1
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Kimura M, Matsuoka R, Taniguchi S, Maruyama J, Paessler S, Oka S, Yamashita A, Fukuhara T, Matsuura Y, Tani H. Inhibitors of cannabinoid receptor 1 suppress the cellular entry of Lujo virus. Virology 2023; 587:109867. [PMID: 37633192 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Lujo virus (LUJV), which belongs to Mammarenavirus, family Arenaviridae, has emerged as a pathogen causing severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality. Currently, there are no effective treatments for arenaviruses, including LUJV. Here, we screened chemical compound libraries of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and G protein-coupled receptor-associated drugs to identify effective antivirals against LUJV targeting cell entry using a vesicular stomatitis virus-based pseudotyped virus bearing the LUJV envelope glycoprotein (GP). Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonists, such as rimonabant, AM251 and AM281, have been identified as robust inhibitors of LUJV entry. The IC50 of rimonabant was 0.26 and 0.53 μM in Vero and Huh7 cells, respectively. Analysis of the cell fusion activity of the LUJV GP in the presence of CB1 inhibitors revealed that these inhibitors suppressed the fusion activity of the LUJV GP. Moreover, rimonabant, AM251 and AM281 reduced the infectivity of authentic LUJV in vitro, suggesting that the antiviral activity of CB1 antagonists against LUJV is mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of the viral entry, especially, membrane fusion. These findings suggest promising candidates for developing new therapies against LUJV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kimura
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Risa Matsuoka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Satoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Junki Maruyama
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Saori Oka
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan; Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan; Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan.
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2
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Gorzkiewicz M, Cramer J, Xu HC, Lang PA. The role of glycosylation patterns of viral glycoproteins and cell entry receptors in arenavirus infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115196. [PMID: 37586116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammarenaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that can be associated with rodent-transmitted diseases in humans. Their virions are composed of a nucleocapsid surrounded by a lipid bilayer with glycoprotein (GP) spikes interacting with receptors on target cells. Both the GP and receptors are highly glycosylated, with glycosylation patterns being crucial for virus binding and cell entry, viral tropism, immune responses, or therapy strategies. These effects have been previously described for several different viruses. In case of arenaviruses, they remain insufficiently understood. Thus, it is important to determine the mechanisms of glycosylation of viral proteins and receptors responsible for infection, in order to fully understand the biology of arenaviruses. In this article, we have summarized and critically evaluated the available literature data on the glycosylation of mammarenavirus-associated proteins to facilitate further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Gorzkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jonathan Cramer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haifeng C Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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3
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Jiao A, Sun C, Wang X, Lei L, Liu H, Li W, Yang X, Zheng H, Ding R, Zhu K, Su Y, Zhang C, Zhang L, Zhang B. DExD/H-box helicase 9 intrinsically controls CD8 + T cell-mediated antiviral response through noncanonical mechanisms. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabk2691. [PMID: 35138904 PMCID: PMC8827654 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Upon virus infection, CD8+ T cell accumulation is tightly controlled by simultaneous proliferation and apoptosis. However, it remains unclear how TCR signal coordinates these events to achieve expansion and effector cell differentiation. We found that T cell-specific deletion of nuclear helicase Dhx9 led to impaired CD8+ T cell survival, effector differentiation, and viral clearance. Mechanistically, Dhx9 acts as the key regulator to ensure LCK- and CD3ε-mediated ZAP70 phosphorylation and ERK activation to protect CD8+ T cells from apoptosis before proliferative burst. Dhx9 directly regulates Id2 transcription to control effector CD8+ T cell differentiation. The DSRM and OB_Fold domains are required for LCK binding and Id2 transcription, respectively. Dhx9 expression is predominantly increased in effector CD8+ T cells of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we revealed a previously unknown regulatory mechanism that Dhx9 protects activated CD8+ T cells from apoptosis and ensures effector differentiation to promote antiviral immunity independent of nuclear sensor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Renyi Ding
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
- Corresponding author. (B.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Corresponding author. (B.Z.); (L.Z.)
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4
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Sarute N, Ross SR. The board is set, the pieces are moving: Modulation of New World arenavirus entry by host proteins. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009605. [PMID: 34111222 PMCID: PMC8191888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Sarute
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Susan R. Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Duckworth BC, Lafouresse F, Wimmer VC, Broomfield BJ, Dalit L, Alexandre YO, Sheikh AA, Qin RZ, Alvarado C, Mielke LA, Pellegrini M, Mueller SN, Boudier T, Rogers KL, Groom JR. Effector and stem-like memory cell fates are imprinted in distinct lymph node niches directed by CXCR3 ligands. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:434-448. [PMID: 33649580 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T cells dynamically interact with multiple, distinct cellular subsets to determine effector and memory differentiation. Here, we developed a platform to quantify cell location in three dimensions to determine the spatial requirements that direct T cell fate. After viral infection, we demonstrated that CD8+ effector T cell differentiation is associated with positioning at the lymph node periphery. This was instructed by CXCR3 signaling since, in its absence, T cells are confined to the lymph node center and alternatively differentiate into stem-like memory cell precursors. By mapping the cellular sources of CXCR3 ligands, we demonstrated that CXCL9 and CXCL10 are expressed by spatially distinct dendritic and stromal cell subsets. Unlike effector cells, retention of stem-like memory precursors in the paracortex is associated with CCR7 expression. Finally, we demonstrated that T cell location can be tuned, through deficiency in CXCL10 or type I interferon signaling, to promote effector or stem-like memory fates.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arenaviridae Infections/genetics
- Arenaviridae Infections/immunology
- Arenaviridae Infections/metabolism
- Arenaviridae Infections/virology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CXCL10/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL10/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL9/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL9/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunologic Memory
- Interferon Type I/metabolism
- Ligands
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/virology
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/pathogenicity
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenotype
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/immunology
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/metabolism
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/virology
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR7/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR3/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cell Niche
- Stromal Cells/immunology
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette C Duckworth
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Fanny Lafouresse
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM U1037, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Verena C Wimmer
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Broomfield
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lennard Dalit
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yannick O Alexandre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amania A Sheikh
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raymond Z Qin
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolina Alvarado
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa A Mielke
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Boudier
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Kelly L Rogers
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanna R Groom
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Yao C, Lou G, Sun HW, Zhu Z, Sun Y, Chen Z, Chauss D, Moseman EA, Cheng J, D'Antonio MA, Shi W, Shi J, Kometani K, Kurosaki T, Wherry EJ, Afzali B, Gattinoni L, Zhu Y, McGavern DB, O'Shea JJ, Schwartzberg PL, Wu T. BACH2 enforces the transcriptional and epigenetic programs of stem-like CD8 + T cells. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:370-380. [PMID: 33574619 PMCID: PMC7906956 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
During chronic infection and cancer, a self-renewing CD8+ T cell subset maintains long-term immunity and is critical to the effectiveness of immunotherapy. These stem-like CD8+ T cells diverge from other CD8+ subsets early after chronic viral infection. However, pathways guarding stem-like CD8+ T cells against terminal exhaustion remain unclear. Here, we show that the gene encoding transcriptional repressor BACH2 is transcriptionally and epigenetically active in stem-like CD8+ T cells but not terminally exhausted cells early after infection. BACH2 overexpression enforced stem-like cell fate, whereas BACH2 deficiency impaired stem-like CD8+ T cell differentiation. Single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic approaches revealed that BACH2 established the transcriptional and epigenetic programs of stem-like CD8+ T cells. In addition, BACH2 suppressed the molecular program driving terminal exhaustion through transcriptional repression and epigenetic silencing. Thus, our study reveals a new pathway that enforces commitment to stem-like CD8+ lineage and prevents an alternative terminally exhausted cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yao
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Guohua Lou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ziang Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Chauss
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E Ashley Moseman
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jun Cheng
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc A D'Antonio
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wangke Shi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Junwei Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kohei Kometani
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tuoqi Wu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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7
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Holzerland J, Fénéant L, Banadyga L, Hölper JE, Knittler MR, Groseth A. BH3-only sensors Bad, Noxa and Puma are Key Regulators of Tacaribe virus-induced Apoptosis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008948. [PMID: 33045019 PMCID: PMC7598930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenicity often differs dramatically among even closely related arenavirus species. For instance, Junín virus (JUNV), the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), is closely related to Tacaribe virus (TCRV), which is normally avirulent in humans. While little is known about how host cell pathways are regulated in response to arenavirus infection, or how this contributes to virulence, these two viruses have been found to differ markedly in their ability to induce apoptosis. However, details of the mechanism(s) governing the apoptotic response to arenavirus infections are unknown. Here we confirm that TCRV-induced apoptosis is mitochondria-regulated, with associated canonical hallmarks of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and go on to identify the pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 factors responsible for regulating this process. In particular, levels of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins Noxa and Puma, as well as their canonical transcription factor p53, were strongly increased. Interestingly, TCRV infection also led to the accumulation of the inactive phosphorylated form of another pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein, Bad (i.e. as phospho-Bad). Knockout of Noxa or Puma suppressed apoptosis in response to TCRV infection, whereas silencing of Bad increased apoptosis, confirming that these factors are key regulators of apoptosis induction in response to TCRV infection. Further, we found that while the highly pathogenic JUNV does not induce caspase activation, it still activated upstream pro-apoptotic factors, consistent with current models suggesting that JUNV evades apoptosis by interfering with caspase activation through a nucleoprotein-mediated decoy function. This new mechanistic insight into the role that individual BH3-only proteins and their regulation play in controlling apoptotic fate in arenavirus-infected cells provides an important experimental framework for future studies aimed at dissecting differences in the apoptotic responses between arenaviruses, their connection to other cell signaling events and ultimately the relationship of these processes to pathogenesis. Arenaviruses are important zoonotic pathogens that present a serious threat to human health. While some virus species cause severe disease, resulting in hemorrhagic fever and/or neurological symptoms, other closely related species exhibit little or no pathogenicity. The basis for these dramatically different outcomes is insufficiently understood, but investigations of host cell responses have suggested that apoptosis, i.e. non-inflammatory programmed cell death, is regulated differently between pathogenic and apathogenic arenaviruses. However, many questions remain regarding how these viruses interact with cell death pathways upon infection. Here we demonstrate that apoptosis induced by the avirulent Tacaribe virus (TCRV), proceeds via the mitochondria (i.e. the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway), and is regulated by a combination of factors that appear to balance activation (i.e. Noxa and Puma) and inactivation (i.e. Bad-P) of this cascade. During TCRV infection, the balance of these pro- and anti-apoptotic signals shifts the equilibrium late in the infection towards cell death. Importantly, we also found that the highly pathogenic Junín virus (JUNV), which does not trigger caspase activation or apoptotic cell death, nonetheless induces pro-apoptotic factors, thus supporting the existence of a specific mechanism by which this virus is able to evade apoptosis at late stages in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Holzerland
- Junior Research Group Arenavirus Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald—Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Lucie Fénéant
- Junior Research Group Arenavirus Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald—Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Logan Banadyga
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Julia E. Hölper
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald—Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Michael R. Knittler
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald—Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Allison Groseth
- Junior Research Group Arenavirus Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald—Isle of Riems, Germany
- * E-mail:
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8
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Loureiro ME, Zorzetto-Fernandes AL, Radoshitzky S, Chi X, Dallari S, Marooki N, Lèger P, Foscaldi S, Harjono V, Sharma S, Zid BM, López N, de la Torre JC, Bavari S, Zúñiga E. DDX3 suppresses type I interferons and favors viral replication during Arenavirus infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007125. [PMID: 30001425 PMCID: PMC6042795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several arenaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever (HF) diseases that are associated with high morbidity and mortality in humans. Accordingly, HF arenaviruses have been listed as top-priority emerging diseases for which countermeasures are urgently needed. Because arenavirus nucleoprotein (NP) plays critical roles in both virus multiplication and immune-evasion, we used an unbiased proteomic approach to identify NP-interacting proteins in human cells. DDX3, a DEAD-box ATP-dependent-RNA-helicase, interacted with NP in both NP-transfected and virus-infected cells. Importantly, DDX3 deficiency compromised the propagation of both Old and New World arenaviruses, including the HF arenaviruses Lassa and Junin viruses. The DDX3 role in promoting arenavirus multiplication associated with both a previously un-recognized DDX3 inhibitory role in type I interferon production in arenavirus infected cells and a positive DDX3 effect on arenavirus RNA synthesis that was dependent on its ATPase and Helicase activities. Our results uncover novel mechanisms used by arenaviruses to exploit the host machinery and subvert immunity, singling out DDX3 as a potential host target for developing new therapies against highly pathogenic arenaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Loureiro
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Sheli Radoshitzky
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Xiaoli Chi
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Simone Dallari
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Nuha Marooki
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Psylvia Lèger
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Foscaldi
- Centro de Virología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vince Harjono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Sonia Sharma
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Brian M. Zid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Nora López
- Centro de Virología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Sina Bavari
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Elina Zúñiga
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
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9
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Gangaplara A, Martens C, Dahlstrom E, Metidji A, Gokhale AS, Glass DD, Lopez-Ocasio M, Baur R, Kanakabandi K, Porcella SF, Shevach EM. Type I interferon signaling attenuates regulatory T cell function in viral infection and in the tumor microenvironment. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006985. [PMID: 29672594 PMCID: PMC5929570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a cardinal role in the immune system by suppressing detrimental autoimmune responses, but their role in acute, chronic infectious diseases and tumor microenvironment remains unclear. We recently demonstrated that IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR) signaling promotes Treg function in autoimmunity. Here we dissected the functional role of IFNAR-signaling in Tregs using Treg-specific IFNAR deficient (IFNARfl/flxFoxp3YFP-Cre) mice in acute LCMV Armstrong, chronic Clone-13 viral infection, and in tumor models. In both viral infection and tumor models, IFNARfl/flxFoxp3YFP-Cre mice Tregs expressed enhanced Treg associated activation antigens. LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from IFNARfl/flxFoxp3YFP-Cre mice produced less antiviral and antitumor IFN-γ and TNF-α. In chronic viral model, the numbers of antiviral effector and memory CD8+ T cells were decreased in IFNARfl/flxFoxp3YFP-Cre mice and the effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells exhibited a phenotype compatible with enhanced exhaustion. IFNARfl/flxFoxp3YFP-Cre mice cleared Armstrong infection normally, but had higher viral titers in sera, kidneys and lungs during chronic infection, and higher tumor burden than the WT controls. The enhanced activated phenotype was evident through transcriptome analysis of IFNARfl/flxFoxp3YFP-Cre mice Tregs during infection demonstrated differential expression of a unique gene signature characterized by elevated levels of genes involved in suppression and decreased levels of genes mediating apoptosis. Thus, IFN signaling in Tregs is beneficial to host resulting in a more effective antiviral response and augmented antitumor immunity. Type I interferons (IFNs) play a predominant role in the immune response to infectious pathogens. The cellular targets of IFNs have been difficult to dissect because of the ubiquitous expression of the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR). The immune response of mice to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is one of the major models for analyzing the action of IFNs. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been implicated in the control of LCMV and it has been proposed that IFN may influence their function. The major goal of this study was to define the contribution of IFN signaling on Treg function during different stages LCMV infection. Tregs from mice with selective deletion of IFNAR manifested enhanced suppressive activity during acute/chronic LCMV infection resulting in increased CD8 T cell anergy, defective generation of memory T cells and persistence of virus. Similar effects of IFNAR signaling in Tregs were seen in a tumor model. We identified a unique set of genes in Tregs modulated by IFN signaling that may contribute to the enhanced suppressive function of IFNAR deficient Tregs. IFNs play a beneficial role during acute/chronic viral infections not only by contributing to viral clearance but also by attenuating the function of Tregs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Arenaviridae Infections/drug therapy
- Arenaviridae Infections/immunology
- Arenaviridae Infections/metabolism
- Arenaviridae Infections/virology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/virology
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Interferon Type I/pharmacology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/drug therapy
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/immunology
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/metabolism
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/virology
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/drug effects
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/virology
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunakumar Gangaplara
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Craig Martens
- Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Eric Dahlstrom
- Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Amina Metidji
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ameya S. Gokhale
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Deborah D. Glass
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Maria Lopez-Ocasio
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Rachel Baur
- Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Kishore Kanakabandi
- Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Stephen F. Porcella
- Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Ethan M. Shevach
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Fedeli C, Torriani G, Galan-Navarro C, Moraz ML, Moreno H, Gerold G, Kunz S. Axl Can Serve as Entry Factor for Lassa Virus Depending on the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan. J Virol 2018; 92:e01613-17. [PMID: 29237830 PMCID: PMC5809728 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01613-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatal infection with the highly pathogenic Lassa virus (LASV) is characterized by extensive viral dissemination, indicating broad tissue tropism. The major cellular receptor for LASV is the highly conserved extracellular matrix receptor dystroglycan (DG). Binding of LASV depends on DG's tissue-specific posttranslational modification with the unusual O-linked polysaccharide matriglycan. Interestingly, functional glycosylation of DG does not always correlate with viral tropism observed in vivo The broadly expressed phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors Axl and Tyro3 were recently identified as alternative LASV receptor candidates. However, their role in LASV entry is not entirely understood. Here, we examine LASV receptor candidates in primary human cells and found coexpression of Axl with differentially glycosylated DG. To study LASV receptor use in the context of productive arenavirus infection, we employed recombinant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus expressing LASV glycoprotein (rLCMV-LASV GP) as a validated biosafety level 2 (BSL2) model. We confirm and extend previous work showing that Axl can contribute to LASV entry in the absence of functional DG using "apoptotic mimicry" in a way similar to that of other enveloped viruses. We further show that Axl-dependent LASV entry requires receptor activation and involves a pathway resembling macropinocytosis. Axl-mediated LASV entry is facilitated by heparan sulfate and critically depends on the late endosomal protein LAMP-1 as an intracellular entry factor. In endothelial cells expressing low levels of functional DG, both receptors are engaged by the virus and can contribute to productive entry. In sum, we characterize the role of Axl in LASV entry and provide a rationale for targeting Axl in antiviral therapy.IMPORTANCE The highly pathogenic arenavirus Lassa virus (LASV) represents a serious public health problem in Africa. Although the principal LASV receptor, dystroglycan (DG), is ubiquitously expressed, virus binding critically depends on DG's posttranslational modification, which does not always correlate with tissue tropism. The broadly expressed phosphatidylserine receptor Axl was recently identified as an alternative LASV receptor candidate, but its role in LASV entry is unclear. Here, we investigate the exact role of Axl in LASV entry as a function of DG's posttranslational modification. We found that in the absence of functional DG, Axl can mediate LASV entry via apoptotic mimicry. Productive entry requires virus-induced receptor activation, involves macropinocytosis, and critically depends on LAMP-1. In endothelial cells that express low levels of glycosylated DG, both receptors can promote LASV entry. In sum, our study defines the roles of Axl in LASV entry and provides a rationale for targeting Axl in antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fedeli
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Torriani
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clara Galan-Navarro
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Lymphatic and Cancer Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Féderale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Hector Moreno
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gisa Gerold
- TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute for Experimental Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Kunz
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Bowick GC, McAuley AJ. Meta-analysis of high-throughput datasets reveals cellular responses following hemorrhagic fever virus infection. Viruses 2011; 3:613-9. [PMID: 21994748 PMCID: PMC3185756 DOI: 10.3390/v3050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuing use of high-throughput assays to investigate cellular responses to infection is providing a large repository of information. Due to the large number of differentially expressed transcripts, often running into the thousands, the majority of these data have not been thoroughly investigated. Advances in techniques for the downstream analysis of high-throughput datasets are providing additional methods for the generation of additional hypotheses for further investigation. The large number of experimental observations, combined with databases that correlate particular genes and proteins with canonical pathways, functions and diseases, allows for the bioinformatic exploration of functional networks that may be implicated in replication or pathogenesis. Herein, we provide an example of how analysis of published high-throughput datasets of cellular responses to hemorrhagic fever virus infection can generate additional functional data. We describe enrichment of genes involved in metabolism, post-translational modification and cardiac damage; potential roles for specific transcription factors and a conserved involvement of a pathway based around cyclooxygenase-2. We believe that these types of analyses can provide virologists with additional hypotheses for continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin C. Bowick
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; E-Mail:
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-409-772-4043; Fax: +1-409-772-5065
| | - Alexander J. McAuley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; E-Mail:
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12
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Pozner RG, Ure AE, Jaquenod de Giusti C, D'Atri LP, Italiano JE, Torres O, Romanowski V, Schattner M, Gómez RM. Junín virus infection of human hematopoietic progenitors impairs in vitro proplatelet formation and platelet release via a bystander effect involving type I IFN signaling. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1000847. [PMID: 20419155 PMCID: PMC2855331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF) is an endemo-epidemic disease caused by Junín virus (JUNV), a member of the arenaviridae family. Although a recently introduced live attenuated vaccine has proven to be effective, AHF remains a potentially lethal infection. Like in other viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF), AHF patients present with fever and hemorrhagic complications. Although the causes of the bleeding are poorly understood, impaired hemostasis, endothelial cell dysfunction and low platelet counts have been described. Thrombocytopenia is a common feature in VHF syndromes, and it is a major sign for its diagnosis. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanism has not yet been elucidated. We hypothesized that thrombocytopenia results from a viral-triggered alteration of the megakaryo/thrombopoiesis process. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of JUNV on megakaryopoiesis using an in vitro model of human CD34+ cells stimulated with thrombopoietin. Our results showed that CD34+ cells are infected with JUNV in a restricted fashion. Infection was transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1)-dependent and the surface expression of TfR1 was higher in infected cultures, suggesting a novel arenaviral dissemination strategy in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Although proliferation, survival, and commitment in JUNV-infected cultures were normal, viral infection impaired thrombopoiesis by decreasing in vitro proplatelet formation, platelet release, and P-selectin externalization via a bystander effect. The decrease in platelet release was also TfR1-dependent, mimicked by poly(I:C), and type I interferon (IFN α/β) was implicated as a key paracrine mediator. Among the relevant molecules studied, only the transcription factor NF-E2 showed a moderate decrease in expression in megakaryocytes from either infected cultures or after type I IFN treatment. Moreover, type I IFN-treated megakaryocytes presented ultrastructural abnormalities resembling the reported thrombocytopenic NF-E2−/− mouse phenotype. Our study introduces a potential mechanism for thrombocytopenia in VHF and other diseases associated with increased bone marrow type I IFN levels. Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF) is an endemo-epidemic disease caused by Junín virus (JUNV). Although a recently introduced live attenuated vaccine has proven to be effective, AHF remains a potentially lethal infection and JUNV is considered to be a potential biological weapon. Like other viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF), AHF patients present fever with a combination of neurological and bleeding complications. Although the causes of the bleeding are poorly understood, impaired hemostasis and endothelial cell function as well as low platelet counts have been described. In this study, we have examined the impact of JUNV on an in vitro model of platelet production. We found that neither infection of hematopoietic progenitors with JUNV nor poly(I:C) (a double-stranded RNA that mimics viral infection) affected cell survival or megakaryocyte generation. However, these treatments triggered the main anti-viral cytokines produced by host type I IFN (IFN α/β), which acted in a paracrine fashion and led to abnormal platelet formation. Thus, this study identifies type I IFN as a new regulator that selectively affects the last steps of megakaryocyte lifespan, and it suggests a potential mechanism for thrombocytopenia in AHF and other diseases associated with increased bone marrow type I IFN levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G. Pozner
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Hematological Research Institute “Mariano R Castex”, National Academy of Medicine, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín E. Ure
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Institute, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Lina P. D'Atri
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Hematological Research Institute “Mariano R Castex”, National Academy of Medicine, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joseph E. Italiano
- Division of Translational Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Vascular Biology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Oscar Torres
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Hematological Research Institute “Mariano R Castex”, National Academy of Medicine, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victor Romanowski
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Institute, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mirta Schattner
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Hematological Research Institute “Mariano R Castex”, National Academy of Medicine, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (MS); (RMG)
| | - Ricardo M. Gómez
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Institute, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail: (MS); (RMG)
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13
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García CC, Ellenberg PC, Artuso MC, Scolaro LA, Damonte EB. Characterization of Junín virus particles inactivated by a zinc finger-reactive compound. Virus Res 2009; 143:106-13. [PMID: 19463727 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies reported the inhibitory action against arenaviruses of antiretroviral zinc finger-reactive compounds provided by the National Cancer Institute (USA). These compounds were able to inactivate virions as well as to reduce virus yields from infected cells. Here, the inactivation of the arenavirus Junín (JUNV), agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, by the aromatic disulfide NSC20625 was analyzed. The treatment of purified JUNV with this compound eliminated infectivity apparently through irreversible modifications in the matrix Z protein detected by: (a) alterations in the electrophoretic migration profile of Z under non-reducing conditions; (b) an electrodense labeling in the internal layer beneath the envelope and around the matrix Z protein, in negatively stained preparations; (c) changes in the subcellular localization of Z in cells transfected with a recombinant fusion protein JUNVZ-eGFP. The infection of Vero cells with JUNV inactivated particles was blocked at the uncoating of viral nucleocapsid from endosomes, providing new evidence for a functional role of Z in this stage of arenavirus cycle. Furthermore, the inactivated JUNV particles retained the immunoreactivity of the surface glycoprotein GP1 suggesting that this disulfide may be useful in the pursuit of an inactivating agent to obtain a vaccine antigen or diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cybele C García
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Bowick GC, Fennewald SM, Scott EP, Zhang L, Elsom BL, Aronson JF, Spratt HM, Luxon BA, Gorenstein DG, Herzog NK. Identification of differentially activated cell-signaling networks associated with pichinde virus pathogenesis by using systems kinomics. J Virol 2006; 81:1923-33. [PMID: 17151108 PMCID: PMC1797588 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02199-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation plays a key role in regulating many signaling pathways. Although studies investigating the phosphorylated forms of signaling pathways are now commonplace, global analysis of protein phosphorylation and kinase activity has lagged behind genomics and proteomics. We have used a kinomics approach to study the effect of virus infection on host cell signaling in infected guinea pigs. Delineating the host responses which lead to clearance of a pathogen requires the use of a matched, comparative model system. We have used two passage variants of the arenavirus Pichinde, used as a biosafety level 2 model of Lassa fever virus as it produces similar pathologies in guinea pigs and humans, to compare the host cell responses between infections which lead to either a mild, self-limiting infection or lethal disease. Using this model, we can begin to understand the differences in signaling events which give rise to these markedly different outcomes. By contextualizing these data using pathway analysis, we have identified key differences in cellular signaling matrices. By comparing these differentially involved networks, we have identified a number of key signaling "nodes" which show differential phosphorylations between mild and lethal infections. We believe that these nodes provide potential targets for the development of antiviral therapies by acting at the level of the host response rather than by directly targeting viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin C Bowick
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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15
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Bowick GC, Fennewald SM, Elsom BL, Aronson JF, Luxon BA, Gorenstein DG, Herzog NK. Differential signaling networks induced by mild and lethal hemorrhagic fever virus infections. J Virol 2006; 80:10248-52. [PMID: 17005702 PMCID: PMC1617297 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01384-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Arenaviridae includes several National Institutes of Allergy and Infections Diseases category A select agents which cause hemorrhagic fever. There are few vaccines available, and treatment is limited to ribavirin, which varies in efficacy. Development of new antiviral compounds has been hindered by a lack of understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis. We used two variants of Pichinde virus, one attenuated and one virulent in the guinea pig model, to delineate the host determinants which lead to either viral clearance or lethal disease. By analyzing protein level changes using pathway analysis, we have identified key intermediates which may be targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin C Bowick
- University of Texas Medical Branch, 201 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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16
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Kim KI, Yan M, Malakhova O, Luo JK, Shen MF, Zou W, de la Torre JC, Zhang DE. Ube1L and protein ISGylation are not essential for alpha/beta interferon signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:472-9. [PMID: 16382139 PMCID: PMC1346917 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.26.2.472-479.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of ubiquitin-like modifier ISG15 and its conjugation to target proteins are highly induced by interferon (IFN) stimulation and during viral and bacterial infections. However, the biological significance of this modification has not been clearly understood. To investigate the function of protein modification by ISG15, we generated a mouse model deficient in UBE1L, an ISG15-activating enzyme. Ube1L-/- mice did not produce ISG15 conjugates but expressed free ISG15 normally. ISGylation has been implicated in the reproduction and innate immunity. However, Ube1L-/- mice were fertile and exhibited normal antiviral responses against vesicular stomatitis virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Our results indicate that UBE1L and protein ISGylation are not critical for IFN-alpha/beta signaling via JAK/STAT activation. Moreover, using Ube1L/Ubp43 double-deficient mice, we showed that lack of UBP43, but not the increase of protein ISGylation, is related to the increased IFN signaling in Ubp43-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Il Kim
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Mailstop L-51, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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17
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Hahm B, Trifilo MJ, Zuniga EI, Oldstone MBA. Viruses evade the immune system through type I interferon-mediated STAT2-dependent, but STAT1-independent, signaling. Immunity 2005; 22:247-57. [PMID: 15723812 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Revised: 12/10/2004] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding, treating, and preventing diseases caused by immunosuppression and/or persistent infections remain both a major challenge in biomedical research and an important health goal. For a virus or any infectious agent to persist, it must utilize strategies to suppress or evade the host's immune response. Here, we report that two dissimilar viruses employ a common maneuver to cause a profound immunosuppression. Measles virus (MV) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) interfere with dendritic cell (DC) development and expansion in vivo and in vitro. The underlying mechanism for this is through the generation of type I interferon (IFN) that acts via a signal transducer and activator of a transcription (STAT)2-dependent, but STAT1-independent, pathway. Thus, viruses subvert the known antiviral effect of type I IFN through STAT2-specific signaling to benefit their survival. These observations have implications for understanding and developing therapies to treat diseases caused by immunosuppression and/or persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumsuk Hahm
- Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, Department of Infectology , The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Suzuki N, Suzuki S, Duncan GS, Millar DG, Wada T, Mirtsos C, Takada H, Wakeham A, Itie A, Li S, Penninger JM, Wesche H, Ohashi PS, Mak TW, Yeh WC. Severe impairment of interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptor signalling in mice lacking IRAK-4. Nature 2002; 416:750-6. [PMID: 11923871 DOI: 10.1038/nature736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and members of the pro-inflammatory interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family, share homologies in their cytoplasmic domains called Toll/IL-1R/plant R gene homology (TIR) domains. Intracellular signalling mechanisms mediated by TIRs are similar, with MyD88 (refs 5-8) and TRAF6 (refs 9, 10) having critical roles. Signal transduction between MyD88 and TRAF6 is known to involve the serine-threonine kinase IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) and two homologous proteins, IRAK-2 (ref. 12) and IRAK-M. However, the physiological functions of the IRAK molecules remain unclear, and gene-targeting studies have shown that IRAK-1 is only partially required for IL-1R and TLR signalling. Here we show by gene-targeting that IRAK-4, an IRAK molecule closely related to the Drosophila Pelle protein, is indispensable for the responses of animals and cultured cells to IL-1 and ligands that stimulate various TLRs. IRAK-4-deficient animals are completely resistant to a lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, animals lacking IRAK-4 are severely impaired in their responses to viral and bacterial challenges. Our results indicate that IRAK-4 has an essential role in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Suzuki
- Amgen Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 620 University Avenue, Suite 706, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
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19
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Abstract
alpha-Dystroglycan (DG) has been identified as the cellular receptor for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and Lassa fever virus (LFV). This subunit of DG is a highly versatile cell surface molecule that provides a molecular link between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and a beta-DG transmembrane component, which interacts with the actin-based cytoskeleton. In addition, DG exhibits a complex pattern of interaction with a wide variety of ECM and cellular proteins. In the present study, we characterized the binding of LCMV to alpha-DG and addressed the role of alpha-DG-associated host-derived proteins in virus infection. We found that the COOH-terminal region of alpha-DG's first globular domain and the NH2-terminal region of the mucin-related structures of alpha-DG together form the binding site for LCMV. The virus-alpha-DG binding unlike ECM alpha-DG interactions was not dependent on divalent cations. Despite such differences in binding, LCMV and laminin-1 use, in part, an overlapping binding site on alpha-DG, and the ability of an LCMV isolate to compete with laminin-1 for receptor binding is determined by its binding affinity to alpha-DG. This competition of the virus with ECM molecules for receptor binding likely explains the recently found correlation between the affinity of LCMV binding to alpha-DG, tissue tropism, and pathological potential. LCMV strains and variants with high binding affinity to alpha-DG but not low affinity binders are able to infect CD11c+ dendritic cells, which express alpha-DG at their surface. Infection followed by dysfunction of these antigen-presenting cells contributes to immunosuppression and persistent viral infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kunz
- The Scripps Research Institute, Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Ignat'ev GM, Kashentseva EA, Kaliberov SA, Prozorovskiĭ NS. [Experimental study of the effect of the drug desferal and serum against tumor necrosis factor on the course of the infectious process in arenaviral hemorrhagic fever]. Antibiot Khimioter 1996; 41:30-4. [PMID: 8929116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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21
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Abstract
The lethal events of Pichinide virus infections were studied in large (> 36-week-old), small (4- to 6-week-old), and uninfected strain 13 guinea pigs. Time to death was shorter and the rate of body weight loss greater for large than for small virus-infected guinea pigs. Severely ill large guinea pigs developed a life-threatening, nonlactate metabolic acidemia with an increased anion gap, hypokalemia, and renal failure. Small infected guinea pigs near death demonstrated a modest increase in blood and plasma volume indices and in lung and heart permeability to albumin. This group showed a severe hypoxemia, elevated blood lactate, and bicarbonate ion concentrations with a doubled respiratory rate. These findings are consistent with respiratory failure due to obstruction of small airways. Although virus-infected guinea pig endothelial cells showed a decrease in DNA and protein synthesis, no change in bradykinin-induced intracellular calcium signaling was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Schaeffer
- Benjamin W. Zweifach Microcirculation Laboratories, VA Medical Center, Tucson, AZ 85723
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Qian C, Liu CT, Peters CJ. Increased platelet-activating factor (PAF) concentrations in hearts and lungs of Pichinde virus-infected guinea pigs. J Lipid Mediat 1992; 5:261-70. [PMID: 1334721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been implicated as a cause of cardiopulmonary disturbances in certain diseases. In the present study, concentrations of PAF in hearts, lungs, whole blood, and other organs of control and Pichinde virus-infected guinea pigs on post-inoculation days (PID) 10 and 14 were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results were further confirmed by bioassay after separation and purification with thin-layer chromatography. PAF concentration in the hearts and lungs of virus-infected animals increased significantly on PID 10 and 14, as compared with control levels. PAF level in the blood of infected guinea pigs also significantly increased on PID 14. There was little change of PAF levels in liver and kidney after viral inoculation. Increased PAF concentrations in both hearts and lungs of infected strain 13 guinea pigs suggest that this lipid mediator may play an important role in the development of cardiopulmonary disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Qian
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Physiology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5011
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