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Tesfaye M, Breuer L. Performance of water indices for large-scale water resources monitoring using Sentinel-2 data in Ethiopia. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:467. [PMID: 38649620 PMCID: PMC11035413 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Evaluating the performance of water indices and water-related ecosystems is crucial for Ethiopia. This is due to limited information on the availability and distribution of water resources at the country scale, despite its critical role in sustainable water management, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem resilience. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of seven water indices and select the best-performing indices for detecting surface water at country scale. Sentinel-2 data from December 1, 2021, to November 30, 2022, were used for the evaluation and processed using the Google Earth Engine. The indices were evaluated using qualitative visual inspection and quantitative accuracy indicators of overall accuracy, producer's accuracy, and user's accuracy. Results showed that the water index (WI) and automatic water extraction index with shadow (AWEIsh) were the most accurate ones to extract surface water. For the latter, WI and AWEIsh obtained an overall accuracy of 96% and 95%, respectively. Both indices had approximately the same spatial coverage of surface water with 82,650 km2 (WI) and 86,530 km2 (AWEIsh) for the whole of Ethiopia. The results provide a valuable insight into the extent of surface water bodies, which is essential for water resource planners and decision-makers. Such data can also play a role in monitoring the country's reservoirs, which are important for the country's energy and economic development. These results suggest that by applying the best-performing indices, better monitoring and management of water resources would be possible to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 6 at the regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Tesfaye
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Lutz Breuer
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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2
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Herzog P. Understanding trauma as contextualized adverse life events that threaten the individual: Commentary in response to Marx et al. (2024). J Trauma Stress 2024. [PMID: 38648086 DOI: 10.1002/jts.23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In this commentary, I propose that a person-oriented and research-focused approach can stimulate the discussion on the definition of a traumatic stressor and help to refine Criterion A in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Particularly, I suggest that a contextual perspective focusing on the interaction between event features and person-related factors captures more adequately the individual perception of and cognitions related to extremely threatening adverse life events for a diversity of individuals exposed to trauma. In future debate, I encourage the involvement of patients and the public and urge consideration of all potential consequences for practice and research that can directly result from changes to Criterion A (e.g., the heterogenization of posttraumatic stress disorder).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Herzog
- Department of Psychology, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Landau, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Carbone J, Bibian C, Born J, Forcato C, Diekelmann S. Comparing targeted memory reactivation during slow wave sleep and sleep stage 2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9057. [PMID: 38643331 PMCID: PMC11032354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep facilitates declarative memory consolidation, which is assumed to rely on the reactivation of newly encoded memories orchestrated by the temporal interplay of slow oscillations (SO), fast spindles and ripples. SO as well as the number of spindles coupled to SO are more frequent during slow wave sleep (SWS) compared to lighter sleep stage 2 (S2). But, it is unclear whether memory reactivation is more effective during SWS than during S2. To test this question, we applied Targeted Memory Reactivation (TMR) in a declarative memory design by presenting learning-associated sound cues during SWS vs. S2 in a counterbalanced within-subject design. Contrary to our hypothesis, memory performance was not significantly better when cues were presented during SWS. Event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes were significantly higher for cues presented during SWS than S2, and the density of SO and SO-spindle complexes was generally higher during SWS than during S2. Whereas SO density increased during and after the TMR period, SO-spindle complexes decreased. None of the parameters were associated with memory performance. These findings suggest that the efficacy of TMR does not depend on whether it is administered during SWS or S2, despite differential processing of memory cues in these sleep stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Carbone
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carlos Bibian
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Tübingen, Germany
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cecilia Forcato
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Memoria, Depto. de Ciencias de La Vida, Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susanne Diekelmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Laskar R, Dutta S, Spies JC, Mukherjee P, Rentería-Gómez Á, Thielemann RE, Daniliuc CG, Gutierrez O, Glorius F. γ-Amino Alcohols via Energy Transfer Enabled Brook Rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10899-10907. [PMID: 38569596 PMCID: PMC11027157 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In the long-standing quest to synthesize fundamental building blocks with key functional group motifs, photochemistry in the recent past has comprehensively established its attractiveness. Amino alcohols are not only functionally diverse but are ubiquitous in the biologically active realm of compounds. We developed bench-stable bifunctional reagents that could then access the sparsely reported γ-amino alcohols directly from feedstock alkenes through energy transfer (EnT) photocatalysis. A designed 1,3-linkage across alkenes is made possible by the intervention of a radical Brook rearrangement that takes place downstream to the EnT-mediated homolysis of our reagent(s). A combination of experimental mechanistic investigations and detailed computational studies (DFT) indicates a radical chain propagated reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjini Laskar
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan C. Spies
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Poulami Mukherjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 77843 College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Ángel Rentería-Gómez
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 77843 College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Thielemann
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 77843 College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Stengl C, Muñoz ID, Arbes E, Rauth E, Christensen JB, Vedelago J, Runz A, Jäkel O, Seco J. Dosimetric study for breathing-induced motion effects in an abdominal pancreas phantom for carbon ion mini-beam radiotherapy. Med Phys 2024. [PMID: 38631000 DOI: 10.1002/mp.17077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particle mini-beam therapy exhibits promise in sparing healthy tissue through spatial fractionation, particularly notable for heavy ions, further enhancing the already favorable differential biological effectiveness at both target and entrance regions. However, breathing-induced organ motion affects particle mini-beam irradiation schemes since the organ displacements exceed the mini-beam structure dimensions, decreasing the advantages of spatial fractionation. PURPOSE In this study, the impact of breathing-induced organ motion on the dose distribution was examined at the target and organs at risk(OARs) during carbon ion mini-beam irradiation for pancreatic cancer. METHODS As a first step, the carbon ion mini-beam pattern was characterized with Monte Carlo simulations. To analyze the impact of breathing-induced organ motion on the dose distribution of a virtual pancreas tumor as target and related OARs, the anthropomorphic Pancreas Phantom for Ion beam Therapy (PPIeT) was irradiated with carbon ions. A mini-beam collimator was used to deliver a spatially fractionated dose distribution. During irradiation, varying breathing motion amplitudes were induced, ranging from 5 to 15 mm. Post-irradiation, the 2D dose pattern was analyzed, focusing on the full width at half maximum (FWHM), center-to-center distance (ctc), and the peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR). RESULTS The mini-beam pattern was visible within OARs, while in the virtual pancreas tumor a more homogeneous dose distribution was achieved. Applied motion affected the mini-beam pattern within the kidney, one of the OARs, reducing the PVDR from 3.78 ± $\pm$ 0.12 to 1.478 ± $\pm$ 0.070 for the 15 mm motion amplitude. In the immobile OARs including the spine and the skin at the back, the PVDR did not change within 3.4% comparing reference and motion conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an initial understanding of how breathing-induced organ motion affects spatial fractionation during carbon ion irradiation, using an anthropomorphic phantom. A decrease in the PVDR was observed in the right kidney when breathing-induced motion was applied, potentially increasing the risk of damage to OARs. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the clinical viability of mini-beam radiotherapy with carbon ions when irradiating abdominal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Stengl
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iván D Muñoz
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department for Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric Arbes
- Department for Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Rauth
- Department for Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeppe B Christensen
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
| | - José Vedelago
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin Runz
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Jäkel
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joao Seco
- Department for Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Sopbué Fondjo E, Songmi Feuze S, Tamokou JDD, Tsopmo A, Doungmo G, Friedrich Wilhelm PS, Feugap Tsamo DL, Lenta Ndjakou B, Kuiate JR. Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity studies of two Co(II) complexes with 2-[(E)-(3-acetyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene-3-carboxylic acid as a ligand. BMC Chem 2024; 18:75. [PMID: 38627757 PMCID: PMC11022391 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Two new Cobalt(II) complexes 12 and 13 have been synthesized from 2-[(E)-(3-acetyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene-3-carboxylic acid (11) as a novel ligand. These three new compounds were characterized on the basis of their powder X-Ray Diffraction, UV-Vis, IR, NMR, elemental analysis and MS spectral data. DFT/B3LYP mode of calculations were carried out to determine some theorical parameters of the molecular structure of the ligand. The purity of the azoic ligand and the metal complexes were ascertained by TLC and melting points. The analysis of the IR spectra of the polyfunctionalized azo compound 11 and its metal complexes 12 and 13, reveals that the coordination patterns of the ligand are hexadentate and tetradentate respectively. Based on the UV-Vis electronic spectral data and relevant literature reports, the ligand and derived complexes were assigned the E (trans) isomer form. Likewise, octahedral and square-planar geometries were respectively assigned to the cobalt(II) complexes. The broth microdilution method was used for antibacterial assays through the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The ligand 11 displayed moderate antibacterial activity (MIC = 32-128 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae 22. The octahedral cobalt(II) complex 12 showed moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 128 μg/mL) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 22 (MIC = 64 μg/mL) and none against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922, whereas the square-planar complex 13 displayed moderate activity only on Klebsiella pneumoniae 22 (MIC = 64 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sopbué Fondjo
- Laboratory of Applied Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Republic of Cameroon.
| | - Sorelle Songmi Feuze
- Laboratory of Applied Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Republic of Cameroon
| | - Jean-de-Dieu Tamokou
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 067, Dschang, Republic of Cameroon
| | - Apollinaire Tsopmo
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Giscard Doungmo
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Simon Friedrich Wilhelm
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Live Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Campus Kleve, Marie-Curie Strasse 1, 47533, Kleve, Germany
| | - Donald Léonel Feugap Tsamo
- Laboratory of Applied Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Republic of Cameroon
| | - Bruno Lenta Ndjakou
- Higher Teacher's Training College, University of Yaounde I, P. O. Box 47, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jules Roger Kuiate
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 067, Dschang, Republic of Cameroon
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Kabelitz D, Cierna L, Juraske C, Zarobkiewicz M, Schamel WW, Peters C. Empowering γδ T-cell functionality with vitamin C. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2451028. [PMID: 38616772 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a potent antioxidant and a cofactor for various enzymes including histone demethylases and methylcytosine dioxygenases. Vitamin C also exerts direct cytotoxicity toward selected tumor cells including colorectal carcinoma. Moreover, vitamin C has been shown to impact immune cell differentiation at various levels including maturation and/or functionality of T cells and their progenitors, dendritic cells, B cells, and NK cells. γδ T cells have recently attracted great interest as effector cells for cell-based cancer immunotherapy, due to their HLA-independent recognition of a large variety of tumor cells. While γδ T cells can thus be also applied as an allogeneic off-the-shelf product, it is obvious that the effector function of γδ T cells needs to be optimized to ensure the best possible clinical efficacy. Here we review the immunomodulatory mechanisms of vitamin C with a special focus on how vitamin C enhances the effector function of γδ T cells. We also discuss future directions of how vitamin C can be used in the clinical setting to boost the efficacy of adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lea Cierna
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Juraske
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michal Zarobkiewicz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Schamel
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Centre Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Peters
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Kuo YT, Schubert V, Marques A, Schubert I, Houben A. Centromere diversity: How different repeat-based holocentromeres may have evolved. Bioessays 2024:e2400013. [PMID: 38593286 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In addition to monocentric eukaryotes, which have a single localized centromere on each chromosome, there are holocentric species, with extended repeat-based or repeat-less centromeres distributed over the entire chromosome length. At least two types of repeat-based holocentromeres exist, one composed of many small repeat-based centromere units (small unit-type), and another one characterized by a few large centromere units (large unit-type). We hypothesize that the transposable element-mediated dispersal of hundreds of short satellite arrays formed the small centromere unit-type holocentromere in Rhynchospora pubera. The large centromere unit-type of the plant Chionographis japonica is likely a product of simultaneous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which initiated the de novo formation of repeat-based holocentromeres via insertion of satellite DNA, derived from extra-chromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs). The number of initial DSBs along the chromosomes must be higher than the number of centromere units since only a portion of the breaks will have incorporated eccDNA at an appropriate position to serve as future centromere unit sites. Subsequently, preferential incorporation of the centromeric histone H3 variant at these positions is assumed. The identification of repeat-based holocentromeres across lineages will unveil the centromere plasticity and elucidate the mechanisms underlying the diverse formation of holocentromeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tzu Kuo
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Veit Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - André Marques
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Andreas Houben
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
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Baykan C, Zhu X, Zinchenko A, Shi Z. Blocked versus interleaved: How range contexts modulate time perception and its EEG signatures. Psychophysiology 2024:e14585. [PMID: 38594873 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Accurate time perception is a crucial element in a wide range of cognitive tasks, including decision-making, memory, and motor control. One commonly observed phenomenon is that when given a range of time intervals to consider, people's estimates often cluster around the midpoint of those intervals. Previous studies have suggested that the range of these intervals can also influence our judgments, but the neural mechanisms behind this "range effect" are not yet understood. We used both behavioral tests and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures to understand how the range of sample time intervals affects the accuracy of people's subsequent time estimates. Study participants were exposed to two different setups: In the "blocked-range" (BR) session, short and long intervals were presented in separate blocks, whereas in the "interleaved-range" (IR) session, intervals of various lengths were presented randomly. Our findings indicated that the BR context led to more accurate time estimates compared to the IR context. In terms of EEG data, the BR context resulted in quicker buildup of contingent negative variation (CNV), which also reached higher amplitude levels and dissolved more rapidly during the encoding stage. We also observed an enhanced amplitude in the offset P2 component of the EEG signal. Overall, our results suggest that the variability in time intervals, as defined by their range, influences the neural processes that underlie time estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemre Baykan
- General and Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- General and Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiuna Zhu
- General and Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Artyom Zinchenko
- General and Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhuanghua Shi
- General and Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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10
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Kumar N, Prakash PG, Wentland C, Kurian SM, Jethva G, Brinkmann V, Mollenkopf HJ, Krammer T, Toussaint C, Saliba AE, Biebl M, Jürgensen C, Wiedenmann B, Meyer TF, Gurumurthy RK, Chumduri C. Decoding spatiotemporal transcriptional dynamics and epithelial fibroblast crosstalk during gastroesophageal junction development through single cell analysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3064. [PMID: 38594232 PMCID: PMC11004180 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastroesophageal squamocolumnar junction (GE-SCJ) is a critical tissue interface between the esophagus and stomach, with significant relevance in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal diseases. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms underlying GE-SCJ development remain unclear. Using single-cell transcriptomics, organoids, and spatial analysis, we examine the cellular heterogeneity and spatiotemporal dynamics of GE-SCJ development from embryonic to adult mice. We identify distinct transcriptional states and signaling pathways in the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments of the esophagus and stomach during development. Fibroblast-epithelial interactions are mediated by various signaling pathways, including WNT, BMP, TGF-β, FGF, EGF, and PDGF. Our results suggest that fibroblasts predominantly send FGF and TGF-β signals to the epithelia, while epithelial cells mainly send PDGF and EGF signals to fibroblasts. We observe differences in the ligands and receptors involved in cell-cell communication between the esophagus and stomach. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying GE-SCJ development and fibroblast-epithelial crosstalk involved, paving the way to elucidate mechanisms during adaptive metaplasia development and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Infections, Carcinogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Biotechnology Section, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Gaurav Jethva
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Volker Brinkmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Mollenkopf
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Krammer
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christophe Toussaint
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
- University of Würzburg, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Biebl
- Surgical Clinic Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Jürgensen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertram Wiedenmann
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rajendra Kumar Gurumurthy
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cindrilla Chumduri
- Laboratory of Infections, Carcinogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Biotechnology Section, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Chen X, Evans TG, Jeschke JM, Jähnig SC, He F. Global introductions and environmental impacts of freshwater megafish. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17289. [PMID: 38660818 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater megafish species, such as sturgeons, salmonids, carps, and catfishes, have a maximum reported weight ≥30 kg. Due to their charisma and economic value, they have been widely introduced outside of their native ranges. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the introduction of freshwater megafish and an assessment of their environmental impacts. Of the 134 extant freshwater megafish species, 46% have been introduced to new environments, and of these, 69% have established self-sustaining alien populations. These introductions affect 59% of the world's main basins, with the USA and western Europe being particular hotspots of megafish introductions. The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is the most widely introduced species. Using the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT and EICAT+) frameworks, we assessed the severity and type of negative and positive impacts posed by alien megafish on native species. Alien megafish caused negative impacts through nine different mechanisms, with predation being the most frequently reported mechanism, followed by herbivory and competition. Moreover, 58% of the alien megafish species with sufficient data to evaluate the severity of their impacts caused declining populations of native species, or worse, extirpations of native species populations. The positive environmental impacts of alien megafish were far less frequently documented. They include biotic interactions that benefit native species, and the provision of trophic resources or habitats. Widely introduced or extensively studied species are more likely to have documented severe impacts on native species. There is a clear trade-off between the economic benefits associated with megafish introductions and the severe adverse impacts they have on native biodiversity. Our study highlights the need for comprehensive risk assessments to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of megafish. More research and long-term monitoring schemes are required to inform management actions to protect biodiversity, particularly in the Global South.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas G Evans
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Jeschke
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja C Jähnig
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fengzhi He
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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12
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Nevara GA, Muhammad SKS, Zawawi N, Mustapha NA, Karim R. Fractionation and physicochemical characterization of dietary fiber of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:3216-3227. [PMID: 38072678 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kenaf seeds are underutilized kenaf plant by-products, containing essential nutrients including dietary fiber (DF), which can be potentially utilized as food ingredients. The present study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of kenaf seed fiber fractions extracted from kenaf seed. RESULTS Defatted kenaf seed powder yielded four DF fractions: alkali-soluble hemicellulose (146.4 g kg-1 ), calcium-bound pectin (10.3 g kg-1 ) and acid-soluble pectin (25.4 g kg-1 ) made up the soluble fibre fraction, whereas cellulose (202.2 g kg-1 ) comprised the insoluble fraction. All fractions were evaluated for their physicochemical properties. The DF fractions contained glucose, mannose, xylose and arabinose, and a small amount of uronic acid (1.2-2.7 g kg-1 ). The isolated pectin fractions had a low degree of esterification (14-30%). All the isolated DF fractions had high average molecular weights ranging from 0.3 to 4.3 × 106 g mol-1 . X-ray diffractogram analysis revealed that the fractions consisted mainly of an amorphous structure with a relative crystallinity ranging from 31.6% to 44.1%. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum of kenaf seed and its DF fractions showed typical absorption of polysaccharides, with the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, acetyl and methyl groups. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the raw material with the rigid structure resulted in soluble and insoluble DF fractions with more fragile and fibrous appearances, respectively. The soluble DF demonstrated greater flowability and compressibility than the insoluble fractions. CONCLUSION These findings provide novel information on the DF fractions of kenaf seeds, which could be used as a potential new DF for the food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Addelia Nevara
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Mohammad Natsir Bukittinggi, Bukittinggi, Indonesia
| | | | - Norhasnida Zawawi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Afizah Mustapha
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Roselina Karim
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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13
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Wirchnianski AS, Nyakatura EK, Herbert AS, Kuehne AI, Abbasi SA, Florez C, Storm N, McKay LGA, Dailey L, Kuang E, Abelson DM, Wec AZ, Chakraborti S, Holtsberg FW, Shulenin S, Bornholdt ZA, Aman MJ, Honko AN, Griffiths A, Dye JM, Chandran K, Lai JR. Design and characterization of protective pan-ebolavirus and pan-filovirus bispecific antibodies. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012134. [PMID: 38603762 PMCID: PMC11037526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important class of antiviral therapeutics. MAbs are highly selective, well tolerated, and have long in vivo half-life as well as the capacity to induce immune-mediated virus clearance. Their activities can be further enhanced by integration of their variable fragments (Fvs) into bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), affording simultaneous targeting of multiple epitopes to improve potency and breadth and/or to mitigate against viral escape by a single mutation. Here, we explore a bsAb strategy for generation of pan-ebolavirus and pan-filovirus immunotherapeutics. Filoviruses, including Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), and Marburg virus (MARV), cause severe hemorrhagic fever. Although there are two FDA-approved mAb therapies for EBOV infection, these do not extend to other filoviruses. Here, we combine Fvs from broad ebolavirus mAbs to generate novel pan-ebolavirus bsAbs that are potently neutralizing, confer protection in mice, and are resistant to viral escape. Moreover, we combine Fvs from pan-ebolavirus mAbs with those of protective MARV mAbs to generate pan-filovirus protective bsAbs. These results provide guidelines for broad antiviral bsAb design and generate new immunotherapeutic candidates.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Humans
- Filoviridae/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Female
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Filoviridae Infections/immunology
- Filoviridae Infections/therapy
- Filoviridae Infections/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth K. Nyakatura
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shawn A. Abbasi
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Catalina Florez
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nadia Storm
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology; and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lindsay G. A. McKay
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology; and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leandrew Dailey
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Erin Kuang
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Dafna M. Abelson
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Anna Z. Wec
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Srinjoy Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Sergey Shulenin
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - M. Javad Aman
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anna N. Honko
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology; and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology; and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John M. Dye
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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14
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Tsai MS, Domroes T, Pentidis N, Koschinski S, Schroll A, Bohm S, Arampatzis A, Mersmann F. Effect of the temporal coordination and volume of cyclic mechanical loading on human Achilles tendon adaptation in men. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6875. [PMID: 38519507 PMCID: PMC10960029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Human tendons adapt to mechanical loading, yet there is little information on the effect of the temporal coordination of loading and recovery or the dose-response relationship. For this reason, we assigned adult men to either a control or intervention group. In the intervention group, the two legs were randomly assigned to one of five high-intensity Achilles tendon (AT) loading protocols (i.e., 90% maximum voluntary contraction and approximately 4.5 to 6.5% tendon strain) that were systematically modified in terms of loading frequency (i.e., sessions per week) and overall loading volume (i.e., total time under loading). Before, at mid-term (8 weeks) and after completion of the 16 weeks intervention, AT mechanical properties were determined using a combination of inverse dynamics and ultrasonography. The cross-sectional area (CSA) and length of the free AT were measured using magnetic resonance imaging pre- and post-intervention. The data analysis with a linear mixed model showed significant increases in muscle strength, rest length-normalized AT stiffness, and CSA of the free AT in the intervention group (p < 0.05), yet with no marked differences between protocols. No systematic effects were found considering the temporal coordination of loading and overall loading volume. In all protocols, the major changes in normalized AT stiffness occurred within the first 8 weeks and were mostly due to material rather than morphological changes. Our findings suggest that-in the range of 2.5-5 sessions per week and 180-300 s total high strain loading-the temporal coordination of loading and recovery and overall loading volume is rather secondary for tendon adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shiuan Tsai
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theresa Domroes
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Pentidis
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophia Koschinski
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Schroll
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bohm
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adamantios Arampatzis
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Mersmann
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Hashemi M, Schneider KA. Estimating multiplicity of infection, allele frequencies, and prevalences accounting for incomplete data. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0287161. [PMID: 38512826 PMCID: PMC10956774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular surveillance of infectious diseases allows the monitoring of pathogens beyond the granularity of traditional epidemiological approaches and is well-established for some of the most relevant infectious diseases such as malaria. The presence of genetically distinct pathogenic variants within an infection, referred to as multiplicity of infection (MOI) or complexity of infection (COI) is common in malaria and similar infectious diseases. It is an important metric that scales with transmission intensities, potentially affects the clinical pathogenesis, and a confounding factor when monitoring the frequency and prevalence of pathogenic variants. Several statistical methods exist to estimate MOI and the frequency distribution of pathogen variants. However, a common problem is the quality of the underlying molecular data. If molecular assays fail not randomly, it is likely to underestimate MOI and the prevalence of pathogen variants. METHODS AND FINDINGS A statistical model is introduced, which explicitly addresses data quality, by assuming a probability by which a pathogen variant remains undetected in a molecular assay. This is different from the assumption of missing at random, for which a molecular assay either performs perfectly or fails completely. The method is applicable to a single molecular marker and allows to estimate allele-frequency spectra, the distribution of MOI, and the probability of variants to remain undetected (incomplete information). Based on the statistical model, expressions for the prevalence of pathogen variants are derived and differences between frequency and prevalence are discussed. The usual desirable asymptotic properties of the maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) are established by rewriting the model into an exponential family. The MLE has promising finite sample properties in terms of bias and variance. The covariance matrix of the estimator is close to the Cramér-Rao lower bound (inverse Fisher information). Importantly, the estimator's variance is larger than that of a similar method which disregards incomplete information, but its bias is smaller. CONCLUSIONS Although the model introduced here has convenient properties, in terms of the mean squared error it does not outperform a simple standard method that neglects missing information. Thus, the new method is recommendable only for data sets in which the molecular assays produced poor-quality results. This will be particularly true if the model is extended to accommodate information from multiple molecular markers at the same time, and incomplete information at one or more markers leads to a strong depletion of sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meraj Hashemi
- Department of Applied Computer- and Biosciences, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Mittweida, Germany
| | - Kristan A. Schneider
- Department of Applied Computer- and Biosciences, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Mittweida, Germany
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16
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Lung S, Wang K, Pedersen NRH, Setzpfandt F, Sukhorukov AA. Robust Classical and Quantum Polarimetry with a Single Nanostructured Metagrating. ACS Photonics 2024; 11:1060-1067. [PMID: 38523750 PMCID: PMC10958599 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
We formulate a new conceptual approach for one-shot complete polarization state measurement with nanostructured metasurfaces applicable to classical light and multiphoton quantum states by drawing on the principles of generalized quantum measurements based on positive operator-valued measures. Accurate polarization reconstruction from a combination of photon counts or correlations from several diffraction orders is robust with respect to even strong fabrication inaccuracies, requiring only a single classical calibration of the metasurface transmission. Furthermore, this approach operates with a single metagrating without interleaving, allowing for a reduction in metasurface size while preserving high transmission efficiency and output beam quality. We theoretically obtained original metasurface designs, fabricated the metasurface from amorphous silicon nanostructures deposited on glass, and experimentally confirmed accurate polarization reconstruction of laser beams. We also anticipate robust operation under changes in environmental conditions, opening new possibilities for space-based imaging and satellite optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Lung
- Abbe
Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller
Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Jena 07745, Germany
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS),
Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of
Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Kai Wang
- Department
of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Nicolas R. H. Pedersen
- Abbe
Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller
Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Frank Setzpfandt
- Abbe
Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller
Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Jena 07745, Germany
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Andrey A. Sukhorukov
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS),
Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of
Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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17
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Acosta E, Nitsche F, Dorador C, Arndt H. Protist communities of microbial mats from the extreme environments of five saline Andean lagoons at high altitudes in the Atacama Desert. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1356977. [PMID: 38572231 PMCID: PMC10987879 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1356977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heterotrophic protists colonizing microbial mats have received little attention over the last few years, despite their importance in microbial food webs. A significant challenge originates from the fact that many protists remain uncultivable and their functions remain poorly understood. Methods Metabarcoding studies of protists in microbial mats across high-altitude lagoons of different salinities (4.3-34 practical salinity units) were carried out to provide insights into their vertical stratification at the millimeter scale. DNA and cDNA were analyzed for selected stations. Results Sequence variants classified as the amoeboid rhizarian Rhogostoma and the ciliate Euplotes were found to be common members of the heterotrophic protist communities. They were accompanied by diatoms and kinetoplastids. Correlation analyses point to the salinity of the water column as a main driver influencing the structure of the protist communities at the five studied microbial mats. The active part of the protist communities was detected to be higher at lower salinities (<20 practical salinity units). Discussion We found a restricted overlap of the protist community between the different microbial mats indicating the uniqueness of these different aquatic habitats. On the other hand, the dominating genotypes present in metabarcoding were similar and could be isolated and sequenced in comparative studies (Rhogostoma, Euplotes, Neobodo). Our results provide a snapshot of the unculturable protist diversity thriving the benthic zone of five athalossohaline lagoons across the Andean plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Acosta
- Department of General Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Nitsche
- Department of General Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cristina Dorador
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Hartmut Arndt
- Department of General Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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18
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Briatico G, Bocherens H, Geraads D, Melis RT, Mussi M. The Pleistocene high-elevation environments between 2.02 and 0.6 Ma at Melka Kunture (Upper Awash Valley, Ethiopia) based upon stable isotope analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6619. [PMID: 38503829 PMCID: PMC10950861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56768-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pleistocene environments are among the most studied issues in paleoecology and human evolution research in eastern Africa. Many data have been recorded from archaeological sites located at low and medium elevations (≤ 1500 m), whereas few contexts are known at 2000 m and above. Here, we present a substantial isotopic study from Melka Kunture, a complex of prehistoric sites located at 2000-2200 m above sea level in the central Ethiopian highlands. We analyzed the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of 308 faunal tooth enamel samples from sites dated between 2.02 and 0.6 Ma to investigate the animal diets and habitats. The carbon isotopic results indicate that the analyzed taxa had C4-dominated and mixed C3-C4 diets with no significant diachronic changes in feeding behavior with time. This is consistent with faunal and phytolith analyses, which suggested environments characterized by open grasslands (with both C3 and C4 grasses), patches of bushes and thickets, and aquatic vegetation. However, palynological data previously documented mountain forests, woodlands, and high-elevation grasslands. Additionally, the carbon isotopic comparison with other eastern African localities shows that differences in elevation did not influence animal feeding strategies and habitat partitioning, even though plant species vary according to altitudinal gradients. In contrast, the oxygen isotopic comparison suggests significant differences consistent with the altitude effect. Our approach allows us to detect diverse aspects of animal behavior, habitat, and vegetation that should be considered when reconstructing past environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Briatico
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Dell'Antichità, Sapienza Università Di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
- Italo-Spanish Archaeological Mission at Melka Kunture and Balchit, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia.
| | - Hervé Bocherens
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Sigwartstrasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Denis Geraads
- CR2P, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, CP 38, 8 Rue Buffon, 75231, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Rita T Melis
- Italo-Spanish Archaeological Mission at Melka Kunture and Balchit, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Chimiche E Geologiche, Università Di Cagliari, 09042, Cittadella Di Monserrato, Italy
- CNR-IGAG, Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Mussi
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Dell'Antichità, Sapienza Università Di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Italo-Spanish Archaeological Mission at Melka Kunture and Balchit, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia
- ISMEO, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II 244, 00186, Rome, Italy
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19
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Corvaglia V, Wu J, Deepak D, Loos M, Huc I. Enhancing the Features of DNA Mimic Foldamers for Structural Investigations. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303650. [PMID: 38193643 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
DNA mimic foldamers based on aromatic oligoamide helices bearing anionic phosphonate side chains have been shown to bind to DNA-binding proteins sometimes orders of magnitude better than DNA itself. Here, we introduce new features in the DNA mimic foldamers to facilitate structural investigations of their interactions with proteins. Thirteen new foldamer sequences have been synthesized and characterized using NMR, circular dichroism, molecular modeling, and X-ray crystallography. The results show that foldamer helix handedness can be quantitatively biased by means of a single stereogenic center, that the foldamer structure can be made C2-symmetrical as in palindromic B-DNA sequences, and that associations between foldamer helices can be promoted utilizing dedicated C-terminal residues that act as sticky ends in B-DNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Corvaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Current address: Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (Italy) & Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering (CNTE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Jiaojiao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Deepak Deepak
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Loos
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
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20
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Jalil S, Hussain Z, Abid SMA, Hameed A, Iqbal J. Quinoline-sulfonamides as a multi-targeting neurotherapeutic for cognitive decline: in vitro, in silico studies and ADME evaluation of monoamine oxidases and cholinesterases inhibitors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8905-8920. [PMID: 38495980 PMCID: PMC10941260 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial irreversible neurological disorder with multiple enzymes involved. In the treatment of AD, multifunctional agents targeting cholinesterase (ChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have shown promising results. Herein, a series of novel quinoline-sulfonamides (a1-18) were designed and synthesized as a dual inhibitor of MAOs and ChEs. The in vitro results showed that compounds a5, a12, a11, and a6 exhibited the most potent compounds against specific enzymes. They had IC50 value 0.59 ± 0.04 for MAO-A, 0.47 ± 0.03 for MAO-B, 0.58 ± 0.05 for BChE and 1.10 ± 0.77 for AChE μM respectively. Furthermore, kinetic studies revealed that these compounds are competitive. Molecular docking studies enhanced the understanding of the in silico component, unveiling critical interactions, specifically the hydrogen bonding interaction, π-π, π-alkyl, π-amid and π-sulfur interactions between the ligand and enzymes. These findings suggest that compounds a5, a6, a11, a12, a15, and a18 may be potent multifunctional candidates for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saquib Jalil
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad, Centre for Advanced Drug Research Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad-22060 Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad, Centre for Advanced Drug Research Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad-22060 Pakistan
| | - Syed Mobashir Ali Abid
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad, Centre for Advanced Drug Research Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad-22060 Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal Sahiwal 57000 Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad, Centre for Advanced Drug Research Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad-22060 Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
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21
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Vorwerk J, Wolters CH, Baumgarten D. Global sensitivity of EEG source analysis to tissue conductivity uncertainties. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1335212. [PMID: 38532791 PMCID: PMC10963400 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1335212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To reliably solve the EEG inverse problem, accurate EEG forward solutions based on a detailed, individual volume conductor model of the head are essential. A crucial-but often neglected-aspect in generating a volume conductor model is the choice of the tissue conductivities, as these may vary from subject to subject. In this study, we investigate the sensitivity of EEG forward and inverse solutions to tissue conductivity uncertainties for sources distributed over the whole cortex surface. Methods We employ a detailed five-compartment head model distinguishing skin, skull, cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, and white matter, where we consider uncertainties of skin, skull, gray matter, and white matter conductivities. We use the finite element method (FEM) to calculate EEG forward solutions and goal function scans (GFS) as inverse approach. To be able to generate the large number of EEG forward solutions, we employ generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) expansions. Results For sources up to a depth of 4 cm, we find the strongest influence on the signal topography of EEG forward solutions for the skull conductivity and a notable effect for the skin conductivity. For even deeper sources, e.g., located deep in the longitudinal fissure, we find an increasing influence of the white matter conductivity. The conductivity variations translate to varying source localizations particularly for quasi-tangential sources on sulcal walls, whereas source localizations of quasi-radial sources on the top of gyri are less affected. We find a strong correlation between skull conductivity and the variation of source localizations and especially the depth of the reconstructed source for quasi-tangential sources. We furthermore find a clear but weaker correlation between depth of the reconstructed source and the skin conductivity. Discussion Our results clearly show the influence of tissue conductivity uncertainties on EEG source analysis. We find a particularly strong influence of skull and skin conductivity uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Vorwerk
- Institute of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, UMIT TIROL—Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Carsten H. Wolters
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Baumgarten
- Institute of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, UMIT TIROL—Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
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22
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Bestsennaia E, Maslov I, Balandin T, Alekseev A, Yudenko A, Abu Shamseye A, Zabelskii D, Baumann A, Catapano C, Karathanasis C, Gordeliy V, Heilemann M, Gensch T, Borshchevskiy V. Channelrhodopsin-2 Oligomerization in Cell Membrane Revealed by Photo-Activated Localization Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202307555. [PMID: 38226794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsins are retinal membrane proteins that found a broad application in optogenetics. The oligomeric state of rhodopsins is important for their functionality and stability. Of particular interest is the oligomeric state in the cellular native membrane environment. Fluorescence microscopy provides powerful tools to determine the oligomeric state of membrane proteins directly in cells. Among these methods is quantitative photoactivated localization microscopy (qPALM) allowing the investigation of molecular organization at the level of single protein clusters. Here, we apply qPALM to investigate the oligomeric state of the first and most used optogenetic tool Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. ChR2 appeared predominantly as a dimer in the cell membrane and did not form higher oligomers. The disulfide bonds between Cys34 and Cys36 of adjacent ChR2 monomers were not required for dimer formation and mutations disrupting these bonds resulted in only partial monomerization of ChR2. The monomeric fraction increased when the total concentration of mutant ChR2 in the membrane was low. The dissociation constant was estimated for this partially monomerized mutant ChR2 as 2.2±0.9 proteins/μm2 . Our findings are important for understanding the mechanistic basis of ChR2 activity as well as for improving existing and developing future optogenetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Bestsennaia
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 1, IBI-1 (Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ivan Maslov
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and the Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, B3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Taras Balandin
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexey Alekseev
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Yudenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Assalla Abu Shamseye
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 1, IBI-1 (Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dmitrii Zabelskii
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- European XFEL, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Arnd Baumann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 1, IBI-1 (Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Claudia Catapano
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christos Karathanasis
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 1, IBI-1 (Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
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23
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Haufe Y, Loser D, Danker T, Nicke A. Symmetrical Bispyridinium Compounds Act as Open Channel Blockers of Cation-Selective Ion Channels. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:771-786. [PMID: 38495220 PMCID: PMC10941285 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Current treatments against organophosphate poisoning (OPP) do not directly address effects mediated by the overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Non-oxime bispyridinium compounds (BPC) promote acetylcholine esterase-independent recovery of organophosphate-induced paralysis. Here, we test the hypothesis that they act by positive modulatory action on nAChRs. Using two-electrode voltage clamp analysis in combination with mutagenesis and molecular docking analysis, the potency and molecular mode of action of a series of nine BPCs was investigated on human α7 and muscle-type nAChRs expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The investigated BPCs inhibited α7 and/or muscle-type nAChRs with IC50 values in the high nanomolar to high micromolar range. Further analysis of the most potent analogues revealed a noncompetitive, voltage-dependent inhibition. Co-application with the α7-selective positive allosteric modulator PNU120596 and generation of α7/5HT3 receptor chimeras excluded direct interaction with the PNU120596 binding site and binding to the extracellular domain of the α7 nAChR, suggesting that they act as open channel blockers (OCBs). Molecular docking supported by mutagenesis localized the BPC binding area in the outer channel vestibule between the extracellular and transmembrane domains. Analysis of BPC action on other cation-selective channels suggests a rather nonspecific inhibition of pentameric cation channels. BPCs have been shown to ameliorate organophosphate-induced paralysis in vitro and in vivo. Our data support molecular action as OCBs at α7 and muscle-type nAChRs and suggest that their positive physiological effects are more complex than anticipated and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Haufe
- Walther
Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Loser
- NMI
Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Timm Danker
- NMI
Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther
Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
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24
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Chidambaram S, Wintergerst S, Kacelnik A, Nachev V, Winter Y. Serial reversal learning in nectar-feeding bats. Anim Cogn 2024; 27:24. [PMID: 38451365 PMCID: PMC10920430 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
We explored the behavioral flexibility of Commissaris's long-tongued bats through a spatial serial reversal foraging task. Bats kept in captivity for short periods were trained to obtain nectar rewards from two artificial flowers. At any given time, only one of the flowers provided rewards and these reward contingencies reversed in successive blocks of 50 flower visits. All bats detected and responded to reversals by making most of their visits to the currently active flower. As the bats experienced repeated reversals, their preference re-adjusted faster. Although the flower state reversals were theoretically predictable, we did not detect anticipatory behavior, that is, frequency of visits to the alternative flower did not increase within each block as the programmed reversal approached. The net balance of these changes was a progressive improvement in performance in terms of the total proportion of visits allocated to the active flower. The results are compatible with, but do not depend on, the bats displaying an ability to 'learn to learn' and show that the dynamics of allocation of effort between food sources can change flexibly according to circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavi Chidambaram
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alex Kacelnik
- Department of Biology and Pembroke College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vladislav Nachev
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - York Winter
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
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25
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Nabinger AB, Panzenhagen AC, Dahmer T, Almeida RF, Dias AU, Pereira BFB, Pedro CW, Rodrigues GS, Adão IK, Robini PHO, Silva JS, Rocha R, Dantas RP, Moreira JCF, Capp E, Shansis FM. Early-life trauma, impulsivity and suicide attempt: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2024. [PMID: 38431891 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is a worldwide health concern and up to date there is no good predictor of it except a previous suicide attempt. Therefore, there are increasing efforts in the understanding of which factors, genetic or environmental, are associated with suicide behaviour. OBJECTIVE To review evidence of the effect of childhood trauma and impulsivity on suicidal behavior through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Searches were conducted on the 12th of June 2021 in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Two reviewers evaluated each record for eligibility and discussed upon disagreement, when no consensus was reached, a third reviewer was involved to make a decision. RESULTS A total of 11,530 records were identified through the searches. After duplicates were removed, 6,595 records remained to be screened. The full text was sought for 1,561 records. Our qualitative synthesis included 22 studies, from which 9 were included in the meta-analyses. We found a significant effect of sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse and physical neglect on suicide attempts in the prisoners, and Substance Use Diorder (SUD) subgroups. Moreover, there was a significant effect of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) total score and emotional neglect dimension for all the subgroups. CONCLUSION The present study has provided an overview of the state-of-the-art research on childhood trauma and impulsivity and their association with suicidal behavior and quantified their effects on suicide attempts. Hopefully this evidence will be considered in future research and harnessed for clinical gain in detection and treatment of suicide behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bender Nabinger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Alana Castro Panzenhagen
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thricy Dahmer
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Farina Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecsão, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL),RS, Brazil
| | - André Utsch Dias
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Cristine Weihrauch Pedro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Graziela Smaniotto Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Izabela Keuffer Adão
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Sampaio Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rocha
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Raul Prates Dantas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Edison Capp
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio Milman Shansis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
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Farrukh A, Musabyimana JP, Distler U, Mahlich VJ, Mueller J, Bick F, Tenzer S, Pradel G, Ngwa CJ. The Plasmodium falciparum CCCH zinc finger protein MD3 regulates male gametocytogenesis through its interaction with RNA-binding proteins. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:543-564. [PMID: 38148574 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of malaria parasites to mosquitoes is dependent on the formation of gametocytes. Once fully matured, gametocytes are able to transform into gametes in the mosquito's midgut, a process accompanied with their egress from the enveloping erythrocyte. Gametocyte maturation and gametogenesis require a well-coordinated gene expression program that involves a wide spectrum of regulatory proteins, ranging from histone modifiers to transcription factors to RNA-binding proteins. Here, we investigated the role of the CCCH zinc finger protein MD3 in Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis. MD3 was originally identified as an epigenetically regulated protein of immature gametocytes and recently shown to be involved in male development in a barcode-based screen in P. berghei. We report that MD3 is mainly present in the cytoplasm of immature male P. falciparum gametocytes. Parasites deficient of MD3 are impaired in gametocyte maturation and male gametocytogenesis. BioID analysis in combination with co-immunoprecipitation assays unveiled an interaction network of MD3 with RNA-binding proteins like PABP1 and ALBA3, with translational initiators, regulators and repressors like elF4G, PUF1, NOT1 and CITH, and with further regulators of gametocytogenesis, including ZNF4, MD1 and GD1. We conclude that MD3 is part of a regulator complex crucial for post-transcriptional fine-tuning of male gametocytogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afia Farrukh
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jean Pierre Musabyimana
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Distler
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vanessa Jil Mahlich
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julius Mueller
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Bick
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pradel
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Che Julius Ngwa
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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27
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Herzog K, Schepper F, Kamm-Thonwart R, Herrmann J, Budich M, Weiler-Wichtl L, Pletschko T, Suttorp M, Christiansen H, Martini J. Trajectories of illness perceptions in paediatric cancer patients and their parents and associations with health-related quality of life: Results of a prospective-longitudinal study. Psychooncology 2024; 33:e6332. [PMID: 38520473 DOI: 10.1002/pon.6332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In paediatric oncology, little is known about trajectories of illness perceptions and their longitudinal associations with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate changes in illness perceptions in children and parents over a one-year-period and to investigate predictive value of child's and parent's illness perceptions during acute treatment for child's HRQoL 1 year later. METHODS N = 65 child-parent-dyads participated in a longitudinal study (retention rate: 80.2%). Children were 4-18 years of age and underwent acute cancer treatment at baseline. Children and parents reported on their own illness perceptions (Illness-Perception-Questionnaire-Revised), as well as on the child's HRQoL (KINDL-R) at baseline and one-year-follow-up. Paired-samples t-tests were calculated to investigate changes over time. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate predictive value of child's and parent's illness perceptions for child's HRQoL. RESULTS Child's HRQoL t(63) = -6.73, p < 0.001, their perceptions of coherence (i.e. understanding; t(54) = -2.36, p = 0.022) and consequences of their illness (t(54) = 2.86, p = 0.006), and parent's perception of cyclical trajectory (t(61) = 2.06, p = 0.044) improved from baseline to 1-year-follow-up. All other illness perceptions remained stable. Exploratory post-hoc analyses showed differences in the pattern of change in age-, gender-, and diagnosis-specific subgroups. After controlling for baseline levels of HRQoL, child's perceptions of symptoms and consequences were independent predictors of their HRQoL 1 year later (R2 = 0.396, F(2,52) = 10.782, p < 0.001), whereas no parent's illness perceptions added predictive value. CONCLUSION In paediatrics, child's and parent's illness perceptions should be assessed. Our findings highlight the importance of illness perceptions as potential modifiable variables in interventions to improve child's HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Herzog
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Elternhilfe für krebskranke Kinder e.V. Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Schepper
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Haemostaseology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Paediatric Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Remo Kamm-Thonwart
- Sonnenstrahl e.V. Dresden-Förderkreis für krebskranke Kinder und Jugendliche, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessy Herrmann
- Elternhilfe für krebskranke Kinder e.V. Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mihaela Budich
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Liesa Weiler-Wichtl
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pletschko
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meinolf Suttorp
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Christiansen
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Haemostaseology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Martini
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Çeper T, Langer M, Vashistha N, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Streb C, Rau S, Schacher FH. Poly(dehydroalanine)-Based Hydrogels as Efficient Soft Matter Matrices for Light-Driven Catalysis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300448. [PMID: 38232973 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Soft matter integration of photosensitizers and catalysts provides promising solutions to developing sustainable materials for energy conversion. Particularly, hydrogels bring unique benefits, such as spatial control and 3D-accessibility of molecular units, as well as recyclability. Herein, the preparation of polyampholyte hydrogels based on poly(dehydroalanine) (PDha) is reported. Chemically crosslinked PDha with bis-epoxy poly(ethylene glycol) leads to a transparent, self-supporting hydrogel. Due to the ionizable groups on PDha, this 3D polymeric matrix can be anionic, cationic, or zwitterionic depending on the pH value, and its high density of dynamic charges has a potential for electrostatic attachment of charged molecules. The integration of the cationic molecular photosensitizer [Ru(bpy)3 ]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) is realized, which is a reversible process controlled by pH, leading to light harvesting hydrogels. They are further combined with either a thiomolybdate catalyst ([Mo3 S13 ]2- ) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) or a cobalt polyoxometalate catalyst (Co4 POM = [Co4 (H2 O)2 (PW9 O34 )2 ]10- ) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Under the optimized condition, the resulting hydrogels show catalytic activity in both cases upon visible light irradiation. In the case of OER, higher photosensitizer stability is observed compared to homogeneous systems, as the polymer environment seems to influence decomposition pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Çeper
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcel Langer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nikita Vashistha
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department of Functional Interfaces, Albert Einstein Allee 9, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department of Functional Interfaces, Albert Einstein Allee 9, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Streb
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Kahhaleh FG, Barrientos G, Conrad ML. The gut-lung axis and asthma susceptibility in early life. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14092. [PMID: 38251788 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children, with more than 300 million cases worldwide. Over the past several decades, asthma incidence has grown, and epidemiological studies identify the modernized lifestyle as playing a strong contributing role in this phenomenon. In particular, lifestyle factors that modify the maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy, or the infant microbiome in early life, can act as developmental programming events which determine health or disease susceptibility later in life. Microbial colonization of the gut begins at birth, and factors such as delivery mode, breastfeeding, diet, antibiotic use, and exposure to environmental bacteria influence the development of the infant microbiome. Colonization of the gut microbiome is crucial for proper immune system development and disruptions to this process can predispose a child to asthma development. Here, we describe the importance of early-life events for shaping immune responses along the gut-lung axis and why they may provide a window of opportunity for asthma prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariz G Kahhaleh
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melanie L Conrad
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Prado ADS, Baldofski S, Kohls E, Rummel-Kluge C. International and domestic university students' mental health over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: Comparison between 2020, 2021, and 2022. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299812. [PMID: 38422096 PMCID: PMC10903817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic affected university students' mental health worldwide. International students were presenting high levels of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms before the pandemic. This study aimed to investigate (i) differences between various timepoints of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020, 2021, and 2022) in mental health outcomes and social and emotional aspects in domestic and international students, separately, (ii) differences between international and domestic students between the three timepoints on mental health outcomes and social and emotional aspects, and (iii) possible moderation effects of timepoints on mental health outcomes and social and emotional aspects of domestic and international students. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from three cross-sectional anonymous online surveys conducted in German universities were analyzed and compared. Data were collected in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively, with a total N = 14,498. Depressive symptoms, hazardous alcohol use, social support, self-efficacy, resilience, perceived stress, and loneliness were assessed through standardized self-report instruments. Differences between domestic and international students in mental health outcomes, and social and emotional aspects across three timepoints were assessed with one-way and two-way ANCOVAs. RESULTS Regardless of the timepoint, international students presented more depressive symptoms and perceived stress, lower perceived social support and resilience, but higher levels of self-efficacy and less alcohol consumption compared to domestic students. A significant interaction effect between timepoint and student status emerged only for loneliness. CONCLUSIONS International students generally presented poorer mental health outcomes than domestic students. Mental health care and prevention such as low-threshold, online counseling should address university students, especially international students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneliana da Silva Prado
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Campus Curitiba, Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Baldofski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kohls
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Christine Rummel-Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
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He F, Svenning JC, Chen X, Tockner K, Kuemmerle T, le Roux E, Moleón M, Gessner J, Jähnig SC. Freshwater megafauna shape ecosystems and facilitate restoration. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38411930 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater megafauna, such as sturgeons, giant catfishes, river dolphins, hippopotami, crocodylians, large turtles, and giant salamanders, have experienced severe population declines and range contractions worldwide. Although there is an increasing number of studies investigating the causes of megafauna losses in fresh waters, little attention has been paid to synthesising the impacts of megafauna on the abiotic environment and other organisms in freshwater ecosystems, and hence the consequences of losing these species. This limited understanding may impede the development of policies and actions for their conservation and restoration. In this review, we synthesise how megafauna shape ecological processes in freshwater ecosystems and discuss their potential for enhancing ecosystem restoration. Through activities such as movement, burrowing, and dam and nest building, megafauna have a profound influence on the extent of water bodies, flow dynamics, and the physical structure of shorelines and substrata, increasing habitat heterogeneity. They enhance nutrient cycling within fresh waters, and cross-ecosystem flows of material, through foraging and reproduction activities. Freshwater megafauna are highly connected to other freshwater organisms via direct consumption of species at different trophic levels, indirect trophic cascades, and through their influence on habitat structure. The literature documenting the ecological impacts of freshwater megafauna is not evenly distributed among species, regions, and types of ecological impacts, with a lack of quantitative evidence for large fish, crocodylians, and turtles in the Global South and their impacts on nutrient flows and food-web structure. In addition, population decline, range contraction, and the loss of large individuals have reduced the extent and magnitude of megafaunal impacts in freshwater ecosystems, rendering a posteriori evaluation more difficult. We propose that reinstating freshwater megafauna populations holds the potential for restoring key ecological processes such as disturbances, trophic cascades, and species dispersal, which will, in turn, promote overall biodiversity and enhance nature's contributions to people. Challenges for restoration actions include the shifting baseline syndrome, potential human-megafauna competition for habitats and resources, damage to property, and risk to human life. The current lack of historical baselines for natural distributions and population sizes of freshwater megafauna, their life history, trophic interactions with other freshwater species, and interactions with humans necessitates further investigation. Addressing these knowledge gaps will improve our understanding of the ecological roles of freshwater megafauna and support their full potential for facilitating the development of effective conservation and restoration strategies to achieve the coexistence of humans and megafauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi He
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengbei Street 4888, Changchun, 130102, China
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) and Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) and Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Xing Chen
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Klement Tockner
- Senckenberg Society for Nature Research, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany
- Faculty for Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Tobias Kuemmerle
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany
| | - Elizabeth le Roux
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) and Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Marcos Moleón
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuente Nueva S/N, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Jörn Gessner
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
| | - Sonja C Jähnig
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany
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Oliveira L, Neumann P, Mata-Sucre Y, Kuo YT, Marques A, Schubert V, Macas J. KNL1 and NDC80 represent new universal markers for the detection of functional centromeres in plants. Chromosome Res 2024; 32:3. [PMID: 38403686 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-024-09747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Centromere is the chromosomal site of kinetochore assembly and microtubule attachment for chromosome segregation. Given its importance, markers that allow specific labeling of centromeric chromatin throughout the cell cycle and across all chromosome types are sought for facilitating various centromere studies. Antibodies against the N-terminal region of CENH3 are commonly used for this purpose, since CENH3 is the near-universal marker of functional centromeres. However, because the N-terminal region of CENH3 is highly variable among plant species, antibodies directed against this region usually function only in a small group of closely related species. As a more versatile alternative, we present here antibodies targeted to the conserved domains of two outer kinetochore proteins, KNL1 and NDC80. Sequence comparison of these domains across more than 350 plant species revealed a high degree of conservation, particularly within a six amino acid motif, FFGPVS in KNL1, suggesting that both antibodies would function in a wide range of plant species. This assumption was confirmed by immunolabeling experiments in angiosperm (monocot and dicot) and gymnosperm species, including those with mono-, holo-, and meta-polycentric chromosomes. In addition to centromere labeling on condensed chromosomes during cell division, both antibodies detected the corresponding regions in the interphase nuclei of most species tested. These results demonstrated that KNL1 and NDC80 are better suited for immunolabeling centromeres than CENH3, because antibodies against these proteins offer incomparably greater versatility across different plant species which is particularly convenient for studying the organization and function of the centromere in non-model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Oliveira
- Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Neumann
- Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Yennifer Mata-Sucre
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Laboratório de Citogenética E Evolução Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Yi-Tzu Kuo
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - André Marques
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veit Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Jiří Macas
- Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Tabo Z, Breuer L, Fabia C, Samuel G, Albrecht C. A machine learning approach for modeling the occurrence of the major intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis in East Africa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4274. [PMID: 38383705 PMCID: PMC10881506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a prevalent water-borne disease second only to malaria, significantly impacts impoverished rural communities, primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa where over 90% of the severely affected population resides. The disease, majorly caused by Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium parasites, relies on freshwater snails, specifically Biomphalaria and Bulinus species, as crucial intermediate host (IH) snails. Targeted snail control is advisable, however, there is still limited knowledge about the community structure of the two genera especially in East Africa. Utilizing a machine learning approach, we employed random forest to identify key features influencing the distribution of both IH snails in this region. Our results reveal geography and climate as primary factors for Biomphalaria, while Bulinus occurrence is additionally influenced by soil clay content and nitrogen concentration. Favorable climate conditions indicate a high prevalence of IHs in East Africa, while the intricate connection with geography might signify either dispersal limitations or environmental filtering. Predicted probabilities demonstrate non-linear patterns, with Bulinus being more likely to occur than Biomphalaria in the region. This study provides foundational framework insights for targeted schistosomiasis prevention and control strategies in the region, assisting health workers and policymakers in their efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zadoki Tabo
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 (iFZ), 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 (iFZ), 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Lutz Breuer
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 (iFZ), 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Senckenbergstrasse 3, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Codalli Fabia
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 (iFZ), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gorata Samuel
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 (iFZ), 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, P/Bag UB00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Christian Albrecht
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 (iFZ), 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Sarkar D, Dutta S, Hanusch F, Koley D, Inoue S. Synthesis and reactivity of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-supported heavier nitrile ylides. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2391-2397. [PMID: 38362429 PMCID: PMC10866356 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and isolation of stable heavier analogues of nitrile ylide as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) adducts of phosphasilenyl-tetrylene [(NHC)(TerAr)Si(H)PE14(TerAr)] (E14 = Ge 1, Sn 2; TerAr = 2,6-Mes2C6H3, NHC = IMe4) are reported. The delocalized Si-P-E14 π-conjugation was examined experimentally and computationally. Interestingly, the germanium derivative 1 exhibits a 1,3-dipolar nature, leading to an unprecedented [3 + 2] cycloaddition with benzaldehyde, resulting in unique heterocycles containing four heteroatoms from group 14, 15, and 16. Further exploiting the nucleophilicity of germanium, activation of the P-P bond of P4 was achieved, leading to a [(NHC)(phosphasilenyl germapolyphide)] complex. Moreover, the [3 + 2] cycloaddition and the σ-bond activation by 1 resemble the characteristics of the classic nitrile ylide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debotra Sarkar
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741 246 India
| | - Franziska Hanusch
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741 246 India
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
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Herzog K, Schepper F, Herrmann J, Martini J. The puppet interview to measure illness perceptions in paediatric oncology: development and psychometric properties in acute treatment and follow-up care. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:112. [PMID: 38350877 PMCID: PMC10863186 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Illness perceptions comprise assumptions about symptoms, timeline, consequences, controllability, and emotional responses to an illness. Recent evidence shows that illness perceptions are associated with coping and well-being. So far, assessment in paediatric care was based on parental report only, since no instrument for the direct assessment of young children was available. We aim to describe the development (incl. indication and contraindication) of an innovative puppet interview to assess illness perceptions in children with cancer from the age of four years. Moreover, we investigate longitudinal trajectories and examine psychometric properties. METHODS The puppet interview was developed based on the Illness-Perception-Questionnaire-Revised and the Berkeley-Puppet-Interview. Longitudinal trajectories and psychometric properties were examined in a sample of patient-parent dyads (N = 75) in a prospective longitudinal study in acute treatment with a 1-year follow-up (study 1: nT1 = 41, nT2 = 27) and in a cross-sectional study in follow-up care (study 2, n = 34). RESULTS The puppet interview is comprehensible and well-received by children in acute treatment and follow-up care. There were significant differences in perceptions of a chronic timeline (U = 301.00, p = .008), consequences (U = 251.00, p = .008), and emotional representations (U = 244.50, p = .020) between children in acute treatment and children in follow-up care. Over the course of one year, children in acute treatment perceived more symptoms as part of their illness (MT1 = 3.6, SDT1 = 2.9, MT2 = 4.5, SDT2 = 3.1, n = 27, Z = -2.603, p = .009). We found expected intercorrelations between illness perception dimensions, e.g. between perception of consequences and emotional representations (rτ = .27, p = .033), and between perception of a chronic timeline and consequences (rτ = .38, p = .001). Moreover, we found confirming results regarding construct validity, as child's perceptions of symptoms correlated with their self-rated HRQoL (rτ = -.32, padj. = .014). Also parent-rated subscale on illness-specific aspects of child's HRQoL correlated with child's perception of symptoms (rτ = -.26, padj. = .016), cyclicity (rτ = -.28, padj. = .016), and consequences (rτ = -.34, padj. = .014). Acceptable internal consistency was shown for the dimensions timeline-acute/chronic and personal control. CONCLUSIONS Parental report can now be complemented by a self-report of illness perceptions in children aged four years and older. This will allow for the further adaptation of medical and psychosocial care during and after acute cancer treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study has been pre-registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (registered 30/06/2020; DRK-S00022034) and at the Open Science Foundation ( https://osf.io/7xr6z ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Herzog
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
- Elternhilfe Für krebskranke Kinder Leipzig e.V., Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Florian Schepper
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology, and Haemostaseology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Paediatric Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jessy Herrmann
- Elternhilfe Für krebskranke Kinder Leipzig e.V., Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Martini
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany
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Elati K, Tajeri S, Mugo RM, Obara I, Darghouth MA, Zweygarth E, Nijhof AM. In vitro infection of bovine erythrocytes with Theileria annulata merozoites as a key step in completing the T. annulata life cycle in vitro. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3647. [PMID: 38351295 PMCID: PMC10864261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Theileria annulata is a protozoan parasite with a complex life cycle involving a bovine host and a tick vector. It is transmitted by Hyalomma ticks and is the causative agent of tropical theileriosis, a debilitating and often fatal disease in southern Europe, northern Africa and large parts of Asia. Understanding the biology of different life cycle stages is critical for the control of tropical theileriosis and requires the use of experimental animals which poses an ethical concern. We present for the first time the in vitro infection of red blood cells (RBCs) with T. annulata differentiated schizonts. The Ankara cell line of T. annulata was cultured at 41 °C for nine days to induce merogony and subsequently incubated with purified RBCs for one to three days. Percentage of parasitized erythrocyte (PPE) over the short culture period was estimated by Giemsa staining (0.007-0.01%), Flow cytometry activated sorting (FACS) (0.02-1.1%) and observation of FACS sorted cells by confocal microscopy (0.05-0.4%). There was a significant difference in the PPE between FACS and the two other techniques (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test, P = 0.004) but no significant difference was observed between the confocal imaging and Giemsa staining methods (ANOVA one-way followed by Tukey test, P = 0.06). Importantly, all three complementary methods confirmed the invasion of RBCs by T. annulata merozoites in vitro. Although the experimental conditions will require further optimization to increase the PPE, the in vitro infection of RBCs by T. annulata merozoites is pivotal in paving the way for the eventual completion of the T. annulata life cycle in vitro when combined with artificial tick feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Elati
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Université de la Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
| | - Shahin Tajeri
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert M Mugo
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Infection Medicine, Freie Universtät Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isaiah Obara
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohamed Aziz Darghouth
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Université de la Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Erich Zweygarth
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ard Menzo Nijhof
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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37
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Ackermann K, Heubach CA, Schiemann O, Bode BE. Pulse Dipolar Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Distance Measurements at Low Nanomolar Concentrations: The Cu II-Trityl Case. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1455-1461. [PMID: 38294197 PMCID: PMC10860127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Recent sensitivity enhancements in pulse dipolar electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (PDS) have afforded distance measurements at submicromolar spin concentrations. This development opens the path for new science as more biomolecular systems can be investigated at their respective physiological concentrations. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of orthogonal spin-labeling using CuII ions and trityl yields a >3-fold increase in sensitivity compared to that of the established CuII-nitroxide labeling strategy. Application of the recently developed variable-time relaxation-induced dipolar modulation enhancement (RIDME) method yields a further ∼2.5-fold increase compared to the commonly used constant-time RIDME. This overall increase in sensitivity of almost an order of magnitude makes distance measurements in the range of 3 nm with protein concentrations as low as 10 nM feasible, >2 times lower than the previously reported concentration. We expect that experiments at single-digit nanomolar concentrations are imminent, which have the potential to transform biological PDS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Ackermann
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, Centre
of Magnetic Resonance, University of St
Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Caspar A. Heubach
- Clausius-Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Olav Schiemann
- Clausius-Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bela E. Bode
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, Centre
of Magnetic Resonance, University of St
Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
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38
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Schmitt C, Rajan A, Beneke G, Kumar A, Sparmann T, Meer H, Bednarz B, Ramos R, Niño MA, Foerster M, Saitoh E, Kläui M. Mechanisms of Electrical Switching of Ultrathin CoO/Pt Bilayers. Nano Lett 2024; 24:1471-1476. [PMID: 38216142 PMCID: PMC10853954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
We study current-induced switching of the Néel vector in CoO/Pt bilayers to understand the underlying antiferromagnetic switching mechanism. Surprisingly, we find that for ultrathin CoO/Pt bilayers electrical pulses along the same path can lead to an increase or decrease of the spin Hall magnetoresistance signal, depending on the current density of the pulse. By comparing these results to XMLD-PEEM imaging of the antiferromagnetic domain structure before and after the application of current pulses, we reveal the details of the reorientation of the Néel vector in ultrathin CoO(4 nm). This allows us to understand how opposite resistance changes can result from a thermomagnetoelastic switching mechanism. Importantly, our spatially resolved imaging shows that regions where the current pulses are applied and regions further away exhibit different switched spin structures, which can be explained by a spin-orbit torque-based switching mechanism that can dominate in very thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Schmitt
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Adithya Rajan
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Grischa Beneke
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Sparmann
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hendrik Meer
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Beatrice Bednarz
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rafael Ramos
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku
University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Miguel Angel Niño
- ALBA
Synchrotron Light Facility, 08290 Cerdanyola del Valles (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Michael Foerster
- ALBA
Synchrotron Light Facility, 08290 Cerdanyola del Valles (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Eiji Saitoh
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku
University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- The
Institute of AI and Beyond, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center
for
Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department
of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mathias Kläui
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate
School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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39
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Arnold B, Riegger RJ, Okuda EK, Slišković I, Keller M, Bakisoglu C, McNicoll F, Zarnack K, Müller-McNicoll M. hGRAD: A versatile "one-fits-all" system to acutely deplete RNA binding proteins from condensates. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202304030. [PMID: 38108808 PMCID: PMC10726014 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202304030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are difficult to study because they often belong to large protein families and form extensive networks of auto- and crossregulation. They are highly abundant and many localize to condensates with a slow turnover, requiring long depletion times or knockouts that cannot distinguish between direct and indirect or compensatory effects. Here, we developed a system that is optimized for the rapid degradation of nuclear RBPs, called hGRAD. It comes as a "one-fits-all" plasmid, and integration into any cell line with endogenously GFP-tagged proteins allows for an inducible, rapid, and complete knockdown. We show that the nuclear RBPs SRSF3, SRSF5, SRRM2, and NONO are completely cleared from nuclear speckles and paraspeckles within 2 h. hGRAD works in various cell types, is more efficient than previous methods, and does not require the expression of exogenous ubiquitin ligases. Combining SRSF5 hGRAD degradation with Nascent-seq uncovered transient transcript changes, compensatory mechanisms, and an effect of SRSF5 on transcript stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Arnold
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ricarda J. Riegger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ellen Kazumi Okuda
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Cellular Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irena Slišković
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mario Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cem Bakisoglu
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - François McNicoll
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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40
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Roldán D, Redenbach C, Schladitz K, Kübel C, Schlabach S. Image quality evaluation for FIB-SEM images. J Microsc 2024; 293:98-117. [PMID: 38112173 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography is a serial sectioning technique where an FIB mills off slices from the material sample that is being analysed. After every slicing, an SEM image is taken showing the newly exposed layer of the sample. By combining all slices in a stack, a 3D image of the material is generated. However, specific artefacts caused by the imaging technique distort the images, hampering the morphological analysis of the structure. Typical quality problems in microscopy imaging are noise and lack of contrast or focus. Moreover, specific artefacts are caused by the FIB milling, namely, curtaining and charging artefacts. We propose quality indices for the evaluation of the quality of FIB-SEM data sets. The indices are validated on real and experimental data of different structures and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katja Schladitz
- Fraunhofer Institute of Industrial Mathematics, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christian Kübel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Research group in-situ electron microscopy, Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials, Department of Materials & Earth Sciences, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sabine Schlabach
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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41
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Klawatsch J, Papachristou D, Koutsouli P, Upadhyay M, Seichter D, Russ I, Mioč B, Simčič M, Bizelis I, Medugorac I. Genetic basis of ear length in sheep breeds sampled across the region from the Middle East to the Alps. Anim Genet 2024; 55:123-133. [PMID: 38069488 DOI: 10.1111/age.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Ear length in sheep (Ovis aries) shows a wide range of natural variation, from the absence of an outer ear structure (anotia), to small outer ears (microtia), to regular ear length. Up until now, the underlying genetics of this phenotype has been studied in four sheep breeds from China, Jordan and Italy. These studies revealed a broad range of genes significantly associated with ear length, potentially indicating genetic heterogeneity across breeds or geographic regions. In the current study, we performed genome-wide SNP genotyping and haplotype-based mapping, in a population of 340 individuals, to identify loci influencing ear length variation in additional sheep breeds from Slovenia, Croatia, Cyprus and Greece. Additionally, two previously described candidate variants were also genotyped in our mapping population. The mapping model without candidate variant genotypes revealed only one genome-wide significant signal, which was located next to HMX1 on OAR6. This region was previously described as being associated with ear length variation in the Altay and Awassi sheep breeds. The mapping model including the candidate duplication genotype near HMX1 as a fixed effect explained the phenotypic variance on OAR6 and revealed an additional genome-wide significant locus on OAR13 associated with ear length. Our results, combined with published evidence, suggest that a duplication in the evolutionarily conserved region near HMX1 is the major regulator of ear length in sheep breeds descended from a larger region from Central Asia, to the Middle East, Cyprus, Greece and to the Alps. This distribution suggests an ancient origin of the derived allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Klawatsch
- Population Genomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Tierzuchtforschung e.V. Munich, Grub, Germany
| | | | - Panagiota Koutsouli
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maulik Upadhyay
- Population Genomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ingolf Russ
- Tierzuchtforschung e.V. Munich, Grub, Germany
| | - Boro Mioč
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mojca Simčič
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iosif Bizelis
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ivica Medugorac
- Population Genomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, Munich, Germany
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42
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Zhang K, Carrod AJ, Del Giorgio E, Hughes J, Rurack K, Bennet F, Hodoroaba VD, Harrad S, Pikramenou Z. Luminescence Lifetime-Based Sensing Platform Based on Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes for the Detection of Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Aqueous Samples. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1565-1575. [PMID: 38226978 PMCID: PMC10831797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Luminescence lifetimes are an attractive analytical method for detection due to its high sensitivity and stability. Iridium probes exhibit luminescence with long excited-state lifetimes, which are sensitive to the local environment. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is listed as a chemical of high concern regarding its toxicity and is classified as a "forever chemical". In addition to strict limits on the presence of PFOA in drinking water, environmental contamination from industrial effluent or chemical spills requires rapid, simple, accurate, and cost-effective analysis in order to aid containment. Herein, we report the fabrication and function of a novel and facile luminescence sensor for PFOA based on iridium modified on gold surfaces. These surfaces were modified with lipophilic iridium complexes bearing alkyl chains, namely, IrC6 and IrC12, and Zonyl-FSA surfactant. Upon addition of PFOA, the modified surfaces IrC6-FSA@Au and IrC12-FSA @Au show the largest change in the red luminescence signal with changes in the luminescence lifetime that allow monitoring of PFOA concentrations in aqueous solutions. The platform was tested for the measurement of PFOA in aqueous samples spiked with known concentrations of PFOA and demonstrated the capacity to determine PFOA at concentrations >100 μg/L (240 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
- School
of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. Carrod
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Elena Del Giorgio
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Joseph Hughes
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Knut Rurack
- Chemical
and Optical Sensing Division, Federal Institute
for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca Bennet
- Surface
Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry Division, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba
- Surface
Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry Division, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School
of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Zoe Pikramenou
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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Agyare E, Acolatse JEE, Dakorah MP, Akafity G, Chalker VJ, Spiller OB, Schneider KA, Yevutsey S, Aidoo NB, Blankson S, Mensah-Acheampong F, Incoom R, Kurdi A, Godman B, Ngyedu EK. Antimicrobial stewardship capacity and antibiotic utilisation practices in the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana: A point prevalence survey study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297626. [PMID: 38271388 PMCID: PMC10810544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat that necessitates coordinated strategies to improve antibiotic prescribing and reduce AMR. A key activity is ascertaining current prescribing patterns in hospitals to identify targets for quality improvement programmes. METHODS The World Health Organisation point prevalence survey methodology was used to assess antibiotic prescribing in the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. All core variables identified by the methodology were recorded. RESULTS A total of 78.8% (82/104) patients were prescribed at least one antibiotic, with the majority from adult surgical wards (52.14%). Significantly longer hospital stays were associated with patients who underwent surgery (p = 0.0423). "Access" antibiotics dominated total prescriptions (63.8%, 132/207) with ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, and ciprofloxacin being the most prescribed "Watch" antibiotics. The most common indications were for medical prophylaxis (59.8%, 49/82) and surgical prophylaxis (46.3%, 38/82). Over one-third of surgical prophylaxis (34.2%, 13/38) indications extended beyond one day. There was moderate documentation of reasons for antibiotic treatment in patient notes (65.9%, 54/82), and targeted therapy after samples were taken for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (41.7%, 10/24). Guideline compliance was low (25%) where available. CONCLUSIONS There was high use of antibiotics within the hospital which needs addressing. Identified quality targets include developing surgical prophylaxis guidelines, reviewing "Watch" antibiotic prescribing, and assessing antibiotic durations for patients on two or more antibiotics. Organizational-level deficiencies were also identified that need addressing to help instigate ASPs. These can be addressed by developing local prescribing protocols and antibiotic stewardship policies in this hospital and wider in Ghana and across Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Agyare
- Clinical Microbiology, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
| | | | - Mavis Puopelle Dakorah
- Microbiology Department, Bacteriology Unit, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
| | - George Akafity
- Research and Development Unit, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
| | - Victoria J. Chalker
- Clinical Services, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, London, United Kingdom
| | - Owen B. Spiller
- Medical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Saviour Yevutsey
- National Antimicrobial Resistance Secretariat, Office of Pharmaceutical Services, Ministry of Health, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nana Benyin Aidoo
- Research and Development Unit, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
| | - Sophia Blankson
- Directorate of Nursing Services, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
| | | | - Robert Incoom
- Pharmacy Directorate, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
| | - Amanj Kurdi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Eric Kofi Ngyedu
- Directorate of Administrative Services, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
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44
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Vizcaíno Páez S, Durango D, Müller CJ, Breuning M, Fletcher WQ. Facile modular synthesis of jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine analogs possessing a pyrazolidin-3-one core. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3790-3797. [PMID: 38274161 PMCID: PMC10808958 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07887f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A short and flexible route to pyrazolidin-3-one analogs of the phytohormone (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine is presented. The compounds were assembled from four basic building blocks, namely a pyrazolidin-3-one core, alkyl chain, linker and amino ester or acid. The efficacy of this approach was demonstrated in the synthesis of 11 analogs with variations in all parts of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Vizcaíno Páez
- Química Orgánica de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia Medellín 050010 Antioquia Colombia
- Química de los Productos Naturales y los Alimentos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín 050034 Antioquia Colombia
| | - Diego Durango
- Química de los Productos Naturales y los Alimentos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín 050034 Antioquia Colombia
| | - Christian Jürgen Müller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Matthias Breuning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Wiston Quiñones Fletcher
- Química Orgánica de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia Medellín 050010 Antioquia Colombia
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45
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Aldesoki M, Bourauel C, Elshazly TM, Schkommodau E, Keilig L. Evaluation of micromotion in multirooted root analogue implants embedded in synthetic bone blocks: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:99. [PMID: 38233794 PMCID: PMC10792929 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While conventional threaded implants (TI) have proven to be effective for replacing missing teeth, they have certain limitations in terms of diameter, length, and emergence profile when compared to customised root analogue implants (RAI). To further investigate the potential benefits of RAIs, the aim of this study was to experimentally evaluate the micromotion of RAIs compared to TIs. METHODS A 3D model of tooth 47 (mandibular right second molar) was segmented from an existing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and a RAI was designed based on this model. Four RAI subgroups were fabricated as follows: 3D-printed titanium (PT), 3D-printed zirconia (PZ), milled titanium (MT), milled zirconia (MZ), each with a sample size of n = 5. Additionally, two TI subgroups (B11 and C11) were used as control, each with a sample size of n = 5. All samples were embedded in polyurethane foam artificial bone blocks and subjected to load application using a self-developed biomechanical Hexapod Measurement System. Micromotion was quantified by analysing the load/displacement curves. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in displacement in Z-axis (the loading direction) between the RAI group and the TI group. However, within the RAI subgroups, PZ exhibited significantly higher displacement values compared to the other subgroups (p < 0.05). In terms of the overall total displacement, the RAI group showed a statistically significant higher displacement than the TI group, with mean displacement values of 96.5 µm and 55.8 µm for the RAI and TI groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The RAI demonstrated promising biomechanical behaviour, with micromotion values falling within the physiological limits. However, their performance is less predictable due to varying anatomical designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Aldesoki
- Dental School, Oral Technology, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr.17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christoph Bourauel
- Dental School, Oral Technology, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr.17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tarek M Elshazly
- Dental School, Oral Technology, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr.17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Erik Schkommodau
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Ludger Keilig
- Dental School, Oral Technology, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr.17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Elati K, Benyedem H, Fukatsu K, Hoffmann-Köhler P, Mhadhbi M, Bakırcı S, Bilgiç HB, Karagenç T, Darghouth MA, Nijhof AM. In vitro feeding of all life stages of two-host Hyalomma excavatum and Hyalomma scupense and three-host Hyalomma dromedarii ticks. Sci Rep 2024; 14:444. [PMID: 38172407 PMCID: PMC10764919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51052-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites and can transmit various pathogens of medical and veterinary relevance. The life cycle of ticks can be completed under laboratory conditions on experimental animals, but the artificial feeding of ticks has attracted increased interest as an alternative method. This study represents the first report on the successful in vitro feeding of all life stages of two-host tick species, Hyalomma scupense and Hyalomma excavatum, and the three-host tick Hyalomma dromedarii. The attachment and engorgement rates of adults were 84% (21/25) and 76% (19/25) for H. scupense females. For adult H. excavatum and H. dromedarii, 70% (21/30) and 34.4% (11/32) of the females attached and all attached females successfully fed to repletion. The oviposition rates of the artificially fed females were 36.4%, 57.1% and 63.1% for H. dromedarii, H. excavatum and H. scupense, respectively, with a reproductive efficiency index varying between 44.3 and 60.7%. For the larvae, the attachment and engorgement rates were 44.2% (313/708) and 42.8% (303/708) for H. dromedarii, 70.5% (129/183) and 56.8% (104/183) for H. excavatum and 92.6% (113/122) and 55.7% (68/122) for H. scupense. The attachment and engorgement rates for the nymphs were 90.2% (129/143) and 47.6% (68/143) for H. dromedarii, 66.7% (34/51) and 41.2% (21/51) for H. excavatum, and 44.1% (30/68) and 36.8% (25/68) for H. scupense. Molting rates of the immature stages varied between 71.3% (216/303) and 100% (68/68) for the larvae and between 61.9% (13/21) and 96% (24/25) for the nymphs. The successful in vitro feeding of all stages of the three Hyalomma species makes this method a valuable tool for tick research, with potential applications in studies on the pathogens transmitted by these tick species such as Theileria annulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Elati
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de MédecineVétérinaire de SidiThabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Univ. Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia, Univ. Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
| | - Hayet Benyedem
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de MédecineVétérinaire de SidiThabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Univ. Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia, Univ. Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Kohsuke Fukatsu
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- Research Center, Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Peggy Hoffmann-Köhler
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moez Mhadhbi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de MédecineVétérinaire de SidiThabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Univ. Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia, Univ. Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Serkan Bakırcı
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Isıklı‑Efeler, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Bilgin Bilgiç
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Isıklı‑Efeler, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Tülin Karagenç
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Isıklı‑Efeler, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Mohamed Aziz Darghouth
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de MédecineVétérinaire de SidiThabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Univ. Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia, Univ. Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Ard M Nijhof
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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Tóth KF, Ádám D, Arany J, Ramirez YA, Bíró T, Drake JI, O'Mahony A, Szöllősi AG, Póliska S, Kilić A, Soeberdt M, Abels C, Oláh A. Fluoxetine exerts anti-inflammatory effects on human epidermal keratinocytes and suppresses their endothelin release. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14988. [PMID: 38284184 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is a safe antidepressant with remarkable anti-inflammatory actions; therefore, we aimed to investigate its effects on immortalized (HaCaT) as well as primary human epidermal keratinocytes in a polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (p(I:C))-induced inflammatory model. We found that a non-cytotoxic concentration (MTT-assay, CyQUANT-assay) of fluoxetine significantly suppressed p(I:C)-induced expression and release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (Q-PCR, cytokine array, ELISA), and it decreased the release of the itch mediator endothelins (ELISA). These effects were not mediated by the inhibition of the NF-κB or p38 MAPK pathways (western blot), or by the suppression of the p(I:C)-induced elevation of mitochondrial ROS production (MitoSOX Red labeling). Instead, unbiased activity profiling revealed that they were most likely mediated via the inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Importantly, the PI3K-inhibitor GDC0941 fully mimicked the effects of fluoxetine (Q-PCR, ELISA). Although fluoxetine was able to occupy the binding site of GDC0941 (in silico molecular docking), and exerted direct inhibitory effect on PI3K (cell-free PI3K activity assay), it exhibited much lower potency and efficacy as compared to GDC0941. Finally, RNA-Seq analysis revealed that fluoxetine deeply influenced the transcriptional alterations induced by p(I:C)-treatment, and exerted an overall anti-inflammatory activity. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that fluoxetine exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects, and suppresses the release of the endogenous itch mediator endothelins in human keratinocytes, most likely via interfering with the PI3K pathway. Thus, clinical studies are encouraged to explore whether the currently reported beneficial effects translate in vivo following its topical administration in inflammatory and pruritic dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Fanni Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Ádám
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Arany
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Yesid A Ramirez
- Design and Applied Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Sustainable Industry, Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- Cannaflos-Gesellschaft für medizinisches Cannabis mbH, Köln, Germany
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Alison O'Mahony
- Eurofins Discovery, St. Charles, Missouri, USA
- Recursion, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ana Kilić
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Soeberdt
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, Bielefeld, Germany
- Bionorica SE, Neumarkt, Germany
| | - Christoph Abels
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, Bielefeld, Germany
- Bionorica SE, Neumarkt, Germany
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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48
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Pogorevc N, Dotsev A, Upadhyay M, Sandoval-Castellanos E, Hannemann E, Simčič M, Antoniou A, Papachristou D, Koutsouli P, Rahmatalla S, Brockmann G, Sölkner J, Burger P, Lymberakis P, Poulakakis N, Bizelis I, Zinovieva N, Horvat S, Medugorac I. Whole-genome SNP genotyping unveils ancestral and recent introgression in wild and domestic goats. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17190. [PMID: 37909668 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
After the domestication of goats around 10,000 years before the present (BP), humans transported goats far beyond the range of their wild ancestor, the bezoar goat. This brought domestic goats into contact with many wild goat species such as ibex and markhor, enabling introgression between domestic and wild goats. To investigate this, while shedding light on the taxonomic status of wild and domestic goats, we analysed genome-wide SNP data of 613 specimens from 14 taxonomic units, including Capra hircus, C. pyrenaica, C. ibex (from Switzerland, Austria, Germany and Slovenia), C. aegagrus aegagrus, C. a. cretica, C. h. dorcas, C. caucasica caucasica, C. c. severtzovi, C. c. cylindricornis, C. falconeri, C. sibirica sibirica, C. s. alaiana and C. nubiana, as well as Oreamnos americanus (mountain goat) as an outgroup. To trace gene flow between domestic and wild goats, we integrated genotype data of local goat breeds from the Alps as well as from countries such as Spain, Greece, Türkiye, Egypt, Sudan, Iran, Russia (Caucasus and Altai) and Pakistan. Our phylogenetic analyses displayed a clear separation between bezoar-type and ibex-type clades with wild goats from the Greek islands of Crete and Youra clustered within domestic goats, confirming their feral origin. Our analyses also revealed gene flow between the lineages of Caucasian tur and domestic goats that most likely occurred before or during early domestication. Within the clade of domestic goats, analyses inferred gene flow between African and Iberian goats. The detected events of introgression were consistent with previous reports and offered interesting insights into the historical relationships among domestic and wild goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neža Pogorevc
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Population Genomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Martinsried/Planegg, Germany
| | - Arsen Dotsev
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Podolsk, Russia
| | - Maulik Upadhyay
- Population Genomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Martinsried/Planegg, Germany
| | - Edson Sandoval-Castellanos
- Population Genomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Martinsried/Planegg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hannemann
- Population Genomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Martinsried/Planegg, Germany
| | - Mojca Simčič
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aglaia Antoniou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitris Papachristou
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Koutsouli
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Siham Rahmatalla
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Animal Breeding and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Brockmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Animal Breeding and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Sölkner
- Division of Livestock Sciences, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pamela Burger
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Irakleio, Greece
| | - Nikos Poulakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Irakleio, Greece
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Irakleio, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Irakleio, Greece
| | - Iosif Bizelis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia Zinovieva
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Podolsk, Russia
| | - Simon Horvat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivica Medugorac
- Population Genomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Martinsried/Planegg, Germany
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Sekhniashvili M, Baum P, Toyka KV. Temporary and highly variable recovery of neuromuscular dysfunction by electrical stimulation in the follow-up of acute critical illness neuromyopathy: a pilot study. Neurol Res Pract 2023; 5:66. [PMID: 38151742 PMCID: PMC10753844 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-023-00293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sepsis-associated critical illness neuromyopathy (CIPNM) serial electrical stimulation of motor nerves induces a short-lived temporary recovery of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) termed facilitation phenomenon (FP). This technique is different from other stimulation techniques published. The identification of FP suggests a major functional component in acute CIPNM. METHODS From our previous study cohort of 18 intensive care unit patients with sepsis associated CIPNM showing profound muscle weakness and low or missing CMAPs on nerve conduction studies, six patients with different severity could be followed. In a pilot sub-study we analyzed the variability of FP during follow up. Over up to 6 weeks we performed 2-6 nerve conduction studies with our novel stimulation paradigm. Motor nerves were stimulated at 0.2-0.5 Hz with 60-100 mA at 0.2-0.5 ms duration, and CMAP responses were recorded. Standard motor nerve conduction velocities (NCV) could be done when utilizing facilitated CMAPs. Needle electromyography was checked once for spontaneous activity to discover potential denervation and muscle fiber degeneration. Serum electrolytes were checked before any examination and corrected if abnormal. RESULTS In all six patients a striking variability in the magnitude and pattern of FP could be observed at each examination in the same and in different motor nerves over time. With the first stimulus most CMAPs were below 0.1 mV or absent. With slow serial pulses CMAPs could gradually recover with normal shape and near normal amplitudes. With facilitated CMAPs NCV measurements revealed low normal values. With improvement of muscle weakness subsequent tests revealed larger first CMAP amplitudes and smaller magnitudes of FP. Needle EMG showed occasional spontaneous activity in the tibialis anterior muscle. CONCLUSION In this pilot study striking variability and magnitude of FP during follow-up was a reproducible feature indicating major fluctuations of neuromuscular excitability that may improve during follow-up. FP can be assessed by generally available electrophysiological techniques, even before patients could be tested for muscle strength. Large scale prospective studies of the facilitation phenomenon in CIPNM with or without sepsis are needed to define diagnostic specificity and to better understand the still enigmatic pathophysiology. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at the Leipzig University Medical Center in 2021 after approval by the Ethics Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madona Sekhniashvili
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Neurology of S. Khechinashvili University Clinic, Tbilisi State Medical University, Chavchavadze Ave. 33, 0179, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Petra Baum
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus V Toyka
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str.11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
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50
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Yoldaş O, Nogueira AVB, Kantar PM, Ziskoven PC, Deschner J, Buduneli N. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of apelin correlates with clinical periodontal diagnosis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:50. [PMID: 38153555 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limitations of clinical periodontal measurements have led to the search for reliable biomarkers that can be used in diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal diseases. Considering the relationship of adipokines with periodontal disease, diabetes, and obesity, apelin may be a biomarker for periodontal diseases due to its modulating effects on inflammation. The present study was conducted to determine gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) apelin levels in systemically healthy individuals and to evaluate the potential of apelin as a biomarker for periodontal diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten individuals with clinically healthy periodontal tissues, 10 patients diagnosed with gingivitis, and 10 patients with periodontitis were included in the present study. Whole mouth clinical periodontal measurements were recorded and GCF samples were obtained from the buccal approximal regions of single-rooted teeth with features that would represent clinical periodontal diagnosis. Apelin level in the samples was determined by ELISA. Clinical and biochemical findings were statistically analyzed. Possible relationship between the variables was evaluated with Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS Apelin level in the gingivitis group was higher than that in the clinically healthy group (p = 0.000) and lower than that in the periodontitis group (p = 0.000). A positive correlation was found between GCF apelin concentration and plaque score, bleeding on probing, and probing depth (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study, it can be suggested that GCF apelin concentration may be a biomarker that can distinguish between healthy periodontal tissues, gingivitis, and periodontitis patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Apelin concentration in the gingival crevicular fluid may aid in the diagnosis of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Yoldaş
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Andressa V B Nogueira
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pınar Meriç Kantar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Pablo Cores Ziskoven
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey.
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