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Saito M, Wilaisrisak P, Pimanpanarak M, Viladpai-Nguen J, Paw MK, Koesukwiwat U, Tarning J, White NJ, Nosten F, McGready R. Comparison of lumefantrine, mefloquine, and piperaquine concentrations between capillary plasma and venous plasma samples in pregnant women with uncomplicated falciparum and vivax malaria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0009324. [PMID: 38597636 PMCID: PMC11064628 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00093-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Capillary samples offer practical benefits compared with venous samples for the measurement of drug concentrations, but the relationship between the two measures varies between different drugs. We measured the concentrations of lumefantrine, mefloquine, piperaquine in 270 pairs of venous plasma and concurrent capillary plasma samples collected from 270 pregnant women with uncomplicated falciparum or vivax malaria. The median and range of venous plasma concentrations included in this study were 447.5 ng/mL (8.81-3,370) for lumefantrine (day 7, n = 76, median total dose received 96.0 mg/kg), 17.9 ng/mL (1.72-181) for desbutyl-lumefantrine, 1,885 ng/mL (762-4,830) for mefloquine (days 3-21, n = 90, median total dose 24.9 mg/kg), 641 ng/mL (79.9-1,950) for carboxy-mefloquine, and 51.8 ng/mL (3.57-851) for piperaquine (days 3-21, n = 89, median total dose 52.2 mg/kg). Although venous and capillary plasma concentrations showed a high correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.90-0.99) for all antimalarials and their primary metabolites, they were not directly interchangeable. Using the concurrent capillary plasma concentrations and other variables, the proportions of venous plasma samples predicted within a ±10% precision range was 34% (26/76) for lumefantrine, 36% (32/89) for desbutyl-lumefantrine, 74% (67/90) for mefloquine, 82% (74/90) for carboxy-mefloquine, and 24% (21/89) for piperaquine. Venous plasma concentrations of mefloquine, but not lumefantrine and piperaquine, could be predicted by capillary plasma samples with an acceptable level of agreement. Capillary plasma samples can be utilized for pharmacokinetic and clinical studies, but caution surrounding cut-off values is required at the individual level.CLINICAL TRIALSThis study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01054248.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Saito
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pornpimon Wilaisrisak
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Mupawjay Pimanpanarak
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Jacher Viladpai-Nguen
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Moo Kho Paw
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Urairat Koesukwiwat
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joel Tarning
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicholas J. White
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Francois Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rose McGready
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Ihara T, Shimura H, Tsuchiya S, Kanda M, Kira S, Sawada N, Takeda M, Mitsui T, Shigetomi E, Shinozaki Y, Koizumi S. Effects of fatty acid metabolites on nocturia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3050. [PMID: 35197540 PMCID: PMC8866436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of circadian rhythm can cause nocturia. Levels of fatty acid metabolites, such as palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), 9-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (9-HODE), and 4-hydroxy-5E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (4-HDoHE), are higher in the serum of patients with nocturia; however, the reason remains unknown. Here, we investigated the circadian rhythm of fatty acid metabolites and their effect on voiding in mice. WT and Clock mutant (ClockΔ19/Δ19) mice, a model for nocturia with circadian rhythm disorder, were used. Levels of serum PEA, 9-HODE, and 4-HDoHEl were measured every 8 h using LC/MS. Voiding pattern was recorded using metabolic cages after administration of PEA, 9-HODE, and 4-HDoHE to WT mice. Levels of serum PEA and 9-HODE fluctuated with circadian rhythm in WT mice, which were lower during the light phase. In contrast, circadian PEA and 9-HODE level deteriorated or retreated in ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice. Levels of serum PEA, 9-HODE, and 4-HDoHE were higher in ClockΔ19/Δ19 than in WT mice. Voiding frequency increased in PEA- and 4-HDoHE-administered mice. Bladder capacity decreased in PEA-administered mice. The changes of these bladder functions in mice were similar to those in elderly humans with nocturia. These findings highlighted the novel effect of lipids on the pathology of nocturia. These may be used for development of biomarkers and better therapies for nocturia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ihara
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Shimura
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Mie Kanda
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Satoru Kira
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Norifumi Sawada
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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McGurk KA, Williams SG, Guo H, Watkins H, Farrall M, Cordell HJ, Nicolaou A, Keavney BD. Heritability and family-based GWAS analyses of the N-acyl ethanolamine and ceramide plasma lipidome. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:500-513. [PMID: 33437986 PMCID: PMC8101358 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling lipids of the N-acyl ethanolamine (NAE) and ceramide (CER) classes have emerged as potential biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We sought to establish the heritability of plasma NAEs (including the endocannabinoid anandamide) and CERs, to identify common DNA variants influencing the circulating concentrations of the heritable lipids, and assess causality of these lipids in CVD using 2-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR). Nine NAEs and 16 CERs were analyzed in plasma samples from 999 members of 196 British Caucasian families, using targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. All lipids were significantly heritable (h2 = 36-62%). A missense variant (rs324420) in the gene encoding the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which degrades NAEs, associated at genome-wide association study (GWAS) significance (P < 5 × 10-8) with four NAEs (DHEA, PEA, LEA and VEA). For CERs, rs680379 in the SPTLC3 gene, which encodes a subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme in CER biosynthesis, associated with a range of species (e.g. CER[N(24)S(19)]; P = 4.82 × 10-27). We observed three novel associations between SNPs at the CD83, SGPP1 and DEGS1 loci, and plasma CER traits (P < 5 × 10-8). 2SMR in the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D cohorts (60 801 cases; 123 504 controls) and in the DIAGRAM cohort (26 488 cases; 83 964 controls), using the genetic instruments from our family-based GWAS, did not reveal association between genetically determined differences in CER levels and CVD or diabetes. Two of the novel GWAS loci, SGPP1 and DEGS1, suggested a casual association between CERs and a range of haematological phenotypes, through 2SMR in the UK Biobank, INTERVAL and UKBiLEVE cohorts (n = 110 000-350 000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A McGurk
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PG, UK
| | - Simon G Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Hui Guo
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Martin Farrall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PG, UK
| | - Bernard D Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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Pai AY, Wenziger C, Streja E, Argueta DA, DiPatrizio NV, Rhee CM, Vaziri ND, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Piomelli D, Moradi H. Impact of Circulating N-Acylethanolamine Levels with Clinical and Laboratory End Points in Hemodialysis Patients. Am J Nephrol 2021; 52:59-68. [PMID: 33601382 DOI: 10.1159/000513381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are particularly susceptible to dysregulation of energy metabolism, which may manifest as protein energy wasting and cachexia. In recent years, the endocannabinoid system has been shown to play an important role in energy metabolism with potential relevance in ESRD. N-acylethanolamines are a class of fatty acid amides which include the major endocannabinoid ligand, anandamide, and the endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonists, oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). METHODS Serum concentrations of OEA and PEA were measured in MHD patients and their correlations with various clinical/laboratory indices were examined. Secondarily, we evaluated the association of circulating PEA and OEA levels with 12-month all-cause mortality. RESULTS Both serum OEA and PEA levels positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and negatively correlated with body fat and body anthropometric measures. Serum OEA levels correlated positively with serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) (rho = 0.19; p = 0.004). Serum PEA and IL-6 showed a similar but nonsignificant trend (rho = 0.12; p = 0.07). Restricted cubic spline analyses showed that increasing serum OEA and PEA both trended toward higher mortality risk, and these associations were statistically significant for PEA (PEA ≥4.7 pmol/mL; reference: PEA <4.7 pmol/mL) after adjustments in a Cox model (hazard ratio 2.99; 95% confidence interval 1.04, 8.64). CONCLUSIONS In MHD patients, OEA and PEA are significantly correlated with variables related to lipid metabolism and body mass. Additionally, higher serum levels of PEA are associated with mortality risk. Future studies are needed to examine the potential mechanisms responsible for these findings and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Y Pai
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Cachet Wenziger
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Elani Streja
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
- Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Donovan A Argueta
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Connie M Rhee
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
- Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hamid Moradi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA,
- Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA,
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Appiah-Kusi E, Wilson R, Colizzi M, Foglia E, Klamerus E, Caldwell A, Bossong MG, McGuire P, Bhattacharyya S. Childhood trauma and being at-risk for psychosis are associated with higher peripheral endocannabinoids. Psychol Med 2020; 50:1862-1871. [PMID: 31422779 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719001946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence has been accumulating regarding alterations in components of the endocannabinoid system in patients with psychosis. Of all the putative risk factors associated with psychosis, being at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) has the strongest association with the onset of psychosis, and exposure to childhood trauma has been linked to an increased risk of development of psychotic disorder. We aimed to investigate whether being at-risk for psychosis and exposure to childhood trauma were associated with altered endocannabinoid levels. METHOD We compared 33 CHR participants with 58 healthy controls (HC) and collected information about previous exposure to childhood trauma as well as plasma samples to analyse endocannabinoid levels. RESULTS Individuals with both CHR and experience of childhood trauma had higher N-palmitoylethanolamine (p < 0.001) and anandamide (p < 0.001) levels in peripheral blood compared to HC and those with no childhood trauma. There was also a significant correlation between N-palmitoylethanolamine levels and symptoms as well as childhood trauma. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest an association between CHR and/or childhood maltreatment and elevated endocannabinoid levels in peripheral blood, with a greater alteration in those with both CHR status and history of childhood maltreatment compared to those with either of those risks alone. Furthermore, endocannabinoid levels increased linearly with the number of risk factors and elevated endocannabinoid levels correlated with the severity of CHR symptoms and extent of childhood maltreatment. Further studies in larger cohorts, employing longitudinal designs are needed to confirm these findings and delineate the precise role of endocannabinoid alterations in the pathophysiology of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Appiah-Kusi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
| | - R Wilson
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
| | - M Colizzi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Policlinico 'G. B. Rossi', P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - E Foglia
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
| | - E Klamerus
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
| | - A Caldwell
- King's College London, Mass Spectometry Facility, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - M G Bossong
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Box PO 63, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
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Bayramli R, Cevlik T, Guran T, Atay Z, Bas S, Haklar G, Bereket A, Turan S. Clinical Significance of Hypophosphatasemia in Children. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:608-615. [PMID: 32088736 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low serum alkaline phosphatase (sALP)-hypophosphatasemia-is a characteristic of hypophosphatasia (HPP), but related to several clinical conditions. Here, we evaluated the frequency, persistency and the etiology of hypophosphatasemia in children. In retrospective analyses of sALP measurements from children, evaluated according to in-house constructed age- and sex-specific reference ranges, patients with no normal sALP measurement (Unresolved hypophosphatasemia) were invited for reanalysis. Prospectively, ALP substrates, pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP), and phosphoethanolamine (PEA) were measured in patients with persistent hypophosphatasemia. Radiographs and ALPL gene sequencing for HPP were performed to the cases with elevated PEA and/or PLP. From 130,340 sALP measurements of 93,162 patients, hypophosphatasemia was detected in 1404 samples from 867 patients (0.9%). Among them, 745 had at least one normal sALP values in laboratory records, grouped as transient hypophosphatasemia. 75 out of 122 patients with unresolved hypophosphatasemia could be reanalyzed for sALP, of whom PLP and PEA measurements were required in 37 due to persistent hypophosphatasemia. Both PEA and PLP were elevated in 4 patients, and ALPL gene analysis showed heterozygous mutations in 3 patients and homozygous in 1 patient. Elevated PEA with normal PLP were detected in 3 patients, and one had a heterozygous ALPL mutation. Anemia was the most common diagnosis, and upper respiratory tract infections and chronic diseases were more common in transient and unresolved hypophosphatasemia, respectively. In conclusion, reflected persistent hypophosphatasemia frequency was 1/1552 (0.06%) in this large pediatric cohort and, ALPL gene mutations were detected in 13.5% (5/37) of the studied cases. Although biochemical hypophosphatasemia is not uncommon, clinically significant HPP is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Bayramli
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulay Cevlik
- Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulay Guran
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Atay
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serpil Bas
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goncagul Haklar
- Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Bereket
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Turan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University Hospital, Fevzi Cakmak Mh., Muhsin Yazicioglu Cd.No 41, Ustkaynarca/Pendik, 34899, Istanbul, Turkey.
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7
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ROCHMAH MAWADDAHAR, WIJAYA YOGIKONKYSILVANA, HARAHAP NURIMMAFATIMAH, TODE CHISATO, TAKEUCHI ATSUKO, OHUCHI KAZUKI, SHIMAZAWA MASAMITSU, HARA HIDEAKI, FUNATO MICHINORI, SAITO TOSHIO, SAITO KAYOKO, LAI POHSAN, AWANO HIROYUKI, SHINOHARA MASAKAZU, NISHIO HISAHIDE, NIBA EMMATABEEKO. Phosphoethanolamine Elevation in Plasma of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1 Patients. Kobe J Med Sci 2020; 66:E1-E11. [PMID: 32814752 PMCID: PMC7447103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by degeneration or loss of lower motor neurons. The survival of motor neuron (SMN) 1 gene, which produces the SMN protein, has been identified as a responsible gene for the disease. SMN is ubiquitously expressed in any tissue and may play an important role on the metabolism in the human body. However, no appropriate biomarkers reflecting the alteration in the metabolism in SMA have been identified. METHODS Low-molecular-weight metabolites were extracted from plasma of 20 human infants (9 SMA type 1 patients and 11 controls) and 9 infant mice (5 SMA-model mice, 4 control mice), and derivatized with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide. Finally, the derivatized products were applied to Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry apparatus. To confirm the metabolite abnormality in SMA type 1 patients, we performed SMN-silencing experiment using a hepatocyte-derived cell line (HepG2). RESULTS We performed a comprehensive metabolomics analysis of plasma from the patients with SMA type 1 and controls, and found that phosphoethanolamine (PEA) was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. HepG2 experiment also showed that SMN-silencing increased PEA levels. However, comprehensive metabolomics analysis of plasma from SMA-model mice and control mice showed different profile compared to human plasma; there was no increase of PEA even in the SMA-model mice plasma. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that PEA was one of the possible biomarkers of human SMA reflecting metabolic abnormalities due to the SMN protein deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- MAWADDAH AR ROCHMAH
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - YOGIK ONKY SILVANA WIJAYA
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - NUR IMMA FATIMAH HARAHAP
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - CHISATO TODE
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - ATSUKO TAKEUCHI
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - KAZUKI OHUCHI
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - MASAMITSU SHIMAZAWA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - HIDEAKI HARA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - MICHINORI FUNATO
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - TOSHIO SAITO
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - KAYOKO SAITO
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - POH SAN LAI
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - HIROYUKI AWANO
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - MASAKAZU SHINOHARA
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - HISAHIDE NISHIO
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - EMMA TABE EKO NIBA
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Abdullahi ST, Soyinka JO, Olagunju A, Bolarinwa RA, Olarewaju OJ, Bakare‐Odunola MT, Winterberg M, Tarning J, Owen A, Khoo S. CYP2B6*6 Genotype Specific Differences in Artemether-Lumefantrine Disposition in Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 60:351-360. [PMID: 31549442 PMCID: PMC7028104 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) is involved in the metabolism of the antimalarial drugs artemether and lumefantrine. Here we investigated the effect of CYP2B6*6 on the plasma pharmacokinetics of artemether, lumefantrine, and their metabolites in healthy volunteers. Thirty healthy and previously genotyped adult volunteers-15 noncarriers (CYP2B6*1/*1) and 15 homozygote carriers (CYP2B6*6/*6)-selected from a cohort of 150 subjects from the Ilorin metropolitan area were administered the complete 3-day course of artemether and lumefantrine (80 and 480 mg twice daily, respectively). Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling was conducted at different time points before and after the last dose. Plasma concentrations of artemether, lumefantrine, dihydroartemisinin, and desbutyllumefantrine were quantified using validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric methods. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using noncompartmental analysis. Artemether clearance of CYP2B6*6/*6 volunteers was nonsignificantly lower by 26% (ratios of geometric mean [90% CI]; 0.74 [0.52-1.05]), and total exposure (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity [AUC0-∞ ]) was greater by 35% (1.35 [0.95-1.93]) when compared with those of *1/*1 volunteers. Similarly, assuming complete bioconversion from artemether, the dihydroartemisinin AUC0-∞ was 22% lower. On the contrary, artemether-to-dihydroartemisinin AUC0-∞ ratio was 73% significantly higher (1.73 [1.27-2.37]). Comparison of lumefantrine exposure and lumefantrine-to-desbutyllumefantrine metabolic ratio of *6/*6 with corresponding data from *1/*1 volunteers showed no differences. The increased artemether-to-dihydroartemisinin metabolic ratio of *6/*6 volunteers is unlikely to result in differences in artemether-lumefantrine efficacy and treatment outcomes. This is the first study in humans to associate CYP2B6*6 genotype with artemether disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa'ad T. Abdullahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryObafemi Awolowo UniversityIle‐IfeNigeria
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria
| | - Julius O. Soyinka
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryObafemi Awolowo UniversityIle‐IfeNigeria
| | - Adeniyi Olagunju
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryObafemi Awolowo UniversityIle‐IfeNigeria
- Department of Molecular & Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Rahman A. Bolarinwa
- Department of HaematologyObafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals ComplexIle‐IfeNigeria
| | - Olusola J. Olarewaju
- Department of HaematologyObafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals ComplexIle‐IfeNigeria
| | | | - Markus Winterberg
- Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Joel Tarning
- Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular & Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Molecular & Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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Hanlon EC. Impact of circadian rhythmicity and sleep restriction on circulating endocannabinoid (eCB) N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide). Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 111:104471. [PMID: 31610409 PMCID: PMC7001881 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is involved in diverse aspects of human physiology and behavior but little is known about the impact of circadian rhythmicity on the system. The two most studied endocannabinoids, AEA (ananamide) and 2-AG (2-arachidonoylglycerol), can be measured in peripheral blood however the functional relevance of peripheral eCB levels is not clear. Having previously detailed the 24-h profile of serum 2-AG, here we report the 24-h serum profile of AEA to determine if these two endocannabinoids vary in parallel across the biological day including a nocturnal 8.5-h sleep period. Further, we assessed and compared the effect of a physiological challenge, in the form of sleep restriction to 4.5-h, on these two profiles. METHODS In this randomized crossover study, we examined serum concentrations of AEA across a 24-h period in fourteen young adults. Congeners of AEA, the structural analogs oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) were simultaneously assayed. Prior to 24-h blood sampling, each participant was exposed to two nights of normal (8.5 h) or restricted sleep (4.5 h). The two sleep conditions were separated by at least one month. In both sleep conditions, during the period of blood sampling, each individual ate the same high-carbohydrate meal at 0900, 1400, and 1900. RESULTS Mean 24-h concentrations of AEA were 0.697 ± 0.11 pmol/ml. A reproducible biphasic 24-h profile of AEA was observed with a first peak occurring during early sleep (0200) and a second peak in the mid-afternoon (1500) while a nadir was detected in the mid-morning (1000). The 24-h profiles for both OEA and PEA followed a similar pattern to that observed for AEA. AEA, OEA, and PEA levels were not affected by sleep restriction at any time of day, contrasting with the elevation of early afternoon levels previously observed for 2-AG. CONCLUSIONS The 24-h rhythm of AEA is markedly different from that of 2-AG, being of lesser amplitude and biphasic, rather than monophasic. These observations suggest distinct regulatory pathways of the two eCB and indicate that time of day needs to be carefully controlled in studies attempting to delineate their relative roles. Moreover, unlike 2-AG, AEA is not altered by sleep restriction, suggesting that physiological perturbations may affect AEA and 2-AG differently. Similar 24-h profiles were observed for OEA and PEA following normal and restricted sleep, further corroborating the validity of the wave-shape and lack of response to sleep loss observed for the AEA profile. Therapeutic approaches involving agonism or antagonism of peripheral eCB signaling will likely need to be tailored according to time of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Hanlon
- University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, MC 1027, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
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Grevengoed TJ, Trammell SAJ, McKinney MK, Petersen N, Cardone RL, Svenningsen JS, Ogasawara D, Nexøe-Larsen CC, Knop FK, Schwartz TW, Kibbey RG, Cravatt BF, Gillum MP. N-acyl taurines are endogenous lipid messengers that improve glucose homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24770-24778. [PMID: 31740614 PMCID: PMC6900532 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916288116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) degrades 2 major classes of bioactive fatty acid amides, the N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and N-acyl taurines (NATs), in central and peripheral tissues. A functional polymorphism in the human FAAH gene is linked to obesity and mice lacking FAAH show altered metabolic states, but whether these phenotypes are caused by elevations in NAEs or NATs is unknown. To overcome the problem of concurrent elevation of NAEs and NATs caused by genetic or pharmacological disruption of FAAH in vivo, we developed an engineered mouse model harboring a single-amino acid substitution in FAAH (S268D) that selectively disrupts NAT, but not NAE, hydrolytic activity. The FAAH-S268D mice accordingly show substantial elevations in NATs without alterations in NAE content, a unique metabolic profile that correlates with heightened insulin sensitivity and GLP-1 secretion. We also show that N-oleoyl taurine (C18:1 NAT), the most abundant NAT in human plasma, decreases food intake, improves glucose tolerance, and stimulates GPR119-dependent GLP-1 and glucagon secretion in mice. Together, these data suggest that NATs act as a class of lipid messengers that improve postprandial glucose regulation and may have potential as investigational metabolites to modify metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha J Grevengoed
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel A J Trammell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michele K McKinney
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Natalia Petersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca L Cardone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Jens S Svenningsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daisuke Ogasawara
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Christina C Nexøe-Larsen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Metabolic Physiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, 2820 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard G Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Matthew P Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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Bachkangi P, Taylor AH, Bari M, Maccarrone M, Konje JC. Prediction of preterm labour from a single blood test: The role of the endocannabinoid system in predicting preterm birth in high-risk women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 243:1-6. [PMID: 31618675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if plasma concentrations of the N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) increase in women at high risk for preterm birth (PTB) and whether these could be used to predict preterm delivery and if so, how they compare with current methods. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING A large UK teaching hospital. POPULATION 217 pregnant women were recruited between 24 and 34 gestational weeks at 'high-risk' for PTB, recruited from a prematurity prevention clinic or antenatal wards. METHODS Plasma AEA, OEA, and PEA concentrations were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry whilst FAAH enzyme activity was measured by fluorometric radiometric assay and CL by ultrasound scan. The clinical usefulness of these measurements were determined by ROC and multivariate analyses. RESULTS AEA and PEA concentrations were significantly higher in women who delivered prematurely. An AEA concentration >1.095 nM predicted PTB, the gestational age at delivery and the recruitment to delivery interval (RTDI). A PEA concentration >17.50 nM only predicted PTB; FAAH enzyme activity was not related to these changes. Multivariate analysis (all variables) generated an equation to accurately predict the RTDI. CONCLUSIONS A single plasma AEA or PEA measurement can predict PTB. A single AEA measurement predicts the gestational age of delivery and the remaining period of pregnancy with reasonable accuracy and better than existing conventional tests thus offering a better window for primary prevention of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bachkangi
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - A H Taylor
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, Department of Medicine, UK
| | | | | | - Justin C Konje
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sidra Medicine, Doha and Wellness Women's Research Center, HMC, Doha, Qatar.
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12
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Sihag J, Jones PJH. Dietary fatty acid profile influences circulating and tissue fatty acid ethanolamide concentrations in a tissue-specific manner in male Syrian hamsters. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1563-1579. [PMID: 31301433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of N‑acylethanolamines (NAEs) has prompted an increase in research aimed at understanding their biological roles including regulation of appetite and energy metabolism. However, a knowledge gap remains to understand the effect of dietary components on NAE levels, in particular, heterogeneity in dietary fatty acid (DFA) profile, on NAE levels across various organs. OBJECTIVE To identify and elucidate the impact of diet on NAE levels in seven different tissues/organs of male hamsters, with the hypothesis that DFA will act as precursors for NAE synthesis in golden Syrian male hamsters. METHOD A two-month feeding trial was performed, wherein hamsters were fed various dietary oil blends with different composition of 18-C fatty acid (FA). RESULTS DFA directly influences tissue FA and NAE levels. After C18:1n9-enriched dietary treatments, marked increases were observed in duodenal C18:1n9 and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) concentrations. Among all tissues; adipose tissue brown, adipose tissue white, brain, heart, intestine-duodenum, intestine-jejunum, and liver, a negative correlation was observed between gut-brain OEA concentrations and body weight. CONCLUSION DFA composition influences FA and NAE levels across all tissues, leading to significant shifts in intestinal-brain OEA concentrations. The endogenously synthesized increased OEA levels in these tissues enable the gut-brain-interrelationship. Henceforth, we summarize that the brain transmits anorexic properties mediated via neuronal signalling, which may contribute to the maintenance of healthy body weight. Thus, the benefits of OEA can be enhanced by the inclusion of C18:1n9-enriched diets, pointing to the possible nutritional use of this naturally occurring bioactive lipid-amide in the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sihag
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter J H Jones
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Fanelli F, Mezzullo M, Repaci A, Belluomo I, Ibarra Gasparini D, Di Dalmazi G, Mastroroberto M, Vicennati V, Gambineri A, Morselli-Labate AM, Pasquali R, Pagotto U. Profiling plasma N-Acylethanolamine levels and their ratios as a biomarker of obesity and dysmetabolism. Mol Metab 2018; 14:82-94. [PMID: 29935920 PMCID: PMC6034062 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective N-acylethanolamines play different roles in energy balance; anandamide (AEA) stimulates energy intake and storage, N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) counters inflammation, and N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) mediates anorectic signals and lipid oxidation. Inconsistencies in the association of plasma N-acylethanolamines with human obesity and cardiometabolic risk have emerged among previous studies, possibly caused by heterogeneous cohorts and designs, and by unstandardized N-acylethanolamine measurements. We aimed to characterize changes in the plasma profile, including N-acylethanolamine levels and ratios associated with obesity, menopause in women, and ageing in men, and to define the significance of such a profile as a biomarker for metabolic imbalance. Methods Adult, drug-free women (n = 103 premenopausal and n = 81 menopausal) and men (n = 144) were stratified according to the body mass index (BMI) into normal weight (NW; BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (OW; BMI: 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (OB; BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2). Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were determined. Validated blood processing and analytical procedures for N-acylethanolamine measurements were used. We investigated the effect of BMI and menopause in women, and BMI and age in men, as well as the BMI-independent influence of metabolic parameters on the N-acylethanolamine profile. Results BMI and waist circumference directly associated with AEA in women and men, and with PEA in premenopausal women and in men, while BMI directly associated with OEA in premenopausal women and in men. BMI, in both genders, and waist circumference, in women only, inversely associated with PEA/AEA and OEA/AEA. Menopause increased N-acylethanolamine levels, whereas ageing resulted in increasing OEA relative abundance in men. AEA and OEA abundances in premenopausal, and PEA and OEA abundances in lean menopausal women, were directly associated with hypertension. Conversely, PEA and OEA abundances lowered with hypertension in elderly men. Insulin resistance was associated with changes in N-acylethanolamine ratios specific for premenopausal (reduced PEA/AEA and OEA/AEA), menopausal (reduced OEA/AEA) women and men (reduced OEA/AEA and OEA/PEA). PEA and OEA levels increased with total cholesterol, and OEA abundance specifically increased with HDL-cholesterol. Elevated triglyceride levels were associated with increased N-acylethanolamine levels only in menopausal women. Conclusions Obesity-related N-acylethanolamine hypertone is characterized by imbalanced N-acylethanolamine ratios. The profile given by a combination of N-acylethanolamine absolute levels and ratios enables imbalances to be identified in relationship with different metabolic parameters, with specific relevance according to gender, menopause and age, representing a useful means for monitoring metabolic health. Finally, N-acylethanolamine system appears a promising target for intervention strategies. Obesity is featured by plasma N-acylethanolamine excess and imbalanced ratios. AEA excess is a biomarker of abdominal fat irrespectively of sex and menopause/age. PEA and OEA protect from hypertension in gender and menopause/age specific fashion. AEA excess in women and OEA deficiency in men are biomarkers of insulin resistance. High AEA in men and low OEA in men and menopausal women reflect low HDL-cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Fanelli
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Mezzullo
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Repaci
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Belluomo
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniela Ibarra Gasparini
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Guido Di Dalmazi
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marianna Mastroroberto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valentina Vicennati
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonio Maria Morselli-Labate
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Renato Pasquali
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
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van Eyk HJ, van Schinkel LD, Kantae V, Dronkers CEA, Westenberg JJM, de Roos A, Lamb HJ, Jukema JW, Harms AC, Hankemeier T, van der Stelt M, Jazet IM, Rensen PCN, Smit JWA. Caloric restriction lowers endocannabinoid tonus and improves cardiac function in type 2 diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:6. [PMID: 29343706 PMCID: PMC5851430 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-017-0016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Endocannabinoids (ECs) are associated with obesity and ectopic fat accumulation, both of which play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The effect of prolonged caloric restriction on ECs in relation to fat distribution and cardiac function is still unknown. Therefore, our aim was to investigate this relationship in obese T2D patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). SUBJECTS/METHODS In a prospective intervention study, obese T2D patients with CAD (n = 27) followed a 16 week very low calorie diet (VLCD; 450-1000 kcal/day). Cardiac function and fat accumulation were assessed with MRI and spectroscopy. Plasma levels of lipid species, including ECs, were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS VLCD decreased plasma levels of virtually all measured lipid species of the class of N-acylethanolamines including the EC anandamide (AEA; -15%, p = 0.016), without decreasing monoacylglycerols including the EC 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Baseline plasma AEA levels strongly correlated with the volume of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SAT; R2 = 0.44, p < 0.001). VLCD decreased the volume of SAT (-53%, p < 0.001), visceral white adipose tissue (VAT) (-52%, p < 0.001), epicardial white adipose tissue (-15%, p < 0.001) and paracardial white adipose tissue (-28%, p < 0.001). VLCD also decreased hepatic (-86%, p < 0.001) and myocardial (-33%, p < 0.001) fat content. These effects were accompanied by an increased left ventricular ejection fraction (54.8 ± 8.7-56.2 ± 7.9%, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Caloric restriction in T2D patients with CAD decreases AEA levels, but not 2-AG levels, which is paralleled by decreased lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, liver and heart, and improved cardiovascular function. Interestingly, baseline AEA levels strongly correlated with SAT volume. We anticipate that dietary interventions are worthwhile strategies in advanced T2D, and that reduction in AEA may contribute to the improved cardiometabolic phenotype induced by weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huub J van Eyk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Linda D van Schinkel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vasudev Kantae
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E A Dronkers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Amy C Harms
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Jazet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W A Smit
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Olatinsu AO, Sihag J, Jones PJH. Relationship Between Circulating Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Ethanolamide Levels After a Single 2-h Dietary Fat Feeding in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats : Elevated levels of oleoylethanolamide, palmitoylethanolamide, linoleoylethanolamide, arachidonoylethanolamide and docosahexanoylethanolamide after a single 2 h dietary fat feeding in male Sprague Dawley rats. Lipids 2017; 52:901-906. [PMID: 29032410 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies show that long term variations in dietary fat consumption impact circulating fatty acid ethanolamide (FAE) concentrations, however, few studies have investigated short term effects of dietary fat feeding on FAE levels. The trial's objective was to explore the effect of acute feeding of varying amounts of dietary n-9 and n-3 fatty acids on plasma and organ levels of FAE. Sixty-four rats were assigned to four groups fed meals containing 40% of energy as either safflower oil (control), canola oil (CO), or DHA rich oil (DRO), each consumed as a bolus within a 2-h window. Plasma and tissue FAE levels were measured at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h following the bolus. FAE profiles over time exhibited patterns that were specific both to FAE and to dietary fat type provided. At 3 h, plasma and liver OEA levels were higher (p < 0.05) in the 95% CO:5% DRO compared with other groups. At 12 h, plasma PEA levels were lower (p < 0.05) in the 50% CO:50% DRO group compared to the 95% CO group. Plasma DEA levels showed an increase (p < 0.05) only after 24 h of feeding. All four dietary groups manifested increased DEA levels in a dose-dependent manner. Data demonstrate that a single meal feeding of diets with different ratios of fat types impacts tissue levels of FAE within a short time frame, which could further influence the physiological roles of FAE on appetite regulation and energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthonia O Olatinsu
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, SmartPark, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jyoti Sihag
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, SmartPark, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peter J H Jones
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, SmartPark, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Gouveia-Figueira S, Goldin K, Hashemian SA, Lindberg A, Persson M, Nording ML, Laurell K, Fowler CJ. Plasma levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide, related N-acylethanolamines and linoleic acid-derived oxylipins in patients with migraine. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 120:15-24. [PMID: 28515018 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that patients with migraine have deficient levels of the endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand anandamide (AEA). It is not known, however, if this is a localised or generalised phenomenon. In the present study, levels of AEA, related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and linoleic acid-derived oxylipins have been measured in the blood of 26 healthy women and 38 women with migraine (26 with aura, 12 without aura) who were matched for age and body-mass index. Blood samples were taken on two occasions: the first sample near the start of the menstrual cycle (when present) and the second approximately fourteen days later. For a subset of migraine patients, two additional blood samples were taken, one during a migraine attack and one approximately 1 month later (to be at the same stage in the menstrual cycle, when present). NAEs and oxylipins were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Twenty-nine lipids were quantified, of which 16 were found to have a high reproducibility of measurement. There were no significant differences in the levels of AEA, the related NAEs stearoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide or any of the nine linoleic acid-derived oxylipins measured either between migraine patients with vs. without aura, or between controls and migraine patients (after stratification to take into account whether or not the individuals had regular menstruation cycles) in either of the first two samples. Levels of linoleoylethanolamide were lower in the patients with vs. without aura on the second sample but not in the first sample, but the biological importance of this finding is unclear. Due to time-dependent increases in their concentrations ex vivo prior to centrifugation, AEA and oleoylethanolamide levels in the samples collected during migraine attacks were not analysed, but for the other fourteen lipids, there were no significant differences in plasma concentrations during migraine vs. one month later. It is concluded that migraine is not associated with a generalised (as opposed to localised) deficiency in these lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Goldin
- Department of Neurology, Östersund Hospital, SE-83183 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Sanaz A Hashemian
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Agneta Lindberg
- Clinical Research Center, Region Jämtland Härjedalen, Östersund Hospital, SE-83183 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Monica Persson
- Clinical Research Center, Region Jämtland Härjedalen, Östersund Hospital, SE-83183 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Malin L Nording
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katarina Laurell
- Department of Neurology, Östersund Hospital, SE-83183 Östersund, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christopher J Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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Monteleone AM, Di Marzo V, Monteleone P, Dalle Grave R, Aveta T, Ghoch ME, Piscitelli F, Volpe U, Calugi S, Maj M. Responses of peripheral endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds to hedonic eating in obesity. Eur J Nutr 2016; 55:1799-805. [PMID: 26759262 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hedonic eating occurs independently from homeostatic needs prompting the ingestion of pleasurable foods that are typically rich in fat, sugar and/or salt content. In normal weight healthy subjects, we found that before hedonic eating, plasma levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) were higher than before nonhedonic eating, and although they progressively decreased after food ingestion in both eating conditions, they were significantly higher in hedonic eating. Plasma levels of anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), instead, progressively decreased in both eating conditions without significant differences. In this study, we investigated the responses of AEA, 2-AG, OEA and PEA to hedonic eating in obese individuals. METHODS Peripheral levels of AEA, 2-AG, OEA and PEA were measured in 14 obese patients after eating favourite (hedonic eating) and non-favourite (nonhedonic eating) foods in conditions of no homeostatic needs. RESULTS Plasma levels of 2-AG increased after eating the favourite food, whereas they decreased after eating the non-favourite food, with the production of the endocannabinoid being significantly enhanced in hedonic eating. Plasma levels of AEA decreased progressively in nonhedonic eating, whereas they showed a decrease after the exposure to the favourite food followed by a return to baseline values after eating it. No significant differences emerged in plasma OEA and PEA responses to favourite and non-favourite food. CONCLUSION Present findings compared with those obtained in our previously studied normal weight healthy subjects suggest deranged responses of endocannabinoids to food-related reward in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Monteleone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - V Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy.
| | - P Monteleone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy.
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - R Dalle Grave
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy
| | - T Aveta
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - M El Ghoch
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy
| | - F Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - U Volpe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - S Calugi
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy
| | - M Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
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Martins CJDM, Genelhu V, Pimentel MMG, Celoria BMJ, Mangia RF, Aveta T, Silvestri C, Di Marzo V, Francischetti EA. Circulating Endocannabinoids and the Polymorphism 385C>A in Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Gene May Identify the Obesity Phenotype Related to Cardiometabolic Risk: A Study Conducted in a Brazilian Population of Complex Interethnic Admixture. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142728. [PMID: 26561012 PMCID: PMC4641669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system is associated with cardiometabolic complications of obesity. Allelic variants in coding genes for this system components may contribute to differences in the susceptibility to obesity and related health hazards. These data have mostly been shown in Caucasian populations and in severely obese individuals. We investigated a multiethnic Brazilian population to study the relationships among the polymorphism 385C>A in an endocannabinoid degrading enzyme gene (FAAH), endocannabinoid levels and markers of cardiometabolic risk. Fasting plasma levels of endocannabinoids and congeners (anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, N-oleoylethanolamide and N-palmitoylethanolamide) were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in 200 apparently healthy individuals of both genders with body mass indices from 22.5 ± 1.8 to 35.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2 (mean ± 1 SD) and ages between 18 and 60 years. All were evaluated for anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, metabolic variables, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, and genotyping. The endocannabinoid levels increased as a function of obesity and insulin resistance. The homozygous genotype AA was associated with higher levels of anandamide and lower levels of adiponectin versus wild homozygous CC and heterozygotes combined. The levels of anandamide were independent and positively associated with the genotype AA position 385 of FAAH, C-reactive protein levels and body mass index. Our findings provide evidence for an endocannabinoid-related phenotype that may be identified by the combination of circulating anandamide levels with genotyping of the FAAH 385C>A; this phenotype is not exclusive to mono-ethnoracial populations nor to individuals with severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyro José de Moraes Martins
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology (CLINEX), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Virginia Genelhu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology (CLINEX), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Pro-Rector for Research and Postgraduate Education, UNIGRANRIO, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Miguel Jorge Celoria
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology (CLINEX), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Fabris Mangia
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology (CLINEX), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Teresa Aveta
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli NA, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli NA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli NA, Italy
| | - Emilio Antonio Francischetti
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology (CLINEX), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Pro-Rector for Research and Postgraduate Education, UNIGRANRIO, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Vacondio F, Bassi M, Silva C, Castelli R, Carmi C, Scalvini L, Lodola A, Vivo V, Flammini L, Barocelli E, Mor M, Rivara S. Amino Acid Derivatives as Palmitoylethanolamide Prodrugs: Synthesis, In Vitro Metabolism and In Vivo Plasma Profile in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128699. [PMID: 26053855 PMCID: PMC4460047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has antinflammatory and antinociceptive properties widely exploited in veterinary and human medicine, despite its poor pharmacokinetics. Looking for prodrugs that could progressively release PEA to maintain effective plasma concentrations, we prepared carbonates, esters and carbamates at the hydroxyl group of PEA. Chemical stability (pH 7.4) and stability in rat plasma and liver homogenate were evaluated by in vitro assays. Carbonates and carbamates resulted too labile and too resistant in plasma, respectively. Ester derivatives, prepared by conjugating PEA with various amino acids, allowed to modulate the kinetics of PEA release in plasma and stability in liver homogenate. L-Val-PEA, with suitable PEA release in plasma, and D-Val-PEA, with high resistance to hepatic degradation, were orally administered to rats and plasma levels of prodrugs and PEA were measured at different time points. Both prodrugs showed significant release of PEA, but provided lower plasma concentrations than those obtained with equimolar doses of PEA. Amino-acid esters of PEA are a promising class to develop prodrugs, even if they need further chemical optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vacondio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Bassi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Silva
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Castelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Carmi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Vivo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Flammini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
- * E-mail:
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20
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Schrieks IC, Ripken D, Stafleu A, Witkamp RF, Hendriks HFJ. Effects of mood inductions by meal ambiance and moderate alcohol consumption on endocannabinoids and N-acylethanolamines in humans: a randomized crossover trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126421. [PMID: 25962070 PMCID: PMC4427437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The endocannabinoid system is suggested to play a regulatory role in mood. However, the response of circulating endocannabinoids (ECs) to mood changes has never been tested in humans. In the present study, we examined the effects of mood changes induced by ambiance and moderate alcohol consumption on plasma ECs 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), and some N-acylethanolamine (NAE) congeners in humans. Methods Healthy women (n = 28) participated in a randomized cross-over study. They consumed sparkling white wine (340 mL; 30 g alcohol) or alcohol-free sparkling white wine (340 mL; <2 g alcohol) as part of a standard evening meal in a room with either a pleasant or an unpleasant ambiance. Results Plasma concentrations of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and stearoylethanolamide (SEA) increased after 30 min in the unpleasant ambiance, while they decreased in the pleasant ambiance. Changes in ECs and their NAE congeners correlated with mood states, such as happiness and fatigue, but in the pleasant ambiance without alcohol only. ECs and their NAE congeners were correlated with serum free fatty acids and cortisol. Conclusion This is the first human study to demonstrate that plasma NAEs are responsive to an unpleasant meal ambiance. Furthermore, associations between mood states and ECs and their NAE congeners were observed. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01426022
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse C. Schrieks
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Dina Ripken
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annette Stafleu
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Renger F. Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk F. J. Hendriks
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
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Gouveia-Figueira S, Nording ML, Gaida JE, Forsgren S, Alfredson H, Fowler CJ. Serum levels of oxylipins in achilles tendinopathy: an exploratory study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123114. [PMID: 25875933 PMCID: PMC4395257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Linoleic acid-derived oxidation products are found in experimental pain models. However, little is known about the levels of such oxylipins in human pain. In consequence, in the present study, we have undertaken a lipidomic profiling of oxylipins in blood serum from patients with Achilles tendinopathy and controls. Methodology/Principal findings A total of 34 oxylipins were analysed in the serum samples. At a significance level of P<0.00147 (<0.05/34), two linoleic acid-derived oxylipins, 13-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic (13-HODE) and 12(13)-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-DiHOME) were present at significantly higher levels in the Achilles tendinopathy samples. This difference remained significant when the dataset was controlled for age, gender and body-mass index. In contrast, 0/21 of the arachidonic acid- and 0/4 of the dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahenaenoic acid-derived oxylipins were higher in the patient samples at this level of significance. The area under the Receiver-Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve for 12,13-DiHOME was 0.91 (P<0.0001). Levels of four N-acylethanolamines were also analysed and found not to be significantly different between the controls and the patients at the level of P<0.0125 (<0.05/4). Conclusions/Significance It is concluded from this exploratory study that abnormal levels of linoleic acid-derived oxylipins are seen in blood serum from patients with Achilles tendinopathy. Given the ability of two of these, 9- and 13-HODE to activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, it is possible that these changes may contribute to the symptoms seen in Achilles tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gouveia-Figueira
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Jamie E. Gaida
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sture Forsgren
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Alfredson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christopher J. Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Chandra R, Ansah P, Sagara I, Sie A, Tiono AB, Djimde AA, Zhao Q, Robbins J, Penali LK, Ogutu B. Comparison of azithromycin plus chloroquine versus artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children in Africa: a randomized, open-label study. Malar J 2015; 14:108. [PMID: 25881046 PMCID: PMC4358906 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This randomized, open-label study was conducted to establish the non-inferiority of a combination of azithromycin (AZ) and chloroquine (CQ) to artemether-lumefantrine (AL) for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in children from six sites in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria between six and 59 months of age were randomized 1:1 to either AZCQ (30 mg/kg AZ + 10 mg/kg CQ base) or AL per prescribing information for three days (Days 0, 1, 2). Each site could enrol in the study population once the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in five children five to 12 years of age was deemed to be effective and well tolerated. The primary efficacy evaluation was the proportion of subjects in both the modified intent-to-treat (MITT) and per-protocol (PP) populations with an adequate clinical and parasitological response (PCR corrected) at Day 28. Non-inferiority was concluded if the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval comparing the two groups was 10 percentage points or greater. RESULTS A total of 255 children were enrolled in the efficacy analysis (AZCQ, n = 124; AL, n = 131). The PCR corrected clearance rates were 89% (AZCQ) versus 98% (AL) for MITT, a difference of -9.10 (95% confidence interval; -16.02, -2.18) and 93% (AZCQ) versus 99% (AL) for PP, a difference of -6.08 (-12.10, -0.05). Early and late treatment failures were more common in subjects receiving AZCQ. Adverse events were more common in subjects treated with AZCQ. Drug concentrations obtained at specified time points following AZCQ administration had a large coefficient of variation partially due to sparse sampling with sample collection time window. CONCLUSIONS In this study, non-inferiority of AZCQ to AL was not demonstrated. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00677833 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Ansah
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service War Memorial Hospital, Navrongo, Ghana.
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Ali Sie
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, Nouna, Burkina Faso.
| | - Alfred B Tiono
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Abdoulaye A Djimde
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Qinying Zhao
- Global Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
| | - Jeffery Robbins
- Global Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
| | - Louis K Penali
- Institut Pasteur de Côte d' Ivoire, Unité de Paludologie, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Bernhards Ogutu
- Walter Reed Project, Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
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Mallipedhi A, Prior SL, Dunseath G, Bracken RM, Barry J, Caplin S, Eyre N, Morgan J, Baxter JN, O'Sullivan SE, Sarmad S, Barrett DA, Bain SC, Luzio SD, Stephens JW. Changes in plasma levels of N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine and N-palmitoylethanolamine following bariatric surgery in morbidly obese females with impaired glucose homeostasis. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:680867. [PMID: 25874237 PMCID: PMC4385619 DOI: 10.1155/2015/680867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We examined endocannabinoids (ECs) in relation to bariatric surgery and the association between plasma ECs and markers of insulin resistance. METHODS A study of 20 participants undergoing bariatric surgery. Fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose, lipids, insulin, and C-peptide were recorded preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively with plasma ECs (AEA, 2-AG) and endocannabinoid-related lipids (PEA, OEA). RESULTS Gender-specific analysis showed differences in AEA, OEA, and PEA preoperatively with reductions in AEA and PEA in females postoperatively. Preoperatively, AEA was correlated with 2-hour glucose (r = 0.55, P = 0.01), HOMA-IR (r = 0.61, P = 0.009), and HOMA %S (r = -0.71, P = 0.002). OEA was correlated with weight (r = 0.49, P = 0.03), waist circumference (r = 0.52, P = 0.02), fasting insulin (r = 0.49, P = 0.04), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.48, P = 0.05). PEA was correlated with fasting insulin (r = 0.49, P = 0.04). 2-AG had a negative correlation with fasting glucose (r = -0.59, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Gender differences exist in circulating ECs in obese subjects. Females show changes in AEA and PEA after bariatric surgery. Specific correlations exist between different ECs and markers of obesity and insulin and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Mallipedhi
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Morriston Hospital, ABM University Health Board, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
| | - Sarah L. Prior
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gareth Dunseath
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Richard M. Bracken
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Jonathan Barry
- Welsh Institute of Metabolic and Obesity Surgery, Morriston Hospital, ABM University Health Board, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
| | - Scott Caplin
- Welsh Institute of Metabolic and Obesity Surgery, Morriston Hospital, ABM University Health Board, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
| | - Nia Eyre
- Welsh Institute of Metabolic and Obesity Surgery, Morriston Hospital, ABM University Health Board, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
| | - James Morgan
- Welsh Institute of Metabolic and Obesity Surgery, Morriston Hospital, ABM University Health Board, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
| | - John N. Baxter
- Welsh Institute of Metabolic and Obesity Surgery, Morriston Hospital, ABM University Health Board, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
| | - Saoirse E. O'Sullivan
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Sarir Sarmad
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David A. Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stephen C. Bain
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Steve D. Luzio
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Jeffrey W. Stephens
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Morriston Hospital, ABM University Health Board, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
- Welsh Institute of Metabolic and Obesity Surgery, Morriston Hospital, ABM University Health Board, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
- *Jeffrey W. Stephens:
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Gachet MS, Rhyn P, Bosch OG, Quednow BB, Gertsch J. A quantitiative LC-MS/MS method for the measurement of arachidonic acid, prostanoids, endocannabinoids, N-acylethanolamines and steroids in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 976-977:6-18. [PMID: 25436483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Free arachidonic acid is functionally interlinked with different lipid signaling networks including those involving prostanoid pathways, the endocannabinoid system, N-acylethanolamines, as well as steroids. A sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, noladin ether, lineoyl ethanolamide, oleoyl ethanolamide, palmitoyl ethanolamide, steroyl ethanolamide, aldosterone, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, and testosterone in human plasma was developed and validated. Analytes were extracted using acetonitrile precipitation followed by solid phase extraction. Separations were performed by UFLC using a C18 column and analyzed on a triple quadrupole MS with electron spray ionization. Analytes were run first in negative mode and, subsequently, in positive mode in two independent LC-MS/MS runs. For each analyte, two MRM transitions were collected in order to confirm identity. All analytes showed good linearity over the investigated concentration range (r>0.98). Validated LLOQs ranged from 0.1 to 190ng/mL and LODs ranged from 0.04 to 12.3ng/mL. Our data show that this LC-MS/MS method is suitable for the quantification of a diverse set of bioactive lipids in plasma from human donors (n=32). The determined plasma levels are in agreement with the literature, thus providing a versatile method to explore pathophysiological processes in which changes of these lipids are implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Salomé Gachet
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Rhyn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver G Bosch
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Lenggstr. 31, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Lenggstr. 31, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Onyamboko MA, Fanello CI, Wongsaen K, Tarning J, Cheah PY, Tshefu KA, Dondorp AM, Nosten F, White NJ, Day NPJ. Randomized comparison of the efficacies and tolerabilities of three artemisinin-based combination treatments for children with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:5528-36. [PMID: 25001306 PMCID: PMC4135835 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02682-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An open-label, randomized controlled trial was carried out in 2011-2012 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to test the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the artemisinin-based combination treatments dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, amodiaquine-artesunate, and artemether-lumefantrine. Six hundred eighty-four children aged 3 to 59 months with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were randomly allocated to each study arm. Children were hospitalized for 3 days, given supervised treatment, and followed up weekly for 42 days. All regimens were well tolerated and rapidly effective. The median parasitemia clearance half-life was 2.2 h, and half-lives were similar between arms (P=0.19). The PCR-uncorrected cure rates by day 42 were 73.0% for amodiaquine-artesunate, 70.2% for artemether-lumefantrine, and 86.3% for dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (P=0.001). Early treatment failure occurred in three patients (0.5%), one in each arm. The PCR-corrected cure rates were 93.4% for amodiaquine-artesunate, 92.7% for artemether-lumefantrine, and 94.3% for dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (P=0.78). The last provided a longer posttreatment prophylactic effect than did the other two treatments. The day 7 plasma concentration of piperaquine was below 30 ng/ml in 47% of the children treated with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, and the day 7 lumefantrine concentration was below 280 ng/ml in 37.0% of children who received artemether-lumefantrine. Thus, although cure rates were all satisfactory, they could be improved by increasing the dose. (This study has been registered with the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register [www.isrctn.org] under registration no. ISRCTN20984426.).
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Onyamboko
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - C I Fanello
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K Wongsaen
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - J Tarning
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - P Y Cheah
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K A Tshefu
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - A M Dondorp
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - F Nosten
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - N J White
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - N P J Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Schaefer C, Enning F, Mueller JK, Bumb JM, Rohleder C, Odorfer TM, Klosterkötter J, Hellmich M, Koethe D, Schmahl C, Bohus M, Leweke FM. Fatty acid ethanolamide levels are altered in borderline personality and complex posttraumatic stress disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 264:459-63. [PMID: 24253425 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-013-0470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Borderline personality (BPD) and complex posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) are both powerfully associated with the experience of interpersonal violence during childhood and adolescence. The disorders frequently co-occur and often result in pervasive problems in, e.g., emotion regulation and altered pain perception, where the endocannabinoid system is deeply involved. We hypothesize an endocannabinoid role in both disorders. We investigated serum levels of the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol and related fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs) in BPD, PTSD, and controls. Significant alterations were found for both endocannabinoids in BPD and for the FAE oleoylethanolamide in PTSD suggesting a respective link to both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Schaefer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
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Abdulnour J, Yasari S, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Faraj M, Petrosino S, Piscitelli F, Prud' Homme D, Di Marzo V. Circulating endocannabinoids in insulin sensitive vs. insulin resistant obese postmenopausal women. A MONET group study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:211-6. [PMID: 23616305 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the circulating levels of endocannabinoids and related molecules at fasting, after acute hyperinsulinemia and after weight loss in insulin sensitive vs. insulin resistant obese postmenopausal women. DESIGN AND METHODS The sample consisted of 30 obese postmenopausal women (age: 58.9 ± 5.2 yrs; BMI: 32.9 ± 3.6 kg/m(2) ). Subjects underwent a 3-hour hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp (HEC) (glucose disposal rate (M-value): 10.7 ± 3.3 mg min(-1) kg(-1) FFM) and 6-month weight loss intervention. Participants were classified as insulin sensitive obese (ISO) or insulin resistant obese (IRO) based on a predefined cutoff. Plasma levels of the endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and of the AEA-related compounds, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS IRO presented higher levels of 2-AG (P < 0.05) independently of the HEC and weight loss, whereas the HEC had an independent inhibitory effect on AEA, PEA, and OEA levels (P < 0.05) in both groups. Furthermore, there was an independent stimulatory effect of weight loss only on PEA levels in both groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to show that higher circulating levels of the endocannabinoid 2-AG are found in IRO compared to ISO postmenopausal women, and that weight loss is associated with an increase in PEA, a PPAR-α ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Abdulnour
- School of Human Kinetics Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Gebeh AK, Willets JM, Bari M, Hirst RA, Marczylo TH, Taylor AH, Maccarrone M, Konje JC. Elevated anandamide and related N-acylethanolamine levels occur in the peripheral blood of women with ectopic pregnancy and are mirrored by changes in peripheral fatty acid amide hydrolase activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:1226-34. [PMID: 23372171 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies from knockout mice suggest that perturbations in oviductal endocannabinoid levels, endocannabinoid receptors, or endocannabinoid degrading enzyme [fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)] expression result in infertility secondary to physical trapping of embryos. Similar observations have been made in ectopic pregnant women together with a suggestion that the endocannabinoid receptor gene polymorphism 1359G/A (rs1049353) is associated with ectopic pregnancy. These observations led to the hypothesis that ectopic pregnancy is associated with a perturbation in levels of endocannabinoids and FAAH activity and that such changes are associated with impaired tubal function. AIMS The objective of the study was to quantify the plasma levels of endocannabinoids (anandamide, oleoylethanolamide, and palmitoylethanolamide) and evaluate blood endocannabinoid metabolizing enzyme activities FAAH and N-acyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) in ectopic pregnancy and normal pregnant controls and relate that to β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels. Additionally, we wanted to examine the effect of endocannabinoids on cilia beat frequency in Fallopian tube epithelial cells ex vivo. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Whole blood collected from ectopic and normal pregnancies was used for quantification of plasma endocannabinoid levels by ultra-HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry of FAAH and NAPE-PLD enzyme activities by radiometric assays, and β-hCG by immunoassay. Fallopian tube epithelial cells from healthy volunteers were treated with endocannabinoids and cilia beat frequency analyzed using a high-speed digital camera and CiliaFA software. RESULTS FAAH activity (P < .05) but not NAPE-PLD activity was significantly reduced in ectopic pregnancies. All 3 endocannabinoids levels were significantly higher (P < .05) in ectopic pregnancy. There was no correlation between endocannabinoids, enzyme activity, and β-hCG levels. Oleoylethanolamide (P < .05), but not methanandamide or palmitoylethanolamide, significantly decreased cilia beat frequency in Fallopian tube epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Elevated endocannabinoid levels and reduced FAAH activity are associated with ectopic pregnancy and may modulate tubal function, suggesting dysfunctional endocannabinoid action in ectopic implantation. Oleoylethanolamide may play a critical role in embryo-tubal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpha K Gebeh
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, United Kingdom
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Huang L, Li X, Marzan F, Lizak PS, Aweeka FT. Determination of lumefantrine in small-volume human plasma by LC-MS/MS: using a deuterated lumefantrine to overcome matrix effect and ionization saturation. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:157-66. [PMID: 22250798 PMCID: PMC3321395 DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To support pediatric study, a method to determine lumefantrine (LF) with small sample volume is needed. Matrix effect (ME) is a daunting issue in LF quantification in human plasma with LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Here we report an LC-MS/MS method with a deuterated LF as the internal standard (IS). Plasma sample (25 µl) was acidified with 5% formic acid prior to extraction with ethyl acetate. The recovery was over 80%. The absolute ME was within the range of 100 ± 8% for both LF and the IS, but cumulative ME was observed via large variation of IS signal. The cumulative ME and ionization saturation were overcome with the co-eluting LF-D(9) as the IS. The linear range of calibration curve was 50-20,000 ng/ml. CONCLUSION ME and ionization saturation was overcome with a deuterated IS. The method utilized a small sample volume, suitable for pediatric study with capillary tube blood collection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liusheng Huang
- Drug Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
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Saxena P, Bhatnagar A, Nishad DK, Tyagi R, Rana P, Ali S, Mittal G. Transient cell function disruption by low dose acute exposure of ionizing radiation. Indian J Exp Biol 2011; 49:895-903. [PMID: 22403862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Incubation of BMG-1 cells with thallium chloride (201Tl) in the range of diagnostic dose did not show a smooth uptake curve and appeared to have an unsuspected deviation in initial phase. In the present study this unexpected phenomenon was explored, using commonly used radionuclides (viz., 201Tl and 131I). Comparison was made with technetium-99m pertechnetate (99mTcO4(-)) and technetium-99m labeled methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) that are known to show conventional 2 phase graph representing inflow and outflow segments. Serial in vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo gamma scintigraphy as well as NMR spectroscopy experiments were conducted to corroborate the results. BMG-1 cells demonstrated a four-phase uptake pattern with 201Tl as compared to a conventional biphasic pattern with 99mTc-MIBI. Flow cytometry data however did not reveal any 201Tl induced cell injury. Further, mice tissue extracts injected with 201Tl also showed a transient depression in its uptake. Scintigraphy experiments in rabbits administered with diagnostic dose of 201Tl and 131I confirmed the in vitro and ex vivo findings. Further, proton NMR spectroscopy showed decrease in the level of choline at 3 h and 24 h in 201Tl treated animals as compared to control. Phosphoethanolamine peak firstly decreased at 3 h but reached normal level at 24 h time point. No significant change was observed in the level of betaine. This transient reduction in internalization of 201Tl and 131I may represent a hitherto unknown acute effect of low dose radiation, i.e., transient depression in Na+-K+ ATPase pump activity without any apparent evidence of cell damage, representing a transient cell membrane dysfunction. The phenomenon may present a mechanistical explanation of 'thyroid stunning' at cellular level and suggest that it may be more universal in nature than suspected till now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saxena
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence R&D Organisation, Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi 110 054, India
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Hudz' IA, Hula NM, Khmel' TO, Horid'ko TM, Berdyshev AH. [Antioxidative effect of the N-stearoylethanolamine in the heart tissue and blood plasma of rats under doxorubicin treatment]. Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999) 2011; 83:86-91. [PMID: 22364023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The influence of N-stearoylethanolamine on the alterated antioxidant enzyme activity in the heart tissue and blood plasma of rats under the doxorubicin treatment was investigated. It was shown that doxorubicin administration caused the decrease of antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in the heart tissue. Administration of the NSE promoted the partial normalization of these enzymes activity. It was shown that doxorubicin treatment caused the increase of the urea and creatinine level in the blood plasma of experimental animals. The NSE administration normalized the level of the urea and did not affect creatinine level.
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Fonseca BM, Correia-da-Silva G, Taylor AH, Lam PMW, Marczylo TH, Konje JC, Bell SC, Teixeira NA. N-acylethanolamine levels and expression of their metabolizing enzymes during pregnancy. Endocrinology 2010; 151:3965-74. [PMID: 20534733 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Decidualization is essential for a successful pregnancy and is a tightly regulated process influenced by the local microenvironment. Lipid-based mediators, such as the endocannabinoid anandamide, and other compounds that have cannabimimetic actions may act on the decidua during early pregnancy. In this study, the levels of N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) and two other N-acylethanolamines, N-oleoylethanolamine and N-palmitoylethanolamine, were measured in rat plasma and maternal tissues between d 8 and 19 of pregnancy by ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The spatiotemporal expression of N-acylethanolamine metabolizing enzymes in implantation units were also determined by quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry and shown to vary with gestation being mainly localized in decidual cells. The data also indicated that plasma and tissues levels of all three N-acylethanolamines fluctuate throughout pregnancy. Tissue levels of endocannabinoids did not correlate with plasma, suggesting that during pregnancy, maternal tissue levels of endocannabinoids are primarily regulated by in situ production and degradation to create endocannabinoid gradients conducive to successful pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Fonseca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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Singh SK, Suresh MV, Prayther DC, Moorman JP, Rusiñol AE, Agrawal A. Phosphoethanolamine-complexed C-reactive protein: a pharmacological-like macromolecule that binds to native low-density lipoprotein in human serum. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 394:94-8. [PMID: 18486609 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase plasma protein. An important binding specificity of CRP is for the modified forms of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in which the phosphocholine-binding sites of CRP participate. CRP, however, does not bind to native LDL. METHODS We investigated the interaction of CRP with native LDL using sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. RESULTS We found that the blocking of the phosphocholine-binding sites of CRP with phosphoethanolamine (PEt) converted CRP into a potent molecule for binding to native LDL. In the presence of PEt, CRP acquired the ability to bind to fluid-phase purified native LDL. Because purified native LDL may undergo subtle modifications, we also used whole human serum as the source of native LDL. In the presence of PEt, CRP bound to native LDL in serum also. The effect of PEt on CRP was selective for LDL because PEt-complexed CRP did not bind to high-density lipoprotein in the serum. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacologic intervention of endogenous CRP by PEt-based compounds, or the use of exogenously prepared CRP-PEt complexes, may turn out to be an effective approach to capture native LDL cholesterol in vivo to prevent the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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Pestel S, Krzykalla V, Weckesser G. Measurement of glomerular filtration rate in the conscious rat. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2007; 56:277-89. [PMID: 17582786 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an important parameter for studying drug-induced impairments on renal function in rats. The GFR is calculated from the concentration of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum and in urine, respectively. Following current protocols serum and urine samples must be taken from the same animal. Thus, in order to determine time-dependent effects it is necessary to use for each time point one separated group of animals. We developed a statistical test which allows analyzing the GFR from two different groups of animals: one used for repeated serum and the other one used for repeated urine analysis. METHODS Serum and urine samples were taken from two different sets of rats which were otherwise treated identically, i.e. drug doses, routes of administration (per os or per inhalation) and tap water loading. For each dose group GFR mean, standard deviation and statistical analysis to identify differences between the dose groups were determined. RESULTS After determination of the optimal time points for measurements, the effect on GFR of the three reference compounds, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide and formoterol, was calculated. The results showed that the diuretic drugs furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide decreased the GFR and the antidiuretic drug formoterol increased the GFR, as counter regulation on urine loss or urine retention, respectively. DISCUSSION A mathematical model and the corresponding algorithm were developed, which can be used to calculate the GFR, and to test for differences between groups from two separated sets of rats, one used for urine, and the other one for serum analysis. This new method has the potential to reduce the number of animals needed and to improve the quality of data generated from various groups of animals in renal function studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Pestel
- Group General Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Support, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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Häussermann S, Acerbi D, Brand P, Herpich C, Poli G, Sommerer K, Meyer T. Lung deposition of formoterol HFA (Atimos/Forair) in healthy volunteers, asthmatic and COPD patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 20:331-41. [PMID: 17894539 DOI: 10.1089/jam.2007.0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of lung function on lung deposition of a radioactively labeled Formotoerol HFA MDI (Forair) was investigated. Eighteen subjects were measured: 6 healthy subjects (FEV(1) = 107% pred), 6 patients with Asthma (FEV(1) = 72% pred), and 6 patients with COPD (FEV(1) = 40% pred). The lung deposition of the radioactive-labeled drug was measured with a gamma camera. The lung deposition relative to the emitted dose was 31% for healthy subjects, 34% for asthmatics, and 35% for COPD patients. These data suggest a comparable lung deposition in the different populations. There was no significant correlation between lung function (FEV(1)) and lung deposition. The extrathoracic deposition was around 50%. The finding were that lung deposition of the inhaled Formoterol did not depend on lung function and the relative high values of lung deposition can be explained by the small particle size (0.8 microm) of the HFA-Formoterol-Formulation and the slow inhalation (30 L/min flow) used in this study. It can be concluded, that with this modern HFA drug formulation, the deposition is high, even in obstructed lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Häussermann
- Inamed Research GmbH & Co. KG, Robert-Koch-Allee 29, 82131 Gauting, Germany
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Selvan PS, Gowda KV, Mandal U, Solomon WDS, Pal TK. Simultaneous determination of fixed dose combination of nebivolol and valsartan in human plasma by liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 858:143-50. [PMID: 17884739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and accurate liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometry method is described for the simultaneous determination of nebivolol and valsartan in human plasma. Nebivolol and valsartan were extracted from plasma using acetonitrile and separated on a C18 column. The mobile phase consisting of a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.05 mM formic acid (50:50 v/v, pH 3.5) was delivered at a flow rate of 0.25 ml/min. Atmospheric pressure ionization (API) source was operated in both positive and negative ion mode for nebivolol and valsartan, respectively. Selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM) using the transitions of m/z 406.1-->m/z 150.9; m/z 434.2-->m/z 179.0 and m/z 409.4-->m/z 228.1 were used to quantify nebivolol, valsartan and internal standard (IS), respectively. The linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 0.01-50.0 ng/ml and 1.0-2000.0 ng/ml and the lower limits of quantitation were 0.01 ng/ml and 1.0 ng/ml for nebivolol and valsartan, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of fixed dose combination (FDC) of nebivolol and valsartan formulation product after an oral administration to healthy human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Senthamil Selvan
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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Blessborn D, Römsing S, Annerberg A, Sundquist D, Björkman A, Lindegardh N, Bergqvist Y. Development and validation of an automated solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatographic method for determination of lumefantrine in capillary blood on sampling paper. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 45:282-7. [PMID: 17719735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A bioanalytical method for the determination of lumefantrine in 100 microl blood applied onto sampling paper, by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography, has been developed and validated. Whatman 31 ET Chr sampling paper was pre-treated with 0.75 M tartaric acid before sampling capillary blood to enable a high recovery of lumefantrine. Lumefantrine was extracted from the sampling paper, then further purified using solid-phase extraction and finally quantified with HPLC. The between-day variation was below 10% over the range 0.4-25 microM. The lower limit of quantification was 0.25 microM in 100 microl capillary blood. No decrease in lumefantrine concentration in dried blood spot is seen after 4 months storage at 22 degrees C. The method was also evaluated in field samples from patients in Tanzania after treatment with lumefantrine/artemether. Lumefantrine could be estimated accurately enough to assess bioavailability and treatment compliance on day 7 (i.e. 4 days after the last dose) after a standard regimen with the lumefantrine/artemether combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Blessborn
- Dalarna University College, Borlänge, Sweden
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Hefnawy MM, Sultan MA, Al-Shehri MM. HPLC separation technique for analysis of bufuralol enantiomers in plasma and pharmaceutical formulations using a vancomycin chiral stationary phase and UV detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 856:328-36. [PMID: 17681871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of bufuralol enantiomers in plasma and pharmaceutical formulations. Enantiomeric resolution was achieved on a vancomycin macrocyclic antibiotic chiral stationary phase (CSP) known as Chirobiotic V with UV detection set at 254 nm. The polar ionic mobile phase (PIM) consisting of methanol-glacial acetic acid-triethylamine (100:0.015:0.010, v/v/v) has been used at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The method is highly specific where other coformulated compounds did not interfere. The stability of bufuralol enantiomers under different degrees of temperature was also studied. The results showed that the drug is stable for at least 7 days at 70 degrees C. The method was validated for its linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. An experimental design was used during validation to evaluate method robustness. The calibration curves in plasma were linear over the range of 5-500 ng/ml for each enantiomer with detection limit of 2 ng/ml. The mean relative standard deviation (RSD) of the results of within-day precision and accuracy of the drug were <or=10%. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between inter- and intra-day studies for each enantiomer which confirmed the reproducibility of the assay method. The mean extraction efficiency for S-(-)- and R-(+)-bufuralol from plasma was in the range 97-102% at 15-400 ng/ml level for each enantiomer. The overall recoveries of bufuralol enantiomers from pharmaceutical formulations was in the range 99.6-102.2% with %RSD ranging from 1.06 to 1.16%. The assay method proved to be suitable as chiral quality control for bufuralol formulations by HPLC and for therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hefnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Kakubari I, Dejima H, Miura K, Koga Y, Mizu H, Takayasu T, Yamauchi H, Takayama S, Takayama K. Determination of formoterol in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Pharmazie 2007; 62:94-5. [PMID: 17341025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive method for the determination of formoterol in rat plasma is described, using high performance liquid chromatographic separation with tandem mass spectrometry. Samples were purified using liquid-liquid extraction and separated on CAPCELL PAK C18 UG120 (2.0 x 150 mm) with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of methanol- 50 mM ammonium hydrogen carbonate (1:1 v/v). Detection was performed with a TSQ 7000 mass spectrometer using positive ion electrospray ionisation, monitoring the shift from precursor ions for formoterol at m/z 344.9 to product ions of m/z 121.0. The limit of quantitation of the method was found to be 0.1 ng/ml, when using 0.1 ml plasma. Plasma concentrations of formoterol could be quantified from 0.15 to 7.01 ng/ml, allowing the analysis of samples up to 32 h after a single oral dose of formoterol fumarate (0.25 mg) to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kakubari
- Research Department, Saitama Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kasukabe, Saitama, Japan.
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Denis MB, Tsuyuoka R, Lim P, Lindegardh N, Yi P, Top SN, Socheat D, Fandeur T, Annerberg A, Christophel EM, Ringwald P. Efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in northwest Cambodia. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 11:1800-7. [PMID: 17176344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine malaria treatment, as an alternative to artesunate + mefloquine, which is becoming ineffective in some areas of the Thai-Cambodian border. METHODS Two studies were conducted to monitor the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine in Sampov Lun referral hospital, Battambang Province, in 2002 and 2003, and one study was conducted to assess the efficacy of mefloquine + artesunate in 2003 for comparison. The studies were performed according to the WHO standardized protocol with a follow-up of 28 days. The therapeutic efficacy tests were complemented with in vitro tests and in 2003, with the measurement of lumefantrine plasma concentration at day 7 for the patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine. RESULTS A total of 190 patients were included: 55 were treated with artemether-lumefantrine in 2002 (AL2002), 80 with artemether-lumefantrine and food supplementation in 2003 (AL2003) and 55 with artesunate + mefloquine in 2003 (AM2003). With the per-protocol analysis, the cure rate was 71.1% in study AL2002, 86.5% in study AL2003 and 92.4% in study AM2003. All the data were PCR corrected. The artemether-lumefantrine cure rate was unexpectedly low in 2002, but it increased with food supplementation in 2003. There was a significant difference (P = 0.02) in lumefantrine plasma concentrations between adequate clinical and parasitological responses and treatment failure cases. In vitro susceptibility to lumefantrine was reduced for isolates sampled from patients presenting with treatment failure, but the difference was not statistically different from isolates sampled from patients who were successfully treated. CONCLUSION Treatment failure cases of artemether-lumefantrine are most probably because of low levels of lumefantrine blood concentration. Further investigations are necessary to determine whether resistance of Plasmodium falciparum isolates to lumefantrine is present in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mey Bouth Denis
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Ashley EA, Stepniewska K, Lindegårdh N, McGready R, Annerberg A, Hutagalung R, Singtoroj T, Hla G, Brockman A, Proux S, Wilahphaingern J, Singhasivanon P, White NJ, Nosten F. Pharmacokinetic study of artemether-lumefantrine given once daily for the treatment of uncomplicated multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12:201-8. [PMID: 17300626 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to antimalarial drug regimens is improved by simple dosing. If the fixed antimalarial drug combination artemether-lumefantrine (AL) could be given once daily, this should improve adherence and thus effectiveness and lower the risk of selecting for resistance. METHODS In an open randomized study, 43 patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were given equivalent doses of AL with 200 ml flavoured milk either as the conventional twice-daily regimen or as a single daily dose for 3 days. The primary end point was a comparison of the areas under the plasma lumefantrine concentration-time curves (AUC). Secondary end points were the day 42 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-adjusted cure rates and the tolerability profiles. RESULTS Lumefantrine pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained for 36 patients. The AUC((0-->infinity)) of the once-daily regimen was 30% lower than that in the conventional regimen (P = 0.011) with a median (range) value of 306 (114-5781) microg/ml h, compared with 432 (308-992) microg/ml h. There was no significant difference in the peak plasma concentrations reached. PCR-adjusted cure rate estimates at day 42 of follow-up were 94% (95% CI: 84-100) in the six-dose arm and 85% (70-100) in the three-dose arm (P = 0.3). CONCLUSION Artemether-lumefantrine efficacy is reduced by once-daily dosing, because absorption of lumefantrine is dose limited. At currently recommended doses, this antimalarial should be given twice daily in a 3-day regimen, with food containing fat.
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Lefebvre J, Poirier L, Poirier P, Turgeon J, Lacourciere Y. The influence of CYP2D6 phenotype on the clinical response of nebivolol in patients with essential hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006; 63:575-82. [PMID: 17094780 PMCID: PMC2000751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT * The variability in drug metabolism has been recognized as an important factor in the occurrence of adverse effects or lack of therapeutic efficacy. * The metabolism of the third-generation beta(1)-receptor antagonist nebivolol has been shown to be highly dependent on cytochrome P450 2D6 enzymatic activity in preclinical studies. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS * This paper assesses the role of a cytochrome P450 2D6 gene defect on the antihypertensive response to nebivolol in a clinical setting. * Despite significant differences in drug disposition, the chronic administration of nebivolol produced similar efficacy and tolerability in hypertensive patients either characterized as poor or extensive metabolizers of the drug. * The study offers insight into the relative contribution of nebivolol enantiomers in systemic blood pressure control. AIMS Nebivolol is a beta(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonist with vasodilating properties used in the treatment of hypertension. It is administered as a racemic mixture (D- and L-nebivolol) and is highly metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 2D6 (CYP2D6). The purpose of this study was to determine the role of CYP2D6 phenotypes on the efficacy and tolerability of nebivolol during chronic administration to patients with essential hypertension. METHODS Two hundred and eighteen patients were genotyped and phenotyped for CYP2D6 activity, allowing to find and match 14 poor metabolizers (PMs) with 23 extensive metabolizers (EMs). Patients took rac-nebivolol 5 mg daily for 12 weeks. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate, adverse events, plasma levels of the two enantiomers D- and L-nebivolol and their corresponding hydroxymetabolites were assessed. RESULTS The metabolic disposition of nebivolol was enantioselective and highly influenced by CYP2D6 phenotypes. Mean steady-state plasma concentrations of D- and L-nebivolol were 10- and 15-fold greater in PMs than in EMs, respectively (P < 0.0001). Despite these differences in the pharmacokinetics of nebivolol, EMs and PMs displayed similar BP responses. Mean reductions in sitting systolic and diastolic BPs were -11/-10 +/- 9/4 mmHg in EMs and -11/-9 +/- 10/5 mmHg in PMs. Side-effects were mild to moderate and not different between groups. CONCLUSION Polymorphisms in the gene encoding CYP2D6 significantly influenced the metabolism of nebivolol, but not its antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability. The similar clinical response between EMs and PMs could be explained by the contribution of active hydroxylated metabolites of nebivolol to its antihypertensive actions in EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lefebvre
- Hypertension Research Unit, CHUL Research CenterCanada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval UniversityCanada
| | - Luc Poirier
- Hypertension Research Unit, CHUL Research CenterCanada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval UniversityCanada
- Québec Heart Institute, Laval HospitalQuébec, Canada
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McGready R, Stepniewska K, Lindegardh N, Ashley EA, La Y, Singhasivanon P, White NJ, Nosten F. The pharmacokinetics of artemether and lumefantrine in pregnant women with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2006; 62:1021-31. [PMID: 17053895 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-006-0199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetic properties of artemether and lumefantrine (AL) in pregnant women with recrudescent uncomplicated multi-drug resistant falciparum malaria. METHODS Pregnant women who had recurrence of parasitaemia following 7 days supervised quinine treatment were treated with AL. Serial blood samples were taken over a 7-day period, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. For lumefantrine, these data were compared in a population pharmacokinetic model with data from non-pregnant, mainly male adults with acute malaria. RESULTS The pregnant women (five in the second trimester and eight in the third trimester) had lower concentrations of artemether, dihydroartemisinin and lumefantrine, and the elimination of lumefantrine in pregnant women was more rapid than reported previously in non-pregnant adults. CONCLUSION Pregnancy is associated with reduced plasma concentrations of both artemether and lumefantrine. This is likely to be of therapeutic significance as plasma concentrations of lumefantrine, after elimination of artemether, are an important determinant of cure. Further studies are needed to determine the optimum dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose McGready
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, P.O. Box 46, Mae Sot, Tak, Thailand
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Han HK, Choi HK. Improved absorption of meloxicam via salt formation with ethanolamines. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006; 65:99-103. [PMID: 16919925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ethanolamine salt formation on the dissolution as well as in vivo pharmacokinetics of meloxicam. Three meloxicam-ethanolamine salts were prepared and their in vitro dissolution profiles were examined at pH 1.2 and 6.8. The pharmacokinetic profiles of meloxicam following an oral administration of meloxicam or its ethanolamine salts were also evaluated in rats. The dissolution rates of meloxicam and its ethanolamine salts were similarly slow at pH 1.2, however, at pH 6.8, ethanolamine salt formation significantly enhanced the dissolution rate of meloxicam. Meloxicam diethanolamine salt exhibited the highest dissolution rate at pH 6.8. The faster dissolution of meloxicam via ethanolamine salt formation at pH 6.8 appeared to be correlated well with more rapid absorption of meloxicam in rats. Tmax of meloxicam was significantly (p<0.05) shortened following an oral administration of ethanolamine salts. Furthermore, ethanolamine salts exhibited a trend toward the increase in AUC0-4 (initial exposure), while the overall exposure (AUC0-24) was similar between meloxicam and its salts. In conclusion, the ethanolamine salts of meloxicam, particularly diethanolamine salt of meloxicam, facilitated the rapid absorption of meloxicam while maintaining the prolonged exposure and may be used for the earlier onset of action for meloxicam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Kyung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Ohsawa I, Seto Y. Determination of nitrogen mustard hydrolysis products, ethanolamines by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1122:242-8. [PMID: 16707130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 04/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A method for determining N-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and triethanolamine (TEA), hydrolysis products of nitrogen mustards, in water, urine and blood samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after derivatization by tert-butyldimethylsilylation (TBDMS) is described. The sample solution was evaporated to dryness, and reacted with N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) at 60 degrees C for 1h. The TBDMS derivatives were separated on a DB-5 column and detected by electron-ionization MS. The quantitation of EDEA, MDEA and TEA was performed by measuring the respective peak areas on the extracted ion chromatograms of m/z 216, m/z 202 and m/z 346, respectively, using nonadecane (C19), the peak area of which was measured at m/z 268, as an internal standard. When the water sample was initially analyzed, considerable loss of EDEA, MDEA and TEA occurred by evaporation. The addition of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to the water sample (final 1 mM), however, permitted quantitative recoveries to be achieved (88%, 88% and 79% for EDEA-(TBDMS)2, MDEA-(TBDMS)2 and TEA-(TBDMS)3, respectively). The limits of detections (LODs, scan mode, S/N = 3) were 2.5, 2.5 and 10 ng/ml for EDEA, MDEA and TEA, respectively. Ethanolamines could be also determined in urine samples (volume 0.1 ml), with reasonable recoveries of 72-100% by the addition of HCl (final 1 mM). For the analysis of serum samples, the sample was precipitated by the addition of perchloric acid (final 3.2%), and the resulting supernatant was neutralized with potassium carbonate, and then acidified by the addition of HCl. The recovery of TBDMS derivatives of ethanolamines was found to rather low (7-31%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Ohsawa
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
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Lindegårdh N, Annerberg A, Blessborn D, Bergqvist Y, Day N, White NJ. Development and validation of a bioanalytical method using automated solid-phase extraction and LC-UV for the simultaneous determination of lumefantrine and its desbutyl metabolite in plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 37:1081-8. [PMID: 15862688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2004] [Revised: 07/22/2004] [Accepted: 07/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A bioanalytical method for the determination of lumefantrine (LF) and its metabolite desbutyl-lumefantrine (DLF) in plasma by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography has been developed. Plasma proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile:acetic acid (99:1, v/v) containing a DLF analogue internal standard before being loaded onto a octylsilica (3 M Empore) SPE column. Two different DLF analogues were evaluated as internal standards. The compounds were analysed by liquid chromatography UV detection on a SB-CN (250 mm x 4.6 mm) column with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile-sodium phosphate buffer pH (2.0; 0.1 M) (55:45, v/v) and sodium perchlorate 0.05 M. Different SPE columns were evaluated during method development to optimise reproducibility and recovery for LF, DLF and the two different DLF analogues. The within-day precisions for LF were 6.6 and 2.1% at 0.042 and 8.02 microg/mL, respectively, and for DLF 4.5 and 1.5% at 0.039 and 0.777 microg/mL, respectively. The between-day precisions for LF were 12.0 and 2.9% at 0.042 and 8.02 microg/mL, respectively, while for DLF 0.7 and 1.2% at 0.039 and 0.777 microg/mL, respectively. The limit of quantification was 0.024 and 0.021 microg/mL for LF and DLF, respectively. Different amounts of lipids in plasma did not affect the absolute recovery of LF or DLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lindegårdh
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Mascher DG, Zech K, Nave R, Kubesch KM, Mascher HJ. Ultra-sensitive determination of Formoterol in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 830:25-34. [PMID: 16275132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Revised: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method was developed and validated to determine Formoterol in human serum in the range from 0.40 to 100.24 pg/mL by high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) due to the lack of efficient methods to determine very low levels of Formoterol in serum and plasma. Serum was diluted by water and mixed with the internal standard (d6-Formoterol). Formoterol and internal standard were extracted using a cation-exchange solid phase column (SCX-3). After eliminating endogenous serum constituents through washing steps with water and methanol, elution took place using methanol/ammonia. After evaporation of the elution liquid the residue was redissolved and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS with electrospray ionisation (ESI) in positive mode. A gradient between 10 mM ammonium formate and acetonitrile was used. The inter-batch precision of the calibration standards ranged from 1.55% to 9.01%. The inter-batch accuracy of the calibration standards ranged from 93.37% to 107.30%. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ, 0.40 pg/mL) had a precision of 19.67% and an accuracy of 96.78%. Comparable results were obtained for quality control samples. Stability in human serum was given over three freeze/thaw cycles and 2h at room temperature. Formoterol in human serum was stable for at least 6 months below -20 degrees C. This method has been used widely for quantifying Formoterol after inhalation of 9-36 microg of the drug by volunteers. A cross validation with human plasma versus serum was performed after this method was successfully validated in human serum.
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Smilari P, Romeo DMM, Palazzo P, Meli C, Sorge G. Neonatal hypophosphatasia and seizures. A case report. Minerva Pediatr 2005; 57:319-23. [PMID: 16205618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia is a rare genetic disease characterized by deficiency of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) activity, excessive urinary excretion of phosphoethanolamine, poor bone mineralization and skeletal anomalies. The shortage of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) alters the process of mineralization of skeleton causing a reduced transformation of phosphoethanolamine into phosphatidylethanolamine (cerebral phospholipid) with consequent high serum and urinary levels of phosphoethanolamine, a sensitive and highly specific marker for the disease. Four clinical forms have been described based on the age of onset with different courses and prognoses. An unusual case of lethal perinatal hypophosphatasia associated with seizures observed in a newborn admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the University of Catania is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Smilari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Ramakrishna NVS, Vishwottam KN, Koteshwara M, Manoj S, Santosh M, Varma DP. Rapid quantification of nebivolol in human plasma by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 39:1006-13. [PMID: 16006083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2004] [Revised: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and rapid liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for the quantitation of nebivolol in human plasma. The method involved a simple single-step liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether/dichloromethane (70/30). The analyte was chromatographed on Waters symmetry C18 reversed-phase chromatographic column by isocratic elution with water:acetonitrile:formic acid (30:70:0.03, v/v) and analyzed by mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The precursor to product ion transitions of m/z 406.4-151.5 and m/z 409.1-228.1 were used to measure the analyte and the internal standard (I.S.), respectively. The chromatographic runtime was 2 min and the weighted (1/x2) calibration curves were linear over the range 50-10,000 pg/mL. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, absolute recovery, freeze-thaw stability, bench-top stability and re-injection reproducibility. The limit of detection and lower limit of quantification in human plasma were 10 and 50 pg/mL, respectively. The within- and between-batch accuracy and precision were found to be well within acceptable limits (<10%). The analyte was stable after three freeze-thaw cycles (deviation <10%). The average absolute recoveries of nebivolol and tamsulosin, used as an internal standard, from spiked plasma samples were 73.4+/-3.7 and 72.1+/-2.0%, respectively. The assay method described here was applied to study the pharmacokinetics of nebivolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V S Ramakrishna
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road #7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India.
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