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Deng X, Huang IS, Williams K, Wainwright ML, Zimba PV, Mozzachiodi R. Role of serotonin in the lack of sensitization caused by prolonged food deprivation in Aplysia. Behav Brain Res 2024; 458:114736. [PMID: 37923220 PMCID: PMC10842817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Food deprivation may cause neurological dysfunctions including memory impairment. The mollusk Aplysia is a suitable animal model to study prolonged food deprivation-induced memory deficits because it can sustain up to 14 days of food deprivation (14DFD). Sensitization of defensive withdrawal reflexes has been used to illustrate the detrimental effects of 14DFD on memory formation. Under normal feeding conditions (i.e., two days food deprivation, 2DFD), aversive stimuli lead to serotonin (5-HT) release into the hemolymph and neuropil, which mediates sensitization and its cellular correlates including increased excitability of tail sensory neurons (TSNs). Recent studies found that 14DFD prevents both short-term and long-term sensitization, as well as short-term increased excitability of TSNs induced by in vitro aversive training. This study investigated the role of 5-HT in the absence of sensitization and TSN increased excitability under 14DFD. Because 5-HT is synthesized from tryptophan obtained through diet, and its exogeneous application alone induces sensitization and increases TSN excitability, we hypothesized that 1) 5-HT level may be reduced by 14DFD and 2) 5-HT may still induce sensitization and TSN increased excitability in 14DFD animals. Results revealed that 14DFD significantly decreased hemolymph 5-HT level, which may contribute to the lack of sensitization and its cellular correlates, while ganglia 5-HT level was not changed. 5-HT exogenous application induced sensitization in 14DFD Aplysia, albeit smaller than that in 2DFD animals, suggesting that this treatment can only induce partial sensitization in food deprived animals. Under 14DFD, 5-HT increased TSN excitability indistinguishable from that observed under 2DFD. Taken together, these findings characterize 5-HT metabolic deficiency under 14DFD, which may be compensated, at least in part, by 5-HT exogenous application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Deng
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Kourtlin Williams
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Marcy L Wainwright
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Riccardo Mozzachiodi
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
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Wang Y, Berthold DE, Hu J, Lefler FW, Huang IS, Laughinghouse HD. Novel diversity within Roseofilum (Desertifilaceae, Cyanobacteria) from marine benthic mats with description of four new species. J Phycol 2023; 59:1147-1165. [PMID: 37824435 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Benthic cyanobacterial mats (BCMs) are natural phenomena in marine environments. Reports of BCMs occurring across coastal marine environments have increased, partly driven by nutrient loading and climate change; thus, there is a need to understand the diversity involved in the proliferations and potential toxicity of the BCMs. Furthermore, marine cyanobacterial mats are observed growing on and affecting the health of corals with one specific cyanobacterial genus, Roseofilum, dominating the microbial mats associated with black band disease (BBD), a destructive polymicrobial disease that affects corals. To explore the diversity of Roseofilum, cyanobacterial mats from various marine habitats were sampled, and individual isolates were identified based on morphology, 16S rRNA gene phylogenies, 16S-23S ITS rRNA region sequence dissimilarities, and phylogenomics. Four novel species of Roseofilum were isolated from benthic marine mats, three from the coasts of Florida, United States (R. capinflatum sp. nov., R. casamattae sp. nov., and R. acuticapitatum sp. nov.) and one from the coast of France (R. halophilum sp. nov.). Our analyses revealed that Roseofilum associated with coral BBD and those not associated with corals but rather from coastal benthic mats are systematically distinct based on both phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and LC-MS data indicated that microcystin production was found in one of the four species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida - IFAS, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - David E Berthold
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida - IFAS, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - Jing Hu
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida - IFAS, Davie, Florida, USA
- Department of Marine Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, People's Republic of China
| | - Forrest W Lefler
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida - IFAS, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Office of Regulatory Science, United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - H Dail Laughinghouse
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida - IFAS, Davie, Florida, USA
- Department of Botany, National Musuem of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
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Huang IS, Pietrasiak N, Gobler CJ, Johansen JR, Burkholder JM, D'Antonio S, Zimba PV. Diversity of bioactive compound content across 71 genera of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial cyanobacteria. Harmful Algae 2021; 109:102116. [PMID: 34815023 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms have increased in frequency, distribution, and intensity due to climate change and anthropogenic nutrient input. The release of bioactive compounds accumulated in these blooms can affect the health of humans and the environment. The co-occurrence of bioactive metabolites is well-documented in bloom samples from marine and freshwater ecosystems, with fewer reports from unialgal isolates. Cyanobacteria also are important terrestrial ecosystem components, especially in drylands, but reports on bioactive molecules from terrestrial cyanobacteria are sparse. This study determined bioactive metabolite profiles for 71 genera of cyanobacteria from seven orders isolated from freshwater (12 genera), marine (15 genera), and terrestrial (44 genera) habitats originally. Cultures were harvested for bioactive metabolites when entering the late-exponential phase for all 157 strains, and 33 were sampled at both early and late exponential phases. Bioactive metabolites were analyzed using an ultra high performance/pressure liquid chromatography in-line with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Overall, 12 bioactive classes of the 28 identified were ubiquitous in all samples. On average, each freshwater genus produced ∼12 bioactive classes, whereas each marine genus contained > 4 bioactive classes, and each terrestrial genus contained ∼6 bioactive classes. While 10 of 12 freshwater genera produced at least 10 bioactive classes, only a single genus each from marine and terrestrial habitats had the same number of bioactive classed accumulated. Aeruginosin was found in 58 of 71 total genera, carmabin in 51 of 71 genera, and anabaenopeptin in 48 of 71 genera. Chemotaxonomic use of these secondary metabolites may help resolve higher-level genetic classification(s). An additional growth curve experiment showed that bioactive metabolites were produced at both early and late exponential growth phases. The bioactive metabolite accumulation pattern between early and late exponential phases differed by bioactive classes, genera, and habitats. This survey of 55 bioactive classes in cyanobacteria isolated from freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats (71 genera) provides as one of the first systematic bioactive metabolite profiles for cyanobacteria, which should be useful in environmental and drinking water management. Further, it offers novel insights about the toxin potential of selected terrestrial cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX 78412,USA; United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740,USA.
| | - Nicole Pietrasiak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Ave, Las Cruces, NM 88003,USA
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794,USA
| | - Jeffrey R Johansen
- Department of Biology, John Carroll University, 1 John Carroll Blvd, University Heights, OH 44118,USA; Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice 37005, Czechia,USA
| | - JoAnn M Burkholder
- Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695,USA
| | - Sue D'Antonio
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 1834 TX-71 W, Cedar Creek, TX 78612,USA
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX 78412,USA; PVZimba, Inc., 12241 Percival St, Chester, VA 23831, USA
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Chorazyczewski AM, Huang IS, Abdulla H, Mayali X, Zimba PV. The Influence of Bacteria on the Growth, Lipid Production, and Extracellular Metabolite Accumulation by Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae). J Phycol 2021; 57:931-940. [PMID: 33454979 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To examine the impact of heterotrophic bacteria on microalgal physiology, we co-cultured the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum with six bacterial strains to quantify bacteria-mediated differences in algal biomass, total intracellular lipids, and for a subset, extracellular metabolite accumulation. A Marinobacter isolate significantly increased algal cell concentrations, dry biomass, and lipid content compared to axenic algal cultures. Two other bacterial strains from the Bacteroidetes order, of the genera Algoriphagus and Muricauda, significantly lowered P. tricornutum biomass, leading to overall decreased lipid accumulation. These three bacterial co-cultures (one mutualistic, two competitive) were analyzed for extracellular metabolites via untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to compare against bacteria-free cultures. Over 80% of the extracellular metabolites differentially abundant in at least one treatment were in higher concentrations in the axenic cultures, in agreement with the hypothesis that the co-cultured bacteria incorporated algal-derived organic compounds for growth. Furthermore, the extracellular metabolite profiles of the two growth-inhibiting cultures were more similar to one another than the growth-promoting co-culture, linking metabolite patterns to ecological role. Our results show that algal-bacterial interactions can influence the accumulation of intracellular lipids and extracellular metabolites, and suggest that utilization and accumulation of compounds outside the cell play a role in regulating microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Chorazyczewski
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M-Corpus Christi University, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M-Corpus Christi University, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - Hussain Abdulla
- Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M-Corpus Christi University, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - Xavier Mayali
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California, 94550, USA
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M-Corpus Christi University, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
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Berthold DE, Lefler FW, Huang IS, Abdulla H, Zimba PV, Laughinghouse HD. Iningainema tapete sp. nov. (Scytonemataceae, Cyanobacteria) from greenhouses in central Florida (USA) produces two types of nodularin with biosynthetic potential for microcystin-LR and anabaenopeptin production. Harmful Algae 2021; 101:101969. [PMID: 33526185 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Iningainema is a recently described genus of heterocytous, false-branching cyanobacteria originally described from Australia. In this work, we present Iningainema tapete sp. nov., isolated from subaerial and terrestrial environments in central Florida (USA). In comparison to the sister species, our novel cyanobacterium produces nodularin-R (NOD-R) and a methylated isoform [MeAdda3] NOD previously not reported within this genus; in addition to possessing the biosynthetic gene clusters for microcystin and anabaenopeptins production. Nodularin accumulation by this cyanobacterium exceeded 500 µg g-1 dry weight in cultures grown in nitrogen-depleted media. Such elevated toxin concentrations are alarming as the cyanobacterium was isolated from a food production greenhouse and poses a potential risk for food products and for workforce exposure. Using morphology, 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, and 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) secondary structure, coupled with toxin detection and toxin gene presence, we provide evidence for the establishment of a novel toxic species of cyanobacteria, Iningainema tapete.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Berthold
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida / IFAS, Davie, FL 33314, United States
| | - Forrest W Lefler
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida / IFAS, Davie, FL 33314, United States
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, United States
| | - Hussain Abdulla
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, United States
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Department of Life Sciences and Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, United States
| | - H Dail Laughinghouse
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida / IFAS, Davie, FL 33314, United States.
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Karnjanapak C, Huang IS, Jaroensuk P, Bunyajetpong S, Zimba PV, Plumley FG. Rhodomonas PE545 fluorescence is increased by glycerol. ScienceAsia 2021. [DOI: 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2021.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Mullis MM, Huang IS, Planas-Costas GM, Pray R, Buck GW, Nassiri A, Fuentes C, Turner L, Ramirez GD, Mott JB, Turner JW. Draft Genome Sequences of 42 Environmental Vibrio vulnificus Strains Isolated from the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:e00200-19. [PMID: 31296669 PMCID: PMC6624752 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00200-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative bacterium and an opportunistic pathogen that can cause septicemia or necrotizing fasciitis. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 42 environmental V. vulnificus strains collected from the northern Gulf of Mexico. These data will allow for more robust comparisons between clinical and environmental strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Mullis
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA
| | | | - Reavelyn Pray
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory W Buck
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA
| | - Arian Nassiri
- Virginia Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, Department of General Services, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Courtney Fuentes
- Virginia Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, Department of General Services, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Lauren Turner
- Virginia Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, Department of General Services, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Gabriel D Ramirez
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA
| | - Joanna B Mott
- College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Turner
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA
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Shalygin S, Huang IS, Allen EH, Burkholder JM, Zimba PV. Odorella benthonica gen. & sp. nov. (Pleurocapsales, Cyanobacteria): an odor and prolific toxin producer isolated from a California aqueduct. J Phycol 2019; 55:509-520. [PMID: 30637743 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pleurocapsales are one of the least understood groups of cyanobacteria in terms of molecular systematics and biochemistry. Considering the high number of cryptic taxa within the Synechococcales and Oscillatoriales, it is likely that such taxa also occur in the Pleurocapsales. The new genus described in our research is the first known pleurocapsalean cryptic taxon. It produces off-flavor and a large number of bioactive metabolites (n = 38) some of which can be toxic including four known microcystins. Using a polyphasic approach, we propose the establishment of the genus Odorella with the new species O. benthonica from material originally isolated from the California Aqueduct near Los Angeles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Shalygin
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - Elle H Allen
- Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology, North Carolina State University, 620 Hutton Street Suite 104, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606, USA
| | - JoAnn M Burkholder
- Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology, North Carolina State University, 620 Hutton Street Suite 104, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606, USA
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
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Huang IS, Zimba PV. Cyanobacterial bioactive metabolites-A review of their chemistry and biology. Harmful Algae 2019; 86:139-209. [PMID: 31358273 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms occur when algal densities exceed baseline population concentrations. Cyanobacteria can produce a large number of secondary metabolites. Odorous metabolites affect the smell and flavor of aquatic animals, whereas bioactive metabolites cause a range of lethal and sub-lethal effects in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, including humans. Herein, the bioactivity, chemistry, origin, and biosynthesis of these cyanobacterial secondary metabolites were reviewed. With recent revision of cyanobacterial taxonomy by Anagnostidis and Komárek as part of the Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa volumes 19(1-3), names of many cyanobacteria that produce bioactive compounds have changed, thereby confusing readers. The original and new nomenclature are included in this review to clarify the origins of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Due to structural similarity, the 157 known bioactive classes produced by cyanobacteria have been condensed to 55 classes. This review will provide a basis for more formal procedures to adopt a logical naming system. This review is needed for efficient management of water resources to understand, identify, and manage cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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Huang IS, Zimba PV. Cyanobacterial bioactive metabolites-A review of their chemistry and biology. Harmful Algae 2019; 83:42-94. [PMID: 31097255 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms occur when algal densities exceed baseline population concentrations. Cyanobacteria can produce a large number of secondary metabolites. Odorous metabolites affect the smell and flavor of aquatic animals, whereas bioactive metabolites cause a range of lethal and sub-lethal effects in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, including humans. Herein, the bioactivity, chemistry, origin, and biosynthesis of these cyanobacterial secondary metabolites were reviewed. With recent revision of cyanobacterial taxonomy by Anagnostidis and Komárek as part of the Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa volumes 19(1-3), names of many cyanobacteria that produce bioactive compounds have changed, thereby confusing readers. The original and new nomenclature are included in this review to clarify the origins of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Due to structural similarity, the 157 known bioactive classes produced by cyanobacteria have been condensed to 55 classes. This review will provide a basis for more formal procedures to adopt a logical naming system. This review is needed for efficient management of water resources to understand, identify, and manage cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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Chia MA, Jankowiak JG, Kramer BJ, Goleski JA, Huang IS, Zimba PV, do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira M, Gobler CJ. Succession and toxicity of Microcystis and Anabaena (Dolichospermum) blooms are controlled by nutrient-dependent allelopathic interactions. Harmful Algae 2018; 74:67-77. [PMID: 29724344 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis and Anabaena (Dolichospermum) are among the most toxic cyanobacterial genera and often succeed each other during harmful algal blooms. The role allelopathy plays in the succession of these genera is not fully understood. The allelopathic interactions of six strains of Microcystis and Anabaena under different nutrient conditions in co-culture and in culture-filtrate experiments were investigated. Microcystis strains significantly reduced the growth of Anabaena strains in mixed cultures with direct cell-to-cell contact and high nutrient levels. Cell-free filtrate from Microcystis cultures proved equally potent in suppressing the growth of nutrient replete Anabaena cultures while also significantly reducing anatoxin-a production. Allelopathic interactions between Microcystis and Anabaena were, however, partly dependent on ambient nutrient levels. Anabaena dominated under low N conditions and Microcystis dominated under nutrient replete and low P during which allelochemicals caused the complete suppression of nitrogen fixation by Anabaena and stimulated glutathione S-transferase activity. The microcystin content of Microcystis was lowered with decreasing N and the presence of Anabaena decreased it further under low P and high nutrient conditions. Collectively, these results indicate that strong allelopathic interactions between Microcystis and Anabaena are closely intertwined with the availability of nutrients and that allelopathy may contribute to the succession, nitrogen availability, and toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias A Chia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, Postal code: 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States
| | - Jennifer G Jankowiak
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States
| | - Benjamin J Kramer
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States
| | - Jennifer A Goleski
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies (CCS), Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 United States
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies (CCS), Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 United States
| | - Maria do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, Postal code: 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States.
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Zimba PV, Huang IS, Gutierrez D, Shin W, Bennett MS, Triemer RE. Euglenophycin is produced in at least six species of euglenoid algae and six of seven strains of Euglena sanguinea. Harmful Algae 2017; 63:79-84. [PMID: 28366403 PMCID: PMC5380236 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Euglena sanguinea is known to produce the alkaloid toxin euglenophycin and is known to cause fish kills and inhibit mammalian tissue and microalgal culture growth. An analysis of over 30 species of euglenoids for accumulation of euglenophycin identified six additional species producing the toxin; and six of the seven E. sanguinea strains produced the toxin. A phylogenetic assessment of these species confirmed most taxa were in the Euglenaceae, whereas synthesis capability apparently has been lost in the Phacus, Eutreptiella, and Discoplastis branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Danielle Gutierrez
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 9160 Medical Research Building III, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240-7916, USA.
| | - Woongghi Shin
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea.
| | - Matthew S Bennett
- Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd., S-138 Plant Biology Laboratories, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Richard E Triemer
- Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd., S-138 Plant Biology Laboratories, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Zimba PV, Huang IS, Foley JE, Linton EW. Identification of a new-to-science cyanobacterium, Toxifilum mysidocida gen. nov. & sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Cyanophyceae). J Phycol 2017; 53:188-197. [PMID: 27809340 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria occupy many niches within terrestrial, planktonic, and benthic habitats. The diversity of habitats colonized, similarity of morphology, and phenotypic plasticity all contribute to the difficulty of cyanobacterial identification. An unknown marine filamentous cyanobacterium was isolated from an aquatic animal rearing facility having mysid mortality events. The cyanobacterium originated from Corpus Christi Bay, TX. Filaments are rarely solitary, benthic mat forming, unbranched, and narrowing at the ends. Cells are 2.1 × 3.1 μm (width × length). Thylakoids are peripherally arranged on the outer third of the cell; cyanophycin granules and polyphosphate bodies are present. Molecular phylogenetic analysis in addition to morphology (transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and chemical composition all confirm it as a new genus and species we name Toxifilum mysidocida. At least one identified Leptolyngbya appears (based on genetic evidence and TEM) to belong to this new genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Unit 5866, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Unit 5866, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - Jennifer E Foley
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859, USA
| | - Eric W Linton
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859, USA
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Wu JC, Chiang TY, Huang YH, Huo TI, Hwang SJ, Huang IS, Sheng WY, Lee SD. Prevalence, implication, and viral nucleotide sequence analysis of GB virus-C/hepatitis G virus infection in acute fulminant and nonfulminant hepatitis. J Med Virol 1998; 56:118-22. [PMID: 9746066 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199810)56:2<118::aid-jmv3>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The clinical impact of GB virus-C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection on various causes of acute hepatitis and fulminant hepatitis is controversial. In this study, serum samples from 164 patients with acute hepatitis of various causes, 34 asymptomatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers, and 34 healthy adults were tested for GBV-C/HGV RNA by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction using primers based on the 5'-untranslated region. Nucleotide sequences of GBV-C/HGV RNA from various groups were compared. The prevalence of GBV-C/HGV RNA was significantly higher in patients with acute hepatitis D virus (HDV) superinfection than in HBV carriers or healthy controls (10/37 vs. 2/34, P < 0.02; 10/37 vs. 1/34, P < 0.005). GBV-C/HGV RNA was detected in 11.1% of acute hepatitis A patients, 9.5% of acute hepatitis B patients, 15.8% of acute hepatitis C patients, 12.5% of acute hepatitis E patients, 11.8% of chronic hepatitis B patients with acute exacerbation, and 11.1% in patients with non-A to -E hepatitis; each was not significantly higher than that in HBV carriers or healthy adults. There were no significant differences in gender, age, serum albumin, bilirubin, and alanine aminotransferase levels nor in the occurrence of fulminant hepatitis (6/28 vs. 36/136) between patients with or without GBV-C/HGV RNA. All six patients with fulminant hepatitis who had GBV-C/HGV RNA were complicated by infection with hepatitis B, C, or D. The GBV-C/HGV clones from 21 patients with or without fulminant hepatitis belonged to group 3. No particular strain of GBV-C/HGV was associated with fulminant hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Wu
- Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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