1
|
Castro EA, Silva E, Benito PJ, Neiva CM, Pessôa Filho DM. Effects of Training on Running Cost and Aerobic Capacity in Individuals with Obesity. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:1075-1085. [PMID: 37827497 DOI: 10.1055/a-2156-7142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated running cost (CRun), peak oxygen consumption (V̇ O2peak), and ventilatory threshold (VT1) responses to exercise programs for individuals with obesity. Ninety-four individuals (38.2±7.7 years; 33.4±2.9 kg/m²) were assigned into strength (n=24), endurance (n=26), combined (n=22), and physical activity (control, n=22) groups for 22 weeks, plus diet recommendation. The V̇ O2peak, VT1, and CRun were assessed through a maximal incremental step test. The change of V̇ O2peak in combined (9.9%) differed from the other groups, with lower values in women than men (0.7% vs. 6.2%). The VT1 change in combined (16.4%) differed from the strength (4.9%) and physical activity (1.2%) groups, with the change in endurance (12.7%) also being higher than the physical activity group. Only men in the combined group increased absolute V̇ O2peak, while both sexes increased VT1 in the endurance and combined groups. No effects for groups and sex were significant for CRun in moderate (VT1) running zones, despite CRun changes in VT1 zones correlated with the alterations of V̇ O2peak and VT1 (r²=0.29-0.59). Therefore, moderate aerobic exercise stimulus is suitable for VT1 improvement in individuals with obesity, with the increase in CRun associated to the chances of increasing V̇ O2peak in men and when combining strength with aerobic exercises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Aparecida Castro
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Science (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Bauru, Brazil
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisangela Silva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of South of Minas Gerais - IFSULDEMINAS at Muzambinho, Brazil
| | - Pedro J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cassiano Merussi Neiva
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Science (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Bauru, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Human Developmental and Technologies, Biosciences Institute (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Rio Claro, Brazil
- College of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto University, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dalton Müller Pessôa Filho
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Science (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Bauru, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Human Developmental and Technologies, Biosciences Institute (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Rio Claro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schlickmann DDS, Molz P, Uebel GC, Santos C, Brand C, Colombelli RAW, da Silva TG, Steffens JP, Limberger Castilhos EDS, Benito PJ, Rieger A, Franke SIR. The moderating role of macronutrient intake in relation to body composition and genotoxicity: A study with gym users. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2023; 890:503660. [PMID: 37567647 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In a cross-sectional study of gymnasium users (both sexes, ages = 41.9 ± 14.8 years), we examined the moderating role of macronutrient intake in relation to body composition and genotoxicity. A questionnaire was administered to evaluate characteristics of the participants. To assess macronutrient consumption, we used 24-h food recalls on three non-consecutive days. Body composition (body fat percentage and muscle mass) was evaluated with a bioimpedance scale. Genotoxicity was assessed with the buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Multiple linear regression models were applied, adjusting for age; sex; tobacco and alcohol consumption; and (with regard to exercise habits) frequency, training time, intensity, and types. Micronucleus frequency was directly associated with body fat and inversely associated with muscle mass. Our study shows that carbohydrate and fat intakes affect body fat percentage and micronucleus frequency in gymnasium users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diene da Silva Schlickmann
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul. Department of Health Science, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition. Department of Health Science, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Molz
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul. Department of Health Science, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition. Department of Health Science, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cristina Uebel
- Course of Biomedicine, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Department of Health Science, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul. Department of Health Science, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition. Department of Health Science, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brand
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Renato Alberto Weber Colombelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition. Department of Health Science, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thalia Gama da Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition. Department of Health Science, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Priebe Steffens
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition. Department of Health Science, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre Rieger
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul. Department of Health Science, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvia Isabel Rech Franke
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul. Department of Health Science, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition. Department of Health Science, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Benito PJ, Gutiérrez Á, Rojo-Tirado MA. The real bacterial filtration efficiency to evaluate the effective protection of facemasks used for the prevention of respiratory diseases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8997. [PMID: 37277420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The real protection offered by facemasks to control the transmission of respiratory viruses is still undetermined. Most of the manufacturing regulations, as well as scientific studies, have focused on studying the filtration capacity of the fabrics from which they are made, ignoring the air that escapes through the facial misalignments, and which depends on the respiratory frequencies and volumes. The objective of this work was to define a Real Bacterial Filtration Efficiency for each type of facemask, considering the bacterial filtration efficiency of the manufacturers and the air that passes through them. Nine different facemasks were tested on a mannequin with three gas analyzers (measuring inlet, outlet, and leak volumes) inside a polymethylmethacrylate box. In addition, the differential pressure was measured to determine the resistance offered by the facemasks during the inhalation and exhalation processes. Air was introduced with a manual syringe for 180 s simulating inhalations and exhalations at rest, light, moderate and vigorous activities (10, 60, 80 and 120 L/min, respectively). Statistical analysis showed that practically half of the air entering to the system is not filtered by the facemasks in all intensities (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.971). They also showed that the hygienic facemasks filter more than 70% of the air, and their filtration does not depend on the simulated intensity, while the rest of the facemasks show an evidently different response, influenced by the amount of air mobilized. Therefore, the Real Bacterial Filtration Efficiency can be calculated as a modulation of the Bacterial Filtration Efficiencies that depends on the type of facemask. The real filtration capacity of the facemasks has been overestimated during last years since the filtration of the fabrics is not the real filtration when the facemask is worn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Gutiérrez
- ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rojo-Tirado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Benito PJ, Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Rael B, Castro EA, Romero-Parra N, Rojo-Tirado MA, Peinado AB. Effect of Menstrual Cycle Phase on the Recovery Process of High-Intensity Interval Exercise-A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3266. [PMID: 36833959 PMCID: PMC9959793 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the study of the menstrual cycle influence on endurance exercise has recently increased, there is a lack of literature studying its influence on females' cardiorespiratory recovery. Thus, the aim of the present work was to assess menstrual cycle influence on post-exercise recovery following a high intensity interval exercise in trained females. Thirteen eumenorrheic endurance-trained females performed an interval running protocol in three menstrual cycle phases: early follicular phase (EFP), late follicular phase (LFP), and mid-luteal phase (MLP). The protocol consisted of 8 × 3-min bouts at 85% of their maximal aerobic speed (vVO2peak) with a 90-s rest between bouts and a final 5-min active recovery at 30% vVO2peak. All variables were averaged every 15 s, obtaining 19 moments during recovery (time factor). To analyze the effects of the menstrual cycle on the final active cardiorespiratory recovery, an ANOVA for repeated measures was performed. ANOVA showed an effect on menstrual cycle phase on ventilation (EFP: 1.27 ± 0.35; LFP: 1.19 ± 0.36; MLP: 1.27 ± 0.37), breathing frequency (EFP: 35.14 ± 7.14; LFP: 36.32 ± 7.11; MLP: 37.62 ± 7.23), and carbon dioxide production (EFP: 1120.46 ± 137.62; LFP: 1079.50 ± 129.57; MLP: 1148.78 ± 107.91). Regarding the interaction results (phase x time), ventilation is higher at many of the recovery times during the MLP, with less frequent differences between EFP and LFP (F = 1.586; p = 0.019), while breathing reserve is lower at many of the recovery times during MLP, with less time differences between EFP and LFP (F = 1.643; p = 0.013). It seems that the menstrual cycle affects post-exercise recovery specially during the MLP, rising ventilation and lowering breathing reserve, giving rise to an impaired ventilatory efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Alfaro-Magallanes
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rael
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliane A. Castro
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Nuria Romero-Parra
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Rehabilitación y Medicina Física, Facultad de CC. de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. Peinado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Romero-Parra N, Barba-Moreno L, Rael B, Benito PJ, Díaz ÁE, Cupeiro R, Peinado AB. Serum iron availability, but not iron stores, is lower in naturally menstruating than in oral contraceptive athletes. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:231-240. [PMID: 34904534 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.2018503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study measured serum markers of iron status in naturally menstruating and oral contraceptive (OC) athletes during the main hormonal milieus of these two profiles to identify potential differences confounding the diagnosis of iron deficiency in female athletes. Resting blood samples were collected from 36 naturally menstruating athletes during the early-follicular phase (EFP), mid- late-follicular phase (MLFP) and mid-luteal phase (MLP) of the menstrual cycle. Simultaneously, blood samples were collected from 24 OC athletes during the withdrawal and active-pill phase of the OC cycle. Serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 and sex hormones were analyzed. Naturally menstruating athletes showed lower levels of TSAT, iron and transferrin than OC athletes when comparing the bleeding phase of both profiles (p<0.05) as well as when comparing all analyzed phases of the menstrual cycle to the active pill phase of the OC cycle (p<0.05). Interestingly, only lower transferrin was found during MLFP and MLP compared to the withdrawal phase of the OC cycle (p>0.05), with all other iron markers showing no differences (p>0.05). Intracycle variations were also found within both types of cycle, presenting reduced TSAT and iron during menstrual bleeding phases (p<0.05). In conclusion, in OC athletes, serum iron availability, but not serum ferritin, seems higher than in naturally menstruating ones. However, such differences are lost when comparing the MLFP and MLP of the menstrual cycle with the withdrawal phase of the OC cycle. This should be considered in the assessment of iron status in female athletes.Highlights Naturally menstruating athletes present lower TSAT, iron and transferrin in all analyzed phases of the menstrual cycle compared to OC athletes during their active pill phase. However, both the mid-late follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle do not differ from the withdrawal phase of the oral contraceptive cycle.Intracycle variations are found for TSAT and iron in both naturally menstruating and oral contraceptive athletes, which are mainly driven by a reduction in TSAT and iron during menstrual bleeding phases.As serum iron availability changes significantly as a function of the athlete's hormonal status, it should be considered in the assessment of the athlete's iron status as well as standardise the phase of the menstrual cycle in which to assess iron markers to avoid misdiagnosis or misleading results.In contrast, the assessment of iron stores through serum ferritin is substantially stable and the athlete's hormonal status does not seem to be of relevance for this purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Alfaro-Magallanes
- LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Romero-Parra
- LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Barba-Moreno
- LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rael
- LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro J Benito
- LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel E Díaz
- Clinical laboratory. National Center of Sport Medicine. Health and Sports Department, AEPSAD, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Peinado
- LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | -
- LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sánchez-López M, García-Hermoso A, Ortega FB, Moliner-Urdiales D, Labayen I, Castro-Piñero J, Benito PJ, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Sanchis-Moysi J, Cantallop J, Artero EG, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Validity and Reliability of the International FItness Scale (IFIS) in preschool children. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:818-828. [PMID: 35249452 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2049884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine the validity and reliability of parent-reported International FItness Scale (IFIS) in preschool-age children. METHOD A cross-sectional study of 3051 Spanish preschoolers (3-5 years). Fitness was measured by PREFIT fitness test battery and reported by parents using an adapted version of the IFIS. Waist circumference was evaluated, and the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated. Seventy-six parents of randomly selected schoolchildren completed the IFIS twice (two weeks apart) for a reliability assessment. RESULTS ANCOVA, adjusted for sex, age and WHtR, showed that preschoolers who were scored by their parents as having average-to-very good fitness had better levels of measured physical fitness than those preschoolers who were classified as having "very poor/poor" fitness levels (18.1laps to 22.1laps vs 15.6laps for cardiorespiratory fitness; 6.6 kg to 7.5 kg vs 5.3 kg for muscular fitness-handgrip-; 71.7 cm to 76.4 cm vs 62.0 cm for muscular fitness-standing long jump-; 17.2s to 16.2s vs 18.2s for speed/agility; and 11.2s to 15.6s vs 8.7s for balance; p < 0.001). The weighted kappa for concordance between parent-reported fitness levels and objective assessment was poor (κ ≤0.18 for all fitness measures). Overall, the mean values of the abdominal adiposity indicators were significantly lower in high-level fitness categories reported by parents than in low-level fitness categories (p < 0.05). The test-retest reliability of IFIS items ranged from 0.46 to 0.62. CONCLUSIONS The reliability of the parent-reported IFIS are acceptable, but the concordance between parents reported and objectively measures fitness levels is poor, suggesting that parents' responses may not be able to correctly classify preschoolers according to their fitness level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mairena Sánchez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, School of Education, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, IdiSNa, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- The PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Idoia Labayen
- IS (IS-FOOD), Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Jose Castro-Piñero
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pedro J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) research group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2-, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquin Sanchis-Moysi
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain
| | - Jaume Cantallop
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (GICAFD). Departamento de Pedagogía y Didácticas Específicas (PDE). Facultad de Educación. Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)
| | - Enrique G Artero
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.,SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Faculty of Medicine, Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schlickmann DS, Molz P, Brand C, Dos Santos C, da Silva TG, Rieger A, Benito PJ, Reuter CP, Renner JDP, Rech Franke SI. Liver and kidney function markers among gym users: the role of dietary supplement usage. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1-8. [PMID: 34511159 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplements have been increasingly used by gym users and are often consumed without the guidance of a health professional. Moreover, the indiscriminate supplements use can have adverse health effects, such as changes in liver and kidney function. The aim of this study was to verify the association between dietary supplements intake with alterations in the liver and kidney function among gym users. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 594 gym users (mean age 37 (sd 14) years, 55·2 % women) from a city in southern Brazil. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the use of dietary supplements. The markers of the liver (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase) and renal (creatinine and urea) function were also evaluated on a subsample of the study population. Data were analysed by binary logistic regression, adjusted for sex, age and education. The prevalence of dietary supplement intake was 36·0 %. Individuals who intake dietary supplements showed a higher prevalence to present slight alterations in the AST enzyme and in the urea after adjustments for potential confounders. In conclusion, the use of dietary supplement was associated with slight alterations in AST enzyme and in the urea among gym users. These findings show the importance of using supplements correctly, especially with guidance from professionals trained to avoid possible risks to health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diene S Schlickmann
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Molz
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brand
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Thalia G da Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rieger
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, España
| | - Cézane P Reuter
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Jane D P Renner
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia I Rech Franke
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rubio-Arias JÁ, Martínez-Aranda LM, Andreu-Caravaca L, Sanz G, Benito PJ, Ramos-Campo DJ. Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Strength in the Population Who Are Overweight and Obese: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 102:2442-2453. [PMID: 33965395 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on body composition, metabolic and cardiovascular risk variables, and lower limb strength in participants who are overweight/obese. DATA SOURCES A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted in 3 databases (PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) from inception through to January 26, 2020. STUDY SELECTION Studies analyzing the effect of WBVT on body composition variables, metabolic profile, blood pressure, heart rate, and lower limb strength in the population who are overweight/obese, with interventions of a minimum length of 2 weeks were included. DATA EXTRACTION After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 studies involving 884 participants who were obese/overweight (experimental group: 543; weight=79.9 kg; body mass index (BMI) =31.3 kg/m2, obesity class I according to World Health Organization) were used in the quantitative analysis. The sex of the participants involved in the studies were as follows: (1) 17 studies included only female participants; (2) 1 study included only boys, and (3) 5 studies included both sexes. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression methods were used to calculate the mean difference and standardized mean difference (SMD; ± 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) as well as to analyze the effects of pre-post intervention WBVT and differences from control groups. DATA SYNTHESIS WBVT led to a significant decrease in fat mass (-1.07 kg, not clinically significant). In addition, WBVT reduced systolic blood pressure (-7.01 mmHg, clinically significant), diastolic blood pressure (-1.83 mmHg), and heart rate (-2.23 bpm), as well as increased the lower extremity strength (SMD=0.63; range, 0.40-0.86). On the other hand, WBVT did not modify the weight, BMI, muscle mass, cholesterol, triglycerides, or glucose. CONCLUSIONS WBVT could be an effective training modality to reduce blood pressure (clinically relevant) and resting heart rate. In addition, WBVT led to improved lower limb strength. However, these findings were not consistent with significant improvements on other variables associated with metabolic syndrome (body composition, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Á Rubio-Arias
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Education. University of Almería, Almeria, Spain.
| | | | - Luis Andreu-Caravaca
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain; International Chair of Sports Medicine, Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Gema Sanz
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Gnomics, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo J Ramos-Campo
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain; Department of Education, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alfaro‐Magallanes VM, Barba‐Moreno L, Rael B, Romero‐Parra N, Rojo‐Tirado MA, Benito PJ, Swinkels DW, Laarakkers CM, Díaz ÁE, Peinado AB. Hepcidin response to interval running exercise is not affected by oral contraceptive phase in endurance-trained women. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:643-652. [PMID: 33249618 PMCID: PMC7984293 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of oral contraceptives (OCs) by female athletes may lead to improved iron status, possibly through the regulation of hepcidin by sex hormones. The present work investigates the response of hepcidin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) to an interval exercise in both phases of the OC cycle. Sixteen endurance-trained OC users (age 25.3 ± 4.7 years; height 162.4 ± 5.7 cm; body mass 56.0 ± 5.7 kg; body fat percentage 24.8 ± 6.0%; peak oxygen consumption [VO2peak ]: 47.4 ± 5.5 mL min-1 kg-1 ) followed an identical interval running protocol during the withdrawal and active pill phases of the OC cycle. This protocol consisted of 8 × 3 minutes bouts at 85% VO2peak speed with 90 seconds recovery intervals. Blood samples were collected pre-exercise, and at 0 hour, 3 hours, and 24 hours post-exercise. Pre-exercise 17β-estradiol was lower (P = .001) during the active pill than the withdrawal phase (7.91 ± 1.81 vs 29.36 ± 6.45 pg/mL [mean ± SEM]). No differences were seen between the OC phases with respect to hepcidin or IL-6 concentrations, whether taking all time points together or separately. However, within the withdrawal phase, hepcidin concentrations were higher at 3 hours post-exercise (3.33 ± 0.95 nmol/L) than at pre-exercise (1.04 ± 0.20 nmol/L; P = .005) and 0 hour post-exercise (1.41 ± 0.38 nmol/L; P = .045). Within both OC phases, IL-6 was higher at 0 hour post-exercise than at any other time point (P < .05). Similar trends in hepcidin and IL-6 concentrations were seen at the different time points during both OC phases. OC use led to low 17β-estradiol concentrations during the active pill phase but did not affect hepcidin. This does not, however, rule out estradiol affecting hepcidin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M. Alfaro‐Magallanes
- LFE Research GroupDepartment of Health and Human PerformanceFaculty of Physical Activity and Sport SciencesUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Laura Barba‐Moreno
- LFE Research GroupDepartment of Health and Human PerformanceFaculty of Physical Activity and Sport SciencesUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Beatriz Rael
- LFE Research GroupDepartment of Health and Human PerformanceFaculty of Physical Activity and Sport SciencesUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Nuria Romero‐Parra
- LFE Research GroupDepartment of Health and Human PerformanceFaculty of Physical Activity and Sport SciencesUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Miguel A. Rojo‐Tirado
- LFE Research GroupDepartment of Health and Human PerformanceFaculty of Physical Activity and Sport SciencesUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Pedro J. Benito
- LFE Research GroupDepartment of Health and Human PerformanceFaculty of Physical Activity and Sport SciencesUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Dorine W. Swinkels
- Department of Laboratory MedicineTranslational Metabolic Laboratory (TML 830)Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Hepcidinanalysis.comRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Coby M. Laarakkers
- Department of Laboratory MedicineTranslational Metabolic Laboratory (TML 830)Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Hepcidinanalysis.comRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Ángel E. Díaz
- Clinical LaboratoryDepartment of National Center of Sport Medicine, Health and SportsAEPSADMadridSpain
| | - Ana B. Peinado
- LFE Research GroupDepartment of Health and Human PerformanceFaculty of Physical Activity and Sport SciencesUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Romero-Parra N, Cupeiro R, Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Rael B, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Peinado AB, Benito PJ. Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage During the Menstrual Cycle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:549-561. [PMID: 33201156 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Romero-Parra, N, Cupeiro, R, Alfaro-Magallanes, VM, Rael, B, Rubio-Arias, JA, Peinado, AB, and Benito, PJ, IronFEMME Study Group. Exercise-induced muscle damage during the menstrual cycle: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 549-561, 2021-A strenuous bout of exercise could trigger damage of muscle tissue, and it is not clear how sex hormone fluctuations occurring during the menstrual cycle (MC) affect this response. The aims of this study were to systematically search and assess studies that have evaluated exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in eumenorrheic women over the MC and to perform a meta-analysis to quantify which MC phases display the muscle damage response. The guidelines of the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis were followed. A total of 19 articles were analyzed in the quantitative synthesis. Included studies examined EIMD in at least one phase of the following MC phases: early follicular phase (EFP), late follicular phase (LFP), or midluteal phase (MLP). The meta-analysis demonstrated differences between MC phases for delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and strength loss (p < 0.05), whereas no differences were observed between MC phases for creatine kinase. The maximum mean differences between pre-excercise and post-exercise for DOMS were EFP: 6.57 (4.42, 8.71), LFP: 5.37 (2.10, 8.63), and MLP: 3.08 (2.22, 3.95), whereas for strength loss were EFP: -3.46 (-4.95, -1.98), LFP: -1.63 (-2.36, -0.89), and MLP: -0.72 (-1.07, -0.36) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that hormone fluctuations throughout the MC affect EIMD in terms of DOMS and strength loss. Lower training loads or longer recovery periods could be considered in the EFP, when sex hormone concentrations are lower and women may be more vulnerable to muscle damage, whereas strength conditioning loads could be enhanced in the MLP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Romero-Parra
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Peinado AB, Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Romero-Parra N, Barba-Moreno L, Rael B, Maestre-Cascales C, Rojo-Tirado MA, Castro EA, Benito PJ, Ortega-Santos CP, Santiago E, Butragueño J, García-de-Alcaraz A, Rojo JJ, Calderón FJ, García-Bataller A, Cupeiro R. Methodological Approach of the Iron and Muscular Damage: Female Metabolism and Menstrual Cycle during Exercise Project (IronFEMME Study). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18020735. [PMID: 33561085 PMCID: PMC7831010 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Background: The increase in exercise levels in the last few years among professional and recreational female athletes has led to an increased scientific interest about sports health and performance in the female athlete population. The purpose of the IronFEMME Study described in this protocol article is to determine the influence of different hormonal profiles on iron metabolism in response to endurance exercise, and the main markers of muscle damage in response to resistance exercise; both in eumenorrheic, oral contraceptive (OC) users and postmenopausal well-trained women. Methods: This project is an observational controlled randomized counterbalanced study. One hundered and four (104) active and healthy women were selected to participate in the IronFEMME Study, 57 of which were eumenorrheic, 31 OC users and 16 postmenopausal. The project consisted of two sections carried out at the same time: iron metabolism (study I) and muscle damage (study II). For the study I, the exercise protocol consisted of an interval running test (eight bouts of 3 min at 85% of the maximal aerobic speed), whereas the study II protocol was an eccentric-based resistance exercise protocol (10 sets of 10 repetitions of plate-loaded barbell parallel back squats at 60% of their one repetition maximum (1RM) with 2 min of recovery between sets). In both studies, eumenorrheic participants were evaluated at three specific moments of the menstrual cycle: early-follicular phase, late-follicular phase and mid-luteal phase; OC users performed the trial at two moments: withdrawal phase and active pill phase. Lastly, postmenopausal women were only tested once, since their hormonal status does not fluctuate. The three-step method was used to verify the menstrual cycle phase: calendar counting, blood test confirmation, and urine-based ovulation kits. Blood samples were obtained to measure sex hormones, iron metabolism parameters, and muscle damage related markers. Discussion: IronFEMME Study has been designed to increase the knowledge regarding the influence of sex hormones on some aspects of the exercise-related female physiology. Iron metabolism and exercise-induced muscle damage will be studied considering the different reproductive status present throughout well-trained females’ lifespan. Trial registration The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04458662 on 2 July 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Peinado
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Victor M. Alfaro-Magallanes
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Romero-Parra
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Barba-Moreno
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rael
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Maestre-Cascales
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliane A. Castro
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, 2850 Concepción, Chile
| | - Pedro J. Benito
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Butragueño
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Antonio García-de-Alcaraz
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Jesús J. Rojo
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Calderón
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Bataller
- Department of Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rodríguez-Larrad A, Mañas A, Labayen I, González-Gross M, Espin A, Aznar S, Serrano-Sánchez JA, Vera-Garcia FJ, González-Lamuño D, Ara I, Carrasco-Páez L, Castro-Piñero J, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Márquez S, Tur JA, Gusi N, Benito PJ, Moliner-Urdiales D, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Jiménez-Pavón D, Casajús JA, Irazusta J. Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Spanish University Students: Role of Gender. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:E369. [PMID: 33418907 PMCID: PMC7825050 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, entire populations were instructed to live in home-confinement to prevent the expansion of the disease. Spain was one of the countries with the strictest conditions, as outdoor physical activity was banned for nearly two months. This study aimed to analyse the changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Spanish university students before and during the confinement by COVID-19 with special focus on gender. We also analysed enjoyment, the tools used and motivation and impediments for doing physical activity. An online questionnaire, which included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and certain "ad hoc" questions, was designed. Students were recruited by distributing an invitation through the administrative channels of 16 universities and a total of 13,754 valid surveys were collected. Overall, university students reduced moderate (-29.5%) and vigorous (-18.3%) physical activity during the confinement and increased sedentary time (+52.7%). However, they spent more time on high intensity interval training (HIIT) (+18.2%) and mind-body activities (e.g., yoga) (+80.0%). Adaptation to the confinement, in terms of physical activity, was handled better by women than by men. These results will help design strategies for each gender to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour during confinement periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodríguez-Larrad
- AgeingOn Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.R.-L.); (A.E.)
| | - Asier Mañas
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.M.); (I.A.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Ander Espin
- AgeingOn Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.R.-L.); (A.E.)
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | - José Antonio Serrano-Sánchez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Vera-Garcia
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain;
| | - Domingo González-Lamuño
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.M.); (I.A.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Carrasco-Páez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, 11009 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Mari Carmen Gómez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Márquez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain;
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, IDISBA & CIBEROBN, 07122 Palma, Spain;
| | - Narcis Gusi
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Pedro J. Benito
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Diego Moliner-Urdiales
- LIFE Research Group, Department of Education and Specific Didactics, University Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.R.R.); (F.B.O.)
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.R.R.); (F.B.O.)
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, 11009 Cádiz, Spain;
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Jon Irazusta
- AgeingOn Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.R.-L.); (A.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Benito PJ, Rael B, Barba-Moreno L, Romero-Parra N, Cupeiro R, Swinkels DW, Laarakkers CM, Peinado AB. Menopause Delays the Typical Recovery of Pre-Exercise Hepcidin Levels after High-Intensity Interval Running Exercise in Endurance-Trained Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123866. [PMID: 33348847 PMCID: PMC7766833 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause commonly presents the gradual accumulation of iron in the body over the years, which is a risk factor for diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis, or cardiovascular diseases. Running exercise is known to acutely increase hepcidin levels, which reduces iron absorption and recycling. As this fact has not been studied in postmenopausal women, this study investigated the hepcidin response to running exercise in this population. Thirteen endurance-trained postmenopausal women (age: 51.5 ± 3.89 years; height: 161.8 ± 4.9 cm; body mass: 55.9 ± 3.6 kg; body fat: 24.7 ± 4.2%; peak oxygen consumption: 42.4 ± 4.0 mL·min-1·kg-1) performed a high-intensity interval running protocol, which consisted of 8 × 3 min bouts at 85% of the maximal aerobic speed with 90-second recovery. Blood samples were collected pre-exercise, 0, 3, and 24 hours post-exercise. As expected, hepcidin exhibited higher values at 3 hours post-exercise (3.69 ± 3.38 nmol/L), but also at 24 hours post-exercise (3.25 ± 3.61 nmol/L), in comparison with pre-exercise (1.77 ± 1.74 nmol/L; p = 0.023 and p = 0.020, respectively) and 0 hour post-exercise (2.05 ± 2.00 nmol/L; p = 0.021 and p = 0.032, respectively) concentrations. These differences were preceded by a significant increment of interleukin-6 at 0 hour post-exercise (3.41 ± 1.60 pg/mL) compared to pre-exercise (1.65 ± 0.48 pg/m, p = 0.003), 3 hours (1.50 ± 0.00 pg/mL, p = 0.002) and 24 hours post-exercise (1.52 ± 0.07 pg/mL, p = 0.001). Hepcidin peaked at 3 hours post-exercise as the literature described for premenopausal women but does not seem to be fully recovered to pre-exercise levels within 24 hours post-exercise, as it would be expected. This suggests a slower recovery of basal hepcidin levels in postmenopausal women, suggesting interesting applications in order to modify iron homeostasis as appropriate, such as the prevention of iron accumulation or proper timing of iron supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M. Alfaro-Magallanes
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (B.R.); (L.B.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Pedro J. Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (B.R.); (L.B.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-910-677-866
| | - Beatriz Rael
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (B.R.); (L.B.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Laura Barba-Moreno
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (B.R.); (L.B.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Nuria Romero-Parra
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (B.R.); (L.B.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (B.R.); (L.B.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Dorine W. Swinkels
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML 830), Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.W.S.); (C.M.L.)
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Geert Grooteplein 10 (830), 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Coby M. Laarakkers
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML 830), Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.W.S.); (C.M.L.)
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Geert Grooteplein 10 (830), 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana B. Peinado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (B.R.); (L.B.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cupeiro R, Rojo-Tirado MA, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Artero EG, Peinado AB, Labayen I, Dorado C, Arias-Palencia NM, Moliner-Urdiales D, Vidal-Conti J, Conde-Caveda J, Mora-Gonzalez J, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Benito PJ. The relative age effect on physical fitness in preschool children. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1506-1515. [PMID: 32308131 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1746559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of a relative age effect (RAE) on physical fitness of preschoolers. Anthropometry and physical fitness were assessed in 3147 children (3-5 years old) using the PREFIT battery. Based on the birth year, participants were divided into 3year groups (3-, 4- and 5-years). Within each year group, 4quarter groups were created: quarter 1, preschoolers born from January to March; quarter 2, from April to June; quarter 3, from July to September; quarter 4, from October to December. The MANCOVA analysis revealed a main effect of year group (Wilks' λ = 0.383; F10,5996 = 369.64; p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.381) and of quarter (Wilks' λ = 0.874; F15,8276.6 = 27.67; p < 0.001; ηp 2 = 0.044) over the whole battery of tests. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the existence of RAE at the preschool stage. In general, performance improved as the relative age increased (i.e., those born in quarter 1 performed better than those in the other quarters). Individualization strategies should be addressed within the same academic year not only in elementary or secondary years but also in preschoolers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Cupeiro
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rojo-Tirado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "Promoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (Imuds), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada , Granada, Spain.,Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique G Artero
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería , Almería, Spain.,SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería , Almería, Spain
| | - Ana B Peinado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Dorado
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas De Gran Canaria , Canary Islands, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS) , University of Las Palmas De Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain
| | - Natalia M Arias-Palencia
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad De Castilla- La Mancha , Cuenca, Spain.,School of Education, Universidad De Castilla- La Mancha , Cuenca, Spain
| | - Diego Moliner-Urdiales
- LIFE Research Group, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University Jaume I , Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Conti
- Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Research Group, Universitat De Les Illes Balears , Palma, Spain
| | - Julio Conde-Caveda
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz , Puerto Real, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (Inibica), Research Unit , Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH "Promoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (Imuds), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada , Granada, Spain.,College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón -IA2- (Cita-universidad De Zaragoza), Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD, Huesca, Spain), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Benito PJ, López-Plaza B, Bermejo LM, Peinado AB, Cupeiro R, Butragueño J, Rojo-Tirado MA, González-Lamuño D, Gómez-Candela C. Strength plus Endurance Training and Individualized Diet Reduce Fat Mass in Overweight Subjects: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17072596. [PMID: 32290136 PMCID: PMC7177353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies with overweight people are a priority in order to observe the effect of the timing of intervention on pre-obesity people. The aim was to compare different physical activity programs plus an individualized hypocaloric diet on body composition in overweight subjects. A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in overweight adults with no history of relevant illness. Primary outcome was total fat mass (TFM). Participants were allocated into four activity programs with equal intensity and volume of exercise for 22 weeks: strength training (S), endurance training (E), strength + endurance training (SE), and ‘adhering to physical activity recommendations’ (C). Participants followed a diet with 25% less energy (50%–55% carbohydrates, 30%–35% fat) measured by accelerometer. Variables were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. One hundred nineteen from 205 subjects were randomized in the four exercise groups (S = 30/E = 30/SE = 30/C = 29) and 84 participants (36 men/48 women) ended the intervention (S = 19/E = 25/SE = 22/C = 18). At the end of the experiment, all groups except C increased their total physical activity (S = 1159 ± 1740; E = 1625 ± 1790; SE = 1699 ± 2516; C = 724 ± 1979 MET-min/week). Using an ANOVA-test, improvements were observed in body weight (S = −4.6 ± 4.5; E = −6.6 ± 4.6; SE = −8.5 ± 2.8; C = −6.1 ± 5.6 kg, p = 0.059) and TFM (S = −4.24 ± 2.02; E = −4.74 ± 2.96; SE = −6.74 ± 3.27; C = −3.94 ± 4.18%; p < 0.05). The main conclusion was that there were no adverse events. Strength and endurance training with a balanced, individualized hypocaloric diet was the most effective at reducing weight loss and fat mass in overweight subjects. Trial registration: NCT01116856.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.P.); (R.C.); (J.B.); (M.A.R.-T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-067-7989
| | - Bricia López-Plaza
- Department of Nutrition, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (B.L.-P.); (L.M.B.); (C.G.-C.)
| | - Laura M. Bermejo
- Department of Nutrition, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (B.L.-P.); (L.M.B.); (C.G.-C.)
| | - Ana B. Peinado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.P.); (R.C.); (J.B.); (M.A.R.-T.)
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.P.); (R.C.); (J.B.); (M.A.R.-T.)
| | - Javier Butragueño
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.P.); (R.C.); (J.B.); (M.A.R.-T.)
| | - Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.P.); (R.C.); (J.B.); (M.A.R.-T.)
| | - Domingo González-Lamuño
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Marqués de Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Carmen Gómez-Candela
- Department of Nutrition, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (B.L.-P.); (L.M.B.); (C.G.-C.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cadenas-Sanchez C, Intemann T, Labayen I, Artero EG, Alvarez-Bueno C, Sanchis-Moysi J, Benito PJ, Beltran-Valls MR, Pérez-Bey A, Sanchez-Delgado G, Palou P, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Moreno LA, Ortega FB. Prevalence of severe/morbid obesity and other weight status and anthropometric reference standards in Spanish preschool children: The PREFIT project. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:501-510. [PMID: 30776792 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has become a major health problem in children under the age of 5 years. Providing reference standards would help paediatricians to detect and/or prevent health problems related to both low and high levels of body mass and to central adiposity later in life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of different weight status categories and to provide sex- and age-specific anthropometry reference standards for Spanish preschool children. METHODS A total of 3178 preschool children (4.59±0.87 years old) participated in this study. Prevalence of different degrees of obesity (mild, severe, and morbid) and other weight status categories were determined. RESULTS Reference standards were obtained. Prevalence of overweight and obese preschool children in the Spanish population ranged from 21.4 to 34.8%. Specifically, the obesity prevalence was 3.5, 1.2, and 1.3% of these subjects were categorized as mild, severe, and morbid obese. Sex- and age-specific reference standards for anthropometric parameters are provided for every 0.25 years (i.e. every trimester of life). CONCLUSION Our results show a high prevalence of overweight/obese preschoolers. The provided sex- and age-specific anthropometric reference standards could help paediatricians to track and monitor anthropometric changes at this early stage in order to prevent overweight/obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Timm Intemann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique G Artero
- SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Celia Alvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Joaquin Sanchis-Moysi
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain
| | - Pedro J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Pérez-Bey
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pere Palou
- Department of Pedagogy and Specific Didactics, University of the Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001-Huesca, Spain), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain and Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Merino-De Haro I, Mora-Gonzalez J, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Borras PA, Benito PJ, Chiva-Bartoll O, Torrijos-Niño C, Samaniego-Sánchez C, Quesada-Granados JJ, Sánchez-Delgado A, Dorado-García C, García-Martínez JM, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Labayen I, Ortega FB. Higher socioeconomic status is related to healthier levels of fatness and fitness already at 3 to 5 years of age: The PREFIT project. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:1327-1337. [PMID: 30588878 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1558509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and fatness and fitness in preschoolers. 2,638 preschoolers (3-5 years old; 47.2% girls) participated. SES was estimated from the parental educational and occupational levels, and the marital status. Fatness was assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Physical fitness components were assessed using the PREFIT battery. Preschoolers whose parents had higher educational levels had lower fatness (P < 0.05). BMI significantly differed across occupational levels of each parent (P < 0.05) and WHtR across paternal levels (P = 0.004). Musculoskeletal fitness was different across any SES factor (P < 0.05), except handgrip across paternal occupational levels (P ≥ 0.05). Preschoolers with high paternal occupation had higher speed/agility (P = 0.005), and those with high or low maternal education had higher VO2max (P = 0.046). Odds of being obese and having low musculoskeletal fitness was lower as SES was higher (P < 0.05). Those with married parents had higher cardiorespiratory fitness than single-parent ones (P = 0.010). School-based interventions should be aware of that children with low SES are at a higher risk of obesity and low fitness already in the first years of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Merino-De Haro
- a PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- a PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- a PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Pere A Borras
- b Physical activity and sport sciences research group, Schools for Health Europe Network Research Group , University of the Balearic Islands , Palma , Spain
| | - Pedro J Benito
- c LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Oscar Chiva-Bartoll
- d Department of Education and Specific Didactics, LIFE Research Group , University of Jaume I , Castellón , Spain
| | - Coral Torrijos-Niño
- e Health and Social Research Center , University of Castilla-La Mancha , Cuenca , Spain
| | - Cristina Samaniego-Sánchez
- f Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Sánchez-Delgado
- g Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences , University of Cádiz , Puerto Real , Spain
| | - Cecilia Dorado-García
- h Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Dept Physical Education , Palmas de Gran Canaria University , Las Palmas , Spain
| | - José M García-Martínez
- i Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences , University of Almeria , Almería , Spain.,j SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center , University of Almería , Almería , Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- k GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) research group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001-Huesca, Spain), Department of Physiatry and Nursing , University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- l Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra , Campus de Arrosadía , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- a PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,m Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Balsalobre-Fernández C, Romero-Moraleda B, Cupeiro R, Peinado AB, Butragueño J, Benito PJ. The effects of beetroot juice supplementation on exercise economy, rating of perceived exertion and running mechanics in elite distance runners: A double-blinded, randomized study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200517. [PMID: 29995952 PMCID: PMC6040767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation has been extensively used to increase exercise economy in different populations. However, its use in elite distance runners, and its potential effects on biomechanical aspects of running have not been properly investigated. This study aims to analyze the potential effects of 15 days of beetroot juice supplementation on physiological, psychological and biomechanical variables in elite runners. Methods Twelve elite middle and long-distance runners (age = 26.3 ± 5.1yrs, VO2Max = 71.8±5.2 ml*kg-1*min-1) completed an incremental running test to exhaustion on a treadmill before and after a 15-days supplementation period, in which half of the group (EG) consumed a daily nitrate-rich beetroot juice and the other group (PG) consumed a placebo drink. Time to exhaustion (TEx), running economy, vastus lateralis oxygen saturation (SmO2), leg stiffness and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at 15, 17.1 and 20 km/h during the incremental test. Results Likely to very likely improvements in EG were observed for the RPE (Standardized mean difference (SMD) = -2.17, 90%CI = -3.23, -1.1), SmO2 (SMD = 0.72, 90%CI = 0.03, 1.41) and TEx (SMD = 1.18, 90%CI = -0.14, 2.5) in comparison with PG. No other physiological or biomechanical variable showed substantial improvements after the supplementation period. Conclusions Fifteen days of nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation produced substantial improvements in the time to exhaustion in elite runners; however, it didn’t produce meaningful improvements in running economy, VO2Max or mechanical parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Balsalobre-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, School of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Blanca Romero-Moraleda
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, School of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, School of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Peinado
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, School of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Butragueño
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, School of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Benito
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, School of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Peinado AB, Barba L, Díaz ÁE, Butragueño J, Romero-Parra N, Calderón FJ, Benito PJ, Cupeiro R. Menstrual Cycle Influence on Iron-Status Markers in Female Athletes. IronFEMME Pilot Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000535408.63669.af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Benito PJ, Castro EA, Santos DD, Cupeiro R, Peinado AB. Association Between Body Composition and Physical Activity Behaviors. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536387.29576.4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
21
|
Cupeiro R, Szendrei B, Amigo T, Benito PJ, González-Lamuño D. MCT1 Gene Function on Percentage Fat Responses in Overweight and Obese Humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536608.11552.6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
22
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Men and women may lose weight in a different fashion. This study compares the changes in different anatomical regions after a well-controlled weight loss program by sex and initial BMI. METHODS A total of 180 subjects (48 overweight women, 36 overweight men, and 48 obese women and 48 obese men) were recruited to participate in a 22-week weight loss programme (diet + exercise). RESULTS Regarding percentage body weight change from baseline, there was no triple interaction (BMI, sex and anatomical region), but there was interaction between BMI and anatomical region (F2,840 = 34.5; p < 0.001), and between sex and anatomical region (F2,840 = 98.8; p < 0.001). Usually, the arms and legs are the regions that lose more weight in obese participants, but men lose the highest percentage of mass from the trunk. There were differences between men and women for the areas of left trunk mass (750g), right trunk mass (700g), total mass of the trunk (1400g), android mass (350g), and finally in the total mass in overweight participants (1300g), with higher values for men than for women. The region that loses more weight and fat is the trunk, followed by the legs, and then the arms, when the loss is observed in function of the total weight or fat lost. CONCLUSION Both BMI and sex exert a definite influence fat loss, especially in some anatomical regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Benito
- a LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rocio Cupeiro
- a LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana B Peinado
- a LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Miguel A Rojo
- a LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- b Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders , University of Salerno School of Medicine and Surgery , Salerno , Italy.,c Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine , Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital , London , UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Castro EA, Júdice PB, Silva AM, Teixeira PJ, Benito PJ. Sedentary behavior and compensatory mechanisms in response to different doses of exercise-a randomized controlled trial in overweight and obese adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:1393-1398. [PMID: 28561039 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To examine compensatory changes in sedentary behavior (SB) and light-intensity physical activities (LIPA) in response to a 22-week exercise training program in overweight/obese adults; and to determine if different forms of exercise training and physical activity recommendations interact with these compensatory changes. SUBJECTS/METHODS Eighty-nine overweight and obese individuals (body mass index (BMI): 25-34.9 kg/m2, 48% males), aged 18-50 years, were randomized into four intervention groups (strength, endurance, combined strength + endurance and physical activity recommendations) with a 25-30% caloric restriction of total daily energy expenditure for 22 weeks. Energy expenditure was measured by accelerometry before, during and after the program. RESULTS LIPA increased significantly (P<0.001) after three months and at the end of intervention compared to baseline (pre: 281±9 min; 3 months: 303±9 min; post: 312±8 min). SB percentage decreased by 5.3 at the end of the intervention (P=0.002). No interactions were observed between groups or sexes. Significant correlations were found between SB and body weight, fat mass, android fat mass and lean body mass before and after the intervention (P<0.05). LIPA was also significantly correlated with all these body composition variables in the pre-intervention, but only correlated with body weight at the end of intervention. CONCLUSIONS There were no compensatory changes after a combined exercise and diet program; where minutes in LIPA increased and %SB decreased after the program, without differences among exercise modes. Greater physical activity levels can contribute to a better percentage and distribution of body tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Castro
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P B Júdice
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P J Teixeira
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cadenas-Sanchez C, Intemann T, Artero EG, Sánchez-López M, Moliner-Urdiales D, Castro-Piñero J, Vidal-Conti J, Sanchís-Moysi J, Benito PJ, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Löf M, Labayen I, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB. Assessing Physical FITness In PREschool Children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000518328.54100.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Benito PJ, Alvarez-Sánchez M, Díaz V, Morencos E, Peinado AB, Cupeiro R, Maffulli N. Cardiovascular Fitness and Energy Expenditure Response during a Combined Aerobic and Circuit Weight Training Protocol. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164349. [PMID: 27832062 PMCID: PMC5104360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study describes the oxygen uptake and total energy expenditure (including both aerobic and anaerobic contribution) response during three different circuit weight training (CWT) protocols of equivalent duration composed of free weight exercises, machine exercises, and a combination of free weight exercises intercalating aerobic exercise. DESIGN Controlled, randomized crossover designs. METHODS Subjects completed in a randomized order three circuit weight training protocols of the same duration (3 sets of 8 exercises, 45min 15s) and intensity (70% of 15 repetitions maximum). The circuit protocols were composed of free weight exercises, machine exercises, or a combination of free weight exercises with aerobic exercise. Oxygen consumption and lactate concentration were measured throughout the circuit to estimate aerobic and anaerobic energy expenditure respectively. RESULTS Energy expenditure is higher in the combined exercise protocol (29.9±3.6 ml/kg/min), compared with Freeweight (24.2±2.8ml/kg/min) and Machine (20.4±2.9ml/kg/min). The combined exercise protocol produced the highest total energy expenditure but the lowest lactate concentration and perceived exertion. The anaerobic contribution to total energy expenditure was higher in the machine and free weight protocols compared with the combined exercise protocol (6.2%, 4.6% and 2.3% respectively). CONCLUSIONS In the proposed protocols, the combined exercise protocol results in the highest oxygen consumption. Total energy expenditure is related to the type of exercise included in the circuit. Anaerobic contributions to total energy expenditure during circuit weight training may be modest, but lack of their estimation may underestimate total energy expenditure. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01116856.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Benito
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Alvarez-Sánchez
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Víctor Díaz
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Morencos
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Francisco de Vitoria University, Exercise and Sport Sciences, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. Peinado
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Cupeiro
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- University of Salerno School of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Salerno, Italy
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, England, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Peinado AB, Filho DP, Díaz V, Benito PJ, Álvarez-Sánchez M, Zapico AG, Calderón FJ. The midpoint between ventilatory thresholds approaches maximal lactate steady state intensity in amateur cyclists. Biol Sport 2016; 33:373-380. [PMID: 28090142 PMCID: PMC5143771 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1221812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to determine whether the midpoint between ventilatory thresholds (MPVT) corresponds to maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Twelve amateur cyclists (21.0 ± 2.6 years old; 72.2 ± 9.0 kg; 179.8 ± 7.5 cm) performed an incremental test (25 W·min-1) until exhaustion and several constant load tests of 30 minutes to determine MLSS, on different occasions. Using MLSS determination as the reference method, the agreement with five other parameters (MPVT; first and second ventilatory thresholds: VT1 and VT2; respiratory exchange ratio equal to 1: RER = 1.00; and Maximum) was analysed by the Bland-Altman method. The difference between workload at MLSS and VT1, VT2, RER=1.00 and Maximum was 31.1 ± 20.0, -86.0 ± 18.3, -63.6 ± 26.3 and -192.3 ± 48.6 W, respectively. MLSS was underestimated from VT1 and overestimated from VT2, RER = 1.00 and Maximum. The smallest difference (-27.5 ± 15.1 W) between workload at MLSS and MPVT was in better agreement than other analysed parameters of intensity in cycling. The main finding is that MPVT approached the workload at MLSS in amateur cyclists, and can be used to estimate maximal steady state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Peinado
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dm Pessôa Filho
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; College of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru (SP), Brazil
| | - V Díaz
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P J Benito
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Álvarez-Sánchez
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A G Zapico
- School of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F J Calderón
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rojo-Tirado MA, Benito PJ, Peinado AB, Zapico AG, Calderón FJ. Discriminant models to estimate the body weight loss after a six-month long diet and exercise-based intervention. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2016; 56:79-84. [PMID: 25650733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main concern of the people who follow a weight loss program is the body weight loss, independently of the body composition. The aim of this study was to create a mathematical model able to discriminate the body weight change based on initial body composition variables. METHODS The study included 239 overweight and obese participants (18-50 years; Body Mass Index (BMI)>25 and <34.9 kg/m2). Participants performed an endrance, strength or a combined endurance and strength training three times per week, or followed the American College of Sports Medicine physical activity guidelines for body weight loss, during twenty-four weeks while having 25-30% caloric restriction. Two multivariate discriminant models were performed taking into account the groups below and above the mean body weight change. RESULTS The discriminant models obtained could discriminate the body weight change with a 65-70% of correct classification. BW, fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass (FM) were shown to be the most discriminant variables for the discriminant models. CONCLUSIONS People having higher FM and FFM at the beginning of an intervention will lose a greater amount of weight until the end of it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Rojo-Tirado
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain -
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vanhelst J, Béghin L, Duhamel A, Manios Y, Molnar D, De Henauw S, Moreno LA, Ortega FB, Sjöström M, Widhalm K, Gottrand F, Moreno LA, Gottrand F, De Henauw S, González-Gross M, Gilbert C, Kafatos A, Moreno LA, Libersa C, De Henauw S, Sánchez J, Gottrand F, Kersting M, Sjöstrom M, Molnár D, González-Gross M, Dallongeville J, Gilbert C, Hall G, Maes L, Scalfi L, Meléndez P, Moreno LA, Fleta J, Casajús JA, Rodríguez G, Tomás C, Mesana MI, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Villarroya A, Gil CM, Ara I, Revenga J, Lachen C, Alvira JF, Bueno G, Lázaro A, Bueno O, León JF, Garagorri JM, Bueno M, Rey López JP, Iglesia I, Velasco P, Bel S, Marcos A, Wärnberg J, Nova E, Gómez S, Díaz EL, Romeo J, Veses A, Puertollano MA, Zapatera B, Pozo T, Martínez D, Beghin L, Libersa C, Gottrand F, Iliescu C, Von Berlepsch J, Kersting M, Sichert-Hellert W, Koeppen E, Molnar D, Erhardt E, Csernus K, Török K, Bokor S, Angster M, Nagy E, Kovács O, Repásy J, Kafatos A, Codrington C, Plada M, Papadaki A, Sarri K, Viskadourou A, Hatzis C, Kiriakakis M, Tsibinos G, Vardavas C, Sbokos M, Protoyeraki E, Fasoulaki M, Stehle P, Pietrzik K, González-Gross M, Breidenassel C, Spinneker A, Al-Tahan J, Segoviano M, Berchtold A, Bierschbach C, Blatzheim E, Schuch A, Pickert P, Castillo MJ, Gutiérrez Á, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Artero EG, España-Romero V, Jiménez-Pavón D, Chillón P, Cuenca-García M, Arcella D, Azzini E, Barrison E, Bevilacqua N, Buonocore P, Catasta G, Censi L, Ciarapica D, D'Acapito P, Ferrari M, Galfo M, Le Donne C, Leclercq C, Maiani G, Mauro B, Mistura L, Pasquali A, Piccinelli R, Polito A, Spada R, Sette S, Zaccaria M, Scalfi L, Vitaglione P, Montagnese C, De Bourdeaudhuij I, De Henauw S, De Vriendt T, Maes L, Matthys C, Vereecken C, de Maeyer M, Ottevaere C, Huybrechts I, Widhalm K, Phillipp K, Dietrich S, Kubelka B, Boriss-Riedl M, Manios Y, Grammatikaki E, Bouloubasi Z, Cook TL, Eleutheriou S, Consta O, Moschonis G, Katsaroli I, Kraniou G, Papoutsou S, Keke D, Petraki I, Bellou E, Tanagra S, Kallianoti K, Argyropoulou D, Kondaki K, Tsikrika S, Karaiskos C, Dallongeville J, Meirhaeghe A, Sjöstrom M, Bergman P, Hagströmer M, Hallström L, Hallberg M, Poortvliet E, Wärnberg J, Rizzo N, Beckman L, Wennlöf AH, Patterson E, Kwak L, Cernerud L, Tillgren P, Sörensen S, Sánchez-Molero J, Picó E, Navarro M, Viadel B, Carreres JE, Merino G, Sanjuán R, Lorente M, Sánchez MJ, Castelló S, Gilbert C, Thomas S, Allchurch E, Burguess P, Hall G, Astrom A, Sverkén A, Broberg A, Masson A, Lehoux C, Brabant P, Pate P, Fontaine L, Sebok A, Kuti T, Hegyi A, Maldonado C, Llorente A, García E, von Fircks H, Hallberg ML, Messerer M, Larsson M, Fredriksson H, Adamsson V, Börjesson I, Fernández L, Smillie L, Wills J, González-Gross M, Meléndez A, Benito PJ, Calderón J, Jiménez-Pavón D, Valtueña J, Navarro P, Urzanqui A, Albers U, Pedrero R, Gómez Lorente JJ. Physical Activity Is Associated with Attention Capacity in Adolescents. J Pediatr 2016; 168:126-131.e2. [PMID: 26480921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationships among physical activity, measured objectively, and attention capacity in European adolescents. STUDY DESIGN The study included 273 adolescents, aged 12.5-17.5 years, who participated in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Study. Participants wore a uniaxial accelerometer for 7 days to measure physical activity. The d2 Test of Attention was administered to assess attention capacity. Multivariate analyses were used to study the association of attention capacity with each measure of physical activity. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine thresholds that best discriminate between low and good attention capacity. RESULTS After controlling for potential confounding variables (age, sex, body mass index, parental educational level, fat mass, aerobic fitness, and center), adolescents' attention capacity test performances were significantly and positively associated with longer time spent in moderate or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in free-living conditions (P < .05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed that the physical activity thresholds that best discriminated between low/good attention capacities were ≥41 min·day(-1) for moderate, ≥12 min·day(-1) for vigorous, and ≥58 min·day(-1) for MVPA. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that promoting MVPA may be have a beneficial effect on attention capacity, an important component of cognition, in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Vanhelst
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, LIRIC, UMR995, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, INSERM, CIC-PT-1403, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Laurent Béghin
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, LIRIC, UMR995, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, INSERM, CIC-PT-1403, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alain Duhamel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Denes Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sefaan De Henauw
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development Research Group, Escuela Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Sjöström
- Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, LIRIC, UMR995, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Szendrei B, González-Lamuño D, Amigo T, Wang G, Pitsiladis Y, Benito PJ, Gomez-Candela C, Calderón FJ, Cupeiro R. Influence of ADRB2 Gln27Glu and ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphisms on body weight and body composition changes after a controlled weight-loss intervention. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 41:307-14. [PMID: 26888112 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The β-2 and β-3 adrenergic receptors (ADRB2 and ADRB3) are thought to play a role in energy expenditure and lipolysis. However, the effects of the ADRB2 glutamine (Gln) 27 glutamic acid (glutamate) (Glu) and ADRB3 tryptophan (Trp) 64 arginine (Arg) polymorphisms on weight loss remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of these polymorphisms on changes in weight and body composition during a controlled weight-loss program. One hundred seventy-three healthy overweight and obese participants (91 women, 82 men) aged 18-50 years participated in a 22-week-long intervention based on a hypocaloric diet and exercise. They were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: strength, endurance, strength and endurance combined, and physical activity recommendations only. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), and body composition variables were assessed before and after the intervention. Genetic analysis was carried out according to standard protocols. No effect of the ADRB2 gene was shown on final weight, BMI, or body composition, although in the supervised male group, Glu27 carriers tended to have greater weight (p = 0.019, 2.5 kg) and BMI (p = 0.019, 0.88 kg/m(2)) reductions than did noncarriers. There seems to be an individual effect of the ADRB3 polymorphism on fat mass (p = 0.004) and fat percentage (p = 0.036), in addition to an interaction with exercise for fat mass (p = 0.038). After the intervention, carriers of the Arg64 allele had a greater fat mass and fat percentage than did noncarriers (p = 0.004, 2.8 kg). In conclusion, the ADRB2 Gln27Glu and ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphisms may influence weight loss and body composition, although the current evidence is weak; however, further studies are necessary to clarify their roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Szendrei
- a Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro 7. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo González-Lamuño
- b Laboratory of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain.,c Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria -IDIVAL, Marqués de Valdecilla Research Institute, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Teresa Amigo
- b Laboratory of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Guan Wang
- d FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Welkin Science Laboratories, 30 Carlisle Road, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- d FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Welkin Science Laboratories, 30 Carlisle Road, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK
| | - Pedro J Benito
- a Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro 7. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gomez-Candela
- e Nutrition Department, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute, University Autonoma of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana, 261.28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Calderón
- a Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro 7. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- a Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro 7. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Benito PJ, Bermejo LM, Peinado AB, López-Plaza B, Cupeiro R, Szendrei B, Calderón FJ, Castro EA, Gómez-Candela C. Change in weight and body composition in obese subjects following a hypocaloric diet plus different training programs or physical activity recommendations. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:1006-13. [PMID: 25722378 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00928.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of different physical activity programs, in combination with a hypocaloric diet, on anthropometric variables and body composition in obese subjects. Ninety-six obese (men: n = 48; women: n = 48; age range: 18-50 yr) participated in a supervised 22-wk program. They were randomized into four groups: strength training (S; n = 24), endurance training (E; n = 26), combined strength + endurance training (SE; n = 24), and physical activity recommendations (C; n = 22). In addition, all groups followed the same hypocaloric diet. At baseline and at the end of the intervention, dietetic and physical activity variables were assessed using validated questionnaires. Anthropometric variables were recorded along with body composition variables measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry techniques. At the end of the intervention, significant improvements were seen within groups in terms of body weight (S: -9.21 ± 0.83 kg; E: -10.55 ± 0.80 kg; SE: -9.88 ± 0.85 kg; C: -8.69 ± 0.89 kg), and total fat mass (S: -5.24 ± 0.55%; E: -5.35 ± 0.55%; SE: -4.85 ± 0.56%; C: -4.89 ± 0.59%). No differences were seen between groups at this time in terms of any other anthropometric or body composition variables examined. All groups increased their total physical activity in metabolic equivalents (MET) per week during the intervention, but with no difference between groups (S: 976 ± 367 MET-min/wk; E: 954 ± 355 MET-min/wk; SE: 1 329 ± 345 MET-min/wk; C: 763 ± 410 MET-min/wk). This study shows that, when combined with a hypocaloric diet, exercise training and adherence to physical activity recommendations are equally effective at reducing body weight and modifying body composition in the treatment of obesity (Clinical Trials Gov. number: NCT01116856).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Benito
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Esfuerzo Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M Bermejo
- Department of Nutrition, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Ana B Peinado
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Esfuerzo Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Bricia López-Plaza
- Department of Nutrition, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Esfuerzo Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Barbara Szendrei
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Esfuerzo Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Calderón
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Esfuerzo Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliane A Castro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Esfuerzo Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez-Candela
- Department of Nutrition, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Benito PJ, Pedrero-Chamizo R, Ara I, González-Gross M. Physical activity assessment in the general population; instrumental methods and new technologies. NUTR HOSP 2015; 31 Suppl 3:219-26. [PMID: 25719789 DOI: 10.3305/nh.2015.31.sup3.8769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective measurement of human movement and the quantification of energy expenditure due to physical activity is an identified need in both research and the clinical setting. Validated and well-defined reference methods (double labelled water, direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry) are expensive and mostly limited to the laboratory setting. Therefore, in the last years, several objective measurement devices have been developed which are appropriate for field studies and clinical settings. There is no gold standard among them, as all have limitations. Pedometers are small, non-expensive, count the steps taken and give information on total physical activity, but not about physical activity patterns and behaviour. Accelerometers are expensive, save information about frequency and intensity of physical activity, but not about type of physical activity. Both pedometers and accelerometers only save information about lower body movement, but reliability about the estimation of energy expenditure is limited. Heart rate monitoring relates intensity to energy expenditure, but gives no information about physical activity. GPS watches are portable, relatively inexpensive, non-invasive and provide distance, speed, and elevation with exact time and location, but are maybe limited for the assessment of brief higher speed movement and energy expenditure. Combined motion sensors combine accelerometry with the measurement of physiological variables and share advantages of single devices and are more precise. Manufacturer software which applies activity-specific algorithms for the calculation of energy expenditure can affect energy expenditure results. Most of the devices estimate energy expenditure more accurately at light to moderate intensities; underestimation increases at very light and higher intensity activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza
- ImFINE Research Group. Technical University of Madrid. Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF. Technical University of Madrid
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- ImFINE Research Group. Technical University of Madrid. Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF. Technical University of Madrid
| | - Pedro J Benito
- Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF. Technical University of Madrid. EFISAF Research Group. Technical University of Madrid
| | - Raquel Pedrero-Chamizo
- ImFINE Research Group. Technical University of Madrid. Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF. Technical University of Madrid
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group. University of Castilla La Mancha
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group. Technical University of Madrid. Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF. Technical University of Madrid. CIBERobn CB 12/03/30038 (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición). Spain..
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rossignoli I, Benito PJ, Herrero AJ. Reliability of infrared thermography in skin temperature evaluation of wheelchair users. Spinal Cord 2014; 53:243-248. [PMID: 25420493 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2014.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Test-retest reliability analysis segmented by body parts. OBJECTIVES To examine the reliability of infrared thermography (IRT) in wheelchair users (WCUs), as a noninvasive and risk-free technique to detect the natural thermal radiation emitted by human skin and to allow subsequent interpretations of temperature distributions. SETTING Research Center on Physical Disability of Valladolid, ASPAYM Castilla y León Foundation, Spain. METHODS Twenty-four manual WCUs (22 men, 2 women) participated in this study. Skin temperature (Tsk) of 16 and 20 areas of the front and rear upper body, respectively, were measured using an infrared camera. Two thermographic images were recorded in each session during two days separated by 24 h. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, intraclass correlation coefficients, coefficients of variation and side-to-side skin temperature differences (δTsk). RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficient produced values ranging from 15 to 95 for the various regions of interest. The coefficient of variation ranged between 1.05-6.18%. The mean Tsk of the front upper body was 31.92 °C, and that of the rear upper body was 31.77 °C. The total δTsk was 0.09±0.44°C, r=0.583. CONCLUSION The reliability of IRT varies depending on the analyzed areas. IRT is a noninvasive and noncontact technique that allows measuring the temperature of the skin, with which to advance in WCU research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Rossignoli
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Paralympic Committee, Bonn, Germany.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center on Physical Disability, ASPAYM Castilla y León Foundation, Valladolid, Spain
| | - P J Benito
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A J Herrero
- Research Center on Physical Disability, ASPAYM Castilla y León Foundation, Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Peinado AB, Benito PJ, Barriopedro M, Lorenzo I, Maffulli N, Calderón FJ. Heart rate recovery in elite Spanish male athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2014; 54:264-270. [PMID: 24739288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM During postexercise recovery, heart rate (HR) initially falls rapidly, followed by a period of slower decrease, until resting values are reached. The aim of the present work was to examine the differences in the recovery heart rate (RHR) between athletes engaged in static and dynamic sports. METHODS The study subjects were 294 federated sportsmen competing at the national and international level in sports classified using the criteria of Mitchell et al. as either prevalently static (N.=89) or prevalently dynamic (N.=205). Within the dynamic group, the subjects who practised the most dynamic sports were assigned to further subgroups: triathlon (N.=20), long distance running (N.=58), cycling (N.=28) and swimming (N.=12). All athletes were subjected to a maximum exertion stress test and their HR recorded at 1, 2, 3 and 4 min (RHR1,2,3,4) into the HR recovery period. The following indices of recovery (IR) were then calculated: IR1=(HRpeak-RHR1,2,3,4)/(HRmax-HRrest)*100, IR2=(HRpeak-RHR1,2,3,4)/(HRmax/HRpeak), and IR3=HRpeak-RHR1,2,3,4. The differences in the RHR and IR for the static and dynamic groups were examined using two way ANOVA. RESULTS The RHR at minutes 2 (138.7±15.2 vs. 134.8±14.4 beats·min⁻¹) and 3 (128.5±15.2 vs. 123.3±14.4 beats·min⁻¹) were significantly higher for the static group (Group S) than the dynamic group (Group D), respectively. Significant differences were seen between Group D and S with respect to IR1 at minutes 1 (26.4±8.7 vs. 24.8±8.4%), 2 (43.8±8.1 vs. 41.5±7.8%), 3 (52.1±8.3 vs. 49.1±8%) and 4 (56.8±8.6 vs. 55.4±7.4%) of recovery. For IR2, significant differences were seen between the same groups at minutes 2 (59.7±12.5 vs. 55.9±10.8 beats·min⁻¹) and 3 (71.0±13.5 vs. 66.1±11.4 beats·min⁻¹) of recovery. Finally, for IR3, the only significant difference between Group D and S was recorded at minute 3 of recovery (72.2±12.5 vs. 66.2±11.5 beats·min⁻¹). CONCLUSION This work provides information on RHR of a large population of elite Spanish athletes, and shows marked differences in the way that HR recovers in dynamic and static sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Peinado
- Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento Humano, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Marcos A, Manonelles P, Palacios N, Wärnberg J, Casajús JA, Pérez M, Aznar S, Benito PJ, Martínez-Gomez D, Ortega FB, Ortega E, Urrialde R. Physical activity, hydration and health. NUTR HOSP 2014; 29:1224-39. [PMID: 24972459 DOI: 10.3305/nh.2014.29.6.7624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of mankind, man has sought ways to promote and preserve health as well as to prevent disease. Hydration, physical activity and exercise are key factors for enhancing human health. However, either a little dose of them or an excess can be harmful for health maintenance at any age. Water is an essential nutrient for human body and a major key to survival has been to prevent dehydration. However, there is still a general controversy regarding the necessary amount to drink water or other beverages to properly get an adequate level of hydration. In addition, up to now the tools used to measure hydration are controversial. To this end, there are several important groups of variables to take into account such as water balance, hydration biomarkers and total body water. A combination of methods will be the most preferred tool to find out any risk or situation of dehydration at any age range. On the other hand, physical activity and exercise are being demonstrated to promote health, avoiding or reducing health problems, vascular and inflammatory disea ses and helping weight management. Therefore, physical activity is also being used as a pill within a therapy to promote health and reduce risk diseases, but as in the case of drugs, dose, intensity, frequency, duration and precautions have to be evaluated and taken into account in order to get the maximum effectiveness and success of a treatment. On the other hand, sedentariness is the opposite concept to physical activity that has been recently recognized as an important factor of lifestyle involved in the obesogenic environment and consequently in the risk of the non-communicable diseases. In view of the literature consulted and taking into account the expertise of the authors, in this review a Decalogue of global recommendations is included to achieve an adequate hydration and physical activity status to avoid overweight/obesity consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ascensión Marcos
- Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition. Spanish National Research Council. Spain..
| | | | - Nieves Palacios
- Unit of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition. Centre of Sport Medicine. High Sport Council. Spain..
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Faculty of Medicine. University of Malaga. Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain..
| | - José A Casajús
- School of Health Sciences and Sport. University of Zaragoza. Spain..
| | - Margarita Pérez
- School of Health Sciences. European University of Madrid. Spain..
| | - Susana Aznar
- School of Sport Sciences. University of Castilla-La Mancha. Spain..
| | - Pedro J Benito
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences.. Technical University of Madrid. Spain..
| | - David Martínez-Gomez
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid. Spain..
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Szendrei B, Cupeiro R, Amigo T, Gonzalez-Lamuno D, Benito PJ, Calderon FJ. Controlled Exercise As A Tool For Preventing Obesity And Metabolic Diseases In Arg64 Carrier Women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000493510.49377.7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
36
|
Morencos E, Romero B, Peinado AB, González-Gross M, Fernández C, Gómez-Candela C, Benito PJ. Effects of dietary restriction combined with different exercise programs or physical activity recommendations on blood lipids in overweight adults. NUTR HOSP 2013; 27:1916-27. [PMID: 23588439 DOI: 10.3305/nh.2012.27.6.6057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Many exercise studies, although generally showing the beneficial effects of supervised aerobic, resistance or combined exercise on blood lipids, have sometimes reached equivocal conclusions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of different programs that combined exercise and dietary restriction on blood lipids versus a clinical practice intervention for weight loss, in overweight adults. METHODS For this study 66 subjects participated in a supervised 22 weeks training program, composed of three sessions per week and they were randomized in three groups: strength training (S; n = 19), endurance training (E; n = 25), a combination of E and S (SE; n = 22). Eighteen subjects served as physical activity group (PA) that followed a clinical intervention consisted of physical activity recommendations. All groups followed the same dietary treatment, and blood samples were obtained for lipids measurements, at the beginning and end of the study. RESULTS Lipid profile improved in all groups. No significant differences for baseline and post-training values were observed between groups. In general, SE and PA decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values (p < 0.01). S decreased triglyceride levels (p < 0.01) and E, SE, and PA decreased total cholesterol levels (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that an intervention program of supervised exercise combined with diet restriction did not achieved further improvements in blood lipid profile than diet restriction and physical activity recommendations, in overweight adults. (Clinical Trials gov number: NCT01116856).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Morencos
- Department of Health and Human Performance, School of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Maroto-Sánchez B, Valtueña J, Albers U, Benito PJ, González-Gross M. [Acute physical exercise increases homocysteine concentrations in young trained male subjects]. NUTR HOSP 2013; 28:325-32. [PMID: 23822682 DOI: 10.3305/nh.2013.28.2.6300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High levels of homocysteine (Hcy) have been identified as a cardiovascular risk factor. Regarding physical exercise, the results are contradictory. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the influence of maximal intensity exercise and submaximal constant exercise on total serum homocysteine concentrations (tHcy) and other related parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten physically active male subjects (mean age: 23.51 ± 1.84), performed two treadmill tests, a maximal test and a stable submaximal test at an intensity of 65% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Serum concentrations of tHcy, Folate, Vitamin B12 and creatinine were analysed before and after each test. RESULTS Significant increase in serum tHcy concentrations after the maximal (p < 0.05) and submaximal (p < 0.01) tests were observed. Folate and vitamin B12 concentrations also increased significantly after both tests (p < 0.05). Creatinine levels increased only after the maximal test (p < 0.001). A statistically significant inverse relationship was found between folate and tHcy concentrations (p < 0.05) at all the measurement points. CONCLUSION THcy levels increased significantly after acute exercise in both maximum and submaximal intensity exercises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Maroto-Sánchez
- Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento Humano, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, España
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Peinado AB, Rojo-Tirado MA, Benito PJ. [Sugar and exercise: its importance in athletes]. NUTR HOSP 2013; 28 Suppl 4:48-56. [PMID: 23834092 DOI: 10.3305/nh.2013.28.sup4.6796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle glycogen, the predominant form of stored glucose in the body, and blood glucose are the main energy substrates for muscle contraction during exercise. Sucrose is an ideal substance for athletes to incorporate because it provides both glucose and fructose. Therefore, it is essential that athletes monitor their diet to maintain and increase muscle glycogen deposits, since they are a major limiting factor of prolonged exercise performance. Carbohydrate-rich diets are also recommended for endurance and ultra-endurance exercise, because they are associated with increased muscle glycogen stores, as well as delayed onset of fatigue. In addition, high carbohydrate diets and carbohydrate intake before and during exercise have shown to be beneficial due to increased concentrations of hepatic glycogen and maintenance of blood glucose. The effect of carbohydrate intake on athletic performance mainly depends on the characteristics of the exercise, the type and amount of carbohydrate ingested and the time of intake. A combination of these factors must be taken into account when analysing individual athletic performance.
Collapse
|
39
|
Rojo-Tirado MA, Benito PJ, Atienza D, Rincón E, Calderón FJ. Effects of age, sex, and treatment on weight-loss dynamics in overweight people. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:967-76. [PMID: 23905663 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate how sex, age, and the kind of treatment followed affect weight loss in overweight men and women, as well as to develop an explanation for the evolution of weight-loss dynamics. The study consisted of 119 overweight participants (18-50 years old, body mass index >25 and <29.9 kg·m(-2)), who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment programs, namely, strength training (n = 30), endurance training (n = 30), a combination of strength training and endurance training (n = 30), and a careful treatment including diet and physical recommendations (n = 29). Each of the training groups exercised 3 times per week for 24 weeks, and their daily diet was restricted to a specific protocol during the testing period and controlled carefully. Body weight changes in the participants were evaluated every 15 days. Based on this study, we developed and validated different sets of equations to accurately capture the weight-loss dynamics. There were no significant differences in terms of global body weight changes from the statistical viewpoint, either regarding the carried out treatment or the individuals' ages. However, significant differences in weight-loss tendency were found depending on participant sex. We concluded that the effectiveness of different possible treatments for weight loss varies by sex and, based on our experimental observations, a quadratic function provides the most accurate model for capturing specific weight-loss dynamics. This trial is registered at Clinical Trials Gov.: number NCT01116856.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Rojo-Tirado
- a Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Díaz V, Peinado AB, Vleck VE, Alvarez-Sánchez M, Benito PJ, Alves FB, Calderón FJ, Zapico AG. Longitudinal changes in response to a cycle-run field test of young male national "talent identification" and senior elite triathlon squads. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26:2209-19. [PMID: 21997447 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31823a3c6b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the changes in cardiorespiratory response and running performance of 9 male "Talent Identification" (TID) and 6 male Senior Elite (SE) Spanish National Squad triathletes during a specific cycle-run (C-R) test. The TID and SE triathletes (initial age 15.2 ± 0.7 vs. 23.8 ± 5.6 years, p = 0.03; V(O2)max 77.0 ± 5.6 vs. 77.8 ± 3.6 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1), nonsignificant) underwent 3 tests through the competitive period and the preparatory period, respectively, of 2 consecutive seasons: test 1 was an incremental cycle test to determine the ventilatory threshold (Th(vent)); test 2 (C-R) was 30-minute constant load cycling at the Th(vent) power output followed by a 3-km time-trial run; and test 3 (isolated control run [R]) was an isolated 3-km time-trial control run, in randomized counterbalanced order. In both seasons, the time required to complete the C-R 3-km run was greater than for R in TID (11:09 ± 00:24 vs. 10:45 ± 00:16 min:ss, p < 0.01 and 10:24 ± 00:22 vs. 10:04 ± 00:14, p = 0.006, for season 2005-2006 and 2006-2007, respectively) and SE (10:15 ± 00:19 vs. 09:45 ± 00:30, p < 0.001 and 09:51 ± 00:26 vs. 09:46 ± 00:06, p = 0.02 for season 2005-2006 and 2006-2007, respectively). Compared with the first season, the completion of the time-trial run was faster in the second season (6.6%, p < 0.01 and 6.4%, p < 0.01, for C-R and R tests, respectively) only in TID. Changes in post cycling run performance were accompanied by changes in pacing strategy, but there were only slight or nonsignificant changes in the cardiorespiratory response. Thus, the negative effect of cycling on performance may persist, independently of the period, over 2 consecutive seasons in TID and SE triathletes; however, improvements over time suggests that monitoring running pacing strategy after cycling may be a useful tool to control performance and training adaptations in TID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Díaz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zürich and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zapico AG, Benito PJ, González-Gross M, Peinado AB, Morencos E, Romero B, Rojo-Tirado MA, Cupeiro R, Szendrei B, Butragueño J, Bermejo M, Alvarez-Sánchez M, García-Fuentes M, Gómez-Candela C, Bermejo LM, Fernandez-Fernandez C, Calderón FJ. Nutrition and physical activity programs for obesity treatment (PRONAF study): methodological approach of the project. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:1100. [PMID: 23259716 PMCID: PMC3577471 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, scientific consensus exists on the multifactorial etiopatogenia of obesity. Both professionals and researchers agree that treatment must also have a multifactorial approach, including diet, physical activity, pharmacology and/or surgical treatment. These two last ones should be reserved for those cases of morbid obesities or in case of failure of the previous ones. The aim of the PRONAF study is to determine what type of exercise combined with caloric restriction is the most appropriate to be included in overweigth and obesity intervention programs, and the aim of this paper is to describe the design and the evaluation methods used to carry out the PRONAF study. METHODS/DESIGN One-hundred nineteen overweight (46 males) and 120 obese (61 males) subjects aged 18-50 years were randomly assigned to a strength training group, an endurance training group, a combined strength + endurance training group or a diet and physical activity recommendations group. The intervention period was 22 weeks (in all cases 3 times/wk of training for 22 weeks and 2 weeks for pre and post evaluation). All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (25-30% less energy intake than the daily energy expenditure estimated by accelerometry). 29-34% of the total energy intake came from fat, 14-20% from protein, and 50-55% from carbohydrates. The mayor outcome variables assesed were, biochemical and inflamatory markers, body composition, energy balance, physical fitness, nutritional habits, genetic profile and quality of life. 180 (75.3%) subjects finished the study, with a dropout rate of 24.7%. Dropout reasons included: personal reasons 17 (28.8%), low adherence to exercise 3 (5.1%), low adherence to diet 6 (10.2%), job change 6 (10.2%), and lost interest 27 (45.8%). DISCUSSION Feasibility of the study has been proven, with a low dropout rate which corresponds to the estimated sample size. Transfer of knowledge is foreseen as a spin-off, in order that overweight and obese subjects can benefit from the results. The aim is to transfer it to sports centres. Effectiveness on individual health-related parameter in order to determine the most effective training programme will be analysed in forthcoming publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01116856.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto G Zapico
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Technical University of Madrid, C/Martín Fierro 7, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cupeiro R, González-Lamuño D, Amigo T, Peinado AB, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Benito PJ. Influence of the MCT1-T1470A polymorphism (rs1049434) on blood lactate accumulation during different circuit weight trainings in men and women. J Sci Med Sport 2012; 15:541-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
43
|
Rabadán M, Díaz V, Calderón FJ, Benito PJ, Peinado AB, Maffulli N. Physiological determinants of speciality of elite middle- and long-distance runners. J Sports Sci 2011; 29:975-82. [PMID: 21604227 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2011.571271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine which physiological variables predict excellence in middle- and long-distance runners. Forty middle-distance runners (age 23 ± 4 years, body mass 67.2 ± 5.9 kg, stature 1.80 ± 0.05 m, VO(2max) 65.9 ± 4.5 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)) and 32 long-distance runners (age 25 ± 4 years, body mass 59.8 ± 5.1 kg, stature 1.73 ± 0.06 m, VO(2max) 71.6 ± 5.0 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)) competing at international standard performed an incremental running test to exhaustion. Expired gas analysis was performed breath-by-breath and maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) and two ventilatory thresholds (VT(1) and VT(2)) were calculated. Long-distance runners presented a higher VO(2max) than middle-distance runners when expressed relative to body mass (P < 0.001, d = 1.18, 95% CI [0.68, 1.68]). At the intensities corresponding to VT(1) and VT(2), long-distance runners showed higher values for VO(2) expressed relative to body mass or %VO(2max), speed and oxygen cost of running (P < 0.05). When oxygen uptake was adjusted for body mass, differences between groups were consistent. Logistic binary regression analysis showed that VO(2max) (expressed as l · min(-1) and ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)), VO(2VT2) (expressed as ml · kg(-0.94) · min(-1)), and speed at VT(2) (v(VT2)) categorized long-distance runners. In addition, the multivariate model correctly classified 84.7% of the athletes. Thus, VO(2max), VO(2VT2), and v(VT2) discriminate between elite middle-distance and long-distance runners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rabadán
- Consejo Superior de Deportes, Centre of Sport Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Labayen I, Ruiz JR, Moreno LA, Ortega FB, Beghin L, DeHenauw S, Benito PJ, Diaz LE, Ferrari M, Moschonis G, Kafatos A, Molnar D, Widhalm K, Dallongeville J, Meirhaeghe A, Gottrand F. The effect of ponderal index at birth on the relationships between common LEP and LEPR polymorphisms and adiposity in adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:2038-45. [PMID: 21512510 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of ponderal index (PI) at birth on the relationships between eight common polymorphisms of the leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes and adiposity in adolescents. A total of 823 European adolescents (45.4% girls) aged 14.8 ± 1.4 years were genotyped for the LEP (rs2167270, rs12706832, rs10244329, rs2071045, and rs3828942) and LEPR (rs1137100, rs1137101, and rs8179183) polymorphisms. The PI was calculated from parental reports of birth weight and length. Fat mass index (FMI) was calculated. Analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders. An "adiposity-risk-allele score" based on genotypes at the three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with adolescents' FMI in adolescents within the lower tertile of PI was calculated. The LEP rs10244329 and rs3828942 polymorphisms were associated with higher FMI only in adolescents within the lower PI tertile (+0.55 kg/m(2) per minor T allele, P = 0.040, and +0.58 kg/m(2) per major G allele, P = 0.028, respectively). The LEPR rs8179183 polymorphism was significantly associated with higher FMI in adolescents within the lower PI tertile (+0.87 kg/m(2) per minor C allele, P = 0.006). After correction for multiple comparisons, only the association between the LEPR rs8179183 and FMI persisted. However, each additional risk allele conferred 0.53 kg/m(2) greater FMI in adolescents within the lower tertile of PI (P = 0.008). In conclusion, our results suggest that those adolescents born with lower PI could be more vulnerable to the influence of the LEP rs10244329 and rs3828942 polymorphisms and LEPR rs8179183 polymorphism on total adiposity content. Due to the relatively small sample size, these findings should be replicated in further larger population samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Labayen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Peinado AB, Benito PJ, Díaz V, González C, Zapico AG, Álvarez M, Maffulli N, Calderón FJ. Discriminant analysis of the speciality of elite cyclists. jhse 2011. [DOI: 10.4100/jhse.2011.63.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
46
|
Abstract
AIMS We assessed the changes in cardiac morphology between elite endurance-trained runners (n = 42) and elite sprinters (n = 34) over a 5-year period. In addition, we studied the relationship between heart size and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max). METHODS At the beginning of 5 consecutive seasons, all athletes underwent an incremental running test to determine VO2 max and a color-coded pulsed Doppler examination to determine baseline echocardiographic variables. We hypothesized that cardiac morphology had reached its upper limit in elite athletes, and showed only minor changes during 5 years of regular training. RESULTS Although all echocardiographic variables remained stable in nearly all sprinters studied, in the endurance runners (who presented higher cardiac cavity dimensions compared with sprinters), variations in heart morphology became evident from the third season, and were within established physiological limits. CONCLUSION Only 6 (17%) endurance runners and 3 (9%) sprinters showed a left ventricular internal diameter of > 60 mm (the threshold pathological value) at end diastole at some point during the observational period. Moreover, no statistically significant association was detected between changes in VO2 max and changes in heart size. After 5 years of intense training, the changes of the echocardiographic variables examined remained different between endurance runners and sprinters.
Collapse
|
47
|
Zapico AG, Díaz V, Benito PJ, Peinado AB, Calderón FJ. [Evolution of the breathing pattern along a training season in elite cyclists]. Rev Invest Clin 2010; 62:433-439. [PMID: 21416731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the evolution of respiratory pattern variables (some of which are representative of central respiratory regulation) in a group of highly trained cyclists through a training season. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten elite cyclists performed three maximal effort tests on a cicloergometer at November (preparatory period), February (precompetitive period) and June (competitive period). These three moments determine the start and end of two main training periods, during which training volume and intensity was monitored. Load (W), heart rate (HR), and oxygen uptake (VO2) was determined at the ventilatory thresholds and the maximum VO2. The relationship between tidal volume and inspiratory time (V(T)/t(I)) was studied in three zones: V(T)/t(I) under 2; 2) V(T)/t(I) between 2 and 4; and 3) V(T)/t(I) over 4. RESULTS Volume and intensity of training significantly increased in the second period of training, but the ventilatory thresholds and VO2 did not perform after the second visit to the laboratory. V(T) did not change in any of the studied zones during the season. The only differences observed were for t(I), between the first and second visit to the lab, for the first zone determined. The V(T)/t(I) relation did not change through the season. CONCLUSION There are no differences due to training in the measured variables in highly trained subjects. Changes in VO(2) and ventilatory thresholds after the first visit can not be attributed to the studied variables of the respiratory pattern of the subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto G Zapico
- Departamento de Expresión Musical y Corporal, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cupeiro R, Benito PJ, Maffulli N, Calderón FJ, González-Lamuño D. MCT1 genetic polymorphism influence in high intensity circuit training: a pilot study. J Sci Med Sport 2009; 13:526-30. [PMID: 19850519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 07/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1) mediates the transport of the main fraction of lactate across the sarcolemma. A common polymorphic MCT1 variant has been identified, but its role in high intensity exercise performance has not been defined. We investigated the influence of MCT1 A1470T polymorphism (rs1049434) on lactate accumulation after high intensity circuit training. Ten men aged 20-26 performed three controlled circuit training (CWT) sessions at 60%, 70%, and 80% of the 15 repetition maximum (15RM), in non-consecutive days. CWT included three sets of a circuit of eight exercises, obtaining lactate measurements immediately after each set had been completed. Two independent variables were analysed: MTC1 genotypes according to the presence or absence of the A1470T polymorphism, and the intensity of circuit training. Genotype distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, being 30% wild-type, 50% heterozygotes, and 20% mutated homozygotes. Mean lactate concentration at 80% of 15RM were significantly higher than the mean lactate values at the other intensities (p<0.01). Significant differences between genetic groups were found in the lactate accumulation slope at 80% of 15RM (p=0.02) and in the maximal lactate concentration reached by all subjects in the study (L(max)) (p=0.03). The carriers of the A1470T polymorphism in the MTC1 gene seem to exhibit a worse lactate transport capability into the less active muscle cells for oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Cupeiro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Picazo MG, Benito PJ, García-Olmo DC. Efficiency and safety of a technique for drawing blood from the hamster cranial vena cava. Lab Anim (NY) 2009; 38:211-6. [PMID: 19455167 DOI: 10.1038/laban0609-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The authors evaluated the efficiency and safety of a technique for drawing blood from the cranial vena cava of the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). They collected blood from Golden Syrian hamsters (n = 15) and from epileptic hamsters (GASH/Sal strain; n = 10) that were anesthetized with isoflurane. Four epileptic hamsters constituted a control group that underwent anesthesia but not blood collection. For blood sampling, a needle connected to a syringe was inserted at a site between 0.2 and 0.6 cm from the manubrium; the depth of insertion was 0.3-1.0 cm. Blood collection was successful in all hamsters except one, and the volume of collected blood ranged from 0.2 ml to 1.5 ml. All hamsters recovered quickly from the procedure, and none showed obvious signs of pain or stress. At necropsy (24 h after the procedure), six subjects showed small local hematomas, and eight showed vascular lacerations of limited severity. Lungs and hearts did not show any damage related to vein puncture. This relatively simple blood collection technique seems to be efficient and safe in hamsters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María G Picazo
- Experimental Research Unit, General University Hospital of Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Di Salvo V, Benito PJ, Calderón FJ, Di Salvo M, Pigozzi F. Activity profile of elite goalkeepers during football match-play. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2008; 48:443-446. [PMID: 18997646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to analyse the activities of a goalkeeper during a match and to identify the distances covered at different velocities between the first and second halves. METHODS Sixty-two goalkeepers belonging to 28 teams in the English Premier League were monitored over 109 matches using the Prozone(R) system. All values are averages and standard deviations. Pearson product moment correlation was used to examine selected bivariate correlation. To analyze the differences in averages, the paired Student t-test was used. The analyses were performed using SPSS (v.13.0; SPSS, Inc. Chicago, IL). The significance level was set at P<0.05. RESULTS Mean total distance covered by the goalkeeper during the match was 5 611+/-613 m. There were no differences between distances covered in the first and second halves. The distance covered at high-intensity was 56+/-34 m, while the distance covered sprinting was 11+/-12 m. The average number of high speed actions was 10+/-6, with a total range between 0 and 40. The goalkeeper walked during 73% of the match, while spending just 2% moving at high-intensity. CONCLUSION The goalkeeper's physical activity was not as great as that of the field players, but the high-intensity actions carried out will be very decisive in the final result of the match.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Di Salvo
- Real Madrid Football Club, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|