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Avraham R, Simon-Tuval T, Van Dijk D. Determinants of physical activity habit formation: a theory-based qualitative study among young adults. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2341984. [PMID: 38605587 PMCID: PMC11018029 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2341984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Engagement in physical activity significantly contributes to reducing the onset and severity of chronic diseases. Nonetheless, establishing habits around this behaviour remains a persistent challenge. This research endeavours to discern the determinants influencing the formation of physical activity habit among young adults in Israel, drawing upon a socio-ecological model. METHODS A qualitative approach with phenomenological-hermeneutical method was used. In-depth interviews were carried to cover four levels of the socio-ecological model. RESULTS Interviewees were categorized into three subgroups according to their physical activity habit strength: Habitually physically active (n = 8), Variably physically active (n = 11), and physically inactive (n = 6). The content analysis yielded four overarching themes associated with physical activity habit formation. Intrapersonal determinants encompassed personal traits, perceptions and attitudes, perceived benefits, and emotional responses related to physical activity. Interpersonal determinants encompassed social support, modelling support, and peer pressure. Community determinants pertained to social norms, resource availability, and accessibility. Finally, public policy considerations encompassed educational policies as well as workplace policies and cultural influences. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the unique determinants contributing to the formation of physical activity habit. As intrapersonal and interpersonal factors are significant determinants, interventions should focus on these elements in order to promote this behaviour among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Avraham
- Department of Nursing, Recanati School of Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tzahit Simon-Tuval
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Dina Van Dijk
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Baker BD, Castelli DM. The Impact of a Global Pandemic on Young Adult Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity. AJPM Focus 2024; 3:100202. [PMID: 38596163 PMCID: PMC11001644 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2024.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The novel COVID-19 disease detected in 2019 widely affected individuals' social movements, likely disrupting the ability to participate in leisure-related physical activity. Because of this, participation in sedentary behavior is thought to have increased. The purpose of this study was to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected U.S. young adult physical activity and sedentary behavior. Methods A total of 333 U.S. young adults (aged between 18 and 30 years) completed an online, comprehensive questionnaire during the early parts of COVID-19. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to determine the change in time spent in physical activity and sedentary behavior during COVID-19 compared with that before COVID-19. Results There was a significant decrease in physical activity minutes (p<0.0001) and a significant increase in sedentary behavior (p<0.005) during COVID-19 compared with that before COVID-19. Significant differences were found by stratifying the data by sex and relationship status. Although both males and females reduced their physical activity, only males significantly increased their time in sedentary behavior during COVID-19 compared with that before COVID-19 (p<0.05). Furthermore, married young adults significantly reduced their physical activity during COVID-19 (p<0.001), whereas single individuals did not. Single young adults saw significant increases in sedentary behavior during COVID-19 (p<0.005), whereas married individuals did not exhibit any change in sedentary behavior. Conclusions Stay-at-home orders enforced in the U.S. during the summer of 2020 led to increases in sedentary behavior and decreases in physical activity, particularly among males and single young adults. Future studies should determine whether these behavior changes persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D. Baker
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Darla M. Castelli
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Do EK, Aarvig K, Panigrahi G, Hair EC. Past-Year Mental Illness Diagnosis and E-cigarette Use Status Among a College-Aged Sample: Findings From the National College Health Assessment (2017-2019). Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:468-477. [PMID: 38146733 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231224864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations between past-year mental illness (MI) diagnoses and e-cigarette use status. DESIGN Data were obtained from the National College Health Assessment, a nationally recognized cross-sectional survey of university students. SETTING Participants were recruited from 2-year and 4-year public and private universities across the United States from 2017-2019. SUBJECTS The analytic sample included 277 291 university students. MEASURES Self-reported past-year MI diagnosis, binarily coded, served as the primary predictor. The outcome was e-cigarette use status (never, noncurrent, and current user). ANALYSIS Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate relative risk ratios (RRR) of e-cigarette use, as predicted by past-year MI diagnoses, age, race/ethnicity, sex and gender, sexual identity, geographic region, and other combustible tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. RESULTS Compared to those who had never received any MI diagnosis in the past year, those who did had a 16% higher relative risk (RRR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.20) of being a noncurrent e-cigarette user and a 33% higher relative risk (RRR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.38) of being a current e-cigarette user. Schizophrenia, substance use or addiction, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses demonstrated the strongest associations with noncurrent and current e-cigarette use. CONCLUSION Results suggest the need to screen young adults for e-cigarette use and mental health indicators to facilitate early detection and timely intervention for at-risk university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Do
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth C Hair
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Fabry E, Fassnacht DB, Ford R, Burns NR, O'Shea AE, Ali K. The role of self-reliance and denial in the help-seeking process for eating disorders among university students. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2024; 32:450-457. [PMID: 38078569 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated how self-reliance and denial influence the relationship between help-seeking attitudes and behaviour. METHOD Australian university students (N = 406) completed an online survey and females with elevated eating disorder (ED) concerns and high impairment were included in the study (N = 137). Participants completed measures of help-seeking attitudes, perceived barriers, and actual help-seeking behaviour. Via moderated logistic regression, we examined self-reliance and denial as perceived barriers to help-seeking. RESULTS Of the total sample, over 33.7% of university students reported substantial ED concerns and impairment of whom 65.0% believed they needed help. While a majority reported that help-seeking would be useful (85.4%), only a minority of participants had sought professional help for their concerns (38.7%). Self-reliance and denial were frequently endorsed barriers and moderated the relationship between help-seeking attitudes and behaviours. CONCLUSION ED concerns are common among university students and perceived barriers play a moderating role between attitudes and help-seeking. Future prevention and early intervention programs should address students' denial, while the importance of reaching out for professional help (rather than relying on themselves) could be highlighted with peer support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme Fabry
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Daniel B Fassnacht
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Rachael Ford
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Anne E O'Shea
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kathina Ali
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
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Cho Y, Chang Y, Ryu S, Wild SH, Byrne CD. Baseline and change in serum uric acid level over time and resolution of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in young adults: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1644-1657. [PMID: 38303100 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the association between: (i) baseline serum uric acid (SUA) level and (ii) SUA changes over time, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) resolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study, comprising 38 483 subjects aged <40 years with pre-existing NAFLD, was undertaken. The effects of SUA changes over time were studied in 25 266 subjects. Participants underwent a health examination between 2011 and 2019, and at least one follow-up liver ultrasonography scan up to December 2020. Exposures included baseline SUA level and SUA changes between baseline and subsequent visits, categorized into quintiles. The reference group was the third quintile (Q3) containing zero change. The primary endpoint was resolution of NAFLD. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 4 years, low baseline SUA level and decreases in SUA levels over time were independently associated with NAFLD resolution (p for trend <0.001). Using SUA as a continuous variable, the likelihood of NAFLD resolution was increased by 10% and 13% in men and women, respectively, per 1-mg/dL decrease in SUA. In a time-dependent model with changes in SUA treated as a time-varying covariate, adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NAFLD resolution comparing Q1 (highest decrease) and Q2 (slight decrease) to Q3 (reference) were 1.63 (1.49-1.78) and 1.23 (1.11-1.35) in men and 1.78 (1.49-2.12) and 1.18 (0.95-1.46) in women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Low baseline SUA levels and a decrease in SUA levels over time were both associated with NAFLD resolution in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoosun Cho
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, South Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Healthcare Data Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Healthcare Data Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Harrsen K, Tølbøll MM, Larsen LH. Effects of an Integrated Treatment Program on Grief and Distress Among Parentally Bereaved Young Adults. Omega (Westport) 2024; 89:155-171. [PMID: 35130765 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211069713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effectiveness of an 18-session manualized integrative group psychotherapy intervention for parentally bereaved young adults with grief complications. Participants, 63 young adults aged 20-27 years, completed questionnaires assessing symptoms of prolonged grief, PTSD, depression and anxiety prior to and following treatment. Treatment effectiveness was assessed by comparing outcomes for the intervention group to a waitlist comparison group. Results revealed a statistically significant reduction in symptoms of grief (large effects size), PTSD (medium effect sizes), and depression (medium effect size). The treatment did not result in a significant reduction in anxiety symptoms. The study provided preliminary support for this intervention for parentally bereaved young adults.
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Kwa EK, Cheong SK, Ong LK, Lee PF. Development of audio-guided deep breathing and auditory Go/No-Go task on evaluating its impact on the wellness of young adults: a pilot study. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2024; 69:141-150. [PMID: 37856824 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2023-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous studies indicate that deep breathing (DB) enhances wellbeing. Multiple deep breathing methods exist, but few employ audio to reach similar results. This study developed audio-guided DB and evaluated its immediate impacts on healthy population via self-created auditory Go/No-Go task, tidal volume changes, and psychological measures. METHODS Audio-guided DB with natural sounds to guide the DB was developed. Meanwhile, audio-based Go/No-Go paradigm with Arduino was built to measure the attention level. Thirty-two healthy young adults (n=32) were recruited. Psychological questionnaires (Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)), objective measurements with tidal volume and attention level with auditory Go/No-Go task were conducted before and after 5 min of DB. RESULTS Results showed a significant increment in tidal volume and task reaction time from baseline (p=0.003 and p=0.033, respectively). Significant correlations were acquired between (1) task accuracy with commission error (r=-0.905), (2) CAMS-R with task accuracy (r=-0.425), commission error (r=0.53), omission error (r=0.395) and PSS (r=-0.477), and (3) RSES with task reaction time (r=-0.47), task accuracy (r=-0.362), PSS (r=-0.552) and CAMS-R (r=0.591). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study suggests a link between it and young adults' wellbeing and proposes auditory Go/No-Go task for assessing attention across various groups while maintaining physical and mental wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Keat Kwa
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Poh Foong Lee
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Arena S, Adams M, Burns J. Exploring the Use of Customized Links to Improve Electronic Engagement With Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Among Young African American Male Individuals: Web-Based Survey Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e48371. [PMID: 38656772 DOI: 10.2196/48371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown that heterosexual African American male individuals aged 18-24 years have a higher prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior. There is a critical need to promote sexual reproductive health (SRH) services among this population, especially in urban settings. Young African American male individuals use social media platforms to access health information, showcasing the potential of social media and web-based links as tools to leverage electronic engagement with this population to promote SRH care. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore electronic engagement with young African American male individuals in discussions about SRH care. This paper focuses on the recruitment and social media marketing methods used to recruit young, heterosexual African American male individuals aged 18-24 years for the Stay Safe Project, a larger study that aims to promote SRH services among this population in Detroit, Michigan. We investigate the use of TinyURL, a URL shortener and customized tool, and culturally informed social media marketing strategies to promote electronic engagement within this population. METHODS Participants were recruited between December 2021 and February 2022 through various modes, including email listserves, Mailchimp, the UMHealthResearch website, X (formerly Twitter), Facebook, and Instagram. Images and vector graphics of African American male individuals were used to create social media advertisements that directed participants to click on a TinyURL that led to a recruitment survey for the study. RESULTS TinyURL metrics were used to monitor demographic and user data, analyzing the top countries, browsers, operating systems, and devices of individuals who engaged with the customized TinyURL links and the total human and unique clicks from various social media platforms. Mailchimp was the most successful platform for electronic engagement with human and unique clicks on the custom TinyURL link, followed by Instagram and Facebook. In contrast, X, traditional email, and research recruiting websites had the least engagement among our population. Success was determined based on the type of user and follower for each platform, whether gained in the community through sign-ups or promoted at peak user time and embedded and spotlighted on nontraditional media (eg, social media sites, blogs, and podcasts) for the user. Low engagement (eg, traditional email) from the target population, limited visibility, and fewer followers contributed to decreased engagement. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into leveraging customized, shortened URLs, TinyURL metrics, and social media platforms to improve electronic engagement with young African American male individuals seeking information and resources about SRH care. The results of this study have been used to develop a pilot intervention for this population that will contribute to strategies for encouraging sexual well-being, clinic use, and appropriate linkage to SRH care services among young, heterosexual African American male individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Arena
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mackenzie Adams
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jade Burns
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Lipshits-Braziler Y, Arieli S, Daniel E. Personal values and career-related preferences among young adults. J Pers 2024. [PMID: 38646976 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated personal values underlying career-related preferences among young adults deliberating on their career choice. As a fundamental component of one's identity, personal values can offer valuable insights into how individuals prioritize their career-related preferences. METHOD We employed two complementary approaches: variable-centered and person-centered, using a sample of 636 young adults (69.5% women; Mage = 21.9, SD = 2.12). RESULTS Using a variable-centered approach, we identified 14 value-expressive career-related preferences, demonstrating that individuals are less willing to compromise on these preferences than on non value-expressive preferences. Using a person-centered approach, we applied latent profile analysis to identify four groups of young adults with distinct value profiles: (1) growth-focus (n = 212; 33.3%), (2) protection-focus (n = 206; 32.4%), (3) self-focus (n = 122; 19.2%), and (4) social-focus (n = 96; 15.1%). Importantly, the four profiles varied in 18 of 31 career-related preferences, revealing the composition of values underlying these career preferences. Fourteen of these preferences were identified as value-expressive in a variable-centered approach. CONCLUSION The two complementary approaches employed in the present study introduce a fine-grained understanding of the value-expressiveness of career-related preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon Arieli
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Hayes BB, Reyna VF, Edelson SM. Making decisions one drink at a time and the "just one drink" effect: A fuzzy-trace theory model of harmful drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38642331 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the decision factors that drive harmful alcohol use among young adults is of practical and theoretical importance. We apply fuzzy-trace theory (FTT) to investigate a potential danger that may arise from the arguably correct notion that a single drink carries no meaningful risk. Decisions that are mentally represented as one drink at a time could contribute to excessive drinking. METHODS College students (N = 351) made a series of decisions to take or decline eight hypothetical drinks presented one at a time. Outcome measures included each decision, recent alcohol consumption (weekly drinks, peak blood alcohol content, and binges), and alcohol-related harms (scores on the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). Linear regression models predicted each outcome from sex, perceived risk of a single drink, perceived risk of heavy drinking, perceived consequences of drinking, and general health-related risk sensitivity. RESULTS Consistent with FTT, decisions to have a first drink and up to four additional drinks in short succession were each associated with lower perceived risk of one drink-a "just-one drink" effect-independent of perceived risks of heavy drinking, perceived consequences of drinking, and general risk sensitivity. Similarly, all measures of recent alcohol consumption and consequent harms were associated with perceived risk of one drink. Participants reporting "zero risk" of a single drink had worse outcomes on all measures than those reporting at least "low risk." CONCLUSIONS Results are consistent with the theoretically informed premise that consumption decisions are typically made one drink at a time rather than by deciding the total number of drinks to be consumed in a sitting. When decisions about alcohol use proceed one drink at a time, a perception of zero risk in a single drink may contribute to heavy drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget B Hayes
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Valerie F Reyna
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sarah M Edelson
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Ortiz-Paredes D, Chanady T, Wassef K, Knight R, Ferlatte O. 'I created my own access:' understanding mental healthcare access experiences among LGTBQ + youth who use cannabis in Canada. Cult Health Sex 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38639032 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2024.2340090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In North America, LGBTQ+ youth have high rates of cannabis use and face mental health issues. We conducted a photovoice study to describe the perspectives, needs, and motivations of forty-six LGBTQ+ youth who use cannabis as they access mental healthcare services. Participants' photographs were discussed in individual semi-structured interviews conducted by peer researchers. Following a thematic analysis of the interview transcripts, we first found that, beyond medication, LGBTQ+ youth sought mental health services facilitating introspection to better understand their sexual and gender identities and mental health. Second, participants sought affirming health professionals but often felt judged by providers. Third, access to desired services was often described as uncertain and taxing, which impacted their mental health. Fourth, participants' agency was determined by their experience with mental health services, which translated into resilience to tackle access challenges and cannabis use to mitigate their mental health struggles. Our findings point to the need for mental healthcare delivery that goes beyond medication provision but which in addition foster therapeutic processes based on a holistic understanding of mental health. A trusting dynamic between health professionals and LGBTQ+ youth is imperative to counteract the feelings of stigma experienced by LGBTQ+ youth using cannabis in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ortiz-Paredes
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tara Chanady
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kinda Wassef
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rod Knight
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Ferlatte
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Benham G, Charak R, Cano-Gonzalez I, Mena Teran J, Kenemore J. Recent Stressful Life Events and Perceived Stress as Serial Mediators of the Association between Adverse Childhood Events and Insomnia. Behav Med 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38634227 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2024.2335175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Insomnia is common in college students and linked to poorer mental and physical health. There is growing evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may contribute to insomnia in adulthood. However, beyond the need for additional replication of these findings, there is a need to identify underlying mechanisms that plausibly connect the two experiences. Based on a serial mediation model, the current study examined the role of two theoretically informed mediators: recent stressful life events and perceived stress. A cross-sectional survey of 2,218 college students at a large university in the southwestern United States was conducted between August 2020 and December 2021. The sample was predominantly Hispanic (96%) and female (73%), with a mean age of 20.7 years. Standardized measures of adverse childhood experiences, recent stressful life events, perceived stress, and insomnia were administered to participants online. Almost 20% of participants reported having experienced four or more adverse childhood experiences and 63% met the threshold for insomnia. Reporting four or more ACEs was associated with significantly greater insomnia severity, and this relationship was serially mediated by both recent stressful life events and perceived stress. However, recent stressful life events appeared to be the most powerful mediator. The results of the current study indicate that recent exposure to stressful life events serves as a plausible mechanism linking early adversity during childhood to adult insomnia and could therefore serve as a potential target for intervention. The findings suggest that students would benefit from university-wide efforts to reduce the number and/or intensity of common stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Benham
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
| | - Ruby Charak
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
| | - Ines Cano-Gonzalez
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
| | - Joceline Mena Teran
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
| | - Jordan Kenemore
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
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Côté J, Chicoine G, Vinette B, Auger P, Rouleau G, Fontaine G, Jutras-Aswad D. Digital Interventions for Recreational Cannabis Use Among Young Adults: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Behavior Change Technique Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e55031. [PMID: 38630515 DOI: 10.2196/55031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of cannabis use among young adults poses substantial global health concerns due to the associated acute and long-term health and psychosocial risks. Digital modalities, including websites, digital platforms, and mobile apps, have emerged as promising tools to enhance the accessibility and availability of evidence-based interventions for young adults for cannabis use. However, existing reviews do not consider young adults specifically, combine cannabis-related outcomes with those of many other substances in their meta-analytical results, and do not solely target interventions for cannabis use. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and active ingredients of digital interventions designed specifically for cannabis use among young adults living in the community. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of 7 databases for empirical studies published between database inception and February 13, 2023, assessing the following outcomes: cannabis use (frequency, quantity, or both) and cannabis-related negative consequences. The reference lists of included studies were consulted, and forward citation searching was also conducted. We included randomized studies assessing web- or mobile-based interventions that included a comparator or control group. Studies were excluded if they targeted other substance use (eg, alcohol), did not report cannabis use separately as an outcome, did not include young adults (aged 16-35 y), had unpublished data, were delivered via teleconference through mobile phones and computers or in a hospital-based setting, or involved people with mental health disorders or substance use disorders or dependence. Data were independently extracted by 2 reviewers using a pilot-tested extraction form. Authors were contacted to clarify study details and obtain additional data. The characteristics of the included studies, study participants, digital interventions, and their comparators were summarized. Meta-analysis results were combined using a random-effects model and pooled as standardized mean differences. RESULTS Of 6606 unique records, 19 (0.29%) were included (n=6710 participants). Half (9/19, 47%) of these articles reported an intervention effect on cannabis use frequency. The digital interventions included in the review were mostly web-based. A total of 184 behavior change techniques were identified across the interventions (range 5-19), and feedback on behavior was the most frequently used (17/19, 89%). Digital interventions for young adults reduced cannabis use frequency at the 3-month follow-up compared to control conditions (including passive and active controls) by -6.79 days of use in the previous month (95% CI -9.59 to -4.00; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the potential of digital interventions to reduce cannabis use in young adults but raise important questions about what optimal exposure dose could be more effective, both in terms of intervention duration and frequency. Further high-quality research is still needed to investigate the effects of digital interventions on cannabis use among young adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020196959; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=196959.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Côté
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Chair in Innovative Nursing Practices, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Chicoine
- Research Chair in Innovative Nursing Practices, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Billy Vinette
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Chair in Innovative Nursing Practices, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Auger
- Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Chair in Innovative Nursing Practices, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Rouleau
- Research Chair in Innovative Nursing Practices, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nursing, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, QC, Canada
- Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guillaume Fontaine
- Ingram School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Didier Jutras-Aswad
- Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Wang H, Li X, Lok GKI, Meng C, Tan Y, Lee UM, Lei LSM, Chan N. Family-based therapy for internet addiction among adolescents and young adults: A meta-analysis. J Behav Addict 2024. [PMID: 38635339 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2024.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Internet addiction (IA) has been identified as a major public health problem that is more prominent in adolescents and young adults. Some researchers have indicated certain advantages of family-based therapy over other treatments in participants with IA, but no conclusive evaluation has been reported. The present meta-analysis aims to review the efficacy of family-based therapy on Internet addiction in adolescents and young adults. Methods Relevant articles published from 1996 to February 15th, 2024, were searched from 14 databases, including three Chinese databases. A total of 19,590 articles were identified using a combination of three sets of search terms (Internet addiction, family therapy, and adolescents). Only RCTs and nonrandomized controlled trials were included. Results 18 studies, most of which were conducted in Asian countries, were included in the final data analysis. The overall severity of Internet addiction in the family-based therapy group was significantly lower than that in the control group. However, significant heterogeneity was detected. Subgroup analysis showed a beneficial effect of family-based therapy when compared with non-intervention and when added to another psychological or behavioural therapy in psychiatric patients with co-medication. Few studies have examined secondary outcomes or follow-up effects. Discussion and Conclusions Family-based therapy is most effective in reducing the severity of Internet addiction when combined with other therapies, especially medication treatments in psychiatric patients. It might also be helpful to relieve depression and enhance family functions, which needs further evidence. More studies following up on the post-intervention effects are recommended in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- 1Education Department, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiang Li
- 1Education Department, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Grace Ka In Lok
- 8Macao Polytechnic University, Peking University Health Science Center- Macao Polytechnic University Nursing Academy, Macao SAR, China
| | - Chunmei Meng
- 2Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- 3Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yaheng Tan
- 2Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- 4Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Macao SAR, China
| | - Un Man Lee
- 2Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- 5Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Louisa Sok Man Lei
- 2Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- 6Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Macao SAR, China
| | - Natalia Chan
- 2Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- 7Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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An J, Fischer H, Ni L, Xia M, Choi SK, Morrissette KL, Wei R, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Safford MM, Moran AE, Bellows BK, Isasi CR, Allen NB, Xanthakis V, Colantonio LD, Zhang Y. Association Between Young Adult Characteristics and Blood Pressure Trajectories. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033053. [PMID: 38563367 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood pressure (BP) trajectories from young adulthood through middle age are associated with cardiovascular risk. We examined the associations of hypertension risk factors with BP trajectories among a large diverse sample. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed data from young adults, aged 18 to 39 years, with untreated BP <140/90 mm Hg at baseline from Kaiser Permanente Southern California (N=355 324). We used latent growth curve models to identify 10-year BP trajectories and to assess the associations between characteristics in young adulthood and BP trajectories. We identified the following 5 distinct systolic BP trajectories, which appeared to be determined mainly by the baseline BP with progressively higher BP at each year: group 1 (lowest BP trajectory, 7.9%), group 2 (26.5%), group 3 (33.0%), group 4 (25.4%), and group 5 (highest BP trajectory, 7.3%). Older age (adjusted odds ratio for 30-39 versus 18-29 years, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.18-1.28]), male sex (13.38 [95% CI, 12.80-13.99]), obesity (body mass index ≥30 versus 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, 14.81 [95% CI, 14.03-15.64]), overweight (body mass index 25-29.9 versus 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, 3.16 [95% CI, 3.00-3.33]), current smoking (1.58 [95% CI, 1.48-1.67]), prediabetes (1.21 [95% CI, 1.13-1.29]), diabetes (1.60 [95% CI, 1.41-1.81]) and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥160 versus <100 mg/dL, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.37-1.68]) were associated with the highest BP trajectory (group 5) compared with the reference group (group 2). CONCLUSIONS Traditional hypertension risk factors including smoking, diabetes, and elevated lipids were associated with BP trajectories in young adults, with obesity having the strongest association with the highest BP trajectory group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaejin An
- Department of Research & Evaluation Kaiser Permanente Southern California Pasadena CA USA
- Department of Health Systems Science Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine Pasadena CA USA
| | - Heidi Fischer
- Department of Research & Evaluation Kaiser Permanente Southern California Pasadena CA USA
| | - Liang Ni
- Department of Research & Evaluation Kaiser Permanente Southern California Pasadena CA USA
| | - Mengying Xia
- Division of General Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Soon Kyu Choi
- Department of Research & Evaluation Kaiser Permanente Southern California Pasadena CA USA
| | - Kerresa L Morrissette
- Department of Research & Evaluation Kaiser Permanente Southern California Pasadena CA USA
| | - Rong Wei
- Department of Research & Evaluation Kaiser Permanente Southern California Pasadena CA USA
| | - Kristi Reynolds
- Department of Research & Evaluation Kaiser Permanente Southern California Pasadena CA USA
- Department of Health Systems Science Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine Pasadena CA USA
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - Monika M Safford
- Division of General Internal Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA
| | - Andrew E Moran
- Division of General Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Brandon K Bellows
- Division of General Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Norrina B Allen
- Division of Epidemiology Northwestern University Chicago IL USA
| | - Vanessa Xanthakis
- Department of Medicine Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA
- Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA
| | | | - Yiyi Zhang
- Division of General Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA
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Galloway R, Monnington K, Moss R, Donaldson J, Skinner J, McCulloch R. Satisfaction rates, function, and return to activity following young adult total hip arthroplasty. Bone Jt Open 2024; 5:304-311. [PMID: 38616049 PMCID: PMC11016360 DOI: 10.1302/2633-1462.54.bjo-2024-0005.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims Young adults undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) largely have different indications for surgery, preoperative function, and postoperative goals compared to a standard patient group. The aim of our study was to describe young adult THA preoperative function and quality of life, and to assess postoperative satisfaction and compare this with functional outcome measures. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis of young adults (aged < 50 years) undergoing THA between May 2018 and May 2023 in a single tertiary centre was undertaken. Median follow-up was 31 months (12 to 61). Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and focus group-designed questionnaires were distributed. Searches identified 244 cases in 225 patients. Those aged aged under 30 years represented 22.7% of the cohort. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (50; 45.5%) and Perthes' disease (15; 13.6%) were the commonest indications for THA. Results Preoperatively, of 110 patients, 19 (17.2%) were unable to work before THA, 57 (52%) required opioid analgesia, 51 (46.4%) were reliant upon walking aids, and 70 (63.6%) had sexual activity limited by their pathology. One patient required revision due to instability. Mean OHS was 39 (9 to 48). There was a significant difference between the OHS of cases where THA met expectation, compared with the OHS when it did not (satisfied: 86 (78.2%), OHS: 41.2 (36.1%) vs non-satisfied: 24 (21%), OHS: 31.6; p ≤ 0.001). Only one of the 83 patients (75.5%) who returned to premorbid levels of activity did so after 12 months. Conclusion Satisfaction rates of THA in young adults is high, albeit lower than commonly quoted figures. Young adults awaiting THA have poor function with high requirements for mobility aids, analgesia, and difficulties in working and undertaking leisure activities. The OHS provided a useful insight into patient function and was predictive of satisfaction rates, although it did not address the specific demands of young adults undertaking THA. Function at one year postoperatively is a good indication of overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Galloway
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dorset County Hospital, Dorchester, UK
| | - Katie Monnington
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal National Orthopaedic NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Rosalind Moss
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal National Orthopaedic NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - James Donaldson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal National Orthopaedic NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - John Skinner
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal National Orthopaedic NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert McCulloch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal National Orthopaedic NHS Trust, London, UK
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Vayyat S, Revand R, Rastogi S, Sharma R, Kaur S. Patient-reported cognitive impairments and objective neuropsychological deficits in young sarcoma patients undergoing chemotherapy and its comparison to healthy controls: A tertiary health care study from India. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1413-1422. [PMID: 38088458 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the patient-reported cognitive deficits and objective neuropsychological functions in younger adult (YA) sarcoma patients (16-40 years of age). Ninety patients and 30 age-matched healthy controls from a single tertiary healthcare hospital, were recruited into four groups: Pre-chemotherapy (Pre Cx), During chemotherapy (During Cx), Post-chemotherapy (Post Cx) and Controls. Neurocognitive functions were assessed subjectively using FACT-Cog v3 questionnaire; objectively using ACE-III and neuropsychological tests (NPT). FACT-Cog scores of During Cx (P = .041) and Post Cx (P = .008) groups were significantly lower than Pre Cx group. ACE-III scores of During Cx (P = .048) and Post Cx (P = .043) groups were lower as compared to Pre Cx group. In addition, reaction times and accuracies of the NPT (Flanker's, Sternberg's and Emotional Stroop tests) were worse (P < .05) in During Cx and Post Cx groups as compared to either Pre Cx or control groups. In the Post Cx group, the dose of chemotherapy showed significant negative correlation with the Sternberg reaction time (P = .040) as well as the scores of language (P = .047), and attention (P = .044) domains of ACE-III. Observations demonstrate that cancer/chemotherapy-related neurocognitive deficits fail to improve even after cessation of treatment, and high dosage of chemotherapy used, could be an underlying factor. This emphasizes the need for developing 'model of care' in these patients for monitoring the side effects, and possible titration in the therapeutic regimen for sarcoma in YA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Vayyat
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindran Revand
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Rastogi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratna Sharma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Simran Kaur
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ding K, Bear B, Sood E, Alderfer M, Crosby L, Hildenbrand AK. Disease-modifying therapies for sickle cell disease: Decisional needs and supports among adolescents and young adults. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024:e30999. [PMID: 38622789 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shared decision-making is one promising solution to addressing barriers in use of disease-modifying therapies for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with sickle cell disease (SCD). A thorough understanding of decisional needs can guide the development of decisional supports and promote shared decision-making. PROCEDURE Informed by the Ottawa Decision Support Framework (ODSF), we conducted a qualitative analysis to assess decisional needs and supports reported by AYAs with SCD, their caregivers, and healthcare providers. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with AYAs and their caregivers, and online crowdsourcing was used with SCD providers. Thematic and descriptive content analyses were used to summarize perspectives on decisional needs and supports regarding disease-modifying therapies. RESULTS Fourteen AYAs (Mage = 21 years, 57% male, 93% non-Hispanic Black, 79% HbSS), 11 caregivers (80% female, 100% non-Hispanic Black), and 40 healthcare providers (65% female, 65% non-Hispanic White, Myears in practice = 14.8 years, 75% physicians) participated. Thematic analysis revealed needs related to: decisional conflict, inadequate knowledge, unclear expectations, and inadequate supports and resources. Six forms of support emerged as important for decision-making: establishing an open and trusting patient/family-provider relationship, providing information, accepting ambivalence and unreadiness, supporting implementation of a decision, addressing inadequate health and social services, and promoting adequate social, emotional, and instrumental help. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to assess decisional needs and supports for AYAs with SCD considering disease-modifying therapies. Additional research is needed to examine which decision supports are the most impactful to promote effective shared decision-making in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Health, Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin Bear
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erica Sood
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melissa Alderfer
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lori Crosby
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Aimee K Hildenbrand
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Health, Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Romm KF, Le D, Abroms LC, Berg CJ. Reactions to vaping cessation messaging and strategies among US young adults who use e-cigarettes. Tob Prev Cessat 2024; 10:TPC-10-17. [PMID: 38606059 PMCID: PMC11007666 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/186271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite high rates of young adult e-cigarette use, research informing cessation interventions for this population, including those unready to quit, is limited. METHODS We analyzed 2022 cross-sectional survey data (from a larger longitudinal study) among 172 US young adult, past-month e-cigarette users (mean age=26.95 years; 57.6% female; 73.3% White). We examined: 1) perceived challenges to quitting e-cigarettes; 2) perceived impact of intervention messages targeting motivation and confidence, and their associations with quitting importance and confidence; and 3) poly-use with cigarettes and/or cannabis in relation to poly-product cessation preferences. RESULTS In all, 43.6% reported past-year e-cigarette quit attempts, and 55.3% reported quit readiness; 30.2% reported past-month poly-use with cigarettes, and 54.1% with cannabis. Frequently endorsed challenges to quitting/cutting down were related to stress/anxiety (41.9%), delaying cessation attempts (35.5%), and boredom (25.6%). Messages targeting motivation perceived as most impactful (scale: 1 = 'no impact at all' to 7 = 'a lot of impact') were related to saving money (mean score=4.78), improving health (mean score=4.15), and avoiding toxic chemicals (mean score=4.04), messages targeting confidence perceived as most impactful were related to patience (mean score=4.47), staying busy (mean score=4.27), and soliciting support (mean score=3.84). Perceiving greater impact of messages targeting motivation was associated with greater quitting importance (B=1.16; 95% CI: 0.71-1.60, p<0.001). Neither perceived impact of messages targeting motivation nor confidence were related to quitting confidence. E-cigarette-cannabis poly-users preferred to quit cigarettes first, e-cigarette-cigarette users preferred to quit cannabis first, and poly-users of all three products preferred to quit e-cigarettes first, followed by cigarettes, then cannabis. CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette cessation interventions must use relevant messages (e.g. target financial and health benefits of quitting) and consider poly-users' preferences for quitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Romm
- Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Daisy Le
- Department of Policy, Populations, and Systems, School of Nursing, George Washington University, Washington, United States
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, United States
| | - Lorien C Abroms
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, United States
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, United States
- George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, United States
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Wang R, Ye B, Wang P. Appearance comparison on social networking sites and body shame: The role of negative body talk and perceived sociocultural influences on body image. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241245100. [PMID: 38600686 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241245100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Social media platforms play a significant role in the lives of young people. While the usage of these platforms has grown, research exploring the challenges of body image remains limited. This study investigated whether initiating negative body talk functioned as an indirect pathway between appearance comparison on social media and body shame and whether perceived sociocultural influences from parents, friends, and media on body image moderated this indirect effect. An online cross-sectional survey of 795 Chinese college students (Mage = 20.17, SD = 1.65; 60% female, 40% male) was conducted. Negative body talk was a partial indirect pathway in the association, and this indirect effect was significant among those experiencing higher sociocultural pressures from all three sources. This study highlights the need for health psychology in understanding and addressing the mental health consequences associated with digital media and sociocultural influences on body image perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Wang
- Jiangxi Normal University, China
- Central China Normal University, China
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Ferrari A, Perillo T, Maria Milano G, Silva M, Rutigliano C, Salvo A, Livellara V, Conte M, Coccoli L, Amore E, Pierobon M, Vietina F, Pagani Bagliacca E, Spinelli M, Speranza Massei M, Massetti V, Legnani E, Puglisi I, Zucchetti G, Quarello P. The power of art and the powers of adolescents with cancer: Age-specific projects at Italian pediatric oncology centers. Tumori 2024:3008916241245005. [PMID: 38591573 DOI: 10.1177/03008916241245005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
This article describes the oncology programs developed in Italy for adolescents and young adults with cancer, with a specific focus on the local projects created in pediatric oncology centers. A common feature of such projects is the emphasis on creative and artistic activities and laboratories (involving music, photography, novel writing, fashion design, and so on) designed to give young patients innovative means of expression.This article highlights the amazing powers of adolescents involved in these projects: the power to produce beautiful things in a place that is not normally associated with the idea of beauty; the power to make their doctors smile and grasp the profound sense of life; the power to make hospitals become places for producing culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Perillo
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Silva
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Rutigliano
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Hematology/Oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Virginia Livellara
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Conte
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Coccoli
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Amore
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Pierobon
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Vietina
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Pagani Bagliacca
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Fondazione MBBM, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Spinelli
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Fondazione MBBM, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Speranza Massei
- Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Massetti
- Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Legnani
- Hematology-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Puglisi
- Hematology-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Zucchetti
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Quarello
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy
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Ramos BVR, Massini DA, Almeida TAF, Castro EA, Espada MC, Ferreira CC, Robalo RAM, Macedo AG, Pessôa Filho DM. Relationship between Femur Mineral Content and Local Muscle Strength and Mass. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:69. [PMID: 38651427 PMCID: PMC11036208 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the stimuli able to prevent early decreases in bone mineralization, exercise has a noticeable role per se as the source of mechanical stimulus or through lean tissue enlargement by its increasing of tensional stimulus. However, prevention strategies, including exercise, generally do not establish the moment in life when attention should begin to be paid to bone integrity, according to age group- and sex-related differences. Thus, this study analyzed the relationship between variables from the diagnosis of total and regional body composition, muscle strength, and bone mineral content (BMC) of femurs in young adult males. Thirty-four young Caucasian men (24.9 ± 8.6 years) had their body composition and bone density assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry. The subjects performed a one-repetition maximum test (1-RM) in a bench press, front pulley, seated-row, push press, arm curl, triceps pulley, leg flexion, leg extension, and 45° leg press for the assessment of muscle strength in upper and lower limbs in single- and multi-joint exercises. Lean tissue mass in the trunk and upper and lower limbs were related to femoral BMC (Pearson coefficient ranging from 0.55 to 0.72, p < 0.01), and 1-RM values for different exercises involving both upper and lower limbs also correlated with femoral BMC (Pearson coefficients ranging from 0.34 to 0.46, p < 0.05). Taken together, these correlations suggest that muscle mass and strength are positively linked with the magnitude of femoral mass in men, even in early adulthood. Hence, the importance of an enhanced muscle mass and strength to the health of femoral bones in young adults was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno V. R. Ramos
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (B.V.R.R.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Danilo A. Massini
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (B.V.R.R.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Tiago A. F. Almeida
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (B.V.R.R.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Eliane A. Castro
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (B.V.R.R.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Research Group (LFE—Research Group), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mário C. Espada
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal; (M.C.E.); (C.C.F.); (R.A.M.R.)
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & INnovation CenTer (SPRINT), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV-Leiria), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Cátia C. Ferreira
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal; (M.C.E.); (C.C.F.); (R.A.M.R.)
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & INnovation CenTer (SPRINT), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ricardo A. M. Robalo
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal; (M.C.E.); (C.C.F.); (R.A.M.R.)
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV-Leiria), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anderson G. Macedo
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (B.V.R.R.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
- Pos-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation, Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Dalton M. Pessôa Filho
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (B.V.R.R.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
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Orfin RH, Uceda V, Gardner C, Estrada B, Tamayo E, Hernández-Torres R, Li D, Rahman I, McIntosh S, Ossip DJ, Cupertino AP, Cartujano-Barrera F. Recruiting Latino young adults into a vaping cessation study via social media: Feasibility and cost analysis. Tob Prev Cessat 2024; 10:TPC-10-16. [PMID: 38596182 PMCID: PMC11002960 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/186146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to assess the feasibility and cost of recruiting young Latino adults (aged 18-25 years) to participate in a vaping cessation study via social media and to describe the baseline characteristics of participants enrolled via social media. METHODS Paid advertisements were launched using the Meta Ads platform, which serves ads to users on Facebook and Instagram. Key measures of audience targeting included ages 18-25 years, all genders, and the following interests: 'electronic cigarettes', 'vape', 'Latin pop', and 'Latin music'. The advertisements invited young Latino adults to join a text messaging vaping cessation study. By clicking on the advertisements, interested individuals were directed to a website to fill in a contact form. The study team contacted individuals who filled in the form, assessed them for study eligibility, and, if eligible, enrolled them in the study. RESULTS A total of 164 individuals completed the contact form, and 26 were successfully enrolled in the study. The enrollment efficiency ratio was 15.9% (26/164). The cost per enrollment was US$94.14. The participants' mean age was 22.7 years (SD=1.6). Half of the participants (50%) were male, 38.5% were female, and 11.5% were gender non-conforming/non-binary. Two-thirds of the participants (69.2%) were born in the US, 23.1% in Puerto Rico, and 7.7% in Mexico. Eight participants (30.7%) selected Spanish as their language of preference. In terms of the type of vaping device, 16 participants (61.5%) indicated using disposables, 6 (23.1%) cartridges/pods, and 4 (15.4%) tanks/refillable. Sixteen participants (61.5%) reported using marijuana in e-cigarettes. Six participants (23.1%) had high e-cigarette dependence. Twenty participants (76.9%) had attempted to quit e-cigarettes in the past year. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to recruit young Latino adults for a vaping cessation study via social media. Social media offers a relatively low-cost approach to recruiting a diverse sample of Latino young adults who vape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael H. Orfin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Victoria Uceda
- School of Medicine, St. George's University, United States
| | - Cody Gardner
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | | | | | | | - Dongmei Li
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Scott McIntosh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Deborah J. Ossip
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Ana Paula Cupertino
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
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24
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Maslova O, Shusharina N, Videnin A, Pyatin V. Integrative function of proprioceptive system in the acute effects of whole body vibration on the movement performance in young adults. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1357199. [PMID: 38654753 PMCID: PMC11035735 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1357199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The proprioceptive system coordinates locomotion, but its role in short-term integration and recovery of motor activity in imbalance of motor patterns and body remains debated. The aim of this study is investigating the functional role of proprioceptive system in motor patterns and body balance in healthy young adults. Methods 70 participants (aged 20.1 ± 0.3) were divided into experimental groups EG1 (n = 30), EG2 (n = 30), control group (CG, n = 10). EG1 performed single WBV session on Power Plate (7 exercises adapted to Functional Movement Screen (FMS). EG2 performed single session of FMS Exercises (FMSE). CG didn't perform any physical activity. All participants performed pre- and post-session of FMS and stabilometric measurements. Results FMS total score in EG1 increased by 2.0 ± 0.2 (p0 < 0.001), this was significantly differed (p0 < 0.001) from EG2 and CG. Acute effects of WBV and FMSE on rate of change and standard deviation (SD) of pressure center (COP) were shown in all groups during Static Test (p0 < 0.01). SD increased (p0 < 0.01) in Given Setting Test in EG1 and EG2, and in Romberg Test (p0 < 0.001) in EG1. Length, width and area (p0 < 0.01) of confidence ellipse, containing 95% of the statokinesiogram points, decreased in Static Test in EG1; width and area (p0 < 0.01) decreased in EG2 group. Significant (p0 < 0.01) decrease in Given Setting Test was in EG1, and significant (p0 < 0.01) increase was in Romberg Test (open eyes) in CG. Maximum amplitude of COP oscillations: significantly (p0 < 0.01) decreasing along X and Y axes in EG1 and EG2, and along Y axis in CG during Static Test; along Y axis (p0 < 0.01) in all groups during Given Setting Test. Significant differences were identified (p0 < 0.01) in calculated energy consumption for COP moving during all stabilometric tests. However, inter-group differences in COP after acute WBV and FMSE sessions have not been identified. Conclusions Acute WBV session eliminates the deficits in motor patterns which is not the case after acute FMSE session, which, according to our integrative movement tuning hypothesis, is due to high activation of integrative function of proprioceptive system. Efficacy of WBV and FMSE on COP performance indicates a high sensitivity of postural control to different levels of proprioceptive system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Maslova
- Neurosociology Laboratory, Neurosciences Research Institute, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Natalia Shusharina
- Baltic Center for Neurotechnologies and Artificial Intelligence, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Arseniy Videnin
- Physiology Department, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Vasiliy Pyatin
- Neurointerfaces and Neurotechnologies Laboratory, Neurosciences Research Institute, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
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25
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Tadewos D, Tadesse S, Ejajo T, Tadesse T. Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Associated Factors Among High School Students in Shinshicho Town, Southern Ethiopia. Health Serv Insights 2024; 17:11786329241245232. [PMID: 38596812 PMCID: PMC11003333 DOI: 10.1177/11786329241245232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early identification of people living with hepatitis B virus infection is required to initiate treatment and care, prevent community transmission, and expand vaccination. However, only an estimated 10% of people living with chronic hepatitis B infection are diagnosed, and only 2% are on treatment globally. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and its associated factors among high school students in Shinshicho Town, southern Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 high school students in Shinshicho Town, southern Ethiopia, from September to October 2022. A laboratory investigation of hepatitis B surface antigen was done to determine infection status. An odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance. Results The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among high school students in Shinshicho town was observed to be 7.6% (95% CI: 5.5, 10.5%). Age 20 to 24 years [AOR: 2.7; 95% CI: (1.0-7.0)], rural residence [AOR: 3.4; 95% CI: (1.3-8.9)], and history of unprotected drug injection [AOR: 11.3; 95% CI: (3.7-34.8)] were independently associated with hepatitis B virus infection. Conclusion A high prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was observed among high school students in this study. Therefore, strengthening the school-based screen-and-treat program, especially targeting students from rural areas and young adults, and conducting awareness campaigns about the importance of practicing safe behaviors, such as avoiding unprotected drug injections, could contribute to the prevention and control of hepatitis B virus infection among high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta Tadewos
- School of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Sebsibe Tadesse
- National Data Management and Analytics Center for Health, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tekle Ejajo
- School of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Tegegn Tadesse
- School of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
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26
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Lorenzatti D, Piña P, Huang D, Apple SJ, Fernandez-Hazim C, Ippolito P, Abdullah A, Rodriguez-Guerra M, Skendelas JP, Scotti A, Kuno T, Latib A, Schenone AL, Nasir K, Blankstein R, Blaha MJ, Berman DS, Dey D, Virani SS, Garcia MJ, Slipczuk L. Interaction Between Risk Factors, Coronary Calcium, and CCTA Plaque Characteristics in Patients Age 18-45. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024:jeae094. [PMID: 38578944 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The atherosclerotic profile and advanced plaque subtype burden in symptomatic patients ≤45 years old have not been established. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of coronary artery calcium (CAC), plaque subtypes, and plaque burden by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in symptomatic young patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 907 symptomatic young patients (18-45 years) from Montefiore undergoing CCTA for chest pain evaluation. Prevalence and predictors of CAC, plaque subtypes, and burden were evaluated using semi-automated software. In the overall population (55% female and 44% Hispanic), 89% had CAC = 0. The likelihood of CAC or any plaque by CCTA increased with >3 risk factors (RF, OR 7.13 [2.14-23.7] and OR 10.26 [3.36-31.2], respectively). Any plaque by CCTA was present in 137 (15%); the strongest independent predictors were age ≥35 years (OR 3.62 [2.05-6.41]) and family history of premature CAD (FHx) (OR 2.76 [1.67-4.58]). Stenosis ≥50% was rare (1.8%), with 31% of those having CAC = 0. Significant non-calcified (NCP, 37.2%) and low-attenuation (LAP, 4.24%) plaque burdens were seen, even in those with non-obstructive stenosis. Among patients with CAC = 0, 5% had plaque, and the only predictor of exclusively non-calcified plaque was FHx (OR 2.29 [1.08-4.86]). CONCLUSIONS In symptomatic young patients undergoing CCTA, the prevalence of CAC or any coronary atherosclerosis was not negligible, and the likelihood increased with RF burden. The presence of coronary stenosis ≥50% was rare and most often accompanied by CAC > 0 but there was a significant burden of NCP and LAP even within the non-obstructive group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lorenzatti
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Pamela Piña
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, CEDIMAT. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Dou Huang
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Samuel J Apple
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Carol Fernandez-Hazim
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Paul Ippolito
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aftab Abdullah
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Rodriguez-Guerra
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John P Skendelas
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Scotti
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Toshiki Kuno
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Azeem Latib
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aldo L Schenone
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness. Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center. Houston Methodist. Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division) and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital. Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Damini Dey
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Salim S Virani
- Office of the Vice Provost (Research), The Aga Khan University. Karachi, Pakistan. Division of Cardiology, The Texas Heart Institute/Baylor College of Medicine. Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mario J Garcia
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Leandro Slipczuk
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, NY, USA
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Lauckner C, Takenaka BP, Sesenu F, Brown JS, Kirklewski SJ, Nicholson E, Haney K, Adatorwovor R, Boyd DT, Fallin-Bennett K, Restar AJ, Kershaw T. Combined Motivational Interviewing and Ecological Momentary Intervention to Reduce Hazardous Alcohol Use Among Sexual Minority Cisgender Men and Transgender Individuals: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e55166. [PMID: 38578673 PMCID: PMC11031694 DOI: 10.2196/55166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual minority cisgender men and transgender (SMMT) individuals, particularly emerging adults (aged 18-34 years), often report hazardous drinking. Given that alcohol use increases the likelihood of HIV risk behaviors, and HIV disproportionately affects SMMT individuals, there is a need to test interventions that reduce hazardous alcohol use and subsequent HIV risk behaviors among this population. Ecological momentary interventions (EMIs), which use mobile phones to deliver risk reduction messages based on current location and behaviors, can help to address triggers that lead to drinking in real time. OBJECTIVE This study will test an EMI that uses motivational interviewing (MI), smartphone surveys, mobile breathalyzers, and location tracking to provide real-time messaging that addresses triggers for drinking when SMMT individuals visit locations associated with hazardous alcohol use. In addition, the intervention will deliver harm reduction messaging if individuals report engaging in alcohol use. METHODS We will conduct a 3-arm randomized controlled trial (N=405 HIV-negative SMMT individuals; n=135, 33% per arm) comparing the following conditions: (1) Tracking and Reducing Alcohol Consumption (a smartphone-delivered 4-session MI intervention), (2) Tracking and Reducing Alcohol Consumption and Environmental Risk (an EMI combining MI with real-time messaging based on geographic locations that are triggers to drinking), and (3) a smartphone-based alcohol monitoring-only control group. Breathalyzer results and daily self-reports will be used to assess the primary and secondary outcomes of drinking days, drinks per drinking day, binge drinking episodes, and HIV risk behaviors. Additional assessments at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months will evaluate exploratory long-term outcomes. RESULTS The study is part of a 5-year research project funded in August 2022 by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The first 1.5 years of the study will be dedicated to planning and development activities, including formative research, app design and testing, and message design and testing. The subsequent 3.5 years will see the study complete participant recruitment, data collection, analyses, report writing, and dissemination. We expect to complete all study data collection in or before January 2027. CONCLUSIONS This study will provide novel evidence about the relative efficacy of using a smartphone-delivered MI intervention and real-time messaging to address triggers for hazardous alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors. The EMI approach, which incorporates location-based preventive messaging and behavior surveys, may help to better understand the complexity of daily stressors among SMMT individuals and their impact on hazardous alcohol use and HIV risk behaviors. The tailoring of this intervention toward SMMT individuals helps to address their underrepresentation in existing alcohol use research and will be promising for informing where structural alcohol use prevention and treatment interventions are needed to support SMMT individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05576350; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05576350. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/55166.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Lauckner
- Center for Health Equity Transformation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Bryce Puesta Takenaka
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Fidelis Sesenu
- Center for Health Equity Transformation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jaime S Brown
- Center for Health Equity Transformation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sally J Kirklewski
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Erin Nicholson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kimberly Haney
- Center for Health Equity Transformation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Reuben Adatorwovor
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Donte T Boyd
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Keisa Fallin-Bennett
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Arjee Javellana Restar
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Trace Kershaw
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
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28
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Wright ID, Jensen CD, Duraccio KM. Predictors of adherence to a brief sleep extension protocol in emerging adults. J Pediatr Psychol 2024:jsae025. [PMID: 38578604 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined how mental health symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress) and baseline sleep characteristics (i.e., sleep quality and levels of daytime sleepiness) predicted adherence to and initial success of a brief sleep extension research protocol in emerging adults. METHODS 184 emerging adults (ages 18-25; M = 20.96, SD = 2.04) were asked to extend their nightly sleep opportunity to 8 hr for 1 week and to anchor bedtime and waketime. Sleep outcomes (adherence and initial protocol success) were tracked using actigraphy. Baseline sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Poorer baseline sleep quality predicted better adherence to the protocol (p = .002). Other baseline sleep characteristics and mental health were not predictive of adherence (ps>.50). Lower levels of baseline daytime sleepiness approached significance in predicting greater initial protocol success following the protocol (p = .05). Baseline sleep quality and mental health did not predict initial protocol success (ps > 0.34). CONCLUSIONS Mental health symptoms did not significantly predict adherence to or the success of a sleep extension protocol. Surprisingly, individuals with poor baseline sleep quality were more likely to adhere to the extension protocol, perhaps suggesting heightened motivation for change or increased risk for sleep problems. This research provides valuable insight into factors that predict adherence to sleep extension protocols in emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella D Wright
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Chad D Jensen
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Kara M Duraccio
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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Szewczyk M, Pazdrowski J, Golusiński P, Więckowska B, Golusiński W. Oral cancer in young adults: should we approach these patients differently? Front Oncol 2024; 14:1297752. [PMID: 38646430 PMCID: PMC11026602 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1297752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The influence of age on treatment outcomes in oral cancer is unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence of oral cancer in adults under age 45 and to compare treatment outcomes by age. Methods Retrospective study of 284 patients treated for oral cancer from 2010 to 2021. The primary analysis involved the full cohort stratified by age (< vs. ≥ 45y). The second analysis included all patients under age 45 (n=44) matched 1:1 by sex and stage to older patients (age 55-70). Results In the primary analysis, the only significant difference was more comorbidities in the older group (p<0.001). In the matched-pair analysis, older patients were more likely to be smokers (75% vs. 54%; p=0.045) and had more comorbidities (p=0.007). The mean PLR and NLR values were significantly higher in the younger group. Conclusions No significant differences were observed between age groups in disease stage or outcomes, suggesting that other variables are more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Szewczyk
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Pazdrowski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Golusiński
- Department of Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Barbara Więckowska
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Golusiński
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
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30
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Marín-Chollom AM, Beaucant P, King C, Pervil I, Rubin LR, Revenson TA. The integration of the cancer experience into identity: Perspectives from young adults. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241240932. [PMID: 38566369 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241240932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The study explored how young adults with cancer create a cancer identity across the illness trajectory. Young adults with hematological cancers (n = 53, ages 20-39) completed a semi-structured interview and brief questionnaire. Deductive thematic analysis was used to code interviews. Four identity categories (Acceptance, Enrichment, Engulfment, and Rejection) were coded and linked to the cancer stage (pre-treatment, active treatment, post-treatment). Pre-treatment, there was minimal expression about identity. Acceptance during active treatment involved identity work around disclosure and the integration of pre-cancer identity with the treatment experience. Post-treatment, acceptance involved actively making sense of the cancer experience and its long-term impact; Enrichment was more frequent post-treatment. Engulfment was expressed most during treatment. Individuals who remained engulfed post-treatment expressed difficulties moving beyond the patient's identity. Rejection of a cancer identity was rarely expressed. Understanding how young adults integrate the cancer experience into their identity may suggest intervention strategies.
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Sariyeva M, Haghighi N, Mitchell A, Booker WA, Petersen NH, Shields AD, Ghoshal S, Agarwal S, Park S, Claassen J, Connolly ES, Roh DJ, Miller EC. Primary and Secondary Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Young Adults by SMASH-UP Criteria. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034032. [PMID: 38533990 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.034032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major cause of maternal morbidity, but its pathophysiology is poorly characterized. We investigated characteristics of pregnancy-associated ICH (P-ICH), compared with ICH in similar aged nonpregnant adults of both sexes. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a retrospective analysis of 134 adults aged 18 to 44 years admitted to our center with nontraumatic ICH from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021. We compared ICH characteristics among 3 groups: those with P-ICH (pregnant or within 12 months of end of pregnancy); nonpregnant women; and men. We categorized ICH pathogenesis according to a modified scheme, SMASH-UP (structural, medications, amyloid angiopathy, systemic, hypertension, undetermined, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome/reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome), and calculated odds ratios and 95% CIs for primary (spontaneous small-vessel) ICH versus secondary ICH (structural lesions or coagulopathy related), using nonpregnant women as the reference. We also compared specific ICH pathogenesis by SMASH-UP criteria and functional outcomes between groups. Of 134 young adults with nontraumatic ICH, 25 (19%) had P-ICH, of which 60% occurred postpartum. Those with P-ICH had higher odds of primary ICH compared with nonpregnant women (adjusted odds ratio, 4.5 [95% CI, 1.4-14.7]). The odds of primary ICH did not differ between men and nonpregnant women. SMASH-UP pathogenesis for ICH differed significantly between groups (P<0.001). While the in-hospital mortality rate was lowest in the P-ICH group (4%) compared with nonpregnant women (13%) and men (24%), 1 in 4 patients with P-ICH were bedbound and dependent at the time of discharge. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort of young adults with ICH, 1 in 5 was pregnancy related. P-ICH differed in pathogenesis compared with non-pregnancy-related ICH in young adults, suggesting unique pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehriban Sariyeva
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Division Columbia University New York NY
| | - Noora Haghighi
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Division Columbia University New York NY
| | - Amanda Mitchell
- Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Division Columbia University New York NY
| | - Whitney A Booker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division Columbia University New York NY
| | - Nils H Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Division Yale University New Haven CT
| | - Andrea D Shields
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division University of Connecticut Health Hartford CT
| | - Shivani Ghoshal
- Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Division Columbia University New York NY
| | - Sachin Agarwal
- Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Division Columbia University New York NY
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Division Columbia University New York NY
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Columbia University New York NY
| | - Jan Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Division Columbia University New York NY
| | | | - David J Roh
- Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Division Columbia University New York NY
| | - Eliza C Miller
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Division Columbia University New York NY
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Frost-Pineda K, Polster M. Commentary: Cigarette dependence in menthol and non-menthol young adult cigarette smokers. J Addict Dis 2024; 42:122-125. [PMID: 36607174 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2022.2158659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
FDA's Proposed Final Rule to ban menthol cigarettes asserts that "menthol cigarettes contribute to greater nicotine dependence in youth and young adults than non-menthol cigarettes." However, none of the publications referenced included young adults. To provide empirical evidence on the subject, we examine smoking frequency and Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) dependence among 2,194 young adult (ages 18-25 years) menthol and non-menthol smokers from 31 online survey samples. Unpaired t-tests examined if daily smoking or the proportion of daily smokers who are low or high dependence on the HSI vary by menthol cigarette smoking status. Young adult menthol smokers were less likely to be daily smokers than young adult non-menthol smokers. There were no differences in the percentages of daily menthol and non-menthol smokers categorized as low or high dependence on the HSI. Smoking menthol cigarettes, therefore, does not appear to be associated with greater cigarette dependence among young adults than smoking non-menthol cigarettes.
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Bopp CM, Wilson OWA. The independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome in United States college students. J Am Coll Health 2024; 72:768-775. [PMID: 35380927 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2057191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective To examine the association of CRF and adiposity with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome among emerging adults. Participants: 5681 (60.1% Men; 21 ± 1years) college students from a large university located in the northeast of the United States. Methods: Participants completed an objective health assessment that involved the assessment cardiometabolic risk factors, CRF, and adiposity. Data of 5681 students' (60.1% Men; 21 ± 1years) who had CRF, adiposity, all risk factors necessary to determine metabolic syndrome evaluated were analyzed using logistic regression analyses. Results: Poor CRF and elevated adiposity were associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome regardless of sex, with the association between adiposity and risk factors found to be stronger compared to CRF. Conclusions: Targeted and tailored screening and interventions are urgently needed to reduce adiposity and increase CRF to avoid serious short and long-term negative health outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver W A Wilson
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
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Meille G. Interruptions in Insurance Coverage and Prescription Drug Utilization: Evidence from Kentucky. Med Care Res Rev 2024; 81:133-144. [PMID: 38062727 DOI: 10.1177/10775587231213691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This study examined how interruptions in insurance coverage affect purchases of prescription drugs for young adults. It used data spanning 2014 to 2018 from Kentucky's prescription drug monitoring program, which tracked the universe of federally-regulated (Schedule II-V) prescription drugs dispensed in the state. The study employed a regression discontinuity design based on the age limit at 26 for dependent insurance coverage for children. At age 26, the probability of purchasing a prescription decreased by 5%, with all subcategories of prescriptions affected. The share of generic prescriptions increased for stimulants (the only category observed with substantial branded prescriptions). By age 27, prescription purchases returned to levels observed at 25, but the share purchased with public insurance and the generic share for stimulants remained higher. The findings suggest that interruptions in insurance coverage decrease prescription drug utilization by young adults and that public insurance programs such as Medicaid are important for resuming treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Meille
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD, USA
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35
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Whitton SW, Devlin EA, Lawlace M, Newcomb ME. Disclosure and Help-Seeking Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: A Mixed-Methods Study. J Interpers Violence 2024; 39:1373-1397. [PMID: 37882155 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231207618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minorities assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB) experience high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV), with negative effects on health and well-being. Disclosure of and help-seeking for IPV can support the well-being of IPV survivors, yet are understudied among SGM-AFAB people. To better understand the IPV disclosure and help-seeking experiences in this population, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 41 SGM-AFAB young adults who experienced physical, sexual, or severe psychological IPV. Qualitative analyses explored to whom SGM-AFAB disclosed IPV, barriers to disclosure/help-seeking, the types of responses received, and perceived helpfulness of responses. Exploratory mixed methods analyses assessed frequency of code endorsement, demographic differences, and associations among codes. Three-quarters of participants disclosed IPV, though rates were lower for sexual and physical than psychological IPV and very few sought help from formal sources. The most common barriers to disclosure were not viewing the IPV as abuse and anticipation of negative responses, often due to stigma; other participants described inability to access formal help and concerns about SGM incompetence in those services. Most actual responses received were considered helpful, including emotional support, labeling the IPV as unhealthy, nonjudgmental listening, actions to stop the IPV, and practical support. Minimizing IPV or criticizing the victim was common unhelpful response; advice to end the relationship was considered helpful and unhelpful. Whereas 92% of friend responses were described as helpful, around half of family (56%) and therapist (62%) responses were helpful. Findings suggest that efforts to increase access to culturally affirmative services and educate SGM youth to recognize IPV in their relationships may help promote help-seeking and well-being among SGM-AFAB IPV survivors.
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Quartermaine JR, Rose TA, Auld ML, Johnston LM. Factors impacting positive and negative participation of young people with cerebral palsy: a Delphi study of consumers and health professionals. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:1330-1338. [PMID: 37147876 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2194062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify specific factors influencing the participation experiences of young people with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 15 to 26 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS A three-round Delphi survey study design was used. Consumers (young people with CP and caregivers) and health professionals were asked to generate and then rate items influencing positive and negative participation experiences. Qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics were used to classify items across the family of Participation-Related Constructs (fPRC) framework. RESULTS Sixty-eight participants completed Round I (25 consumers, 43 health professionals). Round II resulted in a consensus for all but two items, with Round III not required. The fPRC construct with the most items rated as extremely important for positive participation experiences was Environment-Availability, and for negative participation, experiences were Environment-Acceptability for both adolescents and young adults. CONCLUSIONS A consensus was reached on the most important items influencing the positive and negative participation experiences of young people with CP. These items should be prioritised when developing support services and allocating funding to improve the participation experiences of young people with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta R Quartermaine
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Children's Motor Control Research Collaboration, Brisbane, Australia
- Choice, Passion, Life, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy Register, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tanya A Rose
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Megan L Auld
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Children's Motor Control Research Collaboration, Brisbane, Australia
- Choice, Passion, Life, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy Register, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne M Johnston
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Children's Motor Control Research Collaboration, Brisbane, Australia
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Charlucien-Koech R, Brady J, Fryer A, Diaz-Gonzalez de Ferris ME. School Nurses Practices Promoting Self-Management and Healthcare Transition Skills for Adolescents with Chronic Conditions in Urban Public Schools: A Mixed Methods Study. J Sch Nurs 2024; 40:174-188. [PMID: 34928723 DOI: 10.1177/10598405211053266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with chronic conditions should acquire self-management skills as part of their healthcare transition (HCT) from pediatric to adult-focused care. HCT/self-management skills have the potential to help mitigate health disparities among minority AYA with chronic conditions. This study investigated school nurses' practices promoting HCT/self-management skills in urban public schools. Methods: Seventy-nine nurses from three urban school districts in Massachusetts completed a survey of 32 Likert-type questions on HCT/self-management skills, eight demographic questions, and five open-ended practice questions assessing how often they have asked students with chronic conditions about HCT/self-management skills, based on the UNC TRxANSITION IndexTM. Results: Among the 79 school nurses who participated (response rate 76%), 67% never or rarely assessed students' knowledge of HCT/self-management, and 90% would use a tool that promotes/measures HCT/self-management skills. Conclusion: In our study sample, most school nurses acknowledged the importance of assessing HCT/self-management skills. The majority favored using a tool to promote these skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselaine Charlucien-Koech
- Department of Health Services, Boston Public Schools, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Regis College, Weston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacqueline Brady
- Department of Health Services, Boston Public Schools, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne Fryer
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Regis College, Weston, Massachusetts
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Corran C, Khan M, Gallant S, Shalev U, O'Connor RM. Restrained eating and alcohol use: Testing drinking to cope and impulsivity as moderators. J Am Coll Health 2024; 72:671-675. [PMID: 35471931 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2062246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The association between restrained eating and alcohol use remains poorly understood among undergraduates. Consistent with tension reduction theory, individuals with disordered eating may be motivated to drink alcohol to cope with negative emotionality. Perhaps what pushes them to drink despite restriction goals is impulsivity. The combined impact of drinking to cope and impulsivity on the theoretically complex link between restrained eating and alcohol outcomes has not been previously examined. The current study tested the moderating effect of drinking to cope and impulsivity on the association between restrained eating and alcohol use and problems. Undergraduates (N = 1,619) self-reported on eating disorder symptoms, alcohol use motives, impulsivity, and alcohol outcomes. A moderation model revealed that restrained eating predicted past 30-day alcohol use, but only for women high in both drinking to cope and impulsivity. These findings help characterize alcohol misuse risk among young adults who restrict their eating, thereby, results may inform interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Uri Shalev
- Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Chatzikalil E, Roka K, Diamantopoulos PT, Rigatou E, Avgerinou G, Kattamis A, Solomou EE. Venetoclax Combination Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Adolescents and Young Adult Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2046. [PMID: 38610812 PMCID: PMC11012941 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the prognosis in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has significantly improved. The standard intensive cytotoxic treatment approach for AYAs with AML, consisting of induction chemotherapy with anthracycline/cytarabine combination followed by consolidation chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation, has lately been shifting toward novel targeted therapies, mostly in the fields of clinical trials. One of the most recent advances in treating AML is the combination of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) inhibitor venetoclax with hypomethylating agents, which has been studied in elderly populations and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for patients over 75 years of age or patients excluded from intensive chemotherapy induction schemas due to comorbidities. Regarding the AYA population, venetoclax combination therapy could be a therapeutic option for patients with refractory/relapsed (R/R) AML, although data from real-world studies are currently limited. Venetoclax is frequently used by AYAs diagnosed with advanced hematologic malignancies, mainly acute lymphoblastic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, as a salvage therapeutic option with considerable efficacy and safety. Herein, we aim to summarize the evidence obtained from clinical trials and observational studies on venetoclax use in AYAs with AML. Based on the available evidence, venetoclax is a safe and effective therapeutic option for R/R AML AYA patients. However, further research in larger cohorts is needed to confirm these data, establishing the benefits of a venetoclax-based regimen for this special population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chatzikalil
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kleoniki Roka
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis T. Diamantopoulos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Efthymia Rigatou
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Avgerinou
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Elena E. Solomou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, 26500 Rion, Greece
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Johnson SL, Rasmussen JM, Mansoor M, Ibrahim H, Rono W, Goel P, Vissoci JRN, Von Isenburg M, Puffer ES. Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration in Adolescents and Young Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review. Trauma Violence Abuse 2024; 25:1168-1183. [PMID: 37226506 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231173428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health crisis with long-term adverse consequences for both victims and perpetrators. Patterns of violence often begin during adolescence, yet most interventions target adult relationships. A systematic review was conducted to identify correlates of IPV victimization and perpetration among adolescents and young adults in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Eligible studies included participants 10 to 24 years old, took place in SSA, and tested a statistical association between a correlate and an IPV outcome. Correlates were defined as any condition or characteristic associated with statistically significant increased or decreased risk of IPV victimization or perpetration. PsycInfo, PubMed, Embase, and African Index Medicus were searched and included studies published between January 1, 2000 and February 4, 2022. The search resulted in 3,384 original studies, of which 55 met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Correlates were first qualitatively synthesized by developmental period (e.g., early adolescence, older adolescence, and young adulthood) and then organized in a conceptual framework by correlate type (e.g., socio-demographic; health, behavior, and attitudes; relational; or contextual). Over two decades of literature reveals variability in evidence by developmental period but also substantial overlap in the correlates of victimization and perpetration. This review identifies multiple points for intervention and results suggest the urgent need for earlier, developmentally appropriate prevention efforts among younger adolescents as well as combined approaches that target both victimization and perpetration of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah L Johnson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Justin M Rasmussen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Hawo Ibrahim
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wilter Rono
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Pari Goel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - João R N Vissoci
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Megan Von Isenburg
- Duke University Medical Center Library, Duke University Medical Center Archives, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eve S Puffer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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Crisp ZC, Grant JE. Impulsivity across psychiatric disorders in young adults. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 130:152449. [PMID: 38184857 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Impulsivity is a common cognitive issue across several psychiatric illnesses but is most frequently associated with the DSM-5 Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders, ADHD, and addictive disorders. We hypothesized that a wide range of psychiatric disorders would be associated with elevated impulsivity, not just those commonly linked to impulsiveness. This study aimed to explore the relationship between impulsivity and various psychiatric disorders in young adults. PROCEDURES 700 non-treatment seeking participants (aged 18-29 years) were enrolled from the general community, provided demographic information, and underwent a psychiatric evaluation to screen for various psychiatric disorders. Each participant then completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), a self-report measure of impulsivity, followed by the Stop Signal Task (SST), a computerized stop-attention task that measures impulse control. Impulsivity levels across psychiatric disorders were examined by analyzing z-scores relative to controls. MAIN FINDINGS Patients with bulimia nervosa, comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia, and borderline personality disorder showed the highest levels of attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsivity, respectively. The effect size of the difference in total BIS impulsivity was large (d > 0.8) for several conditions including eating, personality, addictive, and mood disorders. The effect size of the difference in impulsivity was not large for any of the measures of ADHD. As compared to other psychiatric disorders analyzed, trichotillomania showed the greatest levels of impulsivity as measured by SST. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS This data indicates that a wide range of psychiatric disorders exhibit heightened impulsivity with findings differing across various cognitive domains. Comorbidity resulted in unique findings of elevated impulsivity. This may suggest utility in viewing impulsivity as a transdiagnostic factor for a broad range of psychiatric disorders. Future studies should analyze comorbidities and whether patient psychiatric medication impacts these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zharia C Crisp
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Peschel SKV, Fürtjes S, Sigrist C, Voss C, Berwanger J, Ollmann TM, Kische H, Rückert F, Koenig J, Pieper L, Beesdo-Baum K. Tension and disordered eating behaviors in the daily lives of adolescents and young adults from the general population: Associations and moderating role of trait emotion regulation. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:252-263. [PMID: 37850537 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Experiences of tension and difficulties in emotion regulation have been linked to eating pathology in clinical samples and are targeted in respective treatment approaches. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of tension on engagement in disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) and potential moderating effects of trait emotion regulation in young people from the general population. A subsample of 971 adolescents and young adults from an epidemiological cohort study reported on levels of tension and four different DEBs (skipping eating, restrained eating, eating large amounts of food, loss-of-control-eating) via ecological momentary assessment (EMA), as well as on trait emotion regulation via questionnaire. In multilevel models, momentary tension did not predict levels of subsequent DEBs. However, higher average levels of tension across the EMA period predicted higher levels of all DEBs. No interactions with emotion regulation emerged. Individuals experiencing overall higher levels of tension appear to be more prone to engaging in DEBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K V Peschel
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophia Fürtjes
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Sigrist
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Catharina Voss
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Berwanger
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresa M Ollmann
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanna Kische
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Rückert
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Pieper
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Beesdo-Baum
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Prince EJ, Carroll CP, Pecker LH. Psychiatry referral and appointment attendance in a clinic for young adults with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30860. [PMID: 38197728 PMCID: PMC10956472 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Mental illness is a common sickle cell disease (SCD) comorbidity. This observational study evaluated psychiatry appointment attendance among 137 young adults with SCD. In their first year of adult SCD care, 43% of subjects were referred to psychiatry. Referral was associated with chronic transfusion therapy. Twenty-four percent of subjects attended a psychiatry appointment; attendance was associated with the appointment being scheduled within 6 weeks of referral and no subject characteristics. Ninety-one percent of subjects attending psychiatry appointments had a psychiatric disorder. Among young adults with SCD, psychiatric morbidity is high. Psychiatric services are, therefore, essential for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Prince
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - C Patrick Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lydia H Pecker
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Wong SKW, Soon W, Griva K, Smith HE. Identifying barriers and facilitators to self care in young adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15229. [PMID: 37767739 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS There is a rising trend of young-onset type 2 diabetes (YOD) occurring before the age of 40 years. Lower adherence to self care behaviours (diet, physical activity and taking medication) contributed to poorer glycaemic control and higher risk of complications. Young adults with YOD face unique challenges, and our study aimed to identify the main barriers and facilitators of self care behaviours in this population. METHODOLOGY A qualitative study was conducted in the National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore, using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Maximal variation sampling was employed to include participants with YOD of varied age, ethnicity, educational levels and marital status. Thematic analysis was conducted, and barriers and facilitators were identified and mapped to domains of the theoretical domains framework. RESULTS Twenty-one participants aged 22-39 years were interviewed. We found patterns of intentions, self care behaviours and mindsets that were associated with different barriers and facilitators. Four patterns were identified and were named according to mindsets: avoidant, indifferent, striving and activated. In addition, experience of stigma and self-blame from having type 2 diabetes in young adulthood was common across all mindsets, contributing to poorer self care behaviours and increased psychological burden. CONCLUSION Our study identified key barriers and facilitators of diet, physical activity and medication adherence in young adults with type 2 diabetes. Understanding barriers and facilitators, as related to mindsets, intentions and behaviours, will support a more individualised care approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina K W Wong
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Winnie Soon
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore
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Priya S, Hartigan T, Perry SS, Goetz S, Dalla Pria OAF, Walling A, Nagpal P, Ashwath R, Bi X, Chitiboi T. Utilizing Artificial Intelligence-Based Deformable Registration for Global and Layer-Specific Cardiac MRI Strain Analysis in Healthy Children and Young Adults. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:1643-1654. [PMID: 38177034 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The absence of published reference values for multilayer-specific strain measurement using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in young healthy individuals limits its use. This study aimed to establish normal global and layer-specific strain values in healthy children and young adults using a deformable registration algorithm (DRA). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study included 131 healthy children and young adults (62 males and 69 females) with a mean age of 16.6 ± 3.9 years. CMR examinations were conducted using 1.5T scanners, and strain analysis was performed using TrufiStrain research prototype software (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany). Global and layer-specific strain parameters were extracted from balanced Steady-state free precession cine images. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of demographic variables on strain measurements. RESULTS The peak global longitudinal strain (LS) was -16.0 ± 3.0%, peak global radial strain (RS) was 29.9 ± 6.3%, and peak global circumferential strain (CS) was -17.0 ± 1.8%. Global LS differed significantly between males and females. Transmural strain analysis showed a consistent pattern of decreasing LS and CS from endocardium to epicardium, while radial strain increased. Basal-to-apical strain distribution exhibited decreasing LS and increasing CS in both global and layer-specific analysis. CONCLUSION This study uses DRA to provide reference values for global and layer-specific strain in healthy children and young adults. The study highlights the impact of sex and age on LS and body mass index on RS. These insights are vital for future cardiac assessments in children, particularly for early detection of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarv Priya
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 (S.P., T.H., S.G., O.A.F.D.P., A.W.).
| | - Tyler Hartigan
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 (S.P., T.H., S.G., O.A.F.D.P., A.W.)
| | - Sarah S Perry
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (S.S.P.)
| | - Sawyer Goetz
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 (S.P., T.H., S.G., O.A.F.D.P., A.W.)
| | - Otavio Augusto Ferreira Dalla Pria
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 (S.P., T.H., S.G., O.A.F.D.P., A.W.)
| | - Abigail Walling
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 (S.P., T.H., S.G., O.A.F.D.P., A.W.)
| | - Prashant Nagpal
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (P.N.)
| | - Ravi Ashwath
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa (R.A.)
| | - Xiaoming Bi
- MR R&D, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Los Angeles, California (X.B.)
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Castro-Uriol D, Rios L, Enriquez-Vera D, Montoya J, Runciman T, Alarcón S, Zapata A, Hernández E, León E, Malpica L, Valcarcel B. Real-World Outcomes of Adolescents and Young Adults with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024; 13:323-330. [PMID: 37843922 PMCID: PMC10998009 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2023.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are typically treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). However, a standard of care for managing adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with DLBCL is lacking. We examine treatment approaches and outcomes of this population. Methods: We included 90 AYAs (15-39 years) diagnosed with DLBCL between 2008 and 2018 in three tertiary centers in Peru. Overall response rates (ORR) were available for all patients. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 33 years, 57% were males, 57% had good performance status (Lansky/Karnofsky ≥90), and 61% were diagnosed with early-stage disease (Ann Arbor stages I-II). R-CHOP (n = 69, 77%) was the most frequently used first-line regimen, with an ORR of 91%. With a median follow-up of 83 months, the 5-year OS and PFS among all patients were 79% and 67%, respectively. Among the patients who received R-CHOP, the 5-year OS and PFS were 77% and 66%, respectively. Of the 29 (32%) patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease, 83% received second-line treatment and only 14% underwent consolidation therapy with autologous transplantation. The 3-year OS for R/R DLBCL was 36%. Conclusion: Our data show that AYAs with DLBCL who received conventional therapy had comparable outcomes to those observed in studies conducted among the adult population. However, the prognosis for AYAs with R/R disease was dismal, indicating the unmet need for developing and increasing access to novel treatment modalities in AYAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Castro-Uriol
- Departamento de Oncología y Radioterapia, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
- Centro de Medicina de Precisión, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
| | - Ligia Rios
- Unidad de Oncología Pediátrica y del Adolescente, Departamento de Oncología y Radioterapia, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Perú
| | - Daniel Enriquez-Vera
- Division of HTLV-1/ATL Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Jacqueline Montoya
- Departamento de Oncología Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Thanya Runciman
- Departamento de Oncología y Radioterapia, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Peru
| | - Sandra Alarcón
- Departamento de Oncología Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Arturo Zapata
- Departamento de Oncología Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Eddy Hernández
- Departamento de Oncología Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Esmeralda León
- Unidad de Oncología Pediátrica y del Adolescente, Departamento de Oncología y Radioterapia, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Perú
| | - Luis Malpica
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan Valcarcel
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Romm KF, Berg CJ. Patterns of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Problematic Health Outcomes Among US Young Adults: A Latent Class Analysis. Subst Use Addctn J 2024; 45:191-200. [PMID: 38258814 DOI: 10.1177/29767342231218081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predict problematic health outcomes (eg, substance use, mental health) among young adults; whether specific ACEs are differentially associated with specific substance use and mental health symptoms is understudied. METHODS Latent class analysis (LCA) identified classes of ACEs among 2209 US young adults (Mage = 24.69, range: 18-34; 57.4% female; 30.9% sexual minority; 35.8% racial/ethnic minority) in a 2-year study (2018-2020). Multivariable logistic regressions examined ACEs (reported in 2019) in relation to 2020 reports of current (past 30-day) substance use (ie, tobacco use; cannabis use and hazardous use; alcohol use and binge drinking) and mental health (ie, ≥moderate depression and anxiety symptoms), controlling for sociodemographics (ie, age, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, education). RESULTS Overall, 65.4% reported ≥1 ACE (M = 2.09, SD = 2.30); 34.8%, 39.1%, and 71.1% current tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol use; 39.1% and 15.3% hazardous cannabis use and binge drinking; and 24.2% and 34.5% ≥moderate depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. LCA yielded 4 classes: Low ACEs (referent; 55.6%), Poor family health and divorce (16.3%), Parental abuse (16.0%), and High ACEs (12.1%). High ACEs (vs Low ACEs) was associated with each adverse substance use and mental health outcome except alcohol use. Poor family health and divorce was associated with tobacco use, cannabis use, and both mental health outcomes. Parental abuse was associated with tobacco use, cannabis use, hazardous cannabis use, and both mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Health promotion interventions for young adults must assess ACEs, given that certain types of ACEs may be associated with distinct substance use and mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Romm
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Elkaragy ES, Shamseya MM, Metwally RH, Mansour ER, Lashen SA. Efficacy of lubiprostone for functional constipation treatment in adolescents and children: Randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:800-809. [PMID: 38314885 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adolescent and pediatric functional constipation (FC) is a common clinical problem. Currently, data on lubiprostone for the treatment of pediatric FC are scarce. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of lubiprostone in the treatment of pediatric FC. METHODS In a single-blinded, randomized controlled study, we included 280 patients aged 8-18 years with FC. Patients were randomized either to a weight-based lubiprostone dose (n = 140) or conventional laxatives (n = 140), including lactulose, bisacodyl, or sodium picosulfate, for 12 weeks, followed by 4 weeks posttreatment follow-up. RESULTS Improvement in constipation was achieved in 128 (91.4%) patients in the lubiprostone group, and in 48 (34.3%) patients of the conventional therapy group (p < 0.001) and was sustained after treatment discontinuation. One quarter of the lubiprostone group experienced the first spontaneous bowel motion within 48 h after dose initiation. A total of 75.7% of the lubiprostone group could achieve and sustain Bristol stool form of 3 or 4 during the last 4 weeks of therapy and through the 4 weeks of follow-up versus 50 (35.7%) patients in the conventional therapy group (p < 0.001). No life-threatening adverse drug reactions were encountered, and no treatment-related discontinuation. Mild self-limited colicky abdominal pain and headache were the most prevalent side effects in the lubiprostone group. CONCLUSIONS Lubiprostone is an effective and well-tolerated pharmacotherapy for youthful age and pediatric age groups, which may alter the paradigm of pediatric FC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy S Elkaragy
- Department of Pediatrics, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Shamseya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Internal Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rasha H Metwally
- Department of Pediatrics, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman R Mansour
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Lashen
- Department of Internal Medicine (Hepatology & Gastroenterology Division), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ceasar RC, Braymiller JL, Kechter A, Simpson KA, Schiff SJ, Yamaguchi N, Barrington-Trimis JL. Perceiving E-Cigarettes as Safe and Safer Alternative to Cigarettes Among Young Adults. Subst Use Addctn J 2024; 45:181-190. [PMID: 38281133 DOI: 10.1177/29767342231218533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults are using e-cigarettes at high rates. While the literature on the health risks associated with e-cigarettes is extensive and growing, little is known about young adults' thoughts and perceptions of the safety and harms of e-cigarettes. METHODS We conducted one-on-one interviews with young adults aged 18 to 25 years in Los Angeles, California between June 2018 and June 2019. We interviewed and audio-recorded young adults (N = 62) who consented to the study and self-reported to have used e-cigarettes on a weekly basis or more for at least 5 months prior to study enrollment. Interviews examined participants' thoughts, feelings, and experiences related to e-cigarette use. We audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded the interviews using grounded theory analysis methods. RESULTS Young adults often believed that e-cigarettes were safer than cigarettes and were safe to use, especially following positive vaping experiences. Young adults were skeptical of the available science on e-cigarette use and felt there was not conclusive data on the harms of e-cigarettes. In their selection of e-cigarettes over cigarettes, young adults felt they were making a conscious and healthier choice. Because young adults viewed e-cigarettes to be better for them based on their personal experiences with vaping, they felt e-cigarettes were a superior alternative to combustible tobacco. CONCLUSIONS Young adults in our study believed that the long-term health effects of e-cigarette use are not clearly understood and were generally skeptical of the research on e-cigarette harms. Policy, education, and anti-smoking campaigns need to clarify the negative health-related consequences of e-cigarette use for young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Carmen Ceasar
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L Braymiller
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Afton Kechter
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey A Simpson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Sara J Schiff
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naosuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
| | - Jessica L Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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50
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Teng Y, Xia C, Li H, Cao M, Yang F, Yan X, He S, Cao M, Zhang S, Li Q, Chen W. Cancer statistics for young adults aged 20 to 49 years in China from 2000 to 2017: a population-based registry study. Sci China Life Sci 2024; 67:711-719. [PMID: 38155276 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
An increasing cancer incidence among adults younger than 50 years has been reported for several types of cancer in multiple countries. We aimed to report cancer profiles and trends among young adults in China. Data from the China Cancer Registry Annual Report were used to estimate incidence and mortality among young adults (ages 20-49 years) in China in 2017, and an age-period-cohort model was employed to estimate the average annual percent change (AAPC) in incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2017. All 25 cancer types were grouped into obesity- or overweight-associated cancers (12 cancer types) and additional cancers (13 cancer types). In 2017, there were 681,178 new cases and 214,591 cancer deaths among young adults in China. Among young adults, the most common cancers were thyroid, breast, cervical, liver, lung, and colorectal cancer, and the leading causes of cancer deaths were liver, lung, cervical, stomach, breast, and colorectal cancer. From 2000 to 2017, the cancer incidence increased for all cancers combined among young adults, with the highest AAPC (1.46%) for adults aged 20-24 years, while cancer mortality decreased, with the highest AAPC (-1.63%) for those aged 35-39 years. In conclusion, the cancer incidence in China has increased among young adults, while cancer mortality has decreased for nearly all ages. Cancer control measures, such as obesity control and appropriate screening, may contribute to reducing the increasing cancer burden among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Teng
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Changfa Xia
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Li
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Maomao Cao
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xinxin Yan
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Siyi He
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Mengdi Cao
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shaoli Zhang
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wanqing Chen
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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