantly more likely to report exposure to various types of childhood trauma (emotional and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect), had more negative schema and less positive schema about themselves and others, and were more likely to use cannabis more than once a month. Emotional neglect was found to be significantly associated with UHR status even after controlling for the effects of previous exposure to cannabis use (b = 0.262, 95% CI: 0.115-0.408), and this association was partially mediated by negative self-schema (b = 0.045, 95% CI: 0.004-0.159). Similarly, emotional neglect was significantly associated with paranoia (b = 1.354, 95% CI: 0.246-2.462), and this association was partially mediated by negative self-schema (b = 0.988, 95% CI: 0.323-1.895). These findings provide preliminary evidence about the cognitive mechanisms that may underlie the association between childhood trauma and later risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Appiah-Kusi
- King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 67, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - H L Fisher
- King's College London, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 80, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - N Petros
- King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 67, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - R Wilson
- King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 67, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - V Mondelli
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 92, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - P A Garety
- King's College London, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 77, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - P Mcguire
- King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 67, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 67, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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