1
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Bissoyi A, Gao Y, Tomás RMF, Kinney NLH, Whale TF, Guo Q, Gibson MI. Cryopreservation and Rapid Recovery of Differentiated Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Cells at Complex Transwell Interfaces Is Enabled by Chemically Induced Ice Nucleation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38671549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cell-based models, such as organ-on-chips, can replace and inform in vivo (animal) studies for drug discovery, toxicology, and biomedical science, but most cannot be banked "ready to use" as they do not survive conventional cryopreservation with DMSO alone. Here, we demonstrate how macromolecular ice nucleators enable the successful cryopreservation of epithelial intestinal models supported upon the interface of transwells, allowing recovery of function in just 7 days post-thaw directly from the freezer, compared to 21 days from conventional suspension cryopreservation. Caco-2 cells and Caco-2/HT29-MTX cocultures are cryopreserved on transwell inserts, with chemically induced ice nucleation at warmer temperatures resulting in increased cell viability but crucially retaining the complex cellular adhesion on the transwell insert interfaces, which other cryoprotectants do not. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance measurements, confocal microscopy, histology, and whole-cell proteomics demonstrated the rapid recovery of differentiated cell function, including the formation of tight junctions. Lucifer yellow permeability assays confirmed that the barrier functions of the cells were intact. This work will help solve the long-standing problem of transwell tissue barrier model storage, facilitating access to advanced predictive cellular models. This is underpinned by precise control of the nucleation temperature, addressing a crucial biophysical mode of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akalabya Bissoyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Yanan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ruben M F Tomás
- Cryologyx Ltd, Venture Centre, University of Warwick Science Park, Coventry CV4 7EZ, U.K
| | - Nina L H Kinney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, U.K
| | - Thomas F Whale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Qiongyu Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
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2
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Dedola S, Ahmadipour S, de Andrade P, Baker AN, Boshra AN, Chessa S, Gibson MI, Hernando PJ, Ivanova IM, Lloyd JE, Marín MJ, Munro-Clark AJ, Pergolizzi G, Richards SJ, Ttofi I, Wagstaff BA, Field RA. Sialic acids in infection and their potential use in detection and protection against pathogens. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:167-188. [PMID: 38456038 PMCID: PMC10915975 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In structural terms, the sialic acids are a large family of nine carbon sugars based around an alpha-keto acid core. They are widely spread in nature, where they are often found to be involved in molecular recognition processes, including in development, immunology, health and disease. The prominence of sialic acids in infection is a result of their exposure at the non-reducing terminus of glycans in diverse glycolipids and glycoproteins. Herein, we survey representative aspects of sialic acid structure, recognition and exploitation in relation to infectious diseases, their diagnosis and prevention or treatment. Examples covered span influenza virus and Covid-19, Leishmania and Trypanosoma, algal viruses, Campylobacter, Streptococci and Helicobacter, and commensal Ruminococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dedola
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Peterson de Andrade
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Andrew N Boshra
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt
| | - Simona Chessa
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Pedro J Hernando
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Irina M Ivanova
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Jessica E Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - María J Marín
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Alexandra J Munro-Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | | | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Iakovia Ttofi
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Ben A Wagstaff
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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3
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Wang M, Gao Y, Liu X, Li Z, Xiao J, Gao X, Gibson MI, Guo Q. Cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma-based decellularized liver cancer model for local chemoembolization evaluation. Acta Biomater 2024; 176:144-155. [PMID: 38244660 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a common treatment for unresectable intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and involves the combination of chemotherapy agents and embolic materials to target and block the blood supply to the tumor, leading to localized treatment. However, the selection of clinical chemoembolization agents remains limited, and the effectiveness of various agents is still under investigation. Meanwhile, replicating the complex vasculature and extracellular matrix (ECM) circumstances of HCC in in vitro models for evaluating embolic agents proves to be challenging. Herein, we developed a decellularized cancerous liver model with translucent appearance, a complicated hepatic vascular system and tissue-specific ECM for the evaluation of embolic agents. Inkpad oil and microparticles were used to illustrate different systems of vascular structures between healthy and HCC rats' livers. Quantitative analysis with AngioTool revealed significant differences in vessel density and lacunarity between the two groups. Proteomics showed higher secretion of collagens in the HCC rat liver models than in healthy livers. Utilizing this in vitro model, we investigated the impact of tumor-specific vascular structure and ECM composition on chemoembolization performance, the two key factors inaccessible by currently available drug release testing platforms. Our findings revealed that the presence of an aberrant vascular system and the distorted ECM within the model led to drug retention. This preclinical model holds great promise as a valuable tool for evaluating embolic agents and studying their performance in the tumor microenvironment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), which employs drug-eluting embolic agents to obstruct the tumor-feeding vessels while locally releasing chemotherapeutic drugs into the tumor, has become the first-line treatment of unresectable liver cancer over past two decades. Nevertheless, the advancement of effective drug-eluting embolic agents has been retarded due to the lack of appropriate in vitro models for assessing the local embolization and chemotherapy performances in TACE. Here we developed a cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma-based decellularized liver cancer model, which preserves the aberrant vasculatures and tumor-specific extracellular matrix of liver cancer, for TACE evaluation. This model incorporates a blood flow simulation component to assess the dynamics of drug release behaviors of chemoembolic agents within tumor-mimicking conditions, more accurately replicating the in vivo environment for the locoregional assessments as compared to conventional in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Department of Chemistry and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jingyu Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Qiongyu Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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4
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Marton HL, Bhatt A, Sagona AP, Kilbride P, Gibson MI. Screening of Hydrophilic Polymers Reveals Broad Activity in Protecting Phages during Cryopreservation. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:413-424. [PMID: 38124388 PMCID: PMC10777348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages have many biotechnological and therapeutic applications, but as with other biologics, cryopreservation is essential for storage and distribution. Macromolecular cryoprotectants are emerging for a range of biologics, but the chemical space for polymer-mediated phage cryopreservation has not been explored. Here we screen the cryoprotective effect of a panel of polymers against five distinct phages, showing that nearly all the tested polymers provide a benefit. Exceptions were poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(acrylic acid), which can inhibit phage-infection with bacteria, making post-thaw recovery challenging to assess. A particular benefit of a polymeric cryopreservation formulation is that the polymers do not function as carbon sources for the phage hosts (bacteria) and hence do not interfere with post-thaw measurements. This work shows that phages are amenable to protection with hydrophilic polymers and opens up new opportunities for advanced formulations for future phage therapies and to take advantage of the additional functionality brought by the polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huba L. Marton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Apoorva Bhatt
- School
of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Institute
of Microbiology and Infection, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Antonia P. Sagona
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kilbride
- Asymptote,
Cytiva, Chivers Way, Cambridge CB24 9BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, University of
Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester, M1
7DN, United Kingdom
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5
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Tomás RMF, Dallman R, Congdon TR, Gibson MI. Cryopreservation of assay-ready hepatocyte monolayers by chemically-induced ice nucleation: preservation of hepatic function and hepatotoxicity screening capabilities. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7639-7654. [PMID: 37840476 PMCID: PMC10661096 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01046e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell culture plays a critical role in biomedical discovery and drug development. Primary hepatocytes and hepatocyte-derived cell lines are especially important cellular models for drug discovery and development. To enable high-throughput screening and ensure consistent cell phenotypes, there is a need for practical and efficient cryopreservation methods for hepatocyte-derived cell lines and primary hepatocytes in an assay-ready format. Cryopreservation of cells as adherent monolayers in 96-well plates presents unique challenges due to low volumes being susceptible to supercooling, leading to low recovery and well-to-well variation. Primary cell cryopreservation is also particularly challenging due to the loss of cell viability and function. In this study, we demonstrate the use of soluble ice nucleator materials (IN) to cryopreserve a hepatic-derived cell line (HepG2) and primary mouse hepatocytes, as adherent monolayers. HepG2 cell recovery was near 100% and ∼75% of primary hepatocytes were recovered 24 hours post-thaw compared to just 10% and 50% with standard 10% DMSO, respectively. Post-thaw assessment showed that cryopreserved HepG2 cells retain membrane integrity, metabolic activity, proliferative capacity and differentiated hepatic functions including urea secretion, cytochrome P450 levels and lipid droplet accumulation. Cryopreserved primary hepatocytes exhibited reduced hepatic functions compared to fresh hepatocytes, but functional levels were similar to commercial suspension-cryopreserved hepatocytes, with the added benefit of being stored in an assay-ready format. In addition, normal cuboidal morphology and minimal membrane damage were observed 24 hours post-thaw. Cryopreserved HepG2 and mouse hepatocytes treated with a panel of pharmaceutically active compounds produced near-identical dose-response curves and EC50 values compared to fresh hepatocytes, confirming the utility of cryopreserved bankable cells in drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity studies. Cryopreserved adherent HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes in 96 well plates can significantly reduce the time and resource burden associated with routine cell culture and increases the efficiency and productivity of high-throughput drug screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben M F Tomás
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Robert Dallman
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | | | - Matthew I Gibson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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6
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Gonzalez-Martinez N, Gibson MI. Post-thaw application of ROCK-inhibitors increases cryopreserved T-cell yield. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2058-2067. [PMID: 37859712 PMCID: PMC10583820 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00378g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging cell-based therapies such as CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T) cells require cryopreservation to store and deliver intact and viable cells. Conventional cryopreservation formulations use DMSO to mitigate cold-induced damage, but do not address all the biochemical damage mechanisms induced by cold stress, such as programmed cell death (apoptosis). Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCK) are a key component of apoptosis, and their activation contributes to apoptotic blebbing. Here we demonstrate that the ROCK inhibitor fasudil hydrochloride, when supplemented into the thawing medium of T-cells increases the overall yield of healthy cells. Cell yield was highest using 5 or 10% DMSO cryopreservation solutions, with lower DMSO concentrations (2.5%) leading to significant physical damage to the cells. After optimisation, the post-thaw yield of T-cells increased by approximately 20% using this inhibitor, a significant increase in the context of a therapy. Flow cytometry analysis did not show a significant reduction in the relative percentage of cell populations undergoing apoptosis, but there was a small reduction in the 8 hours following thawing. Fasudil also led to a reduction in reactive oxygen species. Addition of fasudil into the cryopreservation solution, followed by dilution (rather than washing) upon thaw also gave a 20% increase in cell yield, demonstrating how this could be deployed in a cell-therapy context, without needing to change clinical thawing routines. Overall, this shows that modulation of post-thaw biochemical pathways which lead to apoptosis (or other degradative pathways) can be effectively targeted as a strategy to increase T-cell yield and function post-thaw.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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7
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Murray A, Kilbride P, Gibson MI. Proline pre-conditioning of Jurkat cells improves recovery after cryopreservation. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1704-1711. [PMID: 37731697 PMCID: PMC10507795 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00274h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies such as allogenic CAR T-cell therapy, natural killer cell therapy and stem cell transplants must be cryopreserved for transport and storage. This is typically achieved by addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) but the cryoprotectant does not result in 100% cell recovery. New additives or technologies to improve their cryopreservation could have major impact for these emerging therapies. l-Proline is an amino acid osmolyte produced as a cryoprotectant by several organisms such as the codling moth Cydia pomonella and the larvae of the fly Chymomyza costata, and has been found to modulate post-thaw outcomes for several cell lines but has not been studied with Jurkat cells, a T lymphocyte cell line. Here we investigate the effectiveness of l-proline compared to d-proline and l-alanine for the cryopreservation of Jurkat cells. It is shown that 24-hour pre-freezing incubation of Jurkat cells with 200 mM l-proline resulted in a modest increase in cell recovery post-thaw at high cell density, but a larger increase in recovery was observed at the lower cell densities. l-Alanine was as effective as l-proline at lower cell densities, and addition of l-proline to the cryopreservation media (without incubation) had no benefit. The pre-freeze incubation with l-proline led to significant reductions in cell proliferation supporting an intracellular, biochemical, mechanism of action which was shown to be cell-density dependent. Controls with d-proline were found to reduce post-thaw recovery attributed to osmotic stress as d-proline cannot enter the cells. Preliminary analysis of apoptosis/necrosis profiles by flow cytometry indicated that inhibition of apoptosis is not the primary mode of action. Overall, this supports the use of l-proline pre-conditioning to improve T-cell post-thaw recovery without needing any changes to cryopreservation solutions nor methods and hence is simple to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | | | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
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8
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Pritchard C, Ligorio M, Jackson GD, Gibson MI, Ward MD. Programmable Monodisperse Glyco-Multivalency Using Self-Assembled Coordination Cages as Scaffolds. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37486195 PMCID: PMC10401570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The multivalent presentation of glycans leads to enhanced binding avidity to lectins due to the cluster glycoside effect. Most materials used as scaffolds for multivalent glycan arrays, such as polymers or nanoparticles, have intrinsic dispersity: meaning that in any sample, a range of valencies are presented and it is not possible to determine which fraction(s) are responsible for binding. The intrinsic dispersity of many multivalent glycan scaffolds also limits their reproducibility and predictability. Here we make use of the structurally programmable nature of self-assembled metal coordination cages, with polyhedral metal-ion cores supporting ligand arrays of predictable sizes, to assemble a 16-membered library of perfectly monodisperse glycoclusters displaying valencies from 2 to 24 through a careful choice of ligand/metal combinations. Mono- and trisaccharides are introduced into these clusters, showing that the synthetic route is tolerant of biologically relevant glycans, including sialic acids. The cluster series demonstrates increased binding to a range of lectins as the number of glycans increases. This strategy offers an alternative to current glycomaterials for control of the valency of three-dimensional (3-D) glycan arrays, and may find application across sensing, imaging, and basic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Pritchard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, U.K
| | - Melissa Ligorio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, U.K
| | - Garrett D Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, U.K
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, U.K
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, U.K
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, U.K
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9
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Gao Y, Bissoyi A, Kinney NLH, Whale TF, Guo Q, Gibson MI. Proline-conditioning and chemically-programmed ice nucleation protects spheroids during cryopreservation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37401839 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02252h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Spheroids mimic 3-D tissue niches better than standard cell cultures. Cryopreserving spheroids, however, remains challenging as conventional cryoprotectants do not mitigate all damage mechanisms. Here chemically-programmed extracellular ice nucleation is used to prevent supercooling, alongside proline pre-conditioning, which are found to synergystically improve post-thaw recovery of spheroids. This validates the need to identify compounds and materials to address both biochemical and biophysical damage pathways beyond standard cryoprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Akalabya Bissoyi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nina L H Kinney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Thomas F Whale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Qiongyu Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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10
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Murray K, Gao Y, Griffiths CA, Kinney NLH, Guo Q, Gibson MI, Whale TF. Chemically Induced Extracellular Ice Nucleation Reduces Intracellular Ice Formation Enabling 2D and 3D Cellular Cryopreservation. JACS Au 2023; 3:1314-1320. [PMID: 37234117 PMCID: PMC10207112 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
3D cell assemblies such as spheroids reproduce the in vivo state more accurately than traditional 2D cell monolayers and are emerging as tools to reduce or replace animal testing. Current cryopreservation methods are not optimized for complex cell models, hence they are not easily banked and not as widely used as 2D models. Here we use soluble ice nucleating polysaccharides to nucleate extracellular ice and dramatically improve spheroid cryopreservation outcomes. This protects the cells beyond using DMSO alone, and with the major advantage that the nucleators function extracellularly and hence do not need to permeate the 3D cell models. Critical comparison of suspension, 2D and 3D cryopreservation outcomes demonstrated that warm-temperature ice nucleation reduces the formation of (fatal) intracellular ice, and in the case of 2/3D models this reduces propagation of ice between adjacent cells. This demonstrates that extracellular chemical nucleators could revolutionize the banking and deployment of advanced cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn
A. Murray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Division
of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Yanan Gao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Christopher A. Griffiths
- Department
of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Turistgatan 5, 453 30 Lysekil, Sweden
| | - Nina L. H. Kinney
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Qiongyu Guo
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Division
of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas F. Whale
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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11
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Eickhoff L, Keßler M, Stubbs C, Derksen J, Viefhues M, Anselmetti D, Gibson MI, Hoge B, Koop T. Ice nucleation in aqueous solutions of short- and long-chain poly(vinyl alcohol) studied with a droplet microfluidics setup. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2882248. [PMID: 37093996 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has ice binding and ice nucleating properties. Here, we explore the dependence of the molecular size of PVA on its ice nucleation activity. For this purpose, we studied ice nucleation in aqueous solutions of PVA samples with molar masses ranging from 370 to 145 000 g mol-1, with a particular focus on oligomer samples with low molar mass. The experiments employed a novel microfluidic setup that is a follow-up on the previous WeIzmann Supercooled Droplets Observation on a Microarray (WISDOM) design by Reicher et al. The modified setup introduced and characterized here, termed nanoliter Bielefeld Ice Nucleation ARraY (nanoBINARY), uses droplet microfluidics with droplets (96 ± 4) µm in diameter and a fluorinated continuous oil phase and surfactant. A comparison of homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation data obtained with nanoBINARY to those obtained with WISDOM shows very good agreement, underpinning its ability to study low-temperature ice nucleators as well as homogeneous ice nucleation due to the low background of impurities. The experiments on aqueous PVA solutions revealed that the ice nucleation activity of shorter PVA chains strongly decreases with a decrease in molar mass. While the cumulative number of ice nucleating sites per mass nm of polymers with different molar masses is the same, it becomes smaller for oligomers and completely vanishes for dimer and monomer representatives such as 1,3-butanediol, propan-2-ol, and ethanol, most likely because these molecules become too small to effectively stabilize the critical ice embryo. Overall, our results are consistent with PVA polymers and oligomers acting as heterogeneous ice nucleators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Eickhoff
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mira Keßler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christopher Stubbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Derksen
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Martina Viefhues
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dario Anselmetti
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Koop
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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12
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Abstract
Bioprocessing and biotechnology exploit microorganisms (such as bacteria) for the production of chemicals, biologics, therapies, and food. A major unmet challenge is that bacteriophage (phage) contamination compromises products and necessitates shut-downs and extensive decontamination using nonspecific disinfectants. Here we demonstrate that poly(acrylic acid) prevents phage-induced killing of bacterial hosts, prevents phage replication, and that induction of recombinant protein expression is not affected by the presence of the polymer. Poly(acrylic acid) was more active than poly(methacrylic acid), and poly(styrenesulfonate) had no activity showing the importance of the carboxylic acids. Initial evidence supported a virustatic, not virucidal, mechanism of action. This simple, low-cost, mass-produced additive offers a practical, scalable, and easy to implement solution to reduce phage contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huba L Marton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | | | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Antonia P Sagona
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7A, U.K
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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13
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Neves MMPS, Richards SJ, Baker AN, Walker M, Georgiou PG, Gibson MI. Discrimination between protein glycoforms using lectin-functionalised gold nanoparticles as signal enhancers. Nanoscale Horiz 2023; 8:377-382. [PMID: 36651292 PMCID: PMC9969229 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00470d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glycoforms (and other post-translational modifications) of otherwise identical proteins can indicate pathogenesis/disease state and hence new tools to detect and sense a protein's glycosylation status are essential. Antibody-based assays against specific protein sequences do not typically discriminate between glycoforms. Here we demonstrate a 'sandwich' bio-assay approach, whereby antibodies immobilised onto biolayer interferometry sensors first select proteins, and then the specific glycoform is identified using gold nanoparticles functionalised with lectins which provide signal enhancement. The nanoparticles significantly enhance the signal relative to lectins alone, allowing glycoform specific detection as low as 0.04 μg mL-1 (1.4 nM) in buffer, and crucially there is no need for an enrichment step and all steps can be automated. Proof of concept is demonstrated using prostate specific antigen: a biomarker for prostate cancer, where glycoform analysis could distinguish between cancerous and non-cancerous status, rather than only detecting overall protein concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M P S Neves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Institute of Advanced Study, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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14
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Judge N, Georgiou PG, Bissoyi A, Ahmad A, Heise A, Gibson MI. High Molecular Weight Polyproline as a Potential Biosourced Ice Growth Inhibitor: Synthesis, Ice Recrystallization Inhibition, and Specific Ice Face Binding. Biomacromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Judge
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Akalabya Bissoyi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI, Dublin 2, Ireland
- AMBER, The SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, RCSI, Dublin D02, Ireland
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
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15
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Bissoyi A, Tomás RMF, Gao Y, Guo Q, Gibson MI. Cryopreservation of Liver-Cell Spheroids with Macromolecular Cryoprotectants. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:2630-2638. [PMID: 36621888 PMCID: PMC9869333 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spheroids are a powerful tool for basic research and to reduce or replace in vivo (animal) studies but are not routinely banked nor shared. Here, we report the successful cryopreservation of hepatocyte spheroids using macromolecular (polyampholyte) cryoprotectants supplemented into dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. We demonstrate that a polyampholyte significantly increases post-thaw recovery, minimizes membrane damage related to cryo-injury, and remains in the extracellular space making it simple to remove post-thaw. In a model toxicology challenge, the thawed spheroids matched the performance of fresh spheroids. F-actin staining showed that DMSO-only cryopreserved samples had reduced actin polymerization, which the polyampholyte rescued, potentially linked to intracellular ice formation. This work may facilitate access to off-the-shelf and ready-to-use frozen spheroids, without the need for in-house culturing. Readily accessible 3-D cell models may also reduce the number of in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akalabya Bissoyi
- Division
of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Ruben M. F. Tomás
- Division
of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Yanan Gao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qiongyu Guo
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Division
of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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16
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Ishibe T, Gonzalez-Martinez N, Georgiou PG, Murray KA, Gibson MI. Synthesis of Poly(2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl methacrylate) via Oxidation of Poly(2-(methylthio)ethyl methacrylate): Evaluation of the Sulfoxide Side Chain on Cryopreservation. ACS Polym Au 2022; 2:449-457. [PMID: 36536886 PMCID: PMC9756334 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conventional cryopreservation solutions rely on the addition of organic solvents such as DMSO or glycerol, but these do not give full recovery for all cell types, and innovative cryoprotectants may address damage pathways which these solvents do not protect against. Macromolecular cryoprotectants are emerging, but there is a need to understand their structure-property relationships and mechanisms of action. Here we synthesized and investigated the cryoprotective behavior of sulfoxide (i.e., "DMSO-like") side-chain polymers, which have been reported to be cryoprotective using poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymers. We also wanted to determine if the polarized sulfoxide bond (S+O- character) introduces cryoprotective effects, as this has been seen for mixed-charge cryoprotective polyampholytes, whose mechanism of action is not yet understood. Poly(2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl methacrylate) was synthesized by RAFT polymerization of 2-(methylthio)ethyl methacrylate and subsequent oxidation to sulfoxide. A corresponding N-oxide polymer was also prepared and characterized: (poly(2-(dimethylamineoxide)ethyl methacrylate). Ice recrystallization inhibition assays and differential scanning calorimetry analysis show that the sulfoxide side chains do not modulate the frozen components during cryopreservation. In cytotoxicity assays, it was found that long-term (24 h) exposure of the polymers was not tolerated by cells, but shorter (30 min) incubation times, which are relevant for cryopreservation, were tolerated. It was also observed that overoxidation to the sulfone significantly increased the cytotoxicity, and hence, these materials require a precision oxidation step to be deployed. In suspension cell cryopreservation investigations, the polysulfoxides did not increase cell recovery 24 h post-thaw. These results show that unlike hydrophilic backboned polysulfides, which can aid cryopreservation, the installation of the sulfoxide group onto a polymer does not necessarily bring cryoprotective properties, highlighting the challenges of developing and discovering macromolecular cryoprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Ishibe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
| | | | - Panagiotis G. Georgiou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
| | - Kathryn A. Murray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
- Division
of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
- Division
of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
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17
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Georgiou PG, Kinney NLH, Kontopoulou I, Baker AN, Hindmarsh SA, Bissoyi A, Congdon TR, Whale TF, Gibson MI. Poly(vinyl alcohol) Molecular Bottlebrushes Nucleate Ice. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:5285-5296. [PMID: 36441868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ice binding proteins (IBP) have evolved to limit the growth of ice but also to promote ice formation by ice-nucleating proteins (INPs). IBPs, which modulate these seemingly distinct processes, often have high sequence similarities, and molecular size/assembly is hypothesized to be a crucial determinant. There are only a few synthetic materials that reproduce INP function, and rational design of ice nucleators has not been achieved due to outstanding questions about the mechanisms of ice binding. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer well known to effectively block ice recrystallization, by binding to ice. Here, we report the synthesis of a polymeric ice nucleator, which mimics the dense assembly of IBPs, using confined ice-binding polymers in a high-molar-mass molecular bottlebrush. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based molecular bottlebrushes with different side-chain densities were synthesized via a combination of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, using "grafting-to" and "grafting-through" approaches. The facile preparation of the PVA bottlebrushes was performed via selective hydrolysis of the acetate of the poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) side chains of the PVAc bottlebrush precursors. Ice-binding polymer side-chain density was shown to be crucial for nucleation activity, with less dense brushes resulting in colder nucleation than denser brushes. This bio-inspired approach provides a synthetic framework for probing heterogeneous ice nucleation and a route toward defined synthetic nucleators for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Nina L H Kinney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Ioanna Kontopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Steven A Hindmarsh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Akalabya Bissoyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Thomas R Congdon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Thomas F Whale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
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18
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Whale TF, Murray KA, Kinney NL, Griffiths CA, Hasan M, Gibson MI. Tree pollen derived ice-nucleating macromolecules enables cryopreservation of mammalian cell monolayers in 96-well plates. Cryobiology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Gao Y, Guo Q, Gibson MI. Evaluating l-proline as a cryoprotectant for 2 and 3-D cell models. Cryobiology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Marton HL, Styles KM, Kilbride P, Sagona AP, Gibson MI. Polymer-mediated cryopreservation of bacteriophages. Cryobiology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Micallef J, Baker AN, Richards SJ, Soutar DE, Georgiou PG, Walker M, Gibson MI. Polymer-tethered glyconanoparticle colourimetric biosensors for lectin binding: structural and experimental parameters to ensure a robust output. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33080-33090. [PMID: 36425181 PMCID: PMC9672907 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06265h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan-lectin interactions play essential roles in biology; as the site of attachment for pathogens, cell-cell communication, and as crucial players in the immune system. Identifying if a new glycan (natural or unnatural) binds a protein partner, or if a new protein (or mutant) binds a glycan remains a non-trivial problem, with few accessible or low-cost tools available. Micro-arrays allow for the interrogation of 100's of glycans but are not widely available in individual laboratories. Biophysical techniques such as isothermal titration calorimetry, surface plasmon resonance spectrometry, biolayer interferometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy all provide detailed understanding of glycan binding but are relatively expensive. Glycosylated plasmonic nanoparticles based on gold cores with polymeric tethers have emerged as biosensors to detect glycan-protein binding, based on colourimetric (red to blue) outputs which can be easily interpreted by a simple UV-visible spectrometer or by eye. Despite the large number of reports there are no standard protocols for each system or recommended start points, to allow a new user to deploy this technology. Here we explore the key parameters of nanoparticle size, polymeric tether length and gold concentration to provide some guidelines for how polymer-tethered glycosylated gold nanoparticles can be used to probe a new glycan/protein interactions, with minimal optimisation barriers. This work aimed to remove the need to explore chemical and nanoparticle space and hence remove a barrier for other users when deploying this system. We show that the concentration of the gold core is crucial to balance strong responses versus false positives and recommend a gold core size and polymer tether length which balances sufficient colloidal stability and output. Whilst subtle differences between glycans/lectins will impact the outcomes, these parameters should enable a lab user to quickly evaluate binding using minimal quantities of the glycan and lectin, to select candidates for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
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22
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Ahmad A, Georgiou PG, Pancaro A, Hasan M, Nelissen I, Gibson MI. Polymer-tethered glycosylated gold nanoparticles recruit sialylated glycoproteins into their protein corona, leading to off-target lectin binding. Nanoscale 2022; 14:13261-13273. [PMID: 36053227 PMCID: PMC9494357 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01818g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Upon exposure to biological fluids, the fouling of nanomaterial surfaces results in non-specific capture of proteins, which is particularly important when in contact with blood for in vivo and ex vivo applications. It is crucial to evaluate not just the protein components but also the glycans attached to those proteins. Polymer-tethered glycosylated gold nanoparticles have shown promise for use in biosensing/diagnostics, but the impact of the glycoprotein corona has not been established. Here we investigate how polymer-tethered glycosylated gold nanoparticles interact with serum proteins and demonstrate that the protein corona introduces new glycans and hence off-specific targeting capability. Using a panel of RAFT-derived polymers grafted to the gold surface, we show that the extent of corona formation is not dependent on the type of polymer. In lectin-binding assays, a glycan (galactose) installed on the chain-end of the polymer was available for binding even after protein corona formation. However, using sialic-acid binding lectins, it was found that there was significant off-target binding due to the large density of sialic acids introduced in the corona, confirmed by western blotting. To demonstrate the importance, we show that the nanoparticles can bind Siglec-2, an immune-relevant lectin post-corona formation. Pre-coating with (non-glycosylated) bovine serum albumin led to a significant reduction in the total glycoprotein corona. However, sufficient sialic acids were still present in the residual corona to lead to off-target binding. These results demonstrate the importance of the glycans when considering the protein corona and how 'retention of the desired function' does not rule out 'installation of undesired function' when considering the performance of glyco-nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Alessia Pancaro
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, BE-2400, Belgium
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, Diepenbeek, BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, BE-2400, Belgium
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, Diepenbeek, BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
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23
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Guy CS, Tomás RMF, Tang Q, Gibson MI, Fullam E. Imaging of antitubercular dimeric boronic acids at the mycobacterial cell surface by click-probe capture. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9361-9364. [PMID: 35917119 PMCID: PMC9387567 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dimeric boronic acids kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by targeting mycobacterial specific extracellular glycans, removing the requirement for a therapeutic agent to permeate the complex cell envelope. Here we report the successful development and use of new ‘clickable’ boronic acid probes as a powerful method to enable the direct detection and visualisation of this unique class of cell-surface targeting antitubercular agents. Antitubercular ‘clickable’ diboronic acid agents are directly incorporated into the mycobacterial cell envelope through glycan-targeting.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Collette S Guy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Ruben M F Tomás
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Qiao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Elizabeth Fullam
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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24
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Tomás RMF, Bissoyi A, Congdon TR, Gibson MI. Assay-ready Cryopreserved Cell Monolayers Enabled by Macromolecular Cryoprotectants. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3948-3959. [PMID: 35972897 PMCID: PMC9472225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cell monolayers underpin the discovery and screening
of new drugs
and allow for fundamental studies of cell biology and disease. However,
current cryopreservation technologies do not allow cells to be stored
frozen while attached to tissue culture plastic. Hence, cells must
be thawed from suspension, cultured for several days or weeks, and
finally transferred into multiwell plates for the desired application.
This inefficient process consumes significant time handling cells,
rather than conducting biomedical research or other value-adding activities.
Here, we demonstrate that a synthetic macromolecular cryoprotectant
enables the routine, reproducible, and robust cryopreservation of
biomedically important cell monolayers, within industry-standard tissue
culture multiwell plates. The cells are simply thawed with media and
placed in an incubator ready to use within 24 h. Post-thaw cell recovery
values were >80% across three cell lines with low well-to-well
variance.
The cryopreserved cells retained healthy morphology, membrane integrity,
proliferative capacity, and metabolic activity; showed marginal increases
in apoptotic cells; and responded well to a toxicological challenge
using doxorubicin. These discoveries confirm that the cells are “assay-ready”
24 h after thaw. Overall, we show that macromolecular cryoprotectants
can address a long-standing cryobiological challenge and offers the
potential to transform routine cell culture for biomedical discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben M F Tomás
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Akalabya Bissoyi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | | | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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25
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Zadjelovic V, Erni-Cassola G, Obrador-Viel T, Lester D, Eley Y, Gibson MI, Dorador C, Golyshin PN, Black S, Wellington EMH, Christie-Oleza JA. A mechanistic understanding of polyethylene biodegradation by the marine bacterium Alcanivorax. J Hazard Mater 2022; 436:129278. [PMID: 35739790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most recalcitrant carbon-based synthetic materials produced and, currently, the most ubiquitous plastic pollutant found in nature. Over time, combined abiotic and biotic processes are thought to eventually breakdown PE. Despite limited evidence of biological PE degradation and speculation that hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria found within the plastisphere is an indication of biodegradation, there is no clear mechanistic understanding of the process. Here, using high-throughput proteomics, we investigated the molecular processes that take place in the hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium Alcanivorax sp. 24 when grown in the presence of low density PE (LDPE). As well as efficiently utilising and assimilating the leachate of weathered LDPE, the bacterium was able to reduce the molecular weight distribution (Mw from 122 to 83 kg/mol) and overall mass of pristine LDPE films (0.9 % after 34 days of incubation). Most interestingly, Alcanivorax acquired the isotopic signature of the pristine plastic and induced an extensive array of metabolic pathways for aliphatic compound degradation. Presumably, the primary biodegradation of LDPE by Alcanivorax sp. 24 is possible via the production of extracellular reactive oxygen species as observed both by the material's surface oxidation and the measurement of superoxide in the culture with LDPE. Our findings confirm that hydrocarbon-biodegrading bacteria within the plastisphere may in fact have a role in degrading PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinko Zadjelovic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Gabriel Erni-Cassola
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Program Man-Society-Environment (MGU), University of Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Theo Obrador-Viel
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma 07122, Spain
| | - Daniel Lester
- Polymer Characterisation Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yvette Eley
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Cristina Dorador
- Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Chile; Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile; Centre for Biotechnology & Bioengineering (CeBiB) Santiago, Chile
| | - Peter N Golyshin
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Stuart Black
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, UK
| | | | - Joseph A Christie-Oleza
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma 07122, Spain.
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26
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Warren MT, Galpin I, Bachtiger F, Gibson MI, Sosso GC. Correction to "Ice Recrystallization Inhibition by Amino Acids: The Curious Case of Alpha- and Beta-Alanine". J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6994. [PMID: 35882052 PMCID: PMC9358702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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27
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Baker AN, Hawker-Bond GW, Georgiou PG, Dedola S, Field RA, Gibson MI. Glycosylated gold nanoparticles in point of care diagnostics: from aggregation to lateral flow. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7238-7259. [PMID: 35894819 PMCID: PMC9377422 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current point-of-care lateral flow immunoassays, such as the home pregnancy test, rely on proteins as detection units (e.g. antibodies) to sense for analytes. Glycans play a fundamental role in biological signalling and recognition events such as pathogen adhesion and hence they are promising future alternatives to antibody-based biosensing and diagnostics. Here we introduce the potential of glycans coupled to gold nanoparticles as recognition agents for lateral flow diagnostics. We first introduce the concept of lateral flow, including a case study of lateral flow use in the field compared to other diagnostic tools. We then introduce glycosylated materials, the affinity gains achieved by the cluster glycoside effect and the current use of these in aggregation based assays. Finally, the potential role of glycans in lateral flow are explained, and examples of their successful use given. Antibody-based lateral flow (immune) assays are well established, but here the emerging concept and potential of using glycans as the detection agents is reviewed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - George W Hawker-Bond
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | | | - Robert A Field
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK. .,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
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28
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Pesenti T, Zhu C, Gonzalez-Martinez N, Tomás RMF, Gibson MI, Nicolas J. Degradable Polyampholytes from Radical Ring-Opening Copolymerization Enhance Cellular Cryopreservation. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:889-894. [PMID: 35766585 PMCID: PMC9301905 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular cryoprotectants based on polyampholytes are showing promise as supplemental cryoprotectants alongside conventional DMSO-based freezing. Here we exploit radical ring-opening (ter)polymerization to access ester-containing cryoprotective polyampholytes, which were shown to be degradable. Using a challenging cell monolayer cryopreservation model, the degradable polyampholytes were found to enhance post-thaw recovery when supplemented into DMSO. This demonstrates that degradable macromolecular cryoprotectants can be developed for application in biotechnology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Pesenti
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut
Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Chen Zhu
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut
Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Natalia Gonzalez-Martinez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
- Division
of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
| | - Ruben M. F. Tomás
- Division
of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
- Division
of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut
Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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29
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Murray KA, Kinney NLH, Griffiths CA, Hasan M, Gibson MI, Whale TF. Pollen derived macromolecules serve as a new class of ice-nucleating cryoprotectants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12295. [PMID: 35854036 PMCID: PMC9296471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of biological material is vital for existing and emerging biomedical and biotechnological research and related applications, but there remain significant challenges. Cryopreservation of cells in sub-milliliter volumes is difficult because they tend to deeply supercool, favoring lethal intracellular ice formation. Some tree pollens are known to produce polysaccharides capable of nucleating ice at warm sub-zero temperatures. Here we demonstrated that aqueous extractions from European hornbeam pollen (pollen washing water, PWW) increased ice nucleation temperatures in 96-well plates from ≈ − 13 °C to ≈ − 7 °C. Application of PWW to the cryopreservation of immortalized T-cells in 96-well plates resulted in an increase of post-thaw metabolic activity from 63.9% (95% CI [58.5 to 69.2%]) to 97.4% (95% CI [86.5 to 108.2%]) of unfrozen control. When applied to cryopreservation of immortalized lung carcinoma monolayers, PWW dramatically increased post-thaw metabolic activity, from 1.6% (95% CI [− 6.6 to 9.79%]) to 55.0% (95% CI [41.6 to 68.4%]). In contrast to other ice nucleating agents, PWW is soluble, sterile and has low cytotoxicity meaning it can be readily incorporated into existing cryopreservation procedures. As such, it can be regarded as a unique class of cryoprotectant which acts by inducing ice nucleation at warm temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nina L H Kinney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christopher A Griffiths
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Turistgatan 5, 453 30, Lysekil, Sweden.,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
| | - Thomas F Whale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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30
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Abstract
Cryopreservation of cells and biologics underpins all biomedical research from routine sample storage to emerging cell-based therapies, as well as ensuring cell banks provide authenticated, stable and consistent cell products. This field began with the discovery and wide adoption of glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide as cryoprotectants over 60 years ago, but these tools do not work for all cells and are not ideal for all workflows. In this Review, we highlight and critically review the approaches to discover, and apply, new chemical tools for cryopreservation. We summarize the key (and complex) damage pathways during cellular cryopreservation and how each can be addressed. Bio-inspired approaches, such as those based on extremophiles, are also discussed. We describe both small-molecule-based and macromolecular-based strategies, including ice binders, ice nucleators, ice nucleation inhibitors and emerging materials whose exact mechanism has yet to be understood. Finally, looking towards the future of the field, the application of bottom-up molecular modelling, library-based discovery approaches and materials science tools, which are set to transform cryopreservation strategies, are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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31
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Warren MT, Galpin I, Hasan M, Hindmarsh SA, Padrnos JD, Edwards-Gayle C, Mathers RT, Adams DJ, Sosso GC, Gibson MI. Minimalistic ice recrystallisation inhibitors based on phenylalanine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7658-7661. [PMID: 35723608 PMCID: PMC9260883 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02531k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ice recrystallisation inhibition (IRI) is typically associated with ice binding proteins, but polymers and other mimetics are emerging. Here we identify phenylalanine as a minimalistic, yet potent, small-molecule IRI capable of inhibiting ice growth at just 1 mg mL-1. Facial amphiphilicity is shown to be a crucial structural feature, with para-substituents enhancing (hydrophobic) or decreasing (hydrophilic) IRI activity. Both amino and acid groups were found to be essential. Solution-phase self-assembly of Phenylalanine was not observed, but the role of self-assembly at the ice/water interface could not be ruled out as a contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Warren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV5 6NP, UK. .,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV5 6NP, UK
| | - Iain Galpin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV5 6NP, UK.
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV5 6NP, UK. .,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV5 6NP, UK
| | | | - John D Padrnos
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, New Kensington, PA, 15068, USA
| | | | - Robert T Mathers
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, New Kensington, PA, 15068, USA
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV5 6NP, UK. .,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV5 6NP, UK
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32
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Baker AN, Congdon TR, Richards SJ, Georgiou PG, Walker M, Dedola S, Field RA, Gibson MI. End-Functionalized Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) for Ligand Display in Lateral Flow Device Test Lines. ACS Polym Au 2022; 2:69-79. [PMID: 35425945 PMCID: PMC7612620 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Lateral flow devices
are rapid (and often low cost) point-of-care
diagnostics—the classic example being the home pregnancy test.
A test line (the stationary phase) is typically prepared by the physisorption
of an antibody, which binds to analytes/antigens such as viruses,
toxins, or hormones. However, there is no intrinsic requirement for
the detection unit to be an antibody, and incorporating other ligand
classes may bring new functionalities or detection capabilities. To
enable other (nonprotein) ligands to be deployed in lateral flow devices,
they must be physiosorbed to the stationary phase as a conjugate,
which currently would be a high-molecular-weight carrier protein,
which requires (challenging) chemoselective modifications and purification.
Here, we demonstrate that poly(vinylpyrrolidone), PVP, is a candidate
for a polymeric, protein-free test line, owing to its unique balance
of water solubility (for printing) and adhesion to the nitrocellulose
stationary phase. End-functionalized PVPs were prepared by RAFT polymerization,
and the model capture ligands of biotin and galactosamine were installed
on PVP and subsequently immobilized on nitrocellulose. This polymeric
test line was validated in both flow-through and full lateral flow
formats using streptavidin and soybean agglutinin and is the first
demonstration of an “all-polymer” approach for installation
of capture units. This work illustrates the potential of polymeric
scaffolds as anchoring agents for small-molecule capture agents in
the next generation of robust and modular lateral flow devices and
that macromolecular engineering may provide real benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Thomas R Congdon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | | | | | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | | | - Robert A Field
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd, Norwich NR4 7GJ, U.K.; Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
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33
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Georgiou PG, Guy CS, Hasan M, Ahmad A, Richards SJ, Baker AN, Thakkar NV, Walker M, Pandey S, Anderson NR, Grammatopoulos D, Gibson MI. Plasmonic Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with Polymer-Stabilized Glycosylated Gold Nanorods. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:317-322. [PMID: 35575357 PMCID: PMC8928465 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The COVID-19 pandemic
has highlighted the need for innovative biosensing,
diagnostic, and surveillance platforms. Here we report that glycosylated,
polymer-stabilized, gold nanorods can bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
and show correlation to the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in primary COVID-19
clinical samples. Telechelic polymers were prepared by reversible
addition–fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, enabling
the capture of 2,3-sialyllactose and immobilization onto gold nanorods.
Control experiments with a panel of lectins and a galactosamine-terminated
polymer confirmed the selective binding. The glycosylated rods were
shown to give dose-dependent responses against recombinant truncated
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and the responses were further correlated
using primary patient swab samples. The essentiality of the anisotropic
particles for reducing the background interference is demonstrated.
This highlights the utility of polymer tethering of glycans for plasmonic
biosensors of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Collette S. Guy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Alexander N. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Neer V. Thakkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Sarojini Pandey
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX, U.K
| | - Neil R. Anderson
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX, U.K
| | - Dimitris Grammatopoulos
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX, U.K
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
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34
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Warren M, Galpin I, Bachtiger F, Gibson MI, Sosso GC. Ice Recrystallization Inhibition by Amino Acids: The Curious Case of Alpha- and Beta-Alanine. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2237-2244. [PMID: 35238571 PMCID: PMC9007522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extremophiles produce macromolecules which inhibit ice recrystallization, but there is increasing interest in discovering and developing small molecules that can modulate ice growth. Realizing their potential requires an understanding of how these molecules function at the atomistic level. Here, we report the discovery that the amino acid l-α-alanine demonstrates ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity, functioning at 100 mM (∼10 mg/mL). We combined experimental assays with molecular simulations to investigate this IRI agent, drawing comparison to β-alanine, an isomer of l-α-alanine which displays no IRI activity. We found that the difference in the IRI activity of these molecules does not originate from their ice binding affinity, but from their capacity to (not) become overgrown, dictated by the degree of structural (in)compatibility within the growing ice lattice. These findings shed new light on the microscopic mechanisms of small molecule cryoprotectants, particularly in terms of their molecular structure and overgrowth by ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
T. Warren
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Galpin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Fabienne Bachtiger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele C. Sosso
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Stevens
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV5 6NP, U.K
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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36
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Baker AN, Muguruza AR, Richards S, Georgiou PG, Goetz S, Walker M, Dedola S, Field RA, Gibson MI. Lateral Flow Glyco-Assays for the Rapid and Low-Cost Detection of Lectins-Polymeric Linkers and Particle Engineering Are Essential for Selectivity and Performance. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101784. [PMID: 34747143 PMCID: PMC7612396 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lateral flow immuno-assays, such as the home pregnancy test, are rapid point-of-care diagnostics that use antibody-coated nanoparticles to bind antigens/analytes (e.g., viruses, toxins or hormones). Ease of use, no need for centralized infrastructure and low-cost, makes these devices appealing for rapid disease identification, especially in low-resource environments. Here glycosylated polymer-coated nanoparticles are demonstrated for the sensitive, label-free detection of lectins in lateral flow and flow-through. The systems introduced here use glycans, not antibodies, to provide recognition: a “lateral flow glyco-assay,” providing unique biosensing opportunities. Glycans are installed onto polymer termini and immobilized onto gold nanoparticles, providing colloidal stability but crucially also introducing assay tunability and selectivity. Using soybean agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA120) as model analytes, the impact of polymer chain length and nanoparticle core size are evaluated, with chain length found to have a significant effect on signal generation—highlighting the need to control the macromolecular architecture to tune response. With optimized systems, lectins are detectable at subnanomolar concentrations, comparable to antibody-based systems. Complete lateral flow devices are also assembled to show how these devices can be deployed in the “real world.” This work shows that glycan-binding can be a valuable tool in rapid diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Baker
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Asier R. Muguruza
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- School of Chemistry University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Sarah‐Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Stephen Goetz
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7GJ UK
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Simone Dedola
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7GJ UK
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology University of Manchester Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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37
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Kontopoulou I, Congdon TR, Bassett S, Mair B, Gibson MI. Synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol) by blue light bismuth oxide photocatalysed RAFT. Evaluation of the impact of freeze/thaw cycling on ice recrystallisation inhibition. Polym Chem 2022; 13:4692-4700. [PMID: 36092983 PMCID: PMC9379775 DOI: 10.1039/d2py00852a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, is the most potent polymeric ice recrystallisation inhibitor (IRI), mimicking a complex function of ice binding proteins. The IRI activity of PVA scales with its molecular weight and hence broad molecular weight distributions in free radical-derived PVAs lead to activity measurements dominated by small amounts of heavier fractions. Well-defined PVA can be prepared by thermally initiated RAFT/MADIX polymerization using xanthates by the polymerization of the less activated monomer vinyl acetate. The low conversions and molecular weights obtained during this approach, often requires feeding of additional initiator and bulk polymerization. Here we employ bismuth oxide photo-RAFT in solution, using blue light (450 nm), rather than previously reported white light, to obtain a library of PVA's. The use of blue light enabled quantitative conversion and acceptable dispersities. Purple light (380 nm) was also used, but asymmetric molecular weight distributions were obtained in some cases. High concentrations of high molecular weight PVA is known to form cryogels during freeze/thaw which has led to speculation this might limit the use of PVA in environments where the temperature cycles e.g. the construction industry. After 4 freeze/thaw cycles there was only small changes in observable IRI for all synthesised PVAs and two commercial standards. In an extended test, activity was retained after 100 freeze/thaw cycles, mitigating concerns that PVA could not be used in situations where freeze/thaw cycles occur. This work presents a convenient method to obtain well-defined PVAs for cryoscience studies compared to conventional thermal-RAFT and indicates that cryogelation concerns may not prevent their use. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is synthesised using blue light bismuth oxide photo-RAFT, to high conversion. The ice recrystallisation inhibition activity of these polymers was shown to be retained over 100 freeze/thaw cycles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas R. Congdon
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Cryologyx Ltd, 71-75 Shelton Street, London, WC2H 9JQ, UK
| | - Simon Bassett
- Synthomer (UK) Ltd, Central Road, Templefields, Harlow, Essex, CM20 2BH, UK
| | - Ben Mair
- Synthomer (UK) Ltd, Central Road, Templefields, Harlow, Essex, CM20 2BH, UK
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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38
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Abstract
Multivalent glycosylated materials (polymers, surfaces, and particles) often show high affinity toward carbohydrate binding proteins (e.g., lectins) due to the nonlinear enhancement from the cluster glycoside effect. This affinity gain has potential in applications from diagnostics, biosensors, and targeted delivery to anti-infectives and in an understanding of basic glycobiology. This perspective highlights the question of selectivity, which is less often addressed due to the reductionist nature of glycomaterials and the promiscuity of many lectins. The use of macromolecular features, including architecture, heterogeneous ligand display, and the installation of non-natural glycans, to address this challenge is discussed, and examples of selectivity gains are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Email for S.-J.R.:
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Email for M.I.G.:
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39
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Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages, bacteria-specific viruses) have biotechnological and therapeutic potential. To apply phages as pure or heterogeneous mixtures, it is essential to have a robust mechanism for transport and storage, with different phages having very different stability profiles across storage conditions. For many biologics, cryopreservation is employed for long-term storage and cryoprotectants are essential to mitigate cold-induced damage. Here, we report that poly(ethylene glycol) can be used to protect phages from cold damage, functioning at just 10 mg·mL-1 (∼1 wt %) and outperforms glycerol in many cases, which is a currently used cryoprotectant. Protection is afforded at both -20 and -80 °C, the two most common temperatures for frozen storage in laboratory settings. Crucially, the concentration of the polymer required leads to frozen solutions at -20 °C, unlike 50% glycerol (which results in liquid solutions). Post-thaw recoveries close to 100% plaque-forming units were achieved even after 2 weeks of storage with this method and kill assays against their bacterial host confirmed the lytic function of the phages. Initial experiments with other hydrophilic polymers also showed cryoprotection, but at this stage, the exact mechanism of this protection cannot be concluded but does show that water-soluble polymers offer an alternative tool for phage storage. Ice recrystallization inhibiting polymers (poly(vinyl alcohol)) were found to provide no additional protection, in contrast to their ability to protect proteins and microorganisms which are damaged by recrystallization. PEG's low cost, solubility, well-established low toxicity/immunogenicity, and that it is fit for human consumption at the concentrations used make it ideal to help translate new approaches for phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huba L. Marton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Kathryn M. Styles
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Peter Kilbride
- Asymptote,
Cytiva, Chivers Way, Cambridge CB24 9BZ, U.K.
| | - Antonia P. Sagona
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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40
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Kinney NL, Hasan M, Gibson MI, Ballesteros D, Whale TF. Why Does Pollen Nucleate Ice? Cryobiology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Murray A, Congdon T, Kilbride P, Gibson MI. Cryopreservation of Red Blood Cells Using A Polyampholyte With Me2so and Trehalose. Cryobiology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Baker AN, Richards SJ, Pandey S, Guy CS, Ahmad A, Hasan M, Biggs CI, Georgiou PG, Zwetsloot AJ, Straube A, Dedola S, Field RA, Anderson NR, Walker M, Grammatopoulos D, Gibson MI. Glycan-Based Flow-Through Device for the Detection of SARS-COV-2. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3696-3705. [PMID: 34634204 PMCID: PMC8525701 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, and future pandemics, require diagnostic tools to track disease spread and guide the isolation of (a)symptomatic individuals. Lateral-flow diagnostics (LFDs) are rapid and of lower cost than molecular (genetic) tests, with current LFDs using antibodies as their recognition units. Herein, we develop a prototype flow-through device (related, but distinct to LFDs), utilizing N-acetyl neuraminic acid-functionalized, polymer-coated, gold nanoparticles as the detection/capture unit for SARS-COV-2, by targeting the sialic acid-binding site of the spike protein. The prototype device can give rapid results, with higher viral loads being faster than lower viral loads. The prototype's effectiveness is demonstrated using spike protein, lentiviral models, and a panel of heat-inactivated primary patient nasal swabs. The device was also shown to retain detection capability toward recombinant spike proteins from several variants (mutants) of concern. This study provides the proof of principle that glyco-lateral-flow devices could be developed to be used in the tracking monitoring of infectious agents, to complement, or as alternatives to antibody-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarojini Pandey
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational
Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS
Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX,
U.K.
| | - Collette S. Guy
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick Medical School, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick Medical School, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Caroline I. Biggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | | | - Anne Straube
- Warwick Medical School, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Simone Dedola
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd., Norwich
Research Park, Norwich NR4 7GJ, U.K.
| | - Robert A. Field
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd., Norwich
Research Park, Norwich NR4 7GJ, U.K.
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of
Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN,
U.K.
| | - Neil R. Anderson
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational
Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS
Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX,
U.K.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Dimitris Grammatopoulos
- Warwick Medical School, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational
Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS
Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX,
U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick Medical School, University of
Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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43
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Velimirovic M, Pancaro A, Mildner R, Georgiou PG, Tirez K, Nelissen I, Johann C, Gibson MI, Vanhaecke F. Characterization of Gold Nanorods Conjugated with Synthetic Glycopolymers Using an Analytical Approach Based on spICP-SFMS and EAF4-MALS. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2720. [PMID: 34685161 PMCID: PMC8539460 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new comprehensive analytical approach based on single-particle inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (spICP-SFMS) and electrical asymmetric-flow field-flow-fractionation combined with multi-angle light scattering detection (EAF4-MALS) has been examined for the characterization of galactosamine-terminated poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide)-coated gold nanorods (GNRs) in two different degrees of polymerization (DP) by tuning the feed ratio (short: DP 35; long: DP 60). spICP-SFMS provided information on the particle number concentration, size and size distribution of the GNRs, and was found to be useful as an orthogonal method for fast characterization of GNRs. Glycoconjugated GNRs were separated and characterized via EAF4-MALS in terms of their size and charge and compared to the bare GNRs. In contrast to spICP-SFMS, EAF4-MALS was also able of providing an estimate of the thickness of the glycopolymer coating on the GNRs surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Velimirovic
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic & Mass Spectrometry–A&MS Research Group, Campus Sterre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (A.P.); (K.T.); (I.N.)
| | - Alessia Pancaro
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (A.P.); (K.T.); (I.N.)
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Robert Mildner
- Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Hochstrasse 12a, 56307 Dernbach, Germany; (R.M.); (C.J.)
| | - Panagiotis G. Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (P.G.G.); (M.I.G.)
| | - Kristof Tirez
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (A.P.); (K.T.); (I.N.)
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (A.P.); (K.T.); (I.N.)
| | - Christoph Johann
- Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Hochstrasse 12a, 56307 Dernbach, Germany; (R.M.); (C.J.)
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (P.G.G.); (M.I.G.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic & Mass Spectrometry–A&MS Research Group, Campus Sterre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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44
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Wright RJ, Bosch R, Langille MGI, Gibson MI, Christie-Oleza JA. Correction to: A multi-OMIC characterisation of biodegradation and microbial community succession within the PET plastisphere. Microbiome 2021; 9:155. [PMID: 34229759 PMCID: PMC8261964 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J Wright
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
| | - Rafael Bosch
- University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Morgan G I Langille
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Joseph A Christie-Oleza
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
- University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
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45
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Pancaro A, Szymonik M, Georgiou PG, Baker AN, Walker M, Adriaensens P, Hendrix J, Gibson MI, Nelissen I. The polymeric glyco-linker controls the signal outputs for plasmonic gold nanorod biosensors due to biocorona formation. Nanoscale 2021; 13:10837-10848. [PMID: 34114594 PMCID: PMC8223873 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01548f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (GNRs) are a promising platform for nanoplasmonic biosensing. The localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of GNRs is located in the near-infrared optical window and is sensitive to local binding events, enabling label-free detection of biomarkers in complex biological fluids. A key challenge in the development of such sensors is achieving target affinity and selectivity, while both minimizing non-specific binding and maintaining colloidal stability. Herein, we reveal how GNRs decorated with galactosamine-terminated polymer ligands display significantly different binding responses in buffer compared to serum, due to biocorona formation, and how biocorona displacement due to lectin binding plays a key role in their optical responses. GNRs were coated with either poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (PHPMA) or poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PHEA) prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerisation and end-functionalised with galactosamine (Gal) as the lectin-targeting unit. In buffer Gal-PHEA-coated GNRs aggregated upon soybean agglutinin (SBA) addition, whereas Gal-PHPMA-coated GNRs exhibited a red-shift of the LSPR spectrum without aggregation. In contrast, when incubated in serum Gal-PHPMA-coated nanorods showed no binding response, while Gal-PHEA GNRs exhibited a dose-dependent blue-shift of the LSPR peak, which is the opposite direction (red-shift) to what was observed in buffer. This differential behaviour was attributed to biocorona formation onto both polymer-coated GNRs, shown by differential centrifugal sedimentation and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Upon addition of SBA to the Gal-PHEA coated nanorods, signal was generated due to displacement of weakly-bound biocorona components by lectin binding. However, in the case of Gal-PHPMA which had a thicker corona, attributed to lower polymer grafting densities, addition of SBA did not lead to biocorona displacement and there was no signal output. These results show that plasmonic optical responses in complex biological media can be significantly affected by biocorona formation, and that biocorona formation itself does not prevent sensing so long as its exact nature (e.g. 'hard versus soft') is tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Pancaro
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, BE-2400, Belgium. and Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, Diepenbeek, BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Michal Szymonik
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, BE-2400, Belgium.
| | - Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Agoralaan D, Diepenbeek, BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Jelle Hendrix
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, Diepenbeek, BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, BE-2400, Belgium.
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46
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Wright RJ, Bosch R, Langille MGI, Gibson MI, Christie-Oleza JA. A multi-OMIC characterisation of biodegradation and microbial community succession within the PET plastisphere. Microbiome 2021; 9:141. [PMID: 34154652 PMCID: PMC8215760 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plastics now pollute marine environments across the globe. On entering these environments, plastics are rapidly colonised by a diverse community of microorganisms termed the plastisphere. Members of the plastisphere have a myriad of diverse functions typically found in any biofilm but, additionally, a number of marine plastisphere studies have claimed the presence of plastic-biodegrading organisms, although with little mechanistic verification. Here, we obtained a microbial community from marine plastic debris and analysed the community succession across 6 weeks of incubation with different polyethylene terephthalate (PET) products as the sole carbon source, and further characterised the mechanisms involved in PET degradation by two bacterial isolates from the plastisphere. RESULTS We found that all communities differed significantly from the inoculum and were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, i.e. Alteromonadaceae and Thalassospiraceae at early time points, Alcanivoraceae at later time points and Vibrionaceae throughout. The large number of encoded enzymes involved in PET degradation found in predicted metagenomes and the observation of polymer oxidation by FTIR analyses both suggested PET degradation was occurring. However, we were unable to detect intermediates of PET hydrolysis with metabolomic analyses, which may be attributed to their rapid depletion by the complex community. To further confirm the PET biodegrading potential within the plastisphere of marine plastic debris, we used a combined proteogenomic and metabolomic approach to characterise amorphous PET degradation by two novel marine isolates, Thioclava sp. BHET1 and Bacillus sp. BHET2. The identification of PET hydrolytic intermediates by metabolomics confirmed that both isolates were able to degrade PET. High-throughput proteomics revealed that whilst Thioclava sp. BHET1 used the degradation pathway identified in terrestrial environment counterparts, these were absent in Bacillus sp. BHET2, indicating that either the enzymes used by this bacterium share little homology with those characterised previously, or that this bacterium uses a novel pathway for PET degradation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results of our multi-OMIC characterisation of PET degradation provide a significant step forwards in our understanding of marine plastic degradation by bacterial isolates and communities and evidences the biodegrading potential extant in the plastisphere of marine plastic debris. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J. Wright
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Rafael Bosch
- University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Morgan G. I. Langille
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Joseph A. Christie-Oleza
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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47
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Murray A, Congdon TR, Tomás RMF, Kilbride P, Gibson MI. Red Blood Cell Cryopreservation with Minimal Post-Thaw Lysis Enabled by a Synergistic Combination of a Cryoprotecting Polyampholyte with DMSO/Trehalose. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:467-477. [PMID: 34097399 PMCID: PMC7612374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
From trauma wards
to chemotherapy, red blood cells are essential
in modern medicine. Current methods to bank red blood cells typically
use glycerol (40 wt %) as a cryoprotective agent. Although highly
effective, the deglycerolization process, post-thaw, is time-consuming
and results in some loss of red blood cells during the washing procedures.
Here, we demonstrate that a polyampholyte, a macromolecular cryoprotectant,
synergistically enhances ovine red blood cell cryopreservation in
a mixed cryoprotectant system. Screening of DMSO and trehalose mixtures
identified optimized conditions, where cytotoxicity was minimized
but cryoprotective benefit maximized. Supplementation with polyampholyte
allowed 97% post-thaw recovery (3% hemolysis), even under extremely
challenging slow-freezing and -thawing conditions. Post-thaw washing
of the cryoprotectants was tolerated by the cells, which is crucial
for any application, and the optimized mixture could be applied directly
to cells, causing no hemolysis after 1 h of exposure. The procedure
was also scaled to use blood bags, showing utility on a scale relevant
for application. Flow cytometry and adenosine triphosphate assays
confirmed the integrity of the blood cells post-thaw. Microscopy confirmed
intact red blood cells were recovered but with some shrinkage, suggesting
that optimization of post-thaw washing could further improve this
method. These results show that macromolecular cryoprotectants can
provide synergistic benefit, alongside small molecule cryoprotectants,
for the storage of essential cell types, as well as potential practical
benefits in terms of processing/handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Thomas R Congdon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Ruben M F Tomás
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | | | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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48
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Georgiou P, Marton HL, Baker AN, Congdon TR, Whale TF, Gibson MI. Polymer Self-Assembly Induced Enhancement of Ice Recrystallization Inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7449-7461. [PMID: 33944551 PMCID: PMC8154521 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ice binding proteins modulate ice nucleation/growth and have huge (bio)technological potential. There are few synthetic materials that reproduce their function, and rational design is challenging due to the outstanding questions about the mechanisms of ice binding, including whether ice binding is essential to reproduce all their macroscopic properties. Here we report that nanoparticles obtained by polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) inhibit ice recrystallization (IRI) despite their constituent polymers having no apparent activity. Poly(ethylene glycol), poly(dimethylacrylamide), and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) coronas were all IRI-active when assembled into nanoparticles. Different core-forming blocks were also screened, revealing the core chemistry had no effect. These observations show ice binding domains are not essential for macroscopic IRI activity and suggest that the size, and crowding, of polymers may increase the IRI activity of "non-active" polymers. It was also discovered that poly(vinylpyrrolidone) particles had ice crystal shaping activity, indicating this polymer can engage ice crystal surfaces, even though on its own it does not show any appreciable ice recrystallization inhibition. Larger (vesicle) nanoparticles are shown to have higher ice recrystallization inhibition activity compared to smaller (sphere) particles, whereas ice nucleation activity was not found for any material. This shows that assembly into larger structures can increase IRI activity and that increasing the "size" of an IRI does not always lead to ice nucleation. This nanoparticle approach offers a platform toward ice-controlling soft materials and insight into how IRI activity scales with molecular size of additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis
G. Georgiou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Huba L. Marton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Alexander N. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Thomas R. Congdon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Thomas F. Whale
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
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Bailey TL, Hernandez-Fernaud JR, Gibson MI. Proline pre-conditioning of cell monolayers increases post-thaw recovery and viability by distinct mechanisms to other osmolytes. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:982-993. [PMID: 34223163 PMCID: PMC8221256 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cryopreservation is an essential tool for drug toxicity/function screening and transporting cell-based therapies, and is essential in most areas of biotechnology. There is a challenge, however, associated with the cryopreservation of cells in monolayer format (attached to tissue culture substrates) which gives far lower cell yields (<20% typically) compared to suspension freezing. Here we investigate the mechanisms by which the protective osmolyte l-proline enhances cell-monolayer cryopreservation. Pre-incubating A549 cells with proline, prior to cryopreservation in monolayers, increased post-thaw cell yields two-fold, and the recovered cells grow faster compared to cells cryopreserved using DMSO alone. Further increases in yield were achieved by adding polymeric ice recrystallization inhibitors, which gave limited benefit in the absence of proline. Mechanistic studies demonstrated a biochemical, rather than biophysical (i.e. not affecting ice growth) mode of action. It was observed that incubating cells with proline (before freezing) transiently reduced the growth rate of the cells, which was not seen with other osmolytes (betaine and alanine). Removal of proline led to rapid growth recovery, suggesting that proline pre-conditions the cells for cold stress, but with no impact on downstream cell function. Whole cell proteomics did not reveal a single pathway or protein target but rather cells appeared to be primed for a stress response in multiple directions, which together prepare the cells for freezing. These results support the use of proline alongside standard conditions to improve post-thaw recovery of cell monolayers, which is currently considered impractical. It also demonstrates that a chemical biology approach to discovering small molecule biochemical modulators of cryopreservation may be possible, to be used alongside traditional (solvent) based cryoprotectants. Cell cryopreservation is an essential tool for transporting cell-based therapies, and is essential in most areas of biotechnology. Here proline pre-incubation prior to cell monolayer cryopreservation is explored, increasing post-thaw yields.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha L Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK .,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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50
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Stevens CA, Bachtiger F, Kong XD, Abriata LA, Sosso GC, Gibson MI, Klok HA. A minimalistic cyclic ice-binding peptide from phage display. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2675. [PMID: 33976148 PMCID: PMC8113477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing molecules that emulate the properties of naturally occurring ice-binding proteins (IBPs) is a daunting challenge. Rather than relying on the (limited) existing structure-property relationships that have been established for IBPs, here we report the use of phage display for the identification of short peptide mimics of IBPs. To this end, an ice-affinity selection protocol is developed, which enables the selection of a cyclic ice-binding peptide containing just 14 amino acids. Mutational analysis identifies three residues, Asp8, Thr10 and Thr14, which are found to be essential for ice binding. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the side chain of Thr10 hydrophobically binds to ice revealing a potential mechanism. To demonstrate the biotechnological potential of this peptide, it is expressed as a fusion ('Ice-Tag') with mCherry and used to purify proteins directly from cell lysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Stevens
- Laboratoire des Polymères, Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Bachtiger
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Xu-Dong Kong
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Proteins and Peptides, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano A Abriata
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility and Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele C Sosso
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Laboratoire des Polymères, Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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