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Spurr S, Burles M, Hyslop S, Bally J, Bullin C, Froehlich Chow A, Tootoosis H, Oosman S. Preventing type 2 diabetes among Indigenous youth: A systematic review of community-based interventions. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2320449. [PMID: 38412067 PMCID: PMC10901188 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2320449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A systematic review was conducted to assess evidence on effectiveness of community-based interventions promoting wellbeing and prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Indigenous youth. A convergent, segregated, mixed methods approach was used, with six databases and four grey literature sites searched from inception to May 2022. Articles selected for inclusion were about community-based interventions related to T2D prevention with Indigenous youth that evaluated effectiveness or youth experience published in English. Reference lists were also searched for relevant sources. Seven quantitative research articles met the inclusion and quality assessment criteria. No qualitative articles were identified. The results were synthesised through narrative analysis, while meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogenous study designs. Common foci across interventions included promoting physical wellness, improving physical activity and healthy eating patterns, enhancing knowledge, and psychosocial wellness. Interventions deemed effective addressed multiple areas, were school-based, and operated for at least a year. Findings support multi-strategy, community-based interventions implemented over longer periods of time. However, gaps in research and reporting included the extent to which interventions are culturally informed and based on community-driven priorities. Future research should include Indigenous, mixed and qualitative methods and Indigenous-driven measures of success to better understand effectiveness in alignment with Indigenous worldviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Meridith Burles
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shannon Hyslop
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Carol Bullin
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Amanda Froehlich Chow
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Helen Tootoosis
- Indigenous Liaison Advisor for Saskatchewan, Statistics Canada, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sarah Oosman
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Farthing P, Bally J, Rennie DC. Perceptions Related to Death in Adolescents and Their Parents During the Management of Type 1 Diabetes: A Thematic Analysis. J Pediatr Health Care 2024:S0891-5245(24)00077-4. [PMID: 38661590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with an increased risk of premature death compared to those without T1D, yet perceptions of dying have not been well studied. The purpose of this secondary analysis of existing data was to explore the fears of adolescents with T1D and their parents related to the possibility of death due to T1D. METHOD A reflexive thematic analysis was used to examine data from interviews conducted with adolescents with T1D and their parents who participated in a primary grounded theory study of interdependence in T1D management. FINDINGS Three themes were generated from the data including: (1) Facing the Reality of Death, (2) Fearing Highs and Lows, and (3) Finding a Way through Fears. Participants indicated they see death as a consequence of failing to optimally manage T1D. CONCLUSION Additional investigation is needed to explore the fear of death in adolescents with T1D and any fear their parents may have of their adolescents' mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Farthing
- Pamela Farthing, Saskatchewan Polytechnic, School of Nursing, Saskatoon, Canada..
| | - Jill Bally
- Jill Bally, Associate Professor, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Donna C Rennie
- Donna C. Rennie, Professor Emeritus, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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3
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Pavloff M, Labrecque ME, Bally J, Kirychuk S, Lasiuk G. Rural Home Care Nursing During COVID-19. Can J Nurs Res 2023; 55:486-493. [PMID: 36850059 PMCID: PMC9974377 DOI: 10.1177/08445621231160478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a challenging time for the nursing profession globally. Research indicates that the care of patients with COVID-19 has caused significant psychological stress for nurses. Although much of the world's attention has been on nurses working in emergency departments and intensive care units, the pandemic also posed significant challenges for nurses providing home care services in rural communities. PURPOSE The purpose of this work was to describe the experiences of rural Canadian home care nurses during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The data for this analysis was derived from a study that explored the continuing education needs of rural home care nurses. Since the data collection for the primary objective occurred in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 related themes were created using interpretive description methodology. Snowball and purposive sampling were used to recruit rural home care registered nurses who were employed in the central and southern areas of a western Canadian province. RESULTS Six themes were constructed from the data including: Nurses Must Work, Constant State of Flux, Threatened Safety, Loss of Learning Opportunities, Fearing the Unknown, and Hindsight is Easy. CONCLUSION The experiences of rural home care nurses during COVID-19 reflects the chaos, uncertainty, and fear that was felt globally. Based on the findings of this study, recommendations for future pandemic planning are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shelley Kirychuk
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gerri Lasiuk
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Burns M, Bally J, Burles M, Peacock S. Critically Ill Patients: Family Experiences of Interfacility Transfers From Rural to Urban Centers and Impact on Family Relationships. J Fam Nurs 2023; 29:74-88. [PMID: 36172740 PMCID: PMC9850375 DOI: 10.1177/10748407221124254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A critical illness event is intensely stressful for family members and can lead to negative psychological, emotional, social and financial consequences. In geographically rural areas, critically ill patients may require an interfacility transfer to an urban centre for advanced critical care services. In this context, research suggests that these family members from rural areas experience additional burdens, yet little is known about these experiences. An interpretive phenomenological approach was used to explore lived experiences of family members from rural areas whose critically ill relative undergoes an interfacility transfer to an urban centre for advanced critical care services. Participants described feelings of vulnerability in the urban centre, the need to protect the critically ill patient and other relatives, maintaining responsibilities at home, navigating family relationships, and a loss of connection during the transfer window. These findings may better position nurses to address family members' stress and anxiety during this experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margie Burns
- University of Prince Edward Island,
Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Jill Bally
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,
Canada
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Mcharo SK, Spurr S, Bally J, Peacock S, Holtslander L, Walker K. Application of nursing presence to family-centered care: Supporting nursing practice in pediatric oncology. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2023; 28:e12402. [PMID: 36463504 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In pediatric care settings, family-centered care (FCC) is an integral way to ensure family involvement in their child's care and has been known to improve health outcomes and families' psychosocial well-being. Similarly, nursing presence is deemed beneficial in the formation of authentic nurse-patient relationships and is known to facilitate healing and improve satisfaction for the patient and their family. The objective of this article is to explore how nursing presence supports FCC by closely examining the four concepts of FCC as described by Institute for Patient- and Family-Centered Care: dignity and respect, information sharing, participation, and collaboration. A case study is also presented to demonstrate how nursing presence can be applied in FCC, when caring for a pediatric oncology patient. CONCLUSION Nursing presence is essential in FCC since it plays a key role in the formation of relationships, a fundamental element in the four concepts. Attributes of nursing presence can be interwoven in the FCC framework and have positive clinical, social, and emotional outcomes for the patient and family. Although literature has explored associations between FCC and nursing presence, there is need for more scientific research to justify this argument to support the improvement of quality of family nursing care and strengthen the FCC model. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The four concepts of FCC lay a foundation for a model of care that can be enhanced by nursing presence, potentially providing a remedy for depersonalization of healthcare by improving nurse patient relationships in pediatric care settings. Nursing presence becomes less ambiguous when enacted in a FCC framework, revealing attributes that may be cultivated in family nursing to improve therapeutic relationships among nurses and family caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon K Mcharo
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shelley Spurr
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shelley Peacock
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Keith Walker
- College of Education and the Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Farthing P, Bally J, Rennie DC, Dietrich Leurer M, Holtslander L, Nour MA. Type 1 diabetes management responsibilities between adolescents with T1D and their parents: An integrative review. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2022; 27:e12395. [PMID: 36116027 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes self-management for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex and multifaceted process that requires careful consideration of a supportive or shared approach to care. The purpose of this review was to synthesize the qualitative and quantitative evidence regarding the nature of adolescent-parent interactions and relationships in the context of T1D management. Of particular interest was the role of interdependence in this relationship. METHODS An integrative review of the literature was conducted between January 2021 and April 2021 using Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) methodological strategies. RESULTS Eleven studies published between 2003 and 2018 met the review criteria. Thematic analysis identified the following three themes related to parent-adolescent relationships in care including the Effectiveness of Parental Involvement and T1D Management, Shared Responsibility and T1D Task Management, and Gaining Independence in T1D Management. This review highlights the importance of both parent and adolescent shared involvement in T1D management. In particular, parental involvement appears necessary for improved glycemic control, better adherence to the T1D management regime, and for practicing self-management in adolescents with T1D. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Better understanding of the parent-child interaction in diabetes care will provide important information to aid family nurses to identify, support, and help maintain the sharing of T1D management responsibilities between parents and their adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Farthing
- Saskatchewan Polytechnic, School of Nursing, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Donna C Rennie
- College of Nursing University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Lorraine Holtslander
- College of Nursing University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada.,University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Munier A Nour
- College of Nursing University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Spurr S, Bally J, Burles M, Mcharo K. A investigation into hope, self-efficacy, distress and uncertainty in parents who have a child with a life-threatening or life-limiting illness. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 66:e9-e15. [PMID: 35842378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the experiences of parents who are caring for a child with a life-threatening or life-limiting illness (LTI/LLI) including levels of uncertainty, distress, hope, and self-efficacy to determine if there are significant variations with respect to demographic characteristics. DESIGN AND METHODS Data for this analysis are derived from a quasi-experimental evaluation of a support intervention with a purposeful sample of parental caregivers from a western Canadian province. Participants completed a demographic survey and four quantitative measures at baseline and following use of the support intervention. RESULTS Many parents had high scores of hope and self-efficacy, with highest levels of hope amongst parents who could stay at home with their children, and higher self-efficacy expressed by parents without financial concerns. Increased levels of uncertainty and distress were found amongst parents without other children living in the home, and those with financial concerns, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory analysis found that many parents experienced clinically significant distress along with uncertainty. The results determined that caring for children in the home other than the ill child significantly decreased uncertainty. High levels of parental hope and self-efficacy were frequently identified, with variations reflecting differences in social roles and stressors. The results contribute to an increased understanding of the value of support resources including parental leave and financial support. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Pediatric nurses may consider adopting an approach to caring for families with children in treatment for LLIs/LTIs that gives high priority to promoting hope and self-efficacy while ensuring access to support resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Jill Bally
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Meridith Burles
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Kasha Mcharo
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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8
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Mcharo SK, Bally J, Spurr S, Walker K, Peacock S, Holtslander L. Exploring nursing presence as experienced by parents in pediatric oncology. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 66:86-94. [PMID: 35687929 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing presence has been viewed as a valuable way to create therapeutic relationships and has been linked to better health outcomes for patients and families. However, whether nursing presence can be described and how parents in pediatric oncology experience this phenomenon remains unanswered. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore how parents of children with cancer describe and experience nursing presence. METHODS This study used Giorgi's phenomenological approach to explore nursing presence as experienced by parents of children with cancer. Ten participants from a pediatric oncology clinic in Canada were interviewed. Giorgi's approach was used to analyze these data. FINDINGS Based upon participants' descriptions, a structure of nursing presence emerged which included six constituent features: An attitude of presence, a source of encouragement, clinical experience and expertise, therapeutic communication, family involvement, and a sense of home away from home. Most notably, nursing presence as experienced by parents was characterized by the 'being' and 'doing' of presence which were equally important. CONCLUSION The experiences described by parents provided rich and nuanced insights into what it meant to experience nursing presence in a pediatric oncology setting. This study provides a structure for this meaning making and expounds on its constituent features, describing what nursing presence resembles when experienced by parents of children with cancer. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study informs nursing practice, policy, and education in ways that are likely to enhance care and the subsequent well-being of pediatric oncology patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon K Mcharo
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Jill Bally
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, E4348 Health Sciences, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Shelley Spurr
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, E4244 Health Sciences, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Keith Walker
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Education, 3063 Education, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Shelley Peacock
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, E4340 Health Sciences, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Lorraine Holtslander
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, E4252 Health Sciences, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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9
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Spurr S, Bally J, Nalwooga N. Honoring the voices of families: An interpretive description of parents' understandings of, and insights into preventing type 2 diabetes in adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:458. [PMID: 35906568 PMCID: PMC9338546 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adolescents is increasing, affecting the overall health and quality of life of adolescents and their families. Despite the serious health consequences of T2D, few studies have explored the role of parents in the prevention of prediabetes and T2D in adolescents. Thus, the purpose was to better understand parents’ insights into strategies needed for the development of interventions to prevent prediabetes and T2D in their adolescents and families. Methods Thorne’s Interpretive Description approach was used to guide this second phase of a two-phase study. Using purposeful sampling, parents (n = 12) of adolescents at high risk for developing T2D were interviewed. This study was conducted in accordance with the standards for reporting qualitative research. Results Two themes and multiple subthemes emerged: Parents’ Understanding of T2D (High Blood Sugar, Severe Health Impacts, and Managing Your Diet) and It Takes a Village (The Onus is on the Adolescent, Starts at Home with the Parents, We Need More Support, and Getting the Message in Their Face). Conclusions These qualitative data were insightful as findings highlighted the parents’ predominant lack of basic knowledge, life skills, and/or resources to prevent prediabetes and T2D in adolescents. The results provided target areas for education and emphasized the importance of using social media as an approach to disseminate important information to adolescents. Parents also identified strategies for prevention interventions for adolescents surrounding prediabetes and T2D that may be effective. Given the increased prevalence of T2D in adolescents, these results are timely and confirm the urgent need for interventions to prevent pediatric prediabetes and T2D. Future research will include the co-design, piloting, and evaluation of feasible family-centered interventions grounded in participants’ experiences and suggestions that are reflective of person-centred goals and needs of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Nahia Nalwooga
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
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Maheu C, Lemonde M, Mayo S, Galica J, Bally J. Moving research forward during COVID-19. Can Oncol Nurs J 2021; 31:490-492. [PMID: 34786468 PMCID: PMC8565433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Maheu
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University; McGill University Health Centre, Email
| | - Manon Lemonde
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Email
| | - Samantha Mayo
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network,
| | | | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan,
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Farthing P, Bally J, Rennie D, Nour M. Managing the Unmanageable Through Interdependence in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents: A Constructivist Grounded Theory. Can J Diabetes 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Spurr S, Bally J, Mcharo SK, Hyslop S. Beyond "Watching the Sweets": An interpretive description of adolescent's understandings and insights into preventing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2021; 26:e12351. [PMID: 34080280 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore adolescents' experiences and knowledge of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and identify appropriate T2D education and prevention interventions for this population. DESIGN AND METHODS This interpretive description study was conducted at two urban high schools in midwestern Canada. Participants had been previously screened and considered at high risk for T2D, prediabetes, or as having T2D. Individual, semistructured interviews were conducted with twelve adolescents between the age of 14-19 years meeting these criteria. Thematic analysis was completed using interview transcripts. RESULTS Themes and subthemes identified included (1) Type 2 Diabetes: More Than Too Many Sweets (Mostly Diet but Insulin Does Play a Role, and A Serious but Common Disease); (2) Who Holds the Power? (Personal Responsibility for Health, Family as Role Models, and Community Connections); and (3) Bringing Home the Message (Our Considerations for Schools, I need the Expert's Support, and Using Technology to Get the Points Across). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Findings from this study provide target areas for education and prevention interventions and approaches for working with adolescents surrounding prediabetes and T2D that may be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Solomon K Mcharo
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shannon Hyslop
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
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13
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Mcharo SK, Bally J, Spurr S. Nursing Presence in Pediatric Oncology: A Scoping Review. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2021; 39:99-113. [PMID: 34558334 DOI: 10.1177/10434542211041939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nursing presence creates meaningful and trusting relationships that facilitate healing for the patient and enhances the nurse's clinical experience. Although nursing presence has been linked to better health outcomes especially in chronic illnesses and end-of-life, little is known about its contribution in pediatric oncology. Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review was to explore how nursing presence is understood and expressed in pediatric oncology. Methods: Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) framework was used to guide the review, with Clarke and Braun's (2013) thematic analysis process used for collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. Key search terms were developed for searches between January 1999 and July 2020 in CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Psych INFO databases. Initially, 4,357 studies were identified with a final sample of nine articles meeting specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Gray literature retrieved from the search was used to inform the review. Findings: Most notably, there is a limited understanding of nursing presence in pediatric oncology setting. However, findings revealed five themes that can be identified with nursing presence: Being With or Being There, Therapeutic Relationships, Communication, Family-centered Approach, and Perceived Outcomes of Nursing Presence. Nurses in pediatric oncology are in an ideal position to provide nursing presence in order to improve the quality of care in pediatric oncology settings. Discussion: There is a need to establish a comprehensive evidence-based understanding of the construct of nursing presence in pediatric oncology that health care providers can utilize to enhance their clinical practice and health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon K Mcharo
- 7235College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jill Bally
- 7235College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Shelley Spurr
- 7235College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Fonseca R, Carvalho M, Querido A, Figueiredo MH, Bally J, Charepe Z. Therapeutic letters: A qualitative study exploring their influence on the hope of parents of children receiving pediatric palliative care in Portugal. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2021; 26:e12325. [PMID: 33493386 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore the hope experiences of parents of children diagnosed with complex chronic conditions (CCCs) who received therapeutic letters. DESIGN AND METHODS A purposive sample of 10 parents of inpatient children with CCCs was recruited from a pediatric palliative care unit in a Portuguese public hospital. A demographic form and audio-recorded semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with each participant to explore the experiences, processes, and meanings of hope, and to describe how parents of children receiving pediatric palliative care perceived the usefulness of receiving therapeutic letters. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and using a thematic analysis, a systematic approach to data analysis was completed. FINDINGS Data analysis resulted in three main themes including Trust in the Future; Strengthening Hope; and Moments of Hope. Findings highlight the positive influence of therapeutic letters including supporting parental hope, facilitating personal inner-strengthening, recognition of parental skills, and promotion of self-efficacy during hospitalization. The themes and related subthemes add value to the existing literature and highlight the need for supportive palliative nursing care aimed at promoting parental hope. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS To optimize the value of supporting parental hope, therapeutic letters can be delivered at the time of diagnosis, during times of celebration, and when learning the difficult tasks of daily childcare. Additional research can inform the development of a formal hope-based intervention to provide an evidence base from which to enhance the well-being of parental caregivers of children who have CCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fonseca
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matilde Carvalho
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Querido
- Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Superior School of Health, Leiria, Portugal
| | | | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Zaida Charepe
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Lisbon, Portugal
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Spurr S, Bullin C, Bally J, Allan D. Undiagnosed prehypertension/hypertension in Canadian adolescents: The critical role of the public health nurse. Public Health Nurs 2020; 37:837-845. [PMID: 32856345 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed prehypertension/hypertension and other associated comorbidities in adolescents living in rural and urban settings in a mid-Western Canadian province. DESIGN AND MEASURES Data reported herein were derived from two cross-sectional studies, whereby adolescents attending either a rural (N = 143) or urban (N = 253) school were screened for blood pressure, anthropometric measures, and blood glucose measurements. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics in addition to chi-square analyses. RESULTS Notable prevalence of undiagnosed prehypertension/hypertension was found. Adolescents living in urban settings (49%, N = 123) were significantly more likely to have prehypertension/hypertension than rural (23%, N = 33) living adolescents. With regard to other comorbidities, the prevalence of elevated HbA1c in the urban group (32%) was significantly higher than the rural adolescents (19%); however, there was similar prevalence of overweight/obese adolescents between the urban (37%) and rural (36%) groups. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of adolescent undiagnosed prehypertension/hypertension, elevated blood glucose measurements, and overweight/obesity is concerning in both urban and rural settings. Public health nurses are uniquely positioned in health care to facilitate interventions focused on preventing and managing adolescent prehypertension/hypertension and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Carol Bullin
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jill Bally
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Diane Allan
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Burns M, Bally J, Burles M, Holtslander L, Peacock S. Influences of the culture of science on nursing knowledge development: Using conceptual frameworks as nursing philosophy in critical care nursing. Nurs Philos 2020; 21:e12310. [PMID: 32643234 DOI: 10.1111/nup.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nursing knowledge development and application are influenced by numerous factors within the context of science and practice. The prevailing culture of science along with an evolving context of increasingly technological environments and rationalization within health care impacts both the generation of nursing knowledge and the practice of nursing. The effects of the culture of science and the context of nursing practice may negatively impact the structure and application of nursing knowledge, how nurses practice, and how nurses understand the patients and families for whom they care. Specifically, the nature of critical care and its highly technical environment make critical care nursing especially vulnerable to these potentially negative influences. The influences of the culture of science and the increasingly technical practice context may result in an overreliance on the natural sciences to guide critical care nursing actions and an associated marginalization of the caring relationship in critical care nursing practice. Within this environment, nursing philosophy may not be foundational to nursing actions; rather, the dominant culture of science and the rationalization of health care may be informing nursing practice. As such, the ideology and goals of nursing may not be central to the practice of critical care nursing. The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of the culture of science on the development of nursing knowledge and theory. Further, we aim to describe the value of using conceptual frameworks, such as Roy's Adaptation Model, as a nursing philosophy to influence the development of person-centred nursing knowledge and theory to inform critical care nursing practice as it related to the care of patients and families. In doing so, nursing philosophy is situated as foundational for nursing actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margie Burns
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Faculty of Nursing, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Meridith Burles
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Shelley Peacock
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Spurr S, Bally J, Bullin C, Allan D, McNair E. The prevalence of undiagnosed Prediabetes/type 2 diabetes, prehypertension/hypertension and obesity among ethnic groups of adolescents in Western Canada. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:31. [PMID: 31973728 PMCID: PMC6979336 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-1924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increased incidence of type 2 diabetes in youth is occurring worldwide. While diverse ethnic groups are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes, studies that explore ethnic differences and undiagnosed prediabetes/type 2 diabetes in adolescents are scarce. This paper compares the prevalence of undiagnosed prediabetes and type 2 diabetes and the associated risk factors among various ethnic groups of adolescents living in Western Canada. Methods The data for this study were derived from two previous studies in which 396 adolescents, aged 14 to 19 years and living in a western Canadian province, were screened for undiagnosed prediabetes, diabetes, and any associated risk factors. Risk was determined by demographics, family history, anthropometric measurements (body mass index, BMI), blood pressure (BP), and HbA1c. Descriptive and inferential statistics (SPSS) were used to establish both risk and prevalence for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Chi-square analyses were done to determine if the risk factors occurred at higher frequencies in certain ethnicities. Results Based on BP, BMI, and HbA1c measurements, several statistically significant differences were identified in relation to ethnicity. Many of the adolescents had increased HbA1c levels, with 27.3% considered high risk and 2.3% in the prediabetes range; these high risk and prediabetes groups were heavily represented by Filipino (46%), Indigenous (22%), and European (10%) adolescents. Notable prevalence of prehypertension (17.7%) and hypertension (21.7%) were reported in European (59%) followed by Filipino (50%) and Indigenous (26%) adolescents. Higher numbers of adolescents in the European and Filipino ancestry groups had two or more risk factors (BP, BMI, & HbA1c) for developing type 2 diabetes in relation to the adolescents from the Indigenous group. Conclusions Ethnic adolescent groups demonstrate a notable prevalence of undiagnosed prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Specifically, a significant number of Filipino adolescents had both increased HbA1c and blood pressure that has gone undetected. Earlier onset of type 2 diabetes is congruent with an increased risk of developing diabetes-associated complications and, ultimately, diabetes-related morbidity and mortality at a younger age. Future studies should explore how genetic and/or environmental factors among ethnic groups may contribute to early onset hypertension and prediabetes/type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Jill Bally
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Carol Bullin
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Diane Allan
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2Z4, Canada.,Strategic Analyst, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Erick McNair
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
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Spurr S, Bally J, Hill P, Gray K, Newman P, Hutton A. Exploring the Prevalence of Undiagnosed Prediabetes, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Risk Factors in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 50:94-104. [PMID: 31786470 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM The prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing in adolescents worldwide. Most studies have focused on the clinical features, treatment, and complications for adolescents and so the need to generate insight into the risk factors and prevalence of undiagnosed prediabetes and T2D in adolescents across the globe remains. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Relevant articles that were published from 2007 up to and including January 2017 were identified through electronic searches of CINAHL, Cochrane, Medline, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Sociological Abstracts (Proquest). Four independent researchers examined the articles for eligibility. SAMPLE Sixteen studies were included that investigated the risk and prevalence of undiagnosed prediabetes and T2D in adolescents aged 12-19. RESULTS The most commonly measured risk factors included obesity/overweight, family history, and ethnicity. Other studies measured risk factors associated with insulin resistance, including hypertension, acanthosis nigricans, and dyslipidemia. Prevalence of undiagnosed prediabetes and T2D varied among regions globally with rates ranging from 3.3 to 14.3% and 0.1 to 2.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Undiagnosed prediabetes and T2D and the associated risk factors are prevalent in many regions in countries worldwide, significantly impacting adolescents and their families. IMPLICATIONS Future research is required to inform interventions aimed at preventative measures for early screening and detection of prediabetes and T2D in adolescents, as well as the development of multi-disciplinary teams that include pediatric nurses and the specialized care they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada.
| | - Jill Bally
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada.
| | - Pauline Hill
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Flinders, Australia.
| | - Katherine Gray
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - Alison Hutton
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Australia.
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Spurr S, Bally J, Mcnair E, Bullin C. 80 Prediabetes: An Emerging Health Concern in Urban Living Adolescents. Paediatr Child Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxz066.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Spurr S, Bally J, Allan D, Bullin C, McNair E. Prediabetes: An emerging public health concern in adolescents. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2019; 2:e00060. [PMID: 31008368 PMCID: PMC6458462 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the presence of risk factors for type 2 diabetes (ethnicity, body mass index, blood glucose tolerance and blood pressure) and to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in Canadian adolescents attending two multicultural urban high schools. METHODS A total of 266 multicultural urban high school students who live in a mid-sized Western Canadian city, aged 14-21, were screened for risk factors of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in March-April 2018. Data with respect to demographics, family history of diabetes, anthropometrics, blood pressure and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were collected. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics in addition to chi-square analyses. RESULTS Based on body mass index, 38% of the adolescents were classified as either overweight or obese. Overweight rates for females (69.8%) were double than males (30.2%); however, males (52.2%) were more likely to obese than the females (47.8%). Based on HbA1c levels, 29.3% were at high risk to develop either diabetes or prediabetes and 2.6% were classified in the prediabetes range. Prehypertension/hypertension rates of 47% in the sample increased to 51% in those adolescents with elevated HbA1c; the majority of these prehypertensive/hypertensive participants were male. CONCLUSION High rates of overweight/obesity and prehypertension/hypertension were found in the adolescents studied and indicated the presence of prediabetes and an increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes and associated complications. Obesity and hypertension are major risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes, resulting in earlier exposure to metabolic consequences and, ultimately, long-term complications. Thus, timely research is needed to identify age-appropriate strategies that address risks and to develop recommendations for routine screening of adolescents for prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- Faculty of Nursing, College of NursingUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Jill Bally
- Faculty of Nursing, College of NursingUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Diane Allan
- Faculty of Nursing, College of NursingUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Carol Bullin
- Faculty of Nursing, College of NursingUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Erick McNair
- Faculty of Medicine, College of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
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21
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Li H, Bowen A, Bowen R, Balbuena L, Baetz M, Feng C, Muhajarine N, Bally J. Preliminary study: Factor structure and psychometric properties of Affective Lability Scale-18 in pregnant and postpartum women. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:312-320. [PMID: 30419531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5 Canada.
| | - Angela Bowen
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Rudy Bowen
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Lloyd Balbuena
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Marilyn Baetz
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Cindy Feng
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Nazeem Muhajarine
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5 Canada
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22
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Spurr S, Bullin C, Bally J, Trinder K, Khan S. Nurse-led diabetic retinopathy screening: a pilot study to evaluate a new approach to vision care for Canadian Aboriginal peoples. Int J Circumpolar Health 2019; 77:1422670. [PMID: 29384012 PMCID: PMC5795657 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2017.1422670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of new cases of blindness and is pandemic among Aboriginal people around the world. To reduce health inequities, accessible vision screening among these high-risk populations is essential. To assess cardio-metabolic co-morbidities associated with type 2 diabetes and the use of a portable fundus camera as a novel approach for convenient, earlier and more accessible vision screening for Aboriginal peoples living with type 2 diabetes in northern and remote Canadian communities. This quantitative pilot study screened participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for commonly associated cardio-metabolic co-morbidities using anthropometrical measurements, blood pressure and a A1c (HbA1c) blood glucose test, followed by vision exams conducted first by a trained nurse and then by an ophthalmologist to screen for signs of retinopathy using fundus photography. Large numbers of the participants presented with overweight/obese (84.8%), pre-hypertension/hypertension (69.7%) and an elevated A1C (78.8%). Inter-rater reliability demonstrated substantial agreement between vision exam judgements made by the nurse and ophthalmologist (k = .67). Nurse-led vision screening in remote or northern communities can improve the standard of care by extending access to health services, lowering the costs to families by reducing travel expenses and preventing vision loss in a family member.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- a College of Nursing , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Carol Bullin
- a College of Nursing , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Jill Bally
- a College of Nursing , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Krista Trinder
- b College of Medicine , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
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23
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Spurr S, Bally J, Bullin C, Trinder K. LET’S MAKE A DIFFERENCE: EARLY SCREENING FOR PREDIABETES AND TYPE 2 DIABETES IN CANADIAN ABORIGINAL YOUTH. Paediatr Child Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxy054.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Kasliwal MM, Nakar E, Singer LP, Kaplan DL, Cook DO, Van Sistine A, Lau RM, Fremling C, Gottlieb O, Jencson JE, Adams SM, Feindt U, Hotokezaka K, Ghosh S, Perley DA, Yu PC, Piran T, Allison JR, Anupama GC, Balasubramanian A, Bannister KW, Bally J, Barnes J, Barway S, Bellm E, Bhalerao V, Bhattacharya D, Blagorodnova N, Bloom JS, Brady PR, Cannella C, Chatterjee D, Cenko SB, Cobb BE, Copperwheat C, Corsi A, De K, Dobie D, Emery SWK, Evans PA, Fox OD, Frail DA, Frohmaier C, Goobar A, Hallinan G, Harrison F, Helou G, Hinderer T, Ho AYQ, Horesh A, Ip WH, Itoh R, Kasen D, Kim H, Kuin NPM, Kupfer T, Lynch C, Madsen K, Mazzali PA, Miller AA, Mooley K, Murphy T, Ngeow CC, Nichols D, Nissanke S, Nugent P, Ofek EO, Qi H, Quimby RM, Rosswog S, Rusu F, Sadler EM, Schmidt P, Sollerman J, Steele I, Williamson AR, Xu Y, Yan L, Yatsu Y, Zhang C, Zhao W. Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger. Science 2017; 358:1559-1565. [PMID: 29038373 DOI: 10.1126/science.aap9455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Merging neutron stars offer an excellent laboratory for simultaneously studying strong-field gravity and matter in extreme environments. We establish the physical association of an electromagnetic counterpart (EM170817) with gravitational waves (GW170817) detected from merging neutron stars. By synthesizing a panchromatic data set, we demonstrate that merging neutron stars are a long-sought production site forging heavy elements by r-process nucleosynthesis. The weak gamma rays seen in EM170817 are dissimilar to classical short gamma-ray bursts with ultrarelativistic jets. Instead, we suggest that breakout of a wide-angle, mildly relativistic cocoon engulfing the jet explains the low-luminosity gamma rays, the high-luminosity ultraviolet-optical-infrared, and the delayed radio and x-ray emission. We posit that all neutron star mergers may lead to a wide-angle cocoon breakout, sometimes accompanied by a successful jet and sometimes by a choked jet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Kasliwal
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - E Nakar
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - L P Singer
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.,Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - D L Kaplan
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - D O Cook
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A Van Sistine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - R M Lau
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - C Fremling
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - O Gottlieb
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - J E Jencson
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - S M Adams
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - U Feindt
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Hotokezaka
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Simons Foundation, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA.,Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - D A Perley
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Browlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - P-C Yu
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - T Piran
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - J R Allison
- Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions, Australia
| | - G C Anupama
- Indian Institute of Astrophysics, II Block Koramangala, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - A Balasubramanian
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - K W Bannister
- Australia Telescope National Facility, Astronomy and Space Science, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia
| | - J Bally
- Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - J Barnes
- Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - S Barway
- South African Astronomical Observatory, Post Office Box 9, Observatory, Cape Town 7935, South Africa
| | - E Bellm
- Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - V Bhalerao
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Post Office Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - N Blagorodnova
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - J S Bloom
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 50B-4206, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - P R Brady
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - C Cannella
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D Chatterjee
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - S B Cenko
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.,Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - B E Cobb
- Department of Physics, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - C Copperwheat
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Browlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - A Corsi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Box 41051, Lubbock, TX 79409-1051, USA
| | - K De
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D Dobie
- Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics, Australia.,Australia Telescope National Facility, Astronomy and Space Science, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia
| | - S W K Emery
- University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, UK
| | - P A Evans
- X-ray and Observational Astronomy Research Group, Leicester Institute for Space and Earth Observation, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - O D Fox
- Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - D A Frail
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM 87825, USA
| | - C Frohmaier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UK.,Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, Dennis Sciama Building, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
| | - A Goobar
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Hallinan
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - F Harrison
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - G Helou
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - T Hinderer
- Institute of Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A Y Q Ho
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A Horesh
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - W-H Ip
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - R Itoh
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - D Kasen
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - H Kim
- Gemini Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
| | - N P M Kuin
- University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, UK
| | - T Kupfer
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - C Lynch
- Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics, Australia
| | - K Madsen
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - P A Mazzali
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Browlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.,Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching, Germany
| | - A A Miller
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,The Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - K Mooley
- Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - T Murphy
- Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics, Australia
| | - C-C Ngeow
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - D Nichols
- Institute of Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - S Nissanke
- Institute of Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - P Nugent
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 50B-4206, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - E O Ofek
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - H Qi
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - R M Quimby
- Department of Astronomy, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.,Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - S Rosswog
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Rusu
- School of Engineering (EECS), University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - E M Sadler
- Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics, Australia
| | - P Schmidt
- Institute of Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - J Sollerman
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Steele
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Browlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - A R Williamson
- Institute of Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Y Xu
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - L Yan
- Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Y Yatsu
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - W Zhao
- School of Engineering (EECS), University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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Spurr S, Bally J, Bullin C, Trinder K. Type 2 Diabetes in Canadian Aboriginal Adolescents: Risk Factors and Prevalence. J Pediatr Nurs 2017; 36:111-117. [PMID: 28888490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the risk factors and prevalence rates of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes among northern Canadian Aboriginal adolescents. DESIGN AND METHODS In this novel exploratory, quantitative study, 160 high school students (aged 13-21) from three northern, predominantly Canadian Aboriginal communities were screened for risk for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes including demographic data, family medical history, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Descriptive and inferential statistics, in addition to chi-square analysis, were used to establish risk and prevalence rates for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in Aboriginal adolescents. RESULTS At least half of the adolescents presented with multiple risk factors for type 2 diabetes. In this sample, 10% had an HbA1c>5.7%, 22.5% were overweight, 17.5% were obese, and 26.6% had prehypertension or hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes are emerging as serious health concerns for young Aboriginal Canadians. This is troubling because both result from modifiable risk factors. As this study is the first to examine the prevalence of prediabetes in Canadian Aboriginal adolescents in the last decade, the findings underscore the necessity for early screening of Aboriginal adolescents for both prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Recommendations toward positive health outcomes include the introduction of early age screening programs, followed by culturally relevant interventions, specific to the modifiable risk factors (overweight/obesity and hypertension), and developed in collaboration with the communities. Such approaches have the potential to prevent the progression of prediabetes to diabetes and reduce complications related to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Jill Bally
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Carol Bullin
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Krista Trinder
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Spurr S, Bally J, Trinder K. Predictors of Physical Activity in Positive Deviant Adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs 2016; 31:311-8. [PMID: 26725700 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this analysis was to examine the predictors of PA in positive deviant adolescents in comparison to average or underachieving adolescents on the same criterion. DESIGN AND METHODS A survey of Canadian adolescents aged 13-20 (N=603), based on a multidimensional wellness model and an ecological model, provided the data for a multiple regression analysis to identify predictors of PA in positive deviant adolescents defined as having higher than average levels of PA. RESULTS Significant predictors of PA for positive deviant girls were recreational time, an increased sense of wellness, age, and family support (explaining 47.7% of variance for girls). Within the positive deviant group, older girls were less active than younger girls. For positive deviant boys, use of recreational time was the only significant predictor of PA (explaining 5.9% of the variance). CONCLUSIONS Wellness as a significant predictor of PA in positive deviant adolescent girls is a new and unique finding. The measurement of wellness in this study was a composite score of the physical, social, and psychological developmental dimensions of adolescent lives. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Pediatric nurses may wish to consider a multidimensional wellness approach, family support, and recreation time as major foci of PA interventions in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Jill Bally
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Krista Trinder
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Spurr S, Bally J, Trinder K, Williamson L. A Multidimensional Investigation Into the Predictors of Physical Activity in Canadian Adolescents. J Holist Nurs 2016; 34:390-401. [PMID: 26792799 DOI: 10.1177/0898010115625504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The percentage of overweight and obese Canadian children and youth is dramatically increasing. Approaches to reducing obesity in adolescents should include the promotion of physical activity (PA) because a continued physically active lifestyle into adulthood may lower rates of chronic diseases associated with unhealthy body weight. PURPOSE The current study expands on existing assessments of PA to include predictors based in a multidimensional adolescent wellness and ecological model. METHOD Canadian adolescents (N = 603) were surveyed and the resulting data analyzed using multiple regression analysis. FINDINGS Overall, 57.5 and 52.9% of the unique variance in PA for females and males, respectively, were explained by the predictors. Significant predictors for females included age, recreational time, family, leadership, and social comparison (cognitive development) skills. For males, equipment at home was also associated with increased PA. CONCLUSIONS The finding that social comparison and leadership skills are significant predictors of PA in adolescents is new. Nurses should consider a holistic approach to promoting PA whereby these developmental dimensions are included in assessment and prioritized in providing nursing care. Additionally, individualized PA intervention strategies can then be tailored to this unique population.
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Spurr S, Bally J, Ogenchuk M. Integrating oral health into pediatric nursing practice: Caring for kids where they live. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2015; 20:105-14. [PMID: 25728604 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose was to identify the factors influencing pediatric oral health and describe the Caring for Kids Where They Live program. CONCLUSIONS In North America, the burden of pediatric oral disease is significant. Despite evidence to this effect, oral health is an often-neglected aspect of pediatric nursing care. The Caring for Kids Where They Live program has successfully integrated oral health into pediatric nursing care as evidenced by increased accessibility of health care, pathways for care, and disease prevention. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Pediatric nurses can address oral health disparities by integrating an oral health assessment tool as well as interprofessional follow-up and referral processes in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Ogenchuk M, Spurr S, Bally J. Caring For Kids Where They Live: interprofessional collaboration in teaching and learning in school settings. Nurse Educ Pract 2013; 14:293-8. [PMID: 24355803 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Across North America, educators are challenged with finding learning opportunities for students in the health professions. Faculty members with a pediatric specialization in nursing recognized that schools were an ideal setting to provide children with care from the health continuum including health promotion, assessment and treatment, and chronic disease management. The faculty of nursing at a Western Canadian University established a unique educational approach by creating an interprofessional pediatric clinical learning experience titled, Caring For Kids Where They Live. This practicum brings together students in the health professions (nurses, dentists, and kinesiologists) and students and their families from three urban schools; one elementary school and two high schools. The primary goals of this partnership were to create an interprofessional clinical learning experience and to promote health and wellness of children and youth. This initiative far exceeded the initial goals. This descriptive article with the use of reflective elements from student journals, identifies learning that occurred in an environment whereby students from the health professions had the opportunity to meet and interact, to collaborate, and to gain experience in caring for children and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Ogenchuk
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Shelley Spurr
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Spurr S, Bally J, Ogenchuk M, Walker K. A framework for exploring adolescent wellness. Pediatr Nurs 2012; 38:320-326. [PMID: 23362631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article presents and explains a "Framework for Exploring Adolescent Wellness" and outlines a research approach used to explore adolescent wellness specific to the discipline of nursing. The "Framework for Exploring Adolescent Wellness" assessed the concept of wellness through the perceptions of youth and sought to explain the relationship between adolescent well-being and development. A wellness survey was used to collect data from 280 youth, 16 to 20 years old, in two Western Canadian high schools. Their perceptions of wellness meant more to them than regular physical activity and healthy eating. The majority of youth suggested that psychological (89%), social (85%), and physical (80%) development made the most significant contribution to adolescent wellness. Slightly more than half the youth felt that spirituality (53%) contributed to their sense of wellness. These research findings indicate the need for an approach to adolescent nursing care that includes a high priority and greater visibility to the practice and philosophy of wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Duggleby W, Bally J, Cooper D, Doell H, Thomas R. Engaging Hope: The Experiences of Male Spouses of Women With Breast Cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2012; 39:400-6. [DOI: 10.1188/12.onf.400-406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Roti M, Arnal JM, Delnista D, Bally J, Celerier J, Sulpice C, Carret V. Étude prospective observationnelle bicentrique sur la pratique de la ventilation mécanique aux urgences. Ann Fr Med Urgence 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13341-011-0083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Osterman S, Diddams S, Quinlan F, Bally J, Ge J, Ycas G. A near infrared laser frequency comb for high precision Doppler planet surveys. EPJ Web of Conferences 2011. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20111602002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Spurr S, Bally J, Ferguson L. A framework for clinical teaching: A passion-centered philosophy. Nurse Educ Pract 2010; 10:349-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Nadai M, Bally J, Vitel M, Job C, Tissot G, Botterman J, Dubald M. High-level expression of active human alpha1-antitrypsin in transgenic tobacco chloroplasts. Transgenic Res 2009; 18:173-83. [PMID: 18686007 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-008-9209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have produced human alpha1-antitrypsin (A1AT), a major therapeutic protein, in genetically engineered tobacco plastids. Four different expression vectors have been evaluated which encode A1AT under the control of various 5' and 3' plastid expression elements. The use of heterologous promoter and terminator sequences derived from the corn and soybean plastid genomes leads to simpler and predictable recombinant genome patterns, avoiding unwanted recombination products between introduced and resident tobacco sequences. High level expression of unglycosylated A1AT, representing up to 2% of total soluble proteins, has been measured in leaves of transgenic tobacco lines. Some heterogeneity in the recombinant A1AT is detected after 2D protein separation, but the chloroplast-made protease inhibitors are fully active and bind to porcine pancreatic elastase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nadai
- Bayer BioScience, 14-20 Rue Pierre Baizet, BP 9163, 69263, Lyon cedex 09, France
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36
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Bally J. Recent development in the field of international liability regimes to tackle environmental risks. Water Sci Technol 2005; 52:51-7. [PMID: 16304934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The polluter-pays principle requires States to take any actions that may be necessary to ensure that polluters bear the full environmental and social costs of their activities. One step to implement this principle is the development of regulations on environmental Civil Liability. The adoption of the UN-ECE Protocol on Civil Liability and Compensation for Damage caused by the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents on Transboundary Waters (Kiev Protocol) in May 2003 was the result of a three-year negotiation process undertaken in the aftermath of the Baia Mare accident in Romania. The accident caused transboundary water pollution in the downstream countries Hungary and Yugoslavia. Owing to the absence of applicable liability rules, no compensation was ever paid for the damage caused by the pollution. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety mandates the Parties to establish rules and procedures in the field of liability and redress. Here there is likely to be a longer negotiation process before an agreed regime on liability and redress for damage arising from the use of living modified organisms (LMOs) becomes available, owing to the complexity and the particularities of gene technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bally
- Legal Division, Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, Berne, Switzerland.
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38
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Abstract
Herbig-Haro (HH) objects have been known for 50 years to be luminous condensations of gas in star-forming regions, but their underlying physical nature is still being elucidated. Previously suggested models encompass newborn stars, stellar winds clashing with nebular material, dense pockets of interstellar gas excited by shocks from outflows, and interstellar 'bullets' (ref. 6). Recent progress has been made with the jet-induced shock model, in which material streams out of young stellar objects and collides with the surrounding interstellar medium. A clear prediction of this model is that the most energetic Herbig-Haro objects will emit X-rays, although they have not hitherto been detected. Here we report the discovery of X-ray emission from one of the brightest and closest Herbig-Haro objects, HH2, at a level consistent with the model predictions. We conclude that this Herbig-Haro object contains shock-heated material located at or near its leading edge with a temperature of about 106 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Pravdo
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Mail Stop 306-438, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
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Abstract
Hundreds of circumstellar disks in the Orion nebula are being rapidly destroyed by the intense ultraviolet radiation produced by nearby bright stars. These young, million-year-old disks may not survive long enough to form planetary systems. Nevertheless, the first stage of planet formation-the growth of dust grains into larger particles-may have begun in these systems. Observational evidence for these large particles in Orion's disks is presented. A model of grain evolution in externally irradiated protoplanetary disks is developed and predicts rapid particle size evolution and sharp outer disk boundaries. We discuss implications for the formation rates of planetary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Throop
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, USA.
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40
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Chamberlin RA, Bally J. 225-GHz atmospheric opacity of the South Pole sky derived from continual radiometric measurements of the sky-brightness temperature. Appl Opt 1994; 33:1095-1099. [PMID: 20862122 DOI: 10.1364/ao.33.001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the atmospheric opacity of the South Pole at 225 GHz for the period from day 3 to day 180 in 1992. These opacity data were derived from continual radiometric measurements of the sky-brightness temperature as a function of the zenith angle. These radiometric measurements were performed with a 225-GHz heterodyne atmospheric radiometer on loan from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. This radiometer was previously used to characterize other candidate millimeter and submillimeter radio-telescope sites. We found that the atmospheric opacity was below 0.098 air mass(-1) 75% of the time from day 3 to day 70 in 1992, and below 0.055 air mass(-1) 75% of the time from day 70 to day 180 in 1992. Thus, our data demonstrate that the South Pole is an excellent site for performing millimeter-and submillimeter-wavelength radio astronomy.
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Abstract
The interstellar medium in our galaxy contains matter in a variety of states ranging from hot plasma to cold and dusty molecular gas. The molecular phase consists of giant clouds, which are the largest gravitationally bound objects in the galaxy, the primary reservoir of material for the ongoing birth of new stars, and the medium regulating the evolution of galactic disks.
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