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Kwa EK, Cheong SK, Ong LK, Lee PF. Development of audio-guided deep breathing and auditory Go/No-Go task on evaluating its impact on the wellness of young adults: a pilot study. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2024; 69:141-150. [PMID: 37856824 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2023-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous studies indicate that deep breathing (DB) enhances wellbeing. Multiple deep breathing methods exist, but few employ audio to reach similar results. This study developed audio-guided DB and evaluated its immediate impacts on healthy population via self-created auditory Go/No-Go task, tidal volume changes, and psychological measures. METHODS Audio-guided DB with natural sounds to guide the DB was developed. Meanwhile, audio-based Go/No-Go paradigm with Arduino was built to measure the attention level. Thirty-two healthy young adults (n=32) were recruited. Psychological questionnaires (Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)), objective measurements with tidal volume and attention level with auditory Go/No-Go task were conducted before and after 5 min of DB. RESULTS Results showed a significant increment in tidal volume and task reaction time from baseline (p=0.003 and p=0.033, respectively). Significant correlations were acquired between (1) task accuracy with commission error (r=-0.905), (2) CAMS-R with task accuracy (r=-0.425), commission error (r=0.53), omission error (r=0.395) and PSS (r=-0.477), and (3) RSES with task reaction time (r=-0.47), task accuracy (r=-0.362), PSS (r=-0.552) and CAMS-R (r=0.591). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study suggests a link between it and young adults' wellbeing and proposes auditory Go/No-Go task for assessing attention across various groups while maintaining physical and mental wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Keat Kwa
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Poh Foong Lee
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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2
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Chin SP, Marzuki M, Tai L, Mohamed Shahrehan NA, Ricky C, Fanty A, Salleh A, Low CT, Then KY, Hoe SLL, Cheong SK. Dynamic tracking of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) following intravenous administration in mice model. Regen Ther 2024; 25:273-283. [PMID: 38314402 PMCID: PMC10834363 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the past decades, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have sparked interest in cellular therapy due to their immunomodulatory properties. Nevertheless, the fate of hUC-MSCs in the body remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the biodistribution, homing and clearance of systemically administered hUC-MSCs in healthy BALB/c mice model. Methods hUC-MSCs were labelled with GFP-Luc2 protein, followed by characterisation with flow cytometry. Upon intravenous infusion of transduced hUC-MSCs into the healthy BALB/c mice, the cells were dynamically monitored through the bioluminescent imaging (BLI) approach. Results Transduction of hUC-MSCs with GFP-Luc2 not only preserved the characteristics of MSCs, but also allowed live monitoring of transduced cells in the mice model. Upon systemic administration, BLI showed that transduced hUC-MSCs first localised predominantly in the lungs of healthy BALB/c mice and mainly remained in the lungs for up to 3 days before eventually cleared from the body. At terminal sacrifice, plasma chemistry biomarkers remained unchanged except for C-peptide levels, which were significantly reduced in the hUC-MSCs group. Histopathological findings further revealed that hUC-MSCs infusion did not cause any adverse effects and toxicity to lung, liver and heart tissues. Conclusions Collectively, systemically administrated hUC-MSCs was safe and demonstrated dynamic homing capacity before eventually disappearing from the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Piaw Chin
- Cytopeutics Sdn Bhd, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marini Marzuki
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, NIH, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lihui Tai
- Cytopeutics Sdn Bhd, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Christine Ricky
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, NIH, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Audrey Fanty
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, NIH, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Annas Salleh
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chui Thean Low
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, NIH, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Susan Ling Ling Hoe
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, NIH, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Tan GC, Cheong SK. MJP going green. Malays J Pathol 2023; 45:315. [PMID: 38155374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
No abstract available.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Tan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - S K Cheong
- National Cancer Council (MAKNA), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ramalingam V, Cheong SK, Lee PF. Effect of six-week short-duration deep breathing on young adults with chronic ankle instability-a pilot randomized control trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:155. [PMID: 37968738 PMCID: PMC10652500 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is the most common injury in youth sports, which leads to psychological stress from doubting their performance. Cost effective and easy to access tool to reduce the stress among this target group are desired. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding on intervention with short-duration deep breathing (SDDB) alongside with conventional physiotherapy (CP) among young adults with chronic ankle instability (CAI). METHODS Total of 30 CAI participants attended physiotherapy, who were randomly assigned into control and experimental groups. The participants in the experimental group received combined intervention (SDDB + CP), and the control group received CP for 6 weeks. The effectiveness of interventions was assessed at 3 intervals with a battery of questionnaires (Visual Analog Score, Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire) at the end of week 3, week 6, and week 12 as follow-up. A two-way repeated measures of ANOVA was applied to report the statistical significance at p < 0.05. RESULTS The results showed a better improvement in pain, balance, happiness, and mindfulness attention among participants in the experimental group, with a significant improvement in mindful attention over the time point as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The findings provide insight into incorporating SDDB additions to the existing CP for better CAI management. Breathing techniques that improve attention and happiness play a vital role in CAI, which recommends the biopsychosocial approach in chronic injury rehabilitation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials using Clinical Trials Registry under ID number NCT04812158 retrospectively registered on 23/03/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodhkumar Ramalingam
- Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia.
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Poh Foong Lee
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Tai L, Saffery NS, Chin SP, Cheong SK. Secretome profile of TNF-α-induced human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells unveils biological processes relevant to skin wound healing. Regen Med 2023; 18:839-856. [PMID: 37671699 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2023-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To profile and study the proteins responsible for the beneficial effect of the TNF-α-induced human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) secretome in wound healing. Methods: The hUCMSCs secretome was generated with (induced) or without (uninduced) TNF-α and was subsequently analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, immunoassay and in vitro scratch assay. Results: Proteomic analysis revealed approximately 260 proteins, including 51 and 55 unique proteins in the induced and uninduced secretomes, respectively. Gene ontology analysis disclosed that differential proteins in the induced secretome mainly involved inflammation-related terms. The induced secretome, consisting of higher levels of FGFb, VEGF, PDGF and IL-6, significantly accelerated wound closure and enhanced MMP-13 secretion in HaCaT keratinocytes. Conclusion: The secretome from induced hUCMSCs includes factors that promote wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Tai
- Cytopeutics Sdn Bhd, Suite 2-3 2nd floor, Bio-X Centre, Persiaran Cyberpoint Selatan, Cyber 8, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Syazana Saffery
- Cytopeutics Sdn Bhd, Suite 2-3 2nd floor, Bio-X Centre, Persiaran Cyberpoint Selatan, Cyber 8, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sze Piaw Chin
- Cytopeutics Sdn Bhd, Suite 2-3 2nd floor, Bio-X Centre, Persiaran Cyberpoint Selatan, Cyber 8, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Cytopeutics Sdn Bhd, Suite 2-3 2nd floor, Bio-X Centre, Persiaran Cyberpoint Selatan, Cyber 8, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences (MK FMHS), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Sungai Long City Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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Fann RJ, D'Silv EC, Tanusha K, Wong TK, Lee BS, Sathar J, Cheong SK. Acute leukemia and lymphoma in pregnancy, a retrospective study from a tertiary center in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2023; 78:429-436. [PMID: 37518908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most evidence about the management of cancer and hematological malignancy in pregnancy are derived from retrospective observational studies with a small sample size. Availability of sufficiently large data has enabled evidence-based decision-making in this clinical dilemma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective study looking into patients diagnosed with acute leukemia or lymphoma in pregnancy from 1st January 2014 to 1st January 2020 in Ampang General Hospital including newly or previously diagnosed and relapsed disease RESULTS: 37 cases of acute leukemia or lymphoma in pregnancy occurred in 34 patients. Majority of acute leukemia or lymphoma in pregnancy diagnosed in 1st trimester or in the setting of previously established or relapsed disease was therapeutically terminated. Thirteen pregnancies treated with antenatal chemotherapy resulted in livebirths except one stillbirth. More adverse obstetric outcomes are observed in pregnancies that did not receive antenatal chemotherapy, but association did not reach statistical significance. There was no significant difference in fetal outcome between cohort with and without antenatal chemotherapy. No treatment related mortality was observed in pregnancies with antenatal chemotherapy. Overall survival for newly diagnosed acute leukemia in pregnancy is significantly better with antenatal chemotherapy versus no antenatal chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Treatment with chemotherapy in 2nd trimester of pregnancy onwards appears to have tolerable risks with favorable obstetric and fetal outcome. Deferment of treatment for acute leukemia in pregnancy to after delivery may cause increased risk of maternal and fetal adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Fann
- University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Malaysia. ;
| | - E C D'Silv
- Ampang General Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K Tanusha
- Ampang General Hospital, Department of Hematology, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - T K Wong
- Ampang General Hospital, Department of Hematology, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - B S Lee
- University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Malaysia
| | - J Sathar
- Ampang General Hospital, Department of Hematology, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S K Cheong
- University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Malaysia
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Mohd Amin A, Panneerselvan N, Md Noor S, Mohtaruddin N, Sathar J, Norbaya WS, Osman R, Kee LH, Mohd Yaakub WH, Cheong SK, Abdullah M. ENPP4 and HOXA3 as potential leukaemia stem cell markers in acute myeloid leukaemia. Malays J Pathol 2023; 45:65-76. [PMID: 37119247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignant disease with a high degree of treatment failure using chemotherapy. Leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) are CD34+CD38- early progenitors associated with poor prognosis in AML. A unique LSC phenotype that excludes rare normal haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is still elusive. This study aimed to determine expression of selected potential LSC markers in normal and leukaemic myeloid cells and correlate prognosis in AML patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Flow cytometry and RT-qPCR measured expressions of ALDH, IL3RA/CD123, CLEC12A/CLL-1/CD371, HOXA3 and ENPP4. Normal cord blood (n=3) and blood monocytes (n=5) represented HSC and mature cells, respectively. Myeloid leukaemia cell lines (THP-1, KG-1a, K562 and HL-60) represented progenitor cells at various stages of maturation. AML samples included chemo-resistant (n=8), early relapse (n=2) and late relapse (n=18). RESULTS Combining protein/gene expressions, CD34+CD38- was a feature of immature cells seen in cord blood, KG-1a, and K562 but not more mature cells (blood monocytes and HL-60). Normal cells expressed CD371 while mature cells (blood monocytes and HL-60) lacked CD123. ENPP4 was not expressed on normal cells while HOXA3 was expressed only on cord blood and THP-1. In AML, CD123, HOXA3, ENPP4 (but not CD371) were significantly increased in the CD34+CD38- fraction of chemo-resistant patients while ALDH was associated with chemo-resistance. CONCLUSION CD34+CD38- presented an immature phenotype and with ALDH were associated with poor prognosis. CD123, HOXA3 and ENPP4 further enriched the LSC population. ENPP4 has not been reported and has the advantage of not being expressed on HSC and normal monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mohd Amin
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Panneerselvan
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - S Md Noor
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Mohtaruddin
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - J Sathar
- Hospital Ampang, Jalan Mewah Utara, Taman Pandan Mewah, 68000 Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W S Norbaya
- Hospital Ampang, Jalan Mewah Utara, Taman Pandan Mewah, 68000 Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Osman
- Hospital Melaka, Jalan Mufti Haji Khalil, 75400 Melaka, Malaysia
| | - L H Kee
- Hospital Melaka, Jalan Mufti Haji Khalil, 75400 Melaka, Malaysia
| | - W H Mohd Yaakub
- Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Jalan Langat, 41200 Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S K Cheong
- Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UTAR Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Abdullah
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Ramalingam V, Cheong SK, Lee PF. Study of EEG alpha wave response on the effects of video-guided deep breathing on pain rehabilitation. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:37-46. [PMID: 35723127 DOI: 10.3233/thc-213531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Athletes with chronic ankle pain (CAP) are more inclined to suffer from physical and psychological pain depending on the severity of the injuries, which might trigger the powerless feeling on future sports participation. Therefore, an efficient and simple method is useful to integrate into conventional physiotherapy (CP) for maintaining mental wellness. OBJECTIVE This research aimed to verify the effects and progress of video-guided deep breathing (DB) integrated into CP through study on the changes of alpha waves and pain scale. METHODS Alpha waves were recorded using an electroencephalogram (EEG) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess pain intensity before and after the intervention (6 weeks). Thirty CAP participants were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups: group A for video-guided DB integration into their CP and group B for CP. The effects of pre and post intervention were analyzed using a paired t-test with statistical significance set at p< 0.05. RESULTS Profound results from the research have shown that the participants who received both the DB+CP revealed a significant increase in alpha wave (p< 0.05) at occipital region. CONCLUSION The significant result reveals an increase in alpha waves in the occipital region after 6 weeks and indicates that the video-guided DB with a smartphone application is able to produce a change in CAP participants. This supports the DB integration to the CP for altering the pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Poh Foong Lee
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Gan QF, Lim YT, Foo CN, Yu CW, Woon CK, Cheong SK, Leong PP. Incorporating Insulin Growth Factor-1 into Regenerative and Personalized Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 18:202-215. [PMID: 35392790 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220407085901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the world's leading causes of increased morbidity and mortality. Current interventions for CVD, including percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), carry certain risks and complications, which may also affect the patient's quality of life. It is important to minimize those risks and complications while speeding up the recovery. Insulin Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) is a growth factor responsible for cellular migration, proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis, which supports cardiovascular regeneration. METHODS In light of the current trend of regenerative medicine, the present review aims to pool data relating to the incorporation of IGF-1 in regenerative medicine and provide input on the current research gaps and concerns arising on translating this approach from benchwork into clinical settings. RESULTS Using the keywords IGF-1 'OR' Insulin Growth Factor 1 'AND' Mesenchymal Stem Cells 'AND' Tissue Healing from 2009 to 2020, we identified 160 and 52 from Medline and PubMed, screening out 202 articles due to non-fulfilment of the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSION Incorporating IGF-1 into regenerative and personalized medicine may be promising for treating CVD; however, the concerns include the role of IGF-1 in inducing cancer growth and its ability to migrate to the specific site of injury, especially for those who present with multiple pathologies should be addressed prior to its translation from bench work into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Fu Gan
- Pre-Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, UTAR Sg Long Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yi Ting Lim
- Intensive Care Unit, Assunta Hospital, Jalan Templer, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chai Nien Foo
- Population Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, UTAR Sg Long Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chye Wah Yu
- Faculty of Allied Health Science, AIMST, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Choy Ker Woon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UTAR Sg Long Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pooi Pooi Leong
- Pre-Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, UTAR Sg Long Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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10
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Wong RSY, Cheong SK. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives in sarcopenia. Malays J Pathol 2022; 44:429-442. [PMID: 36591711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a common condition in the geriatric population. It refers to age-related and progressive decline in muscle mass and function, which has a great impact on one's mobility and quality of life. Patients with sarcopenia are mainly treated with nutritional therapy, exercise therapy, or a combination of both. Since the identification of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) several decades ago, many studies have explored the application of MSCs in the field of regenerative medicine. MSCs are popular candidates for cell-based therapy owing to their multipotent nature and immunomodulatory properties. Even though MSCs do not naturally differentiate into myogenic cells, they are important players in skeletal muscle health, as MSCs support myogenic differentiation of other cells and promote recovery of injured skeletal muscle. Recent studies have found that MSCs may be of benefits in the treatment of sarcopenia. This article gives an overview of sarcopenia and the role of MSCs in skeletal muscle homeostasis. It also discusses the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their derivatives, as well as the underlying mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of MSCs and MSC-based products in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Y Wong
- SEGi University, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, No. 9, Jalan Teknologi, Taman Sains Selangor, Kota Damansara, PJU 5, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. ;
| | - S K Cheong
- University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wong YP, Abu Backer FM, Tan GC, Looi LM, Mat Salleh MJ, A Subramaniam PA, Rahimi R, Ariffin R, Razali RH, Siew SF, Cheong SK, C Thambiah S, Md Hanapiah S, Kumariah T, Tang YL, Zainol Rashid Z. Guidelines on retention of pathology records and materials (Version 2/2022). Malays J Pathol 2022; 44:165-176. [PMID: 36043580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
No abstract available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Wong
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - F M Abu Backer
- Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, Department of Pathology, 08000 Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - G C Tan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - L M Looi
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M J Mat Salleh
- Hospital Seberang Jaya, Department of Pathology, 13700 Permatang, Malaysia
| | - P A A Subramaniam
- Palani Ammal & Co., Suite 7-5, 2 Rio Tower, 47100 Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Rahimi
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Pathology, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Ariffin
- Hospital Tunku Azizah, Department of Pathology, Genetics Laboratory, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R H Razali
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S F Siew
- Hospital Kuala Lumpur, National Institute of Forensic Medicine, 50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S K Cheong
- Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S C Thambiah
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Md Hanapiah
- National Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, 62250 Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - T Kumariah
- Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Department of Pathology, 50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y L Tang
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Z Zainol Rashid
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tan GC, Wong YP, Cheong SK. Medical record archives in the era of digitalisation. Malays J Pathol 2022; 44:163-164. [PMID: 36043579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
No abstract available.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Tan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Y P Wong
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S K Cheong
- National Cancer Council (MAKNA), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Ramalingam V, Cheong SK, Lee PF. Preliminary study on changes of brainwaves for musculoskeletal pain among collegiate athletes. Technol Health Care 2022; 30:993-1003. [PMID: 35275584 DOI: 10.3233/thc-213633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brainwaves studies on pain are gaining more attention in recent years. However, the target group in a similar study on collegiate athletes with musculoskeletal pain is still under explore. OBJECTIVE The objective is to investigate the differences of the brainwaves response and its association with pain interference of the collegiate athletes with and without musculoskeletal pain. METHODS Collegiate athletes (n= 49) were recruited and categorized into pain group (PG) (n= 25) and no-pain group (NPG) (n= 24). Brainwaves were recorded for 2 minutes with eyes closed in a resting state using EEG. Pain intensity and pain interference were documented using visual analogue scale and brief pain inventory, respectively. Independent t-test was used to compare brainwaves of PG and NPG, and Spearman's correlation was used to find the association between brain waves and pain interference. RESULTS Findings showed a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in brain waves in PG on left temporal regions as compared to NPG. Frontal beta, theta, and gamma waves were found to be negatively correlated with participants' pain interference. CONCLUSION This outcome potentially contributes EEG as an alternative non-invasive tool for an objective pain assessment method in health care technology to aid in the rehabilitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Poh Foong Lee
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wong RSY, Cheong SK. Role of circular RNAs in determining the fate of mesenchymal stem cells. Malays J Pathol 2021; 43:241-250. [PMID: 34448788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) has been well-understood for its linear form for many years. With advances in high-throughput sequencing, there is an increasing focus on circular RNAs (circRNAs) recently. Although they were previously regarded as splicing error by-products, research has shown that they play a pivotal role in many cellular processes, one of which is the control of stem cell differentiation and fate. On the other hand, decades of research have demonstrated the promising therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). To this end, there is a growing body of research on the role of circRNAs in the determination of the fate of MSCs. This review critically examines the current evidence and consolidates key findings from studies that explore the involvement of circRNAs in the regulation of MSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Y Wong
- SEGi University, Faculty of Medicine, No. 9, Jalan Teknologi, Taman Sains Selangor, Kota Damansara, PJU 5, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - S K Cheong
- University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Law ZK, Tan HJ, Chin SP, Wong CY, Wan Yahya WNN, Muda AS, Zakaria R, Ariff MI, Ismail NA, Cheong SK, S Abdul Wahid SF, Mohamed Ibrahim N. The effects of intravenous infusion of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with subacute middle cerebral artery infarct: a phase 2 randomized controlled trial on safety, tolerability and efficacy. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:833-840. [PMID: 33992536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are characterized by paracrine and immunomodulatory functions capable of changing the microenvironment of damaged brain tissue toward a more regenerative and less inflammatory milieu. The authors conducted a phase 2, single-center, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of intravenous autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) in patients with subacute middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarct. METHODS Patients aged 30-75 years who had severe ischemic stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score of 10-35) involving the MCA territory were recruited within 2 months of stroke onset. Using permuted block randomization, patients were assigned to receive 2 million BMMSCs per kilogram of body weight (treatment group) or standard medical care (control group). The primary outcomes were the NIHSS, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Barthel Index (BI) and total infarct volume on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 12 months. All outcome assessments were performed by blinded assessors. Per protocol, analyses were performed for between-group comparisons. RESULTS Seventeen patients were recruited. Nine were assigned to the treatment group, and eight were controls. All patients were severely disabled following their MCA infarct (median mRS = 4.0 [4.0-5.0], BI = 5.0 [5.0-25.0], NIHSS = 16.0 [11.5-21.0]). The baseline infarct volume on the MRI was larger in the treatment group (median, 71.7 [30.5-101.7] mL versus 26.7 [12.9-75.3] mL, P = 0.10). There were no between-group differences in median NIHSS score (7.0 versus 6.0, P = 0.96), mRS (2.0 versus 3.0, P = 0.38) or BI (95.0 versus 67.5, P = 0.33) at 12 months. At 12 months, there was significant improvement in absolute change in median infarct volume, but not in total infarct volume, from baseline in the treatment group (P = 0.027). No treatment-related adverse effects occurred in the BMMSC group. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous infusion of BMMSCs in patients with subacute MCA infarct was safe and well tolerated. Although there was no neurological recovery or functional outcome improvement at 12 months, there was improvement in absolute change in median infarct volume in the treatment group. Larger, well-designed studies are warranted to confirm this and the efficacy of BMMSCs in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Kang Law
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Jan Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Wan Nur Nafisah Wan Yahya
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Sobri Muda
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozman Zakaria
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Izhar Ariff
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azimah Ismail
- Cell Therapy Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Cytopeutics Sdn Bhd, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Fadilah S Abdul Wahid
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Cell Therapy Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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16
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Gan QF, Choy KW, Foo CN, Leong PP, Cheong SK. Incorporating insulin growth Factor‐1 into regenerative and personalised medicine for musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/term.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Fu Gan
- Pre‐Clinical Sciences Department Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences UTAR Sg Long Campus Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ker Woon Choy
- Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chai Nien Foo
- Population Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences UTAR Sg Long Campus Selangor Malaysia
| | - Pooi Pooi Leong
- Pre‐Clinical Sciences Department Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences UTAR Sg Long Campus Selangor Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences UTAR Sg Long Campus Selangor Malaysia
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Gan QF, Foo CN, Leong PP, Cheong SK. Incorporating regenerative medicine into rehabilitation programmes: a potential treatment for ankle sprain. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2021. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2019.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ankle sprain has a great effect on morbidity and complications of chronic diseases. Experts have come to a consensus where ankle sprain can be managed by rest, ice, compression and elevation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immobilisation, functional support such as the use of an ankle brace, exercise, surgery and other therapies that include physiotherapy modalities and acupuncture. However, the time required for healing is still relatively long in addition to post-operative complications. Because of the challenges and setbacks faced by interventions to manage ankle sprains and in view of the recent trend and development in the field of regenerative medicine, this article discusses future treatments focusing on a personalised and holistic approach for ankle sprain management. This narrative review provides a novel idea for incorporating regenerative medicine into conventional therapy as an intervention for ankle sprain based on theoretical concepts and available evidence on regenerative medicine involving ligament injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Fu Gan
- Pre-clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chai Nien Foo
- Population Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pooi Pooi Leong
- Pre-clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Chin SP, Maskon O, Tan CS, Anderson JE, Wong CY, Hassan HHC, Choor CK, Fadilah SAW, Cheong SK. Synergistic effects of intracoronary infusion of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and revascularization procedure on improvement of cardiac function in patients with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy. Stem Cell Investig 2021; 8:2. [PMID: 33575315 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2020-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide. It is defined as abnormal enlargement of the left ventricular (LV) cavity with poor LV function due to coronary artery disease. Currently available established treatments are palliative whereby blood supply is recovered to ischemic regions but fails to regenerate heart tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer a promising treatment for ICM given their regenerative and multipotent characteristics. This study aims to investigate the effect of MSCs infusion with concurrent revascularization in patients with severe ICM compared to receiving only revascularization procedure or MSCs infusion. Methods Twenty-seven patients with history of anterior myocardial infarction (MI) and baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than 35% were recruited into this study. Patients who are eligible for revascularization were grouped into group A (MSCs infusion with concurrent revascularization) or group B (revascularization only) while patients who were not eligible for revascularization were allocated in group C to receive intracoronary MSCs infusion. LV function was measured using echocardiography. Results Patients who received MSCs infusion (either with or without revascularization) demonstrated significant LVEF improvements at 3, 6 and 12 months post-infusion when compared to baseline LVEF within its own group. When comparing the groups, the magnitude of change in LVEF from baseline for third visits i.e., 12 months post-infusion was significant for patients who received MSCs infusion plus concurrent revascularization in comparison to patients who only had the revascularization procedure. Conclusions MSCs infusion significantly improves LV function in ICM patients. MSCs infusion plus concurrent revascularization procedure worked synergistically to improve cardiac function in patients with severe ICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Piaw Chin
- Cytopeutics, Selangor, Malaysia.,CMH Specialist Hospital, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Oteh Maskon
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chiang Soo Tan
- Adventist Heart Centre, Penang Adventist Hospital, Penang, Malaysia
| | - John E Anderson
- Adventist Heart Centre, Penang Adventist Hospital, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Hamat Hamdi Che Hassan
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Ken Choor
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Abdul Wahid Fadilah
- Cell Therapy Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Cytopeutics, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University, Selangor, Malaysia
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19
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Cheng HP, Huang CJ, Tsai ML, Ong HT, Cheong SK, Choo KB, Chiou SH. MicroRNA-362 negatively and positively regulates SMAD4 expression in TGF-β/SMAD signaling to suppress cell migration and invasion. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1798-1809. [PMID: 33746597 PMCID: PMC7976584 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion are modulated by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the reverse MET process. Despite the detection of microRNA-362 (miR-362, both the miR-362-5p and -3p species) in cancers, none of the identified miR-362 targets is a mesenchymal or epithelial factor to link miR-362 with EMT/MET and metastasis. Focusing on the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway in this work, luciferase assays and western blot data showed that miR-362 targeted and negatively regulated expression of SMAD4 and E-cadherin, but not SNAI1, which is regulated by SMAD4. However, miR-362 knockdown also down-regulated SMAD4 and SNAI1, but up-regulated E-cadherin expression. Wound-healing and transwell assays further showed that miR-362 knockdown suppressed cell migration and invasion, effects which were reversed by over-expressing SMAD4 or SNAI1, or by knocking down E-cadherin in the miR-362 knockdown cells. In orthotopic mice, miR-362 knockdown inhibited metastasis, and displayed the same SMAD4 and E-cadherin expression profiles in the tumors as in the in vitro studies. A scheme is proposed to integrate miR-362 negative regulation via SMAD4, and to explain miR-362 positive regulation of SMAD4 via miR-362 targeting of known SMAD4 suppressors, BRK and DACH1, which would have resulted in SMAD4 depletion and annulment of subsequent involvement in TGF-β signaling actions. Hence, miR-362 both negatively and positively regulates SMAD4 expression in TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway to suppress cell motility and invasiveness and metastasis, and may explain the reported clinical association of anti-miR-362 with suppressed metastasis in various cancers. MiR-362 knockdown in miR-362-positive cancer cells may be used as a therapeutic strategy to suppress metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ping Cheng
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.,Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institutes of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Jung Huang
- Department of Animal Science & Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Long Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hooi Tin Ong
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.,Dean's Office, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institutes of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Mohd Ali N, Yeap SK, Ho WY, Boo L, Ky H, Satharasinghe DA, Tan SW, Cheong SK, Huang HD, Lan KC, Chiew MY, Ong HK. Adipose MSCs Suppress MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Metastasis and EMT Pathways Leading to Dormancy via Exosomal-miRNAs Following Co-Culture Interaction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:ph14010008. [PMID: 33374139 PMCID: PMC7824212 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, and it remains a substantial clinical challenge due to cancer relapse. The presence of a subpopulation of dormant breast cancer cells that survived chemotherapy and metastasized to distant organs may contribute to relapse. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a significant role as a niche in inducing cancer cells into dormancy as well as involves in the reversible epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) into aggressive phenotype responsible for cancer-related mortality in patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to migrate to TME and interact with cancer cells via secretion of exosome- containing biomolecules, microRNA. Understanding of interaction between MSCs and cancer cells via exosomal miRNAs is important in determining the therapeutic role of MSC in treating breast cancer cells and relapse. In this study, exosomes were harvested from a medium of indirect co-culture of MCF7-luminal and MDA-MB-231-basal breast cancer cells (BCCs) subtypes with adipose MSCs. The interaction resulted in different exosomal miRNAs profiles that modulate essential signaling pathways and cell cycle arrest into dormancy via inhibition of metastasis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Overall, breast cancer cells displayed a change towards a more dormant-epithelial phenotype associated with lower rates of metastasis and higher chemoresistance. The study highlights the crucial roles of adipose MSCs in inducing dormancy and identifying miRNAs-dormancy related markers that could be used to identify the metastatic pattern, predict relapses in cancer patients and to be potential candidate targets for new targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norlaily Mohd Ali
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Marine Biotechnology, China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang, Selangor 43900, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Semenyih 43500, Malaysia;
| | - Lily Boo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Huynh Ky
- Department of Agriculture Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Cantho University, Can Tho 900100, Vietnam;
| | - Dilan Amila Satharasinghe
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.); (S.K.C.)
- Cryocord Sdn Bhd, Persiaran Cyberpoint Selatan, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
| | - Hsien Da Huang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China;
| | - Kuan Chun Lan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Men Yee Chiew
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Han Kiat Ong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.); (S.K.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Wong RSY, Cheong SK. Therapeutic potentials of neural stem cells in Alzheimer's disease. Malays J Pathol 2020; 42:157-170. [PMID: 32860368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The commonest cause of dementia among the elderly population is Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is a health concern globally as the number of people affected by dementia worldwide is rapidly increasing. Several genes have been linked to AD and the pathogenesis of the disease has been extensively and vigorously examined. Thus far, only a few drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the pharmacological treatment of AD and a growing body of research has turned to alternative options such as stem cell therapy. This review will give an overview of the pathological and clinical aspects of AD. Although researchers have explored the suitability and feasibility of using various types of stems cells to treat AD, this review will focus mainly on neural stem cells (NSCs)/ neural progenitor cells (NPCs). The behaviour and properties of NSCs will be described, accompanied by a comprehensive discussion of the therapeutic strategies involving the use of NSCs/NPCs in the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Y Wong
- SEGi University, Faculty of Medicine, No. 9, Jalan Teknologi, Taman Sains Selangor, Kota Damansara, PJU 5, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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22
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Tan GC, Cheong SK. Challenges of Covid-19 testing. Malays J Pathol 2020; 42:1. [PMID: 32342925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
No abstract available.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Tan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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23
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Boo L, Yeap SK, Ali NM, Ho WY, Ky H, Satharasinghe DA, Liew WC, Tan SW, Wang ML, Cheong SK, Ong HK. Phenotypic and microRNA characterization of the neglected CD24+ cell population in MCF-7 breast cancer 3-dimensional spheroid culture. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:67-76. [PMID: 31904742 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro 3-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture has been widely used as model to enrich CD44CD24 cancer stem cells (CSC) with high aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) activity. Although CD24 subpopulation was known to be present in 3D spheroids and may influence cancer drug therapies, its characteristics and CSC properties were not well defined. METHODS In this study, CD24 population from the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) spheroid was sorted and subjected to spheroid formation test, stem cell markers immunofluorescence, invasion and migration test, as well as microRNA expression profiling. RESULTS Sorted MCF-7 CD24 cells from primary spheroids were able to reform its 3D spheroid shape after 7 days in nonadherent culture conditions. In contrast to the primary spheroids, the expression of SOX-2, CD44, CD49f, and Nanog was dim in MCF-7 CD24 cells. Remarkably, MCF-7 CD24 cells were found to show high expression of ALDH1 protein which may have resulted in these cells exhibiting higher resistance against doxorubicin and cisplatin when compared with that of the parental cells. Moreover, microRNA profiling has shown that the absence of CSC properties was consistent with the downregulation of major CSCs-related pathways including Hedgehog, wingless-related integration site (Wnt), and microtubule associated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. However, the upregulated pathways such as adherens junctions, focal adhesion, and tight junction suggest that CD24 cells were probably at an epithelial-like state of cell transition. CONCLUSION In conclusion, neglected CD24 cells in MCF-7 spheroid did not exhibit typical breast CSCs properties. The presence of miRNAs and their analyzed pathways suggested that these cells could be a distinct intermediate cell state in breast CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Boo
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norlaily Mohd Ali
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Huynh Ky
- Department of Agriculture Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, Vietnam
| | - Dilan Amila Satharasinghe
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Woan Charn Liew
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Han Kiat Ong
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras, Malaysia
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Tai L, Huang CJ, Choo KB, Cheong SK, Kamarul T. Oxidative Stress Down-Regulates MiR-20b-5p, MiR-106a-5p and E2F1 Expression to Suppress the G1/S Transition of the Cell Cycle in Multipotent Stromal Cells. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:457-470. [PMID: 32174776 PMCID: PMC7053300 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.38832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to senescence and tumorigenesis via modulation of the cell cycle. Using a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress-induced premature senescence (OSIPS) model previously reported by our group, this study aimed to investigate the effects of oxidative stress on microRNA (miRNA) expression in relation to the G1-to-S-phase (G1/S) transition of the cell cycle and cell proliferation. On global miRNA analysis of the OSIPS cells, twelve significantly up- or down-regulated miRNAs were identified, the target genes of which are frequently associated with cancers. Four down-regulated miR-17 family miRNAs are predicted to target key pro- and anti-proliferative proteins of the p21/cyclin D-dependent kinase (CDK)/E2F1 pathway to modulate G1/S transition. Two miR-17 miRNAs, miR-20-5p and miR-106-5p, were confirmed to be rapidly and stably down-regulated under oxidative stress. While H2O2 treatment hampered G1/S transition and suppressed DNA synthesis, miR-20b-5p/miR-106a-5p over-expression rescued cells from growth arrest in promoting G1/S transition and DNA synthesis. Direct miR-20b-5p/miR-106a-5p regulation of p21, CCND1 and E2F1 was demonstrated by an inverse expression relationship in miRNA mimic-transfected cells. However, under oxidative stress, E2F1 expression was down-regulated, consistent with hampered G1/S transition and suppressed DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. To explain the observed E2F1 down-regulation under oxidative stress, a scheme is proposed which includes miR-20b-5p/miR-106a-5p-dependent regulation, miRNA-E2F1 autoregulatory feedback and E2F1 response to repair oxidative stress-induced DNA damages. The oxidative stress-modulated expression of miR-17 miRNAs and E2F1 may be used to develop strategies to retard or reverse MSC senescence in culture, or senescence in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Tai
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.,Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chiu-Jung Huang
- Department of Animal Science & Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.,Dean's Office, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group, National Orthopedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning & Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tai L, Teoh HK, Cheong SK. Reprogramming human dermal fibroblast into induced pluripotent stem cells using nonintegrative Sendai virus for transduction. Malays J Pathol 2018; 40:325-329. [PMID: 30580364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) that exhibit embryonic stem cell-like properties with unlimited self-renewal and multilineage differentiation properties, are a potential cell source in regenerative medicine and cell-based therapy. Although retroviral and lentiviral transduction methods to generate iPSC are well established, the risk of mutagenesis limits the use of these products for therapeutic applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, reprogramming of human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) into iPSC was carried out using non-integrative Sendai virus for transduction. The iPSC clones were characterised based on the morphological changes, gene expression of pluripotency markers, and spontaneous and directed differentiation abilities into cells of different germ layers. RESULTS On day 18-25 post-transduction, colonies with embryonic stem cell-like morphology were obtained. The iPSC generated were free of Sendai genome and transgene after passage 10, as confirmed by RT-PCR. NHDF-derived iPSC expressed multiple pluripotency markers in qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. When cultured in suspension for 8 days, iPSC successfully formed embryoid body-like spheres. NHDF-derived iPSC also demonstrated the ability to undergo directed differentiation into ectoderm and endoderm. CONCLUSION NHDF were successfully reprogrammed into iPSC using non-integrating Sendai virus for transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tai
- National Cancer Council (MAKNA), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Hiew MSY, Cheng HP, Huang CJ, Chong KY, Cheong SK, Choo KB, Kamarul T. Incomplete cellular reprogramming of colorectal cancer cells elicits an epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid phenotype. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:57. [PMID: 30025541 PMCID: PMC6052640 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Induced pluripotency in cancer cells by ectopic expression of pluripotency-regulating factors may be used for disease modeling of cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are negative regulators of gene expression that play important role in reprogramming somatic cells. However, studies on the miRNA expression profile and the expression patterns of the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET)/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes in induced pluripotent cancer (iPC) cells are lacking. Methods iPC clones were generated from two colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines by retroviral transduction of the Yamanaka factors. The iPC clones obtained were characterized by morphology, expression of pluripotency markers and the ability to undergo in vitro tri-lineage differentiation. Genome-wide miRNA profiles of the iPC cells were obtained by microarray analysis and bioinformatics interrogation. Gene expression was done by real-time RT-PCR and immuno-staining; MET/EMT protein levels were determined by western blot analysis. Results The CRC-iPC cells showed embryonic stem cell-like features and tri-lineage differentiation abilities. The spontaneously-differentiated post-iPC cells obtained were highly similar to the parental CRC cells. However, down-regulated pluripotency gene expression and failure to form teratoma indicated that the CRC-iPC cells had only attained partial pluripotency. The CRC-iPC cells shared similarities in the genome-wide miRNA expression profiles of both cancer and pluripotent embryonic stem cells. One hundred and two differentially-expressed miRNAs were identified in the CRC-iPC cells, which were predicted by bioinformatics analysis be closely involved in regulating cellular pluripotency and the expression of the MET/EMT genes, possibly via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways. Irregular and inconsistent expression patterns of the EMT vimentin and Snai1 and MET E-cadherin and occludin proteins were observed in the four CRC-iPC clones analyzed, which suggested an epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid phenotype in the partially reprogrammed CRC cells. MET/EMT gene expression was also generally reversed on re-differentiation, also suggesting epigenetic regulation. Conclusions Our data support the elite model for cancer cell-reprogramming in which only a selected subset of cancer may be fully reprogrammed; partial cancer cell reprogramming may also elicit an epithelial-mesenchymal mixed phenotype, and highlight opportunities and challenges in cancer cell-reprogramming. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-018-0461-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Sook Yuin Hiew
- Centre for Stem Cell Research & Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Postgraduate Program, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sg. Long, Selangor, Malaysia.,Present address: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Han Ping Cheng
- Centre for Stem Cell Research & Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Postgraduate Program, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sg. Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chiu-Jung Huang
- Department of Animal Science & Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kowit Yu Chong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science & Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Centre for Stem Cell Research & Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Dean's Office, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sg. Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- Centre for Stem Cell Research & Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Postgraduate Program, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sg. Long, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning & Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nguyen PNN, Choo KB, Huang CJ, Sugii S, Cheong SK, Kamarul T. miR-524-5p of the primate-specific C19MC miRNA cluster targets TP53IPN1- and EMT-associated genes to regulate cellular reprogramming. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:214. [PMID: 28962647 PMCID: PMC5622517 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Introduction of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) is able to ‘reprogram’ somatic cells to become induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to enhance reprogramming efficiency when co-expressed with the OSKM factors. The primate-specific chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) is essential in primate reproduction, development, and differentiation. miR-524-5p, a C19MC member, is highly homologous to the reprogramming miR-520d-5p; we also reported that miR-524-5p was expressed in iPSCs but not mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This study aimed to elucidate possible contributions of miR-524-5p to the reprogramming process. Methods A miR-524-5p precursor was introduced into human fibroblast HFF-1 in the presence of OSKM, and the relative number of embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like colonies that stained positively with alkaline phosphatase (AP) and Nanog were quantified to determine reprogramming efficiency. A miR-524-5p mimic was transfected to MSCs to investigate the effects of miR-524-5p on TP53INP1, ZEB2, and SMAD4 expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. Direct gene targeting was confirmed by luciferase activity. A phylogenetic tree of TP53INP1 was constructed by the Clustal method. Contribution of miR-524-5p to cell proliferation and apoptosis was examined by cell counts, BrdU, MTT, and cell death assays, and pluripotency gene expression by real-time PCR. Results Co-expressing the miR-524 precursor with OSKM resulted in a two-fold significant increase in the number of AP- and Nanog-positive ESC-like colonies, indicating a role for miR-524-5p in reprogramming. The putative target, TP53INP1, showed an inverse expression relationship with miR-524-5p; direct TP53INP1 targeting was confirmed in luciferase assays. miR-524-5p-induced TP53INP1 downregulation enhanced cell proliferation, suppressed apoptosis, and upregulated the expression of pluripotency genes, all of which are critical early events of the reprogramming process. Interestingly, the TP53INP1 gene may have co-evolved late with the primate-specific miR-524-5p. miR-524-5p also promoted mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), a required initial event of reprogramming, by directly targeting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes, ZEB2 and SMAD4. Conclusions Via targeting TP53INP1, ZEB2, and SMAD4, miR-524-5p contributes to the early stage of inducing pluripotency by promoting cell proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, upregulating expression of pluripotency genes, and enhancing MET. Other C19MC miRNAs may have similar reprogramming functions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0666-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Nguyen Nhi Nguyen
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia. .,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia.
| | - Chiu-Jung Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Singapore BioImaging Consortium A*Star, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yap E, Norziha ZA, Simbun A, Tumian NR, Cheong SK, Leong CF, Wong CL. MicroRNAs that affect the Fanconi Anemia/BRCA pathway are downregulated in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia patients without detectable BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations. Leuk Res 2017; 59:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Boo L, Ho WY, Mohd Ali N, Yeap SK, Ky H, Chan KG, Yin WF, Satharasinghe DA, Liew WC, Tan SW, Cheong SK, Ong HK. Phenotypic and microRNA transcriptomic profiling of the MDA-MB-231 spheroid-enriched CSCs with comparison of MCF-7 microRNA profiling dataset. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3551. [PMID: 28717596 PMCID: PMC5511503 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer spheroids have been widely used as in vitro models of cancer stem cells (CSCs), yet little is known about their phenotypic characteristics and microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profiles. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the phenotypic characteristics of MDA-MB-231 spheroid-enriched cells for their CSCs properties and also to determine their miRNAs expression profile. Similar to our previously published MCF-7 spheroid, MDA-MB-231 spheroid also showed typical CSCs characteristics namely self-renewability, expression of putative CSCs-related surface markers and enhancement of drug resistance. From the miRNA profile, miR-15b, miR-34a, miR-148a, miR-628 and miR-196b were shown to be involved in CSCs-associated signalling pathways in both models of spheroids, which highlights the involvement of these miRNAs in maintaining the CSCs features. In addition, unique clusters of miRNAs namely miR-205, miR-181a and miR-204 were found in basal-like spheroid whereas miR-125, miR-760, miR-30c and miR-136 were identified in luminal-like spheroid. Our results highlight the roles of miRNAs as well as novel perspectives of the relevant pathways underlying spheroid-enriched CSCs in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Boo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norlaily Mohd Ali
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Huynh Ky
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Cantho University, Cantho, Vietnam
| | - Kok Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai Fong Yin
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dilan Amila Satharasinghe
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Central, Sri Lanka
| | - Woan Charn Liew
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia.,Cryocord Sdn Bhd, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Han Kiat Ong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia
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Verusingam ND, Yeap SK, Ky H, Paterson IC, Khoo SP, Cheong SK, Ong AHK, Kamarul T. Susceptibility of Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) H103 and H376 cell lines to Retroviral OSKM mediated reprogramming. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3174. [PMID: 28417059 PMCID: PMC5392249 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although numbers of cancer cell lines have been shown to be successfully reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), reprogramming Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) to pluripotency in relation to its cancer cell type and the expression pattern of pluripotent genes under later passage remain unexplored. In our study, we reprogrammed and characterised H103 and H376 oral squamous carcinoma cells using retroviral OSKM mediated method. Reprogrammed cells were characterized for their embryonic stem cells (ESCs) like morphology, pluripotent gene expression via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence staining, embryoid bodies (EB) formation and directed differentiation capacity. Reprogrammed H103 (Rep-H103) exhibited similar ESCs morphologies with flatten cells and clear borders on feeder layer. Reprogrammed H376 (Rep-H376) did not show ESCs morphologies but grow with a disorganized morphology. Critical pluripotency genes Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog were expressed higher in Rep-H103 against the parental counterpart from passage 5 to passage 10. As for Rep-H376, Nanog expression against its parental counterpart showed a significant decrease at passage 5 and although increased in passage 10, the level of expression was similar to the parental cells. Rep-H103 exhibited pluripotent signals (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and Tra-1-60) and could form EB with the presence of three germ layers markers. Rep-H103 displayed differentiation capacity into adipocytes and osteocytes. The OSCC cell line H103 which was able to be reprogrammed into an iPSC like state showed high expression of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog at late passage and may provide a potential iPSC model to study multi-stage oncogenesis in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Devi Verusingam
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Current affiliation: China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Huynh Ky
- College of Agriculture and Applied Science, Cantho University, Vietnam
| | - Ian C Paterson
- Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suan Phaik Khoo
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.,Majlis Kanser Nasional (MAKNA) Cancer Research Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alan H K Ong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nguyen PNN, Huang CJ, Sugii S, Cheong SK, Choo KB. Selective activation of miRNAs of the primate-specific chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) in cancer and stem cells and possible contribution to regulation of apoptosis. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:20. [PMID: 28270145 PMCID: PMC5341377 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) of 43 genes is a primate-specific miRNA cluster that may have biological significance in the genetic complexity of the primate. Despite previous reports on individual C19MC miRNA expression in cancer and stem cells, systematic studies on C19MC miRNA expression and biological functions are lacking. Results Cluster-wide C19MC miRNA expression profiling by microarray analysis showed wholesome C19MC activation in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, in multipotent adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and a unipotent human white pre-adipocyte cell line, only selected C19MC miRNAs were expressed. MiRNA copy number analysis also showed selective C19MC expression in cancer cells with expression patterns highly similar to those in MSCs, suggesting similar miRNA regulatory mechanisms in these cells. Selective miRNA expression also suggests complex transcriptional mechanism(s) regulating C19MC expression under specific cellular and pathological conditions. Bioinformatics analysis showed that sixteen of the C19MC miRNAs share the same “AAGUGC” seed sequence with members of the miR-302/-372 family, which are known cellular reprogramming factors. In particular, C19MC-AAGUGC-miRNAs with the nucleotides 2-7 canonical seed position as in miR-302/-372 miRNAs, may play similar roles as miR-302/-372 in induced pluripotency. A biased 3p-arm selection of the C19MC-AAGUGC-miRNAs was observed indicating that targets of the 3p species of these miRNAs may be biologically significant in regulating stemness. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis of the putative targets of the C19MC-AAGUGC-miRNAs predicted significant involvement of signaling pathways in reprogramming, many of which contribute to promoting apoptosis by indirect activation of the pro-apoptotic proteins BAK/BAX via suppression of genes of the cell survival pathways, or by enhancing caspase-8 activation through targeting inhibitors of TRAIL-inducing apoptosis. Conclusions This work demonstrated selective C19MC expression in MSCs and cancer cells, and, through miRNA profiling and bioinformatics analysis, predicted C19MC modulation of apoptosis in induced pluripotency and tumorigenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-017-0326-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Nguyen Nhi Nguyen
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Postgraduate Program, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chiu-Jung Huang
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science & Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Singapore BioImaging Consortium, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Palliative care services were not available in nursing homes in Singapore. Project CARE (Care At the end-of-life for Residents in homes for the Elderly) was a pilot programme that aimed to promote advance care planning and improve end-of-life care in nursing homes. AIM We aimed to examine end-of-life care preferences among nursing home residents, and identify factors associated with preference for medical intervention, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and place of death. DESIGN AND SETTING/PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional study using data from advance care planning discussions was conducted from September 2009 to April 2012 across seven nursing homes. The advance care planning discussion was conducted with the resident (with a prognosis of 6 months or 1 year), their families and staff from the nursing home and hospital. RESULTS A total of 600 residents and their families completed the advance care planning discussion. Majority (93.2%) preferred not to proceed with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 52.3% opted for limited additional intervention at the nursing home with escalation to the hospital if necessary and 77.0% preferred to die at the nursing home. Residents 85+ years (relative risk ratio: 3.34, 95% confidence interval: 1.13-9.93, p = 0.030) were more likely to prefer medical intervention at the nursing home only. No associations were found with the preference for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Residents who were single, or who were Christians or Catholics (adjusted odds ratio: 2.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-4.19, p = 0.039), were more likely to prefer to die at the nursing home. CONCLUSION Preferences for medical interventions in nursing homes provide support to extend palliative care services to nursing homes, which may benefit residents who are older, single, or Christians or Catholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Wei Ling Ng
- Health Services & Outcomes Research, National Healthcare Group, Singapore
| | - S K Cheong
- Continuing and Community Care Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - A Govinda Raj
- Health Services & Outcomes Research, National Healthcare Group, Singapore
| | - Wsk Teo
- Health Services & Outcomes Research, National Healthcare Group, Singapore
| | - Iyo Leong
- Continuing and Community Care Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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Chiew MY, Boo NY, Voon K, Cheong SK, Leong PP. Generation of a MLL-AF9-specific stem cell model of acute monocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:162-170. [PMID: 27185517 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1180683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5), a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), affects mostly young children and has poor prognosis. The mechanisms of treatment failure of AML-M5 are still unclear. In this study, we generated iPSC from THP-1 cells from a patient with AML-M5, using retroviruses encoding the pluripotency-associated genes (OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC). These AML-M5-derived iPSC showed features similar with those of human embryonic stem cells in terms of the morphology, gene expression, protein/antigen expression and differentiation capability. Parental-specific markers were down-regulated in these AML-M5-derived iPSCs. Expression of MLL-AF9 fusion gene (previously identified to be associated with pathogenesis of AML-M5) was observed in all iPSC clones as well as parental cells. We conclude that AML-M5-specific iPSC clones have been successfully developed. This disease model may provide a novel approach for future study of pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention of AML-M5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Men Yee Chiew
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Kajang , Malaysia
| | - Nem Yun Boo
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Kajang , Malaysia
| | - Kenny Voon
- b Research Laboratory , International Medical University , Bukit Jalil , Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Kajang , Malaysia
| | - Pooi Pooi Leong
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Kajang , Malaysia
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is a disease with genetic and epigenetic origins, and the possible effects of reprogramming cancer cells using the defined sets of transcription factors remain largely uninvestigated. In the handful of publications available so far, findings have shown that reprogramming cancer cells changed the characteristics of the cells to differ from the parental cancer cells. These findings indicated the possibility of utilizing reprogramming technology to create a disease model in the laboratory to be used in studying the molecular pathogenesis or for drug screening of a particular cancer model. AREAS COVERED Despite numerous methods employed in generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from cancer cells only a few studies have successfully reprogrammed malignant human cells. In this review we will provide an overview on i) methods to reprogram cancer cells, ii) characterization of the reprogrammed cancer cells, and iii) the differential effects of reprogramming on malignancy, epigenetics and response of the cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. EXPERT OPINION Continued technical progress in cancer cell reprogramming technology will be instrumental for more refined in vitro disease models and ultimately for the development of directed and personalized therapy for cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Lam Lim
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia
| | - Hoon Koon Teoh
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia.,b PPUKM-MAKNA Cancer Centre , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Cheras , Malaysia
| | - Pei Feng Choong
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia.,b PPUKM-MAKNA Cancer Centre , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Cheras , Malaysia
| | - Hui Xin Teh
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- c Tissue Engineering Group, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Boo L, Ho WY, Ali NM, Yeap SK, Ky H, Chan KG, Yin WF, Satharasinghe DA, Liew WC, Tan SW, Ong HK, Cheong SK. MiRNA Transcriptome Profiling of Spheroid-Enriched Cells with Cancer Stem Cell Properties in Human Breast MCF-7 Cell Line. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:427-45. [PMID: 27019627 PMCID: PMC4807162 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide as most patients often suffer cancer relapse. The reason is often attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Recent studies revealed that dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) are closely linked to breast cancer recurrence and metastasis. However, no specific study has comprehensively characterised the CSC characteristic and miRNA transcriptome in spheroid-enriched breast cells. This study described the generation of spheroid MCF-7 cell in serum-free condition and the comprehensive characterisation for their CSC properties. Subsequently, miRNA expression differences between the spheroid-enriched CSC cells and their parental cells were evaluated using next generation sequencing (NGS). Our results showed that the MCF-7 spheroid cells were enriched with CSCs properties, indicated by the ability to self-renew, increased expression of CSCs markers, and increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Additionally, spheroid-enriched CSCs possessed greater cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and wound healing ability. A total of 134 significantly (p<0.05) differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between spheroids and parental cells using miRNA-NGS. MiRNA-NGS analysis revealed 25 up-regulated and 109 down-regulated miRNAs which includes some miRNAs previously reported in the regulation of breast CSCs. A number of miRNAs (miR-4492, miR-4532, miR-381, miR-4508, miR-4448, miR-1296, and miR-365a) which have not been previously reported in breast cancer were found to show potential association with breast cancer chemoresistance and self-renewal capability. The gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the predicted genes were enriched in the regulation of metabolic processes, gene expression, DNA binding, and hormone receptor binding. The corresponding pathway analyses inferred from the GO results were closely related to the function of signalling pathway, self-renewability, chemoresistance, tumorigenesis, cytoskeletal proteins, and metastasis in breast cancer. Based on these results, we proposed that certain miRNAs identified in this study could be used as new potential biomarkers for breast cancer stem cell diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Boo
- 1. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- 2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Norlaily Mohd Ali
- 1. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- 3. Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Huynh Ky
- 4. Department of Agriculture Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Cantho University, 84071, Vietnam
| | - Kok Gan Chan
- 5. Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai Fong Yin
- 5. Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dilan Amila Satharasinghe
- 3. Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.; 6. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Woan Charn Liew
- 3. Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- 3. Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Han Kiat Ong
- 1. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- 1. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Cheras, Malaysia;; 7. Cryocord Sdn Bhd, Persiaran Cyberpoint Selatan, 63000 Cyberjaya, Malaysia
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Mohd Ali N, Boo L, Yeap SK, Ky H, Satharasinghe DA, Liew WC, Ong HK, Cheong SK, Kamarul T. Probable impact of age and hypoxia on proliferation and microRNA expression profile of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1536. [PMID: 26788424 PMCID: PMC4715434 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline in the therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is often seen with older donors as compared to young. Although hypoxia is known as an approach to improve the therapeutic potential of MSC in term of cell proliferation and differentiation capacity, its effects on MSC from aged donors have not been well studied. To evaluate the influence of hypoxia on different age groups, MSC from young (<30 years) and aged (>60 years) donors were expanded under hypoxic (5% O2) and normal (20% O2) culture conditions. MSC from old donors exhibited a reduction in proliferation rate and differentiation potential together with the accumulation of senescence features compared to that of young donors. However, MSC cultured under hypoxic condition showed enhanced self-renewing and proliferation capacity in both age groups as compared to normal condition. Bioinformatic analysis of the gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway under hypoxic culture condition identified hypoxia-inducible miRNAs that were found to target transcriptional activity leading to enhanced cell proliferation, migration as well as decrease in growth arrest and apoptosis through the activation of multiple signaling pathways. Overall, differentially expressed miRNA provided additional information to describe the biological changes of young and aged MSCs expansion under hypoxic culture condition at the molecular level. Based on our findings, the therapeutic potential hierarchy of MSC according to donor’s age group and culture conditions can be categorized in the following order: young (hypoxia) > young (normoxia) > old aged (hypoxia) > old aged (normoxia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Norlaily Mohd Ali
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Cheras, Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Lily Boo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Cheras, Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Huynh Ky
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Agriculture Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Cantho University, Cantho, Vietnam
| | - Dilan A Satharasinghe
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Woan Charn Liew
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Han Kiat Ong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Cheras, Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Cryocord Sdn Bhd, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Center of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Teoh HK, Chong PP, Abdullah M, Sekawi Z, Tan GC, Leong CF, Cheong SK. Small interfering RNA silencing of interleukin-6 in mesenchymal stromal cells inhibits multiple myeloma cell growth. Leuk Res 2016; 40:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hassan R, Husin A, Sulong S, Yusoff S, Johan MF, Yahaya BH, Ang CY, Ghazali S, Cheong SK. Guidelines for nucleic acid detection and analysis in hematological disorders. Malays J Pathol 2015; 37:165-173. [PMID: 26277676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosline Hassan
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Haematology, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Choong PF, Teh HX, Teoh HK, Ong HK, Choo KB, Sugii S, Cheong SK, Kamarul T. Heterogeneity of osteosarcoma cell lines led to variable responses in reprogramming. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:1154-60. [PMID: 25170299 PMCID: PMC4147642 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Four osteosarcoma cell lines, Saos-2, MG-63, G-292 and U-2 OS, were reprogrammed to pluripotent state using Yamanaka factors retroviral transduction method. Embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like clusters started to appear between 15 to 20 days post transduction. Morphology of the colonies resembled that of ESC colonies with defined border and tightly-packed cells. The reprogrammed sarcomas expressed alkaline phosphatase and pluripotency markers, OCT4, SSEA4, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81, as in ESC up to Passage 15. All reprogrammed sarcomas could form embryoid body-like spheres when cultured in suspension in a low attachment dish for up to 10 days. Further testing on the directed differentiation capacity of the reprogrammed sarcomas showed all four reprogrammed sarcoma lines could differentiate into adipocytes while reprogrammed Saos-2-REP, MG-63-REP and G-292-REP could differentiate into osteocytes. Among the 4 osteosarcoma cell lines, U-2 OS reported the highest transduction efficiency but recorded the lowest reprogramming stability under long term culture. Thus, there may be intrinsic differences governing the variable responses of osteosarcoma cell lines towards reprogramming and long term culture effect of the reprogrammed cells. This is a first report to associate intrinsic factors in different osteosarcoma cell lines with variable reprogramming responses and effects on the reprogrammed cells after prolonged culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Feng Choong
- 1. MAKNA Cancer Research Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; ; 2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui Xin Teh
- 2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hoon Koon Teoh
- 1. MAKNA Cancer Research Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Han Kiat Ong
- 2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- 2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- 3. Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, ASTAR, 138667, Singapore; ; 4. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- 1. MAKNA Cancer Research Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; ; 2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- 5. Tissue Engineering Group, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Huang CJ, Nguyen PNN, Choo KB, Sugii S, Wee K, Cheong SK, Kamarul T. Frequent co-expression of miRNA-5p and -3p species and cross-targeting in induced pluripotent stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:824-33. [PMID: 24936146 PMCID: PMC4057479 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A miRNA precursor generally gives rise to one major miRNA species derived from the 5' arm, and are called miRNA-5p. However, more recent studies have shown co-expression of miRNA-5p and -3p, albeit in different concentrations, in cancer cells targeting different sets of transcripts. Co-expression and regulation of the -5p and -3p miRNA species in stem cells, particularly in the reprogramming process, have not been studied. METHODS In this work, we investigated co-expression and regulation of miRNA-5p and -3p species in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESC) using a nanoliter-scale real-time PCR microarray platform that included 1,036 miRNAs. RESULTS In comparing iPSC and ESC, only 32 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed, in agreement of the ESC-like nature of iPSC. In the analysis of reprogramming process in iPSCs, 261 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed compared with the parental MSC and pre-adipose tissue, indicating significant miRNA alternations in the reprogramming process. In iPSC reprogrammed from MSC, there were 88 miRNAs (33.7%), or 44 co-expressed 5p/3p pairs, clearly indicating frequent co-expression of both miRNA species on reprogramming. Of these, 40 pairs were either co-up- or co-downregulated indicating concerted 5p/3p regulation. The 5p/3p species of only 4 pairs were regulated in reverse directions. Furthermore, some 5p/3p species of the same miRNAs were found to target the same transcript and the same miRNA may cross-target different transcripts of proteins of the G1/S transition of the cell cycle; 5p/3p co-targeting was confirmed in stem-loop RT-PCR. CONCLUSION The observed cross- and co-regulation by paired miRNA species suggests a fail-proof scheme of miRNA regulation in iPSC, which may be important to iPSC pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Jung Huang
- 1. Department of Animal Science & Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Phan Nguyen Nhi Nguyen
- 2. Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- 2. Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; ; 3. Department of Preclinical Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- 4. Singapore BioImaging Consortium, Singapore; ; 5. Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Wee
- 4. Singapore BioImaging Consortium, Singapore
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- 2. Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; ; 6. Dean's Office, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- 7. Tissue Engineering Group, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Choo KB, Tai L, Hymavathee KS, Wong CY, Nguyen PNN, Huang CJ, Cheong SK, Kamarul T. Oxidative stress-induced premature senescence in Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:1201-7. [PMID: 25249788 PMCID: PMC4166865 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On in vitro expansion for therapeutic purposes, the regenerative potentials of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) decline and rapidly enter pre-mature senescence probably involving oxidative stress. To develop strategies to prevent or slow down the decline of regenerative potentials in MSC culture, it is important to first address damages caused by oxidative stress-induced premature senescence (OSIPS). However, most existing OSIPS study models involve either long-term culture to achieve growth arrest or immediate growth arrest post oxidative agent treatment and are unsuitable for post-induction studies. METHODS In this work, we aimed to establish an OSIPS model of MSCs derived from Wharton's Jelly by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. RESULTS The optimal H2O2 concentration was determined to be 200 µM to achieve OSIPS when MSC reached growth arrest in 3 to 4 passages post-H2O2 treatment. H2O2-treated cells became heterogeneous in morphology, and were irregularly enlarged and flattened with granular cytoplasm. The cells were stained positive for SA-β-galactosidase, a senescence marker, and were shown to express elevated levels of other well-characterized senescence molecular markers, including p53, p21, p16 and lysosomal β-galactosidase (GLB1) in real-time RT-PCR analysis. The OSIPS-like features were confirmed with three independent WJ-MSC lines. CONCLUSION The establishment of an OSIPS model of WJ-MSC is a first step for subsequent investigation on molecular mechanisms of senescence and for screening potential anti-oxidative agents to delay or revert stressed-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Bung Choo
- 1. Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia; ; 2. Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lihui Tai
- 1. Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K Shri Hymavathee
- 1. Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Chiu-Jung Huang
- 4. Department of Animal Science & Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- 1. Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia; ; 5. Dean's Office, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- 6. Tissue Engineering Group, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Fazlina N, Maha A, Jamal R, Zarina AL, Cheong SK, Hamidah H, Ainoon O, Zulkifli SZ, Hamidah NH. Expression of multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins andin vitrodrug resistance in acute leukemias. Hematology 2013; 12:33-7. [PMID: 17364990 DOI: 10.1080/10245330600940030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins may influence the outcome of treatment in patients with acute leukemia. The aim of this study was to determine the IC50 of cytotoxic drugs (cytosine arabinoside, ara-C and daunorubicin, dnr) using the in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assay method. A total of 82 newly diagnosed acute leukemia cases (43 adult myeloid leukaemia, AML cases and 39 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, ALL cases) and 16 relapsed cases (8 AML cases and 8 ALL cases) were studied. The MTS assay was performed using two cytotoxic drugs, dnr and ara-C. Cells were incubated with different concentrations of drugs for 4 days and the IC50 was extrapolated from the viability curve. In newly diagnosed cases, we found that childhood ALL samples showed higher IC50 values of dnr (0.040 +/- 2.320) compared to adult AML samples (0.021 +/- 0.158). In contrast, newly diagnosed adult AML samples showed higher IC50 values of ara-C (0.157 +/- 0.529) compared to childhood ALL samples (0.100 +/- 2.350). In relapsed cases, two samples of childhood ALL showed IC50 values of dnr (0.910 +/- 1.760) and ara-C (1.310 +/- 2.390), which was higher compared to childhood AML samples (0.129 +/- 0.214 and 0.210 +/- 0.003, respectively). However, there was no correlation between IC50 values of these drugs tested with clinical outcome. In conclusion, we found that MTS assay is an easy, rapid and non laborious method to study in vitro drug resistance in acute leukaemia cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fazlina
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ainoon O, Boo NY, Yu YH, Cheong SK, Hamidah HN. G6PD deficiency with hemolytic anemia due to a rare gene deletion—A report of the first case in Malaysia. Hematology 2013; 11:113-8. [PMID: 16753852 DOI: 10.1080/10245330500155184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old Chinese boy was referred to Hospital UKM for investigation of recurrent episodes of dark-coloured urine and pallor since birth. He was born prematurely at 34 weeks gestation and developed severe early-onset neonatal jaundice requiring exchange blood transfusion. Screening at birth showed Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. On admission, physical examination revealed pallor, jaundice and mild hepatomegaly. Results of laboratory investigations showed a hemoglobin level of 11.0 g/dl with a hemolytic blood picture, reticulocytosis of 20% and red cell G6PD activity reported as undetectable. The patient's DNA was analysed for G6PD mutations by PCR-based techniques and DNA sequencing and results showed a 24 bp deletion of nucleotide 953-976 in the exon 9 of the G6PD gene. DNA analysis was also performed on blood samples of the patient's mother and female sibling confirming their heterozygous status, although both showed normal red cell G6PD activity levels. The patient was discharged well and his parents were appropriately advised on the condition and the importance of taking folic acid regularly. This is a first case report in Malaysia of G6PD deficiency causing chronic-hemolytic anemia. The rare 24 bp deletion causes the G6PD Nara variant, previously reported only in two other unrelated males, a Japanese and a Portuguese both with chronic hemolytic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ainoon
- National University of Malaysia, Haematology Unit, Department of Pathology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Mok PL, Leong CF, Cheong SK. Cellular mechanisms of emerging applications of mesenchymal stem cells. Malays J Pathol 2013; 35:17-32. [PMID: 23817392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent, self-renewing cells that can be found mainly in the bone marrow, and other post-natal organs and tissues. The ease of isolation and expansion, together with the immunomodulatory properties and their capability to migrate to sites of inflammation and tumours make them a suitable candidate for therapeutic use in the clinical settings. We review here the cellular mechanisms underlying the emerging applications of MSC in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Mok
- UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Yap FL, Cheong SK, Radhakrishnan A, Leong CF. Generation of Gene Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Efficacy against Human Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Yin Loh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bdr Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia.
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Radhakrishnan AK, Sim GC, Cheong SK. Comparing the ability of freshly generated and cryopreserved dendritic cell vaccines to inhibit growth of breast cancer in a mouse model. Biores Open Access 2012; 1:239-46. [PMID: 23515111 PMCID: PMC3559207 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive vaccinations with dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines over long periods of time can break pre-existing tolerance to tumors and achieve clinically relevant immune response. This requires a large number of DCs to be generated under good manufacturing protocol, which is time- and cost intensive. Thus, producing a large numbers of DCs at one time point and cryopreserving these cells in ready-for-use aliquots for clinical application may overcome this constraint. This could also reduce batch-to-batch variations. In this study, we generated DCs from bone marrow obtained from BALB/c mice. Some of the generated DCs were cryopreserved before conducting various tests. There were no significant differences in the morphology and phenotype between cryopreserved and freshly generated DCs. Both types of DCs pulsed with tumor lysate (TL) from 4T1 murine mammary cancer cells (DC+TL) possessed a similar capacity to stimulate the proliferation of T-cells. In addition, cryopreserved and fresh DC pulsed with TL showed similar tumor growth inhibition patterns. Both DCs induced initial retardation of tumor growth (p<0.05) and prolonged the survival (p<0.05) of tumor-bearing mice treated with DC+TL as compared with nontreated control mice. Cryopreserved DCs shared similar therapeutic efficacy to fresh DCs, and this finding lends supports the routine use of cryopreserved DCs in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Pathology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Geok Choo Sim
- Pathology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
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Kiew LV, Cheong SK, Ramli E, Sidik K, Lim TM, Chung LY. Efficacy of a Poly-L-Glutamic Acid-Gemcitabine Conjugate in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Drug Dev Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603; Kuala Lumpur; Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences; University of Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR); Bandar Sungai Long; 43000; Selangor; Malaysia
| | - Ernidila Ramli
- Department of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603; Kuala Lumpur; Malaysia
| | - Khalifah Sidik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford; IL; 61107; USA
| | - Tuck Meng Lim
- Department of Chemical Science; Faculty of Science; University of Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR); Jalan Universiti; Bandar Barat; 31900; Kampar; Perak; Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603; Kuala Lumpur; Malaysia
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49
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Mok PL, Cheong SK, Leong CF, Chua KH, Ainoon O. Human mesenchymal stromal cells could deliver erythropoietin and migrate to the basal layer of hair shaft when subcutaneously implanted in a murine model. Tissue Cell 2012; 44:249-56. [PMID: 22560724 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are an attractive cell-targeting vehicle for gene delivery. MIDGE (an acronym for Minimalistic, Immunologically Defined Gene Expression) construct is relatively safer than the viral or plasmid expression system as the detrimental eukaryotic and prokaryotic gene and sequences have been eliminated. The objective of this study was to test the ability of the human MSC (hMSC) to deliver the erythropoietin (EPO) gene in a nude mice model following nucleofection using a MIDGE construct. hMSC nucleofected with MIDGE encoding the EPO gene was injected subcutaneously in Matrigel at the dorsal flank of nude mice. Subcutaneous implantation of nucleofected hMSC resulted in increased hemoglobin level with presence of human EPO in the peripheral blood of the injected nude mice in the first two weeks post-implantation compared with the control groups. The basal layer of the hair shaft in the dermal layer was found to be significantly positive for immunohistochemical staining of a human EPO antibody. However, only a few basal layers of the hair shaft were found to be positively stained for CD105. In conclusion, hMSC harboring MIDGE-EPO could deliver and transiently express the EPO gene in the nude mice model. These cells could be localized to the hair follicle and secreted EPO protein might have possible role in hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Mok
- PPUKM-MAKNA Cancer Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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50
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish an animal model of mammary carcinoma metastasis to discern the in vivo effects of growth and spread of breast cancer. Six-week-old female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 murine breast cancer cells. Mice weight and primary tumour mass volume were regularly recorded to study the physical effects of a vigorously growing and spreading of cancer cell line. Gross and histological studies were carried out to determine the approximate day of metastatic onset. Production of IFN-gamma was assessed by ELISA to understand its role in tumour growth and metastasis. Lymphocyte markers such as CD8+, CD25 and CD49b were analysed to elucidate its role in tumour growth and progression. Present study showed that the metastatic onset occurs approximately 11 days after the mice were inoculated with the 4T1 murine breast cancer cells. Gross studies showed hepatosplenomegaly. The breast cancer cells from primary tumour were found to spread rapidly to the liver on day 11. IFN-gamma production was higher in inoculated mice serum compared to control mice serum. Higher numbers of CD8+, CD25 and CD49b cells were observed in the peripheral blood of inoculated mice, compared to control mice. In conclusion, the 4T1 murine breast cancer cells can migrate and metastasise rapidly to the liver, eliciting various immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sree Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, 126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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