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Deng X, Huang IS, Williams K, Wainwright ML, Zimba PV, Mozzachiodi R. Role of serotonin in the lack of sensitization caused by prolonged food deprivation in Aplysia. Behav Brain Res 2024; 458:114736. [PMID: 37923220 PMCID: PMC10842817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Food deprivation may cause neurological dysfunctions including memory impairment. The mollusk Aplysia is a suitable animal model to study prolonged food deprivation-induced memory deficits because it can sustain up to 14 days of food deprivation (14DFD). Sensitization of defensive withdrawal reflexes has been used to illustrate the detrimental effects of 14DFD on memory formation. Under normal feeding conditions (i.e., two days food deprivation, 2DFD), aversive stimuli lead to serotonin (5-HT) release into the hemolymph and neuropil, which mediates sensitization and its cellular correlates including increased excitability of tail sensory neurons (TSNs). Recent studies found that 14DFD prevents both short-term and long-term sensitization, as well as short-term increased excitability of TSNs induced by in vitro aversive training. This study investigated the role of 5-HT in the absence of sensitization and TSN increased excitability under 14DFD. Because 5-HT is synthesized from tryptophan obtained through diet, and its exogeneous application alone induces sensitization and increases TSN excitability, we hypothesized that 1) 5-HT level may be reduced by 14DFD and 2) 5-HT may still induce sensitization and TSN increased excitability in 14DFD animals. Results revealed that 14DFD significantly decreased hemolymph 5-HT level, which may contribute to the lack of sensitization and its cellular correlates, while ganglia 5-HT level was not changed. 5-HT exogenous application induced sensitization in 14DFD Aplysia, albeit smaller than that in 2DFD animals, suggesting that this treatment can only induce partial sensitization in food deprived animals. Under 14DFD, 5-HT increased TSN excitability indistinguishable from that observed under 2DFD. Taken together, these findings characterize 5-HT metabolic deficiency under 14DFD, which may be compensated, at least in part, by 5-HT exogenous application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Deng
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Kourtlin Williams
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Marcy L Wainwright
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Riccardo Mozzachiodi
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
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Lefler FW, Barbosa M, Zimba PV, Smyth AR, Berthold DE, Laughinghouse HD. Spatiotemporal diversity and community structure of cyanobacteria and associated bacteria in the large shallow subtropical Lake Okeechobee (Florida, United States). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1219261. [PMID: 37711696 PMCID: PMC10499181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1219261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lake Okeechobee is a large eutrophic, shallow, subtropical lake in south Florida, United States. Due to decades of nutrient loading and phosphorus rich sediments, the lake is eutrophic and frequently experiences cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs). In the past, surveys of the phytoplankton community structure in the lake have been conducted by morphological studies, whereas molecular based studies have been seldom employed. With increased frequency of cyanoHABs in Lake Okeechobee (e.g., 2016 and 2018 Microcystis-dominated blooms), it is imperative to determine the diversity of cyanobacterial taxa that exist within the lake and the limnological parameters that drive bloom-forming genera. A spatiotemporal study of the lake was conducted over the course of 1 year to characterize the (cyano)bacterial community structure, using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, with coincident collection of limnological parameters (e.g., nutrients, water temperature, major ions), and cyanotoxins. The objectives of this study were to elucidate spatiotemporal trends of community structure, identify drivers of community structure, and examine cyanobacteria-bacterial relationships within the lake. Results indicated that cyanobacterial communities within the lake were significantly different between the wet and dry season, but not between periods of nitrogen limitation and co-nutrient limitation. Throughout the year, the lake was primarily dominated by the picocyanobacterium Cyanobium. The bloom-forming genera Cuspidothrix, Dolichospermum, Microcystis, and Raphidiopsis were highly abundant throughout the lake and had disparate nutrient requirements and niches within the lake. Anatoxin-a, microcystins, and nodularins were detected throughout the lake across both seasons. There were no correlated (cyano)bacteria shared between the common bloom-forming cyanobacteria Dolichospermum, Microcystis, and Raphidiopsis. This study is the first of its kind to use molecular based methods to assess the cyanobacterial community structure within the lake. These data greatly improve our understanding of the cyanobacterial community structure within the lake and the physiochemical parameters which may drive the bloom-forming taxa within Lake Okeechobee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest W. Lefler
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida—IFAS, Davie, FL, United States
| | - Maximiliano Barbosa
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida—IFAS, Davie, FL, United States
| | - Paul V. Zimba
- Rice Rivers Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Charles City, VA, United States
| | - Ashley R. Smyth
- Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida—IFAS, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - David E. Berthold
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida—IFAS, Davie, FL, United States
| | - H. Dail Laughinghouse
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida—IFAS, Davie, FL, United States
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Ebenezer TE, Low RS, O'Neill EC, Huang I, DeSimone A, Farrow SC, Field RA, Ginger ML, Guerrero SA, Hammond M, Hampl V, Horst G, Ishikawa T, Karnkowska A, Linton EW, Myler P, Nakazawa M, Cardol P, Sánchez-Thomas R, Saville BJ, Shah MR, Simpson AGB, Sur A, Suzuki K, Tyler KM, Zimba PV, Hall N, Field MC. Euglena International Network (EIN): Driving euglenoid biotechnology for the benefit of a challenged world. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059561. [PMID: 36412269 PMCID: PMC9836076 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Euglenoids (Euglenida) are unicellular flagellates possessing exceptionally wide geographical and ecological distribution. Euglenoids combine a biotechnological potential with a unique position in the eukaryotic tree of life. In large part these microbes owe this success to diverse genetics including secondary endosymbiosis and likely additional sources of genes. Multiple euglenoid species have translational applications and show great promise in production of biofuels, nutraceuticals, bioremediation, cancer treatments and more exotically as robotics design simulators. An absence of reference genomes currently limits these applications, including development of efficient tools for identification of critical factors in regulation, growth or optimization of metabolic pathways. The Euglena International Network (EIN) seeks to provide a forum to overcome these challenges. EIN has agreed specific goals, mobilized scientists, established a clear roadmap (Grand Challenges), connected academic and industry stakeholders and is currently formulating policy and partnership principles to propel these efforts in a coordinated and efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- ThankGod Echezona Ebenezer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ross S. Low
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | | | - Ishuo Huang
- Office of Regulatory Science, United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Antonio DeSimone
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Scott C. Farrow
- Discovery Biology, Noblegen Inc., Peterborough, Ontario K9L 1Z8, Canada
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Michael L. Ginger
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Sergio Adrián Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. CCT CONICET Santa Fe, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Michael Hammond
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Hampl
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Geoff Horst
- Kemin Industries, Research and Development, Plymouth, MI 48170, USA
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Anna Karnkowska
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Eric W. Linton
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Peter Myler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington, WA 98109, USA
| | - Masami Nakazawa
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Department of Life Sciences, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | | | - Barry J. Saville
- Forensic Science, Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Mahfuzur R. Shah
- Discovery Biology, Noblegen Inc., Peterborough, Ontario K9L 1Z8, Canada
| | - Alastair G. B. Simpson
- Department of Biology and Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Aakash Sur
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- R&D Company, Euglena Co., Ltd., 2F Yokohama Bio Industry Center (YBIC), 1-6 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kevin M. Tyler
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Center of Excellence for Bionanoscience Research, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul V. Zimba
- PVZimba, LLC, 12241 Percival St, Chester, VA 23831, USA
- Rice Rivers Center, VA Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Neil Hall
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, UK
| | - Mark C. Field
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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Martin LMA, Sheng J, Zimba PV, Zhu L, Fadare OO, Haley C, Wang M, Phillips TD, Conkle J, Xu W. Testing an Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Method for Magnetic Separation of Nanoplastics and Microplastics from Water. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12142348. [PMID: 35889573 PMCID: PMC9315505 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastic pollution is increasing worldwide and poses a threat to humans, animals, and ecological systems. High-throughput, reliable methods for the isolation and separation of NMPs from drinking water, wastewater, or environmental bodies of water are of interest. We investigated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with hydrophobic coatings to magnetize plastic particulate waste for removal. We produced and tested IONPs synthesized using air-free conditions and in atmospheric air, coated with several polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based hydrophobic coatings. Particles were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and zeta potential. The IONPs synthesized in air contained a higher percentage of the magnetic spinel phase and stronger magnetization. Binding and recovery of NMPs from both salt and freshwater samples was demonstrated. Specifically, we were able to remove 100% of particles in a range of sizes, from 2-5 mm, and nearly 90% of nanoplastic particles with a size range from 100 nm to 1000 nm using a simple 2-inch permanent NdFeB magnet. Magnetization of NMPs using IONPs is a viable method for separation from water samples for quantification, characterization, and purification and remediation of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisha M. A. Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
| | - Jian Sheng
- School of Engineering, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
| | - Paul V. Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
| | - Lin Zhu
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Oluniyi O. Fadare
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; (O.O.F.); (C.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Carol Haley
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; (O.O.F.); (C.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Meichen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.W.); (T.D.P.)
| | - Timothy D. Phillips
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.W.); (T.D.P.)
| | - Jeremy Conkle
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; (O.O.F.); (C.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +361-825-2676
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Huang IS, Pietrasiak N, Gobler CJ, Johansen JR, Burkholder JM, D'Antonio S, Zimba PV. Diversity of bioactive compound content across 71 genera of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial cyanobacteria. Harmful Algae 2021; 109:102116. [PMID: 34815023 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms have increased in frequency, distribution, and intensity due to climate change and anthropogenic nutrient input. The release of bioactive compounds accumulated in these blooms can affect the health of humans and the environment. The co-occurrence of bioactive metabolites is well-documented in bloom samples from marine and freshwater ecosystems, with fewer reports from unialgal isolates. Cyanobacteria also are important terrestrial ecosystem components, especially in drylands, but reports on bioactive molecules from terrestrial cyanobacteria are sparse. This study determined bioactive metabolite profiles for 71 genera of cyanobacteria from seven orders isolated from freshwater (12 genera), marine (15 genera), and terrestrial (44 genera) habitats originally. Cultures were harvested for bioactive metabolites when entering the late-exponential phase for all 157 strains, and 33 were sampled at both early and late exponential phases. Bioactive metabolites were analyzed using an ultra high performance/pressure liquid chromatography in-line with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Overall, 12 bioactive classes of the 28 identified were ubiquitous in all samples. On average, each freshwater genus produced ∼12 bioactive classes, whereas each marine genus contained > 4 bioactive classes, and each terrestrial genus contained ∼6 bioactive classes. While 10 of 12 freshwater genera produced at least 10 bioactive classes, only a single genus each from marine and terrestrial habitats had the same number of bioactive classed accumulated. Aeruginosin was found in 58 of 71 total genera, carmabin in 51 of 71 genera, and anabaenopeptin in 48 of 71 genera. Chemotaxonomic use of these secondary metabolites may help resolve higher-level genetic classification(s). An additional growth curve experiment showed that bioactive metabolites were produced at both early and late exponential growth phases. The bioactive metabolite accumulation pattern between early and late exponential phases differed by bioactive classes, genera, and habitats. This survey of 55 bioactive classes in cyanobacteria isolated from freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats (71 genera) provides as one of the first systematic bioactive metabolite profiles for cyanobacteria, which should be useful in environmental and drinking water management. Further, it offers novel insights about the toxin potential of selected terrestrial cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX 78412,USA; United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740,USA.
| | - Nicole Pietrasiak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Ave, Las Cruces, NM 88003,USA
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794,USA
| | - Jeffrey R Johansen
- Department of Biology, John Carroll University, 1 John Carroll Blvd, University Heights, OH 44118,USA; Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice 37005, Czechia,USA
| | - JoAnn M Burkholder
- Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695,USA
| | - Sue D'Antonio
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 1834 TX-71 W, Cedar Creek, TX 78612,USA
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX 78412,USA; PVZimba, Inc., 12241 Percival St, Chester, VA 23831, USA
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Chorazyczewski AM, Huang IS, Abdulla H, Mayali X, Zimba PV. The Influence of Bacteria on the Growth, Lipid Production, and Extracellular Metabolite Accumulation by Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae). J Phycol 2021; 57:931-940. [PMID: 33454979 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To examine the impact of heterotrophic bacteria on microalgal physiology, we co-cultured the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum with six bacterial strains to quantify bacteria-mediated differences in algal biomass, total intracellular lipids, and for a subset, extracellular metabolite accumulation. A Marinobacter isolate significantly increased algal cell concentrations, dry biomass, and lipid content compared to axenic algal cultures. Two other bacterial strains from the Bacteroidetes order, of the genera Algoriphagus and Muricauda, significantly lowered P. tricornutum biomass, leading to overall decreased lipid accumulation. These three bacterial co-cultures (one mutualistic, two competitive) were analyzed for extracellular metabolites via untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to compare against bacteria-free cultures. Over 80% of the extracellular metabolites differentially abundant in at least one treatment were in higher concentrations in the axenic cultures, in agreement with the hypothesis that the co-cultured bacteria incorporated algal-derived organic compounds for growth. Furthermore, the extracellular metabolite profiles of the two growth-inhibiting cultures were more similar to one another than the growth-promoting co-culture, linking metabolite patterns to ecological role. Our results show that algal-bacterial interactions can influence the accumulation of intracellular lipids and extracellular metabolites, and suggest that utilization and accumulation of compounds outside the cell play a role in regulating microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Chorazyczewski
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M-Corpus Christi University, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M-Corpus Christi University, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - Hussain Abdulla
- Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M-Corpus Christi University, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - Xavier Mayali
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California, 94550, USA
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M-Corpus Christi University, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
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Berthold DE, Lefler FW, Huang IS, Abdulla H, Zimba PV, Laughinghouse HD. Iningainema tapete sp. nov. (Scytonemataceae, Cyanobacteria) from greenhouses in central Florida (USA) produces two types of nodularin with biosynthetic potential for microcystin-LR and anabaenopeptin production. Harmful Algae 2021; 101:101969. [PMID: 33526185 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Iningainema is a recently described genus of heterocytous, false-branching cyanobacteria originally described from Australia. In this work, we present Iningainema tapete sp. nov., isolated from subaerial and terrestrial environments in central Florida (USA). In comparison to the sister species, our novel cyanobacterium produces nodularin-R (NOD-R) and a methylated isoform [MeAdda3] NOD previously not reported within this genus; in addition to possessing the biosynthetic gene clusters for microcystin and anabaenopeptins production. Nodularin accumulation by this cyanobacterium exceeded 500 µg g-1 dry weight in cultures grown in nitrogen-depleted media. Such elevated toxin concentrations are alarming as the cyanobacterium was isolated from a food production greenhouse and poses a potential risk for food products and for workforce exposure. Using morphology, 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, and 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) secondary structure, coupled with toxin detection and toxin gene presence, we provide evidence for the establishment of a novel toxic species of cyanobacteria, Iningainema tapete.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Berthold
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida / IFAS, Davie, FL 33314, United States
| | - Forrest W Lefler
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida / IFAS, Davie, FL 33314, United States
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, United States
| | - Hussain Abdulla
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, United States
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Department of Life Sciences and Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, United States
| | - H Dail Laughinghouse
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida / IFAS, Davie, FL 33314, United States.
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Karnjanapak C, Huang IS, Jaroensuk P, Bunyajetpong S, Zimba PV, Plumley FG. Rhodomonas PE545 fluorescence is increased by glycerol. ScienceAsia 2021. [DOI: 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2021.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Huang IS, Pinnell LJ, Turner JW, Abdulla H, Boyd L, Linton EW, Zimba PV. Preliminary Assessment of Microbial Community Structure of Wind-Tidal Flats in the Laguna Madre, Texas, USA. Biology (Basel) 2020; 9:E183. [PMID: 32707990 PMCID: PMC7464120 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aside from two samples collected nearly 50 years ago, little is known about the microbial composition of wind tidal flats in the hypersaline Laguna Madre, Texas. These mats account for ~42% of the lagoon's area. These microbial communities were sampled at four locations that historically had mats in the Laguna Madre, including Laguna Madre Field Station (LMFS), Nighthawk Bay (NH), and two locations in Kenedy Ranch (KRN and KRS). Amplicon sequencing of 16S genes determined the presence of 51 prokaryotic phyla dominated by Bacteroidota, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Desulfobacteria, Firmicutes, Halobacteria, and Proteobacteria. The microbial community structure of NH and KR is significantly different to LMFS, in which Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria were most abundant. Twenty-three cyanobacterial taxa were identified via genomic analysis, whereas 45 cyanobacterial taxa were identified using morphological analysis, containing large filamentous forms on the surface, and smaller, motile filamentous and coccoid forms in subsurface mat layers. Sample sites were dominated by species in Oscillatoriaceae (i.e., Lyngbya) and Coleofasciculaceae (i.e., Coleofasciculus). Most cyanobacterial sequences (~35%) could not be assigned to any established taxa at the family/genus level, given the limited knowledge of hypersaline cyanobacteria. A total of 73 cyanobacterial bioactive metabolites were identified using ultra performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap MS analysis from these commu nities. Laguna Madre seems unique compared to other sabkhas in terms of its microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Lee J. Pinnell
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; (L.J.P.); (J.W.T.)
- A. Watson Armour III Center for Animal Health and Welfare, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Turner
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; (L.J.P.); (J.W.T.)
| | - Hussain Abdulla
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
| | - Lauren Boyd
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (L.B.); (E.W.L.)
| | - Eric W. Linton
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (L.B.); (E.W.L.)
| | - Paul V. Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
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10
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Shalygin S, Huang IS, Allen EH, Burkholder JM, Zimba PV. Odorella benthonica gen. & sp. nov. (Pleurocapsales, Cyanobacteria): an odor and prolific toxin producer isolated from a California aqueduct. J Phycol 2019; 55:509-520. [PMID: 30637743 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pleurocapsales are one of the least understood groups of cyanobacteria in terms of molecular systematics and biochemistry. Considering the high number of cryptic taxa within the Synechococcales and Oscillatoriales, it is likely that such taxa also occur in the Pleurocapsales. The new genus described in our research is the first known pleurocapsalean cryptic taxon. It produces off-flavor and a large number of bioactive metabolites (n = 38) some of which can be toxic including four known microcystins. Using a polyphasic approach, we propose the establishment of the genus Odorella with the new species O. benthonica from material originally isolated from the California Aqueduct near Los Angeles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Shalygin
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - Elle H Allen
- Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology, North Carolina State University, 620 Hutton Street Suite 104, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606, USA
| | - JoAnn M Burkholder
- Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology, North Carolina State University, 620 Hutton Street Suite 104, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606, USA
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
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11
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Huang IS, Zimba PV. Cyanobacterial bioactive metabolites-A review of their chemistry and biology. Harmful Algae 2019; 86:139-209. [PMID: 31358273 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms occur when algal densities exceed baseline population concentrations. Cyanobacteria can produce a large number of secondary metabolites. Odorous metabolites affect the smell and flavor of aquatic animals, whereas bioactive metabolites cause a range of lethal and sub-lethal effects in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, including humans. Herein, the bioactivity, chemistry, origin, and biosynthesis of these cyanobacterial secondary metabolites were reviewed. With recent revision of cyanobacterial taxonomy by Anagnostidis and Komárek as part of the Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa volumes 19(1-3), names of many cyanobacteria that produce bioactive compounds have changed, thereby confusing readers. The original and new nomenclature are included in this review to clarify the origins of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Due to structural similarity, the 157 known bioactive classes produced by cyanobacteria have been condensed to 55 classes. This review will provide a basis for more formal procedures to adopt a logical naming system. This review is needed for efficient management of water resources to understand, identify, and manage cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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12
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Huang IS, Zimba PV. Cyanobacterial bioactive metabolites-A review of their chemistry and biology. Harmful Algae 2019; 83:42-94. [PMID: 31097255 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms occur when algal densities exceed baseline population concentrations. Cyanobacteria can produce a large number of secondary metabolites. Odorous metabolites affect the smell and flavor of aquatic animals, whereas bioactive metabolites cause a range of lethal and sub-lethal effects in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, including humans. Herein, the bioactivity, chemistry, origin, and biosynthesis of these cyanobacterial secondary metabolites were reviewed. With recent revision of cyanobacterial taxonomy by Anagnostidis and Komárek as part of the Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa volumes 19(1-3), names of many cyanobacteria that produce bioactive compounds have changed, thereby confusing readers. The original and new nomenclature are included in this review to clarify the origins of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Due to structural similarity, the 157 known bioactive classes produced by cyanobacteria have been condensed to 55 classes. This review will provide a basis for more formal procedures to adopt a logical naming system. This review is needed for efficient management of water resources to understand, identify, and manage cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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13
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He H, Bertin MJ, Wu S, Wahome PG, Beauchesne KR, Youngs RO, Zimba PV, Moeller PDR, Sauri J, Carter GT. Cyanobufalins: Cardioactive Toxins from Cyanobacterial Blooms. J Nat Prod 2018; 81:2576-2581. [PMID: 30369239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobufalins A-C (1-3), a new series of cardiotoxic steroids, have been discovered from cyanobacterial blooms in Buckeye Lake and Grand Lake St. Marys in Ohio. Compounds 1-3 contain distinctive structural features, including geminal methyl groups at C-4, a 7,8 double bond, and a C-16 chlorine substituent that distinguish them from plant- or animal-derived congeners. Despite these structural differences, the compounds are qualitatively identical to bufalin in their cytotoxic profiles versus cell lines in tissue culture and cardiac activity, as demonstrated in an impedance-based cellular assay conducted with IPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Cyanobufalins are nonselectively toxic to human cells in the single-digit nanomolar range and show stimulation of contractility in cardiomyocytes at sub-nanomolar concentrations. The estimated combined concentration of 1-3 in the environment is in the same nanomolar range, and consequently more precise quantitative analyses are recommended along with more detailed cardiotoxicity studies. This is the first time that cardioactive steroid toxins have been found associated with microorganisms in an aquatic environment. Several factors point to a microbial biosynthetic origin for the cyanobufalins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyin He
- Biosortia Pharmaceuticals , Hollings Marine Laboratory , 331 Ft. Johnson Road , Charleston , South Carolina 29412 , United States
| | - Matthew J Bertin
- Biosortia Pharmaceuticals , Hollings Marine Laboratory , 331 Ft. Johnson Road , Charleston , South Carolina 29412 , United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Rhode Island , Kingston , Rhode Island 02881 , United States
| | - ShiBiao Wu
- Biosortia Pharmaceuticals , Hollings Marine Laboratory , 331 Ft. Johnson Road , Charleston , South Carolina 29412 , United States
| | - Paul G Wahome
- Biosortia Pharmaceuticals , Hollings Marine Laboratory , 331 Ft. Johnson Road , Charleston , South Carolina 29412 , United States
| | - Kevin R Beauchesne
- Biosortia Pharmaceuticals , Hollings Marine Laboratory , 331 Ft. Johnson Road , Charleston , South Carolina 29412 , United States
| | - Ross O Youngs
- Biosortia Pharmaceuticals , Hollings Marine Laboratory , 331 Ft. Johnson Road , Charleston , South Carolina 29412 , United States
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies , Texas A & M University Corpus Christi , 6300 Ocean Drive , Corpus Christi , Texas 78412 , United States
| | - Peter D R Moeller
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Hollings Marine Laboratory , 331 Ft. Johnson Road , Charleston , South Carolina 29412 , United States
| | - Josep Sauri
- Structure Elucidation, Analytical Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 126 E. Lincoln Avenue , Rahway , New Jersey 07735 , United States
| | - Guy T Carter
- Biosortia Pharmaceuticals , Hollings Marine Laboratory , 331 Ft. Johnson Road , Charleston , South Carolina 29412 , United States
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14
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Via CW, Glukhov E, Costa S, Zimba PV, Moeller PDR, Gerwick WH, Bertin MJ. The Metabolome of a Cyanobacterial Bloom Visualized by MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking Reveals New Neurotoxic Smenamide Analogs (C, D, and E). Front Chem 2018; 6:316. [PMID: 30094232 PMCID: PMC6071517 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the cyanobacterial genus Trichodesmium are well known for their substantial impact on nitrogen influx in ocean ecosystems and the enormous surface blooms they form in tropical and subtropical locations. However, the secondary metabolite composition of these complex environmental bloom events is not well known, nor the possibility of the production of potent toxins that have been observed in other bloom-forming marine and freshwater cyanobacteria species. In the present work, we aimed to characterize the metabolome of a Trichodesmium bloom utilizing MS/MS-based molecular networking. Furthermore, we integrated cytotoxicity assays in order to identify and ultimately isolate potential cyanotoxins from the bloom. These efforts led to the isolation and identification of several members of the smenamide family, including three new smenamide analogs (1-3) as well as the previously reported smenothiazole A-hybrid polyketide-peptide compounds. Two of these new smenamides possessed cytotoxicity to neuro-2A cells (1 and 3) and their presence elicits further questions as to their potential ecological roles. HPLC profiling and molecular networking of chromatography fractions from the bloom revealed an elaborate secondary metabolome, generating hypotheses with respect to the environmental role of these metabolites and the consistency of this chemical composition across genera, space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. Via
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Evgenia Glukhov
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Samuel Costa
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Paul V. Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies and Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
| | - Peter D. R. Moeller
- Emerging Toxins Program, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Ocean Service/NOAA, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Matthew J. Bertin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
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15
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Chia MA, Jankowiak JG, Kramer BJ, Goleski JA, Huang IS, Zimba PV, do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira M, Gobler CJ. Succession and toxicity of Microcystis and Anabaena (Dolichospermum) blooms are controlled by nutrient-dependent allelopathic interactions. Harmful Algae 2018; 74:67-77. [PMID: 29724344 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis and Anabaena (Dolichospermum) are among the most toxic cyanobacterial genera and often succeed each other during harmful algal blooms. The role allelopathy plays in the succession of these genera is not fully understood. The allelopathic interactions of six strains of Microcystis and Anabaena under different nutrient conditions in co-culture and in culture-filtrate experiments were investigated. Microcystis strains significantly reduced the growth of Anabaena strains in mixed cultures with direct cell-to-cell contact and high nutrient levels. Cell-free filtrate from Microcystis cultures proved equally potent in suppressing the growth of nutrient replete Anabaena cultures while also significantly reducing anatoxin-a production. Allelopathic interactions between Microcystis and Anabaena were, however, partly dependent on ambient nutrient levels. Anabaena dominated under low N conditions and Microcystis dominated under nutrient replete and low P during which allelochemicals caused the complete suppression of nitrogen fixation by Anabaena and stimulated glutathione S-transferase activity. The microcystin content of Microcystis was lowered with decreasing N and the presence of Anabaena decreased it further under low P and high nutrient conditions. Collectively, these results indicate that strong allelopathic interactions between Microcystis and Anabaena are closely intertwined with the availability of nutrients and that allelopathy may contribute to the succession, nitrogen availability, and toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias A Chia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, Postal code: 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States
| | - Jennifer G Jankowiak
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States
| | - Benjamin J Kramer
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States
| | - Jennifer A Goleski
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies (CCS), Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 United States
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies (CCS), Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 United States
| | - Maria do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, Postal code: 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States.
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16
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Belisle RS, Via CW, Schock TB, Villareal TA, Zimba PV, Beauchesne KR, Moeller PDR, Bertin MJ. Trichothiazole A, a dichlorinated polyketide containing an embedded thiazole isolated from Trichodesmium blooms. Tetrahedron Lett 2017; 58:4066-4068. [PMID: 32189813 PMCID: PMC7079771 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-guided isolation of the lipophilic extract of Trichodesmium bloom material led to the isolation and structure characterization of a new thiazole-containing di-chlorinated polyketide (1). The structure of 1 was deduced using 1D and 2D NMR analysis, high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis and complementary spectroscopic procedures. Trichothiazole A possesses interesting structural features, such as a terminal alkyne, two vinyl chlorides and a 2,4-disubstituted thiazole. Trichothiazole A showed moderate cytotoxicity to Neuro-2A cells (EC50: 13.3 ± 1.1 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Belisle
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Christopher W. Via
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Tracey B. Schock
- National Institutes of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, United States
| | - Tracy A. Villareal
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, United States
| | - Paul V. Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies and Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M, Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, United States
| | - Kevin R. Beauchesne
- Emerging Toxins Program, National Ocean Service/NOAA, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, United States
| | - Peter D. R. Moeller
- Emerging Toxins Program, National Ocean Service/NOAA, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, United States
| | - Matthew J. Bertin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
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17
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Bertin MJ, Roduit AF, Sun J, Alves GE, Via CW, Gonzalez MA, Zimba PV, Moeller PDR. Tricholides A and B and Unnarmicin D: New Hybrid PKS-NRPS Macrocycles Isolated from an Environmental Collection of Trichodesmium thiebautii. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E206. [PMID: 28665343 PMCID: PMC5532648 DOI: 10.3390/md15070206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioassay-guided isolation of the lipophilic extract of Trichodesmium thiebautii bloom material led to the purification and structure characterization of two new hybrid polyketide-non-ribosomal peptide (PKS-NRPS) macrocyclic compounds, tricholides A and B (1 and 2). A third macrocyclic compound, unnarmicin D (3), was identified as a new depsipeptide in the unnarmicin family, given its structural similarity to the existing compounds in this group. The planar structures of 1-3 were determined using 1D and 2D NMR spectra and complementary spectroscopic and spectrometric procedures. The absolute configurations of the amino acid components of 1-3 were determined via acid hydrolysis, derivitization with Marfey's reagent and HPLC-UV comparison to authentic amino acid standards. The absolute configuration of the 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid moiety in 3 was determined using a modified Mosher's esterification procedure on a linear derivative of tricharmicin (4) and additionally by a comparison of 13C NMR shifts of 3 to known depsipeptides with β-hydroxy acid subunits. Tricholide B (2) showed moderate cytotoxicity to Neuro-2A murine neuroblastoma cells (EC50: 14.5 ± 6.2 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Bertin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Alexandre F Roduit
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Jiadong Sun
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Gabriella E Alves
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Christopher W Via
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Miguel A Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies and Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - Peter D R Moeller
- Emerging Toxins Program, National Ocean Service/NOAA, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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18
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Steffen MM, Davis TW, McKay RML, Bullerjahn GS, Krausfeldt LE, Stough JMA, Neitzey ML, Gilbert NE, Boyer GL, Johengen TH, Gossiaux DC, Burtner AM, Palladino D, Rowe MD, Dick GJ, Meyer KA, Levy S, Boone BE, Stumpf RP, Wynne TT, Zimba PV, Gutierrez D, Wilhelm SW. Ecophysiological Examination of the Lake Erie Microcystis Bloom in 2014: Linkages between Biology and the Water Supply Shutdown of Toledo, OH. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:6745-6755. [PMID: 28535339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Annual cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Microcystis have occurred in western Lake Erie (U.S./Canada) during summer months since 1995. The production of toxins by bloom-forming cyanobacteria can lead to drinking water crises, such as the one experienced by the city of Toledo in August of 2014, when the city was rendered without drinking water for >2 days. It is important to understand the conditions and environmental cues that were driving this specific bloom to provide a scientific framework for management of future bloom events. To this end, samples were collected and metatranscriptomes generated coincident with the collection of environmental metrics for eight sites located in the western basin of Lake Erie, including a station proximal to the water intake for the city of Toledo. These data were used to generate a basin-wide ecophysiological fingerprint of Lake Erie Microcystis populations in August 2014 for comparison to previous bloom communities. Our observations and analyses indicate that, at the time of sample collection, Microcystis populations were under dual nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stress, as genes involved in scavenging of these nutrients were being actively transcribed. Targeted analysis of urea transport and hydrolysis suggests a potentially important role for exogenous urea as a nitrogen source during the 2014 event. Finally, simulation data suggest a wind event caused microcystin-rich water from Maumee Bay to be transported east along the southern shoreline past the Toledo water intake. Coupled with a significant cyanophage infection, these results reveal that a combination of biological and environmental factors led to the disruption of the Toledo water supply. This scenario was not atypical of reoccurring Lake Erie blooms and thus may reoccur in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan M Steffen
- Department of Biology, James Madison University , Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
| | - Timothy W Davis
- NOAA-GLERL, 4840 South State Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
| | - R Michael L McKay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - George S Bullerjahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Lauren E Krausfeldt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Joshua M A Stough
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Michelle L Neitzey
- Department of Biology, James Madison University , Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
| | - Naomi E Gilbert
- Department of Biology, James Madison University , Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
| | - Gregory L Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Environmental Science and Forestry , Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Thomas H Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
| | - Duane C Gossiaux
- NOAA-GLERL, 4840 South State Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
| | - Ashley M Burtner
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
| | - Danna Palladino
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
| | - Mark D Rowe
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
| | - Gregory J Dick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kevin A Meyer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shawn Levy
- Genomic Service Laboratory, Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology , Huntsville, Alabama 35806, United States
| | - Braden E Boone
- Genomic Service Laboratory, Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology , Huntsville, Alabama 35806, United States
| | - Richard P Stumpf
- NOAA National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Sciences, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Timothy T Wynne
- NOAA National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Sciences, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M Corpus Christi , Corpus Christi, Texas 78412, United States
| | - Danielle Gutierrez
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M Corpus Christi , Corpus Christi, Texas 78412, United States
| | - Steven W Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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19
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Zimba PV, Huang IS, Gutierrez D, Shin W, Bennett MS, Triemer RE. Euglenophycin is produced in at least six species of euglenoid algae and six of seven strains of Euglena sanguinea. Harmful Algae 2017; 63:79-84. [PMID: 28366403 PMCID: PMC5380236 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Euglena sanguinea is known to produce the alkaloid toxin euglenophycin and is known to cause fish kills and inhibit mammalian tissue and microalgal culture growth. An analysis of over 30 species of euglenoids for accumulation of euglenophycin identified six additional species producing the toxin; and six of the seven E. sanguinea strains produced the toxin. A phylogenetic assessment of these species confirmed most taxa were in the Euglenaceae, whereas synthesis capability apparently has been lost in the Phacus, Eutreptiella, and Discoplastis branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Danielle Gutierrez
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 9160 Medical Research Building III, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240-7916, USA.
| | - Woongghi Shin
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea.
| | - Matthew S Bennett
- Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd., S-138 Plant Biology Laboratories, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Richard E Triemer
- Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd., S-138 Plant Biology Laboratories, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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20
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Zimba PV, Huang IS, Foley JE, Linton EW. Identification of a new-to-science cyanobacterium, Toxifilum mysidocida gen. nov. & sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Cyanophyceae). J Phycol 2017; 53:188-197. [PMID: 27809340 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria occupy many niches within terrestrial, planktonic, and benthic habitats. The diversity of habitats colonized, similarity of morphology, and phenotypic plasticity all contribute to the difficulty of cyanobacterial identification. An unknown marine filamentous cyanobacterium was isolated from an aquatic animal rearing facility having mysid mortality events. The cyanobacterium originated from Corpus Christi Bay, TX. Filaments are rarely solitary, benthic mat forming, unbranched, and narrowing at the ends. Cells are 2.1 × 3.1 μm (width × length). Thylakoids are peripherally arranged on the outer third of the cell; cyanophycin granules and polyphosphate bodies are present. Molecular phylogenetic analysis in addition to morphology (transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and chemical composition all confirm it as a new genus and species we name Toxifilum mysidocida. At least one identified Leptolyngbya appears (based on genetic evidence and TEM) to belong to this new genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Unit 5866, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Unit 5866, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - Jennifer E Foley
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859, USA
| | - Eric W Linton
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859, USA
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Bertin MJ, Wahome PG, Zimba PV, He H, Moeller PDR. Trichophycin A, a Cytotoxic Linear Polyketide Isolated from a Trichodesmium thiebautii Bloom. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E10. [PMID: 28067831 PMCID: PMC5295230 DOI: 10.3390/md15010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In an effort to isolate and characterize bioactive secondary metabolites from Trichodesmium thiebautii blooms, collected cyanobacteria biomass was subjected to bioassay-guided extraction and fractionation using the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116, resulting in the isolation and subsequent structure characterization of a linear polyketide trichophycin A (1). The planar structure of 1 was completed using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS). Trichophycin A was moderately toxic against the murine neuroblastoma cell line Neuro-2A (EC50: 6.5 μM) and HCT-116 cells (EC50: 11.7 μM). Trichophycin A was significantly more cytotoxic than the previously isolated polyketides trichotoxin A and trichotoxin B. These cytotoxicity observations suggest that toxicity may be related to the polyol character of these polyketide compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Bertin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Paul G Wahome
- Biosortia Pharmaceuticals, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - Haiyin He
- Biosortia Pharmaceuticals, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
| | - Peter D R Moeller
- Emerging Toxins Program, National Ocean Service/NOAA, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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Zimba PV, Hill EM, Withers K. Benthic microalgae serve as the major food resource for porcelain crabs ( Petrolisthes spp.) in oyster reefs: gut content and pigment evidence 1. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 2016; 483:53-58. [PMID: 30880836 PMCID: PMC6415941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Suspension-feeding porcelain crabs (Petrolisthes spp.) are often the most abundant decapod crustaceans in oyster reef habitat. Analysis of water column and subtidal algal biomass from three Texas estuaries suggests that planktonic food resources are insufficient for porcelain crab growth. Pigment composition of porcelain crab muscle and digestive track contents included the diatom pigment fucoxanthin and cyanobacterial pigment canthaxanthin with digestive track samples containing attached (adnate) benthic diatoms as well as benthic cyanobacteria not found in the water column. Feeding appendages on porcelain crabs include numerous cirri with serrated edges as well as fewer more brush-like longer units. Benthic food resources are in sufficient supply to support porcelain crab biomass.
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O'Neill EC, Trick M, Hill L, Rejzek M, Dusi RG, Hamilton CJ, Zimba PV, Henrissat B, Field RA. The transcriptome of Euglena gracilis reveals unexpected metabolic capabilities for carbohydrate and natural product biochemistry. Mol Biosyst 2016; 11:2808-20. [PMID: 26289754 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Euglena gracilis is a highly complex alga belonging to the green plant line that shows characteristics of both plants and animals, while in evolutionary terms it is most closely related to the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma and Leishmania. This well-studied organism has long been known as a rich source of vitamins A, C and E, as well as amino acids that are essential for the human diet. Here we present de novo transcriptome sequencing and preliminary analysis, providing a basis for the molecular and functional genomics studies that will be required to direct metabolic engineering efforts aimed at enhancing the quality and quantity of high value products from E. gracilis. The transcriptome contains over 30,000 protein-encoding genes, supporting metabolic pathways for lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates and vitamins, along with capabilities for polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis. The metabolic and environmental robustness of Euglena is supported by a substantial capacity for responding to biotic and abiotic stress: it has the capacity to deploy three separate pathways for vitamin C (ascorbate) production, as well as producing vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and, in addition to glutathione, the redox-active thiols nor-trypanothione and ovothiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis C O'Neill
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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Gutierrez DB, Fahlman A, Gardner M, Kleinhenz D, Piscitelli M, Raverty S, Haulena M, Zimba PV. Phosphatidylcholine composition of pulmonary surfactant from terrestrial and marine diving mammals. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 211:29-36. [PMID: 25812797 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Marine mammals are repeatedly exposed to elevated extra-thoracic pressure and alveolar collapse during diving and readily experience alveolar expansion upon inhalation - a unique capability as compared to terrestrial mammals. How marine mammal lungs overcome the challenges of frequent alveolar collapse and recruitment remains unknown. Recent studies indicate that pinniped lung surfactant has more anti-adhesive components compared to terrestrial mammals, which would aid in alveolar opening. However, pulmonary surfactant composition has not yet been investigated in odontocetes, whose physiology and diving behavior differ from pinnipeds. The aim of this study was to investigate the phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition of lung surfactants from various marine mammals and compare these to a terrestrial mammal. We found an increase in anti-adhesive PC species in harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) compared to dog (Canus lupus familiaris), as well as an increase in the fluidizing PCs 16:0/14:0 and 16:0/16:1 in pinnipeds compared to odontocetes. The harbor porpoise (a representative of the odontocetes) did not have higher levels of fluidizing PCs compared to dog. Our preliminary results support previous findings that pinnipeds may have adapted unique surfactant compositions that allow them to dive at high pressures for extended periods without adverse effects. Future studies will need to investigate the differences in other surfactant components to fully assess the surfactant composition in odontocetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle B Gutierrez
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - Andreas Fahlman
- Comparative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - Manuela Gardner
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - Danielle Kleinhenz
- Comparative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - Marina Piscitelli
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Stephen Raverty
- Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, Animal Health Center, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, Abbotsford, BC V3G 2M3, Canada; Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Martin Haulena
- Vancouver Aquarium, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada.
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
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Mehrubeoglu M, Teng MY, Zimba PV. Resolving mixed algal species in hyperspectral images. Sensors (Basel) 2013; 14:1-21. [PMID: 24451451 PMCID: PMC3926544 DOI: 10.3390/s140100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated a lab-based hyperspectral imaging system's response from pure (single) and mixed (two) algal cultures containing known algae types and volumetric combinations to characterize the system's performance. The spectral response to volumetric changes in single and combinations of algal mixtures with known ratios were tested. Constrained linear spectral unmixing was applied to extract the algal content of the mixtures based on abundances that produced the lowest root mean square error. Percent prediction error was computed as the difference between actual percent volumetric content and abundances at minimum RMS error. Best prediction errors were computed as 0.4%, 0.4% and 6.3% for the mixed spectra from three independent experiments. The worst prediction errors were found as 5.6%, 5.4% and 13.4% for the same order of experiments. Additionally, Beer-Lambert's law was utilized to relate transmittance to different volumes of pure algal suspensions demonstrating linear logarithmic trends for optical property measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrube Mehrubeoglu
- Hyperspectral Optical Property Instrumentation (HOPI) Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX 78412-5797, USA.
| | - Ming Y Teng
- Hyperspectral Optical Property Instrumentation (HOPI) Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX 78412-5797, USA
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX 78412-5866, USA.
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Gutierrez DB, Rafalski A, Beauchesne K, Moeller PD, Triemer RE, Zimba PV. Quantitative mass spectrometric analysis and post-extraction stability assessment of the euglenoid toxin euglenophycin. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:1587-96. [PMID: 24051554 PMCID: PMC3798875 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5091587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Euglenophycin is a recently discovered toxin produced by at least one species of euglenoid algae. The toxin has been responsible for several fish mortality events. To facilitate the identification and monitoring of euglenophycin in freshwater ponds, we have developed a specific mass spectrometric method for the identification and quantitation of euglenophycin. The post-extraction stability of the toxin was assessed under various conditions. Euglenophycin was most stable at room temperature. At 8 °C there was a small, but statistically significant, loss in toxin after one day. These methods and knowledge of the toxin's stability will facilitate identification of the toxin as a causative agent in fish kills and determination of the toxin's distribution in the organs of exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle B. Gutierrez
- Center for Coastal Studies Texas A&M University Corpus Christi 6300 Ocean Drive Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Alexandra Rafalski
- Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Kevin Beauchesne
- NOAA/NCCOS Center for Human Health Research Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; E-Mails: (K.B.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Peter D. Moeller
- NOAA/NCCOS Center for Human Health Research Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; E-Mails: (K.B.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Richard E. Triemer
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Paul V. Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies Texas A&M University Corpus Christi 6300 Ocean Drive Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel: +1-361-825-2768; Fax: +1-361-825-2770
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27
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Omoregie SN, Omoruyi FO, Wright VF, Jones L, Zimba PV. Antiproliferative activities of lesser galangal (Alpinia officinarum Hance Jam1), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) against acute monocytic leukemia. J Med Food 2013; 16:647-55. [PMID: 23819642 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute monocytic leukemia (AML M5 or AMoL) is one of the several types of leukemia that are still awaiting cures. The use of chemotherapy for cancer management can be harmful to normal cells in the vicinity of the target leukemia cells. This study assessed the potency of the extracts from lesser galangal, turmeric, and ginger against AML M5 to use the suitable fractions in neutraceuticals. Aqueous and organic solvent extracts from the leaves and rhizomes of lesser galangal and turmeric, and from the rhizomes only of ginger were examined for their antiproliferative activities against THP-1 AMoL cells in vitro. Lesser galangal leaf extracts in organic solvents of methanol, chloroform, and dichloromethane maintained distinctive antiproliferative activities over a 48-h period. The turmeric leaf and rhizome extracts and ginger rhizome extracts in methanol also showed distinctive anticancer activities. The lesser galangal leaf methanol extract was subsequently separated into 13, and then 18 fractions using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Fractions 9 and 16, respectively, showed the greatest antiproliferative activities. These results indicate that the use of plant extracts might be a safer approach to finding a lasting cure for AMoL. Further investigations will be required to establish the discriminatory tolerance of normal cells to these extracts, and to identify the compounds in these extracts that possess the antiproliferative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson N Omoregie
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville, Jamaica.
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Brostoff WN, Holmquist JG, Schmidt-Gengenbach J, Zimba PV. Fairy, tadpole, and clam shrimps (Branchiopoda) in seasonally inundated clay pans in the western Mojave Desert and effect on primary producers. Saline Syst 2010; 6:11. [PMID: 21143855 PMCID: PMC3019125 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1448-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Fairy shrimps (Anostraca), tadpole shrimps (Notostraca), clam shrimps (Spinicaudata), algae (primarily filamentous blue-green algae [cyanobacteria]), and suspended organic particulates are dominant food web components of the seasonally inundated pans and playas of the western Mojave Desert in California. We examined the extent to which these branchiopods controlled algal abundance and species composition in clay pans between Rosamond and Rogers Dry Lakes. We surveyed branchiopods during the wet season to estimate abundances and then conducted a laboratory microcosm experiment, in which dried sediment containing cysts and the overlying algal crust were inundated and cultured. Microcosm trials were run with and without shrimps; each type of trial was run for two lengths of time: 30 and 60 days. We estimated the effect of shrimps on algae by measuring chlorophyll content and the relative abundance of algal species. Results We found two species of fairy shrimps (Branchinecta mackini and B. gigas), one tadpole shrimp (Lepidurus lemmoni), and a clam shrimp (Cyzicus setosa) in our wet-season field survey. We collected Branchinecta lindahli in a pilot study, but not subsequently. The dominant taxa were C. setosa and B. mackini, but abundances and species composition varied greatly among playas. The same species found in field surveys also occurred in the microcosm experiment. There were no significant differences as a function of experimental treatments for either chlorophyll content or algal species composition (Microcoleus vaginatus dominated all treatments). Conclusions The results suggest that there was no direct effect of shrimps on algae. Although the pans harbored an apparently high abundance of branchiopods, these animals had little role in regulating primary producers in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W N Brostoff
- Environmental Planning, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1455 Market St., San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - J G Holmquist
- University of California San Diego White Mountain Research Station and Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Lab, 3000 E Line St., Bishop CA 93514, USA
| | - J Schmidt-Gengenbach
- University of California San Diego White Mountain Research Station and Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Lab, 3000 E Line St., Bishop CA 93514, USA
| | - P V Zimba
- Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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Smith JL, Schulz KL, Zimba PV, Boyer GL. Possible mechanism for the foodweb transfer of covalently bound microcystins. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2010; 73:757-61. [PMID: 20071028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are cyanobacterial toxins that inhibit protein phosphatases 1 and 2A (PP1, PP2A) within an animal through both reversible and covalent interactions. Only MCs that have accumulated in animal tissue in reversible interactions are currently considered when estimating risk to higher trophic levels and humans through food web exposure. However, the majority of MCs is likely covalently bound to target proteins in tissues and these MCs are not quantified or included in these assessments. These covalently bound MCs may be made bioavailable in the digestive system of a consumer through the digestion of their attached protein phosphatase. Three common digestive enzymes, pepsin, chymotrypsin, and trypsin, did not digest cyclic MC-LR and MC-LY, but were very active against a control peptide with typical linkages and standard amino acids in "L" conformation, supporting the possibility for MC-peptide formation during gut passage. To test if digestion products could be biologically active in the consumer, four predicted MC-peptides were synthesized and assayed for activity against PP1 by the protein phosphatase inhibition assay (PPIA). All four MC-peptides were active against PP1 and comparably half (58%) as inhibitory as the parent toxin. This in vitro study demonstrated that MCs covalently bound to proteins may represent a reservoir of potential toxicity for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette L Smith
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York, Syracuse, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Zimba PV, Moeller PD, Beauchesne K, Lane HE, Triemer RE. Identification of euglenophycin--a toxin found in certain euglenoids. Toxicon 2009; 55:100-4. [PMID: 19615398 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Currently cyanoprokaryotic algae, diatoms, haptophytes, dinoflagellates, euglenoids, and rhaphidophytes are known to produce algal toxins. A previous study by the authors reported euglenoid algae producing toxin(s) in aquaculture ponds, with confirmation based on positive fish bioassays following exposure to the isolated clonal algal cultures. Toxicity was observed in euglenoid culture isolates obtained from the pond as well as a clonal, culture collection taxon. Here we provide conclusive evidence for euglenoid toxin production, including HPLC/MS, MS/MS, and NMR analyses of a clonal (non-axenic) isolate of Euglena sanguinea grown in batch culture. Following wet chemical serial fractionation, toxic activity was identified in both the methanol and hexane extracts. These extracts were then purified using HPLC. Bioassay-guided HPLC fractionation of these two extracts demonstrated that a single class of toxic compounds, identical in mass and similar in molecular structure, was produced by this organism. The toxic compounds exhibited a maximal UV absorbance at 238nm and gave diagnostic mass peaks at 306 (MH(+)) and 288 (MH(+)-H(2)O). Unambiguous molecular structural determination was carried out by high field NMR analysis operating in 1- and 2-dimensions. Though a predominant isomer represented the bulk of the toxin, several stereo- and structural isomers were evidenced by NMR, and HPLC/MS. This compound is an alkaloid similar in structure to fire ant venom. The compound exhibits ichthyotoxic, herbicidal and anticancer activity at low ppm to ppb dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Zimba
- National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Agricultural Research Service, Post Office Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38701, USA.
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31
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Bucolo P, Sullivan MJ, Zimba PV. EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT ON PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND BIOMASS OF SEDIMENT MICROALGAE IN A SUBTROPICAL SEAGRASS BED(1). J Phycol 2008; 44:874-881. [PMID: 27041604 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication of coastal waters often leads to excessive growth of microalgal epiphytes attached to seagrass leaves; however, the effect of increased nutrient levels on sediment microalgae has not been studied within seagrass communities. A slow-release NPK Osmocote fertilizer was added to sediments within and outside beds of the shoal grass Halodule wrightii, in Big Lagoon, Perdido Key, Florida. Gross primary production (GPP) and biomass (HPLC photopigments) of sediment microalgae within and adjacent to fertilized and control H. wrightii beds were measured following two 4-week enrichment periods during June and July 2004. There was no effect of position on sediment microalgal GPP or biomass in control and enriched plots. However, nutrient enrichment significantly increased GPP in both June and July. These results suggest that sediment microalgae could fill some of the void in primary production where seagrass beds disappear due to excessive nutrient enrichment. Sedimentary chl a (proxy of total microalgal biomass) significantly increased only during the June enrichment period, whereas fucoxanthin (proxy of total diatom biomass) was not increased by nutrient enrichment even though its concentration doubled in the enriched plots in June.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bucolo
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USASt. Andrew's North Campus, 370 Old Agency Rd., Ridgeland, Mississippi 39157, USACatfish Genetics Research Unit, USDA/ARS/MSA, PO Box 38,141 Experimental Station Road, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, USA
| | - Michael J Sullivan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USASt. Andrew's North Campus, 370 Old Agency Rd., Ridgeland, Mississippi 39157, USACatfish Genetics Research Unit, USDA/ARS/MSA, PO Box 38,141 Experimental Station Road, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, USA
| | - Paul V Zimba
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USASt. Andrew's North Campus, 370 Old Agency Rd., Ridgeland, Mississippi 39157, USACatfish Genetics Research Unit, USDA/ARS/MSA, PO Box 38,141 Experimental Station Road, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, USA
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Richardson LL, Sekar R, Myers JL, Gantar M, Voss JD, Kaczmarsky L, Remily ER, Boyer GL, Zimba PV. The presence of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin in black band disease of corals. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2007; 272:182-7. [PMID: 17506829 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Black band disease (BBD) is a migrating, cyanobacterial dominated, sulfide-rich microbial mat that moves across coral colonies lysing coral tissue. While it is known that BBD sulfate-reducing bacteria contribute to BBD pathogenicity by production of sulfide, additional mechanisms of toxicity may be involved. Using HPLC/MS, the cyanotoxin microcystin was detected in 22 field samples of BBD collected from five coral species on nine reefs of the wider Caribbean (Florida Keys and Bahamas). Two cyanobacterial cultures isolated from BBD, Geitlerinema and Leptolyngbya sp. contained microcystin based on HPLC/MS, with toxic activity confirmed using the protein phosphatase inhibition assay. The gene mcyA from the microcystin synthesis complex was detected in two field samples and from both BBD cyanobacterial cultures. Microcystin was not detected in six BBD samples from a different area of the Caribbean (St Croix, USVI) and the Philippines, suggesting regional specificity for BBD microcystin. This is the first report of the presence of microcystin in a coral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie L Richardson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33612, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Zimba
- USDA/ARS/MSA/CGRU, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA.
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Abstract
Drawing inferences from epidemiologic studies of HIV/AIDS and in vivo and in vitro HIV inhibition by algae, we propose algal consumption as one unifying characteristic of countries with anomalously low rates. HIV/AIDS incidence and prevalence in Eastern Asia ( approximately 1/10000 adults in Japan and Korea), compared to Africa ( approximately 1/10 adults), strongly suggest that differences in IV drug use and sexual behavior are insufficient to explain the 1000-fold variation. Even in Africa, AIDS/HIV rates vary. Chad has consistently reported low rates of HIV/AIDS (2-4/100). Possibly not coincidentally, most people in Japan and Korea eat seaweed daily and the Kanemba, one of the major tribal groups in Chad, eat a blue green alga (Spirulina) daily. Average daily algae consumption in Asia and Africa ranges between 1 and 2 tablespoons (3-13 g). Regular consumption of dietary algae might help prevent HIV infection and suppress viral load among those infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Teas
- Health Promotion Education and Behavior, The Norman J Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina and the South Carolina Cancer Center, 15 Medical Park, Suite 301 Columbia, SC 29203, USA.
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35
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Hapeman CJ, Dionigi CP, Zimba PV, McConnell LL. Agrochemical and nutrient impacts on estuaries and other aquatic systems. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50:4382-4384. [PMID: 12105974 DOI: 10.1021/jf020457n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the "Agrochemical and Nutrient Impacts on Estuaries" symposium held at the 220th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society. The focus of the symposium was to highlight ongoing research efforts to understand estuarine function and pollutant fate in these important ecosystems. Expanding urbanization and agricultural activity can result in increased particulate and chemical loads, resulting in decreased light penetration and degraded aquatic habitats. Legislative and regulatory protections, such as the Clean Water Act and Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), are considered here. Measurement of nutrient and pesticide loads and their ecotoxicological impacts are explored, as well as potential mitigation practices. The complexity and high visibility of estuarine ecosystem health will require continued examination to develop more effective agricultural and land management strategies and sound science-based regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen J Hapeman
- Environmental Quality Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
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Grimm CC, Lloyd SW, Batista R, Zimba PV. Using microwave distillation-solid-phase microextraction--gas chromatography--mass spectrometry for analyzing fish tissue. J Chromatogr Sci 2000; 38:289-96. [PMID: 10901414 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/38.7.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A technique for the analysis of the volatile compounds from fish tissue employing microwave distillation-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is described. A qualitative listing of 174 compounds observed in the headspace is given, and a quantitative method for the determination of the off-flavor contaminants (2-methylisoborneol and geosmin) is presented. Borneol and decahydro-1-naphthol are used as the surrogate and internal standards, respectively. A linear calibration curve is obtained for 0.1 to 5 ppb with a recovery level of 60% at 2.5 ppb. Comparison of the instrumental method with a human flavor checker showed good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Grimm
- USDA-ARS-SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA.
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