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Caccamo A, Vega de Luna F, Misztak AE, Pyr Dit Ruys S, Vertommen D, Cardol P, Messens J, Remacle C. APX2 Is an Ascorbate Peroxidase-Related Protein that Regulates the Levels of Plastocyanin in Chlamydomonas. Plant Cell Physiol 2024:pcae019. [PMID: 38591346 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The function of ascorbate peroxidase-related (APX-R) proteins, present in all green photosynthetic eukaryotes, remains unclear. This study focuses on APX-R from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, namely, ascorbate peroxidase 2 (APX2). We showed that apx2 mutants exhibited a faster oxidation of the photosystem I primary electron donor, P700, upon sudden light increase and a slower re-reduction rate compared to the wild type, pointing to a limitation of plastocyanin. Spectroscopic, proteomic and immunoblot analyses confirmed that the phenotype was a result of lower levels of plastocyanin in the apx2 mutants. The redox state of P700 did not differ between wild type and apx2 mutants when the loss of function in plastocyanin was nutritionally complemented by growing apx2 mutants under copper deficiency. In this case, cytochrome c6 functionally replaces plastocyanin, confirming that lower levels of plastocyanin were the primary defect caused by the absence of APX2. Overall, the results presented here shed light on an unexpected regulation of plastocyanin level under copper-replete conditions, induced by APX2 in Chlamydomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caccamo
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems Research Unit, University of Liège, Chemin de la vallée 4, Liège 4000, Belgium
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Félix Vega de Luna
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems Research Unit, University of Liège, Chemin de la vallée 4, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Agnieszka E Misztak
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems Research Unit, University of Liège, Chemin de la vallée 4, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Pyr Dit Ruys
- de Duve Institute and MASSPROT platform, UCLouvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Didier Vertommen
- de Duve Institute and MASSPROT platform, UCLouvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems Research Unit, University of Liège, Chemin de la vallée 4, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Joris Messens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Claire Remacle
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems Research Unit, University of Liège, Chemin de la vallée 4, Liège 4000, Belgium
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Esteves SM, Jadoul A, Iacono F, Schloesser M, Bosman B, Carnol M, Druet T, Cardol P, Hanikenne M. Natural variation of nutrient homeostasis among laboratory and field strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:5198-5217. [PMID: 37235689 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Natural variation among individuals and populations exists in all species, playing key roles in response to environmental stress and adaptation. Micro- and macronutrients have a wide range of functions in photosynthetic organisms, and mineral nutrition thus plays a sizable role in biomass production. To maintain nutrient concentrations inside the cell within physiological limits and prevent the detrimental effects of deficiency or excess, complex homeostatic networks have evolved in photosynthetic cells. The microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) is a unicellular eukaryotic model for studying such mechanisms. In this work, 24 Chlamydomonas strains, comprising field isolates and laboratory strains, were examined for intraspecific differences in nutrient homeostasis. Growth and mineral content were quantified in mixotrophy, as full nutrition control, and compared with autotrophy and nine deficiency conditions for macronutrients (-Ca, -Mg, -N, -P, and -S) and micronutrients (-Cu, -Fe, -Mn, and -Zn). Growth differences among strains were relatively limited. However, similar growth was accompanied by highly divergent mineral accumulation among strains. The expression of nutrient status marker genes and photosynthesis were scored in pairs of contrasting field strains, revealing distinct transcriptional regulation and nutrient requirements. Leveraging this natural variation should enable a better understanding of nutrient homeostasis in Chlamydomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Esteves
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Alice Jadoul
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrizio Iacono
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Schloesser
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Bosman
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Monique Carnol
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Tom Druet
- Unit of Animal Genomics (GIGA), University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Belgium
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Gain G, Berne N, Feller T, Godaux D, Cenci U, Cardol P. Induction of photosynthesis under anoxic condition in Thalassiosira pseudonana and Euglena gracilis: interactions between fermentation and photosynthesis. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1186926. [PMID: 37560033 PMCID: PMC10407231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In their natural environment, microalgae can be transiently exposed to hypoxic or anoxic environments. Whereas fermentative pathways and their interactions with photosynthesis are relatively well characterized in the green alga model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, little information is available in other groups of photosynthetic micro-eukaryotes. In C. reinhardtii cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem (PS) I, and light-dependent oxygen-sensitive hydrogenase activity both contribute to restoring photosynthetic linear electron flow (LEF) in anoxic conditions. METHODS Here we analyzed photosynthetic electron transfer after incubation in dark anoxic conditions (up to 24 h) in two secondary microalgae: the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and the excavate Euglena gracilis. RESULTS Both species showed sustained abilities to prevent over-reduction of photosynthetic electron carriers and to restore LEF. A high and transient CEF around PSI was also observed specifically in anoxic conditions at light onset in both species. In contrast, at variance with C. reinhardtii, no sustained hydrogenase activity was detected in anoxic conditions in both species. DISCUSSION Altogether our results suggest that another fermentative pathway might contribute, along with CEF around PSI, to restore photosynthetic activity in anoxic conditions in E. gracilis and T. pseudonana. We discuss the possible implication of the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in T. pseudonana and the wax ester fermentation in E. gracilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Gain
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Berne
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tom Feller
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Damien Godaux
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ugo Cenci
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR8576 – UGSF, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Cardol
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
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Pang X, Nawrocki WJ, Cardol P, Zheng M, Jiang J, Fang Y, Yang W, Croce R, Tian L. Weak acids produced during anaerobic respiration suppress both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4207. [PMID: 37452043 PMCID: PMC10349137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While photosynthesis transforms sunlight energy into sugar, aerobic and anaerobic respiration (fermentation) catabolizes sugars to fuel cellular activities. These processes take place within one cell across several compartments, however it remains largely unexplored how they interact with one another. Here we report that the weak acids produced during fermentation down-regulate both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. This effect is mechanistically explained with an "ion trapping" model, in which the lipid bilayer selectively traps protons that effectively acidify subcellular compartments with smaller buffer capacities - such as the thylakoid lumen. Physiologically, we propose that under certain conditions, e.g., dim light at dawn, tuning down the photosynthetic light reaction could mitigate the pressure on its electron transport chains, while suppression of respiration could accelerate the net oxygen evolution, thus speeding up the recovery from hypoxia. Since we show that this effect is conserved across photosynthetic phyla, these results indicate that fermentation metabolites exert widespread feedback control over photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. This likely allows algae to better cope with changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Pang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Wojciech J Nawrocki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLab Amsterdam Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière chez les Microalgues, UMR7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, InBioS/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, B22, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mengyuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLab Amsterdam Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lijin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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Ebenezer TE, Low RS, O'Neill EC, Huang I, DeSimone A, Farrow SC, Field RA, Ginger ML, Guerrero SA, Hammond M, Hampl V, Horst G, Ishikawa T, Karnkowska A, Linton EW, Myler P, Nakazawa M, Cardol P, Sánchez-Thomas R, Saville BJ, Shah MR, Simpson AGB, Sur A, Suzuki K, Tyler KM, Zimba PV, Hall N, Field MC. Euglena International Network (EIN): Driving euglenoid biotechnology for the benefit of a challenged world. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059561. [PMID: 36412269 PMCID: PMC9836076 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Euglenoids (Euglenida) are unicellular flagellates possessing exceptionally wide geographical and ecological distribution. Euglenoids combine a biotechnological potential with a unique position in the eukaryotic tree of life. In large part these microbes owe this success to diverse genetics including secondary endosymbiosis and likely additional sources of genes. Multiple euglenoid species have translational applications and show great promise in production of biofuels, nutraceuticals, bioremediation, cancer treatments and more exotically as robotics design simulators. An absence of reference genomes currently limits these applications, including development of efficient tools for identification of critical factors in regulation, growth or optimization of metabolic pathways. The Euglena International Network (EIN) seeks to provide a forum to overcome these challenges. EIN has agreed specific goals, mobilized scientists, established a clear roadmap (Grand Challenges), connected academic and industry stakeholders and is currently formulating policy and partnership principles to propel these efforts in a coordinated and efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- ThankGod Echezona Ebenezer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ross S. Low
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | | | - Ishuo Huang
- Office of Regulatory Science, United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Antonio DeSimone
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Scott C. Farrow
- Discovery Biology, Noblegen Inc., Peterborough, Ontario K9L 1Z8, Canada
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Michael L. Ginger
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Sergio Adrián Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. CCT CONICET Santa Fe, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Michael Hammond
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Hampl
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Geoff Horst
- Kemin Industries, Research and Development, Plymouth, MI 48170, USA
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Anna Karnkowska
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Eric W. Linton
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Peter Myler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington, WA 98109, USA
| | - Masami Nakazawa
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Department of Life Sciences, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | | | - Barry J. Saville
- Forensic Science, Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Mahfuzur R. Shah
- Discovery Biology, Noblegen Inc., Peterborough, Ontario K9L 1Z8, Canada
| | - Alastair G. B. Simpson
- Department of Biology and Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Aakash Sur
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- R&D Company, Euglena Co., Ltd., 2F Yokohama Bio Industry Center (YBIC), 1-6 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kevin M. Tyler
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Center of Excellence for Bionanoscience Research, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul V. Zimba
- PVZimba, LLC, 12241 Percival St, Chester, VA 23831, USA
- Rice Rivers Center, VA Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Neil Hall
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, UK
| | - Mark C. Field
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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Perez Saura P, Chabi M, Corato A, Cardol P, Remacle C. Cell adaptation of the extremophilic red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria to the availability of carbon sources. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:978246. [PMID: 36186036 PMCID: PMC9520601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global energy demand and fossil fuels impact on climate can be partially managed by an increase in the use of biofuels for transports and industries. Biodiesel production is generally preceded by a transesterification process of the green biomass triacylglycerols that generates large amounts of glycerol as a by-product. In this study, the extremophilic red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria 074W was cultivated in heterotrophy. The microalgal growth parameters and biomass composition were compared when grown on an equivalent molar concentration of carbon of either glucose or glycerol as unique carbon source. The maximal biomass reached in these two conditions was not significantly different (∼2.5 g.L-1). Fatty acid profile, protein and storage carbohydrate contents were also statistically similar, irrespectively of the metabolized carbon source. We also observed that the pigment content of G. sulphuraria cells decreased during heterotrophic growth compared to photoautotrophic cultivated cells, and that this diminution was more important in the presence of glucose than glycerol: cells were yellowish in the presence of glucose and green in the presence of glycerol. The pigmentation was restored when glucose was totally consumed in the medium, suggesting that the presence of glucose repressed pigment synthesis. Based on this observation, a transcriptome analysis was performed in order to better understand the mechanisms involved in the loss of color mediated by darkness and by glucose in G. sulphuraria. Three conditions were analyzed: heterotrophy with glycerol or glucose and phototrophy. This allowed us to understand the transcriptional response of cells to light and dark environments both at the nuclear and chloroplast levels, and to show that transcription of gene families, acquired by horizontal gene transfer, such as sugar, amino acid, or acetate transporters, were involved in the response to the availability of different (in)organic sources.
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7
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Miranda-Astudillo H, Ostolga-Chavarría M, Cardol P, González-Halphen D. Beyond being an energy supplier, ATP synthase is a sculptor of mitochondrial cristae. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2022; 1863:148569. [PMID: 35577152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial F1FO-ATP synthase plays a key role in cellular bioenergetics; this enzyme is present in all eukaryotic linages except in amitochondriate organisms. Despite its ancestral origin, traceable to the alpha proteobacterial endosymbiotic event, the actual structural diversity of these complexes, due to large differences in their polypeptide composition, reflects an important evolutionary divergence between eukaryotic lineages. We discuss the effect of these structural differences on the oligomerization of the complex and the shape of mitochondrial cristae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Miranda-Astudillo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcos Ostolga-Chavarría
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pierre Cardol
- InBios/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Diego González-Halphen
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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8
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Gervasi A, Cardol P, Meyer PE. Automated Open-Hardware Multiwell Imaging Station for Microorganisms Observation. Micromachines 2022; 13:mi13060833. [PMID: 35744447 PMCID: PMC9227061 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bright field microscopes are particularly useful tools for biologists for cell and tissue observation, phenotyping, cell counting, and so on. Direct cell observation provides a wealth of information on cells’ nature and physiological condition. Microscopic analyses are, however, time-consuming and usually not easy to parallelize. We describe the fabrication of a stand-alone microscope able to automatically collect samples with 3D printed pumps, and capture images at up to 50× optical magnification with a digital camera at a good throughput (up to 24 different samples can be collected and scanned in less than 10 min). Furthermore, the proposed device can store and analyze pictures using computer vision algorithms running on a low power integrated single board computer. Our device can perform a large set of tasks, with minimal human intervention, that no single commercially available machine can perform. The proposed open-hardware device has a modular design and can be freely reproduced at a very competitive price with the use of widely documented and user-friendly components such as Arduino, Raspberry pi, and 3D printers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gervasi
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Patrick E. Meyer
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Lab, InBios/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (P.E.M.)
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9
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Thiriet-Rupert S, Gain G, Jadoul A, Vigneron A, Bosman B, Carnol M, Motte P, Cardol P, Nouet C, Hanikenne M. Long-term acclimation to cadmium exposure reveals extensive phenotypic plasticity in Chlamydomonas. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:1653-1678. [PMID: 34618070 PMCID: PMC8566208 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing industrial and anthropogenic activities are producing and releasing more and more pollutants in the environment. Among them, toxic metals are one of the major threats for human health and natural ecosystems. Because photosynthetic organisms play a critical role in primary productivity and pollution management, investigating their response to metal toxicity is of major interest. Here, the green microalga Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) was subjected to short (3 d) or chronic (6 months) exposure to 50 µM cadmium (Cd), and the recovery from chronic exposure was also examined. An extensive phenotypic characterization and transcriptomic analysis showed that the impact of Cd on biomass production of short-term (ST) exposed cells was almost entirely abolished by long-term (LT) acclimation. The underlying mechanisms were initiated at ST and further amplified after LT exposure resulting in a reversible equilibrium allowing biomass production similar to control condition. This included modification of cell wall-related gene expression and biofilm-like structure formation, dynamics of metal ion uptake and homeostasis, photosynthesis efficiency recovery and Cd acclimation through metal homeostasis adjustment. The contribution of the identified coordination of phosphorus and iron homeostasis (partly) mediated by the main phosphorus homeostasis regulator, Phosphate Starvation Response 1, and a basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factor (Cre05.g241636) was further investigated. The study reveals the highly dynamic physiological plasticity enabling algal cell growth in an extreme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Thiriet-Rupert
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Present address: Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, Département Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Gain
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Alice Jadoul
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Amandine Vigneron
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Bosman
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Monique Carnol
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Motte
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Nouet
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Author for communication:
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Gain G, Vega de Luna F, Cordoba J, Perez E, Degand H, Morsomme P, Thiry M, Baurain D, Pierangelini M, Cardol P. Trophic state alters the mechanism whereby energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration occurs in Euglena gracilis. New Phytol 2021; 232:1603-1617. [PMID: 34392544 PMCID: PMC9292222 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between mitochondrial respiration and photosynthesis plays an important role in the energetic physiology of green plants and some secondary-red photosynthetic eukaryotes (diatoms), allowing an efficient CO2 assimilation and optimal growth. Using the flagellate Euglena gracilis, we first tested if photosynthesis-respiration coupling occurs in this species harbouring secondary green plastids (i.e. originated from an endosymbiosis between a green alga and a phagotrophic euglenozoan). Second, we tested how the trophic state (mixotrophy and photoautotrophy) of the cell alters the mechanisms involved in the photosynthesis-respiration coupling. Energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration was determined by testing the effect of respiratory inhibitors on photosynthesis, and measuring the simultaneous variation of photosynthesis and respiration rates as a function of temperature (i.e. thermal response curves). The mechanism involved in the photosynthesis-respiration coupling was assessed by combining proteomics, biophysical and cytological analyses. Our work shows that there is photosynthesis-respiration coupling and membrane contacts between mitochondria and chloroplasts in E. gracilis. However, whereas in mixotrophy adjustment of the chloroplast ATP/NADPH ratio drives the interaction, in photoautotrophy the coupling is conditioned by CO2 limitation and photorespiration. This indicates that maintenance of photosynthesis-respiration coupling, through plastic metabolic responses, is key to E. gracilis functioning under changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Gain
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMSLaboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
| | - Félix Vega de Luna
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMSLaboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
| | - Javier Cordoba
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMSLaboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
| | - Emilie Perez
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMSLaboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
| | - Hervé Degand
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST)UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveB‐1348Belgium
| | - Pierre Morsomme
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST)UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveB‐1348Belgium
| | - Marc Thiry
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et TissulaireGiga‐NeurosciencesULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
| | - Denis Baurain
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMSEukaryotic PhylogenomicsULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
| | - Mattia Pierangelini
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMSLaboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMSLaboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
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11
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Cordoba J, Perez E, Van Vlierberghe M, Bertrand AR, Lupo V, Cardol P, Baurain D. De Novo Transcriptome Meta-Assembly of the Mixotrophic Freshwater Microalga Euglena gracilis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:842. [PMID: 34072576 PMCID: PMC8227486 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Euglena gracilis is a well-known photosynthetic microeukaryote considered as the product of a secondary endosymbiosis between a green alga and a phagotrophic unicellular belonging to the same eukaryotic phylum as the parasitic trypanosomatids. As its nuclear genome has proven difficult to sequence, reliable transcriptomes are important for functional studies. In this work, we assembled a new consensus transcriptome by combining sequencing reads from five independent studies. Based on a detailed comparison with two previously released transcriptomes, our consensus transcriptome appears to be the most complete so far. Remapping the reads on it allowed us to compare the expression of the transcripts across multiple culture conditions at once and to infer a functionally annotated network of co-expressed genes. Although the emergence of meaningful gene clusters indicates that some biological signal lies in gene expression levels, our analyses confirm that gene regulation in euglenozoans is not primarily controlled at the transcriptional level. Regarding the origin of E. gracilis, we observe a heavily mixed gene ancestry, as previously reported, and rule out sequence contamination as a possible explanation for these observations. Instead, they indicate that this complex alga has evolved through a convoluted process involving much more than two partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cordoba
- InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.C.); (E.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Emilie Perez
- InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.C.); (E.P.); (P.C.)
- InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Unit of Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, ULiège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.V.V.); (A.R.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Mick Van Vlierberghe
- InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Unit of Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, ULiège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.V.V.); (A.R.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Amandine R. Bertrand
- InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Unit of Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, ULiège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.V.V.); (A.R.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Valérian Lupo
- InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Unit of Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, ULiège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.V.V.); (A.R.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Pierre Cardol
- InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.C.); (E.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Denis Baurain
- InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Unit of Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, ULiège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.V.V.); (A.R.B.); (V.L.)
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Miranda-Astudillo HV, Yadav KNS, Boekema EJ, Cardol P. Correction to: Supramolecular associations between atypical oxidative phosphorylation complexes of Euglena gracilis. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:365. [PMID: 33978869 PMCID: PMC8496658 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H V Miranda-Astudillo
- InBios/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. .,Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - K N S Yadav
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - E J Boekema
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - P Cardol
- InBios/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Gervasi A, Cardol P, Meyer PE. Open-hardware wireless controller and 3D-printed pumps for efficient liquid manipulation. HardwareX 2021; 9:e00199. [PMID: 35601242 PMCID: PMC9121357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Many routines in biological experiments require the precise handling of liquid volumes in the range of microliters up to liters. In this paper, we describe a new wireless controller that is adapted to liquid manipulation tasks, in particular when combined with the proposed 3D-printed pumps. It can be built from widely available electronic components and managed with open-source software. The use of peristaltic pumps enables to move volumes from milliliters to liters with a relative error below 1% or a syringe pump capable of injecting volumes in the range of milliliters with microliter accuracy. The system is remotely controllable over WiFi and easily automated using the MQTT communication protocol. The programming of the microcontroller is performed on the Arduino IDE. The WiFi settings and the calibration value can be easily modified, stored and exported in the form of a JSON file to create a user friendly, plug and play and easily scalable device. Additional sensors or actuators can be added, allowing the system to adapt to various usages. Finally, in addition to its low manufacturing cost and its capability to fit a large variety of tasks involving liquid handling, our system has been specifically designed for research environments where adaptability and repeatability of experiments is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gervasi
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems, BotaBotLab, Institut de Botanique, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems, Institut de botanique, University of Liège, Belgium
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Patrick E. Meyer
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Lab, InBios/Phytosystems, Institut de botanique, University of Liège, Belgium
- Corresponding authors.
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Miranda-Astudillo HV, Yadav KNS, Boekema EJ, Cardol P. Supramolecular associations between atypical oxidative phosphorylation complexes of Euglena gracilis. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:351-363. [PMID: 33646522 PMCID: PMC8124061 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In vivo associations of respiratory complexes forming higher supramolecular structures are generally accepted nowadays. Supercomplexes (SC) built by complexes I, III and IV and the so-called respirasome (I/III2/IV) have been described in mitochondria from several model organisms (yeasts, mammals and green plants), but information is scarce in other lineages. Here we studied the supramolecular associations between the complexes I, III, IV and V from the secondary photosynthetic flagellate Euglena gracilis with an approach that involves the extraction with several mild detergents followed by native electrophoresis. Despite the presence of atypical subunit composition and additional structural domains described in Euglena complexes I, IV and V, canonical associations into III2/IV, III2/IV2 SCs and I/III2/IV respirasome were observed together with two oligomeric forms of the ATP synthase (V2 and V4). Among them, III2/IV SC could be observed by electron microscopy. The respirasome was further purified by two-step liquid chromatography and showed in-vitro oxygen consumption independent of the addition of external cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Miranda-Astudillo
- InBios/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - K N S Yadav
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - E J Boekema
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - P Cardol
- InBios/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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15
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Pierangelini M, Thiry M, Cardol P. Different levels of energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration do not determine the occurrence of adaptive responses of Symbiodiniaceae to global warming. New Phytol 2020; 228:855-868. [PMID: 32535971 PMCID: PMC7590187 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Disentangling the metabolic functioning of corals' endosymbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) is relevant to understanding the response of coral reefs to warming oceans. In this work, we first question whether there is an energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration in Symbiodiniaceae (Symbiodinium, Durusdinium and Effrenium), and second, how different levels of energetic coupling will affect their adaptive responses to global warming. Coupling between photosynthesis and respiration was established by determining the variation of metabolic rates during thermal response curves, and how inhibition of respiration affects photosynthesis. Adaptive (irreversible) responses were studied by exposing two Symbiodinium species with different levels of photosynthesis-respiration interaction to high temperature conditions (32°C) for 1 yr. We found that some Symbiodiniaceae have a high level of energetic coupling; that is, photosynthesis and respiration have the same temperature dependency, and photosynthesis is negatively affected when respiration is inhibited. Conversely, photosynthesis and respiration are not coupled in other species. In any case, prolonged exposure to high temperature caused adjustments in both photosynthesis and respiration, but these changes were fully reversible. We conclude that energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration exhibits wide variation amongst Symbiodiniaceae and does not determine the occurrence of adaptive responses in Symbiodiniaceae to temperature increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pierangelini
- Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesInBioS/PhytosystemsInstitut de BotaniqueUniversité de LiègeB22Liège4000Belgium
| | - Marc Thiry
- Unit of Cell BiologyGIGA‐NeurosciencesCHU Sart‐TilmanUniversity of LiègeLiègeB36, 4000Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesInBioS/PhytosystemsInstitut de BotaniqueUniversité de LiègeB22Liège4000Belgium
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16
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Vega de Luna F, Dang KV, Cardol M, Roberty S, Cardol P. Photosynthetic capacity of the endosymbiotic dinoflagellate Cladocopium sp. is preserved during digestion of its jellyfish host Mastigias papua by the anemone Entacmaea medusivora. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5561437. [PMID: 31504450 PMCID: PMC6757112 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sea anemone Entacmaea medusivora (Actiniaria, Anthozoa) commonly feeds on the golden jellyfish Mastigias papua (Rhizostomeae, Scyphozoa) which harbours an endosymbiotic dinoflagellate of the genus Cladocopium (Symbiodiniaceae). In this study, we monitored the photosynthetic activity of the endosymbiotic microalgae while their host jellyfish were ingested and digested by starved medusivorous anemones. By analyzing the photosynthetic yield of photosystem II, we observed that Cladocopium cells remain photosynthetically competent during the whole digestion process, thus confirming the exceptional resistance of Symbiodiniaceae to digestive enzymes. In the gastric cavity of E. medusivora, Cladocopium cells release oxygen, which could broadly stimulate the gastric microbiotic flora of the sea anemone. Ultimately, E. medusivora is not able to retain Cladocopium cells more than few days and physiologically-unaltered cells are therefore expelled in faecal pellets. The potential contribution of E. medusivora to maintain a reservoir of Cladocopium symbionts and its role in the life cycle of M. papua is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mila Cardol
- Inbios/Phytosystems, Université de Liège, Belgium
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17
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Nawrocki W, Bailleul B, Cardol P, Rappaport F, Wollman FA, Joliot P. Maximal cyclic electron flow rate is independent of PGRL1 in Chlamydomonas. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 2019; 1860:425-432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nawrocki WJ, Bailleul B, Picot D, Cardol P, Rappaport F, Wollman FA, Joliot P. The mechanism of cyclic electron flow. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2019; 1860:433-438. [PMID: 30827891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apart from the canonical light-driven linear electron flow (LEF) from water to CO2, numerous regulatory and alternative electron transfer pathways exist in chloroplasts. One of them is the cyclic electron flow around Photosystem I (CEF), contributing to photoprotection of both Photosystem I and II (PSI, PSII) and supplying extra ATP to fix atmospheric carbon. Nonetheless, CEF remains an enigma in the field of functional photosynthesis as we lack understanding of its pathway. Here, we address the discrepancies between functional and genetic/biochemical data in the literature and formulate novel hypotheses about the pathway and regulation of CEF based on recent structural and kinetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Nawrocki
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 4, Chemin de la Vallée, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - B Bailleul
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - D Picot
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7099 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - P Cardol
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 4, Chemin de la Vallée, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - F Rappaport
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - F-A Wollman
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - P Joliot
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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19
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Cenci U, Qiu H, Pillonel T, Cardol P, Remacle C, Colleoni C, Kadouche D, Chabi M, Greub G, Bhattacharya D, Ball SG. Host-pathogen biotic interactions shaped vitamin K metabolism in Archaeplastida. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15243. [PMID: 30323231 PMCID: PMC6189191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Menaquinone (vitamin K2) shuttles electrons between membrane-bound respiratory complexes under microaerophilic conditions. In photosynthetic eukaryotes and cyanobacteria, phylloquinone (vitamin K1) participates in photosystem I function. Here we elucidate the evolutionary history of vitamin K metabolism in algae and plants. We show that Chlamydiales intracellular pathogens made major genetic contributions to the synthesis of the naphthoyl ring core and the isoprenoid side-chain of these quinones. Production of the core in extremophilic red algae is under control of a menaquinone (Men) gene cluster consisting of 7 genes that putatively originated via lateral gene transfer (LGT) from a chlamydial donor to the plastid genome. In other green and red algae, functionally related nuclear genes also originated via LGT from a non-cyanobacterial, albeit unidentified source. In addition, we show that 3-4 of the 9 required steps for synthesis of the isoprenoid side chains are under control of genes of chlamydial origin. These results are discussed in the light of the hypoxic response experienced by the cyanobacterial endosymbiont when it gained access to the eukaryotic cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Cenci
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS-USTL, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment C9, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - H Qiu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - T Pillonel
- Center for Research on Intracellular Bacteria (CRIB), Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Cardol
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, InBioS/Phytosystems, B22 Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Remacle
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, InBioS/Phytosystems, B22 Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Colleoni
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS-USTL, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment C9, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - D Kadouche
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS-USTL, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment C9, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - M Chabi
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS-USTL, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment C9, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - G Greub
- Center for Research on Intracellular Bacteria (CRIB), Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - S G Ball
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS-USTL, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment C9, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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20
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Miranda-Astudillo HV, Yadav KNS, Colina-Tenorio L, Bouillenne F, Degand H, Morsomme P, Boekema EJ, Cardol P. The atypical subunit composition of respiratory complexes I and IV is associated with original extra structural domains in Euglena gracilis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9698. [PMID: 29946152 PMCID: PMC6018760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, electron transfer from NADH or succinate to oxygen by a series of large protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane (complexes I-IV) is coupled to the generation of an electrochemical proton gradient, the energy of which is utilized by complex V to generate ATP. In Euglena gracilis, a non-parasitic secondary green alga related to trypanosomes, these respiratory complexes totalize more than 40 Euglenozoa-specific subunits along with about 50 classical subunits described in other eukaryotes. In the present study the Euglena proton-pumping complexes I, III, and IV were purified from isolated mitochondria by a two-steps liquid chromatography approach. Their atypical subunit composition was further resolved and confirmed using a three-steps PAGE analysis coupled to mass spectrometry identification of peptides. The purified complexes were also observed by electron microscopy followed by single-particle analysis. Even if the overall structures of the three oxidases are similar to the structure of canonical enzymes (e.g. from mammals), additional atypical domains were observed in complexes I and IV: an extra domain located at the tip of the peripheral arm of complex I and a "helmet-like" domain on the top of the cytochrome c binding region in complex IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Miranda-Astudillo
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des microalgues, InBioS/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - K N S Yadav
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Colina-Tenorio
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - F Bouillenne
- InBioS/Center for Protein Engineering, Université de Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - H Degand
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - P Morsomme
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - E J Boekema
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Cardol
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des microalgues, InBioS/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, Liege, Belgium.
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Berne N, Fabryova T, Istaz B, Cardol P, Bailleul B. The peculiar NPQ regulation in the stramenopile Phaeomonas sp. challenges the xanthophyll cycle dogma. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2018; 1859:491-500. [PMID: 29625087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In changing light conditions, photosynthetic organisms develop different strategies to maintain a fine balance between light harvesting, photochemistry, and photoprotection. One of the most widespread photoprotective mechanisms consists in the dissipation of excess light energy in the form of heat in the photosystem II antenna, which participates to the Non Photochemical Quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence. It is tightly related to the reversible epoxidation of xanthophyll pigments, catalyzed by the two enzymes, the violaxanthin deepoxidase and the zeaxanthin epoxidase. In Phaeomonas sp. (Pinguiophyte, Stramenopiles), we show that the regulation of the heat dissipation process is different from that of the green lineage: the NPQ is strictly proportional to the amount of the xanthophyll pigment zeaxanthin and the xanthophyll cycle enzymes are differently regulated. The violaxanthin deepoxidase is already active in the dark, because of a low luminal pH, and the zeaxanthin epoxidase shows a maximal activity under moderate light conditions, being almost inactive in the dark and under high light. This light-dependency mirrors the one of NPQ: Phaeomonas sp. displays a large NPQ in the dark as well as under high light, which recovers under moderate light. Our results pinpoint zeaxanthin epoxidase activity as the prime regulator of NPQ in Phaeomonas sp. and therefore challenge the deepoxidase-regulated xanthophyll cycle dogma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Berne
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS/InBioS, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - T Fabryova
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS/InBioS, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - B Istaz
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS/InBioS, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - P Cardol
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS/InBioS, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - B Bailleul
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS/InBioS, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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22
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Miranda-Astudillo H, Colina-Tenorio L, Jiménez-Suárez A, Vázquez-Acevedo M, Salin B, Giraud MF, Remacle C, Cardol P, González-Halphen D. Oxidative phosphorylation supercomplexes and respirasome reconstitution of the colorless alga Polytomella sp. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2018. [PMID: 29540299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The proposal that the respiratory complexes can associate with each other in larger structures named supercomplexes (SC) is generally accepted. In the last decades most of the data about this association came from studies in yeasts, mammals and plants, and information is scarce in other lineages. Here we studied the supramolecular association of the F1FO-ATP synthase (complex V) and the respiratory complexes I, III and IV of the colorless alga Polytomella sp. with an approach that involves solubilization using mild detergents, n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM) or digitonin, followed by separation of native protein complexes by electrophoresis (BN-PAGE), after which we identified oligomeric forms of complex V (mainly V2 and V4) and different respiratory supercomplexes (I/IV6, I/III4, I/IV). In addition, purification/reconstitution of the supercomplexes by anion exchange chromatography was also performed. The data show that these complexes have the ability to strongly associate with each other and form DDM-stable macromolecular structures. The stable V4 ATPase oligomer was observed by electron-microscopy and the association of the respiratory complexes in the so-called "respirasome" was able to perform in-vitro oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Miranda-Astudillo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, InBioS/Phytosystems, University of Liège, Belgium.
| | - Lilia Colina-Tenorio
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Jiménez-Suárez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Miriam Vázquez-Acevedo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Bénédicte Salin
- CNRS, UMR5095, IBGC, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Campus Carreire, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-France Giraud
- CNRS, UMR5095, IBGC, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Campus Carreire, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Remacle
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, InBioS/Phytosystems, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, InBioS/Phytosystems, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Diego González-Halphen
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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Massoz S, Hanikenne M, Bailleul B, Coosemans N, Radoux M, Miranda-Astudillo H, Cardol P, Larosa V, Remacle C. In vivo chlorophyll fluorescence screening allows the isolation of a Chlamydomonas mutant defective for NDUFAF3, an assembly factor involved in mitochondrial complex I assembly. Plant J 2017; 92:584-595. [PMID: 28857403 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The qualitative screening method used to select complex I mutants in the microalga Chlamydomonas, based on reduced growth under heterotrophic conditions, is not suitable for high-throughput screening. In order to develop a fast screening method based on measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, we first demonstrated that complex I mutants displayed decreased photosystem II efficiency in the genetic background of a photosynthetic mutation leading to reduced formation of the electrochemical proton gradient in the chloroplast (pgrl1 mutation). In contrast, single mutants (complex I and pgrl1 mutants) could not be distinguished from the wild type by their photosystem II efficiency under the conditions tested. We next performed insertional mutagenesis on the pgrl1 mutant. Out of about 3000 hygromycin-resistant insertional transformants, 46 had decreased photosystem II efficiency and three were complex I mutants. One of the mutants was tagged and whole genome sequencing identified the resistance cassette in NDUFAF3, a homolog of the human NDUFAF3 gene, encoding for an assembly factor involved in complex I assembly. Complemented strains showed restored complex I activity and assembly. Overall, we describe here a screening method which is fast and particularly suited for the identification of Chlamydomonas complex I mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Massoz
- InBioS - Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
- InBioS - Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Bailleul
- InBioS - Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Nadine Coosemans
- InBioS - Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Michèle Radoux
- InBioS - Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Hector Miranda-Astudillo
- InBioS - Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- InBioS - Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Véronique Larosa
- InBioS - Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Claire Remacle
- InBioS - Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Chemin de la vallée, 4, 4000 Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
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Cardol P, Krieger-Liszkay A. From light capture to metabolic needs, oxygenic photosynthesis is an ever-expanding field of study in plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Physiol Plant 2017; 161:2-5. [PMID: 28547911 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cardol
- Department of Life Sciences, Service de Génétique et Physiologie des microalgues, InBioS-PhytoSystems, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Insitut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
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25
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Sánchez-Vásquez L, Vázquez-Acevedo M, de la Mora J, Vega-deLuna F, Cardol P, Remacle C, Dreyfus G, González-Halphen D. Near-neighbor interactions of the membrane-embedded subunits of the mitochondrial ATP synthase of a chlorophycean alga. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 2017; 1858:497-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Yadav KS, Miranda-Astudillo HV, Colina-Tenorio L, Bouillenne F, Degand H, Morsomme P, González-Halphen D, Boekema EJ, Cardol P. Atypical composition and structure of the mitochondrial dimeric ATP synthase from Euglena gracilis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 2017; 1858:267-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vázquez-Acevedo M, Vega-DeLuna F, Sánchez-Vásquez L, Colina-Tenorio L, Remacle C, Cardol P, Miranda-Astudillo H, Gonzalez-Halphen D. Near-Neighbor Relationships of the Atypical Subunits that Form the Peripheral Stalk of the Mitochondrial ATP Synthase in Chlorophycean Algae. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Emonds‐Alt B, Coosemans N, Gerards T, Remacle C, Cardol P. Isolation and characterization of mutants corresponding to the MENA, MENB, MENC and MENE enzymatic steps of 5'-monohydroxyphylloquinone biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant J 2017; 89:141-154. [PMID: 27612091 PMCID: PMC5299476 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phylloquinone (PhQ), or vitamin K1 , is an essential electron carrier (A1 ) in photosystem I (PSI). In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which is a model organism for the study of photosynthesis, a detailed characterization of the pathway is missing with only one mutant deficient for MEND having been analyzed. We took advantage of the fact that a double reduction of plastoquinone occurs in anoxia in the A1 site in the mend mutant, interrupting photosynthetic electron transfer, to isolate four new phylloquinone-deficient mutants impaired in MENA, MENB, MENC (PHYLLO) and MENE. Compared with the wild type and complemented strains for MENB and MENE, the four men mutants grow slowly in low light and are sensitive to high light. When grown in low light they show a reduced photosynthetic electron transfer due to a specific decrease of PSI. Upon exposure to high light for a few hours, PSI becomes almost completely inactive, which leads in turn to lack of phototrophic growth. Loss of PhQ also fully prevents reactivation of photosynthesis after dark anoxia acclimation. In silico analyses allowed us to propose a PhQ biosynthesis pathway in Chlamydomonas that involves 11 enzymatic steps from chorismate located in the chloroplast and in the peroxisome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Emonds‐Alt
- Department of Life Sciences, Genetics and Physiology of MicroalgaePhytoSYSTEMSInBiosUniversity of LiègeB–4000LiègeBelgium
| | - Nadine Coosemans
- Department of Life Sciences, Genetics and Physiology of MicroalgaePhytoSYSTEMSInBiosUniversity of LiègeB–4000LiègeBelgium
| | - Thomas Gerards
- Department of Life Sciences, BioenergeticsPhytoSYSTEMSInBiosUniversity of LiègeB–4000LiègeBelgium
| | - Claire Remacle
- Department of Life Sciences, Genetics and Physiology of MicroalgaePhytoSYSTEMSInBiosUniversity of LiègeB–4000LiègeBelgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Department of Life Sciences, Genetics and Physiology of MicroalgaePhytoSYSTEMSInBiosUniversity of LiègeB–4000LiègeBelgium
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29
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Polukhina I, Fristedt R, Dinc E, Cardol P, Croce R. Carbon Supply and Photoacclimation Cross Talk in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol 2016; 172:1494-1505. [PMID: 27637747 PMCID: PMC5100783 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms are exposed to drastic changes in light conditions, which can affect their photosynthetic efficiency and induce photodamage. To face these changes, they have developed a series of acclimation mechanisms. In this work, we have studied the acclimation strategies of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model green alga that can grow using various carbon sources and is thus an excellent system in which to study photosynthesis. Like other photosynthetic algae, it has evolved inducible mechanisms to adapt to conditions where carbon supply is limiting. We have analyzed how the carbon availability influences the composition and organization of the photosynthetic apparatus and the capacity of the cells to acclimate to different light conditions. Using electron microscopy, biochemical, and fluorescence measurements, we show that differences in CO2 availability not only have a strong effect on the induction of the carbon-concentrating mechanisms but also change the acclimation strategy of the cells to light. For example, while cells in limiting CO2 maintain a large antenna even in high light and switch on energy-dissipative mechanisms, cells in high CO2 reduce the amount of pigments per cell and the antenna size. Our results show the high plasticity of the photosynthetic apparatus of C. reinhardtii This alga is able to use various photoacclimation strategies, and the choice of which to activate strongly depends on the carbon availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Polukhina
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (I.P., R.F., E.D., R.C.); and
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium (P.C.)
| | - Rikard Fristedt
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (I.P., R.F., E.D., R.C.); and
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium (P.C.)
| | - Emine Dinc
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (I.P., R.F., E.D., R.C.); and
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium (P.C.)
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (I.P., R.F., E.D., R.C.); and
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium (P.C.)
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (I.P., R.F., E.D., R.C.); and
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium (P.C.)
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Colina-Tenorio L, Miranda-Astudillo H, Cano-Estrada A, Vázquez-Acevedo M, Cardol P, Remacle C, González-Halphen D. Subunit Asa1 spans all the peripheral stalk of the mitochondrial ATP synthase of the chlorophycean alga Polytomella sp. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 2016; 1857:359-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vázquez-Acevedo M, Vega-deLuna F, Sánchez-Vásquez L, Colina-Tenorio L, Remacle C, Cardol P, Miranda-Astudillo H, González-Halphen D. Dissecting the peripheral stalk of the mitochondrial ATP synthase of chlorophycean algae. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1857:1183-1190. [PMID: 26873638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Polytomella sp., a green and a colorless member of the chlorophycean lineage respectively, exhibit a highly-stable dimeric mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase (complex V), with a molecular mass of 1600 kDa. Polytomella, lacking both chloroplasts and a cell wall, has greatly facilitated the purification of the algal ATP-synthase. Each monomer of the enzyme has 17 polypeptides, eight of which are the conserved, main functional components, and nine polypeptides (Asa1 to Asa9) unique to chlorophycean algae. These atypical subunits form the two robust peripheral stalks observed in the highly-stable dimer of the algal ATP synthase in several electron-microscopy studies. The topological disposition of the components of the enzyme has been addressed with cross-linking experiments in the isolated complex; generation of subcomplexes by limited dissociation of complex V; detection of subunit-subunit interactions using recombinant subunits; in vitro reconstitution of subcomplexes; silencing of the expression of Asa subunits; and modeling of the overall structural features of the complex by EM image reconstruction. Here, we report that the amphipathic polymer Amphipol A8-35 partially dissociates the enzyme, giving rise to two discrete dimeric subcomplexes, whose compositions were characterized. An updated model for the topological disposition of the 17 polypeptides that constitute the algal enzyme is suggested. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Vázquez-Acevedo
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Félix Vega-deLuna
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Lorenzo Sánchez-Vásquez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Lilia Colina-Tenorio
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Claire Remacle
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Héctor Miranda-Astudillo
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Diego González-Halphen
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico.
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Godaux D, Bailleul B, Berne N, Cardol P. Induction of Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation in Anoxia Relies on Hydrogenase Activity and Proton-Gradient Regulation-Like1-Mediated Cyclic Electron Flow in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol 2015; 168:648-58. [PMID: 25931521 PMCID: PMC4453779 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The model green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is frequently subject to periods of dark and anoxia in its natural environment. Here, by resorting to mutants defective in the maturation of the chloroplastic oxygen-sensitive hydrogenases or in Proton-Gradient Regulation-Like1 (PGRL1)-dependent cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (PSI-CEF), we demonstrate the sequential contribution of these alternative electron flows (AEFs) in the reactivation of photosynthetic carbon fixation during a shift from dark anoxia to light. At light onset, hydrogenase activity sustains a linear electron flow from photosystem II, which is followed by a transient PSI-CEF in the wild type. By promoting ATP synthesis without net generation of photosynthetic reductants, the two AEF are critical for restoration of the capacity for carbon dioxide fixation in the light. Our data also suggest that the decrease in hydrogen evolution with time of illumination might be due to competition for reduced ferredoxins between ferredoxin-NADP(+) oxidoreductase and hydrogenases, rather than due to the sensitivity of hydrogenase activity to oxygen. Finally, the absence of the two alternative pathways in a double mutant pgrl1 hydrogenase maturation factor G-2 is detrimental for photosynthesis and growth and cannot be compensated by any other AEF or anoxic metabolic responses. This highlights the role of hydrogenase activity and PSI-CEF in the ecological success of microalgae in low-oxygen environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Godaux
- Department of Life Sciences, Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Bailleul
- Department of Life Sciences, Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Berne
- Department of Life Sciences, Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Department of Life Sciences, Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Massoz S, Larosa V, Horrion B, Matagne RF, Remacle C, Cardol P. Isolation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants with altered mitochondrial respiration by chlorophyll fluorescence measurement. J Biotechnol 2015; 215:27-34. [PMID: 26022424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model organism for studying energetic metabolism. Most mitochondrial respiratory-deficient mutants characterized to date have been isolated on the basis of their reduced ability to grow in heterotrophic conditions. Mitochondrial deficiencies are usually partly compensated by adjustment of photosynthetic activity and more particularly by transition to state 2. In this work, we explored the opportunity to select mutants impaired in respiration and/or altered in dark metabolism by measuring maximum photosynthetic efficiency by chlorophyll fluorescence analyses (FV/FM). Out of about 2900 hygromycin-resistant insertional mutants generated from wild type or from a mutant strain deficient in state transitions (stt7 strain), 22 were found to grow slowly in heterotrophic conditions and 8 of them also showed a lower FV/FM value. Several disrupted coding sequences were identified, including genes coding for three different subunits of respiratory-chain complex I (NUO9, NUOA9, NUOP4) or for isocitrate lyase (ICL1). Overall, the comparison of respiratory mutants obtained in wild-type or stt7 genetic backgrounds indicated that the FV/FM value can be used to isolate mutants severely impaired in dark metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Massoz
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Véronique Larosa
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bastien Horrion
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - René F Matagne
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Claire Remacle
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Clowez S, Godaux D, Cardol P, Wollman FA, Rappaport F. The involvement of hydrogen-producing and ATP-dependent NADPH-consuming pathways in setting the redox poise in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in anoxia. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8666-76. [PMID: 25691575 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.632588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic microalgae are exposed to changing environmental conditions. In particular, microbes found in ponds or soils often face hypoxia or even anoxia, and this severely impacts their physiology. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is one among such photosynthetic microorganisms recognized for its unusual wealth of fermentative pathways and the extensive remodeling of its metabolism upon the switch to anaerobic conditions. As regards the photosynthetic electron transfer, this remodeling encompasses a strong limitation of the electron flow downstream of photosystem I. Here, we further characterize the origin of this limitation. We show that it stems from the strong reducing pressure that builds up upon the onset of anoxia, and this pressure can be relieved either by the light-induced synthesis of ATP, which promotes the consumption of reducing equivalents, or by the progressive activation of the hydrogenase pathway, which provides an electron transfer pathway alternative to the CO2 fixation cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Clowez
- From the Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 Rue P et M Curie, 75005 Paris, France, and
| | - Damien Godaux
- the Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, Phytosystems, Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Botany, 27 Bld. du Rectorat, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- the Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, Phytosystems, Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Botany, 27 Bld. du Rectorat, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- From the Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 Rue P et M Curie, 75005 Paris, France, and
| | - Fabrice Rappaport
- From the Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 Rue P et M Curie, 75005 Paris, France, and
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Massoz S, Larosa V, Plancke C, Lapaille M, Bailleul B, Pirotte D, Radoux M, Leprince P, Coosemans N, Matagne RF, Remacle C, Cardol P. Inactivation of genes coding for mitochondrial Nd7 and Nd9 complex I subunits in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Impact of complex I loss on respiration and energetic metabolism. Mitochondrion 2014; 19 Pt B:365-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Roberty S, Bailleul B, Berne N, Franck F, Cardol P. PSI Mehler reaction is the main alternative photosynthetic electron pathway in Symbiodinium sp., symbiotic dinoflagellates of cnidarians. New Phytol 2014; 204:81-91. [PMID: 24975027 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have developed various photoprotective mechanisms to cope with exposure to high light intensities. In photosynthetic dinoflagellates that live in symbiosis with cnidarians, the nature and relative amplitude of these regulatory mechanisms are a matter of debate. In our study, the amplitude of photosynthetic alternative electron flows (AEF) to oxygen (chlororespiration, Mehler reaction), the mitochondrial respiration and the Photosystem I (PSI) cyclic electron flow were investigated in strains belonging to three clades (A1, B1 and F1) of Symbiodinium. Cultured Symbiodinium strains were maintained under identical environmental conditions, and measurements of oxygen evolution, fluorescence emission and absorption changes at specific wavelengths were used to evaluate PSI and PSII electron transfer rates (ETR). A light- and O2 -dependent ETR was observed in all strains. This electron transfer chain involves PSII and PSI and is insensitive to inhibitors of mitochondrial activity and carbon fixation. We demonstrate that in all strains, the Mehler reaction responsible for photoreduction of oxygen by the PSI under high light, is the main AEF at the onset and at the steady state of photosynthesis. This sustained photosynthetic AEF under high light intensities acts as a photoprotective mechanism and leads to an increase of the ATP/NADPH ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Roberty
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale et d'Ecotoxicologie, Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution, Université de Liège, 11 Allée du 6 Août, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 27 Bld du Rectorat, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Bailleul
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 27 Bld du Rectorat, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Berne
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 27 Bld du Rectorat, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Franck
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 27 Bld du Rectorat, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 27 Bld du Rectorat, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
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Plancke C, Vigeolas H, Höhner R, Roberty S, Emonds-Alt B, Larosa V, Willamme R, Duby F, Onga Dhali D, Thonart P, Hiligsmann S, Franck F, Eppe G, Cardol P, Hippler M, Remacle C. Lack of isocitrate lyase in Chlamydomonas leads to changes in carbon metabolism and in the response to oxidative stress under mixotrophic growth. Plant J 2014; 77:404-17. [PMID: 24286363 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Isocitrate lyase is a key enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle. This cycle plays an essential role in cell growth on acetate, and is important for gluconeogenesis as it bypasses the two oxidative steps of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in which CO₂ is evolved. In this paper, a null icl mutant of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is described. Our data show that isocitrate lyase is required for growth in darkness on acetate (heterotrophic conditions), as well as for efficient growth in the light when acetate is supplied (mixotrophic conditions). Under these latter conditions, reduced acetate assimilation and concomitant reduced respiration occur, and biomass composition analysis reveals an increase in total fatty acid content, including neutral lipids and free fatty acids. Quantitative proteomic analysis by ¹⁴N/¹⁵N labelling was performed, and more than 1600 proteins were identified. These analyses reveal a strong decrease in the amounts of enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis in parallel with a shift of the TCA cycle towards amino acid synthesis, accompanied by an increase in free amino acids. The decrease of the glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis, as well as the decrease in enzymes involved in β-oxidation of fatty acids in the icl mutant are probably major factors that contribute to remodelling of lipids in the icl mutant. These modifications are probably responsible for the elevation of the response to oxidative stress, with significantly augmented levels and activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, and increased resistance to paraquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Plancke
- Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Botany, B22, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
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Salinas T, Larosa V, Cardol P, Maréchal-Drouard L, Remacle C. Respiratory-deficient mutants of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas: a review. Biochimie 2013; 100:207-18. [PMID: 24139906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic manipulation of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is straightforward. Nuclear genes can be interrupted by insertional mutagenesis or targeted by RNA interference whereas random or site-directed mutagenesis allows the introduction of mutations in the mitochondrial genome. This, combined with a screen that easily allows discriminating respiratory-deficient mutants, makes Chlamydomonas a model system of choice to study mitochondria biology in photosynthetic organisms. Since the first description of Chlamydomonas respiratory-deficient mutants in 1977 by random mutagenesis, many other mutants affected in mitochondrial components have been characterized. These respiratory-deficient mutants increased our knowledge on function and assembly of the respiratory enzyme complexes. More recently some of these mutants allowed the study of mitochondrial gene expression processes poorly understood in Chlamydomonas. In this review, we update the data concerning the respiratory components with a special focus on the assembly factors identified on other organisms. In addition, we make an inventory of different mitochondrial respiratory mutants that are inactivated either on mitochondrial or nuclear genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalia Salinas
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR CNRS 2357, Associated with Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Larosa
- Génétique des Microorganismes, Département de Sciences de la Vie, Institut de Botanique, B22, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Génétique des Microorganismes, Département de Sciences de la Vie, Institut de Botanique, B22, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Maréchal-Drouard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR CNRS 2357, Associated with Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Claire Remacle
- Génétique des Microorganismes, Département de Sciences de la Vie, Institut de Botanique, B22, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Miranda-Astudillo H, Cano-Estrada A, Vázquez-Acevedo M, Colina-Tenorio L, Downie-Velasco A, Cardol P, Remacle C, Domínguez-Ramírez L, González-Halphen D. Interactions of subunits Asa2, Asa4 and Asa7 in the peripheral stalk of the mitochondrial ATP synthase of the chlorophycean alga Polytomella sp. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1837:1-13. [PMID: 23933283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial F1FO-ATP synthase of chlorophycean algae is a complex partially embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that is isolated as a highly stable dimer of 1600kDa. It comprises 17 polypeptides, nine of which (subunits Asa1 to 9) are not present in classical mitochondrial ATP synthases and appear to be exclusive of the chlorophycean lineage. In particular, subunits Asa2, Asa4 and Asa7 seem to constitute a section of the peripheral stalk of the enzyme. Here, we over-expressed and purified subunits Asa2, Asa4 and Asa7 and the corresponding amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal halves of Asa4 and Asa7 in order to explore their interactions in vitro, using immunochemical techniques, blue native electrophoresis and affinity chromatography. Asa4 and Asa7 interact strongly, mainly through their carboxy-terminal halves. Asa2 interacts with both Asa7 and Asa4, and also with subunit α in the F1 sector. The three Asa proteins form an Asa2/Asa4/Asa7 subcomplex. The entire Asa7 and the carboxy-terminal half of Asa4 seem to be instrumental in the interaction with Asa2. Based on these results and on computer-generated structural models of the three subunits, we propose a model for the Asa2/Asa4/Asa7 subcomplex and for its disposition in the peripheral stalk of the algal ATP synthase.
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40
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Ghysels B, Godaux D, Matagne RF, Cardol P, Franck F. Function of the chloroplast hydrogenase in the microalga Chlamydomonas: the role of hydrogenase and state transitions during photosynthetic activation in anaerobiosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64161. [PMID: 23717558 PMCID: PMC3662714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Like a majority of photosynthetic microorganisms, the green unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii may encounter O2 deprived conditions on a regular basis. In response to anaerobiosis or in a respiration defective context, the photosynthetic electron transport chain of Chlamydomonas is remodeled by a state transition process to a conformation that favours the photoproduction of ATP at the expense of reductant synthesis. In some unicellular green algae including Chlamydomonas, anoxia also triggers the induction of a chloroplast-located, oxygen sensitive hydrogenase, which accepts electrons from reduced ferredoxin to convert protons into molecular hydrogen. Although microalgal hydrogen evolution has received much interest for its biotechnological potential, its physiological role remains unclear. By using specific Chlamydomonas mutants, we demonstrate that the state transition ability and the hydrogenase function are both critical for induction of photosynthesis in anoxia. These two processes are thus important for survival of the cells when they are transiently placed in an anaerobic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Ghysels
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Plant Biology B22, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Damien Godaux
- Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Plant Biology B22, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - René F. Matagne
- Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Plant Biology B22, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Plant Biology B22, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Franck
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Plant Biology B22, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Allorent G, Tokutsu R, Roach T, Peers G, Cardol P, Girard-Bascou J, Seigneurin-Berny D, Petroutsos D, Kuntz M, Breyton C, Franck F, Wollman FA, Niyogi KK, Krieger-Liszkay A, Minagawa J, Finazzi G. A dual strategy to cope with high light in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Cell 2013; 25:545-57. [PMID: 23424243 PMCID: PMC3608777 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Absorption of light in excess of the capacity for photosynthetic electron transport is damaging to photosynthetic organisms. Several mechanisms exist to avoid photodamage, which are collectively referred to as nonphotochemical quenching. This term comprises at least two major processes. State transitions (qT) represent changes in the relative antenna sizes of photosystems II and I. High energy quenching (qE) is the increased thermal dissipation of light energy triggered by lumen acidification. To investigate the respective roles of qE and qT in photoprotection, a mutant (npq4 stt7-9) was generated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by crossing the state transition-deficient mutant (stt7-9) with a strain having a largely reduced qE capacity (npq4). The comparative phenotypic analysis of the wild type, single mutants, and double mutants reveals that both state transitions and qE are induced by high light. Moreover, the double mutant exhibits an increased photosensitivity with respect to the single mutants and the wild type. Therefore, we suggest that besides qE, state transitions also play a photoprotective role during high light acclimation of the cells, most likely by decreasing hydrogen peroxide production. These results are discussed in terms of the relative photoprotective benefit related to thermal dissipation of excess light and/or to the physical displacement of antennas from photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Allorent
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 444-8585 Okazaki, Japan
| | - Thomas Roach
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives Saclay, Institute of Biology and Technology-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8221, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Graham Peers
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1062
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Laboratoire de Génétique des Microorganismes Département des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Jacqueline Girard-Bascou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie Institut de Biologie Physico Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Daphné Seigneurin-Berny
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Dimitris Petroutsos
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Marcel Kuntz
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Breyton
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5075, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique/Université Grenoble 1, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Franck
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique, Département des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie Institut de Biologie Physico Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Krishna K. Niyogi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-3102
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives Saclay, Institute of Biology and Technology-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8221, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 444-8585 Okazaki, Japan
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Address correspondence to
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Cardol P, Forti G, Finazzi G. Regulation of electron transport in microalgae. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1807:912-8. [PMID: 21167125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Unicellular algae are characterized by an extreme flexibility with respect to their responses to environmental constraints. This flexibility probably explains why microalgae show a very high biomass yield, constitute one of the major contributors to primary productivity in the oceans and are considered a promising choice for biotechnological applications. Flexibility results from a combination of several factors including fast changes in the light-harvesting apparatus and a strong interaction between different metabolic processes (e.g. respiration and photosynthesis), which all take place within the same cell. Microalgae are also capable of modifying their photosynthetic electron flow capacity, by changing its maximum rate and/or by diverting photogenerated electrons towards different sinks depending on their growth status. In this review, we will focus on the occurrence and regulation of alternative electron flows in unicellular algae and compare data obtained in these systems with those available in vascular plants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Electron Transport in Chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cardol
- Laboratoire de Génétique des Microorganismes, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 27 bld du rectorat, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Bailleul B, Cardol P, Breyton C, Finazzi G. Electrochromism: a useful probe to study algal photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 2010; 106:179-89. [PMID: 20632109 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-010-9579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthesis, electron transfer along the photosynthetic chain results in a vectorial transfer of protons from the stroma to the lumenal space of the thylakoids. This promotes the generation of an electrochemical proton gradient (Δμ(H)(+)), which comprises a gradient of electric potential (ΔΨ) and of proton concentration (ΔpH). The Δμ(H)(+) has a central role in the photosynthetic process, providing the energy source for ATP synthesis. It is also involved in many regulatory mechanisms. The ΔpH modulates the rate of electron transfer and triggers deexcitation of excess energy within the light harvesting complexes. The ΔΨ is required for metabolite and protein transport across the membranes. Its presence also induces a shift in the absorption spectra of some photosynthetic pigments, resulting in the so-called ElectroChromic Shift (ECS). In this review, we discuss the characteristic features of the ECS, and illustrate possible applications for the study of photosynthetic processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bailleul
- UMR 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cardol
- Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, B22, University of Liège, 27 Boulevard du Rectorat, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Remacle C, Coosemans N, Jans F, Hanikenne M, Motte P, Cardol P. Knock-down of the COX3 and COX17 gene expression of cytochrome c oxidase in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Mol Biol 2010; 74:223-33. [PMID: 20700628 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The COX3 gene encodes a core subunit of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) whereas the COX17 gene encodes a chaperone delivering copper to the enzyme. Mutants of these two genes were isolated by RNA interference in the microalga Chlamydomonas. The COX3 mRNA was completely lacking in the cox3-RNAi mutant and no activity and assembly of complex IV were detected. The cox17-RNAi mutant presented a reduced level of COX17 mRNA, a reduced activity of the cytochrome c oxidase but no modification of its amount. The cox3-RNAi mutant had only 40% of the wild-type rate of dark respiration which was cyanide-insensitive. The mutant presented a 60% decrease of H(2)O(2) production in the dark compared to wild type, which probably accounts for a reduced electron leakage by respiratory complexes III and IV. In contrast, the cox17-RNAi mutant showed no modification of respiration and of H(2)O(2) production in the dark but a two to threefold increase of H(2)O(2) in the light compared to wild type and the cox3-RNAi mutant. The cox17-RNAi mutant was more sensitive to cadmium than the wild-type and cox3-RNAi strains. This suggested that besides its role in complex IV assembly, Cox17 could have additional functions in the cell such as metal detoxification or Reactive Oxygen Species protection or signaling. Concerning Cox3, its role in Chlamydomonas complex IV is similar to that of other eukaryotes although this subunit is encoded in the nuclear genome in the alga contrary to the situation found in all other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Remacle
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Botany, B22 University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
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Cano-Estrada A, Vázquez-Acevedo M, Villavicencio-Queijeiro A, Figueroa-Martínez F, Miranda-Astudillo H, Cordeiro Y, Mignaco JA, Foguel D, Cardol P, Lapaille M, Remacle C, Wilkens S, González-Halphen D. Subunit–subunit interactions and overall topology of the dimeric mitochondrial ATP synthase of Polytomella sp. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 2010; 1797:1439-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2009] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Mathy G, Cardol P, Dinant M, Blomme A, Gérin S, Cloes M, Ghysels B, DePauw E, Leprince P, Remacle C, Sluse-Goffart C, Franck F, Matagne RF, Sluse FE. Proteomic and Functional Characterization of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Mutant Lacking the Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase 1. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2825-38. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900866e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Mathy
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Cellular Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, and GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Cellular Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, and GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Monique Dinant
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Cellular Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, and GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Blomme
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Cellular Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, and GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Gérin
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Cellular Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, and GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Marie Cloes
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Cellular Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, and GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghysels
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Cellular Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, and GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Edwin DePauw
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Cellular Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, and GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre Leprince
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Cellular Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, and GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Claire Remacle
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Cellular Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, and GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Claudine Sluse-Goffart
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Cellular Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, and GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Franck
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Cellular Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, and GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - René F. Matagne
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Cellular Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, and GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Francis E. Sluse
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Cellular Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, and GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liege, Belgium
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Lapaille M, Escobar-Ramírez A, Degand H, Baurain D, Rodríguez-Salinas E, Coosemans N, Boutry M, Gonzalez-Halphen D, Remacle C, Cardol P. Atypical subunit composition of the chlorophycean mitochondrial F1FO-ATP synthase and role of Asa7 protein in stability and oligomycin resistance of the enzyme. Mol Biol Evol 2010; 27:1630-44. [PMID: 20156838 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msq049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In yeast, mammals, and land plants, mitochondrial F(1)F(O)-ATP synthase (complex V) is a remarkable enzymatic machinery that comprises about 15 conserved subunits. Peculiar among eukaryotes, complex V from Chlamydomonadales algae (order of chlorophycean class) has an atypical subunit composition of its peripheral stator and dimerization module, with nine subunits of unknown evolutionary origin (Asa subunits). In vitro, this enzyme exhibits an increased stability of its dimeric form, and in vivo, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells are insensitive to oligomycins, which are potent inhibitors of proton translocation through the F(O) moiety. In this work, we showed that the atypical features of the Chlamydomonadales complex V enzyme are shared by the other chlorophycean orders. By biochemical and in silico analyses, we detected several atypical Asa subunits in Scenedesmus obliquus (Sphaeropleales) and Chlorococcum ellipsoideum (Chlorococcales). In contrast, complex V has a canonical subunit composition in other classes of Chlorophytes (Trebouxiophyceae, Prasinophyceae, and Ulvophyceae) as well as in Streptophytes (land plants), and in Rhodophytes (red algae). Growth, respiration, and ATP levels in Chlorophyceae were also barely affected by oligomycin concentrations that affect representatives of the other classes of Chlorophytes. We finally studied the function of the Asa7 atypical subunit by using RNA interference in C. reinhardtii. Although the loss of Asa7 subunit has no impact on cell bioenergetics or mitochondrial structures, it destabilizes in vitro the enzyme dimeric form and renders growth, respiration, and ATP level sensitive to oligomycins. Altogether, our results suggest that the loss of canonical components of the complex V stator happened at the root of chlorophycean lineage and was accompanied by the recruitment of novel polypeptides. Such a massive modification of complex V stator features might have conferred novel properties, including the stabilization of the enzyme dimeric form and the shielding of the proton channel. In these respects, we discuss an evolutionary scenario for F(1)F(O)-ATP synthase in the whole green lineage (i.e., Chlorophyta and Streptophyta).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lapaille
- Genetics of Microorganisms, Department of Life Sciences, Université de Liège, Belgium
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Cardol P, De Paepe R, Franck F, Forti G, Finazzi G. The onset of NPQ and Deltamu(H)+ upon illumination of tobacco plants studied through the influence of mitochondrial electron transport. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1797:177-88. [PMID: 19836343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the development of photoprotective mechanisms (non-photochemical quenching, NPQ), the generation of the electrochemical proton gradient in the chloroplast and the capacity to assimilate CO(2) was studied in tobacco dark-adapted leaves at the onset of illumination with low light. These conditions induce the generation of a transient NPQ, which relaxes in the light in parallel with the activation of the Calvin cycle. Wild-type plants were compared with a CMSII mitochondrial mutant, which lacks the respiratory complex I and shows a delayed activation of photosynthesis. In the mutant, a slower onset of photosynthesis was mirrored by a decreased capacity to develop NPQ. This correlates with a reduced efficiency to reroute electrons at the PSI reducing side towards cyclic electron flow around PSI and/or other alternative acceptor pools, and with a smaller ability to generate a proton motive force in the light. Altogether, these data illustrate the tight relationship existing between the capacity to evacuate excess electrons accumulated in the intersystem carriers and the capacity to dissipate excess photons during a dark to light transition. These data also underline the essential role of respiration in modulating the photoprotective response in dark-adapted leaves, by poising the cellular redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cardol
- Laboratoire de Génétique des Microorganismes, Département des Sciences la Vie, 27, Bld du rectorat, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Barbieri MR, Larosa V, Cardol P, Remacle C, Hamel P. 31. Molecular Dissection of Mitochondrial Complex I Assembly In a Genetically Tractable Model System. Mitochondrion 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2008.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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