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Bley H, Krisp C, Schöbel A, Hehner J, Schneider L, Becker M, Stegmann C, Heidenfels E, Nguyen-Dinh V, Schlüter H, Gerold G, Herker E. Proximity labeling of host factor ANXA3 in HCV infection reveals a novel LARP1 function in viral entry. J Biol Chem 2024:107286. [PMID: 38636657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is tightly connected to the lipid metabolism with lipid droplets (LDs) serving as assembly sites for progeny virions. A previous LD proteome analysis identified annexin A3 (ANXA3) as an important HCV host factor that is enriched at LDs in infected cells and required for HCV morphogenesis. To further characterize ANXA3 function in HCV, we performed proximity labeling using ANXA3-BioID2 as bait in HCV-infected cells. Two of the top proteins identified proximal to ANXA3 during HCV infection were the La-related protein 1 (LARP1) and the ADP ribosylation factor-like protein 8B (ARL8B), both of which have been previously described to act in HCV particle production. In follow-up experiments ARL8B functioned as a pro-viral HCV host factor without localizing to LDs and thus likely independent of ANXA3. In contrast, LARP1 interacts with HCV core protein in an RNA-dependent manner and is translocated to LDs by core protein. Knockdown of LARP1 decreased HCV spreading without altering HCV RNA replication or viral titers. Unexpectedly, entry of HCV particles and E1/E2-pseudotyped lentiviral particles was reduced by LARP1 depletion, whereas particle production was not altered. Using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)ΔG entry assay, we showed that LARP1 depletion also decreased entry of VSV with VSV, MERS, and CHIKV glycoproteins. Therefore, our data expand the role of LARP1 as an HCV host factor that is most prominently involved in the early steps of infection, likely contributing to endocytosis of viral particles through the pleiotropic effect LARP1 has on the cellular translatome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Bley
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Krisp
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Schöbel
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Hehner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura Schneider
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Becker
- Institute for Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Cora Stegmann
- Institute for Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Elisa Heidenfels
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Van Nguyen-Dinh
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute for Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Herker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,.
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2
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Haid S, Matthaei A, Winkler M, Sake SM, Gunesch AP, Milke V, Köhler NM, Rückert J, Vieyres G, Kühl D, Nguyen TT, Göhl M, Lasswitz L, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Brogden G, Gerold G, Wiegmann B, Bilitewski U, Brown RJP, Brönstrup M, Schulz TF, Pietschmann T. Repurposing screen identifies novel candidates for broad-spectrum coronavirus antivirals and druggable host targets. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0121023. [PMID: 38319076 PMCID: PMC10916382 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01210-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Libraries composed of licensed drugs represent a vast repertoire of molecules modulating physiological processes in humans, providing unique opportunities for the discovery of host-targeting antivirals. We screened the Repurposing, Focused Rescue, and Accelerated Medchem (ReFRAME) repurposing library with approximately 12,000 molecules for broad-spectrum coronavirus antivirals and discovered 134 compounds inhibiting an alphacoronavirus and mapping to 58 molecular target categories. Dominant targets included the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor, the dopamine receptor, and cyclin-dependent kinases. Gene knock-out of the drugs' host targets including cathepsin B and L (CTSB/L; VBY-825), the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR; Phortress), the farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1; P-3622), and the kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1; Omaveloxolone), significantly modulated HCoV-229E infection, providing evidence that these compounds inhibited the virus through acting on their respective host targets. Counter-screening of all 134 primary compound candidates with SARS-CoV-2 and validation in primary cells identified Phortress, an AHR activating ligand, P-3622-targeting FDFT1, and Omaveloxolone, which activates the NFE2-like bZIP transcription factor 2 (NFE2L2) by liberating it from its endogenous inhibitor KEAP1, as antiviral candidates for both an Alpha- and a Betacoronavirus. This study provides an overview of HCoV-229E repurposing candidates and reveals novel potentially druggable viral host dependency factors hijacked by diverse coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Haid
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alina Matthaei
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melina Winkler
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja M. Sake
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonia P. Gunesch
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Milke
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalie M. Köhler
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Rückert
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabrielle Vieyres
- Junior Research Group “Cell Biology of RNA Viruses”, Leibniz Institute of Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Integrative Analysis of Pathogen-Induced Compartments, Leibniz ScienceCampus InterACt, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Kühl
- Junior Research Group “Cell Biology of RNA Viruses”, Leibniz Institute of Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tu-Trinh Nguyen
- Calibr, a Division of The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthias Göhl
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lisa Lasswitz
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Francisco J. Zapatero-Belinchón
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Graham Brogden
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, 901 87 Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), 901 87 Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Wiegmann
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- BREATH (Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Richard J. P. Brown
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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3
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Matthaei A, Joecks S, Frauenstein A, Bruening J, Bankwitz D, Friesland M, Gerold G, Vieyres G, Kaderali L, Meissner F, Pietschmann T. Landscape of protein-protein interactions during hepatitis C virus assembly and release. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0256222. [PMID: 38230952 PMCID: PMC10846047 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02562-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Assembly of infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles requires multiple cellular proteins including for instance apolipoprotein E (ApoE). To describe these protein-protein interactions, we performed an affinity purification mass spectrometry screen of HCV-infected cells. We used functional viral constructs with epitope-tagged envelope protein 2 (E2), protein (p) 7, or nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) as well as cells expressing a tagged variant of ApoE. We also evaluated assembly stage-dependent remodeling of protein complexes by using viral mutants carrying point mutations abrogating particle production at distinct steps of the HCV particle production cascade. Five ApoE binding proteins, 12 p7 binders, 7 primary E2 interactors, and 24 proteins interacting with NS4B were detected. Cell-derived PREB, STT3B, and SPCS2 as well as viral NS2 interacted with both p7 and E2. Only GTF3C3 interacted with E2 and NS4B, highlighting that HCV assembly and replication complexes exhibit largely distinct interactomes. An HCV core protein mutation, preventing core protein decoration of lipid droplets, profoundly altered the E2 interactome. In cells replicating this mutant, E2 interactions with HSPA5, STT3A/B, RAD23A/B, and ZNF860 were significantly enhanced, suggesting that E2 protein interactions partly depend on core protein functions. Bioinformatic and functional studies including STRING network analyses, RNA interference, and ectopic expression support a role of Rad23A and Rad23B in facilitating HCV infectious virus production. Both Rad23A and Rad23B are involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Collectively, our results provide a map of host proteins interacting with HCV assembly proteins, and they give evidence for the involvement of ER protein folding machineries and the ERAD pathway in the late stages of the HCV replication cycle.IMPORTANCEHepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes chronic infections in the majority of exposed individuals. This capacity likely depends on viral immune evasion strategies. One feature likely contributing to persistence is the formation of so-called lipo-viro particles. These peculiar virions consist of viral structural proteins and cellular lipids and lipoproteins, the latter of which aid in viral attachment and cell entry and likely antibody escape. To learn about how lipo-viro particles are coined, here, we provide a comprehensive overview of protein-protein interactions in virus-producing cells. We identify numerous novel and specific HCV E2, p7, and cellular apolipoprotein E-interacting proteins. Pathway analyses of these interactors show that proteins participating in processes such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein folding, ER-associated protein degradation, and glycosylation are heavily engaged in virus production. Moreover, we find that the proteome of HCV replication sites is distinct from the assembly proteome, suggesting that transport process likely shuttles viral RNA to assembly sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Matthaei
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Sebastian Joecks
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Annika Frauenstein
- RG Experimental Systems Immunology, Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Planegg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Janina Bruening
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Dorothea Bankwitz
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Martina Friesland
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gabrielle Vieyres
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Junior Research Group “Cell Biology of RNA Viruses,” Leibniz Institute of Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Meissner
- RG Experimental Systems Immunology, Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Planegg, Bavaria, Germany
- Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
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4
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Passos V, Henkel LM, Wang J, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Möller R, Sun G, Waltl I, Schneider T, Wachs A, Ritter B, Kropp KA, Zhu S, Deleidi M, Kalinke U, Schulz TF, Höglinger G, Gerold G, Wegner F, Viejo-Borbolla A. Innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection contributes to neuronal damage in human iPSC-derived peripheral neurons. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29455. [PMID: 38323709 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes neurological disease in the peripheral and central nervous system (PNS and CNS, respectively) of some patients. It is not clear whether SARS-CoV-2 infection or the subsequent immune response are the key factors that cause neurological disease. Here, we addressed this question by infecting human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CNS and PNS neurons with SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 infected a low number of CNS neurons and did not elicit a robust innate immune response. On the contrary, SARS-CoV-2 infected a higher number of PNS neurons. This resulted in expression of interferon (IFN) λ1, several IFN-stimulated genes and proinflammatory cytokines. The PNS neurons also displayed alterations characteristic of neuronal damage, as increased levels of sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin receptor motif-containing protein 1, amyloid precursor protein and α-synuclein, and lower levels of cytoskeletal proteins. Interestingly, blockade of the Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway by Ruxolitinib did not increase SARS-CoV-2 infection, but reduced neuronal damage, suggesting that an exacerbated neuronal innate immune response contributes to pathogenesis in the PNS. Our results provide a basis to study coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related neuronal pathology and to test future preventive or therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Passos
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa M Henkel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Francisco J Zapatero-Belinchón
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Möller
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guorong Sun
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inken Waltl
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Talia Schneider
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amelie Wachs
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Ritter
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai A Kropp
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shuyong Zhu
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michela Deleidi
- Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abel Viejo-Borbolla
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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5
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Victoria C, Schulz G, Klöhn M, Weber S, Holicki CM, Brüggemann Y, Becker M, Gerold G, Eiden M, Groschup MH, Steinmann E, Kirschning A. Halogenated Rocaglate Derivatives: Pan-antiviral Agents against Hepatitis E Virus and Emerging Viruses. J Med Chem 2024; 67:289-321. [PMID: 38127656 PMCID: PMC10788925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a library of halogenated rocaglate derivatives belonging to the flavagline class of natural products, of which silvestrol is the most prominent example, is reported. Their antiviral activity and cytotoxicity profile against a wide range of pathogenic viruses, including hepatitis E, Chikungunya, Rift Valley Fever virus and SARS-CoV-2, were determined. The incorporation of halogen substituents at positions 4', 6 and 8 was shown to have a significant effect on the antiviral activity of rocaglates, some of which even showed enhanced activity compared to CR-31-B and silvestrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Victoria
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University
Hannover, Schneiderberg
1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Göran Schulz
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University
Hannover, Schneiderberg
1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mara Klöhn
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University
Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Saskia Weber
- Federal
Research Institute in Animal Health (FLI), Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Cora M. Holicki
- Federal
Research Institute in Animal Health (FLI), Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Yannick Brüggemann
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University
Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Miriam Becker
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses
(RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine
Hannover, Bünteweg
2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses
(RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine
Hannover, Bünteweg
2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Wallenberg
Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå
University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department
of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå
University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Eiden
- Federal
Research Institute in Animal Health (FLI), Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Federal
Research Institute in Animal Health (FLI), Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University
Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University
Hannover, Schneiderberg
1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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6
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Löw K, Möller R, Stegmann C, Becker M, Rehburg L, Obernolte H, Schaudien D, Oestereich L, Braun A, Kunz S, Gerold G. Luminescent reporter cells enable the identification of broad-spectrum antivirals against emerging viruses. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29211. [PMID: 37975336 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The emerging viruses SARS-CoV-2 and arenaviruses cause severe respiratory and hemorrhagic diseases, respectively. The production of infectious particles of both viruses and virus spread in tissues requires cleavage of surface glycoproteins (GPs) by host proprotein convertases (PCs). SARS-CoV-2 and arenaviruses rely on GP cleavage by PCs furin and subtilisin kexin isozyme-1/site-1 protease (SKI-1/S1P), respectively. We report improved luciferase-based reporter cell lines, named luminescent inducible proprotein convertase reporter cells that we employ to monitor PC activity in its authentic subcellular compartment. Using these sensor lines we screened a small compound library in high-throughput manner. We identified 23 FDA-approved small molecules, among them monensin which displayed broad activity against furin and SKI-1/S1P. Monensin inhibited arenaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 in a dose-dependent manner. We observed a strong reduction in infectious particle release upon monensin treatment with little effect on released genome copies. This was reflected by inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 spike processing suggesting the release of immature particles. In a proof of concept experiment using human precision cut lung slices, monensin potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection, evidenced by reduced infectious particle release. We propose that our PC sensor pipeline is a suitable tool to identify broad-spectrum antivirals with therapeutic potential to combat current and future emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Löw
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Möller
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cora Stegmann
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Miriam Becker
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Rehburg
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helena Obernolte
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases, (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) Research Network, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases, (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) Research Network, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa Oestereich
- Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infectious Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases, (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) Research Network, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Kunz
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Sweden
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7
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Carriquí-Madroñal B, Sheldon J, Duven M, Stegmann C, Cirksena K, Wyler E, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Vondran FWR, Gerold G. The matrix metalloproteinase ADAM10 supports hepatitis C virus entry and cell-to-cell spread via its sheddase activity. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011759. [PMID: 37967063 PMCID: PMC10650992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) exploits the four entry factors CD81, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI, also known as SCARB1), occludin, and claudin-1 as well as the co-factor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to infect human hepatocytes. Here, we report that the disintegrin and matrix metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) associates with CD81, SR-BI, and EGFR and acts as HCV host factor. Pharmacological inhibition, siRNA-mediated silencing and genetic ablation of ADAM10 reduced HCV infection. ADAM10 was dispensable for HCV replication but supported HCV entry and cell-to-cell spread. Substrates of the ADAM10 sheddase including epidermal growth factor (EGF) and E-cadherin, which activate EGFR family members, rescued HCV infection of ADAM10 knockout cells. ADAM10 did not influence infection with other enveloped RNA viruses such as alphaviruses and a common cold coronavirus. Collectively, our study reveals a critical role for the sheddase ADAM10 as a HCV host factor, contributing to EGFR family member transactivation and as a consequence to HCV uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Carriquí-Madroñal
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Julie Sheldon
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mara Duven
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Cora Stegmann
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Karsten Cirksena
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Francisco J. Zapatero-Belinchón
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Florian W. R. Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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8
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Becker M, Conca DV, Dorma N, Mistry N, Hahlin E, Frängsmyr L, Bally M, Arnberg N, Gerold G. Efficient clathrin-mediated entry of enteric adenoviruses in human duodenal cells. J Virol 2023; 97:e0077023. [PMID: 37823645 PMCID: PMC10617564 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00770-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Enteric adenoviruses have historically been difficult to grow in cell culture, which has resulted in lack of knowledge of host factors and pathways required for infection of these medically relevant viruses. Previous studies in non-intestinal cell lines showed slow infection kinetics and generated comparatively low virus yields compared to other adenovirus types. We suggest duodenum-derived HuTu80 cells as a superior cell line for studies to complement efforts using complex intestinal tissue models. We show that viral host cell factors required for virus entry differ between cell lines from distinct origins and demonstrate the importance of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Becker
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dario Valter Conca
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Noemi Dorma
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nitesh Mistry
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Hahlin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Frängsmyr
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marta Bally
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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9
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Carriquí-Madroñal B, Lasswitz L, von Hahn T, Gerold G. Genetic and pharmacological perturbation of hepatitis-C virus entry. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 62:101362. [PMID: 37678113 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis-C virus (HCV) chronically infects 58 million individuals worldwide with variable disease outcome. While a subfraction of individuals exposed to the virus clear the infection, the majority develop chronic infection if untreated. Another subfraction of chronically ill proceeds to severe liver disease. The underlying causes of this interindividual variability include genetic polymorphisms in interferon genes. Here, we review available data on the influence of genetic or pharmacological perturbation of HCV host dependency factors on the clinically observed interindividual differences in disease outcome. We focus on host factors mediating virus entry into human liver cells. We assess available data on genetic variants of the major entry factors scavenger receptor class-B type I, CD81, claudin-1, and occludin as well as pharmacological perturbation of these entry factors. We review cell culture experimental and clinical cohort study data and conclude that entry factor perturbation may contribute to disease outcome of hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Carriquí-Madroñal
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany; Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Lisa Lasswitz
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany; Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas von Hahn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Interventional Endoscopy, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University, Campus Hamburg, 22307 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany; Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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10
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Mhlekude B, Postmus D, Stenzel S, Weiner J, Jansen J, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Olmer R, Richter A, Heinze J, Heinemann N, Mühlemann B, Schroeder S, Jones TC, Müller MA, Drosten C, Pich A, Thiel V, Martin U, Niemeyer D, Gerold G, Beule D, Goffinet C. Pharmacological inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins induces an NRF-2-mediated antiviral state that is subverted by SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011657. [PMID: 37747932 PMCID: PMC10629670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins (iBETs), including JQ-1, have been suggested as potential prophylactics against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, molecular mechanisms underlying JQ-1-mediated antiviral activity and its susceptibility to viral subversion remain incompletely understood. Pretreatment of cells with iBETs inhibited infection by SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-CoV, but not MERS-CoV. The antiviral activity manifested itself by reduced reporter expression of recombinant viruses, and reduced viral RNA quantities and infectious titers in the culture supernatant. While we confirmed JQ-1-mediated downregulation of expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), multi-omics analysis addressing the chromatin accessibility, transcriptome and proteome uncovered induction of an antiviral nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF-2)-mediated cytoprotective response as an additional mechanism through which JQ-1 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication. Pharmacological inhibition of NRF-2, and knockdown of NRF-2 and its target genes reduced JQ-1-mediated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Serial passaging of SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of JQ-1 resulted in predominance of ORF6-deficient variant, which exhibited resistance to JQ-1 and increased sensitivity to exogenously administered type I interferon (IFN-I), suggesting a minimised need for SARS-CoV-2 ORF6-mediated repression of IFN signalling in the presence of JQ-1. Importantly, JQ-1 exhibited a transient antiviral activity when administered prophylactically in human airway bronchial epithelial cells (hBAECs), which was gradually subverted by SARS-CoV-2, and no antiviral activity when administered therapeutically following an established infection. We propose that JQ-1 exerts pleiotropic effects that collectively induce an antiviral state in the host, which is ultimately nullified by SARS-CoV-2 infection, raising questions about the clinical suitability of the iBETs in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baxolele Mhlekude
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Virology and Innate Immunity Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dylan Postmus
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Stenzel
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - January Weiner
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Jansen
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francisco J. Zapatero-Belinchón
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH—Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Richter
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Heinze
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Heinemann
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Mühlemann
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Schroeder
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Terry C. Jones
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel A. Müller
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pich
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Core Facility Proteomics, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH—Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dieter Beule
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool United Kingdom
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11
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Li D, Bühler M, Runft S, Gerold G, Marek K, Baumgärtner W, Strowig T, Gerhauser I. ASC- and caspase-1-deficient C57BL/6 mice do not develop demyelinating disease after infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10960. [PMID: 37414913 PMCID: PMC10326010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) induces an acute polioencephalomyelitis and a chronic demyelinating leukomyelitis in SJL mice. C57BL/6 (B6) mice generally do not develop TMEV-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) due to virus elimination. However, TMEV can persist in specific immunodeficient B6 mice such as IFNβ-/- mice and induce a demyelinating process. The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 are activated by the inflammasome pathway, which consists of a pattern recognition receptor molecule sensing microbial pathogens, the adaptor molecule Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and the executioner caspase-1. To analyze the contribution of the inflammasome pathway to the resistance of B6 mice to TMEV-IDD, ASC- and caspase-1-deficient mice and wild type littermates were infected with TMEV and investigated using histology, immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and Western Blot. Despite the antiviral activity of the inflammasome pathway, ASC- and caspase-1-deficient mice eliminated the virus and did not develop TMEV-IDD. Moreover, a similar IFNβ and cytokine gene expression was found in the brain of immunodeficient mice and their wild type littermates. Most importantly, Western Blot showed cleavage of IL-1β and IL-18 in all investigated mice. Consequently, inflammasome-dependent activation of IL-1β and IL-18 does not play a major role in the resistance of B6 mice to TMEV-IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Bühler
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Runft
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Marek
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department for Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingo Gerhauser
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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12
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Marek K, Armando F, Asawapattanakul T, Nippold VM, Plattet P, Gerold G, Baumgärtner W, Puff C. Functional Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Delivered by Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cells Persistently Infected with Engineered Attenuated Canine Distemper Virus. Pathogens 2023; 12:877. [PMID: 37513724 PMCID: PMC10385001 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response plays a key role in the treatment of malignant tumors. One important molecule promoting humoral and cellular immunity is granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Numerous successful trials have led to the approval of this immune-stimulating molecule for cancer therapy. However, besides immune stimulation, GM-CSF may also accelerate tumor cell proliferation, rendering this molecule a double-edged sword in cancer treatment. Therefore, detailed knowledge about the in vitro function of GM-CSF produced by infected tumor cells is urgently needed prior to investigations in an in vivo model. The aim of the present study was to functionally characterize a persistent infection of canine histiocytic sarcoma cells (DH82 cells) with the canine distemper virus strain Onderstepoort genetically engineered to express canine GM-CSF (CDV-Ondneon-GM-CSF). The investigations aimed (1) to prove the overall functionality of the virally induced production of GM-CSF and (2) to determine the effect of GM-CSF on the proliferation and motility of canine HS cells. Infected cells consistently produced high amounts of active, pH-stable GM-CSF, as demonstrated by increased proliferation of HeLa cells. By contrast, DH82 cells lacked increased proliferation and motility. The significantly increased secretion of GM-CSF by persistently CDV-Ondneon-GM-CSF-infected DH82 cells, the pH stability of this protein, and the lack of detrimental effects on DH82 cells renders this virus strain an interesting candidate for future studies aiming to enhance the oncolytic properties of CDV for the treatment of canine histiocytic sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marek
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thanaporn Asawapattanakul
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Maria Nippold
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Philippe Plattet
- Division of Experimental Clinical Research, Vetsuisse University Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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13
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Marek K, Armando F, Nippold VM, Rohn K, Plattet P, Brogden G, Gerold G, Baumgärtner W, Puff C. Persistent Infection of a Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cell Line with Attenuated Canine Distemper Virus Expressing Vasostatin or Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116156. [PMID: 35682834 PMCID: PMC9181094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) represents a neoplasia with poor prognosis. Due to the high metastatic rate of HS, there is urgency to improve treatment options and to prevent tumor metastases. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA (ssRNA (-)) virus with potentially oncolytic properties. Moreover, vasostatin and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are attractive molecules in cancer therapy research because of their anti-angiogenetic properties and potential modulation of the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, an in vitro characterization of two genetically engineered viruses based on the CDV strain Onderstepoort (CDV-Ond), CDV-Ondneon-vasostatin and CDV-Ondneon-GM-CSF was performed. Canine histiocytic sarcoma cells (DH82 cells) were persistently infected with CDV-Ond, CDV-Ondneon, CDV-Ondneon-vasostatin and CDV-Ondneon-GM-CSF and characterized on a molecular and protein level regarding their vasostatin and GM-CSF production. Interestingly, DH82 cells persistently infected with CDV-Ondneon-vasostatin showed a significantly increased number of vasostatin mRNA transcripts. Similarly, DH82 cells persistently infected with CDV-Ondneon-GM-CSF displayed an increased number of GM-CSF mRNA transcripts mirrored on the protein level as confirmed by immunofluorescence and Western blot. In summary, modified CDV-Ond strains expressed GM-CSF and vasostatin, rendering them promising candidates for the improvement of oncolytic virotherapies, which should be further detailed in future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marek
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.M.); (F.A.); (V.M.N.); (C.P.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.M.); (F.A.); (V.M.N.); (C.P.)
| | - Vanessa Maria Nippold
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.M.); (F.A.); (V.M.N.); (C.P.)
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Philippe Plattet
- Division of Experimental Clinical Research, Vetsuisse University Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Graham Brogden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (G.G.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (G.G.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.M.); (F.A.); (V.M.N.); (C.P.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.M.); (F.A.); (V.M.N.); (C.P.)
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14
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Marek K, Pfankuche V, Plattet P, Armando F, Brogden G, Gerold G, Baumgärtner W, Puff C. In Vitro Characterization of Two New Genetically Modified Potentially Oncolytic Viruses Derived From CDV-Onderstepoort: CDV-Ond-Vasostatin and CDV-Ond-GM-CSF: Preliminary Results. J Comp Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Moeller R, Lasswitz L, van Ham M, Becker M, Brogden G, Rosendal E, Bi W, Carriquí-Madroñal B, Islam K, Lenman A, Gunesch AP, Kirui J, Pietschmann T, Överby AK, Jänsch L, Gerold G. Fluvastatin mitigates SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung cells. iScience 2021; 24:103469. [PMID: 34812415 PMCID: PMC8599137 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical data of patients suffering from COVID-19 indicates that statin therapy, used to treat hypercholesterolemia, is associated with a better disease outcome. Whether statins directly affect virus replication or influence the clinical outcome through modulation of immune responses is unknown. We therefore investigated the effect of statins on SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung cells and found that only fluvastatin inhibited low and high pathogenic coronaviruses in vitro and ex vivo in a dose-dependent manner. Quantitative proteomics revealed that fluvastatin and other tested statins modulated the cholesterol synthesis pathway without altering innate antiviral immune responses in infected lung epithelial cells. However, fluvastatin treatment specifically downregulated proteins that modulate protein translation and viral replication. Collectively, these results support the notion that statin therapy poses no additional risk to individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and that fluvastatin has a moderate beneficial effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection of human lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Zapatero-Belinchón
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Moeller
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa Lasswitz
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marco van Ham
- Cellular Proteome Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Miriam Becker
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Graham Brogden
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ebba Rosendal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), R893+F4 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wenjie Bi
- Cellular Proteome Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Belén Carriquí-Madroñal
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Koushikul Islam
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annasara Lenman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Antonia P. Gunesch
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jared Kirui
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna K. Överby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), R893+F4 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Cellular Proteome Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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Malik MNH, Waqas SFH, Zeitvogel J, Cheng J, Geffers R, Gouda ZAE, Elsaman AM, Radwan AR, Schefzyk M, Braubach P, Auber B, Olmer R, Müsken M, Roesner LM, Gerold G, Schuchardt S, Merkert S, Martin U, Meissner F, Werfel T, Pessler F. Congenital deficiency reveals critical role of ISG15 in skin homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:141573. [PMID: 34847081 PMCID: PMC8803340 DOI: 10.1172/jci141573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerating skin lesions are manifestations of human ISG15 deficiency, a type I interferonopathy. However, chronic inflammation may not be their exclusive cause. We describe two siblings with recurrent skin ulcers that healed with scar formation upon corticosteroid treatment. Both had a homozygous nonsense mutation in the ISG15 gene, leading to unstable ISG15 protein lacking the functional domain. We characterized ISG15–/– dermal fibroblasts, HaCaT keratinocytes, and human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived vascular endothelial cells. ISG15-deficient cells exhibited the expected hyperinflammatory phenotype, but also dysregulated expression of molecules critical for connective tissue and epidermis integrity, including reduced collagens and adhesion molecules, but increased matrix metalloproteinases. ISG15–/– fibroblasts exhibited elevated ROS levels and reduced ROS scavenger expression. As opposed to hyperinflammation, defective collagen and integrin synthesis was not rescued by conjugation-deficient ISG15. Cell migration was retarded in ISG15–/– fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes, but normalized under ruxolitinib treatment. Desmosome density was reduced in an ISG15–/– 3D epidermis model. Additionally, there were loose architecture and reduced collagen and desmoglein expression, which could be reversed by treatment with ruxolitinib/doxycycline/TGF-β1. These results reveal critical roles of ISG15 in maintaining cell migration and epidermis and connective tissue homeostasis, whereby the latter likely requires its conjugation to yet unidentified targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nasir Hayat Malik
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Hannover, Germany
| | - Syed F Hassnain Waqas
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Zeitvogel
- Institute for Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jingyuan Cheng
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Ahmed R Radwan
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Matthias Schefzyk
- Institute for Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Auber
- Institute for Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- LEBAO, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lennart M Roesner
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Schuchardt
- Department of Bio and Environmental Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Martin
- LEBAO, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Meissner
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Pessler
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Hannover, Germany
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17
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Dong TN, Brogden G, Gerold G, Khosla M. A multitask transfer learning framework for the prediction of virus-human protein-protein interactions. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:572. [PMID: 34837942 PMCID: PMC8626732 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infections are causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the interaction patterns between a particular virus and human proteins plays a crucial role in unveiling the underlying mechanism of viral infection and pathogenesis. This could further help in prevention and treatment of virus-related diseases. However, the task of predicting protein-protein interactions between a new virus and human cells is extremely challenging due to scarce data on virus-human interactions and fast mutation rates of most viruses. RESULTS We developed a multitask transfer learning approach that exploits the information of around 24 million protein sequences and the interaction patterns from the human interactome to counter the problem of small training datasets. Instead of using hand-crafted protein features, we utilize statistically rich protein representations learned by a deep language modeling approach from a massive source of protein sequences. Additionally, we employ an additional objective which aims to maximize the probability of observing human protein-protein interactions. This additional task objective acts as a regularizer and also allows to incorporate domain knowledge to inform the virus-human protein-protein interaction prediction model. CONCLUSIONS Our approach achieved competitive results on 13 benchmark datasets and the case study for the SARS-COV-2 virus receptor. Experimental results show that our proposed model works effectively for both virus-human and bacteria-human protein-protein interaction prediction tasks. We share our code for reproducibility and future research at https://git.l3s.uni-hannover.de/dong/multitask-transfer .
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngan Dong
- L3S Research Center, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Graham Brogden
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Megha Khosla
- L3S Research Center, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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18
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Nicolay W, Moeller R, Kahl S, Vondran FWR, Pietschmann T, Kunz S, Gerold G. Characterization of RNA Sensing Pathways in Hepatoma Cell Lines and Primary Human Hepatocytes. Cells 2021; 10:3019. [PMID: 34831243 PMCID: PMC8616302 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is targeted by several human pathogenic RNA viruses for viral replication and dissemination; despite this, the extent of innate immune sensing of RNA viruses by human hepatocytes is insufficiently understood to date. In particular, for highly human tropic viruses such as hepatitis C virus, cell culture models are needed to study immune sensing. However, several human hepatoma cell lines have impaired RNA sensing pathways and fail to mimic innate immune responses in the human liver. Here we compare the RNA sensing properties of six human hepatoma cell lines, namely Huh-6, Huh-7, HepG2, HepG2-HFL, Hep3B, and HepaRG, with primary human hepatocytes. We show that primary liver cells sense RNA through retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) like receptor (RLR) and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) pathways. Of the tested cell lines, Hep3B cells most closely mimicked the RLR and TLR3 mediated sensing in primary hepatocytes. This was shown by the expression of RLRs and TLR3 as well as the expression and release of bioactive interferon in primary hepatocytes and Hep3B cells. Our work shows that Hep3B cells partially mimic RNA sensing in primary hepatocytes and thus can serve as in vitro model to study innate immunity to RNA viruses in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Nicolay
- TWINCORE—Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute for Experimental Virology, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (W.N.); (R.M.); (S.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Rebecca Moeller
- TWINCORE—Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute for Experimental Virology, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (W.N.); (R.M.); (S.K.); (T.P.)
- Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Institute of Biochemistry & Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sina Kahl
- TWINCORE—Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute for Experimental Virology, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (W.N.); (R.M.); (S.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Florian W. R. Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 30100 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- TWINCORE—Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute for Experimental Virology, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (W.N.); (R.M.); (S.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Stefan Kunz
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Gisa Gerold
- TWINCORE—Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute for Experimental Virology, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (W.N.); (R.M.); (S.K.); (T.P.)
- Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Institute of Biochemistry & Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
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Mhlekude B, Lenman A, Sidoyi P, Joseph J, Kruppa J, Businge CB, Mdaka ML, Konietschke F, Pich A, Gerold G, Goffinet C, Mall AS. The barrier functions of crude cervical mucus plugs against HIV-1 infection in the context of cell-free and cell-to-cell transmission. AIDS 2021; 35:2105-2117. [PMID: 34155151 PMCID: PMC8505157 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cervical mucus plugs are enriched with proteins of known immunological functions. We aimed to characterize the anti-HIV-1 activity of the cervical mucus plugs against a panel of different HIV-1 strains in the contexts of cell-free and cell-associated virus. DESIGN A cohort of consenting HIV-1-negative and HIV-1-positive pregnant women in labour was recruited from Mthatha General Hospital in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, from whom the cervical mucus plugs were collected in 6 M guanidinium chloride with protease inhibitors and transported to our laboratories at -80 °C. METHODS Samples were centrifuged to remove insoluble material and dialysed before freeze--drying and subjecting them to the cell viability assays. The antiviral activities of the samples were studied using luminometric reporter assays and flow cytometry. Time-of-addition and BlaM-Vpr virus-cell fusion assays were used to pin-point the antiviral mechanisms of the cervical mucus plugs, before proteomic profiling using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The proteinaceous fraction of the cervical mucus plugs exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity with inter-individual variations and some degree of specificity among different HIV-1 strains. Cell-associated HIV-1 was less susceptible to inhibition by the potent samples whenever compared with the cell-free HIV-1. The samples with high antiviral potency exhibited a distinct proteomic profile when compared with the less potent samples. CONCLUSION The crude cervical mucus plugs exhibit anti-HIV-1 activity, which is defined by a specific proteomic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baxolele Mhlekude
- University of Cape Town, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Institute of Experimental Virology, Hannover
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology, Charité Campus Mitte
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annasara Lenman
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Institute of Experimental Virology, Hannover
| | - Phikolomzi Sidoyi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Jim Joseph
- Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Jochen Kruppa
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biometrie und Klinische Epidemiologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mana Lungisa Mdaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Walter Sisulu University/Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital
| | - Frank Konietschke
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biometrie und Klinische Epidemiologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pich
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Toxicology, Core Facility Proteomics, Hannover
| | - Gisa Gerold
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Institute of Experimental Virology, Hannover
- Umeå University, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Institute of Experimental Virology, Hannover
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology, Charité Campus Mitte
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anwar Suleman Mall
- University of Cape Town, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
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20
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Krüger N, Rocha C, Runft S, Krüger J, Färber I, Armando F, Leitzen E, Brogden G, Gerold G, Pöhlmann S, Hoffmann M, Baumgärtner W. The Upper Respiratory Tract of Felids Is Highly Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10636. [PMID: 34638978 PMCID: PMC8508926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural or experimental infection of domestic cats and virus transmission from humans to captive predatory cats suggest that felids are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it is unclear which cells and compartments of the respiratory tract are infected. To address this question, primary cell cultures derived from the nose, trachea, and lungs of cat and lion were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. Strong viral replication was observed for nasal mucosa explants and tracheal air-liquid interface cultures, whereas replication in lung slices was less efficient. Infection was mainly restricted to epithelial cells and did not cause major pathological changes. Detection of high ACE2 levels in the nose and trachea but not lung further suggests that susceptibility of feline tissues to SARS-CoV-2 correlates with ACE2 expression. Collectively, this study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 can efficiently replicate in the feline upper respiratory tract ex vivo and thus highlights the risk of SARS-CoV-2 spillover from humans to felids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Krüger
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (C.R.); (S.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Cheila Rocha
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (C.R.); (S.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Sandra Runft
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (S.R.); (J.K.); (I.F.); (F.A.); (E.L.); (W.B.)
| | - Johannes Krüger
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (S.R.); (J.K.); (I.F.); (F.A.); (E.L.); (W.B.)
| | - Iris Färber
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (S.R.); (J.K.); (I.F.); (F.A.); (E.L.); (W.B.)
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (S.R.); (J.K.); (I.F.); (F.A.); (E.L.); (W.B.)
| | - Eva Leitzen
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (S.R.); (J.K.); (I.F.); (F.A.); (E.L.); (W.B.)
| | - Graham Brogden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (G.G.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (G.G.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (C.R.); (S.P.); (M.H.)
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (C.R.); (S.P.); (M.H.)
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (S.R.); (J.K.); (I.F.); (F.A.); (E.L.); (W.B.)
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21
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Ricke-Hoch M, Stelling E, Lasswitz L, Gunesch AP, Kasten M, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Brogden G, Gerold G, Pietschmann T, Montiel V, Balligand JL, Facciotti F, Hirsch E, Gausepohl T, Elbahesh H, Rimmelzwaan GF, Höfer A, Kühnel MP, Jonigk D, Eigendorf J, Tegtbur U, Mink L, Scherr M, Illig T, Schambach A, Pfeffer TJ, Hilfiker A, Haverich A, Hilfiker-Kleiner D. Impaired immune response mediated by prostaglandin E2 promotes severe COVID-19 disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255335. [PMID: 34347801 PMCID: PMC8336874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has led to a pandemic with millions of people affected. The present study finds that risk-factors for severe COVID-19 disease courses, i.e. male sex, older age and sedentary life style are associated with higher prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) serum levels in blood samples from unaffected subjects. In COVID-19 patients, PGE2 blood levels are markedly elevated and correlate positively with disease severity. SARS-CoV-2 induces PGE2 generation and secretion in infected lung epithelial cells by upregulating cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 and reducing the PG-degrading enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin-dehydrogenase. Also living human precision cut lung slices (PCLS) infected with SARS-CoV-2 display upregulated COX-2. Regular exercise in aged individuals lowers PGE2 serum levels, which leads to increased Paired-Box-Protein-Pax-5 (PAX5) expression, a master regulator of B-cell survival, proliferation and differentiation also towards long lived memory B-cells, in human pre-B-cell lines. Moreover, PGE2 levels in serum of COVID-19 patients lowers the expression of PAX5 in human pre-B-cell lines. The PGE2 inhibitor Taxifolin reduces SARS-CoV-2-induced PGE2 production. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2, male sex, old age, and sedentary life style increase PGE2 levels, which may reduce the early anti-viral defense as well as the development of immunity promoting severe disease courses and multiple infections. Regular exercise and Taxifolin treatment may reduce these risks and prevent severe disease courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ricke-Hoch
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Stelling
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Lisa Lasswitz
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Antonia P Gunesch
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hanover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Martina Kasten
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Francisco J Zapatero-Belinchón
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Graham Brogden
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hanover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Virginie Montiel
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Thomas Gausepohl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Höfer
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hanover, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mark P Kühnel
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hanover, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hanover, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Julian Eigendorf
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Uwe Tegtbur
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Lena Mink
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Michaela Scherr
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank (HUB), Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Tobias J Pfeffer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Andres Hilfiker
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Complications of Oncologic Therapies, Medical Faculty of the Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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22
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Kirui J, Abidine Y, Lenman A, Islam K, Gwon YD, Lasswitz L, Evander M, Bally M, Gerold G. The Phosphatidylserine Receptor TIM-1 Enhances Authentic Chikungunya Virus Cell Entry. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071828. [PMID: 34359995 PMCID: PMC8303237 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging, mosquito-transmitted, enveloped positive stranded RNA virus. Chikungunya fever is characterized by acute and chronic debilitating arthritis. Although multiple host factors have been shown to enhance CHIKV infection, the molecular mechanisms of cell entry and entry factors remain poorly understood. The phosphatidylserine-dependent receptors, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) and Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (Axl), are transmembrane proteins that can serve as entry factors for enveloped viruses. Previous studies used pseudoviruses to delineate the role of TIM-1 and Axl in CHIKV entry. Conversely, here, we use the authentic CHIKV and cells ectopically expressing TIM-1 or Axl and demonstrate a role for TIM-1 in CHIKV infection. To further characterize TIM-1-dependent CHIKV infection, we generated cells expressing domain mutants of TIM-1. We show that point mutations in the phosphatidylserine binding site of TIM-1 lead to reduced cell binding, entry, and infection of CHIKV. Ectopic expression of TIM-1 renders immortalized keratinocytes permissive to CHIKV, whereas silencing of endogenously expressed TIM-1 in human hepatoma cells reduces CHIKV infection. Altogether, our findings indicate that, unlike Axl, TIM-1 readily promotes the productive entry of authentic CHIKV into target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Kirui
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, TWINCORE, Institute for Experimental Virology, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.K.); (A.L.); (L.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yara Abidine
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.A.); (K.I.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annasara Lenman
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, TWINCORE, Institute for Experimental Virology, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.K.); (A.L.); (L.L.)
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.A.); (K.I.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
| | - Koushikul Islam
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.A.); (K.I.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
| | - Yong-Dae Gwon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.A.); (K.I.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
| | - Lisa Lasswitz
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, TWINCORE, Institute for Experimental Virology, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.K.); (A.L.); (L.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.A.); (K.I.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
| | - Marta Bally
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.A.); (K.I.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, TWINCORE, Institute for Experimental Virology, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.K.); (A.L.); (L.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.A.); (K.I.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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23
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Abstract
Cellular compartmentalization of proteins and protein complex formation allow cells to tightly control biological processes. Therefore, understanding the subcellular localization and interactions of a specific protein is crucial to uncover its biological function. The advent of proximity labeling (PL) has reshaped cellular proteomics in infection biology. PL utilizes a genetically modified enzyme that generates a "labeling cloud" by covalently labeling proteins in close proximity to the enzyme. Fusion of a PL enzyme to a specific antibody or a "bait" protein of interest in combination with affinity enrichment mass spectrometry (AE-MS) enables the isolation and identification of the cellular proximity proteome, or proxisome. This powerful methodology has been paramount for the mapping of membrane or membraneless organelles as well as for the understanding of hard-to-purify protein complexes, such as those of transmembrane proteins. Unsurprisingly, more and more infection biology research groups have recognized the potential of PL for the identification of host-pathogen interactions. In this chapter, we introduce the enzymes commonly used for PL labeling as well as recent promising advancements and summarize the major achievements in organelle mapping and nucleic acid PL. Moreover, we comprehensively describe the research on host-pathogen interactions using PL, giving special attention to studies in the field of virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Zapatero-Belinchón
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Belén Carriquí-Madroñal
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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24
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Moreno H, Rastrojo A, Pryce R, Fedeli C, Zimmer G, Bowden TA, Gerold G, Kunz S. A novel circulating tamiami mammarenavirus shows potential for zoonotic spillover. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0009004. [PMID: 33370288 PMCID: PMC7794035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying the capacity of a virus to break the species barrier is crucial for pathogen surveillance and control. New World (NW) mammarenaviruses constitute a diverse group of rodent-borne pathogens that includes several causative agents of severe viral hemorrhagic fever in humans. The ability of the NW mammarenaviral attachment glycoprotein (GP) to utilize human transferrin receptor 1 (hTfR1) as a primary entry receptor plays a key role in dictating zoonotic potential. The recent isolation of Tacaribe and lymphocytic choriominingitis mammarenaviruses from host-seeking ticks provided evidence for the presence of mammarenaviruses in arthropods, which are established vectors for numerous other viral pathogens. Here, using next generation sequencing to search for other mammarenaviruses in ticks, we identified a novel replication-competent strain of the NW mammarenavirus Tamiami (TAMV-FL), which we found capable of utilizing hTfR1 to enter mammalian cells. During isolation through serial passaging in mammalian immunocompetent cells, the quasispecies of TAMV-FL acquired and enriched mutations leading to the amino acid changes N151K and D156N, within GP. Cell entry studies revealed that both substitutions, N151K and D156N, increased dependence of the virus on hTfR1 and binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Moreover, we show that the substituted residues likely map to the sterically constrained trimeric axis of GP, and facilitate viral fusion at a lower pH, resulting in viral egress from later endosomal compartments. In summary, we identify and characterize a naturally occurring TAMV strain (TAMV-FL) within ticks that is able to utilize hTfR1. The TAMV-FL significantly diverged from previous TAMV isolates, demonstrating that TAMV quasispecies exhibit striking genetic plasticity that may facilitate zoonotic spillover and rapid adaptation to new hosts. Mammarenaviruses include emergent pathogens responsible of severe disease in humans in zoonotic events. The ability to use the human Transferrin receptor 1 (hTfR1) strongly correlates with their pathogenicity in humans. We isolated a new infectious Tamiami virus strain (TAMV-FL) from host-seeking ticks, which, contrary to the previous rodent-derived reference strain, can use hTfR1 to enter human cells. Moreover, serial passaging of TAMV-FL in human immunocompetent cells selected for two substitutions in the viral envelope glycoprotein: N151K and D156N. These substitutions increase the ability to highjack hTfR1 and the binding capacity to heparan sulfate proteoglycans and cause delayed endosomal escape. Our findings provide insight into the acquisition of novel traits by currently circulating TAMV that increase its potential to trespass the inter-species barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Moreno
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital (IMUL-CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Alberto Rastrojo
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Genetic Unit, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rhys Pryce
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Fedeli
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital (IMUL-CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gert Zimmer
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A. Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gisa Gerold
- TWINCORE -Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute for Experimental Virology, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover Germany
| | - Stefan Kunz
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital (IMUL-CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Palor M, Stejskal L, Mandal P, Lenman A, Alberione MP, Kirui J, Moeller R, Ebner S, Meissner F, Gerold G, Shepherd AJ, Grove J. Cholesterol sensing by CD81 is important for hepatitis C virus entry. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16931-16948. [PMID: 32900848 PMCID: PMC7863897 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CD81 plays a central role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Recent structural analysis of CD81 indicates that it contains an intramembrane cholesterol-binding pocket and that interaction with cholesterol may regulate a conformational switch in the large extracellular domain of CD81. Therefore, CD81 possesses a potential cholesterol-sensing mechanism; however, its relevance for protein function is thus far unknown. In this study we investigate CD81 cholesterol sensing in the context of its activity as a receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Structure-led mutagenesis of the cholesterol-binding pocket reduced CD81-cholesterol association but had disparate effects on HCV entry, both reducing and enhancing CD81 receptor activity. We reasoned that this could be explained by alterations in the consequences of cholesterol binding. To investigate this further we performed molecular dynamic simulations of CD81 with and without cholesterol; this identified a potential allosteric mechanism by which cholesterol binding regulates the conformation of CD81. To test this, we designed further mutations to force CD81 into either the open (cholesterol-unbound) or closed (cholesterol-bound) conformation. The open mutant of CD81 exhibited reduced HCV receptor activity, whereas the closed mutant enhanced activity. These data are consistent with cholesterol sensing switching CD81 between a receptor active and inactive state. CD81 interactome analysis also suggests that conformational switching may modulate the assembly of CD81-partner protein networks. This work furthers our understanding of the molecular mechanism of CD81 cholesterol sensing, how this relates to HCV entry, and CD81's function as a molecular scaffold; these insights are relevant to CD81's varied roles in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machaela Palor
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lenka Stejskal
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Piya Mandal
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annasara Lenman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - María Pía Alberione
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jared Kirui
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Moeller
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Ebner
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Felix Meissner
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adrian J Shepherd
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Grove
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College, London, United Kingdom.
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26
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Brown RJP, Tegtmeyer B, Sheldon J, Khera T, Anggakusuma, Todt D, Vieyres G, Weller R, Joecks S, Zhang Y, Sake S, Bankwitz D, Welsch K, Ginkel C, Engelmann M, Gerold G, Steinmann E, Yuan Q, Ott M, Vondran FWR, Krey T, Ströh LJ, Miskey C, Ivics Z, Herder V, Baumgärtner W, Lauber C, Seifert M, Tarr AW, McClure CP, Randall G, Baktash Y, Ploss A, Thi VLD, Michailidis E, Saeed M, Verhoye L, Meuleman P, Goedecke N, Wirth D, Rice CM, Pietschmann T. Liver-expressed Cd302 and Cr1l limit hepatitis C virus cross-species transmission to mice. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabd3233. [PMID: 33148654 PMCID: PMC7673688 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has no animal reservoir, infecting only humans. To investigate species barrier determinants limiting infection of rodents, murine liver complementary DNA library screening was performed, identifying transmembrane proteins Cd302 and Cr1l as potent restrictors of HCV propagation. Combined ectopic expression in human hepatoma cells impeded HCV uptake and cooperatively mediated transcriptional dysregulation of a noncanonical program of immunity genes. Murine hepatocyte expression of both factors was constitutive and not interferon inducible, while differences in liver expression and the ability to restrict HCV were observed between the murine orthologs and their human counterparts. Genetic ablation of endogenous Cd302 expression in human HCV entry factor transgenic mice increased hepatocyte permissiveness for an adapted HCV strain and dysregulated expression of metabolic process and host defense genes. These findings highlight human-mouse differences in liver-intrinsic antiviral immunity and facilitate the development of next-generation murine models for preclinical testing of HCV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J P Brown
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany.
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Birthe Tegtmeyer
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julie Sheldon
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanvi Khera
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anggakusuma
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Research and Development, uniQure Biopharma, BV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Todt
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Bochum, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gabrielle Vieyres
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Romy Weller
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Joecks
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja Sake
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothea Bankwitz
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Welsch
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Corinne Ginkel
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Engelmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Qinggong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Krey
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luisa J Ströh
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Csaba Miskey
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Herder
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Chris Lauber
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Seifert
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander W Tarr
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Life Sciences and NIHR Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - C Patrick McClure
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Life Sciences and NIHR Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Glenn Randall
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yasmine Baktash
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2SysBio), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Carrer del Catedràtic Agustín Escardino 9, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Viet Loan Dao Thi
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Schaller Research Group at Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Cluster of Excellence CellNetworks, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eleftherios Michailidis
- Schaller Research Group at Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Cluster of Excellence CellNetworks, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lieven Verhoye
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Natascha Goedecke
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Division Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wirth
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Division Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Alberione MP, Moeller R, Kirui J, Ginkel C, Doepke M, Ströh LJ, Machtens JP, Pietschmann T, Gerold G. Single-nucleotide variants in human CD81 influence hepatitis C virus infection of hepatoma cells. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:499-514. [PMID: 32322956 PMCID: PMC7176029 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An estimated number of 71 million people are living with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection worldwide and 400,000 annual deaths are related to the infection. HCV entry into the hepatocytes is complex and involves several host factors. The tetraspanin human CD81 (hCD81) is one of the four essential entry factors and is composed of one large extracellular loop, one small extracellular loop, four transmembrane domains, one intracellular loop and two intracellular tails. The large extracellular loop interacts with the E2 glycoprotein of HCV. Regions outside the large extracellular loop (backbone) of hCD81 have a critical role in post-binding entry steps and determine susceptibility of hepatocytes to HCV. Here, we investigated the effect of five non-synonymous single-nucleotide variants in the backbone of hCD81 on HCV susceptibility. We generated cell lines that stably express the hCD81 variants and infected the cells using HCV pseudoparticles and cell culture-derived HCV. Our results show that all the tested hCD81 variants support HCV pseudoparticle entry with similar efficiency as wild-type hCD81. In contrast, variants A54V, V211M and M220I are less supportive to cell culture-derived HCV infection. This altered susceptibility is HCV genotype dependent and specifically affected the cell entry step. Our findings identify three hCD81 genetic variants that are impaired in their function as HCV host factors for specific viral genotypes. This study provides additional evidence that genetic host variation contributes to inter-individual differences in HCV infection and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pía Alberione
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Moeller
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jared Kirui
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Corinne Ginkel
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mandy Doepke
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luisa J Ströh
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Machtens
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1), Molekular- und Zellphysiologie, and JARA-HPC, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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28
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Gerold G, Moeller R, Pietschmann T. Hepatitis C Virus Entry: Protein Interactions and Fusion Determinants Governing Productive Hepatocyte Invasion. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a036830. [PMID: 31427285 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry is among the best-studied uptake processes for human pathogenic viruses. Uptake follows a spatially and temporally tightly controlled program. Numerous host factors including proteins, lipids, and glycans promote productive uptake of HCV particles into human liver cells. The virus initially attaches to surface proteoglycans, lipid receptors such as the scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI), and to the tetraspanin CD81. After lateral translocation of virions to tight junctions, claudin-1 (CLDN1) and occludin (OCLN) are essential for entry. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis engulfs HCV particles, which fuse with endosomal membranes after pH drop. Uncoating of the viral RNA genome in the cytoplasm completes the entry process. Here we systematically review and classify HCV entry factors by their mechanistic role, relevance, and level of evidence. Finally, we report on more recent knowledge on determinants of membrane fusion and close with an outlook on future implications of HCV entry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Gerold
- TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute for Experimental Virology, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Moeller
- TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute for Experimental Virology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute for Experimental Virology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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29
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Uckeley ZM, Moeller R, Kühn LI, Nilsson E, Robens C, Lasswitz L, Lindqvist R, Lenman A, Passos V, Voss Y, Sommerauer C, Kampmann M, Goffinet C, Meissner F, Överby AK, Lozach PY, Gerold G. Quantitative Proteomics of Uukuniemi Virus-host Cell Interactions Reveals GBF1 as Proviral Host Factor for Phleboviruses. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2401-2417. [PMID: 31570497 PMCID: PMC6885706 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel tick-borne phleboviruses in the Phenuiviridae family, which are highly pathogenic in humans and all closely related to Uukuniemi virus (UUKV), have recently emerged on different continents. How phleboviruses assemble, bud, and exit cells remains largely elusive. Here, we performed high-resolution, label-free mass spectrometry analysis of UUKV immunoprecipitated from cell lysates and identified 39 cellular partners interacting with the viral envelope glycoproteins. The importance of these host factors for UUKV infection was validated by silencing each host factor by RNA interference. This revealed Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (GBF1), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor resident in the Golgi, as a critical host factor required for the UUKV life cycle. An inhibitor of GBF1, Golgicide A, confirmed the role of the cellular factor in UUKV infection. We could pinpoint the GBF1 requirement to UUKV replication and particle assembly. When the investigation was extended to viruses from various positive and negative RNA viral families, we found that not only phleboviruses rely on GBF1 for infection, but also Flavi-, Corona-, Rhabdo-, and Togaviridae In contrast, silencing or blocking GBF1 did not abrogate infection by the human adenovirus serotype 5 and immunodeficiency retrovirus type 1, the replication of both requires nuclear steps. Together our results indicate that UUKV relies on GBF1 for viral replication, assembly and egress. This study also highlights the proviral activity of GBF1 in the infection by a broad range of important zoonotic RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina M Uckeley
- CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Moeller
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars I Kühn
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Claudia Robens
- CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Lasswitz
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard Lindqvist
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annasara Lenman
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vania Passos
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Yannik Voss
- CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Sommerauer
- CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Kampmann
- CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Virology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Meissner
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna K Överby
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pierre-Yves Lozach
- CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; IVPC UMR754, INRA, Univ. Lyon, EPHE, 50 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden.
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30
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Lasswitz L, Chandra N, Arnberg N, Gerold G. Glycomics and Proteomics Approaches to Investigate Early Adenovirus-Host Cell Interactions. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:1863-1882. [PMID: 29746851 PMCID: PMC7094377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses as most viruses rely on glycan and protein interactions to attach to and enter susceptible host cells. The Adenoviridae family comprises more than 80 human types and they differ in their attachment factor and receptor usage, which likely contributes to the diverse tropism of the different types. In the past years, methods to systematically identify glycan and protein interactions have advanced. In particular sensitivity, speed and coverage of mass spectrometric analyses allow for high-throughput identification of glycans and peptides separated by liquid chromatography. Also, developments in glycan microarray technologies have led to targeted, high-throughput screening and identification of glycan-based receptors. The mapping of cell surface interactions of the diverse adenovirus types has implications for cell, tissue, and species tropism as well as drug development. Here we review known adenovirus interactions with glycan- and protein-based receptors, as well as glycomics and proteomics strategies to identify yet elusive virus receptors and attachment factors. We finally discuss challenges, bottlenecks, and future research directions in the field of non-enveloped virus entry into host cells. Adenovirus entry into cells is guided by specific glycan and protein interactions. Glycan arrays and shotgun glycomics methods are valuable technologies to identify virus–glycan interactions. Shotgun proteomics and ligand-based receptor capture are powerful methods for proteinaceous receptor discovery. A combination of shotgun glycomics and proteomics with CRISPR/Cas9 and RNAi validation holds the promise of generating a systems biology view of virus entry processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lasswitz
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Naresh Chandra
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden; Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden; Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden.
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden.
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31
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Fedeli C, Torriani G, Galan-Navarro C, Moraz ML, Moreno H, Gerold G, Kunz S. Axl Can Serve as Entry Factor for Lassa Virus Depending on the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan. J Virol 2018; 92:e01613-17. [PMID: 29237830 PMCID: PMC5809728 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01613-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatal infection with the highly pathogenic Lassa virus (LASV) is characterized by extensive viral dissemination, indicating broad tissue tropism. The major cellular receptor for LASV is the highly conserved extracellular matrix receptor dystroglycan (DG). Binding of LASV depends on DG's tissue-specific posttranslational modification with the unusual O-linked polysaccharide matriglycan. Interestingly, functional glycosylation of DG does not always correlate with viral tropism observed in vivo The broadly expressed phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors Axl and Tyro3 were recently identified as alternative LASV receptor candidates. However, their role in LASV entry is not entirely understood. Here, we examine LASV receptor candidates in primary human cells and found coexpression of Axl with differentially glycosylated DG. To study LASV receptor use in the context of productive arenavirus infection, we employed recombinant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus expressing LASV glycoprotein (rLCMV-LASV GP) as a validated biosafety level 2 (BSL2) model. We confirm and extend previous work showing that Axl can contribute to LASV entry in the absence of functional DG using "apoptotic mimicry" in a way similar to that of other enveloped viruses. We further show that Axl-dependent LASV entry requires receptor activation and involves a pathway resembling macropinocytosis. Axl-mediated LASV entry is facilitated by heparan sulfate and critically depends on the late endosomal protein LAMP-1 as an intracellular entry factor. In endothelial cells expressing low levels of functional DG, both receptors are engaged by the virus and can contribute to productive entry. In sum, we characterize the role of Axl in LASV entry and provide a rationale for targeting Axl in antiviral therapy.IMPORTANCE The highly pathogenic arenavirus Lassa virus (LASV) represents a serious public health problem in Africa. Although the principal LASV receptor, dystroglycan (DG), is ubiquitously expressed, virus binding critically depends on DG's posttranslational modification, which does not always correlate with tissue tropism. The broadly expressed phosphatidylserine receptor Axl was recently identified as an alternative LASV receptor candidate, but its role in LASV entry is unclear. Here, we investigate the exact role of Axl in LASV entry as a function of DG's posttranslational modification. We found that in the absence of functional DG, Axl can mediate LASV entry via apoptotic mimicry. Productive entry requires virus-induced receptor activation, involves macropinocytosis, and critically depends on LAMP-1. In endothelial cells that express low levels of glycosylated DG, both receptors can promote LASV entry. In sum, our study defines the roles of Axl in LASV entry and provides a rationale for targeting Axl in antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fedeli
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Torriani
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clara Galan-Navarro
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Lymphatic and Cancer Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Féderale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Hector Moreno
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gisa Gerold
- TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute for Experimental Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Kunz
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Gerold G, Bruening J, Weigel B, Pietschmann T. Protein Interactions during the Flavivirus and Hepacivirus Life Cycle. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:S75-S91. [PMID: 28077444 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r116.065649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions govern biological functions in cells, in the extracellular milieu, and at the border between cells and extracellular space. Viruses are small intracellular parasites and thus rely on protein interactions to produce progeny inside host cells and to spread from cell to cell. Usage of host proteins by viruses can have severe consequences e.g. apoptosis, metabolic disequilibria, or altered cell proliferation and mobility. Understanding protein interactions during virus infection can thus educate us on viral infection and pathogenesis mechanisms. Moreover, it has led to important clinical translations, including the development of new therapeutic and vaccination strategies. Here, we will discuss protein interactions of members of the Flaviviridae family, which are small enveloped RNA viruses. Dengue virus, Zika virus and hepatitis C virus belong to the most prominent human pathogenic Flaviviridae With a genome of roughly ten kilobases encoding only ten viral proteins, Flaviviridae display intricate mechanisms to engage the host cell machinery for their purpose. In this review, we will highlight how dengue virus, hepatitis C virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus proteins engage host proteins and how this knowledge helps elucidate Flaviviridae infection. We will specifically address the protein composition of the virus particle as well as the protein interactions during virus entry, replication, particle assembly, and release from the host cell. Finally, we will give a perspective on future challenges in Flaviviridae interaction proteomics and why we believe these challenges should be met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Gerold
- From the Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Janina Bruening
- From the Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Weigel
- From the Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- From the Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
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33
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Vieyres G, Welsch K, Gerold G, Gentzsch J, Kahl S, Vondran FWR, Kaderali L, Pietschmann T. ABHD5/CGI-58, the Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome Protein, Mobilises Lipid Stores for Hepatitis C Virus Production. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005568. [PMID: 27124600 PMCID: PMC4849665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles closely mimic human very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) to evade humoral immunity and to facilitate cell entry. However, the principles that govern HCV association with VLDL components are poorly defined. Using an siRNA screen, we identified ABHD5 (α/β hydrolase domain containing protein 5, also known as CGI-58) as a new host factor promoting both virus assembly and release. ABHD5 associated with lipid droplets and triggered their hydrolysis. Importantly, ABHD5 Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome mutants responsible for a rare lipid storage disorder in humans were mislocalised, and unable to consume lipid droplets or support HCV production. Additional ABHD5 mutagenesis revealed a novel tribasic motif that does not influence subcellular localization but determines both ABHD5 lipolytic and proviral properties. These results indicate that HCV taps into the lipid droplet triglyceride reservoir usurping ABHD5 lipase cofactor function. They also suggest that the resulting lipid flux, normally devoted to VLDL synthesis, also participates in the assembly and release of the HCV lipo-viro-particle. Altogether, our study provides the first association between the Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome protein and an infectious disease and sheds light on the hepatic manifestations of this rare genetic disorder as well as on HCV morphogenesis. HCV replication is linked to the host lipid metabolism, and virions are secreted as lipo-viro-particles whose density, size and biochemical content resemble VLDL. HCV assembles close to lipid droplets and is released via the secretory pathway, but it remains unclear how it accesses the VLDL assembly pathway. In this study, we identified ABHD5 as a new host factor supporting HCV assembly and release. ABHD5 is a lipid droplet-associated lipase cofactor. In hepatocytes, ABHD5 was proposed to promote the recruitment of triglycerides from cytosolic towards luminal lipid droplets by mediating a cycle of phospholipid hydrolysis/re-esterification. Our data suggest that this ABHD5-dependent lipid transfer is not only required for VLDL maturation, but also for HCV assembly and virion release, indicating that lipid remodelling impacts on both assembly and virus transport. Finally, ABHD5 is associated with the Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome, a rare human genetic lipid metabolism disorder. We found that the Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome mutants were unable to support HCV assembly, pointing at a new host polymorphism that could determine susceptibility to HCV infection. Altogether, our results establish a new link between HCV, VLDL assembly and lipid remodeling pathways and open new possibilities to study the etiology of the liver manifestations of the Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Vieyres
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Welsch
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Juliane Gentzsch
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sina Kahl
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian W. R. Vondran
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- ReMediES, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- Institute for Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Lump E, Castellano LM, Meier C, Seeliger J, Erwin N, Sperlich B, Stürzel CM, Usmani S, Hammond RM, von Einem J, Gerold G, Kreppel F, Bravo-Rodriguez K, Pietschmann T, Holmes VM, Palesch D, Zirafi O, Weissman D, Sowislok A, Wettig B, Heid C, Kirchhoff F, Weil T, Klärner FG, Schrader T, Bitan G, Sanchez-Garcia E, Winter R, Shorter J, Münch J. A molecular tweezer antagonizes seminal amyloids and HIV infection. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26284498 PMCID: PMC4536748 DOI: 10.7554/elife.05397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Semen is the main vector for HIV transmission and contains amyloid fibrils that enhance viral infection. Available microbicides that target viral components have proven largely ineffective in preventing sexual virus transmission. In this study, we establish that CLR01, a ‘molecular tweezer’ specific for lysine and arginine residues, inhibits the formation of infectivity-enhancing seminal amyloids and remodels preformed fibrils. Moreover, CLR01 abrogates semen-mediated enhancement of viral infection by preventing the formation of virion–amyloid complexes and by directly disrupting the membrane integrity of HIV and other enveloped viruses. We establish that CLR01 acts by binding to the target lysine and arginine residues rather than by a non-specific, colloidal mechanism. CLR01 counteracts both host factors that may be important for HIV transmission and the pathogen itself. These combined anti-amyloid and antiviral activities make CLR01 a promising topical microbicide for blocking infection by HIV and other sexually transmitted viruses. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05397.001 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a sexually transmitted virus that can cause a serious disease that weakens the immune system. The virus is most commonly transmitted between individuals in semen, the male reproductive fluid. Semen contains deposits of protein fragments called amyloid fibrils, which can increase the transmission of HIV by trapping viral particles. This helps the virus to attach to the membranes surrounding human cells, which increases the risk of infection. Therefore, therapies that reduce the levels of amyloid fibrils in semen might be able to reduce the transmission of HIV. Drugs that prevent amyloid formation are already being developed because structurally similar fibrils can also form in the brains of individuals with neurodegenerative diseases. One such molecule—called CLR01—works by binding to particular sites on the proteins that form fibrils in the brain. This inhibits fibril formation and slowly disassembles the fibrils that have already formed. CLR01 physically interacts with these residues in a way that resembles a tweezer. The peptides in the amyloid fibrils in semen also have these sites, which suggests that CLR01 might also disrupt amyloid fibrils from forming in semen. Here Lump and Castellano et al. show that CLR01 can both disrupt fibril formation and remodel fibrils that have already formed. In addition, CLR01 prevents HIV particles from interacting with these fibrils and can displace the virus particles that have already bound to the fibrils. In the presence of CLR01, human cells exposed to semen that contained HIV were less likely to become infected with the virus. Unexpectedly, CLR01 also directly destroys HIV and other enveloped viruses such as HCV or HSV particles by disrupting the membranes that surround the virus. Therefore, Lump and Castellano et al.'s findings reveal that CLR01 has considerable potential to be used as an agent for reducing the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted viral diseases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05397.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Lump
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura M Castellano
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Christoph Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III/Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janine Seeliger
- Physical Chemistry I-Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nelli Erwin
- Physical Chemistry I-Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Benjamin Sperlich
- Physical Chemistry I-Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christina M Stürzel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shariq Usmani
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca M Hammond
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,Biology Department, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, United States
| | - Jens von Einem
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Kreppel
- Institute of Gene Therapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Veronica M Holmes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - David Palesch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Onofrio Zirafi
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Drew Weissman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Andrea Sowislok
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Wettig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Heid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Ulm-Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III/Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Ulm-Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Schrader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I-Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Ulm-Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Gerold G, Meissner F, Bruening J, Welsch K, Perin PM, Baumert TF, Vondran FW, Kaderali L, Marcotrigiano J, Khan AG, Mann M, Rice CM, Pietschmann T. Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Serum Response Factor Binding Protein 1 as a Host Factor for Hepatitis C Virus Entry. Cell Rep 2015. [PMID: 26212323 PMCID: PMC4836839 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) enters human hepatocytes through a multistep mechanism involving, among other host proteins, the virus receptor CD81. How CD81 governs HCV entry is poorly characterized, and CD81 protein interactions after virus binding remain elusive. We have developed a quantitative proteomics protocol to identify HCV-triggered CD81 interactions and found 26 dynamic binding partners. At least six of these proteins promote HCV infection, as indicated by RNAi. We further characterized serum response factor binding protein 1 (SRFBP1), which is recruited to CD81 during HCV uptake and supports HCV infection in hepatoma cells and primary human hepatocytes. SRFBP1 facilitates host cell penetration by all seven HCV genotypes, but not of vesicular stomatitis virus and human coronavirus. Thus, SRFBP1 is an HCV-specific, pan-genotypic host entry factor. These results demonstrate the use of quantitative proteomics to elucidate pathogen entry and underscore the importance of host protein-protein interactions during HCV invasion. Hepatitis C virus binding alters host protein interactions with the receptor CD81 Six out of 26 virus-dependent CD81-interacting proteins promote virus entry SRFBP1 binds CD81 and aids infection of all HCV, but not VSV, genotypes SRFBP1 is membrane-associated and required for HCV entry
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Gerold
- Insitute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30165 Hannover, Germany; Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Felix Meissner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Janina Bruening
- Insitute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30165 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Welsch
- Insitute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30165 Hannover, Germany
| | - Paula M Perin
- Insitute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30165 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Inserm Unit 1110, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Florian W Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30165 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Medical School, University of Technology Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph Marcotrigiano
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Abdul G Khan
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Charles M Rice
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Insitute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30165 Hannover, Germany.
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36
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Scull MA, Shi C, de Jong YP, Gerold G, Ries M, von Schaewen M, Donovan BM, Labitt RN, Horwitz JA, Gaska JM, Hrebikova G, Xiao JW, Flatley B, Fung C, Chiriboga L, Walker CM, Evans DT, Rice CM, Ploss A. Hepatitis C virus infects rhesus macaque hepatocytes and simianized mice. Hepatology 2015; 62:57-67. [PMID: 25820364 PMCID: PMC4482775 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED At least 170 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Owing to the narrow host range of HCV and restricted use of chimpanzees, there is currently no suitable animal model for HCV pathogenesis studies or the development of a HCV vaccine. To identify cellular determinants of interspecies transmission and establish a novel immunocompetent model system, we examined the ability of HCV to infect hepatocytes from a small nonhuman primate, the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). We show that the rhesus orthologs of critical HCV entry factors support viral glycoprotein-dependent virion uptake. Primary hepatocytes from rhesus macaques are also permissive for HCV-RNA replication and particle production, which is enhanced when antiviral signaling is suppressed. We demonstrate that this may be owing to the diminished capacity of HCV to antagonize mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein-dependent innate cellular defenses. To test the ability of HCV to establish persistent replication in vivo, we engrafted primary rhesus macaque hepatocytes into immunocompromised xenorecipients. Inoculation of resulting simian liver chimeric mice with either HCV genotype 1a or 2a resulted in HCV serum viremia for up to 10 weeks. CONCLUSION Together, these data indicate that rhesus macaques may be a viable model for HCV and implicate host immunity as a potential species-specific barrier to HCV infection. We conclude that suppression of host immunity or further viral adaptation may allow robust HCV infection in rhesus macaques and creation of a new animal model for studies of HCV pathogenesis, lentivirus coinfection, and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Scull
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Chao Shi
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ype P. de Jong
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Moritz Ries
- AIDS Vaccine Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Markus von Schaewen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Bridget M. Donovan
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Rachael N. Labitt
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Joshua A. Horwitz
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jenna M. Gaska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Gabriela Hrebikova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Jing W. Xiao
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Brenna Flatley
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Canny Fung
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - David T. Evans
- AIDS Vaccine Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Charles M. Rice
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA,Correspondence to: Alexander Ploss, Ph.D., Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, LTL 110, Princeton, NJ 08544, Phone: (609) 258-7128, Fax: (609) 258-1701,
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a highly variable plus-strand RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. Viral strains are grouped into six epidemiologically relevant genotypes that differ from each other by more than 30% at the nucleotide level. The variability of HCV allows immune evasion and facilitates persistence. It is also a substantial challenge for the development of specific antiviral therapies effective across all HCV genotypes and for prevention of drug resistance. Novel HCV cell culture models were instrumental for identification and profiling of therapeutic strategies. Concurrently, these models revealed numerous host factors critical for HCV propagation, some of which have emerged as targets for antiviral therapy. It is generally assumed that the use of host factors is conserved among HCV isolates and genotypes. Additionally, the barrier to viral resistance is thought to be high when interfering with host factors. Therefore, current drug development includes both targeting of viral factors but also of host factors essential for virus replication. In fact, some of these host-targeting agents, for instance inhibitors of cyclophilin A, have advanced to late stage clinical trials. Here, we highlight currently available cell culture systems for HCV, review the most prominent host-targeting strategies against hepatitis C and critically discuss opportunities and risks associated with host-targeting antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Gerold
- TWINCORE - Institute of Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
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Gerold G, Pietschmann T. A circuit of paracrine signals between liver sinusoid endothelial cells and hepatocytes regulates hepatitis C virus replication. Hepatology 2014; 59:363-5. [PMID: 23857467 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Gerold
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects more than 2 % of the world population with highest prevalence in parts of Africa and Asia. Past standard of care using interferon α and ribavirin had adverse effects and showed modest efficacy for some HCV genotypes spurring the development of direct acting antivirals (DAAs). Such DAAs target viral proteins and are thus better tolerated but they suffer from emergence of vial resistance. Furthermore, DAAs are often HCV genotype specific. Novel drug candidates targeting host factors required for HCV propagation, so called host-targeting antivirals (HTAs), promise to overcome both caveats. The genetic barrier to resistance is usually considered to be high for HTAs and all HCV genotypes presumably use the same host factors. Recent data, however, challenge these assumptions, at least for some HTAs. Here, we highlight the most important host-targeting strategies against hepatitis C and critically discuss their opportunities and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Gerold
- TWINCORE – Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute of Experimental Virology, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- TWINCORE – Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute of Experimental Virology, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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40
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Vogt A, Scull MA, Friling T, Horwitz JA, Donovan BM, Dorner M, Gerold G, Labitt RN, Rice CM, Ploss A. Recapitulation of the hepatitis C virus life-cycle in engineered murine cell lines. Virology 2013; 444:1-11. [PMID: 23777661 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major medical problem. In-depth study of HCV pathogenesis and immune responses is hampered by the lack of suitable small animal models. The narrow host range of HCV remains incompletely understood. We demonstrate that the entire HCV life-cycle can be recapitulated in mouse cells. We show that antiviral signaling interferes with HCV RNA replication in mouse cells. We were able to infect mouse cells expressing human CD81 and occludin (OCLN)-the minimal set of entry factor factors required for HCV uptake into mouse cells. Infected mouse cells sustain HCV RNA replication in the presence of miR122 and release infectious particles when mouse apoE is supplied. Our data demonstrate that the barriers of HCV interspecies transmission can be overcome by engineering a suitable cellular environment and provide a blue-print towards constructing a small animal model for HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vogt
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Gerold
- Institute of Experimental Virology Twincore-Center for Experimental and Clinical Infectious Disease Research Hannover, Germany
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42
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Köhler S, Jungkunst HF, Gutzler C, Herrera R, Gerold G. Atmospheric Ionic Deposition in Tropical Sites of Central Sulawesi Determined by Ion Exchange Resin Collectors and Bulk Water Collector. Water Air Soil Pollut 2012; 223:4485-4494. [PMID: 22865942 PMCID: PMC3409372 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-012-1211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the light of global change, the necessity to monitor atmospheric depositions that have relevant effects on ecosystems is ever increasing particularly for tropical sites. For this study, atmospheric ionic depositions were measured on tropical Central Sulawesi at remote sites with both a conventional bulk water collector system (BWS collector) and with a passive ion exchange resin collector system (IER collector). The principle of IER collector to fix all ionic depositions, i.e. anions and cations, has certain advantages referring to (1) post-deposition transformation processes, (2) low ionic concentrations and (3) low rainfall and associated particulate inputs, e.g. dust or sand. The ionic concentrations to be measured for BWS collectors may easily fall below detection limits under low deposition conditions which are common for tropical sites of low land use intensity. Additionally, BWS collections are not as independent from the amount of rain fallen as are IER collections. For this study, the significant differences between both collectors found for nearly all measured elements were partly correlated to the rainfall pattern, i.e. for calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium. However, the significant differences were, in most cases, not highly relevant. More relevant differences between the systems were found for aluminium and nitrate (434-484 %). Almost five times higher values for nitrate clarified the advantage of the IER system particularly for low deposition rate which is one particularity of atmospheric ionic deposition in tropical sites of extensive land use. The monthly resolution of the IER data offers new insights into the temporal distribution of annual ionic depositions. Here, it did not follow the tropical rain pattern of a drier season within generally wet conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Köhler
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Geography, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Landscape Ecology and Land Evaluation, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - H. F. Jungkunst
- Geoecology/Physical Geography, Institute for Environmental Science, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - C. Gutzler
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Geography, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - R. Herrera
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, 46022 Spain
| | - G. Gerold
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Geography, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Gerold G, Rice CM, Ploss A. Teaching new tricks to an old foe: murinizing hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 2010; 52:2233-6. [PMID: 21105113 PMCID: PMC4509484 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Gerold
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Charles M. Rice
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065,Corresponding author: Alexander Ploss ()
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Abstract
Innate immunity relies on signalling by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to alert the immune system of the presence of invading bacteria. TLR activation leads to the release of cytokines that allow for effective innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the contribution of different TLRs depends on the site of the infection and the pathogen. This review will describe the involvement of TLRs in the development of three different bacterial infections as well as our current understanding of the role of TLRs during microbial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Gerold
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
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de Diego JL, Gerold G, Zychlinsky A. Sensing, presenting, and regulating PAMPs. Ernst Schering Found Symp Proc 2007:83-95. [PMID: 18510100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of microbial infection and initiation of immune responses are controlled by multiple mechanisms. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system that detect microbial infection. TLR activation helps to eliminate the invading pathogens, coordinate systemic defenses, and initiate adaptive immune responses. Despite progress elucidating the TLR signaling aspects and the physiological relevance of TLRs in microbial infections, the molecular basis of microbial recognition by TLRs is still not fully understood. In this article we focus on the availability of microbial ligands to regulate presentation to TLRs and assist in our understanding of TLR-mediated microbial recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L de Diego
- Department for Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Loll B, Gerold G, Slowik D, Voelter W, Jung C, Saenger W, Irrgang KD. Thermostability and Ca2+Binding Properties of Wild Type and Heterologously Expressed PsbO Protein from Cyanobacterial Photosystem II†. Biochemistry 2005; 44:4691-8. [PMID: 15779895 DOI: 10.1021/bi047614r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis takes place in the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria, algae, and higher plants. Initially light is absorbed by an oligomeric pigment-protein complex designated as photosystem II (PSII), which catalyzes light-induced water cleavage under release of molecular oxygen for the biosphere on our planet. The membrane-extrinsic manganese stabilizing protein (PsbO) is associated on the lumenal side of the thylakoids close to the redox-active (Mn)(4)Ca cluster at the catalytically active site of PSII. Recombinant PsbO from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus was expressed in Escherichia coli and spectroscopically characterized. The secondary structure of recombinant PsbO (recPsbO) was analyzed in the absence and presence of Ca(2+) using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and circular dichroism spectropolarimetry (CD). No significant structural changes could be observed when the PSII subunit was titrated with Ca(2+) in vitro. These findings are compared with data for spinach PsbO. Our results are discussed in the light of the recent 3D-structural analysis of the oxygen-evolving PSII and structural/thermodynamic differences between the two homologous proteins from thermophilic cyanobacteria and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Loll
- Department of Chemistry/Crystallography, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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