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Yang DM, Fu TF, Lin CS, Chiu TY, Huang CC, Huang HY, Chung MW, Lin YS, Manurung RV, Nguyen PNN, Chang YF. High-performance FRET biosensors for single-cell and in vivo lead detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 168:112571. [PMID: 32892119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Forms of lead (Pb) have been insidiously invading human life for thousands of years without obvious signs of their considerable danger to human health. Blood lead level (BLL) is the routine measure used for diagnosing the degree of lead intoxication, although it is unclear whether there is any safe range of BLL. To develop a practical detection tool for living organisms, we engineered a genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based Pb2+ biosensor, 'Met-lead 1.44 M1', with excellent performance. Met-lead 1.44 M1 has an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 25.97 nM, a detection limit (LOD) of 10 nM (2.0 ppb/0.2 μg/dL), and an enhancement dynamic ratio of nearly ~ 5-fold upon Pb2+ binding. The 10 nM sensitivity of Met-lead 1.44 M1 is five times below the World Health Organization-permitted level of lead in tap water (10 ppb; WHO, 2017), and fifteen times lower than the maximum BLL for children (3 μg/dL). We deployed Met-lead 1.44 M1 to measure Pb2+ concentrations in different living models, including two general human cell lines and one specific line, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes, as well as in widely used model species in plant (Arabidopsis thaliana) and animal (Drosophila melanogaster) research. Our results suggest that this new biosensor is suitable for lead toxicological research in vitro and in vivo, and will pave the way toward potential applications for both low BLL measures and rapid detection of environmental lead in its divalent form.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ming Yang
- Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan; Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Sec-2, Li Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan; Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Feng Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, 54561, Taiwan
| | - Choun-Sea Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center (ABRC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yu Chiu
- Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Huang
- Core Facilities for Translational Medicines, BioTReC, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan; LumiSTAR Biotechnology, Inc., National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wen Chung
- LumiSTAR Biotechnology, Inc., National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Syuan Lin
- Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Robeth Viktoria Manurung
- Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunication, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Indonesia
| | | | - Yu-Fen Chang
- LumiSTAR Biotechnology, Inc., National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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Huang KC, Wang ML, Chen SJ, Kuo JC, Wang WJ, Nhi Nguyen PN, Wahlin KJ, Lu JF, Tran AA, Shi M, Chien Y, Yarmishyn AA, Tsai PH, Yang TC, Jane WN, Chang CC, Peng CH, Schlaeger TM, Chiou SH. Morphological and Molecular Defects in Human Three-Dimensional Retinal Organoid Model of X-Linked Juvenile Retinoschisis. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:906-923. [PMID: 31668851 PMCID: PMC6895767 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS), linked to mutations in the RS1 gene, is a degenerative retinopathy with a retinal splitting phenotype. We generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from patients to study XLRS in a 3D retinal organoid in vitro differentiation system. This model recapitulates key features of XLRS including retinal splitting, defective retinoschisin production, outer-segment defects, abnormal paxillin turnover, and impaired ER-Golgi transportation. RS1 mutation also affects the development of photoreceptor sensory cilia and results in altered expression of other retinopathy-associated genes. CRISPR/Cas9 correction of the disease-associated C625T mutation normalizes the splitting phenotype, outer-segment defects, paxillin dynamics, ciliary marker expression, and transcriptome profiles. Likewise, mutating RS1 in control hiPSCs produces the disease-associated phenotypes. Finally, we show that the C625T mutation can be repaired precisely and efficiently using a base-editing approach. Taken together, our data establish 3D organoids as a valid disease model. hiPSC-derived retinal organoid model recapitulates key features of XLRS CRISPR/Cas9 correction normalizes RS1 secretion and retinal development Transcriptome analysis links XLRS to other hereditary retinopathies
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Chieh Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Phan Nguyen Nhi Nguyen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Karl J Wahlin
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jyh-Feng Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Audrey A Tran
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Shi
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | | | - Ping-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chun Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wann-Neng Jane
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital & Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei 11101, Taiwan
| | - Thorsten M Schlaeger
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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Yang YP, Nguyen PNN, Lin TC, Yarmishyn AA, Chen WS, Hwang DK, Chiou GY, Lin TW, Chien CS, Tsai CY, Chiou SH, Chen SJ, Peng CH, Hsu CC. Glutamate Stimulation Dysregulates AMPA Receptors-Induced Signal Transduction Pathway in Leber's Inherited Optic Neuropathy Patient-Specific hiPSC-Derived Retinal Ganglion Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060625. [PMID: 31234430 PMCID: PMC6627514 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial genetic disorder, Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), is caused by a mutation in MT-ND4 gene, encoding NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4. It leads to the progressive death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and causes visual impairment or even blindness. However, the precise mechanisms of LHON disease penetrance and progression are not completely elucidated. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer unique opportunities to investigate disease-relevant phenotypes and regulatory mechanisms underlying LHON pathogenesis at the cellular level. In this study, we successfully generated RGCs by differentiation of LHON patient-specific hiPSCs. We modified the protocol of differentiation to obtain a more enriched population of single-cell RGCs for LHON study. Based on assessing morphology, expression of specific markers and electrophysiological activity, we found that LHON-specific hiPSC-derived were more defective in comparison with normal wild-type RGCs. Based on our previous study, whereby by using microarray analysis we identified that the components of glutamatergic synapse signaling pathway were significantly downregulated in LHON-specific RGCs, we focused our study on glutamate-associated α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. We found that the protein expression levels of the subunits of the AMPA receptor, GluR1 and GluR2, and their associated scaffold proteins were decreased in LHON-RGCs. By performing the co-immunoprecipitation assay, we found several differences in the efficiencies of interaction between AMPA subunits and scaffold proteins between normal and LHON-specific RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Phan Nguyen Nhi Nguyen
- Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Chi Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Aliaksandr A Yarmishyn
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Wun-Syuan Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - De-Kuang Hwang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Guang-Yuh Chiou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chian-Shiu Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yao Tsai
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 103, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Hsien Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei 242, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chien Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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Tsai PH, Wang ML, Chang JH, Yarmishyn AA, Nhi Nguyen PN, Chen W, Chien Y, Huo TI, Mou CY, Chiou SH. Dual Delivery of HNF4α and Cisplatin by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Inhibits Cancer Pluripotency and Tumorigenicity in Hepatoma-Derived CD133-Expressing Stem Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:19808-19818. [PMID: 31066542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly malignancies characterized by high rate of recurrence. Tumor recurrence is often attributed to the presence of a subpopulation of cells with stem cell properties, referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Traditionally, cancer therapies target the entire bulk of tumor cells; however, they are poorly effective against CSCs, characterized by higher drug resistance. Therefore, approaches targeting CSCs may be required in addition to conventional chemotherapy to prevent tumor recurrence. In this study, we investigated an approach to target HCC by combining the conventional chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin, to target the bulk of tumor cells, and differentiation therapy by delivering the gene encoding HNF4α, an important regulator of hepatocyte differentiation, to target CSCs. We used the Huh7 cell line as an in vitro model of HCC, which is characterized by a high proportion of CD133-expressing CSCs. By using flow cytometry, we separated CD133+ and CD133- Huh7 cell subpopulations and have shown that the former has highly pronounced in vivo tumorigenic capacity in contrast to the latter, which could not generate tumors in vivo. For the dual delivery of HNF4α-encoding plasmid and cisplatin, we used polyethyleneimine-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PMSNs) as the nanocarriers. Here, we show that the treatment of CD133-expressing Huh7 cells with HNF4α-loaded PMSNs can suppress their proliferation rate, decrease the proportion of CSCs, downregulate stemness-associated genes, and increase the expression of mature hepatocyte-associated genes. At the same time, the treatment of Huh7 with PMSNs loaded with both HNF4α-encoding plasmid and cisplatin could block them in the S-phase of the cell cycle and cause apoptosis. In addition, dually loaded PMSNs were the most efficient formulation in suppressing tumor growth in vivo. To summarize, in this study, we tested the nanoparticle-based delivery system as both chemotherapy and gene-based therapy agents, which has great potential for development of effective treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , 11217 Taipei , Taiwan
- School of Medicine , National Yang-Ming University , 11221 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Department of Medical Research , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , 11217 Taipei , Taiwan
- School of Medicine , National Yang-Ming University , 11221 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , 10617 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Aliaksandr A Yarmishyn
- Department of Medical Research , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , 11217 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Phan Nguyen Nhi Nguyen
- Department of Medical Research , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , 11217 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , 10617 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , 11217 Taipei , Taiwan
- School of Medicine , National Yang-Ming University , 11221 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ia Huo
- Department of Medical Research , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , 11217 Taipei , Taiwan
- School of Medicine , National Yang-Ming University , 11221 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuan Mou
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , 10617 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , 11217 Taipei , Taiwan
- School of Medicine , National Yang-Ming University , 11221 Taipei , Taiwan
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Nguyen PNN, Choo KB, Huang CJ, Sugii S, Cheong SK, Kamarul T. miR-524-5p of the primate-specific C19MC miRNA cluster targets TP53IPN1- and EMT-associated genes to regulate cellular reprogramming. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:214. [PMID: 28962647 PMCID: PMC5622517 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Introduction of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) is able to ‘reprogram’ somatic cells to become induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to enhance reprogramming efficiency when co-expressed with the OSKM factors. The primate-specific chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) is essential in primate reproduction, development, and differentiation. miR-524-5p, a C19MC member, is highly homologous to the reprogramming miR-520d-5p; we also reported that miR-524-5p was expressed in iPSCs but not mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This study aimed to elucidate possible contributions of miR-524-5p to the reprogramming process. Methods A miR-524-5p precursor was introduced into human fibroblast HFF-1 in the presence of OSKM, and the relative number of embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like colonies that stained positively with alkaline phosphatase (AP) and Nanog were quantified to determine reprogramming efficiency. A miR-524-5p mimic was transfected to MSCs to investigate the effects of miR-524-5p on TP53INP1, ZEB2, and SMAD4 expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. Direct gene targeting was confirmed by luciferase activity. A phylogenetic tree of TP53INP1 was constructed by the Clustal method. Contribution of miR-524-5p to cell proliferation and apoptosis was examined by cell counts, BrdU, MTT, and cell death assays, and pluripotency gene expression by real-time PCR. Results Co-expressing the miR-524 precursor with OSKM resulted in a two-fold significant increase in the number of AP- and Nanog-positive ESC-like colonies, indicating a role for miR-524-5p in reprogramming. The putative target, TP53INP1, showed an inverse expression relationship with miR-524-5p; direct TP53INP1 targeting was confirmed in luciferase assays. miR-524-5p-induced TP53INP1 downregulation enhanced cell proliferation, suppressed apoptosis, and upregulated the expression of pluripotency genes, all of which are critical early events of the reprogramming process. Interestingly, the TP53INP1 gene may have co-evolved late with the primate-specific miR-524-5p. miR-524-5p also promoted mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), a required initial event of reprogramming, by directly targeting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes, ZEB2 and SMAD4. Conclusions Via targeting TP53INP1, ZEB2, and SMAD4, miR-524-5p contributes to the early stage of inducing pluripotency by promoting cell proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, upregulating expression of pluripotency genes, and enhancing MET. Other C19MC miRNAs may have similar reprogramming functions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0666-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Nguyen Nhi Nguyen
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia. .,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia.
| | - Chiu-Jung Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Singapore BioImaging Consortium A*Star, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nguyen PNN, Huang CJ, Sugii S, Cheong SK, Choo KB. Selective activation of miRNAs of the primate-specific chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) in cancer and stem cells and possible contribution to regulation of apoptosis. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:20. [PMID: 28270145 PMCID: PMC5341377 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) of 43 genes is a primate-specific miRNA cluster that may have biological significance in the genetic complexity of the primate. Despite previous reports on individual C19MC miRNA expression in cancer and stem cells, systematic studies on C19MC miRNA expression and biological functions are lacking. Results Cluster-wide C19MC miRNA expression profiling by microarray analysis showed wholesome C19MC activation in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, in multipotent adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and a unipotent human white pre-adipocyte cell line, only selected C19MC miRNAs were expressed. MiRNA copy number analysis also showed selective C19MC expression in cancer cells with expression patterns highly similar to those in MSCs, suggesting similar miRNA regulatory mechanisms in these cells. Selective miRNA expression also suggests complex transcriptional mechanism(s) regulating C19MC expression under specific cellular and pathological conditions. Bioinformatics analysis showed that sixteen of the C19MC miRNAs share the same “AAGUGC” seed sequence with members of the miR-302/-372 family, which are known cellular reprogramming factors. In particular, C19MC-AAGUGC-miRNAs with the nucleotides 2-7 canonical seed position as in miR-302/-372 miRNAs, may play similar roles as miR-302/-372 in induced pluripotency. A biased 3p-arm selection of the C19MC-AAGUGC-miRNAs was observed indicating that targets of the 3p species of these miRNAs may be biologically significant in regulating stemness. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis of the putative targets of the C19MC-AAGUGC-miRNAs predicted significant involvement of signaling pathways in reprogramming, many of which contribute to promoting apoptosis by indirect activation of the pro-apoptotic proteins BAK/BAX via suppression of genes of the cell survival pathways, or by enhancing caspase-8 activation through targeting inhibitors of TRAIL-inducing apoptosis. Conclusions This work demonstrated selective C19MC expression in MSCs and cancer cells, and, through miRNA profiling and bioinformatics analysis, predicted C19MC modulation of apoptosis in induced pluripotency and tumorigenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-017-0326-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Nguyen Nhi Nguyen
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Postgraduate Program, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chiu-Jung Huang
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science & Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Singapore BioImaging Consortium, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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7
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Choo KB, Soon YL, Nguyen PNN, Hiew MSY, Huang CJ. MicroRNA-5p and -3p co-expression and cross-targeting in colon cancer cells. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:95. [PMID: 25287248 PMCID: PMC4195866 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two mature miRNA species may be generated from the 5’ and 3’ arms of a pre-miRNA precursor. In most cases, only one species remains while the complementary species is degraded. However, co-existence of miRNA-5p and -3p species is increasingly being reported. In this work, we aimed to systematically investigate co-expression of miRNA-5p/3p in colon cancer cells in a genome-wide analysis, and to examine cross-targeting of the dysregulated miRNAs and 5p/3p species. Results Four colon cancer cell lines were examined relative to two normal colon tissues. Of the 1,190 miRNAs analyzed, 92 and 36 were found to be up- or down-regulated, respectively, in cancer cells. Nineteen co-expressed miRNA-5p/3p pairs were further identified suggesting frequent 5p/3p co-accumulation in colon cancer cells. Of these, 14 pairs were co-up-regulated and 3 pairs were co-down-regulated indicating concerted 5p/3p dysregulation. Nine dysregulated miRNA pairs fell into three miRNA gene families, namely let-7, mir-8/200 and mir-17, which showed frequent cross-targeting in the metastasis process. Focusing on the let-7d-5p/3p pair, the respectively targeted IGF1R and KRAS were shown to be in a reverse relationship with expression of the respective miRNA, which was confirmed in transient transfection assays using let-7d mimic or inhibitor. Targeting of KRAS by let-7d was previous reported; targeting of IGF1R by let-7d-5p was confirmed in luciferase assays in this study. The findings of let-7d-5p/3p and multiple other miRNAs targeting IGF1R, KRAS and other metastasis-related factors suggest that 5p/3p miRNAs contribute to cross-targeting of multiple cancer-associated factors and processes possibly to evade functional abolishment when any one of the crucial factors are inactivated. Conclusions miRNA-5p/3p species are frequently co-expressed and are coordinately regulated in colon cancer cells. In cancer cells, multiple cross-targeting by the miRNAs, including the co-existing 5p/3p species, frequently occurs in an apparent safe-proof scheme of miRNA regulation of important tumorigenesis processes. Further systematic analysis of co-existing miRNA-5p/3p pairs in clinical tissues is important in elucidating 5p/3p contributions to cancer pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-014-0095-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chiu-Jung Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Chinese Culture University, 55, Hwa-Kang Road, Yang Ming Shan 111, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Huang CJ, Nguyen PNN, Choo KB, Sugii S, Wee K, Cheong SK, Kamarul T. Frequent co-expression of miRNA-5p and -3p species and cross-targeting in induced pluripotent stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:824-33. [PMID: 24936146 PMCID: PMC4057479 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A miRNA precursor generally gives rise to one major miRNA species derived from the 5' arm, and are called miRNA-5p. However, more recent studies have shown co-expression of miRNA-5p and -3p, albeit in different concentrations, in cancer cells targeting different sets of transcripts. Co-expression and regulation of the -5p and -3p miRNA species in stem cells, particularly in the reprogramming process, have not been studied. METHODS In this work, we investigated co-expression and regulation of miRNA-5p and -3p species in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESC) using a nanoliter-scale real-time PCR microarray platform that included 1,036 miRNAs. RESULTS In comparing iPSC and ESC, only 32 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed, in agreement of the ESC-like nature of iPSC. In the analysis of reprogramming process in iPSCs, 261 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed compared with the parental MSC and pre-adipose tissue, indicating significant miRNA alternations in the reprogramming process. In iPSC reprogrammed from MSC, there were 88 miRNAs (33.7%), or 44 co-expressed 5p/3p pairs, clearly indicating frequent co-expression of both miRNA species on reprogramming. Of these, 40 pairs were either co-up- or co-downregulated indicating concerted 5p/3p regulation. The 5p/3p species of only 4 pairs were regulated in reverse directions. Furthermore, some 5p/3p species of the same miRNAs were found to target the same transcript and the same miRNA may cross-target different transcripts of proteins of the G1/S transition of the cell cycle; 5p/3p co-targeting was confirmed in stem-loop RT-PCR. CONCLUSION The observed cross- and co-regulation by paired miRNA species suggests a fail-proof scheme of miRNA regulation in iPSC, which may be important to iPSC pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Jung Huang
- 1. Department of Animal Science & Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Phan Nguyen Nhi Nguyen
- 2. Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- 2. Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; ; 3. Department of Preclinical Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- 4. Singapore BioImaging Consortium, Singapore; ; 5. Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Wee
- 4. Singapore BioImaging Consortium, Singapore
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- 2. Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; ; 6. Dean's Office, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- 7. Tissue Engineering Group, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Choo KB, Tai L, Hymavathee KS, Wong CY, Nguyen PNN, Huang CJ, Cheong SK, Kamarul T. Oxidative stress-induced premature senescence in Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:1201-7. [PMID: 25249788 PMCID: PMC4166865 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On in vitro expansion for therapeutic purposes, the regenerative potentials of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) decline and rapidly enter pre-mature senescence probably involving oxidative stress. To develop strategies to prevent or slow down the decline of regenerative potentials in MSC culture, it is important to first address damages caused by oxidative stress-induced premature senescence (OSIPS). However, most existing OSIPS study models involve either long-term culture to achieve growth arrest or immediate growth arrest post oxidative agent treatment and are unsuitable for post-induction studies. METHODS In this work, we aimed to establish an OSIPS model of MSCs derived from Wharton's Jelly by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. RESULTS The optimal H2O2 concentration was determined to be 200 µM to achieve OSIPS when MSC reached growth arrest in 3 to 4 passages post-H2O2 treatment. H2O2-treated cells became heterogeneous in morphology, and were irregularly enlarged and flattened with granular cytoplasm. The cells were stained positive for SA-β-galactosidase, a senescence marker, and were shown to express elevated levels of other well-characterized senescence molecular markers, including p53, p21, p16 and lysosomal β-galactosidase (GLB1) in real-time RT-PCR analysis. The OSIPS-like features were confirmed with three independent WJ-MSC lines. CONCLUSION The establishment of an OSIPS model of WJ-MSC is a first step for subsequent investigation on molecular mechanisms of senescence and for screening potential anti-oxidative agents to delay or revert stressed-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Bung Choo
- 1. Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia; ; 2. Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lihui Tai
- 1. Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K Shri Hymavathee
- 1. Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Chiu-Jung Huang
- 4. Department of Animal Science & Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- 1. Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia; ; 5. Dean's Office, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- 6. Tissue Engineering Group, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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