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Leder D, Lehmann J, Milks A, Koddenberg T, Sietz M, Vogel M, Böhner U, Terberger T. The wooden artifacts from Schöningen's Spear Horizon and their place in human evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320484121. [PMID: 38557183 PMCID: PMC11009636 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320484121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethnographic records show that wooden tools played a pivotal role in the daily lives of hunter-gatherers including food procurement tools used in hunting (e.g., spears, throwing sticks) and gathering (e.g. digging sticks, bark peelers), as well as, domestic tools (e.g., handles, vessels). However, wood rarely survives in the archeological record, especially in Pleistocene contexts and knowledge of prehistoric hunter-gatherer lifeways is strongly biased by the survivorship of more resilient materials such as lithics and bones. Consequently, very few Paleolithic sites have produced wooden artifacts and among them, the site of Schöningen stands out due to its number and variety of wooden tools. The recovery of complete wooden spears and throwing sticks at this 300,000-y-old site (MIS 9) led to a paradigm shift in the hunter vs. scavenger debate. For the first time and almost 30 y after their discovery, this study introduces the complete wooden assemblage from Schöningen 13 II-4 known as the Spear Horizon. In total, 187 wooden artifacts could be identified from the Spear Horizon demonstrating a broad spectrum of wood-working techniques, including the splitting technique. A minimum of 20 hunting weapons is now recognized and two newly identified artifact types comprise 35 tools made on split woods, which were likely used in domestic activities. Schöningen 13 II-4 represents the largest Pleistocene wooden artifact assemblage worldwide and demonstrates the key role woodworking had in human evolution. Finally, our results considerably change the interpretation of the Pleistocene lakeshore site of Schöningen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leder
- Department of Archaeology, Lower Saxony State Office for Cultural Heritage, Hannover30175, Germany
| | - Jens Lehmann
- Department of Archaeology, Lower Saxony State Office for Cultural Heritage, Hannover30175, Germany
| | - Annemieke Milks
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Earley, ReadingRG6 6AX, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Koddenberg
- Department of Wood Biology and Wood Products, Georg-August University Göttingen, Gottingen37077, Germany
| | - Michael Sietz
- Archaeological Conservation Unit, Lower Saxony State Office for Cultural Heritage, Hannover30175, Germany
| | - Matthias Vogel
- Archaeological Conservation Unit, Lower Saxony State Office for Cultural Heritage, Hannover30175, Germany
| | - Utz Böhner
- Department of Archaeology, Lower Saxony State Office for Cultural Heritage, Hannover30175, Germany
| | - Thomas Terberger
- Department of Archaeology, Lower Saxony State Office for Cultural Heritage, Hannover30175, Germany
- Department of Prehistoric Archaeology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Gottingen37073, Germany
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Schüler MA, Schneider D, Poehlein A, Daniel R. Culture-independent detection of low-abundant Clostridioides difficile in environmental DNA via PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0127823. [PMID: 38334406 PMCID: PMC10952401 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01278-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile represents a major burden to public health. As a well-known nosocomial pathogen whose occurrence is highly associated with antibiotic treatment, most examined C. difficile strains originated from clinical specimen and were isolated under selective conditions employing antibiotics. This suggests a significant bias among analyzed C. difficile strains, which impedes a holistic view on this pathogen. In order to support extensive isolation of C. difficile strains from environmental samples, we designed a detection PCR that targets the hpdBCA-operon and thereby identifies low abundances of C. difficile in environmental samples. This operon encodes the 4-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase, which catalyzes the production of the antimicrobial compound para-cresol. Amplicon-based analyses of diverse environmental samples demonstrated that the designed PCR is highly specific for C. difficile and successfully detected C. difficile despite its absence in general 16S rRNA gene-based detection strategies. Further analyses revealed the potential of the hpdBCA detection PCR sequence for initial phylogenetic classification, which allows assessment of C. difficile diversity in environmental samples via amplicon sequencing. Our findings furthermore showed that C. difficile strains isolated under antibiotic treatment from environmental samples were originally dominated by other strains according to PCR amplicon results. This provided evidence for selective cultivation of under-represented but antibiotic-resistant isolates. Thereby, we revealed a substantial bias in C. difficile isolation and research.IMPORTANCEClostridioides difficile is a main cause of diarrheic infections after antibiotic treatment with serious morbidity and mortality worldwide. Research on this pathogen and its virulence has focused on bacterial isolation from clinical specimens under antibiotic treatment, which implies a substantial bias in isolated strains. Comprehensive studies, however, require an unbiased strain collection, which is accomplished by isolation of C. difficile from diverse environmental samples and avoidance of antibiotic-based enrichment strategies. Thus, isolation can significantly benefit from our C. difficile-specific detection PCR, which rapidly verifies C. difficile presence in environmental samples and further allows estimation of the C. difficile diversity by using next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A. Schüler
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Haid S, Matthaei A, Winkler M, Sake SM, Gunesch AP, Milke V, Köhler NM, Rückert J, Vieyres G, Kühl D, Nguyen TT, Göhl M, Lasswitz L, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Brogden G, Gerold G, Wiegmann B, Bilitewski U, Brown RJP, Brönstrup M, Schulz TF, Pietschmann T. Repurposing screen identifies novel candidates for broad-spectrum coronavirus antivirals and druggable host targets. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0121023. [PMID: 38319076 PMCID: PMC10916382 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01210-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Libraries composed of licensed drugs represent a vast repertoire of molecules modulating physiological processes in humans, providing unique opportunities for the discovery of host-targeting antivirals. We screened the Repurposing, Focused Rescue, and Accelerated Medchem (ReFRAME) repurposing library with approximately 12,000 molecules for broad-spectrum coronavirus antivirals and discovered 134 compounds inhibiting an alphacoronavirus and mapping to 58 molecular target categories. Dominant targets included the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor, the dopamine receptor, and cyclin-dependent kinases. Gene knock-out of the drugs' host targets including cathepsin B and L (CTSB/L; VBY-825), the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR; Phortress), the farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1; P-3622), and the kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1; Omaveloxolone), significantly modulated HCoV-229E infection, providing evidence that these compounds inhibited the virus through acting on their respective host targets. Counter-screening of all 134 primary compound candidates with SARS-CoV-2 and validation in primary cells identified Phortress, an AHR activating ligand, P-3622-targeting FDFT1, and Omaveloxolone, which activates the NFE2-like bZIP transcription factor 2 (NFE2L2) by liberating it from its endogenous inhibitor KEAP1, as antiviral candidates for both an Alpha- and a Betacoronavirus. This study provides an overview of HCoV-229E repurposing candidates and reveals novel potentially druggable viral host dependency factors hijacked by diverse coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Haid
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alina Matthaei
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melina Winkler
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja M. Sake
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonia P. Gunesch
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Milke
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalie M. Köhler
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Rückert
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabrielle Vieyres
- Junior Research Group “Cell Biology of RNA Viruses”, Leibniz Institute of Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Integrative Analysis of Pathogen-Induced Compartments, Leibniz ScienceCampus InterACt, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Kühl
- Junior Research Group “Cell Biology of RNA Viruses”, Leibniz Institute of Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tu-Trinh Nguyen
- Calibr, a Division of The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthias Göhl
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lisa Lasswitz
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Francisco J. Zapatero-Belinchón
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Graham Brogden
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, 901 87 Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), 901 87 Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Wiegmann
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- BREATH (Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Richard J. P. Brown
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Jerye K, Lüken H, Steffen A, Schlawis C, Jänsch L, Schulz S, Brönstrup M. Activity-Based Protein Profiling Identifies Protein Disulfide-Isomerases as Target Proteins of the Volatile Salinilactones. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2309515. [PMID: 38430530 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
The salinilactones, volatile marine natural products secreted from Salinispora arenicola, feature a unique [3.1.0]-lactone ring system and cytotoxic activities through a hitherto unknown mechanism. To find their molecular target, an activity-based protein profiling with a salinilactone-derived probe is applied that disclosed the protein disulfide-isomerases (PDIs) as the dominant mammalian targets of salinilactones, and thioredoxin (TRX1) as secondary target. The inhibition of protein disulfide-isomerase A1 (PDIA1) and TRX1 is confirmed by biochemical assays with recombinant proteins, showing that (1S,5R)-salinilactone B is more potent than its (1R,5S)-configured enantiomer. The salinilactones bound covalently to C53 and C397, the catalytically active cysteines of the isoform PDIA1 according to tandem mass spectrometry. Reactions with a model substrate demonstrated that the cyclopropyl group is opened by an attack of the thiol at C6. Fluorophore labeling experiments showed the cell permeability of a salinilactone-BODIPY (dipyrrometheneboron difluoride) conjugate and its co-localization with PDIs in the endoplasmic reticulum. The study is one of the first to pinpoint a molecular target for a volatile microbial natural product, and it demonstrates that salinilactones can achieve high selectivity despite their small size and intrinsic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Jerye
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Helko Lüken
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anika Steffen
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Schlawis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Research Group Cellular Proteome Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Biomolecular Drug Research Center (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
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Schüler MA, Daniel R, Poehlein A. Complete genome sequence of a Clostridioides difficile cryptic C-III strain isolated from horse feces. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0078123. [PMID: 37909717 PMCID: PMC10720495 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00781-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We provide the complete genome of a non-toxigenic Clostridioides difficile strain isolated from horse feces. The strain represents a sub-cluster in the cryptic clade C-III. The genome consists of one chromosome (4,144,784 bp) and one plasmid (10,144 bp) and encodes 3,798 putative genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Antonia Schüler
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Shvarev D, Scholz AI, Moeller A. Conformational variability of cyanobacterial ChlI, the AAA+ motor of magnesium chelatase involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis. mBio 2023; 14:e0189323. [PMID: 37737632 PMCID: PMC10653834 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01893-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Photosynthesis is an essential life process that relies on chlorophyll. In photosynthetic organisms, chlorophyll synthesis involves multiple steps and depends on magnesium chelatase. This enzyme complex is responsible for inserting magnesium into the chlorophyll precursor, but the molecular mechanism of this process is not fully understood. By using cryogenic electron microscopy and conducting functional analyses, we have discovered that the motor subunit ChlI of magnesium chelatase undergoes conformational changes in the presence of ATP. Our findings offer new insights into how energy is transferred from ChlI to the other components of magnesium chelatase. This information significantly contributes to our understanding of the initial step in chlorophyll biosynthesis and lays the foundation for future studies on the entire process of chlorophyll production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Shvarev
- Structural Biology Section, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Alischa Ira Scholz
- Structural Biology Section, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Arne Moeller
- Structural Biology Section, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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Bergen N, Krämer P, Romberg J, Wichels A, Gerlach G, Brinkhoff T. Shell Disease Syndrome Is Associated with Reduced and Shifted Epibacterial Diversity on the Carapace of the Crustacean Cancer pagurus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0341922. [PMID: 36342282 PMCID: PMC9769784 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03419-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer pagurus is highly susceptible to shell disease syndrome. However, little is known about concomitant changes in the epibacterial community. We compared the bacterial communities of black spot affected and nonaffected areas of the carapace by amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and 16S rRNA. Within each spot, bacterial communities of affected areas were less diverse compared to communities from nonaffected areas. Communities of different affected spots were, however, more divergent from each other, compared to those of different nonaffected areas. This indicates a reduced and shifted microbial community composition caused by the black spot disease. Different communities found in black spots likely indicate different stages of the disease. In affected areas, Flavobacteriaceae rose to one of the most abundant and active families due to the increase of Aquimarina spp., suggesting a significant role in shell disease syndrome. We isolated 75 bacterial strains from diseased and healthy areas, which are primarily affiliated with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, reflecting the dominant phyla detected by amplicon sequencing. The ability to degrade chitin was mainly found for Gammaproteobacteria and Aquimarina spp. within the Flavobacteriia, while the ability to use N-acetylglucosamine, the monomer of the polysaccharide chitin, was observed for most isolates, including many Alphaproteobacteria. One-third of the isolates, including most Aquimarina spp., showed antagonistic properties, indicating a high potential for interactions between the bacterial populations. The combination of bacterial community analysis and the physiological properties of the isolates provided insights into a functional complex epibacterial community on the carapace of C. pagurus. IMPORTANCE In recent years, shell disease syndrome has been detected for several ecologically and economically important crustacean species. Large proportions of populations are affected, e.g., >60% of the widely distributed species Cancer pagurus in different North Sea areas. Bacteria play a significant role in the development of different forms of shell disease, all characterized by microbial chitinolytic degradation of the outer shell. By comparing the bacterial communities of healthy and diseased areas of the shell of C. pagurus, we demonstrated that the disease causes a reduced bacterial diversity within affected areas, a phenomenon co-occurring also with many other diseases. Furthermore, the community composition dramatically changed with some taxa rising to high relative abundances and showing increased activity, indicating strong participation in shell disease. Characterization of bacterial isolates obtained from affected and nonaffected spots provided deeper insights into their physiological properties and thus the possible role within the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bergen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Krämer
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Julia Romberg
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Antje Wichels
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Gabriele Gerlach
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Brinkhoff
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Wang C, Richter‐Dennerlein R, Pacheu‐Grau D, Liu F, Zhu Y, Dennerlein S, Rehling P. MITRAC15/COA1 promotes mitochondrial translation in a ND2 ribosome-nascent chain complex. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48833. [PMID: 31721420 PMCID: PMC6945058 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome encodes for thirteen core subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system. These proteins assemble with imported proteins in a modular manner into stoichiometric enzyme complexes. Assembly factors assist in these biogenesis processes by providing co-factors or stabilizing transient assembly stages. However, how expression of the mitochondrial-encoded subunits is regulated to match the availability of nuclear-encoded subunits is still unresolved. Here, we address the function of MITRAC15/COA1, a protein that participates in complex I biogenesis and complex IV biogenesis. Our analyses of a MITRAC15 knockout mutant reveal that MITRAC15 is required for translation of the mitochondrial-encoded complex I subunit ND2. We find that MITRAC15 is a constituent of a ribosome-nascent chain complex during ND2 translation. Chemical crosslinking analyses demonstrate that binding of the ND2-specific assembly factor ACAD9 to the ND2 polypeptide occurs at the C-terminus and thus downstream of MITRAC15. Our analyses demonstrate that expression of the founder subunit ND2 of complex I undergoes regulation. Moreover, a ribosome-nascent chain complex with MITRAC15 is at the heart of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Cellular BiochemistryUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC)University of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Ricarda Richter‐Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular BiochemistryUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC)University of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - David Pacheu‐Grau
- Department of Cellular BiochemistryUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Fan Liu
- Leibniz‐Forschungsinstitut for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)BerlinGermany
| | - Ying Zhu
- Leibniz‐Forschungsinstitut for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)BerlinGermany
| | - Sven Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular BiochemistryUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular BiochemistryUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC)University of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryGöttingenGermany
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