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González-Garrido JA, García-Sánchez JR, López-Victorio CJ, Escobar-Ramírez A, Olivares-Corichi IM. Cocoa: a functional food that decreases insulin resistance and oxidative damage in young adults with class II obesity. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:228-240. [PMID: 37009147 PMCID: PMC10042721 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.2.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Cocoa consumption is associated with health benefits due to its high content of polyphenols. However, the effects of short-term cocoa consumption remain unclear. We aimed to determine the effects generated by cocoa consumption (for 7 days) in young adults in normoweight and class II obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS Before-and-after study was carried out in normoweight (NW) (n = 15) and class II obesity (CIIO) (n = 15) young adults. The NW and CIIO participants consumed 25 and 39 g of cocoa, respectively, per day for 7 days. The effect of cocoa consumption was evaluated on the lipid profile, insulin resistance (IR), and inflammation. Oxidative damage was also examined by assessing the biomarkers of oxidative damage in plasma. In addition, recombinant human insulin was incubated with blood obtained from the participants, and the molecular damage to the hormone was analyzed. RESULTS Cocoa consumption resulted in decreased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in both groups (P = 0.04), while the total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were maintained at the recommended levels. Initially, IR was detected in the CIIO group (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] = 4.78 ± 0.4), which is associated with molecular damage to insulin. Interestingly, intervention with cocoa resulted in improved IR (HOMA = 3.14 ± 0.31) (P = 0.0018) as well as molecular damage to insulin. Finally, cocoa consumption significant decreased the arginase activity (P = 0.0249) in the CIIO group; this is a critical enzymatic activity in the inflammatory process associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS The short-term consumption of cocoa improves the lipid profile, exerts anti-inflammatory effects, and protects against oxidative damage. Results of this study indicate that cocoa consumption can potentially improve IR and restore a healthy redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Arnold González-Garrido
- Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), División Académica de Ciencias Básicas. Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa KM. 1 Colonia la Esmeralda, Tabasco, C.P. 86690, México
| | - José Rubén García-Sánchez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Estrés Oxidativo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, C.P. 11340 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carlos Javier López-Victorio
- Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), División Académica de Ciencias Básicas. Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa KM. 1 Colonia la Esmeralda, Tabasco, C.P. 86690, México
| | - Adelma Escobar-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), División Académica de Ciencias Básicas. Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa KM. 1 Colonia la Esmeralda, Tabasco, C.P. 86690, México
| | - Ivonne María Olivares-Corichi
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Estrés Oxidativo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, C.P. 11340 Ciudad de México, México
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Gil-Domínguez R, Trejo-Sánchez BE, López-Victorio CJ, Escobar-Ramírez A, González-Garrido JA. Prevalencia de obesidad posCovid-19 en jóvenes universitarios de Tabasco. Salud Publica Mex 2023; 65:102-103. [PMID: 36750068 DOI: 10.21149/14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
No disponible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gil-Domínguez
- División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. Cunduacán, Tabasco, México.
| | - Blanca E Trejo-Sánchez
- División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Laboratorio Clínico de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. Cunduacán, Tabasco, México.
| | - Carlos J López-Victorio
- División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. Cunduacán, Tabasco, México.
| | - Adelma Escobar-Ramírez
- División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. Cunduacán, Tabasco, México.
| | - José A González-Garrido
- División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. Cunduacán, Tabasco, México.
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De la Cruz-Cano E, Jiménez-González CDC, Díaz-Gandarilla JA, López-Victorio CJ, Escobar-Ramírez A, Uribe-López SA, Huerta-García E, Ayala-Sumuano JT, Morales-García V, Gútierrez-López L, González-Garrido JA. Comorbidities and laboratory parameters associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection severity in patients from the southeast of Mexico: a cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2022; 11:10. [PMID: 35464048 PMCID: PMC9005987 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.74023.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Among the risk factors associated with the severity of this disease is the presence of several metabolic disorders.
For this reason, the aim of this research was
to identify the comorbidities and laboratory parameters among COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), comparing the patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) with those who did not require IMV, in order to determine the clinical characteristics associated with the COVID-19 severity. Methods. We carried out a cross-sectional study among 152 patients who were admitted to the ICU from April 1
st to July 31
st, 2021, in whom the comorbidities and laboratory parameters associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection severity were identified. The data of these patients was grouped into two main groups: “patients who required IMV” and “patients who did not require IMV”. The nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test for continuous data and the
χ2 test for categorical data were used to compare the variables between both groups. Results. Of the
152 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the ICU, 66 required IMV and 86 did not require IMV. Regarding the comorbidities found in these patients, a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension and obesity was observed among patients who required IMV vs. those who did not require IMV (
p<0.05). Concerning laboratory parameters, only glucose, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly higher among patients who required IMV than in those who did not require IMV (
p<0.05). Conclusion. This study performed in a Mexican population indicates that comorbidities such as: T2DM, hypertension and obesity, as well as elevated levels of glucose, IL-6, LDH and CRP are associated with the COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo De la Cruz-Cano
- División Académica de Ciencias Básicas. CICTAT. Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular., Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Cunduacán,, Tabasco., 86690, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos., Secretaría de Salud, Hospital General de Comalcalco., Comalcalco., Tabasco, 86300, Mexico
| | - Cristina Del C Jiménez-González
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco. Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos., Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco., Comalcalco., Tabasco., 86650, Mexico
| | - José A Díaz-Gandarilla
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco. Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos., Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco., Comalcalco., Tabasco., 86650, Mexico
| | - Carlos J López-Victorio
- División Académica de Ciencias Básicas. CICTAT. Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular., Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Cunduacán,, Tabasco., 86690, Mexico
| | - Adelma Escobar-Ramírez
- División Académica de Ciencias Básicas. CICTAT. Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular., Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Cunduacán,, Tabasco., 86690, Mexico
| | - Sheila A Uribe-López
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez. Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular., Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, 86205, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Huerta-García
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez. Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular., Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, 86205, Mexico
| | | | - Vicente Morales-García
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco. Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos., Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco., Comalcalco., Tabasco., 86650, Mexico
| | - Liliana Gútierrez-López
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina., Instituto Politécnico Nacional., Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, 11340, Mexico
| | - José A González-Garrido
- División Académica de Ciencias Básicas. CICTAT. Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular., Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Cunduacán,, Tabasco., 86690, Mexico
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De la Cruz-Cano E, Jiménez-González CDC, López-Victorio CJ, Cadena-Sandoval D, Díaz-Gandarilla JA, Escobar-Ramírez A, González-Garrido JA. Niveles de procalcitonina y ferritina predicen la gravedad de Covid-19 en pacientes ingresados a la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Salud Publica Mex 2021; 63:583-584. [DOI: 10.21149/12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
No disponible
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Lapaille M, Escobar-Ramírez A, Degand H, Baurain D, Rodríguez-Salinas E, Coosemans N, Boutry M, Gonzalez-Halphen D, Remacle C, Cardol P. Atypical subunit composition of the chlorophycean mitochondrial F1FO-ATP synthase and role of Asa7 protein in stability and oligomycin resistance of the enzyme. Mol Biol Evol 2010; 27:1630-44. [PMID: 20156838 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msq049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In yeast, mammals, and land plants, mitochondrial F(1)F(O)-ATP synthase (complex V) is a remarkable enzymatic machinery that comprises about 15 conserved subunits. Peculiar among eukaryotes, complex V from Chlamydomonadales algae (order of chlorophycean class) has an atypical subunit composition of its peripheral stator and dimerization module, with nine subunits of unknown evolutionary origin (Asa subunits). In vitro, this enzyme exhibits an increased stability of its dimeric form, and in vivo, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells are insensitive to oligomycins, which are potent inhibitors of proton translocation through the F(O) moiety. In this work, we showed that the atypical features of the Chlamydomonadales complex V enzyme are shared by the other chlorophycean orders. By biochemical and in silico analyses, we detected several atypical Asa subunits in Scenedesmus obliquus (Sphaeropleales) and Chlorococcum ellipsoideum (Chlorococcales). In contrast, complex V has a canonical subunit composition in other classes of Chlorophytes (Trebouxiophyceae, Prasinophyceae, and Ulvophyceae) as well as in Streptophytes (land plants), and in Rhodophytes (red algae). Growth, respiration, and ATP levels in Chlorophyceae were also barely affected by oligomycin concentrations that affect representatives of the other classes of Chlorophytes. We finally studied the function of the Asa7 atypical subunit by using RNA interference in C. reinhardtii. Although the loss of Asa7 subunit has no impact on cell bioenergetics or mitochondrial structures, it destabilizes in vitro the enzyme dimeric form and renders growth, respiration, and ATP level sensitive to oligomycins. Altogether, our results suggest that the loss of canonical components of the complex V stator happened at the root of chlorophycean lineage and was accompanied by the recruitment of novel polypeptides. Such a massive modification of complex V stator features might have conferred novel properties, including the stabilization of the enzyme dimeric form and the shielding of the proton channel. In these respects, we discuss an evolutionary scenario for F(1)F(O)-ATP synthase in the whole green lineage (i.e., Chlorophyta and Streptophyta).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lapaille
- Genetics of Microorganisms, Department of Life Sciences, Université de Liège, Belgium
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Morales-Sainz L, Escobar-Ramírez A, Cruz-Torres V, Reyes-Prieto A, Vázquez-Acevedo M, Lara-Martínez R, Jiménez-García LF, González-Halphen D. The polypeptides COX2A and COX2B are essential components of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase of Toxoplasma gondii. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1777:202-10. [PMID: 18036550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 10/06/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two genes encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunits, Cox2a and Cox2b, are present in the nuclear genomes of apicomplexan parasites and show sequence similarity to corresponding genes in chlorophycean algae. We explored the presence of COX2A and COX2B subunits in the cytochrome c oxidase of Toxoplasma gondii. Antibodies were raised against a synthetic peptide containing a 14-residue fragment of the COX2A polypeptide and against a hexa-histidine-tagged recombinant COX2B protein. Two distinct immunochemical stainings localized the COX2A and COX2B proteins in the parasite's mitochondria. A mitochondria-enriched fraction exhibited cyanide-sensitive oxygen uptake in the presence of succinate. T. gondii mitochondria were solubilized and subjected to Blue Native Electrophoresis followed by second dimension electrophoresis. Selected protein spots from the 2D gels were subjected to mass spectrometry analysis and polypeptides of mitochondrial complexes III, IV and V were identified. Subunits COX2A and COX2B were detected immunochemically and found to co-migrate with complex IV; therefore, they are subunits of the parasite's cytochrome c oxidase. The apparent molecular mass of the T. gondii mature COX2A subunit differs from that of the chlorophycean alga Polytomella sp. The data suggest that during its biogenesis, the mitochondrial targeting sequence of the apicomplexan COX2A precursor protein may be processed differently than the one from its algal counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Morales-Sainz
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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