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Ramos BVR, Massini DA, Almeida TAF, Castro EA, Espada MC, Ferreira CC, Robalo RAM, Macedo AG, Pessôa Filho DM. Relationship between Femur Mineral Content and Local Muscle Strength and Mass. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:69. [PMID: 38651427 PMCID: PMC11036208 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the stimuli able to prevent early decreases in bone mineralization, exercise has a noticeable role per se as the source of mechanical stimulus or through lean tissue enlargement by its increasing of tensional stimulus. However, prevention strategies, including exercise, generally do not establish the moment in life when attention should begin to be paid to bone integrity, according to age group- and sex-related differences. Thus, this study analyzed the relationship between variables from the diagnosis of total and regional body composition, muscle strength, and bone mineral content (BMC) of femurs in young adult males. Thirty-four young Caucasian men (24.9 ± 8.6 years) had their body composition and bone density assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry. The subjects performed a one-repetition maximum test (1-RM) in a bench press, front pulley, seated-row, push press, arm curl, triceps pulley, leg flexion, leg extension, and 45° leg press for the assessment of muscle strength in upper and lower limbs in single- and multi-joint exercises. Lean tissue mass in the trunk and upper and lower limbs were related to femoral BMC (Pearson coefficient ranging from 0.55 to 0.72, p < 0.01), and 1-RM values for different exercises involving both upper and lower limbs also correlated with femoral BMC (Pearson coefficients ranging from 0.34 to 0.46, p < 0.05). Taken together, these correlations suggest that muscle mass and strength are positively linked with the magnitude of femoral mass in men, even in early adulthood. Hence, the importance of an enhanced muscle mass and strength to the health of femoral bones in young adults was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno V. R. Ramos
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (B.V.R.R.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Danilo A. Massini
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (B.V.R.R.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Tiago A. F. Almeida
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (B.V.R.R.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Eliane A. Castro
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (B.V.R.R.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Research Group (LFE—Research Group), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mário C. Espada
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal; (M.C.E.); (C.C.F.); (R.A.M.R.)
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & INnovation CenTer (SPRINT), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV-Leiria), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Cátia C. Ferreira
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal; (M.C.E.); (C.C.F.); (R.A.M.R.)
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & INnovation CenTer (SPRINT), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ricardo A. M. Robalo
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal; (M.C.E.); (C.C.F.); (R.A.M.R.)
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV-Leiria), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anderson G. Macedo
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (B.V.R.R.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
- Pos-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation, Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Dalton M. Pessôa Filho
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (B.V.R.R.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
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Espada MC, Ferreira CC, Gamonales JM, Hernández-Beltrán V, Massini DA, Macedo AG, Almeida TAF, Castro EA, Pessôa Filho DM. Body Composition Relationship to Performance, Cardiorespiratory Profile, and Tether Force in Youth Trained Swimmers. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1806. [PMID: 37763210 PMCID: PMC10532630 DOI: 10.3390/life13091806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to analyze the relationship between regional body composition, swimming performance, and aerobic and force profile determined through tethered swimming in well-trained swimmers. Eleven male and five female swimmers were involved in the study and underwent the following evaluations: (1) body composition, assessed by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method (DXA); (2) swimming performance, determined for 200, 400, 800, and 1.500 m front-crawl swimming; (3) a tethered swimming force test to determine maximum and mean force (Fmax and Fmean); and (4) an incremental tethered swimming test for the aerobic profile determination of the swimmers. Oxygen uptake (VO2) was directly measured by an automatic and portable system (K4b2 Cosmed, Italy). The fat-free mass (lean mass + bone mineral content, LM+BMC) in lower and upper limbs (UL_LM+BMC: 6.74 ± 1.57 kg and LL_LM+BMC: 20.15 ± 3.84 kg) positively correlated with all indexes of aerobic conditioning level, showing higher coefficients to the indexes representing the ability to perform at high aerobic intensities (VO2max: 49.2 ± 5.9 mL·kg-1·min-1 and respiratory compensation point (RCP): 43.8 ± 6.0 mL·kg-1·min-1), which attained 0.82 and 0.81 (with VO2max), 0.81 and 0.80 (with RCP). The S200 (1.48 ± 0.13 m·s-1) was significantly correlated to Trunk_LM+BMC (r = 0.74), UL_LM+BMC (r = 0.72), Total_LM+BMC (r = 0.71), and LL_LM+BMC (r = 0.64). This study highlights that regional body composition plays an important role in swimming, and body segment analysis should be considered instead of the total body. Tethered swimming may represent a useful method for force and aerobic assessment, aiming at training control and performance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário C. Espada
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal;
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cátia C. Ferreira
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal;
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Performance Sports (GOERD), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain; (J.M.G.); (V.H.-B.)
| | - José M. Gamonales
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Performance Sports (GOERD), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain; (J.M.G.); (V.H.-B.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Hernández-Beltrán
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Performance Sports (GOERD), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain; (J.M.G.); (V.H.-B.)
| | - Danilo A. Massini
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil; (D.A.M.); (A.G.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (D.M.P.F.)
- Postgraduate Program in Human Development and Technology, Biological Institute (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13500-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson G. Macedo
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil; (D.A.M.); (A.G.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (D.M.P.F.)
- Postgraduate Program in Human Development and Technology, Biological Institute (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13500-000, Brazil
| | - Tiago A. F. Almeida
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil; (D.A.M.); (A.G.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (D.M.P.F.)
- Postgraduate Program in Human Development and Technology, Biological Institute (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13500-000, Brazil
| | - Eliane A. Castro
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil; (D.A.M.); (A.G.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (D.M.P.F.)
- Postgraduate Program in Human Development and Technology, Biological Institute (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13500-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Research Group (LFE—Research Group), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dalton M. Pessôa Filho
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil; (D.A.M.); (A.G.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.); (D.M.P.F.)
- Postgraduate Program in Human Development and Technology, Biological Institute (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13500-000, Brazil
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Almeida TAF, Espada MC, Massini DA, Macedo AG, Castro EA, Ferreira CC, Reis JF, Pessôa Filho DM. Stroke and physiological relationships during the incremental front crawl test: outcomes for planning and pacing aerobic training. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1241948. [PMID: 37645566 PMCID: PMC10460968 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1241948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the physiological responses associated with the stroke length (SL) and stroke rate (SR) changes as swimming velocity increases during an incremental step-test. Moreover, this study also aimed to verify if SL and SR relationships toward maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), gas respiratory compensation point (RCP), exchange threshold (GET), and swimming cost can be applied to the management of endurance training and control aerobic pace. Methods: A total of 19 swimmers performed the incremental test until volitional exhaustion, with each stage being designed by percentages of the 400 m (%v400) maximal front crawl velocity. V̇O2max, GET, RCP, and the respective swimming velocities (v) were examined. Also, the stroke parameters, SL, SR, the corresponding slopes (SLslope and SRslope), and the crossing point (Cp) between them were determined. Results: GET and RCP corresponded to 70.6% and 82.4% of V̇O2max (4185.3 ± 686.1 mL min-1), and V̇O2 at Cp, SLslope, and SRslope were observed at 129.7%, 75.3%, and 61.7% of V̇O2max, respectively. The swimming cost from the expected V̇O2 at vSLslope (0.85 ± 0.18 kJ m-1), vSRslope (0.77 ± 0.17 kJ m-1), and vCp (1.09 ± 0.19 kJ m-1) showed correlations with GET (r = 0.73, 0.57, and 0.59, respectively), but only the cost at vSLslope and vCp correlated to RCP (0.62 and 0.69) and V̇O2max (0.70 and 0.79). Conclusion: SL and SR exhibited a distinctive pattern for the V̇O2 response as swimming velocity increased. Furthermore, the influence of SL on GET, RCP, and V̇O2max suggests that SLslope serves as the metabolic reference of heavy exercise intensity, beyond which the stroke profile defines an exercise zone with high cost, which is recommended for an anaerobic threshold and aerobic power training. In turn, the observed difference between V̇O2 at SRslope and GET suggests that the range of velocities between SL and SR slopes ensures an economical pace, which might be recommended to develop long-term endurance. The results also highlighted that the swimming intensity paced at Cp would impose a high anaerobic demand, as it is located above the maximal aerobic velocity. Therefore, SLslope and SRslope are suitable indexes of submaximal to maximal aerobic paces, while Cp's meaning still requires further evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago A. F. Almeida
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário C. Espada
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (LQRC—CIEQV, Leiria), Complexo Andaluz, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Danilo A. Massini
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Anderson G. Macedo
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Eliane A. Castro
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Cátia C. Ferreira
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, Setúbal, Portugal
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sport Performance (GOERD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Joana F. Reis
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dalton M. Pessôa Filho
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
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Oliveira TP, Espada MC, Massini DA, Robalo RAM, Almeida TAF, Hernández-Beltrán V, Gamonales JM, Castro EA, Pessôa Filho DM. Effects of Exercise and Sports Intervention and the Involvement Level on the Mineral Health of Different Bone Sites in the Leg, Hip, and Spine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6537. [PMID: 37569078 PMCID: PMC10419061 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study analysed whether the osteogenic stimuli of exercises and sports have an independent effect on bone mineral density (BMD). Studies with a design having two different cohorts were searched and selected to distinguish the effect due to long-term involvement (i.e., athletes vs. non-active young with good bone health) and due to the planning of intervention (i.e., pre- vs. post-training) with exercises and sports. Moreover, only studies investigating the bone sites with a body-weight support function (i.e., lower limb, hip, and spine regions) were reviewed, since the osteogenic effects have incongruous results. A meta-analysis was performed following the recommendations of PRISMA. Heterogeneity (I2) was determined by combining Cochran's Q test with the Higgins test, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The studies reporting the effect of involvement in exercise and sports showed high heterogeneity for the lower limb, total hip, and spine (I2 = 90.200%, 93.334%, and 95.168%, respectively, with p < 0.01) and the effect size on sports modalities (Hedge's g = 1.529, 1.652, and 0.417, respectively, with p < 0.05) ranging from moderate to high. In turn, the studies reporting the effect of the intervention planning showed that there was no heterogeneity for the lower limb (I2 = 0.000%, p = 0.999) and spine (I2 = 77.863%, p = 0.000); however, for the hip, it was moderate (I2 = 49.432%, p = 0.054), with a low effect between the pre- and post-training moments presented only for the hip and spine (Hedge's g = 0.313 and 0.353, respectively, with p < 0.05). The current analysis supported the effect of involvement in exercise and sports by evidencing the effect of either weight-bearing or non-weight-bearing movements on BMD at the femoral, pelvic, and lumbar bones sites of the athletes when comparing to non-athletes or non-active peers with healthy bones. Moreover, the effect of different exercise and sports interventions highlighted the alterations in the BMD in the spine bone sites, mainly with long-term protocols (~12 months) planned with a stimulus with high muscle tension. Therefore, exercise and sport (mainly systematic long-term practice) have the potential to increase the BMD of bones with body-weight support beyond the healthy values reached during life phases of youth and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P. Oliveira
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (T.P.O.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.)
| | - Mário C. Espada
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal; (M.C.E.); (R.A.M.R.)
- Life Quality Research Centre (LQRC-CIEQV, Leiria), Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Danilo A. Massini
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (T.P.O.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. M. Robalo
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal; (M.C.E.); (R.A.M.R.)
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago A. F. Almeida
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (T.P.O.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Víctor Hernández-Beltrán
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Performance Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain; (V.H.-B.); (J.M.G.)
| | - José M. Gamonales
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Performance Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain; (V.H.-B.); (J.M.G.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliane A. Castro
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (T.P.O.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.)
- LFE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dalton M. Pessôa Filho
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (T.P.O.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
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Massini DA, Espada MC, Macedo AG, Santos FJ, Castro EA, Ferreira CC, Robalo RAM, Dias AAP, Almeida TAF, Pessôa Filho DM. Oxygen Uptake Kinetics and Time Limit at Maximal Aerobic Workload in Tethered Swimming. Metabolites 2023; 13:773. [PMID: 37512480 PMCID: PMC10385165 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to apply an incremental tethered swimming test (ITT) with workloads (WL) based on individual rates of front crawl mean tethered force (Fmean) for the identification of the upper boundary of heavy exercise (by means of respiratory compensation point, RCP), and therefore to describe oxygen uptake kinetics (VO2k) and time limit (tLim) responses to WL corresponding to peak oxygen uptake (WLVO2peak). Sixteen swimmers of both sexes (17.6 ± 3.8 years old, 175.8 ± 9.2 cm, and 68.5 ± 10.6 kg) performed the ITT until exhaustion, attached to a weight-bearing pulley-rope system for the measurements of gas exchange threshold (GET), RCP, and VO2peak. The WL was increased by 5% from 30 to 70% of Fmean at every minute, with Fmean being measured by a load cell attached to the swimmers during an all-out 30 s front crawl bout. The pulmonary gas exchange was sampled breath by breath, and the mathematical description of VO2k used a first-order exponential with time delay (TD) on the average of two rest-to-work transitions at WLVO2peak. The mean VO2peak approached 50.2 ± 6.2 mL·kg-1·min-1 and GET and RCP attained (respectively) 67.4 ± 7.3% and 87.4 ± 3.4% VO2peak. The average tLim was 329.5 ± 63.6 s for both sexes, and all swimmers attained VO2peak (100.4 ± 3.8%) when considering the primary response of VO2 (A1' = 91.8 ± 6.7%VO2peak) associated with the VO2 slow component (SC) of 10.7 ± 6.7% of end-exercise VO2, with time constants of 24.4 ± 9.8 s for A1' and 149.3 ± 29.1 s for SC. Negative correlations were observed for tLim to VO2peak, WLVO2peak, GET, RCP, and EEVO2 (r = -0.55, -0.59, -0.58, -0.53, and -0.50). Thus, the VO2k during tethered swimming at WLVO2peak reproduced the physiological responses corresponding to a severe domain. The findings also demonstrated that tLim was inversely related to aerobic conditioning indexes and to the ability to adjust oxidative metabolism to match target VO2 demand during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo A Massini
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, Institute of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus at Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, School of Sciences (FC), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus at Bauru, São Paulo 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Mário C Espada
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (LQRC-CIEQV, Leiria), Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Anderson G Macedo
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, Institute of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus at Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, School of Sciences (FC), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus at Bauru, São Paulo 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Fernando J Santos
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (LQRC-CIEQV, Leiria), Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Eliane A Castro
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, Institute of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus at Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, School of Sciences (FC), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus at Bauru, São Paulo 17033-360, Brazil
- LFE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cátia C Ferreira
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sport Performance (GOERD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Ricardo A M Robalo
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Amândio A P Dias
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Tiago A F Almeida
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, Institute of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus at Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, School of Sciences (FC), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus at Bauru, São Paulo 17033-360, Brazil
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Dalton M Pessôa Filho
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, Institute of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus at Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, School of Sciences (FC), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus at Bauru, São Paulo 17033-360, Brazil
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Benito PJ, Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Rael B, Castro EA, Romero-Parra N, Rojo-Tirado MA, Peinado AB. Effect of Menstrual Cycle Phase on the Recovery Process of High-Intensity Interval Exercise-A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3266. [PMID: 36833959 PMCID: PMC9959793 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the study of the menstrual cycle influence on endurance exercise has recently increased, there is a lack of literature studying its influence on females' cardiorespiratory recovery. Thus, the aim of the present work was to assess menstrual cycle influence on post-exercise recovery following a high intensity interval exercise in trained females. Thirteen eumenorrheic endurance-trained females performed an interval running protocol in three menstrual cycle phases: early follicular phase (EFP), late follicular phase (LFP), and mid-luteal phase (MLP). The protocol consisted of 8 × 3-min bouts at 85% of their maximal aerobic speed (vVO2peak) with a 90-s rest between bouts and a final 5-min active recovery at 30% vVO2peak. All variables were averaged every 15 s, obtaining 19 moments during recovery (time factor). To analyze the effects of the menstrual cycle on the final active cardiorespiratory recovery, an ANOVA for repeated measures was performed. ANOVA showed an effect on menstrual cycle phase on ventilation (EFP: 1.27 ± 0.35; LFP: 1.19 ± 0.36; MLP: 1.27 ± 0.37), breathing frequency (EFP: 35.14 ± 7.14; LFP: 36.32 ± 7.11; MLP: 37.62 ± 7.23), and carbon dioxide production (EFP: 1120.46 ± 137.62; LFP: 1079.50 ± 129.57; MLP: 1148.78 ± 107.91). Regarding the interaction results (phase x time), ventilation is higher at many of the recovery times during the MLP, with less frequent differences between EFP and LFP (F = 1.586; p = 0.019), while breathing reserve is lower at many of the recovery times during MLP, with less time differences between EFP and LFP (F = 1.643; p = 0.013). It seems that the menstrual cycle affects post-exercise recovery specially during the MLP, rising ventilation and lowering breathing reserve, giving rise to an impaired ventilatory efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Alfaro-Magallanes
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rael
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliane A. Castro
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Nuria Romero-Parra
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Rehabilitación y Medicina Física, Facultad de CC. de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. Peinado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Massini DA, de Souza Martins ND, de Oliveira TP, Macedo AG, Castro EA, Almeida TAF, Santos FJ, Espada MC, Pessôa Filho DM. The effect of the exercise environment and the level of involvement on bone mineral health. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:113-123. [PMID: 36422677 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to compare athletes practicing exercise in different environments with non-active young and elderly men and women regarding bone mineral density (BMD), hypothesizing that BMD values differ between athletes according to the environment of exercise practice, but those training in a low-gravitational environment have no different stimuli to BMD increasing if compared with healthy peers experiencing reduced exercise involvement, whatever the age group and sex. MATERIALS AND METHODS 104 participants of both sexes were selected according to the environment of exercise practice [swimmers (N = 26) and judo fighters (N = 26)], and exercise level of involvement [non-active young (N = 26) and older adults (N = 26)]. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry provided BMD, lean mass, and fat mass (FM) for the whole body (WB), upper (UL), and lower limbs (LL). RESULTS For the BMD in WB, UL and LL no effects of group and sex were observed (p > 0.05). Post-hoc analyses detected higher values of BMD in UL for female swimmers compared to non-active older adults (p < 0.05), while judo fighters showed higher BMD in WB, UL, and LL than other participants whatever the sex (p < 0.01). Lower FM was observed for WB, UL, and LL when swimmers and judo fighters were compared to non-active young and older female peers (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The findings emphasized that BMD stimuli with swimming are reduced when compared to judo, and despite the stimuli in swimming is not distinguishable from that affecting BMD in WB, UL and LL of non-active young, it is effective in differing BMD in UL among non-active older for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo A Massini
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Nilson D de Souza Martins
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
- University Centre of São Paulo State, UNICEP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13500-200, Brazil
| | - Thiago P de Oliveira
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson G Macedo
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Eliane A Castro
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, 17033-360, Brazil
- LFE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiago A F Almeida
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Fernando J Santos
- School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, 2914-504, Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Mário C Espada
- School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, 2914-504, Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Dalton M Pessôa Filho
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil.
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, 17033-360, Brazil.
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Castro EA, Rael B, Romero-Parra N, Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Rojo-Tirado MA, García-de-Alcaraz A, Cupeiro R, Peinado AB. Influence of oral contraceptive phase on cardiorespiratory response to exercise in endurance-trained athletes. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2022; 27:308-316. [PMID: 35040731 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2021.2021176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to analyse the cardiorespiratory response to exercise during an oral contraceptive (OC) cycle in endurance-trained women. METHODS Sixteen low-dose monophasic OC pill (OCP) users performed an interval-running protocol. The protocol consisted of eight 3 min bouts at 85% of participants' maximal aerobic speed (vV̇o2peak) with a 90s recovery at 30% vV̇o2peak in two OC phases: a withdrawal phase (WP) and an active pill phase (APP). The non-parametric Wilcoxon test was applied to analyse differences (p < 0.05) in performance variables between OC cycle phases. RESULTS Throughout the high-intensity intervals, higher ventilation (WP 80.90 ± 11.49 L/min, APP 83.10 ± 13.33 L/min; p < 0.001) and relative perceived exertion (WP 14.51 ± 2.58, APP 15.11 ± 3.11; p = 0.001) during the APP were found, whereas carbon dioxide production (WP 2040.92 ± 262.93 mL/min, APP 2010.25 ± 305.68 mL/min; p = 0.003) was higher in the WP. During the active recovery intervals, ventilation (WP 65.78 ± 9.90 L/min, APP 67.88 ± 12.66 L/min; p < 0.001) was higher in the APP, while heart rate (WP 159.93 ± 10.26 bpm, APP 159.74 ± 12.83 bpm; p = 0.029) was higher in the WP. CONCLUSION An increase in ventilation occurs during the APP, which is accompanied by higher perceived exertion. Therefore, coaches and athletes should be aware of these variations, especially perceived exertion, in regard to women's training programmes, in order to improve their performance, wellness and adherence to physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane A Castro
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Beatriz Rael
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Romero-Parra
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor M Alfaro-Magallanes
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rojo-Tirado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio García-de-Alcaraz
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Educational Sciences, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Peinado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Peinado AB, Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Romero-Parra N, Barba-Moreno L, Rael B, Maestre-Cascales C, Rojo-Tirado MA, Castro EA, Benito PJ, Ortega-Santos CP, Santiago E, Butragueño J, García-de-Alcaraz A, Rojo JJ, Calderón FJ, García-Bataller A, Cupeiro R. Methodological Approach of the Iron and Muscular Damage: Female Metabolism and Menstrual Cycle during Exercise Project (IronFEMME Study). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18020735. [PMID: 33561085 PMCID: PMC7831010 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Background: The increase in exercise levels in the last few years among professional and recreational female athletes has led to an increased scientific interest about sports health and performance in the female athlete population. The purpose of the IronFEMME Study described in this protocol article is to determine the influence of different hormonal profiles on iron metabolism in response to endurance exercise, and the main markers of muscle damage in response to resistance exercise; both in eumenorrheic, oral contraceptive (OC) users and postmenopausal well-trained women. Methods: This project is an observational controlled randomized counterbalanced study. One hundered and four (104) active and healthy women were selected to participate in the IronFEMME Study, 57 of which were eumenorrheic, 31 OC users and 16 postmenopausal. The project consisted of two sections carried out at the same time: iron metabolism (study I) and muscle damage (study II). For the study I, the exercise protocol consisted of an interval running test (eight bouts of 3 min at 85% of the maximal aerobic speed), whereas the study II protocol was an eccentric-based resistance exercise protocol (10 sets of 10 repetitions of plate-loaded barbell parallel back squats at 60% of their one repetition maximum (1RM) with 2 min of recovery between sets). In both studies, eumenorrheic participants were evaluated at three specific moments of the menstrual cycle: early-follicular phase, late-follicular phase and mid-luteal phase; OC users performed the trial at two moments: withdrawal phase and active pill phase. Lastly, postmenopausal women were only tested once, since their hormonal status does not fluctuate. The three-step method was used to verify the menstrual cycle phase: calendar counting, blood test confirmation, and urine-based ovulation kits. Blood samples were obtained to measure sex hormones, iron metabolism parameters, and muscle damage related markers. Discussion: IronFEMME Study has been designed to increase the knowledge regarding the influence of sex hormones on some aspects of the exercise-related female physiology. Iron metabolism and exercise-induced muscle damage will be studied considering the different reproductive status present throughout well-trained females’ lifespan. Trial registration The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04458662 on 2 July 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Peinado
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Victor M. Alfaro-Magallanes
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Romero-Parra
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Barba-Moreno
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rael
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Maestre-Cascales
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliane A. Castro
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, 2850 Concepción, Chile
| | - Pedro J. Benito
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Butragueño
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Antonio García-de-Alcaraz
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Jesús J. Rojo
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Calderón
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Bataller
- Department of Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Rael B, Barba-Moreno L, Romero-Parra N, Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Castro EA, Cupeiro R, Peinado AB. Cardiorespiratory response to exercise in endurance-trained premenopausal and postmenopausal females. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:903-913. [PMID: 33389018 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the influence of different hormonal profiles on the cardiorespiratory response to exercise in endurance-trained females. METHODS Forty-seven eumenorrheic females, 38 low-dose monophasic oral contraceptive (OC) users and 13 postmenopausal women, all of them endurance-trained, participated in this study. A DXA scan, blood sample tests and a maximal aerobic test were performed under similar low-sex hormone levels: early follicular phase for the eumenorrheic females; withdrawal phase for the OC group and at any time for postmenopausal women. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured at resting and throughout the maximal aerobic test (ventilatory threshold 1, 2 and peak values). Heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored with a 12-lead ECG. Blood pressure (BP) was measured with an auscultatory method and a calibrated mercury sphygmomanometer. Expired gases were measured breath-by-breath with the gas analyser Jaeger Oxycon Pro. RESULTS One-way ANCOVA reported a lower peak HR in postmenopausal women (172.4 ± 11.7 bpm) than in eumenorrheic females (180.9 ± 10.6 bpm) (p = 0.024). In addition, postmenopausal women exhibited lower VO2 (39.1 ± 4.9 ml/kg/min) compared to eumenorrheic females (45.1 ± 4.4 ml/kg/min) in ventilatory threshold 2 (p = 0.009). Nonetheless, respiratory variables did not show differences between groups at peak values. Finally, no differences between OC users and eumenorrheic females' cardiorespiratory response were observed in endurance-trained females. CONCLUSIONS Cardiorespiratory system is impaired in postmenopausal women due to physiological changes caused by age and sex hormones' decrement. Although these alterations appear not to be fully compensated by exercise, endurance training could effectively mitigate them. In addition, monophasic OC pills appear not to impact cardiorespiratory response to an incremental running test in endurance-trained females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rael
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Martín Fierro, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Barba-Moreno
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Martín Fierro, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nuria Romero-Parra
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Martín Fierro, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor M Alfaro-Magallanes
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Martín Fierro, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliane A Castro
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Martín Fierro, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de La Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Martín Fierro, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Peinado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Martín Fierro, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Romero-Parra N, Cupeiro R, Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Rael B, Barba-Moreno L, Maestre-Cascales C, Castro EA, Peinado AB. Menstrual Cycle And Menopause Influence On Creatine Kinase Response After Exercise-induced Muscle Damage. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000675528.38414.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Castro EA, Carraça EV, Cupeiro R, López-Plaza B, Teixeira PJ, González-Lamuño D, Peinado AB. The Effects of the Type of Exercise and Physical Activity on Eating Behavior and Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Subjects. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020557. [PMID: 32093339 PMCID: PMC7071486 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether a type of exercise favors better compliance with a prescribed diet, higher eating-related motivation, healthier diet composition or greater changes in body composition in overweight and obese subjects. One hundred and sixty-two (males n = 79), aged 18-50 years, were randomized into four intervention groups during 24 weeks: strength, endurance, combined strength + endurance and guideline-based physical activity; all in combination with a 25-30% caloric restriction diet. A food frequency questionnaire and a "3-day food and drink record" were applied pre- and post-intervention. Diet and exercise-related motivation levels were evaluated with a questionnaire developed for this study. Body composition was assessed by DXA and habitual physical activity was measured by accelerometry. Body weight, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage decreased and lean body mass increased after the intervention, without differences by groups. No interactions were observed between intervention groups and time; all showing a decreased in energy intake (p < 0.001). Carbohydrate and protein intakes increased, and fat intake decreased from pre- to post-intervention without significant interactions with intervention groups, BMI category or gender (p < 0.001). Diet-related motivation showed a tendency to increase from pre- to post-intervention (70.0 ± 0.5 vs 71.0 ± 0.6, p = 0.053), without significant interactions with intervention groups, BMI or gender. Regarding motivation for exercise, gender x time interactions were observed (F(1,146) = 7.452, p = 0.007): Women increased their motivation after the intervention (pre: 17.6 ± 0.3, post: 18.2 ± 0.3), while men maintained it. These findings suggest that there are no substantial effects of exercise type on energy intake, macronutrient selection or body composition changes. After a six-month weight loss program, individuals did not reduce their motivation related to diet or exercise, especially women. Individuals who initiate a long-term exercise program do not increase their energy intake in a compensatory fashion, if diet advices are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane A. Castro
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile;
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Eliana V. Carraça
- Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-688 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.V.C.); (P.J.T.)
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Bricia López-Plaza
- Nutrition Department, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Pedro J. Teixeira
- Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-688 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.V.C.); (P.J.T.)
| | - Domingo González-Lamuño
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cantabria-University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-942-202604
| | - Ana B. Peinado
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
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Benito PJ, Castro EA, Santos DD, Cupeiro R, Peinado AB. Association Between Body Composition and Physical Activity Behaviors. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536387.29576.4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aranda JF, Bacelo DE, Leguizamón Aparicio MS, Ocsachoque MA, Castro EA, Duchowicz PR. Predicting the bioconcentration factor through a conformation-independent QSPR study. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2017; 28:749-763. [PMID: 28965425 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2017.1377765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ANTARES dataset is a large collection of known and verified experimental bioconcentration factor data, involving 851 highly heterogeneous compounds from which 159 are pesticides. The BCF ANTARES data were used to derive a conformation-independent QSPR model. A large set of 27,017 molecular descriptors was explored, with the main intention of capturing the most relevant structural characteristics affecting the studied property. The structural descriptors were derived with different freeware tools, such as PaDEL, Epi Suite, CORAL, Mold2, RECON, and QuBiLs-MAS, and so it was interesting to find out the way that the different descriptor tools complemented each other in order to improve the statistical quality of the established QSPR. The best multivariable linear regression models were found with the Replacement Method variable sub-set selection technique. The proposed QSPR model improves previous reported models of the bioconcentration factor in the present dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Aranda
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, UNLP , La Plata , Argentina
| | - D E Bacelo
- b Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Belgrano , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - M S Leguizamón Aparicio
- c Departamento de Química. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (UNLP) , Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr Jorge J. Ronco" , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - M A Ocsachoque
- c Departamento de Química. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (UNLP) , Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr Jorge J. Ronco" , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - E A Castro
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, UNLP , La Plata , Argentina
| | - P R Duchowicz
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, UNLP , La Plata , Argentina
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Castro EA, Júdice PB, Silva AM, Teixeira PJ, Benito PJ. Sedentary behavior and compensatory mechanisms in response to different doses of exercise-a randomized controlled trial in overweight and obese adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:1393-1398. [PMID: 28561039 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To examine compensatory changes in sedentary behavior (SB) and light-intensity physical activities (LIPA) in response to a 22-week exercise training program in overweight/obese adults; and to determine if different forms of exercise training and physical activity recommendations interact with these compensatory changes. SUBJECTS/METHODS Eighty-nine overweight and obese individuals (body mass index (BMI): 25-34.9 kg/m2, 48% males), aged 18-50 years, were randomized into four intervention groups (strength, endurance, combined strength + endurance and physical activity recommendations) with a 25-30% caloric restriction of total daily energy expenditure for 22 weeks. Energy expenditure was measured by accelerometry before, during and after the program. RESULTS LIPA increased significantly (P<0.001) after three months and at the end of intervention compared to baseline (pre: 281±9 min; 3 months: 303±9 min; post: 312±8 min). SB percentage decreased by 5.3 at the end of the intervention (P=0.002). No interactions were observed between groups or sexes. Significant correlations were found between SB and body weight, fat mass, android fat mass and lean body mass before and after the intervention (P<0.05). LIPA was also significantly correlated with all these body composition variables in the pre-intervention, but only correlated with body weight at the end of intervention. CONCLUSIONS There were no compensatory changes after a combined exercise and diet program; where minutes in LIPA increased and %SB decreased after the program, without differences among exercise modes. Greater physical activity levels can contribute to a better percentage and distribution of body tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Castro
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P B Júdice
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P J Teixeira
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Chitolina RF, Anjos FA, Lima TS, Castro EA, Costa-Ribeiro MCV. Raw sewage as breeding site to Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Diptera, culicidae). Acta Trop 2016; 164:290-296. [PMID: 27640323 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The selection of oviposition sites by females of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti is a key factor for the larval survival and egg dispersion and has a direct influence in vector control programs. In this study, we evaluated the aspects of reproductive physiology of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes tested in the presence of raw sewage. Ae. aegypti females were used in oviposition bioassays according to two methodologies: (i) choice assay, in which three oviposition substrates were offered in the same cage: treatment (raw sewage), positive control (distilled water) and negative control (1% sodium hypochlorite) and; (ii) no choice assay, in which only one substrate was available. The physicochemical and microbiological analysis of the raw sewage used in this study indicated virtually no levels of chlorine, low levels of dissolved oxygen and high levels of nitrogenous compounds as well as the presence of Escherichia coli and total fecal coliforms. After 72h of oviposition, the eggs were counted and there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in the oviposition rate between raw sewage and positive control in both methodologies. In addition, females were dissected to evaluate egg-retention and also there were no appreciable differences in egg retention even when raw sewage was the only substrate offered. The data also showed that egg hatching and larvae development occurred normally in the raw sewage. Therefore, the present study suggests that Ae. aegypti can adapt to new sites and lay eggs in polluted water, such as the raw sewage. These findings are of particular importance for the control and surveillance programs against Ae. aegypti in countries where the conditions of poor infrastructure and lack of basic sanitation are still an issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Chitolina
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
| | - F A Anjos
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
| | - T S Lima
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
| | - E A Castro
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
| | - M C V Costa-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil.
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17
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Bucknum MJ, Castro EA. The Carbon Allotrope Hexagonite and Its Potential Synthesis from Cold Compression of Carbon Nanotubes. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 2:775-81. [PMID: 26626682 DOI: 10.1021/ct060003n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In a previous report, the approximate crystalline structure and electronic structure of a novel, hypothetical hexagonal carbon allotrope has been disclosed. Employing the approximate extended Hückel method, this C structure was determined to be a semiconducting structure. In contrast, a state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) optimization reveals the hexagonal structure to be metallic in band profile. It is built upon a bicyclo[2.2.2]-2,5,7-octatriene (barrelene) generating fragment molecule and is a Catalan network, with the Wells point symbol (6(6))2(6(3))3 and the corresponding Schläfli symbol (6, 3.4). As the network is entirely composed of hexagons and, in addition, possesses hexagonal symmetry, lying in space group P6/mmm (space group #191), it has been given the name hexagonite. The present report describes a density functional theory (DFT) optimization of the lattice parameters of the parent hexagonite structure, with the result giving the optimized lattice parameters of a = 0.477 nm and c = 0.412 nm. A calculation is then reported of a simple diffraction pattern of hexagonite from these optimized lattice parameters, with Bragg spacings enumerated for the lattice out to fourth order. Results of a synchrotron diffraction study of carbon nanotubes which underwent cold compression in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) to 100 GPa, in which the carbon nanotubes have evidently collapsed into a hitherto unknown hexagonal C polymorph, are then compared to the calculated diffraction pattern for the DFT optimized hexagonite structure. It is seen that a close fit is obtained to the experimental data, with a standard deviation over the 5 matched reflections being given by σx = 0.003107 nm/reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bucknum
- INIFTA, Theoretical Chemistry Division, Suc. 4, C.C. 16, Universidad de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E A Castro
- INIFTA, Theoretical Chemistry Division, Suc. 4, C.C. 16, Universidad de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Benito PJ, Bermejo LM, Peinado AB, López-Plaza B, Cupeiro R, Szendrei B, Calderón FJ, Castro EA, Gómez-Candela C. Change in weight and body composition in obese subjects following a hypocaloric diet plus different training programs or physical activity recommendations. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:1006-13. [PMID: 25722378 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00928.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of different physical activity programs, in combination with a hypocaloric diet, on anthropometric variables and body composition in obese subjects. Ninety-six obese (men: n = 48; women: n = 48; age range: 18-50 yr) participated in a supervised 22-wk program. They were randomized into four groups: strength training (S; n = 24), endurance training (E; n = 26), combined strength + endurance training (SE; n = 24), and physical activity recommendations (C; n = 22). In addition, all groups followed the same hypocaloric diet. At baseline and at the end of the intervention, dietetic and physical activity variables were assessed using validated questionnaires. Anthropometric variables were recorded along with body composition variables measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry techniques. At the end of the intervention, significant improvements were seen within groups in terms of body weight (S: -9.21 ± 0.83 kg; E: -10.55 ± 0.80 kg; SE: -9.88 ± 0.85 kg; C: -8.69 ± 0.89 kg), and total fat mass (S: -5.24 ± 0.55%; E: -5.35 ± 0.55%; SE: -4.85 ± 0.56%; C: -4.89 ± 0.59%). No differences were seen between groups at this time in terms of any other anthropometric or body composition variables examined. All groups increased their total physical activity in metabolic equivalents (MET) per week during the intervention, but with no difference between groups (S: 976 ± 367 MET-min/wk; E: 954 ± 355 MET-min/wk; SE: 1 329 ± 345 MET-min/wk; C: 763 ± 410 MET-min/wk). This study shows that, when combined with a hypocaloric diet, exercise training and adherence to physical activity recommendations are equally effective at reducing body weight and modifying body composition in the treatment of obesity (Clinical Trials Gov. number: NCT01116856).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Benito
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Esfuerzo Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M Bermejo
- Department of Nutrition, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Ana B Peinado
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Esfuerzo Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Bricia López-Plaza
- Department of Nutrition, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Esfuerzo Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Barbara Szendrei
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Esfuerzo Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Calderón
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Esfuerzo Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliane A Castro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Esfuerzo Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez-Candela
- Department of Nutrition, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and
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Amaral JF, Alvim FC, Castro EA, Doimo LA, Silva MV, Novo Júnior JM. Influence of aging on isometric muscle strength, fat-free mass and electromyographic signal power of the upper and lower limbs in women. Braz J Phys Ther 2014; 18:183-90. [PMID: 24676705 PMCID: PMC4183246 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-35552012005000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is a multifactorial process that leads to changes in the quantity and
quality of skeletal muscle and contributes to decreased levels of muscle
strength. Objective This study sought to investigate whether the isometric muscle strength,
fat-free mass (FFM) and power of the electromyographic (EMG) signal of the
upper and lower limbs of women are similarly affected by aging. Method The sample consisted of 63 women, who were subdivided into three groups
(young (YO) n=33, 24.7±3.5 years; middle age (MA) n=15, 58.6±4.2 years; and
older adults (OA). n=15, 72.0±4.2 years). Isometric strength was recorded
simultaneously with the capture of the electrical activity of the flexor
muscles of the fingers and the vastus lateralis during handgrip and knee
extension tests, respectively. FFM was assessed using dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry. Results The handgrip strength measurements were similar among groups (p=0.523),
whereas the FFM of the upper limbs was lower in group OA compared to group
YO (p=0.108). The RMSn values of the hand flexors were similar among groups
(p=0.754). However, the strength of the knee extensors, the FFM of the lower
limbs and the RMSn values of the vastus lateralis were lower in groups MA
(p=0.014, p=0.006 and p=0.013, respectively) and OA (p=0.000, p=0.000 and
p<0.000, respectively) compared to group YO. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that changes in isometric muscle
strength in MLG and electromyographic activity of the lower limbs are more
pronounced with the aging process of the upper limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josária F Amaral
- School of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Alvim
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliane A Castro
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonice A Doimo
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Silva
- School of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - José M Novo Júnior
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Talevi A, Bellera CL, Di Ianni M, Gantner M, Bruno-Blanch LE, Castro EA. CNS drug development - lost in translation? Mini Rev Med Chem 2013; 12:959-70. [PMID: 22420574 DOI: 10.2174/138955712802762356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CNS drug development is characterized by an especially high attrition rate, despite clear unmet medical needs in the field of neuro-pharmacology and significant investment in R of novel CNS drug treatments. Here, we overview the issues underlying the intrinsic difficulty of CNS drugs development, including obstacles of pharmacokinetic nature and lack of predictivity of preclinical tests. We highlight current efforts to overcome these limitations, with an emphasis on modeling opportunities towards early recognition of CNS candidates (stressing the possibilities of multi-target directed ligands or "magic shotguns") and different approaches to improve CNS bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Talevi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Romero JM, Jorge NL, Gómez-Vara ME, Jubert AH, Castro EA. Spectroscopic study of the dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetroxane (cyclohexanone diperoxide). Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2008; 70:775-779. [PMID: 17981081 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to present results derived from experimental IR and UV spectra and theoretical studies of DPCH, in order to get a more deeper insight on the physicochemical properties of this compound to gain a more deep knowledge of its action, helping in the design of new compounds with antimalaric effects. Experimental results are analyzed on the basis of theoretical calculations, which allow to derive suitable interpretations of spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Romero
- Area Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, UNNE, Campus Universitario, Av. Libertad 5400, (3400) Corrientes, Argentina
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Sancho MI, Jubert AH, Blanco SE, Ferretti FH, Castro EA. Determination of dissociation constants of p-hydroxybenzophenone in aqueous organic mixtures – Solvent effects. CAN J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1139/v08-040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The apparent acidity constant of p-hydroxybenzophenone, which is a practically insoluble drug in water but of great pharmaceutical interest, was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in organic solvent – water mixtures (acetonitrile–water, ethanol–water, and methanol–water), varying the reaction medium permittivity in the interval 56 to 70, at constant ionic strength (0.050) and temperature (30 °C). A combined glass electrode calibrated with aqueous standard buffers was used to obtain pH readings based on the concentration scale (swpH). The pKa values from chromatographic data were obtained using the Hardcastle–Jano equation. Moreover, excellent linear relationships between the pKa values and solvation properties of the reaction medium (relative permittivity and Acity) were used to derive acid dissociation constants in aqueous solution. It has been concluded that the pKa values extrapolated from such solvent–water mixtures are consistent with each other and with previously reported measurements. In addition, the molecular structures of all the chemical species involved in the acid–base dissociation equilibrium studied were calculated with a B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) method that makes use of the polarizable continuum model (PCM). Taking into account the theoretical pKa values, the conclusions obtained match our experimental determinations.Key words: solvent effects, p-hydroxybenzophenone, acidity constant, solvation parameters, structure, DFT calculation.
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Sancho MI, Jubert AH, Blanco SE, Ferretti FH, Castro EA. Effects of the solvent and temperature on the 2:1 catechol-Al(III)-complex. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2007; 68:387-93. [PMID: 17331797 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The influence of temperature and solvent effects on the stability of the complex formed by two molecules of 1,2-dihydroxybenzene and one molecule of AlCl3 were experimentally and theoretically studied, by means of UV spectroscopic methods and Density Functional Theory methods. The changes of the stability constant with the temperature were analyzed using the van't Hoff equation, while the variations with the permittivity of the reaction medium were explained with an equation proposed by us. The experimental and theoretical data obtained allowed proving that the increase in the hydrogen-bond donor ability of the solvents favors a higher thermodynamic stability of the reactants with respect to the complex and, therefore a decrease in the corresponding stability constant. The non-planar structure proposed for the 2:1 ligand-metal complex is coherent with the small batochromic shift experimentally observed. In the complex molecule, the planes containing the phenyl rings are tilted by approximately 89 degrees with each other. It was concluded that the complexation reaction is an endothermic process in which the solvent-solute interactions play an essential role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Sancho
- Area de Química-Física, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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Ayala DA, Romero JM, Jorge NL, Gómez-Vara ME, Jubert AH, Castro EA. Experimental preparation and UV/IR spectroscopic characterization of 1,3-dibutanal-1,2,4,5-tetroxane. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2006; 64:717-21. [PMID: 16442838 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Accepted: 06/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental preparation of the 1,3-butanal-1,2,4,5-tetroxane by oxidation of glutataldehyde with oxygen peroxide in presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, following the Bayer and Viller method modified by Jorge et al. The UV and IR spectra are studied from the experimental and theoretical standpoint. A rather complete vibrational assignment was performed and the nature of the electronic transitions was discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Ayala
- Area de Fisicoquímica, FACENA, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Campus Universitario, Avda. Libertad 5400, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
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Romero JM, Ayala DA, Jorge NL, Gómez-Vara ME, Castro EA, Jubert AH. Calorimetric and computational study of enthalpy of formation of 3,6-dibutanoic-1,2,4,5-tetroxane. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:5826-9. [PMID: 15990317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2005] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A thermochemical a rather simple experimental technique method, is used to determine the enthalpy of the formation of 3,6-dibutanoic-1,2,4,5-tetroxane. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6-311G basis set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Romero
- Area de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
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Núñez MB, Maguna FP, Okulik NB, Castro EA. QSAR modeling of the MAO inhibitory activity of xanthones derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:5611-7. [PMID: 15482934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2004] [Accepted: 08/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a study QSAR among the MAO A inhibitory activity (IMAO A) of a xanthones series correlated with descriptors like the E-state index (S(i)), molecular connectivity (chi) and shape (k) descriptors. The xanthones group (9-H-xanton-9-onas) are of natural or synthetic origin, they present eight positions for the substitution and their MAO A inhibitory activity is reported in the work from Gnerre et al. The descriptors included in the adjusted model were selected to describe the molecular structure of the compounds. The model was selected using the leave-one-out method, the cross-validation statistics indicate a model useful for prediction: r(2)=0.847 and s=8.069, calculated by multiple linear regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Núñez
- Facultad de Agroindustrias, UNNE, Cdte. Fernández 755, Sáenz Peña 3700, Chaco, Argentina.
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Duchowicz PR, Castro EA, Toropov AA, Nesterov IV, Nabiev OM. QSPR modeling the aqueous solubility of alcohols by optimization of correlation weights of local graph invariants. Mol Divers 2004; 8:325-30. [PMID: 15612636 DOI: 10.1023/b:modi.0000047498.49219.ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of correlation weights of local graph invariants is an approach to model molecular properties and/or activities of chemical or/and biological interest. The essence of the approach may be described by means of three main steps: first, a descriptor which is a function of the weights of local graph invariants must be defined by the suitable choice among the different possibilities from the pool of molecular descriptors; second, correlation weights values which produce as large as possible correlation coefficient value between the selected property values and the descriptor data under consideration are calculated by Monte Carlo optimization procedure (the correlation coefficient is used as the quality objective function); third, a relationship such as property = C0 + C1 descriptor has to be calculated and validated with structures of some training set resorting to the standard least square method. We obtain quite satisfactory results using this calculation procedure to model the aqueous solubility of alcohols whose statistical characteristics are: n = 30, r = 0.9843, s = 0.176, F = 870 (Training Set); n = 33, r = 0.9965, s = 0.0902, F = 4456 (Test Set); n = 63, r = 0.9931, s = 0.121, F = 4379 (complete set of alcohol molecules).
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Duchowicz
- INIFAP, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences, La Plata University, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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Airaldi MG, Alonso-Romanowski S, Ambrosio A, Bessone JB, Bibiloni AG, Castro EA, Cravero C, Debenedetti SL, De Filippo J, Denzoin LA, Fernández Lahore M, Fiamberti H, Fossati CA, Franchi AM, Furnari JC, Gadaleta P, Gaggioli N, García AP, Ghilarducci A, Gubertini MT, Hajos S, Hermida EB, Hozbor D, Ielpi L, Iriondo M, Isturiz MA, Jasnis MA, Kochen S, Landoni MF, Lemos DR, Manghi M, Milana JP, Nonzioli AC, Otero AM, Palermo M, Pérez O, Ravelo A, Rearte B, Recavarren MI, Rodríguez ME, Rofman A, Sadir AM, Sasiain MC, Schattner M, Stumpo R, Yantorno O. [Vaccine production in Argentina: a decision that cannot be postponed]. Medicina (B Aires) 2003; 63:457-8. [PMID: 14628659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
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Romanelli GP, Jios JL, Autino JC, Cafferata LF, Castro EA. Relationships between Kováts retention indices and molecular descriptors of 1-(2-hydroxy)-3-arylpropane-1,3-diones. ScientificWorldJournal 2001; 1:897-905. [PMID: 12805723 PMCID: PMC6084187 DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2001.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical results for retention index of a set of 20 beta-diketones are given. The quantitative structure-chromatographic retention relationships (QSRR) theory is employed and six molecular descriptors are chosen to compute the fitting polynomials. Multiple regression analysis yields satisfactory results when one resorts to several variables equations, instead of computing just one-variable formulae. Average absolute deviations from experimental results are rather low, which seems to point out the suitability of the present approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Romanelli
- LADECOR, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
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Castro EA, Angel M, Arellano D, Santos JG. Kinetic study of the phenolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) carbonate, bis(4-nitrophenyl) thionocarbonate, and methyl 4-nitrophenyl thionocarbonate. J Org Chem 2001; 66:6571-5. [PMID: 11578206 DOI: 10.1021/jo0101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of a homogeneous series of phenols with bis(4-nitrophenyl) carbonate (BNPC), bis(4-nitrophenyl) thionocarbonate (BNPTOC), and methyl 4-nitrophenyl thionocarbonate (MNPTOC) are subjected to a kinetic investigation in water, at 25.0 degrees C and ionic strength of 0.2 M (KCl). Under excess of phenol over the substrate, all the reactions obey pseudo-first-order kinetics and are first order in phenoxide anion. The reactions of BNPC show a linear Brönsted-type plot with slope beta = 0.66, consistent with a concerted mechanism (one step). In contrast, those of BNPTOC and MNPTOC show biphasic Brönsted-type plots with slopes beta = 0.30 and 0.44, respectively, at high pK(a), and beta = 1.25 and 1.60, respectively, at low pK(a), consistent with stepwise mechanisms. For the reactions of both thionocarbonates, the pK(a) value at the center of the Brönsted plot (pK(a)(0)) is 7.1, which corresponds to the pK(a) of 4-nitrophenol. This confirms that the phenolyses of the thionocarbonates are stepwise processes, with the formation of an anionic tetrahedral intermediate. By the comparison of the kinetics and mechanisms of the title reactions with similar reactions, the following conclusions can be drawn: (i) Substitution of S(-) by O(-) in an anionic tetrahedral intermediate (T(-)) destabilizes it. (ii) The change of MeO by 4-nitrophenoxy in T(-) results in an increase of both the rate constant and equilibrium constant, for the formation of T(-), and also in an enlargement of the rate coefficient for the expulsion of 4-nitrophenoxide from T(-). (iii) Substitution of an amino group in a tetrahedral intermediate by ArO destabilizes it. (iv) Secondary alicyclic amines and other amines show greater reactivity toward MNPTOC than isobasic phenoxide anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Castro
- Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile.
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Castro EA, Leandro L, Quesieh N, Santos JG. Kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of 3-methoxyphenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, and 4-cyanophenyl 4-nitrophenyl thionocarbonates with alicyclic amines. J Org Chem 2001; 66:6130-5. [PMID: 11529741 DOI: 10.1021/jo0157371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of 3-methoxyphenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, and 4-cyanophenyl 4-nitrophenyl thionocarbonates (1, 2, and 3, respectively) with a series of secondary alicyclic amines are studied kinetically in 44 wt % ethanol-water at 25.0 degrees C and an ionic strength of 0.2 M (KCl). Pseudo-first-order rate coefficients (k(obsd)) are obtained for all reactions (amine excess was used). The reactions of compound 1 with piperidine, piperazine, and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine and of compounds 2 and 3 with these amines and morpholine exhibit linear k(obsd) versus amine concentration plots with slopes (k1) independent of pH. In contrast, the plots are nonlinear upward for the reactions of substrate 1 with morpholine, 1-formylpiperazine, and piperazinium ion and of substrates 2 and 3 with the two latter amines. For all these reactions, a reaction scheme is proposed with a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate (T+/-), which can be deprotonated by an amine to yield an anionic intermediate (T-). When the nonlinear plots are fit through an equation derived from the scheme, rate and equilibrium microcoefficients are obtained. The Brönsted-type plots for k1 are linear with slopes of beta1 = 0.22, 0.20, and 0.24 for the aminolysis of 1, 2, and 3, respectively, indicating that the formation of T+/- (k1 step) is rate-determining. The k1 values for these reactions follow the sequence 3 > 2 > 1, which can be explained by the sequence of the electron-withdrawing effects from the substituents on the nonleaving group of the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Castro
- Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile.
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Castro EA, Cubillos M, Santos JG. Concerted mechanisms of the reactions of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl methyl carbonate and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl acetate with secondary alicyclic amines. J Org Chem 2001; 66:6000-3. [PMID: 11529724 DOI: 10.1021/jo0100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of secondary alicyclic amines with 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl methyl carbonate (TNPMC) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl acetate (TNPA) are subjected to a kinetic study in aqueous solution, 25.0 degrees C, ionic strength 0.2 (KCl). The reactions are studied by following spectrophotometrically (360 nm) the release of the 2,4,6-trinitrophenoxide anion. Under amine excess, pseudo-first-order rate coefficients (k(obsd)) are found. Plots of k(obsd) vs [amine] are linear, with the slope (kN) independent of pH. The Brönsted-type plots (log k(N) vs pK(a) of the conjugate acid of the amines) are linear, with slopes beta = 0.41 and beta = 0.36 for the reactions of TNPA and TNPMC, respectively. The predicted breaks of the Brönsted plots for stepwise mechanisms are pK(a)0 = 6.8 and 7.3, respectively. The lack of Brönsted breaks for these reactions and the values of the Brönsted slopes are consistent with concerted mechanisms. By comparison of the reactions under investigation among them and with similar aminolysis and pyridinolysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: (i) Secondary alicyclic amines react with TNPA and TNPMC by concerted mechanisms. (ii) TNPA is more reactive toward these amines than TNPMC due to the greater electron release of MeO from the latter substrate. (iii) The change of 2,4-dinitrophenoxy to 2,4,6-trinitrophenoxy in the zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate (T+/-) formed in the reactions of the title amines with 2,4-dinitrophenyl acetate greatly destabilizes T+/-. (iv) Secondary alicyclic amines destabilize T+/- relative to pyridines. (v) The intermediate T+/- formed in the reactions of the title amines with S-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) acetate is greatly destabilized by substitution of S-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) by O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) as the leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Castro
- Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile.
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Abstract
This study evaluates the prevalence and viability of helminth eggs and protozoan cysts in sludge obtained by anaerobic treatment in four treatment stations in Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil. The parasites observed were helminths: Ascaris sp (85%), Toxocara sp (5.5%), Trichuris sp (4.5%), Hymenolepis diminuta (3.7%), H. nana (1%) and Taenia sp (0.4%), protozoan: Isospora sp, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Endolimax nana. In biological treatment based on the anaerobic digestion the effectiveness depends on the duration and temperature. The treatment showed efficiency for pathogen reduction of between 59.7 to 93%. However, the number of helminth eggs found in treatment stations was still high and new higher performance treatment is necessary for land application or for other objectives, seeking to reduce the risks for human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Paulino
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR
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Abstract
The reactions of 4-nitrophenyl, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl methyl carbonates (NPC, DNPC, and TNPC, respectively) with substituted phenoxide ions are subjected to a kinetic study in water at 25.0 degrees C, ionic strength 0.2 M (KCl). Production of the leaving groups (the nitro derivatives) is followed spectrophotometrically. Under excess of the phenoxide ions pseudo-first-order rate coefficients (k(obsd)) are found throughout. Plots of k(obsd) vs substituted phenoxide concentration at constant pH are linear, with the slope (k(N)) independent of pH. The Brönsted-type plots (log k(N) vs pK(a) of the phenols) are linear with slopes beta = 0.67, 0.48, and 0.52 for the phenolysis of NPC, DNPC, and TNPC, respectively. The magnitudes of these Brönsted slopes are consistent with a concerted mechanism. In the particular case of the phenolysis of NPC the expected hypothetical curvature center of the Brönsted plot for a stepwise mechanism should be pK(a)(0) = 7.1 (the pK(a) of 4-nitrophenol). This curvature does not appear within the pK(a) range of the substituted phenols studied (5.3--10.3), indicating that these reactions are concerted. The phenolysis of DNPC and TNPC should also be concerted in view of the even more unstable tetrahedral intermediates that would be formed if the reactions were stepwise. The reactions of the same substrates with pyridines are stepwise, which means that substitution of a pyridine moiety in a tetrahedral intermediate by a phenoxy group destabilizes the intermediate perhaps to the point of nonexistence. The k(N) values for the title reactions are larger than those for the concerted phenolysis of the corresponding ethyl S-aryl thiolcarbonates. The k(N) values found in the present reactions are subjected to a dual regression analysis as a function of the pK(a), of both the nucleophile and leaving group, the coefficients being beta(N) = 0.5 and beta(lg) = -0.3, respectively. These coefficients are consistent with a concerted mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Castro
- Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile.
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Luz E, Membrive N, Castro EA, Dereure J, Pratlong F, Dedet JA, Pandey A, Thomaz-Soccol V. Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae) as vector of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis in Paraná state, southern Brazil. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2000; 94:623-31. [PMID: 11064764 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.2000.11813585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The phlebotomine sandflies in the northern areas of the state of Paraná, Brazil, particularly those in the '16a' health region, were investigated over a 3-year period. Using CDC light traps (with and without hamster bait) and Shannon traps (with lights and horse or human bait), 16 species were collected from seven municipal districts which were known foci for cutaneous leishmaniasis: Arapongas; Apucarana; Cambira; Marumbi; Faxinal; Florestópolis; and Sabáudia. Although the frequency at which each species was collected varied with the collection site, Lutzomyia whitmani predominated (62.0% of all the sandflies collected), followed by Lu. fischeri (13.3%), Lu. pessoai (10.8%), Lu. migonei (8.2%) and Lu. intermedia (2.8%). Lutzomyia monticola, Lu. shanonni, Lu. firmatoi, Lu. lanei, Lu. alphabetica, Lu. misionensis, Lu. correalimai, Lu. cortellezzii, Lu. longipenis, Brumptomyia brumpti and B. nitzulescui together represented the remaining 3.0% of the collected sandflies. Three of the 1961 female sandflies collected and dissected in the municipal district of Cambira, where a recent case of cutaneous leishmaniasis had been registered, were found to have flagellates in their guts. All three were Lu. whitmani. The parasites from each of these infections were successfully isolated in NNN and 'Tobie and Evans' media and/or by inoculation into a hind foot of a golden hamster. The results of isoenzyme electrophoresis indicated that all three isolates were of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Luz
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Brazil
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Vieira LA, Castro EA, Duarte JL, Pinheiro SR, Suassuna I, Pereira JA. [Newborn intestinal colonization by multidrug resistant enterobacteria in a neonatal unit]. J Pediatr (Rio J) 1999; 75:83-90. [PMID: 14685546 DOI: 10.2223/jped.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the occurrence of intestinal colonization in newborns by multidrug-resistant enterobacteria strains (MDRES) during hospital stay after birth. We used selective media in an attempt to determine the relationship between isolation of these strains and some of the presumed colonization risk factors. METHOD: A sequencial inclusion study of 30 newborns was carried out in the neonatal unit of the HUPE, State University Hospital, a general 600-bed tertiary care hospital. We obtained clinical and epidemiological information from medical records and collected a fecal sample from each newborn, which was plated in gentamicin (8mg/ml) medium and potassium tellurite (25mg/ml) medium. The isolated strains were biochemically identified and also submitted to tests of antimicrobial susceptibility. Nine MDRES were submitted to an assay for plasmid conjugational transfer. RESULTS: We isolated 56 distinct MDRES from 14 among 30 newborns (46.7%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common bacterial species (38/56 (68%). We found statistical association between individual MDRES isolation and presence of 3 or 4 of the following colonization risk factors considered: antimicrobial use, low weight (<2.500g), more than 6 days of hospitalization and artificial milk feeding (p< 0.02). We could detect plasmid resistance transfer by bacterial conjugation for 8 among 9 MDRES. CONCLUSION: The seletive cultura media were useful to detect the high frequence of newborns colonized by MDRES in association with well established infection risk factors. We emphasize the importance of reinforcing control rules aiming at preventing intestinal colonization viewed as a risk of nosocomial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Vieira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Soccol VT, Sotomaior C, Souza FP, Castro EA, Pessôa Silva MC, Milczewski V. Occurrence of resistance to anthelmintics in sheep in Paraná State, Brazil. Vet Rec 1996; 139:421-2. [PMID: 8923717 DOI: 10.1136/vr.139.17.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V T Soccol
- Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná J. Américas, Curitiba, Brazil
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Fernández FM, Castro EA. Comment on "Iterative Bogoliubov transformations and anharmonic oscillators". Phys Rev A 1993; 48:3398-3399. [PMID: 9909999 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Glossman MD, Castro EA. Variational test on the relationship between gradient expansion terms in the kinetic energy density functional. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1989; 39:4870-4872. [PMID: 9901842 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.39.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Maluendes SA, Fernández FM, Castro EA. Modified large-N expansion. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1987; 36:1452-1453. [PMID: 9899007 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.36.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Arteca GA, Fernández FM, Castro EA. Method of analysis of critical-point singularities from power-series expansions. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1986; 33:1297-1301. [PMID: 9896748 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.33.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Arízaga Cruz JM, Cigala Cano JL, García Conzález J, Castro EA, Mendoza E. [Results of the program of detection of cervicouterine cancer during the year of 1973]. Ginecol Obstet Mex 1975; 38:139-44. [PMID: 1175988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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