1
|
Ingholt MM, Simonsen L, Mamelund SE, Noahsen P, van Wijhe M. The 1919-21 influenza pandemic in Greenland. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2325711. [PMID: 38446074 PMCID: PMC10919313 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2325711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In Alaska, the 1918-20 influenza pandemic was devastating, with mortality rates up to 90% of the population, while in other arctic regions in northern Sweden and Norway mortality was considerably lower. We investigated the timing and age-patterns in excess mortality in Greenland during the period 1918-21 and compare these to other epidemics and the 1889-92 pandemic. We accessed the Greenlandic National Archives and transcribed all deaths from 1880 to 1921 by age, geography, and cause of death. We estimated monthly excess mortality and studied the spatial-temporal patterns of the pandemics and compared them to other mortality crises in the 40-year period. The 1918-21 influenza pandemic arrived in Greenland in the summer of 1919, one year delayed due to ship traffic interruptions during the winter months. We found that 5.2% of the Greenland population died of the pandemic with substantial variability between counties (range, 0.1% to 11%). We did not see the typical pandemic age-pattern of high young-adult mortality, possibly due to high baseline mortality in this age-group or remoteness. However, despite substantial mortality, the mortality impact was not standing out relative to other mortality crises, or of similar devastation reported in Alaskan populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Mølbak Ingholt
- PandemiX Center, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure, Department of Geography, Downing Place, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lone Simonsen
- PandemiX Center, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Paneeraq Noahsen
- Governmental agency, National Board of Health in Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Maarten van Wijhe
- PandemiX Center, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maleki D, Rahnamayan S, Tizhoosh HR. A self-supervised framework for cross-modal search in histopathology archives using scale harmonization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9724. [PMID: 38678157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth of data across various medical domains has generated a substantial demand for techniques to analyze multimodal big data. This demand is particularly pronounced in fields such as computational pathology due to the diverse nature of the tissue. Cross-modal retrieval aims to identify a common latent space where different modalities, such as image-text pairs, exhibit close alignment. The primary challenge, however, often lies in the representation of tissue features. While language models can be trained relatively easily, visual models frequently struggle due to the scarcity of labeled data. To address this issue, the innovative concept of harmonization has been introduced, extending the learning scheme distillation without supervision, known as DINO. The harmonization of scale refines the DINO paradigm through a novel patching approach, overcoming the complexities posed by gigapixel whole slide images in digital pathology. Experiments conducted on diverse datasets have demonstrated that the proposed approach significantly enhances cross-modal retrieval in tissue imaging. Moreover, it exhibits vast potential for other fields that rely on gigapixel imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danial Maleki
- Kimia Lab, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Shahryar Rahnamayan
- Nature-Inspired Computational Intelligence (NICI) Lab, Engineering Department, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - H R Tizhoosh
- Kimia Lab, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
- Kimia Lab, Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wild S. Millions of research papers at risk of disappearing from the Internet. Nature 2024; 627:256. [PMID: 38438607 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
|
4
|
From the archive: constantly quivering eyes, and chemistry troubles. Nature 2024; 627:499-499. [PMID: 38503915 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
|
5
|
Hansen M. 'This wretched state': Robert Burns's illness and the daybook of Charles Fleeming. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2024; 54:66-73. [PMID: 38352992 DOI: 10.1177/14782715231223327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
While now known globally as Scotland's national poet, in November 1781 the daybook of surgeon Charles Fleeming simply records him as 'Robert Burns, Lint Dresser'. Discovered in the 1950s, the daybook documents Fleeming's treatment of Burns during a period of illness which would have a profound impact on the poet's life and creative output. The book's discovery added to the theories about the nature of Burns's illness, often at odds with Burns's own later descriptions. This paper presents a fresh examination of Burns's treatment, challenging those theories by considering Fleeming's prescriptions in the context of key medical authorities of the time. In considering Burns's entry in the daybook in its entirety, the wider value of Fleeming's daybook as a private record of medical practice at the time is highlighted, pointing to the potential value of this and other such volumes as underappreciated archival research material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moira Hansen
- English and Creative Writing, The Open University, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ford SJ. Archives and amazons: A quilters guide to the lesbian archive. J Lesbian Stud 2024; 28:321-342. [PMID: 38356159 DOI: 10.1080/10894160.2024.2313381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This article offers a critical reflection on my creative engagement with the figure of the Amazon in the quilted artworks for my exhibition Archives and Amazons: quilting the lesbian archive which took place at HOME, Manchester in 2021. This exhibition was created in response to archival research at the only accredited museum in the UK dedicated to women, Glasgow Women's Library (GWL), which holds the remnants of the now disbanded Lesbian Archive and Information Centre (LAIC) (1984-1995). I engage specifically with two representations of Amazons, from two very disparate and politically opposed lesbian publications: firstly the illustrated cover of the LAIC newsletter, and a photographic series by the artist Tessa Boffin (1960-1993). Through auto-ethnography I articulate some of the pleasures and complexities in encountering, and re-visioning the Amazons that ride within the remaining fragments of the LAIC collection. I propose the quilt as a reparative strategy for engaging with the Amazon, one that refuses to disassemble and disassociate from the difficulties of lesbian history, re-assembling the pieces through a contemporary lesbian lens.
Collapse
|
7
|
From the archive: Stephen Hawking's explosive idea, and scientific spirit. Nature 2024; 626:961. [PMID: 38413756 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
|
8
|
From the archive: Tutankhamun’s coffin, and Darwin shares a letter. Nature 2024; 626:723-723. [PMID: 38383633 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
|
9
|
Zhao M, Wen J, Hu Q, Wei X, Zhong YW, Ruan H, Gu M. A 3D nanoscale optical disk memory with petabit capacity. Nature 2024; 626:772-778. [PMID: 38383625 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
High-capacity storage technologies are needed to meet our ever-growing data demands1,2. However, data centres based on major storage technologies such as semiconductor flash devices and hard disk drives have high energy burdens, high operation costs and short lifespans2,3. Optical data storage (ODS) presents a promising solution for cost-effective long-term archival data storage. Nonetheless, ODS has been limited by its low capacity and the challenge of increasing its areal density4,5. Here, to address these issues, we increase the capacity of ODS to the petabit level by extending the planar recording architecture to three dimensions with hundreds of layers, meanwhile breaking the optical diffraction limit barrier of the recorded spots. We develop an optical recording medium based on a photoresist film doped with aggregation-induced emission dye, which can be optically stimulated by femtosecond laser beams. This film is highly transparent and uniform, and the aggregation-induced emission phenomenon provides the storage mechanism. It can also be inhibited by another deactivating beam, resulting in a recording spot with a super-resolution scale. This technology makes it possible to achieve exabit-level storage by stacking nanoscale disks into arrays, which is essential in big data centres with limited space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhao
- Photonic Integrated Circuits Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and Systems, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiao Hu
- Photonic Integrated Circuits Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ruan
- Photonic Integrated Circuits Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Gu
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bonfield S. Society for the History of Psychology News and Notes. Hist Psychol 2024; 27:89. [PMID: 38330330 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Cheiron's Young Scholar Award Committee is pleased to announce that Matthew Soleiman, a PhD candidate in the Department of History and Science Studies Program at the University of California, San Diego, has been chosen to receive the 2023 award for his paper "Recerebrated: The rise of the clinic in the twentieth-century science of pain." Using published and archival sources, Soleiman's paper examines two key developments in early- to mid-20th-century pain research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
11
|
From the archive: river pollution, and a minister for science. Nature 2024; 626:488-488. [PMID: 38351334 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
|
12
|
Duan C, Mooney T, Buerer L, Bowers C, Rong S, Kim SW, Fredericks AM, Monaghan SF, Fairbrother WG. The unusual gene architecture of polyubiquitin is created by dual-specific splice sites. Genome Biol 2024; 25:33. [PMID: 38268025 PMCID: PMC10809524 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The removal of introns occurs through the splicing of a 5' splice site (5'ss) with a 3' splice site (3'ss). These two elements are recognized by distinct components of the spliceosome. However, introns in higher eukaryotes contain many matches to the 5' and 3' splice-site motifs that are presumed not to be used. RESULTS Here, we find that many of these sites can be used. We also find occurrences of the AGGT motif that can function as either a 5'ss or a 3'ss-previously referred to as dual-specific splice sites (DSSs)-within introns. Analysis of the Sequence Read Archive reveals a 3.1-fold enrichment of DSSs relative to expectation, implying synergy between the ability to function as a 5'ss and 3'ss. Despite this suggested mechanistic advantage, DSSs are 2.7- and 4.7-fold underrepresented in annotated 5' and 3' splice sites. A curious exception is the polyubiquitin gene UBC, which contains a tandem array of DSSs that precisely delimit the boundary of each ubiquitin monomer. The resulting isoforms splice stochastically to include a variable number of ubiquitin monomers. We found no evidence of tissue-specific or feedback regulation but note the 8.4-fold enrichment of DSS-spliced introns in tandem repeat genes suggests a driving role in the evolution of genes like UBC. CONCLUSIONS We find an excess of unannotated splice sites and the utilization of DSSs in tandem repeats supports the role of splicing in gene evolution. These findings enhance our understanding of the diverse and complex nature of the splicing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaorui Duan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Truman Mooney
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Luke Buerer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Cory Bowers
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Stephen Rong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Seong Won Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | | | - Sean F Monaghan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - William G Fairbrother
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oner B, Hakli O, Zengul FD. A text mining and network analysis of topics and trends in major nursing research journals. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2050. [PMID: 38268286 PMCID: PMC10697125 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study is set to determine the main topics of the nursing field and to show the changing perspectives over time by analysing the abstracts of several major nursing research journals using text mining methodology. DESIGN Text mining and network analysis. METHODS Text analysis combines automatic and manual operations to identify patterns in unstructured data. Detailed searches covering 1998-2021 were conducted in PubMed archives to collect articles from six nursing journals: Journal of Advanced Nursing, International Journal of Nursing Studies, Western Journal of Nursing Research, Nursing Research, Journal of Nursing Scholarship and Research in Nursing and Health. This study uses a four-phase text mining and network approach, gathering text data and cleaning, preprocessing, text analysis and advanced analyses. Analyses and data visualization were performed using Endnote, JMP, Microsoft Excel, Tableau and VOSviewer versions. From six journals, 17,581 references in PubMed were combined into one EndNote file. Due to missing abstract information, 2496 references were excluded from the study. The remaining references (n = 15,085) were used for the text mining analyses. RESULTS Eighteen subjects were determined into two main groups; research method topics and nursing research topics. The most striking topics are qualitative research, concept analysis, advanced practice in the downtrend, and literature search, statistical analysis, randomized control trials, quantitative research, nurse practice environment, risk assessment and nursing science. According to the network analysis results, nursing satisfaction and burnout and nursing practice environment are highly correlated and represent 10% of the total corpus. This study contributes in various ways to the field of nursing research enhanced by text mining. The study findings shed light on researchers becoming more aware of the latest research status, sub-fields and trends over the years, identifying gaps and planning future research agendas. No patient or public contribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beratiye Oner
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health SciencesLokman Hekim UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Orhan Hakli
- School of Nursing and Health SciencesManhattanville CollegePurchaseNew YorkUSA
| | - Ferhat D. Zengul
- Department of Health Services AdministrationThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Informatics InstituteThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Electrical & Computer EngineeringThe Center for Integrated SystemsThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Whitman GJ, Vining DJ. The Scottish Medical Imaging Archive: A Unique Resource for Imaging-related Research. Radiol Artif Intell 2024; 6:e230466. [PMID: 38166329 PMCID: PMC10831505 DOI: 10.1148/ryai.230466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary J. Whitman
- From the Departments of Breast Imaging (G.J.W.) and Abdominal Imaging (D.J.V.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030
| | - David J. Vining
- From the Departments of Breast Imaging (G.J.W.) and Abdominal Imaging (D.J.V.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Farrell J. How to make data open? Stop overlooking librarians. Nature 2023; 624:227. [PMID: 38086941 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
|
16
|
Anthony P, Broad J, Chacko X, Dorner Z, Kaplan J, Yıldırım D. (Un)making labor invisible: A syllabus. Hist Sci 2023; 61:608-624. [PMID: 38037375 DOI: 10.1177/00732753231180954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
From industrial psychology and occupational therapy to the laboratory bench and scenes of "heroic" fieldwork, there are important connections between the science of labor and the labor of science. Participants in the 2022 Gordon Cain Conference explored how greater attention to these connections might deepen historical understanding of what constitutes "science" and what counts as "labor." Our conversations circled around themes of vulnerability (of systems, individual bodies, historical testimony), affect (pertaining to historical actors and ourselves), and interdependence (e.g. across human groups, species, political boundaries, and time). For the members of this group, which grew out of a panel discussion, these themes and motivations coalesced around a topical focus on invisibility, which helped us to articulate - in the form of a co-created syllabus - research questions about science and labor from multiple angles pertaining to practice, archival preservation, and scholarly representation. This syllabus is organized into six thematic modules that aim to challenge and historicize the concept of invisible labor by facilitating comparisons across geographic, temporal, conceptual, and disciplinary boundaries. The goals of this collaborative syllabus, in sum, are manifold: we seek to facilitate more inclusive histories of science through critical engagement with "invisibility" and thereby promote a more expansive understanding of what constitutes scientific labor; to highlight the constitutive role of gendered labor practices in the scientific enterprise; to draw attention to interdependencies that make all forms of production (knowledge or material) possible; to elucidate systems of remuneration for scientific labor over the longue durée and through pointed comparisons; and, finally, to promote self-reflexivity about the methods we use to narrate the history of science and make sense of our own labors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Judith Kaplan
- Consortium for History of Science, Technology and Medicine, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
From the archive: Uri Geller's tricks, and willows to the rescue. Nature 2023; 624:45. [PMID: 38052893 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
|
18
|
Pocard M, Slim K, Challeton C. The Journal of Visceral Surgery supports Open Science by providing free access to its archives. J Visc Surg 2023; 160:395-397. [PMID: 37949767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pocard
- Department of Digestive Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Inserm, U1275 CAP Paris-Tech, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Karem Slim
- French-speaking group for improved rehabilitation after surgery (GRACE), 9, allée du Riboulet, 63110 Beaumont, France
| | - Corinne Challeton
- Elsevier Masson SAS, 65, rue Camille-Desmoulins, 92442 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Imker HJ, Schackart KE, Istrate AM, Cook CE. A machine learning-enabled open biodata resource inventory from the scientific literature. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294812. [PMID: 38015968 PMCID: PMC10684096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern biological research depends on data resources. These resources archive difficult-to-reproduce data and provide added-value aggregation, curation, and analyses. Collectively, they constitute a global infrastructure of biodata resources. While the organic proliferation of biodata resources has enabled incredible research, sustained support for the individual resources that make up this distributed infrastructure is a challenge. The Global Biodata Coalition (GBC) was established by research funders in part to aid in developing sustainable funding strategies for biodata resources. An important component of this work is understanding the scope of the resource infrastructure; how many biodata resources there are, where they are, and how they are supported. Existing registries require self-registration and/or extensive curation, and we sought to develop a method for assembling a global inventory of biodata resources that could be periodically updated with minimal human intervention. The approach we developed identifies biodata resources using open data from the scientific literature. Specifically, we used a machine learning-enabled natural language processing approach to identify biodata resources from titles and abstracts of life sciences publications contained in Europe PMC. Pretrained BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) models were fine-tuned to classify publications as describing a biodata resource or not and to predict the resource name using named entity recognition. To improve the quality of the resulting inventory, low-confidence predictions and potential duplicates were manually reviewed. Further information about the resources were then obtained using article metadata, such as funder and geolocation information. These efforts yielded an inventory of 3112 unique biodata resources based on articles published from 2011-2021. The code was developed to facilitate reuse and includes automated pipelines. All products of this effort are released under permissive licensing, including the biodata resource inventory itself (CC0) and all associated code (BSD/MIT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J. Imker
- Global Biodata Coalition, Strasbourg, France
- University Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kenneth E. Schackart
- Global Biodata Coalition, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ana-Maria Istrate
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bonfield S. Society for the History of Psychology: News and notes. Hist Psychol 2023; 26:391-393. [PMID: 37870785 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In this News and Notes column, information about eligibility and how to apply for The David B. Baker Fellowship in the History of Psychology--which supports student research at the Archives of the History of American Psychology--is provided; recent publications and presentations are noted; and P. Croce, Stetson University, briefly describes their visit to Greece and shares a photo of Cheiron, an ancient Greek god. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
21
|
Fortier LA, DeLuca N, Geelan SL, Borbone M, Conway M, Eldermire ERB, Fausak ED, Lindem MJ, Rodriguez-Mori H. Converting the JAVMA and AJVR archives to digital files-an important ongoing project. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1588-1589. [PMID: 37863093 DOI: 10.2460/javma.261.11.1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Fortier
- Editor-in-Chief,JAVMAandAJVR
- Division Director of Publications, AVMA
| | - Nick DeLuca
- Managing Editor,JAVMAandAJVR
- Assistant Director of Publications, AVMA
| | | | | | - Morna Conway
- Former Head of the Flower-Sprecher Veterinary Library at Cornell University
| | | | - Erik D Fausak
- Health Sciences Librarian
- University of California, Davis
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
From the archive: renaming the proton, and enthusiasm for sanitary matters. Nature 2023; 623:924. [PMID: 38017272 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
|
23
|
Fortier LA, DeLuca N, Geelan SL, Borbone M, Conway M, Eldermire ERB, Fausak ED, Lindem MJ, Rodriguez-Mori H. Converting the JAVMA and AJVR archives to digital files-an important ongoing project. Am J Vet Res 2023; 84:ajvr.23.11.editorial. [PMID: 37918113 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.11.editorial] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
|
24
|
Delgado MS. [Fleeing nazism: Alejandro Lipschütz and the cases of Alfons Nehring and Käte Pariser]. Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos 2023; 30:e2023059. [PMID: 37878981 PMCID: PMC10593380 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702023000100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies a shelter network for Jewish scientists displaced by nazism from the archive of Alexander Lipschütz, a physiologist who lived in Chile since 1926. From the context of the anti-Semitic persecution and the way in which it affected German science and their universities, we have analyzed letters sent to and from Lipschütz between 1935 and 1936, with special attention to people who contacted him to flee Germany and considered Latin America as a possibility to live. We suggest this was a network of personal agencies, charged with subjectivities and intimacy, which had to take into account local anti-Semitism and academic xenophobia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Sánchez Delgado
- Profesor asistente, Centro de Estudios Culturales Latinoamericanos/Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades/Universidad de Chile.Santiago de Chile - Chile
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Clawson H, Lee BT, Raney BJ, Barber GP, Casper J, Diekhans M, Fischer C, Gonzalez JN, Hinrichs AS, Lee CM, Nassar LR, Perez G, Wick B, Schmelter D, Speir ML, Armstrong J, Zweig AS, Kuhn RM, Kirilenko BM, Hiller M, Haussler D, Kent WJ, Haeussler M. GenArk: towards a million UCSC genome browsers. Genome Biol 2023; 24:217. [PMID: 37784172 PMCID: PMC10544498 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactive graphical genome browsers are essential tools in genomics, but they do not contain all the recent genome assemblies. We create Genome Archive (GenArk) collection of UCSC Genome Browsers from NCBI assemblies. Built on our established track hub system, this enables fast visualization of annotations. Assemblies come with gene models, repeat masks, BLAT, and in silico PCR. Users can add annotations via track hubs and custom tracks. We can bulk-import third-party resources, demonstrated with TOGA and Ensembl gene models for hundreds of assemblies.Three thousand two hundred sixty-nine GenArk assemblies are listed at https://hgdownload.soe.ucsc.edu/hubs/ and can be searched for on the Genome Browser gateway page.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Clawson
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Brian T Lee
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Brian J Raney
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Galt P Barber
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jonathan Casper
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Mark Diekhans
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Clay Fischer
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | | | - Angie S Hinrichs
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Christopher M Lee
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Luis R Nassar
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Gerardo Perez
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Brittney Wick
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Daniel Schmelter
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Matthew L Speir
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Joel Armstrong
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Ann S Zweig
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Robert M Kuhn
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Bogdan M Kirilenko
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Hiller
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David Haussler
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - W James Kent
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Eccher A, Dei Tos AP, Scarpa A, L'Imperio V, Munari E, Troncone G, Naccarato AG, Seminati D, Pagni F. Cost analysis of archives in the pathology laboratories: from safety to management. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:659-663. [PMID: 37532289 PMCID: PMC10511949 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-209035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite the reluctance to invest and the challenging estimation of necessary supporting costs, optimising the archives seems to be one of the hottest topics in the future management of the pathology laboratories. Historically, archives were only partially designed to securely store and organise tissue specimens, and tracking systems were often flawed, posing significant risks to patients' health and legal ramifications for pathologists. OBJECTIVE The current review explores the available data from the literature on archives' management in pathology, including comprehensive business plans, structure setup, outfit, inventories, ongoing conservation and functional charges. DATA SOURCES Electronic searches in PubMed-MEDLINE and Embase were made to extract pertinent articles from the literature. Works about the archiving process and storage were included and analysed to extract information. Prepublication servers were ignored. Italian Institutional Regional databases for public competitive bidding processes were queried too. CONCLUSIONS A new emergent feeling in the pathology laboratory is growing for archives management; the digital pathology era is a great opportunity to apply innovation to tracking systems and samples preservation. The main aim is a critical evaluation of the return of investment in developing automatic and tracked archiving processes for improving not only quality, efficacy and efficiency of the labs but also patients' healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albino Eccher
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo L'Imperio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Munari
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Public Health, University of Naples Federico II School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Davide Seminati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Pagni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ribeiro ACRDC, Marques MCDC. [Traces of epidemics in the fringes of pain: memory of Spanish flu from a local history perspective, Botucatu (São Paulo state), 1918]. Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos 2023; 30Suppl 1:e2023061. [PMID: 37971059 PMCID: PMC10642721 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702023000100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This article takes a local history perspective to scrutinize how the memory of suffering that surrounded the Spanish flu epidemic of 1918 in Botucatu, São Paulo state, has been evoked, challenged, and transmuted over time, producing representations in strategies and practices, and understandings that end up constituting a meaning-making social reality. In this historiographic endeavor, historical vestiges were brought together from a variety of the city's archives between September and October 2021 in a bid to reveal the historical processes that were accreted and deposited in the social fabric and fibers, and which, under the processes of time, were changed and reworked, bringing forth the ineffable mark of Spanish flu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cristina da Costa Marques
- Professora, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Pública/Faculdade de Saúde Pública/Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo - SP - Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
From the archive: soap success, and Michael Faraday's lecture tips. Nature 2023; 622:704. [PMID: 37875621 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
|
29
|
From the archive: animal behaviour, and Darwin discusses organ loss. Nature 2023; 622:467. [PMID: 37848523 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
|
30
|
Benjakob O, Guley O, Sevin JM, Blondel L, Augustoni A, Collet M, Jouveshomme L, Amit R, Linder A, Aviram R. Wikipedia as a tool for contemporary history of science: A case study on CRISPR. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290827. [PMID: 37703244 PMCID: PMC10499201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid developments and methodological divides hinder the study of how scientific knowledge accumulates, consolidates and transfers to the public sphere. Our work proposes using Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia, as a historiographical source for contemporary science. We chose the high-profile field of gene editing as our test case, performing a historical analysis of the English-language Wikipedia articles on CRISPR. Using a mixed-method approach, we qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed the CRISPR article's text, sections and references, alongside 50 affiliated articles. These, we found, documented the CRISPR field's maturation from a fundamental scientific discovery to a biotechnological revolution with vast social and cultural implications. We developed automated tools to support such research and demonstrated its applicability to two other scientific fields-coronavirus and circadian clocks. Our method utilizes Wikipedia as a digital and free archive, showing it can document the incremental growth of knowledge and the manner scientific research accumulates and translates into public discourse. Using Wikipedia in this manner compliments and overcomes some issues with contemporary histories and can also augment existing bibliometric research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Benjakob
- System Engineering and Evolution Dynamics, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Learning Planet Institute, Paris, France
| | - Olha Guley
- System Engineering and Evolution Dynamics, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Learning Planet Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sevin
- System Engineering and Evolution Dynamics, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Learning Planet Institute, Paris, France
| | - Leo Blondel
- System Engineering and Evolution Dynamics, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Learning Planet Institute, Paris, France
| | - Ariane Augustoni
- System Engineering and Evolution Dynamics, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Learning Planet Institute, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Collet
- System Engineering and Evolution Dynamics, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Learning Planet Institute, Paris, France
| | - Louise Jouveshomme
- System Engineering and Evolution Dynamics, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Learning Planet Institute, Paris, France
| | - Roy Amit
- Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel Linder
- System Engineering and Evolution Dynamics, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Learning Planet Institute, Paris, France
| | - Rona Aviram
- System Engineering and Evolution Dynamics, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Learning Planet Institute, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
He Z, Shen X, Wang B, Xu L, Ling Q. CT radiomics for noninvasively predicting NQO1 expression levels in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290900. [PMID: 37695786 PMCID: PMC10495018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Using noninvasive radiomics to predict pathological biomarkers is an innovative work worthy of exploration. This retrospective cohort study aimed to analyze the correlation between NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) expression levels and the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to construct radiomic models to predict the expression levels of NQO1 prior to surgery. Data of patients with HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the corresponding arterial phase-enhanced CT images from The Cancer Imaging Archive were obtained for prognosis analysis, radiomic feature extraction, and model development. In total, 286 patients with HCC from TCGA were included. According to the cut-off value calculated using R, patients were divided into high-expression (n = 143) and low-expression groups (n = 143). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that higher NQO1 expression levels were significantly associated with worse prognosis in patients with HCC (p = 0.017). Further multivariate analysis confirmed that high NQO1 expression was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (HR = 1.761, 95% CI: 1.136-2.73, p = 0.011). Based on the arterial phase-enhanced CT images, six radiomic features were extracted, and a new bi-regional radiomics model was established, which could noninvasively predict higher NQO1 expression with good performance. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.9079 (95% CI 0.8127-1.0000). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.86, 0.88, and 0.84, respectively, with a threshold value of 0.404. The data verification of our center showed that this model has good predictive efficiency, with an AUC of 0.8791 (95% CI 0.6979-1.0000). In conclusion, there existed a significant correlation between the CT image features and the expression level of NQO1, which could indirectly reflect the prognosis of patients with HCC. The predictive model based on arterial phase CT imaging features has good stability and diagnostic efficiency and is a potential means of identifying the expression level of NQO1 in HCC tissues before surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zenglei He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Shen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qi Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
From the archive: the value of MSc degrees, and painting tips. Nature 2023; 621:263. [PMID: 37700044 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
|
33
|
From the archive: enchanting insects, and John Stuart Mill's will. Nature 2023; 621:44. [PMID: 37670059 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
|
34
|
Boon T. Presidential Address 'Some years of cudgelling my brains about the nature and function of science museums': Frank Sherwood Taylor and the public role of the history of science. Br J Hist Sci 2023; 56:283-307. [PMID: 37434446 DOI: 10.1017/s0007087423000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Frank Sherwood Taylor was director of the Science Museum London for just over five years from October 1950. He was the only historian of science ever to have been director of this institution, which has always ridden a tightrope between advocacy of science and advocacy of its history, balancing differently at different points in its history. He was also president of the BSHS from 1951 to 1953. So what happened when a historian got his hands on the nation's pre-eminent public museum of science? To what extent did his historian's training and instincts affect his policies whilst director, and with what effect in the longer term? Taking this exceptional case, I suggest, enables us to consider how museum accounts of the past of science relate to historiographies of science otherwise available in the culture. In this discussion, drawing on new archival research, I consider the role of history within a key policy paper he wrote in 1951. I analyse and contextualize its main themes before considering, by way of conclusion, his legacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Boon
- Science Museum Group, Exhibition Road, London, UK; Department of Science and Technology Studies, UCL, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cameron P, LeBlanc C, Mahalik A, O’Hearn S, Simpson C. "Head of the Class": equity discourses related to department head appointments at one Canadian medical school. Can Med Educ J 2023; 14:25-34. [PMID: 37719409 PMCID: PMC10500387 DOI: 10.36834/cmej.76208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Equitable appointments of departmental leaders in medical schools have lagged behind other Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) advancements. The purpose of this research was to 1) analyze how policy documents communicate changing ideas of EDI, employment equity, and departmental leadership; and 2) investigate department heads' (DH) perspectives on EDI policies and practices. Methods We conducted a critical discourse analysis to examine underlying assumptions shaping EDI and departmental leadership in one Canadian medical school. We created and analyzed a textual archive of EDI documents (n = 17, 107 pages) and in-depth interviews with past (n = 6) and current (n = 12) DH (830 minutes; 177 pages). Results Documents framed EDI as: a legal requirement; an aspiration; and historical reparation. In interviews, participants framed EDI as: affirmative action; relationships; numerical representation; and relinquishing privilege. We noted inconsistent definitions of equity-deserving groups. Conclusions Change is slowly happening, with emerging awareness of white privilege, allyship, co-conspiracy, and the minority tax. However, there is more urgent work to be done. This work requires an intersectional lens. Centering the voices, and taking cues from equity-deserving leaders and scholars will help ensure that EDI pathways, such as those used to cultivate department leaders, are more inclusive, effective, and aligned with intentions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cameron
- Department of Continuing Professional Development and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Constance LeBlanc
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Anne Mahalik
- Department of Continuing Professional Development and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Shawna O’Hearn
- Global Health Office, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Christy Simpson
- Department of Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Olivares Sandoval O. Colima volcano's archive of observations: The invention of a geological history from Johann Mortiz Rugendas to Paul Waitz. Endeavour 2023; 47:100884. [PMID: 37806077 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In 1936 the Austrian geologist Paul Waitz published a seminal bibliographical, historical essay on Colima volcano, Mexico. His article exemplifies well the paths by which geology became what Lorraine Daston has termed sciences of the archive, that is, the manner in which scientific disciplines became concerned with archival work. Waitz's historical description of studies of Colima volcano built a genealogy of observations, ultimately constructing a history of the volcano itself. By bringing attention not only to Waitz's discourse but also to his treatment of visual objects, such as pictorial and photographic landscapes, my article points out how long-term aesthetics, such as the picturesque and the sublime, functioned as tropes which enabled a standardized perception, essential to visualize a clear history of scientific observations, from the landscape paintings of the nineteenth-century artist Johann Moritz Rugendas to Waitz's own photographs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Olivares Sandoval
- Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Coyoacán, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
From the archive: harmful insects, and Michael Faraday battles jargon. Nature 2023; 621:480. [PMID: 37726443 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
|
38
|
Loulad S, Nguyen TT, Simou MR, Rhinane H, Buerkert A. Monitoring rural-urban transformation in the coastal region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290829. [PMID: 37651348 PMCID: PMC10470892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide urbanization drives rural-urban transformation (RUT) which has major consequences in many countries of the Global South where there is an urgent need to better understand and manage the underlying processes and consequences for ecosystem services. To fill existing knowledge gaps on the extent and time course of RUT in Morocco, this study focused on (i) analyzing the spatial patterns of rural-urban transformation in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra (RSK) region from 1972 to 2020, (ii) identifying key mechanisms of change, and (iii) defining the main driving forces behind the spatial transformation patterns. To this end, we processed data of the Landsat free archive, historical grayscale Corona images, and nighttime lights datasets on Google Earth Engine (GEE) using machine learning classifiers and LandTrendr spectral-temporal segmentation algorithms. With an overall accuracy (OA) ranging from 88-95%, the results revealed that during the study period the RSK region experienced a 473% growth of horizontal built-up reflected in an area increase from 63.4 km2 to 299.9 km2. The main changes occurred along the Kenitra-Rabat-Temara axis and in central cities connected to the main road network. The horizontal expansion of large and medium-sized cities led to the formation of a Rural-Urban Interface (RUI) on the outskirts. The urban sprawl of some cities has affected the surrounding rural lands within the RUI. Environmental, social, economic, and political forces have interacted in shaping the changes in rural-urban landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safia Loulad
- Geosciences Laboratory, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Thanh Thi Nguyen
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Rabii Simou
- Geosciences Laboratory, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hassan Rhinane
- Geosciences Laboratory, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Andreas Buerkert
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Harris B. Archival oddities: Rosalie Rayner's application to take graduate classes. Hist Psychol 2023; 26:279-281. [PMID: 37561470 DOI: 10.1037/h0101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
In the history of psychology, Rosalie Rayner is known as a research assistant to behaviorist John B. Watson in the study of a baby named Albert, coauthor of articles describing that research, and coauthor of Psychological Care of Infant and Child. Rayner also wrote two magazine articles about her experience as a mother and the wife of Watson (Harris, 2014). Thanks to archivist James Stimpert, the author discovered that she was never a candidate for a graduate degree. In fall of 1919, she applied to take graduate classes at Hopkins and was accepted (Figure 1). However, she applied 2 weeks after classes had begun and never registered for any courses in the fall or spring semesters. Even more interesting, her application was approved by Watson on the same day she applied, which was a Saturday. The current author agrees with Romano-Lax and suggest that we appreciate Rayner's life and work without claiming her as a psychologist. While she deserves credit for her contributions to the Albert study and coauthored book on child care, her own voice is best heard when she looked beyond the field of psychology. In her 1932 article, "what future has motherhood?" she addressed the broader question of how the family could be restructured, which was being debated by feminists and other social reformers. While not consistently feminist, her perspective was dramatically different from her husband's. In Rayner Watson's view of the future, child care and other domestic work would be collectivized, as was being tried in the Soviet Union, freeing women for any activities they choose (Harris, 2014; R. R. Watson, 1932). Clearly, she had long left the laboratory, and her contributions should not be reduced to the "study of behavioral psychology" (Smirle, 2013). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
40
|
From the archive: colour constancy, and an atomic romance. Nature 2023; 620:957. [PMID: 37644202 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
|
41
|
Herbst DF, Rampon J, Baleeiro B, Silva LG, Fossile T, Colonese AC. 180 years of marine animal diversity as perceived by public media in southern Brazil. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284024. [PMID: 37384661 PMCID: PMC10309598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Commoditization of marine resources has dramatically increased anthropogenic footprints on coastal and ocean systems, but the scale of these impacts remain unclear due to a pervasive lack of historical baselines. Through the analysis of historical newspapers, this paper explores changes in marine animals (vertebrates and invertebrates) targeted by historical fisheries in southern Brazil since the late 19th century. The investigation of historical newspaper archives revealed unprecedented information on catch composition, and perceived social and economic importance of key species over decades, predating official national-level landing records. We show that several economically and culturally important species have been under persistent fishing pressure at least since the first national-scale subsidies were introduced for commercial fisheries in Brazil in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Our work expands the current knowledge on historical fish catch compositions in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, while advocating for the integration of historical data in ocean sustainability initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dannieli Firme Herbst
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA) and Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jara Rampon
- Departament of Ecology and Zoology, ECZ/CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruna Baleeiro
- Departament of Ecology and Zoology, ECZ/CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luiz Geraldo Silva
- Department of History, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil
| | - Thiago Fossile
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA) and Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - André Carlo Colonese
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA) and Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Aturban M, Klein M, Van de Sompel H, Alam S, Nelson ML, Weigle MC. Hashes are not suitable to verify fixity of the public archived web. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286879. [PMID: 37294783 PMCID: PMC10256179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Web archives, such as the Internet Archive, preserve the web and allow access to prior states of web pages. We implicitly trust their versions of archived pages, but as their role moves from preserving curios of the past to facilitating present day adjudication, we are concerned with verifying the fixity of archived web pages, or mementos, to ensure they have always remained unaltered. A widely used technique in digital preservation to verify the fixity of an archived resource is to periodically compute a cryptographic hash value on a resource and then compare it with a previous hash value. If the hash values generated on the same resource are identical, then the fixity of the resource is verified. We tested this process by conducting a study on 16,627 mementos from 17 public web archives. We replayed and downloaded the mementos 39 times using a headless browser over a period of 442 days and generated a hash for each memento after each download, resulting in 39 hashes per memento. The hash is calculated by including not only the content of the base HTML of a memento but also all embedded resources, such as images and style sheets. We expected to always observe the same hash for a memento regardless of the number of downloads. However, our results indicate that 88.45% of mementos produce more than one unique hash value, and about 16% (or one in six) of those mementos always produce different hash values. We identify and quantify the types of changes that cause the same memento to produce different hashes. These results point to the need for defining an archive-aware hashing function, as conventional hashing functions are not suitable for replayed archived web pages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aturban
- Computer and Mathematical Sciences Department, Columbia College, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Martin Klein
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | | | - Sawood Alam
- Internet Archive, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Nelson
- Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michele C. Weigle
- Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
van Meurs E, Rehr JP, Raue-Behlau C, Strauss B. No relevant spectator impact on home advantage in male and female professional volleyball - A longitudinal multilevel logistic model analysis over 25 years. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 66:102401. [PMID: 37665863 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Home advantage (HA) regularly occurs in volleyball (Pollard et al., 2017: men: 56.62%, women: 55.26%). Research to date has investigated primarily small samples of mostly female matches and not looked into the potential impact of spectators on HA. This archival analysis uses multilevel modelling to examine HA in professional German volleyball (men & women) over 25 seasons in all regular and play-off matches (N = 6,833). We analyze how spectators drive HA and whether this projects to the COVID-19 season 2020/21. When intercepts varied between teams (2-level model, ICC = 27%), the winning probability increased when playing at home (men: 57.01%, ORmen = 2.39, d = 0.48; women: 55.39%, ORwomen = 2.19, d = 0.43), while controlling for team strength, interaction with gender, and travelling distance. More spectators had a negligible effect on the men's and women's chances (|d| < 0.07). Similar trends were observed for the probability of winning sets. Contrary to other team sports (e.g., soccer), there is no HA-development over the last decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edda van Meurs
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Germany.
| | - Jan-Philipp Rehr
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Strauss
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
From the archive: aggressive anemones, and Louis Pasteur's birthday. Nature 2023; 617:684. [PMID: 37221332 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-01633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
|
45
|
Mlynář J. Harold Garfinkel and Edward Rose in the early years of ethnomethodology. J Hist Behav Sci 2023; 59:171-192. [PMID: 36441666 DOI: 10.1002/jhbs.22237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article documents the beginning of the intellectual companionship between the founder of ethnomethodology, Harold Garfinkel, and Edward Rose, who is most often associated with his program of "ethno-inquiries." I present results from archival research focusing on the contacts and collaborations between Rose and Garfinkel in the years 1955-1965. First, I describe the review process for Rose and Felton's paper, submitted to the American Sociological Review in 1955, which Garfinkel reviewed and after Rose's rebuttal recommended for publication. The paper induced Garfinkel to write an extensive commentary that has remained unpublished. Second, I discuss the 1958 New Mexico conference sponsored by the Air Force, which was an opportunity for Rose and Garfinkel to work together on topics related to common-sense knowledge and scientific knowledge. Third, I give an overview of the ethnomethodological conferences in 1962 and 1963, supported by an Air Force grant written collaboratively by Rose and Garfinkel. Here I focus primarily on Rose's research on "small languages," which stimulated many discussions among the early ethnomethodologists. Rose's work and exchanges with Garfinkel demonstrate the former's affinity for miniaturization as a research approach and search for ways to empiricize topics of sociological theory in locally observable settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Mlynář
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Informatics, HES-SO Valais-Wallis - University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Sierre, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lussi YC, Magrane M, Martin MJ, Orchard S. Searching and Navigating UniProt Databases. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e700. [PMID: 36912607 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) is a comprehensive resource for protein sequence and annotation data. The UniProt website receives about 800,000 unique visitors per month and is the primary means to access UniProt. It provides 10 searchable datasets and four main tools. The key UniProt datasets are the UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB), the UniProt Reference Clusters (UniRef), the UniProt Archive (UniParc), and protein sets for completely sequenced genomes (Proteomes). Other supporting datasets include information about proteins that is present in UniProtKB protein entries, such as literature citations, taxonomy, and subcellular locations, among others. This article focuses on how to use UniProt datasets. The first basic protocol describes navigation and searching mechanisms for the UniProt datasets, and two additional protocols build on the first protocol to describe advanced search and query building. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Searching UniProt datasets Basic Protocol 2: Advanced search and query building Basis Protocol 3: Adding parameters using advanced search.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne C Lussi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Magrane
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria J Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Orchard
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
From the archive: the cell cycle and Antarctic exploration. Nature 2023; 615:594. [PMID: 36944745 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
|
48
|
Lombardo GP, Romano A. The degree course in psychology in Rome in the history of Italian psychology. Hist Psychol 2023; 26:76-94. [PMID: 36480363 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Italian academic psychology found its first location in the Anthropological Museum of the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Rome, where in 1890 a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology was established. In 1905, the first three Chairs of Experimental Psychology at the Universities of Turin, Rome, and Naples were created. These were followed in the subsequent years by others, until 1930, in other academic institutions. After many years and a long period of crisis linked to the fascist regime, only after the World War II (WWII), with the rebirth of the country, did psychology gradually rebuild its status as a scientific discipline. Within this framework of the renewal of society and university studies, in 1971, two degree courses were instituted in Rome and Padua. Based on research in central and local academic archives and on an analysis of the secondary literature, the gestation phase of the 4-year degree course in Psychology, the progressive establishment of the Psychology Departments, and the 5-year reform of the courses up to the birth of the first Faculty of Psychology at an Italian university are reconstructed. The aim of this article is to propose a well-founded discontinuist historiographical reading of the process of sedimentation of psychological experimentation that, after being born in the Faculty of Sciences and later transferring to the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, also led to important developments in the Faculty of Education, with the recognition of an autonomous academic space of scientific discipline with a degree course, departments and finally the Faculty of Psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Romano
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Facchinetti C. On the artistic production of the alienated: history of theories and practices of Brazilian alienism, 1852-1902. Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos 2023; 29:27-46. [PMID: 36629669 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702022000500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The article deals with the presence of artistic manifestations of inmates of the Hospício de Pedro II, the first psychiatric institution in Latin America (1852-1902). The methodological framework chosen focused on the historicisation of the framing processes of mental illness, in order to demonstrate its consequences for the notion of the subject and the art he produces and in the process of circulation of this knowledge in Brazil. Derrida's concept of archive fever was used to analyse the reasons why such manifestations and the therapies used based on them were ignored by local narratives about the artistic manifestations of individuals in asylums.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Facchinetti
- Pesquisadora, professora, Programa de Pós-graduação de História das Ciências e da Saúde / Casa de Oswaldo Cruz / Fiocruz . Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Alcolado GM, Rowa K, Milosevic I, McCabe RE. Do all obsessions contradict personal values to the same degree? A pilot investigation. Bull Menninger Clin 2023; 87:291-312. [PMID: 37695881 DOI: 10.1521/bumc.2023.87.3.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Although much is known about how intrusive thoughts become obsessions, the factors that determine which particular thoughts do so is not. The degree to which intrusions are personally significant may be such a determinant. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is heterogeneous; thus, it is possible that contradictions of personal values may play a varying role in the development of obsessions depending on which OCD symptoms manifest and may change differentially following treatment. Archival data were examined. Patients with a diagnosis of OCD (N = 62) reported their most upsetting obsession and the degree to which it violated values both pre- and postparticipation in group cognitive-behavioral therapy for OCD. At pretreatment, contradiction ratings differed across symptom domains, such that participants with primary symptoms of obsessions/checking exhibited contradiction ratings that were significantly greater than did participants with other primary symptoms. Contradiction ratings did not change posttreatment. Implications for the conceptualization of OCD are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian M Alcolado
- Assistant professor in the Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Karen Rowa
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
- Associate Professors in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Irena Milosevic
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
- Associate Professors in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Randi E McCabe
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
- Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|