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Tóth KF, Ádám D, Arany J, Ramirez YA, Bíró T, Drake JI, O'Mahony A, Szöllősi AG, Póliska S, Kilić A, Soeberdt M, Abels C, Oláh A. Fluoxetine exerts anti-inflammatory effects on human epidermal keratinocytes and suppresses their endothelin release. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14988. [PMID: 38284184 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is a safe antidepressant with remarkable anti-inflammatory actions; therefore, we aimed to investigate its effects on immortalized (HaCaT) as well as primary human epidermal keratinocytes in a polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (p(I:C))-induced inflammatory model. We found that a non-cytotoxic concentration (MTT-assay, CyQUANT-assay) of fluoxetine significantly suppressed p(I:C)-induced expression and release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (Q-PCR, cytokine array, ELISA), and it decreased the release of the itch mediator endothelins (ELISA). These effects were not mediated by the inhibition of the NF-κB or p38 MAPK pathways (western blot), or by the suppression of the p(I:C)-induced elevation of mitochondrial ROS production (MitoSOX Red labeling). Instead, unbiased activity profiling revealed that they were most likely mediated via the inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Importantly, the PI3K-inhibitor GDC0941 fully mimicked the effects of fluoxetine (Q-PCR, ELISA). Although fluoxetine was able to occupy the binding site of GDC0941 (in silico molecular docking), and exerted direct inhibitory effect on PI3K (cell-free PI3K activity assay), it exhibited much lower potency and efficacy as compared to GDC0941. Finally, RNA-Seq analysis revealed that fluoxetine deeply influenced the transcriptional alterations induced by p(I:C)-treatment, and exerted an overall anti-inflammatory activity. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that fluoxetine exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects, and suppresses the release of the endogenous itch mediator endothelins in human keratinocytes, most likely via interfering with the PI3K pathway. Thus, clinical studies are encouraged to explore whether the currently reported beneficial effects translate in vivo following its topical administration in inflammatory and pruritic dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Fanni Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Ádám
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Arany
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Yesid A Ramirez
- Design and Applied Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Sustainable Industry, Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- Cannaflos-Gesellschaft für medizinisches Cannabis mbH, Köln, Germany
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Alison O'Mahony
- Eurofins Discovery, St. Charles, Missouri, USA
- Recursion, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ana Kilić
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Soeberdt
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, Bielefeld, Germany
- Bionorica SE, Neumarkt, Germany
| | - Christoph Abels
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, Bielefeld, Germany
- Bionorica SE, Neumarkt, Germany
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Karasawa T, Sato R, Imaizumi T, Fujita M, Aizawa T, Tsugawa K, Mattinzoli D, Kawaguchi S, Seya K, Terui K, Joh K, Tanaka H. Expression of interferon-stimulated gene 20 (ISG20), an antiviral effector protein, in glomerular endothelial cells: possible involvement of ISG20 in lupus nephritis. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2224890. [PMID: 37340981 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2224890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to regulating the antiviral response, increased expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in resident renal cells plays a role in developing some forms of glomerulonephritis. TLR3 activation leads to type I interferon (IFN) production, which induces the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, the role of ISG20 expression in resident renal cells remains unclear. METHODS Cultured normal human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) were treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), R848, and CpG (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 agonists, respectively). The mRNA levels of ISG20, CX3CL1/fractalkine, and CXCL10/IP-10 were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. ISG20 protein expression was assessed by Western blotting. RNA interference was used to knockdown IFN-β and ISG20 expression. CX3CL1 protein levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We performed immunofluorescence to examine endothelial ISG20 expression in biopsy specimens from patients with lupus nephritis (LN). RESULTS In GECs, the expression of ISG20 mRNA and protein was increased by polyIC, not by LPS, R848, or CpG treatment. Moreover, ISG20 knockdown prevented poly IC-induced CX3CL1 expression but had no effect on CXCL10 expression. Intense endothelial ISG20 immunoreactivity was observed in biopsy specimens obtained from patients with proliferative LN. CONCLUSION In GECs, ISG20 was regulated via TLR3 but not via TLR4, TLR7, or TLR9 signaling. Moreover, ISG20 was involved in regulating CX3CL1 production. In addition to regulating antiviral innate immunity, ISG20 may act as a mediator of CX3CL1 production, thereby inducing glomerular inflammation, particularly in patients with LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Karasawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Riko Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tomomi Aizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Koji Tsugawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Deborah Mattinzoli
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali & Fondazione IRCCS Ca', Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kiminori Terui
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kensuke Joh
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of School Health Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori Japan
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Hu J, Liu R, Yang Z, Pan X, Li Y, Gong Y, Guo D. Praeruptorin A inhibits the activation of NF-κB pathway and the expressions of inflammatory factors in poly (I:C)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1110-1120. [PMID: 37500542 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Praeruptorin A (PA), a natural coumarin compound, has significant anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of PA on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages induced by Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)). RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages induced by poly (I:C) were treated with or without PA, the viability of which was determined to screen working solution of PA. RNA-sequencing was applied to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were carried out. The expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (Abca1) and NF-κB-related proteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. As a result, PA at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 μM slightly affected cell viability, while PA at 6 and 7 μM significantly inhibited cell viability. GO and KEGG analysis results revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in the pathways related to inflammatory signaling. Through further analysis, we obtained five possible targets of PA, and verified that PA inhibited the expressions of IL-1β, HMOX1, PTGS2 and Abca1 as well as the activation of NF-κB pathway in poly (I:C)-induced RAW264.7 cells. To summarize, PA may inhibit expressions of the inflammation-related genes in poly (I:C)-induced RAW264.7 cells, which demonstrates its potential as a drug against virus related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Hu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Roujun Liu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouxin Yang
- Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Pan
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjing Li
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanghui Gong
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongyang Guo
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
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Vasiljevic T, Tarle M, Hat K, Luksic I, Mikulandra M, Busson P, Matijevic Glavan T. Necrotic Cells from Head and Neck Carcinomas Release Biomolecules That Are Activating Toll-like Receptor 3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15269. [PMID: 37894949 PMCID: PMC10607619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis is a recurrent characteristic of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). There is a need for more investigations on the influence of biomolecules released by these necrotic foci in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment. It is suspected that a fraction of the biomolecules released by necrotic cells are damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are known to be natural endogenous ligands of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), including, among others, proteins and nucleic acids. However, there has been no direct demonstration that biomolecules released by HNSCC necrotic cells can activate TLRs. Our aim was to investigate whether some of these molecules could behave as agonists of the TLR3, either in vitro or in vivo. We chose a functional approach based on reporter cell exhibiting artificial TLR3 expression and downstream release of secreted alkaline phosphatase. The production of biomolecules activating TLR3 was first investigated in vitro using three HNSCC cell lines subjected to various pronecrotic stimuli (external irradiation, serum starvation, hypoxia and oxidative stress). TLR3 agonists were also investigated in necrotic tumor fluids from five oral cancer patients and three mouse tumor grafts. The release of biomolecules activating TLR3 was demonstrated for all three HNSCC cell lines. External irradiation was the most consistently efficient stimulus, and corresponding TLR3 agonists were conveyed in extracellular vesicles. TLR3-stimulating activity was detected in the fluids from all five patients and three mouse tumor grafts. In most cases, this activity was greatly reduced by RNAse pretreatment or TLR3 blocking antibodies. Our data indicate that TLR3 agonists are consistently present in necrotic fluids from HNSCC cells and mainly made of dsRNA fragments. These endogenous agonists may induce TLR3, which might lead to a protumorigenic effect. Regarding methodological aspects, our study demonstrates that direct investigations-including functional testing-can be performed on necrotic fluids from patient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Vasiljevic
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Tarle
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gojko Šušak Avenue 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.T.)
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Koraljka Hat
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gojko Šušak Avenue 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.T.)
| | - Ivica Luksic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gojko Šušak Avenue 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.T.)
| | - Martina Mikulandra
- Division of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Vinogradska Cesta 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pierre Busson
- CNRS-UMR 9018-METSY, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif CEDEX, France
| | - Tanja Matijevic Glavan
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Gomes JA, Sgarioni E, Boquett JA, Kowalski TW, Fraga LR, Terças-Trettel ACP, da Silva JH, Ribeiro BFR, Galera MF, de Oliveira TM, Carvalho de Andrade MDF, Carvalho IF, Schüler-Faccini L, Vianna FSL. Investigation of the impact of AXL, TLR3, and STAT2 in congenital Zika syndrome through genetic polymorphisms and protein-protein interaction network analyses. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1500-1512. [PMID: 37526179 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zika virus (ZIKV) is a human teratogen that causes congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). AXL, TLR3, and STAT2 are proteins involved in the ZIKV's entry into cells (AXL) and host's immune response (TLR3 and STAT2). In this study, we evaluated the role of genetic polymorphisms in these three genes as risk factors to CZS, and highlighted which proteins that interact with them could be important for ZIKV infection and teratogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluate eighty-eight children exposed to ZIKV during the pregnancy, 40 with CZS and 48 without congenital anomalies. The evaluated polymorphisms in AXL (rs1051008), TLR3 (rs3775291), and STAT2 (rs2066811) were genotyped using TaqMan® Genotyping Assays. A protein-protein interaction network was created in STRING database and analyzed in Cytoscape software. RESULTS We did not find any statistical significant association among the polymorphisms and the occurrence of CZS. Through the analyses of the network composed by AXL, TLR3, STAT2 and their interactions targets, we found that EGFR and SRC could be important proteins for the ZIKV infection and its teratogenesis. CONCLUSION In summary, our results demonstrated that the evaluated polymorphisms do not seem to represent risk factors for CZS; however, EGFR and SRC appear to be important proteins that should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Gomes
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica (LMG), Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Sgarioni
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica (LMG), Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliano A Boquett
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (PPGSCA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thayne W Kowalski
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica (LMG), Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Sistema Nacional de Informação sobre Agentes Teratogênicos (SIAT), Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas R Fraga
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica (LMG), Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Sistema Nacional de Informação sobre Agentes Teratogênicos (SIAT), Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas (PPGCM), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia P Terças-Trettel
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Tangará da Serra, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Juliana H da Silva
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Tangará da Serra, Tangará da Serra, Brazil
| | | | - Marcial F Galera
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
- Hospital Universitário Júlio Müller (HUJM), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Thalita M de Oliveira
- Hospital Universitário Júlio Müller (HUJM), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Maria Denise F Carvalho de Andrade
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Centro Universitário Christus (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Faculdade Paulo Picanço, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Hospital Geral Dr. César Cals, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Lavínia Schüler-Faccini
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (PPGSCA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Sistema Nacional de Informação sobre Agentes Teratogênicos (SIAT), Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S L Vianna
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica (LMG), Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Sistema Nacional de Informação sobre Agentes Teratogênicos (SIAT), Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas (PPGCM), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Moriyama M, Konno M, Serizawa K, Yuzawa N, Majima Y, Hayashi I, Suzuki T, Kainoh M. Anti-pruritic effect of isothiocyanates: Potential involvement of toll-like receptor 3 signaling. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e01038. [PMID: 36507603 PMCID: PMC9741980 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system has an emerging role as a mediator of neuro-immune communication and a therapeutic target for itch. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays an important role in itch, as shown in TLR3 knock-out mice. In this study, to evaluate effects of TLR3 inhibitors on histamine-independent itch, we used two kinds of isothiocyanate (ITC). Both phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and sulforaphane (SFN) inhibited Poly I:C (PIC)-induced signaling in the RAW264.7 cell line. We then investigated the anti-pruritic effect of these compounds on PIC- and chloroquine (CQ)-induced scratching behavior. PEITC and SFN both suppressed PIC-evoked scratching behavior in mice, and PEITC also inhibited CQ-induced acute itch. Finally, we examined the oxazolone-induced chronic itch model in mice. Surprisingly, oral dosing of both compounds suppressed scratching behaviors that were observed in mice. Our findings demonstrate that TLR3 is a critical mediator in acute and chronic itch transduction in mice and may be a promising therapeutic target for pruritus in human skin disorders. It is noteworthy that SFN has potential for use as an antipruritic as it is a phytochemical that is used as a supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Moriyama
- Pharmaceutical Research LaboratoriesToray Industries, Inc.KamakuraKanagawaJapan
| | - Mitsuhiro Konno
- Pharmaceutical Research LaboratoriesToray Industries, Inc.KamakuraKanagawaJapan
| | - Kanako Serizawa
- Pharmaceutical Research LaboratoriesToray Industries, Inc.KamakuraKanagawaJapan
| | - Natsumi Yuzawa
- Pharmaceutical Research LaboratoriesToray Industries, Inc.KamakuraKanagawaJapan
| | - Yuki Majima
- Pharmaceutical Research LaboratoriesToray Industries, Inc.KamakuraKanagawaJapan
| | - Ikuo Hayashi
- Pharmaceutical Research LaboratoriesToray Industries, Inc.KamakuraKanagawaJapan
| | - Tomohiko Suzuki
- Pharmaceutical Research LaboratoriesToray Industries, Inc.KamakuraKanagawaJapan
| | - Mie Kainoh
- Pharmaceutical Research LaboratoriesToray Industries, Inc.KamakuraKanagawaJapan
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Huang J, Zhang J, Zhang K, Fang C, Li W, Wang Q. Cloning of Toll-like Receptor 3 Gene from Schizothorax prenanti (SpTLR3), and Expressions of Seven SpTLRs and SpMyD88 after Lipopolysaccharide Induction. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13. [PMID: 36292749 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (SpTLR3) from Schizothorax prenanti (S. prenanti) was cloned and identified, and the tissue distribution of the SpTLR3 gene was examined in this study. Moreover, the relative mRNA expression levels of myeloid differentiation factor 88 gene (SpMyD88) and seven TLR genes (SpTLR2, SpTLR3, SpTLR4, SpTLR18, SpTLR22-1, SpTLR22-2 and SpTLR22-3) from S. prenanti after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge were analyzed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The full length of SpTLR3 gene is 3097 bp, and complete coding sequence (CDS) is 2715 bp, which encodes 904 amino acids. The SpTLR3 amino acid sequence shared 43.94−100% identity with TLR3 sequences from other vertebrates; SpTLR3 was expressed in all eight tissues examined; and the highest level appeared in the liver, which was significantly higher than in all other tissues (p < 0.05), followed by the levels in the heart and muscles. LPS significantly up-regulated all eight genes in the S. prenanti tissues at 12 or 24 h (p < 0.05). Compared with the PBS control group, no significant transcripts changes were found in SpTLR2 or SpTLR3 at 12 h after LPS induction, but they were significantly up-regulated at 24 h (p < 0.001). The most abundant transcripts were found in the head kidney SpTLR22 genes after 24 h LPS induction, with high to low levels, which were SpTLR22-1 (564-fold), SpTLR22-3 (508-fold) and SpTLR22-2 (351-fold). Among these eight genes, the expression level of SpTLR4 was the least up-regulated. Overall, SpTLR4 in the head kidney was involved in the antibacterial immune response earlier, and the level was increased at 12 h with extreme significance after LPS stimulation (p < 0.001), while the other seven genes were the most significantly up-regulated at 24 h post injection. Taken together, the results suggest that SpMyD88, SpTLR2, SpTLR3, SpTLR4, SpTLR18, SpTLR22-1, SpTLR22-2 and SpTLR22-3 participate in an innate immune response stimulated by LPS, and the response intensity of the genes was organ-specific, with differing kinetics. Our findings will contribute to a more complete understanding of the roles of these TLR genes in antibacterial immunity.
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el Haddaoui H, Brood R, Latifi D, Oostvogels AA, Klaver Y, Moskie M, Mustafa DA, Debets R, van Eijck CHJ. Rintatolimod (Ampligen ®) Enhances Numbers of Peripheral B Cells and Is Associated with Longer Survival in Patients with Locally Advanced and Metastasized Pancreatic Cancer Pre-Treated with FOLFIRINOX: A Single-Center Named Patient Program. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061377. [PMID: 35326528 PMCID: PMC8946630 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment with the TLR-3 agonist rintatolimod may improve pancreatic cancer patients’ survival via immunomodulation, but the effect is unproven. Methods: In this single-center named patient program, patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) or metastatic disease were treated with rintatolimod (six weeks total, twice per week, with a maximum of 400 mg per infusion). The primary endpoints were the systemic immune-inflammation index (SIII), the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the absolute counts of 18 different populations of circulating immune cells as measured by flow cytometry. Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Subgroup analyses were performed in long-term survivors (>1-year overall survival after starting rintatolimod) and compared to short-term survivors (≤1 year). Results: Between January 2017 and February 2019, twenty-seven patients with stable LAPC or metastatic disease were pre-treated with FOLFIRINOX and treated with rintatolimod. Rintatolimod treatment was well-tolerated. The SIII and NLR values were significantly lower in the 11 long-term survivors, versus 16 short-term survivors. The numbers of B-cells were significantly increased in long-term survivors. Numbers of T cells and myeloid cells were not significantly increased after treatment with rintatolimod. Median PFS was 13 months with rintatolimod, versus 8.6 months in a subset of matched controls (n = 27, hazard ratio = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.28−0.90, p = 0.007). The median OS was 19 months with rintatolimod, versus 12.5 months in the matched control (hazard ratio = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.28−0.90, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Treatment with rintatolimod showed a favorable effect on the numbers of peripheral B cells in patients with pancreatic cancer and improved survival in pancreatic cancer, but additional evidence is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassana el Haddaoui
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (H.e.H.); (R.B.); (D.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Rianne Brood
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (H.e.H.); (R.B.); (D.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Diba Latifi
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (H.e.H.); (R.B.); (D.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Astrid A. Oostvogels
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.A.O.); (Y.K.); (R.D.)
| | - Yarne Klaver
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.A.O.); (Y.K.); (R.D.)
| | - Miranda Moskie
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (H.e.H.); (R.B.); (D.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Dana A. Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.A.O.); (Y.K.); (R.D.)
| | - Casper H. J. van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (H.e.H.); (R.B.); (D.L.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang D, Wang R, Li K. Impaired Antiviral Responses to Extracellular Double-Stranded RNA and Cytosolic DNA, but Not to Interferon-α Stimulation, in TRIM56-Deficient Cells. Viruses 2022; 14. [PMID: 35062293 DOI: 10.3390/v14010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiologic function of tripartite motif protein 56 (TRIM56), a ubiquitously expressed E3 ligase classified within the large TRIM protein family, remains elusive. Gene knockdown studies have suggested TRIM56 as a positive regulator of the type I interferon (IFN-I) antiviral response elicited via the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathways, which detect and respond to danger signals-extracellular double-stranded (ds) RNA and cytosolic dsDNA, respectively. However, to what extent these pathways depend on TRIM56 in human cells is unclear. In addition, it is debatable whether TRIM56 plays a part in controlling the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) resulting from IFN-I based antiviral treatment. In this study, we created HeLa-derived TRIM56 null cell lines by gene editing and used these cell models to comprehensively examine the impact of endogenous TRIM56 on innate antiviral responses. Our results showed that TRIM56 knockout severely undermined the upregulation of ISGs by extracellular dsRNA and that loss of TRIM56 weakened the response to cytosolic dsDNA. ISG induction and ISGylation following IFN-α stimulation, however, were not compromised by TRIM56 deletion. Using a vesicular stomatitis virus-based antiviral bioactivity assay, we demonstrated that IFN-α could efficiently establish an antiviral state in TRIM56 null cells, providing direct evidence that TRIM56 is not required for the general antiviral action of IFN-I. Altogether, these data ascertain the contributions of TRIM56 to TLR3- and cGAS-STING-dependent antiviral pathways in HeLa cells and add to our understanding of the roles this protein plays in innate immunity.
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10
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Rayasam A, Jullienne A, Chumak T, Faustino J, Szu J, Hamer M, Ek CJ, Mallard C, Obenaus A, Vexler ZS. Viral mimetic triggers cerebral arteriopathy in juvenile brain via neutrophil elastase and NETosis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:3171-3186. [PMID: 34293939 PMCID: PMC8669290 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211032737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is among the top ten causes of death in children but has received disproportionally little attention. Cerebral arteriopathies account for up to 80% of childhood arterial ischemic stroke (CAIS) cases and are strongly predictive of CAIS recurrence and poorer outcomes. The underlying mechanisms of sensitization of neurovasculature by viral infection are undefined. In the first age-appropriate model for childhood arteriopathy-by administration of viral mimetic TLR3-agonist Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly-IC) in juvenile mice-we identified a key role of the TLR3-neutrophil axis in disrupting the structural-functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and distorting the developing neurovascular architecture and vascular networks. First, using an array of in-vivo/post-vivo vascular imaging, genetic, enzymatic and pharmacological approaches, we report marked Poly-IC-mediated extravascular leakage of albumin (66kDa) and of a small molecule DiI (∼934Da) and disrupted tight junctions. Poly-IC also enhanced the neuroinflammatory milieu, promoted neutrophil recruitment, profoundly upregulated neutrophil elastase (NE), and induced neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis). Finally, we show that functional BBB disturbances, NETosis and neuroinflammation are markedly attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of NE (Sivelestat). Altogether, these data reveal NE/NETosis as a novel therapeutic target for viral-induced cerebral arteriopathies in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Rayasam
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amandine Jullienne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joel Faustino
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Szu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mary Hamer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - C Joakim Ek
- Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zinaida S Vexler
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Mazer MB, Turnbull IR, Miles S, Blood TM, Sadler B, Hess A, Botney MD, Martin RS, Bosanquet JP, Striker DA, Anand NS, Morre M, Caldwell CC, Brakenridge SC, Moldawer LL, Di Paola JA, Hotchkiss RS, Remy KE. Interleukin-7 Reverses Lymphopenia and Improves T-Cell Function in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patient With Inborn Error of Toll-Like Receptor 3: A Case Report. Crit Care Explor 2021; 3:e0500. [PMID: 34345826 DOI: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 combined with antiviral therapy and supportive care remains under intense investigation. However, the capacity to distinguish patients who would benefit from immunosuppressive or immune stimulatory therapies remains insufficient. Here, we present a patient with severe coronavirus disease 2019 with a defective immune response, treated successfully with interleukin-7 on compassionate basis with resultant improved adaptive immune function. CASE SUMMARY: A previously healthy 43-year-old male developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and persistent, profound lymphopenia. Functional analysis demonstrated depressed lymphocyte function and few antigen-specific T cells. Interleukin-7 administration resulted in reversal of lymphopenia and improved T-cell function. Respiratory function and clinical status rapidly improved, and he was discharged home. Whole exome sequencing identified a deleterious autosomal dominant mutation in TICAM1, associated with a dysfunctional type I interferon antiviral response with increased severity of coronavirus disease 2019 disease. CONCLUSIONS: Immunoadjuvant therapies to boost host immunity may be efficacious in life-threatening severe coronavirus disease 2019 infections, particularly by applying a precision medicine approach in selecting patients expressing an immunosuppressive phenotype.
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12
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Gu T, Li G, Wu X, Zeng T, Xu Q, Li L, Vladyslav S, Chen G, Lu L. Pattern-recognition receptors in duck ( Anas platyrhynchos): identification, expression and function analysis of toll-like receptor 3. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:346-352. [PMID: 33215508 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1853045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
1. Innate immunity provides the first line of defence against pathogenic organisms through a myriad of germline encoded receptors called pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, as an important member of PRRs, is indispensable for host defence against viral infection by recognising virus-derived RNAs. However, little is known about the structure and function of TLR3 in ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), a natural host for the avian influenza virus.2. This study cloned the full-length cDNA of duck TLR3 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The cDNA sequence of duck TLR3 was 4046 bp in length and encoded 895 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignment showed that duck TLR3 shared high similarity with that from other vertebrates.3. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis suggested that TLR3 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested, having higher levels in the kidney, liver, breast muscle, ovary and heart. After stimulation with viral- or bacterial-mimics, including LPS, poly(I:C), pam3CSK4, FLS-1, FLA-ST and R848, the TLR3 transcript was significantly upregulated. Meanwhile, overexpression of duck TLR3 significantly promoted the transcription of IFN-β, IRF7, TRIF, Mx, STAT1 and STAT2 mRNA after stimulation with poly(I:C).4. These results suggested that TLR3 play an important role in resistance against viral and bacterial infections in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - G Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - T Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Q Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - L Li
- Zhuji Poultry Development Co., Ltd, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - S Vladyslav
- University of Life and Environment Sciences, National Academy Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - G Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - L Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Muresan XM, Bouchal J, Culig Z, Souček K. Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Solid Cancer and Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3227. [PMID: 33147700 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family, which has been extensively studied for the antiviral function and, therefore, its role in the innate and adaptive immune responses. It is highly expressed in the endosomes of antigen-presenting immune cells and epithelial cells. Several studies have demonstrated TLR3 expression in multiple neoplasia types including breast, prostate, and ovarian cancer. In this perspective, we focus on the mechanisms through which TLR3 can either lead to tumor regression or promote carcinogenesis as well as on the potential of TLR-based therapies in resistant cancer. Abstract Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family, which has been extensively studied for its antiviral function. It is highly expressed in the endosomes of antigen-presenting immune cells and epithelial cells. TLR3 binds specifically double-strand RNAs (dsRNAs), leading to the activation of mainly two downstream pathways: the phosphorylation of IRF3, with subsequent production of type I interferon, and the activation of NF-κB, which drives the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Several studies have demonstrated TLR3 expression in multiple neoplasia types including breast, prostate, and lung cancer. Most studies were focused on the beneficial role of TLR3 activation in tumor cells, which leads to the production of cytotoxic cytokines and interferons and promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis. Indeed, ligands of this receptor were proposed for the treatment of cancer, also in combination with conventional chemotherapy. In contrast to these findings, recent evidence showed a link between TLR3 and tumor progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms through which TLR3 can either lead to tumor regression or promote carcinogenesis as well as the potential of TLR-based therapies in resistant cancer.
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14
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Yoshida T, Miura T, Matsumiya T, Yoshida H, Morohashi H, Sakamoto Y, Kurose A, Imaizumi T, Hakamada K. Toll-Like Receptor 3 as a Recurrence Risk Factor and a Potential Molecular Therapeutic Target in Colorectal Cancer. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:427-438. [PMID: 33061521 PMCID: PMC7537813 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s252157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Colorectal cancer (CRC) often recurs after curative resection. Identification of major risk factors for CRC recurrence is important for effective prevention and treatment. In this study, we examined the potential relationship between CRC and TLR3 as this remains unclear. Patients and Methods Correlations between TLR3 immunostaining and clinicopathological factors and prognosis were examined in 50 samples that were randomly extracted from 264 patients with CRC from January 2010 to December 2011. Chemokines induced by TLR3 agonist stimulation were also examined using TLR3-positive human CRC cell lines. Furthermore, the association between TLR3 and chemokine expression was assessed by analyzing the immunohistochemistry of surgical specimens. Results Of the 50 patients, 14 (28%) were TLR3-negative. In the comparison of clinicopathological factors between the TLR3-negative and -positive groups, there were more lymph node metastasis-positive cases in the TLR3-negative group, and this difference was significant. Furthermore, there was no difference in overall survival rates between the two groups, but the 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) was significantly lower in the TLR3-negative group (46.2%) than in the TLR3-positive group (78.1%). Analysis of 5-year RFS using factors thought to be related to recurrence identified a high tumor budding and a TLR3-negative status as independent risk factors for recurrence. TLR3 activation of CRC cell lines induced expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and interleukin-8. The expressions of CCL2, CCL5, and IL-8 were observed in the TLR3-positive tumor cells of surgical specimens. Conclusion Non-expression of TLR3 in CRC cells was associated with lymph node metastasis and was an independent risk factor for recurrence. These results suggest that TLR3 may not only be used as a prognostic factor and a risk factor for recurrence, but further studies on the involvement of TLR3 with tumor growth may provide new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takuya Miura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hidemi Yoshida
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hajime Morohashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Akira Kurose
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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15
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Chaikeawkaew D, Everts V, Pavasant P. TLR3 activation modulates immunomodulatory properties of human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1225-1236. [PMID: 31981371 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a group of receptors that play roles in the innate immune system. Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDL cells) express several TLRs, including TLR3, a nucleotide sensing receptor that recognizes double-stranded RNA from viral infection. However, its role in hPDL cells is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of hPDL cells in terms of immunomodulation after TLR3 engagement. METHODS HPDL cells were treated with various doses of poly I:C, a TLR3 activator. The expression of interferon-gamma (IFNγ), indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), and human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) was determined. Chemical inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to confirm the role of TLR3. Coculture with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with poly I:C-activated hPDL cells was performed. RESULTS Endosomal TLR3 in hPDL cells was observed by immunocytochemistry. Addition of poly I:C significantly enhanced the expression and secretion of IFNγ, IDO, and HLA-G. Knockdown of TLR3 using siRNA decreased the poly I:C-induced expression of these three molecules. Bafilomycin-A, an inhibitor of auto-phagosome and lysosome fusion, inhibited poly I:C-induced IDO and HLA-G expression, whereas cycloheximide and a TLR3-neutralizing antibody had no effect. In co-culture experiments, poly I:C-activated hPDL cells inhibited PBMCs proliferation and increased mRNA expression of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), a transcription factor which is a marker of regulatory T cells. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that TLR3 engagement of hPDL cells induced immunosuppressive properties of these cells. Because immunosuppressive properties play an important role in tissue healing and regeneration, activation of TLR3 may help to attenuate tissue destruction by limiting the inflammatory process and perhaps initiate the healing and regeneration process of the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daneeya Chaikeawkaew
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Oral Biology Graduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center of Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Li LJ, Zhang SJ, Liu P, Wang YQ, Chen ZL, Wang YJ, Zhou JB, Guo YJ, Zhao L. Corilagin Interferes With Toll-Like Receptor 3-Mediated Immune Response in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:83. [PMID: 31080403 PMCID: PMC6497770 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is the most common infectious disease of the central nervous system worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of HSE is not clear. Research has shown that the immune response mediated by the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling pathway is essential to protect the central nervous system against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. However, an excessive immune response may cause tissue damage accompanied by pathological changes. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism via which corilagin controls HSE through the TLR3 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Cells and mice were pre-treated with polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] or HSV type 1, and then treated with corilagin. After treatment, the mRNA and protein levels of TLR3, TLR-like receptor-associated interferon factor (TRIF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein (TRADD), TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 3 and 6, nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) essential modulator (NEMO), P38, and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) were decreased. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-α, and type 1 interferon-β were also decreased. When TLR3 expression was silenced or increased, corilagin still inhibited the expression of TLR3 and its downstream mediators. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical examinations of mouse brain tissues revealed that corilagin lessened the degree of brain inflammation. Altogether, these results suggest that corilagin may regulate the immune response in HSE and relieve inflammatory injury by interfering with the TLR3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Jun Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Jun Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - You-Qin Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, The Postgraduate Training Center of Jinzhou Medical University, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Bin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, China
| | - Yuan-Jin Guo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Kourko O, Smyth R, Cino D, Seaver K, Petes C, Eo SY, Basta S, Gee K. Poly(I:C)-Mediated Death of Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines Is Induced by Interleukin-27 Treatment. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:483-494. [PMID: 31009295 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-27 is a promising anti-cancer cytokine with therapeutic potential. Exhibiting overlapping properties with type I and II interferons (IFNs), IL-27 impacts cancer cell viability and immune cell activity. Known to modulate toll-like receptor (TLR) expression, we investigated whether IL-27 affected TLR-mediated death in cancer cells. Using DU145 and PC3 cell lines as models of prostate cancer, we investigated whether IL-27 and IFN-γ affect TLR3-mediated cell death. Our results demonstrate that when IL-27 or IFN-γ is added with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], type I IFN (IFN-I) expression increases concurrently with cell death. IL-27 and IFN-γ enhanced TLR3 expression, suggesting a mechanism for sensitization to cell death. Further, PC3 cells were more sensitive to IL-27/poly(I:C)-induced cell death compared with DU145 cells. This correlated with higher production of IFN-β and inducible protein-10 versus IL-6 in response to treatment of PC3 cells compared with DU145. Taken together, this study demonstrates a potential role for IL-27 in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Kourko
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Robin Smyth
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Daniela Cino
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Kyle Seaver
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Carlene Petes
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - So Young Eo
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Sam Basta
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Katrina Gee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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Avendaño-Tamayo E, Rúa A, Parra-Marín MV, Rojas W, Campo O, Chacón-Duque J, Agudelo-Flórez P, Narváez CF, Salgado DM, Restrepo BN, Bedoya G. Evaluation of variants in IL6R, TLR3, and DC-SIGN genes associated with dengue in sampled Colombian population. Biomedica 2019; 39:88-101. [PMID: 31021550 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v39i1.4029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Host genetics is recognized as an influential factor for the development of dengue disease. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the association of dengue with the polymorphisms rs8192284 for gene IL6R, rs3775290 for TLR3, and rs7248637 for DC-SIGN. MATERIALS AND METHODS Of the 292 surveyed subjects, 191 were confirmed for dengue fever and the remaining 101 were included as controls. The genotypes were resolved using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP). In an attempt to determine the risk (Odds Ratio) of suffering dengue fever, data were analyzed using chi-square for alleles and logistic regression for both genotypes and allelic combinations. Confidence intervals were set to 95% for all tests regardless of the adjustment by either self-identification or ancestry. RESULTS For Afro-Colombians, the allele rs8192284 C offered protection against dengue [OR=0.425,(0.204-0.887), p=0.020]. The alleles rs7248637 A and rs3775290 A posed, respectively, an increased risk of dengue for Afro-Colombians [OR=2.389, (1.170-4.879), p=0.015] and Mestizos [OR=2.329, (1.283-4.226), p=0.005]. The reproducibility for rs8192284 C/C [OR=2.45, (1.05-5.76), p=0.013] remained after adjustment by Amerindian ancestry [OR=2.52, (1.04-6.09), p=0.013]. The reproducibility for rs3775290 A/A [OR=2.48, (1.09-5.65), p=0.033] remained after adjustment by European [OR=2.34, (1.02-5.35), p=0.048], Amerindian [OR=2.49, (1.09-5.66), p=0.035], and African ancestry [OR=2.37, (1.04-5.41), p=0.046]. Finally, the association of dengue fever with the allelic combination CAG [OR=2.07, (1.06-4.05), p=0.033] remained after adjustment by Amerindian ancestry [OR=2.16, (1.09-4.28), p=0.028]. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms rs8192284 for IL6R, rs3775290 for TLR3, and rs7248637 for DC-SIGN were associated with the susceptibility to suffer dengue fever in the sampled Colombian population.
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Farkas D, Thompson AAR, Bhagwani AR, Hultman S, Ji H, Kotha N, Farr G, Arnold ND, Braithwaite A, Casbolt H, Cole JE, Sabroe I, Monaco C, Cool CD, Goncharova EA, Lawrie A, Farkas L. Toll-like Receptor 3 Is a Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:199-210. [PMID: 30211629 PMCID: PMC6353001 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201707-1370oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by vascular cell proliferation and endothelial cell apoptosis. TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3) is a receptor for double-stranded RNA and has been recently implicated in vascular protection. OBJECTIVES To study the expression and role of TLR3 in PAH and to determine whether a TLR3 agonist reduces pulmonary hypertension in preclinical models. METHODS Lung tissue and endothelial cells from patients with PAH were investigated by polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and apoptosis assays. TLR3-/- and TLR3+/+ mice were exposed to chronic hypoxia and SU5416. Chronic hypoxia or chronic hypoxia/SU5416 rats were treated with the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (Poly[I:C]). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS TLR3 expression was reduced in PAH patient lung tissue and endothelial cells, and TLR3-/- mice exhibited more severe pulmonary hypertension following exposure to chronic hypoxia/SU5416. TLR3 knockdown promoted double-stranded RNA signaling via other intracellular RNA receptors in endothelial cells. This was associated with greater susceptibility to apoptosis, a known driver of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Poly(I:C) increased TLR3 expression via IL-10 in rat endothelial cells. In vivo, high-dose Poly(I:C) reduced pulmonary hypertension in both rat models in proof-of-principle experiments. In addition, Poly(I:C) also reduced right ventricular failure in established pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Our work identifies a novel role for TLR3 in PAH based on the findings that reduced expression of TLR3 contributes to endothelial apoptosis and pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - A. A. Roger Thompson
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Aneel R. Bhagwani
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Schuyler Hultman
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hyun Ji
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Naveen Kotha
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Grant Farr
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nadine D. Arnold
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Braithwaite
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Casbolt
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer E. Cole
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Sabroe
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carlyne D. Cool
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Elena A. Goncharova
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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20
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Liu Y, Zheng W, Pan Y, Hu J. Low expression of miR-186-5p regulates cell apoptosis by targeting toll-like receptor 3 in high glucose-induced cardiomyocytes. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9532-9538. [PMID: 30506923 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect and mechanism of microRNA-186-5p (miR-186-5p) on the apoptosis in high glucose (HG)-treated cardiomyocytes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy model was established in cardiomyocytes by stimulating with HG. The expressions of miR-186-5p and toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot analysis, respectively. Apoptosis was detected in HG-treated cardiomyocytes by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. The interaction between miR-186-5p and TLR3 was explored by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase activity assay. Results showed that miR-186-5p expression was downregulated in HG-treated cardiomyocytes and its overexpression reversed HG-induced apoptosis and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression. Moreover, TLR3 was indicated as a target of miR-186-5p and regulated by miR-186-5p. Knockdown of TLR3 suppressed HG-induced apoptosis and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression. Besides, restoration of TLR3 ablated the effect of miR-186-5p on cell apoptosis. Collectively, miR-186-5p attenuated HG-induced apoptosis by regulating TLR3 in cardiomyocytes, providing novel biomarker for treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Electrocardial Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Electrocardial Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Electrocardial Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Electrocardial Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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21
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Srivastava S, Kamthania M, Singh S, Saxena AK, Sharma N. Structural basis of development of multi-epitope vaccine against Middle East respiratory syndrome using in silico approach. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:2377-2391. [PMID: 30538505 PMCID: PMC6254671 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s175114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is caused by MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Thus
far, MERS outbreaks have been reported from Saudi Arabia (2013 and 2014) and South Korea
(2015). No specific vaccine has yet been reported against MERS. Purpose To address the urgent need for an MERS vaccine, in the present study, we have designed
two multi-epitope vaccines (MEVs) against MERS utilizing several in silico methods and
tools. Methods The design of both the multi-epitope vaccines (MEVs) are composed of cytotoxic T
lymphocyte (CTL) and helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes, screened form thirteen
different proteins of MERS-CoV. Both the MEVs also carry potential B-cell linear epitope
regions, B-cell discontinuous epitopes as well as interferon-γ-inducing
epitopes. Human β-defensin-2 and β-defensin-3 were used as adjuvants to
enhance the immune response of MEVs. To design the MEVs, short peptide molecular linkers
were utilized to link screened most potential CTL epitopes, HTL epitopes and the
adjuvants. Tertiary models for both the MEVs were generated, refined, and further
studied for their molecular interaction with toll-like receptor 3. The cDNAs of both
MEVs were generated and analyzed in silico for their expression in a mammalian host cell
line (human). Results Screened CTL and HTL epitopes were found to have high propensity for stable molecular
interaction with HLA alleles molecules. CTL epitopes were also found to have favorable
molecular interaction within the cavity of transporter associated with antigen
processing. The selected CTL and HTL epitopes jointly cover upto 94.0% of worldwide
human population. Both the CTL and HTL MEVs molecular models have shown to have stable
binding and complex formation propensity with toll-like receptor 3. The cDNA analysis of
both the MEVs have shown high expression tendency in mammalian host cell line
(human). Conclusion After multistage in silico analysis, both the MEVs are predicted to elicit humoral as
well as cell mediated immune response. Epitopes of the designed MEVs are predicted to
cover large human population worldwide. Hence both the designed MEVs could be tried in
vivo as potential vaccine candidates against MERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrit Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India, .,Molecular Medicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India,
| | - Mohit Kamthania
- Department of Biotechnology, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India, .,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Applied Medicines and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Soni Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India,
| | - Ajay K Saxena
- Molecular Medicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India,
| | - Nishi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India,
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22
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Ahmed-Hassan H, Abdul-Cader MS, Ahmed Sabry M, Hamza E, Sharif S, Nagy E, Abdul-Careem MF. Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid-Mediated Antiviral Response Against Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2018; 31:433-446. [PMID: 29813000 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 signaling pathway is known to induce type 1 interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory mediators leading to antiviral response against many viral infections. Double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) has been shown to act as a ligand for TLR3 and, as such, has been a focus as a potential antiviral agent in many host-viral infection models. Yet, its effectiveness and involved mechanisms as a mediator against low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) have not been investigated adequately. In this study, we used avian fibroblasts to verify whether dsRNA induces antiviral response against H4N6 LPAIV and clarify whether type 1 IFNs and proinflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1β are contributing to the dsRNA-mediated antiviral response against H4N6 LPAIV. We found that dsRNA induces antiviral response in avian fibroblasts against H4N6 LPAIV infection. The treatment of avian fibroblasts with dsRNA increases the expressions of TLR3, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-1β. We also confirmed that this antiviral response elicited against H4N6 LPAIV infection correlates, but is not attributable to type 1 IFNs or IL-1β. Our findings imply that the TLR3 ligand, dsRNA, can elicit antiviral response in avian fibroblasts against LPAIV infection, highlighting potential value of dsRNA as an antiviral agent against LPAIV infections. However, further investigations are required to determine the potential role of other innate immune mediators or combination of the tested cytokines in the dsRNA-mediated antiviral response against H4N6 LPAIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Ahmed-Hassan
- 1 Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada .,2 Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sarjoon Abdul-Cader
- 1 Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maha Ahmed Sabry
- 2 Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Hamza
- 2 Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
| | - Shayan Sharif
- 3 Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Nagy
- 3 Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- 1 Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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23
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Veyrat M, Durand S, Classe M, Glavan TM, Oker N, Kapetanakis NI, Jiang X, Gelin A, Herman P, Casiraghi O, Zagzag D, Enot D, Busson P, Vérillaud B. Stimulation of the toll-like receptor 3 promotes metabolic reprogramming in head and neck carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82580-82593. [PMID: 27791989 PMCID: PMC5347715 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a possible link between the innate immune recognition receptor TLR3 and metabolic reprogramming in Head and Neck carcinoma (HNC) cells was investigated. The effects of TLR3 stimulation/knock-down were assessed under several culture conditions in 4 HNC cell-lines by cell growth assays, targeted metabolomics, and glycolysis assays based on time-resolved analysis of proton release (Seahorse analyzer). The stimulation of TLR3 by its synthetic agonist Poly(A:U) resulted in a faster growth of HNC cells under low foetal calf serum conditions. Targeted analysis of glucose metabolism pathways demonstrated a tendency towards a shift from tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to glycolysis and anabolic reactions in cells treated with Poly(A:U). Glycolysis assays confirmed that TLR3 stimulation enhanced the capacity of malignant cells to switch from oxidative phosphorylation to extra-mitochondrial glycolysis. We found evidence that HIF-1α is involved in this process: addition of the TLR3 agonist resulted in a higher cell concentration of the HIF-1α protein, even in normoxia, whereas knocking-down TLR3 resulted in a lower concentration, even in hypoxia. Finally, we assessed TLR3 expression by immunohistochemistry in a series of 7 HNSCC specimens and found that TLR3 was detected at higher levels in tumors displaying a hypoxic staining pattern. Overall, our results demonstrate that TLR3 stimulation induces the Warburg effect in HNC cells in vitro, and suggest that TLR3 may play a role in tumor adaptation to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Veyrat
- University Paris-Sud (Paris 11), CNRS-UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sylvère Durand
- Equipe 11 Labélisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marion Classe
- Department of Pathology, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | | | - Natalie Oker
- University Paris-Sud (Paris 11), CNRS-UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Department of Head and Neck surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | | | - Xiaojun Jiang
- University Paris-Sud (Paris 11), CNRS-UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurore Gelin
- University Paris-Sud (Paris 11), CNRS-UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Herman
- Department of Head and Neck surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Odile Casiraghi
- Department of Biopathology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - David Zagzag
- Department of Neuropathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Enot
- Equipe 11 Labélisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Busson
- University Paris-Sud (Paris 11), CNRS-UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Vérillaud
- University Paris-Sud (Paris 11), CNRS-UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Department of Head and Neck surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
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24
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Guo L, Xu XQ, Zhou L, Zhou RH, Wang X, Li JL, Liu JB, Liu H, Zhang B, Ho WZ. Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Release Antiviral Factors That Inhibit HIV Infection of Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515574 PMCID: PMC5825896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a rich source of CD4+ T cells and macrophages, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a major target site for HIV infection. The interplay between GI-resident macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) constitutes an important element of GI innate immunity against pathogens. In this study, we investigated whether human IECs have the ability to produce antiviral factors that can inhibit HIV infection of macrophages. We demonstrated that IECs possess functional toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), the activation of which resulted in induction of key interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF3 and IRF7), IFN-β, IFN-λ, and CC chemokines (MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES), the ligands of HIV entry co-receptor CCR5. In addition, TLR3-activated IECs release exosomes that contained the anti-HIV factors, including IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs: ISG15, ISG56, MxB, OAS-1, GBP5, and Viperin) and HIV restriction miRNAs (miRNA-17, miRNA-20, miRNA-28, miRNA-29 family members, and miRNA-125b). Importantly, treatment of macrophages with supernatant (SN) from the activated IEC cultures inhibited HIV replication. Further studies showed that IEC SN could also induce the expression of antiviral ISGs and cellular HIV restriction factors (Tetherin and APOBEC3G/3F) in HIV-infected macrophages. These findings indicated that IECs might act as an important element in GI innate immunity against HIV infection/replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Guo
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi-Qiu Xu
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Run-Hong Zhou
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jie-Liang Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin-Biao Liu
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Ho
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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25
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Yamamura Y, Morizane S, Yamamoto T, Wada J, Iwatsuki K. High calcium enhances the expression of double-stranded RNA sensors and antiviral activity in epidermal keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:129-134. [PMID: 29087009 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensors including TLR3, MDA5 and RIG-I are expressed in epidermal keratinocytes and play an important immunological role by enhancing various innate and adaptive immune responses. Although the role of elevated extracellular calcium concentration in keratinocyte differentiation is well understood, the effect of high calcium on dsRNA sensors is not well studied. We investigated alterations in dsRNA sensor expression and antiviral activity induced by a high extracellular concentration of calcium in epidermal keratinocytes. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were stimulated with high calcium and/or synthetic dsRNA, poly (I:C). TLR3, IFIH1 (MDA5) and DDX58 (RIG-I) expression were measured via qPCR, and IFN-β and human beta-defensin 2 (HBD2) levels were measured using ELISA. TLR3 localization was evaluated with immunocytofluorescence. Antiviral activity was quantified with virus plaque assays using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). High calcium significantly upregulated mRNA expression of TLR3, IFIH1 and DDX58 in NHEKs. In addition, high calcium significantly enhanced poly (I:C)-induced anti-HSV-1 activity in NHEKs. The antiviral molecule HBD2 but not IFN-β induction by poly (I:C) was enhanced by high calcium. Our findings indicate that high levels of extracellular calcium enhance the expression of dsRNA sensors and augment antiviral activity in epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Yamamura
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Morizane
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keiji Iwatsuki
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Matsumoto M, Takeda Y, Tatematsu M, Seya T. Toll-Like Receptor 3 Signal in Dendritic Cells Benefits Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1897. [PMID: 29312355 PMCID: PMC5742578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune system and contribute to host defense against microbial infection. PRR-mediated antimicrobial signals provide robust type-I IFN/cytokine production and trigger inflammation, thereby affecting tumor progression and autoimmune diseases. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that among the PRRs, only the signaling pathway of endosomal toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) induces no systemic inflammation and mediates cross-priming of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by dendritic cells. Treatment with a newly developed TLR3-specific ligand, ARNAX, along with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), induces tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, modulates the tumor microenvironment to establish Th1-type antitumor immunity, and leads to tumor regression without inflammation in mouse tumor models. Combination therapy using ARNAX/TAA and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade potently enhances antitumor response and overcomes anti-PD-1/PD-L1 resistance. In this review, we will discuss the TLR3-mediated signaling in antitumor immunity and its application to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Matsumoto
- Department of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yohei Takeda
- Department of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Megumi Tatematsu
- Department of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Seya
- Department of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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27
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Blüm P, Pircher J, Merkle M, Czermak T, Ribeiro A, Mannell H, Krötz F, Hennrich A, Spannagl M, Köppel S, Gaitzsch E, Wörnle M. Arterial thrombosis in the context of HCV-associated vascular disease can be prevented by protein C. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:986-996. [PMID: 27086952 PMCID: PMC5719134 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major problem worldwide. HCV is not limited to liver disease but is frequently complicated by immune-mediated extrahepatic manifestations such as glomerulonephritis or vasculitis. A fatal complication of HCV-associated vascular disease is thrombosis. Polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid (poly (I:C)), a synthetic analog of viral RNA, induces a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-dependent arteriolar thrombosis without significant thrombus formation in venules in vivo. These procoagulant effects are caused by increased endothelial synthesis of tissue factor and PAI-1 without platelet activation. In addition to human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC), human mesangial cells (HMC) produce procoagulatory factors, cytokines and adhesion molecules after stimulation with poly (I:C) or HCV-containing cryoprecipitates from a patient with a HCV infection as well. Activated protein C (APC) is able to prevent the induction of procoagulatory factors in HUVEC and HMC in vitro and blocks the effects of poly (I:C) and HCV-RNA on the expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules in HMC but not in HUVEC. In vivo, protein C inhibits poly (I:C)-induced arteriolar thrombosis. Thus, endothelial cells are de facto able to actively participate in immune-mediated vascular thrombosis caused by viral infections. Finally, we provide evidence for the ability of protein C to inhibit TLR3-mediated arteriolar thrombosis caused by HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Blüm
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig Maximilians University München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Joachim Pircher
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig Maximilians University München, 80336 München, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Monika Merkle
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Czermak
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig Maximilians University München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Andrea Ribeiro
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Hanna Mannell
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig Maximilians University München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Florian Krötz
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig Maximilians University München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Alexander Hennrich
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig Maximilians University München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Michael Spannagl
- Abteilung für Transfusionsmedizin, Zelltherapeutika und Hämostaseologie, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Simone Köppel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Erik Gaitzsch
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig Maximilians University München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Markus Wörnle
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
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Clua P, Kanmani P, Zelaya H, Tada A, Kober AKMH, Salva S, Alvarez S, Kitazawa H, Villena J. Peptidoglycan from Immunobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Improves Resistance of Infant Mice to Respiratory Syncytial Viral Infection and Secondary Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Front Immunol 2017; 8:948. [PMID: 28848552 PMCID: PMC5554128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several research works have demonstrated that beneficial microbes with the capacity to modulate the mucosal immune system (immunobiotics) are an interesting alternative to improve the outcome of bacterial and viral respiratory infections. Among the immunobiotic strains with the capacity to beneficially modulate respiratory immunity, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 has outstanding properties. Although we have significantly advanced in demonstrating the capacity of L. rhamnosus CRL1505 to improve resistance against respiratory infections as well as in the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its beneficial activities, the potential protective ability of this strain or its immunomodulatory cellular fractions in the context of a secondary bacterial pneumonia has not been addressed before. In this work, we demonstrated that the nasal priming with non-viable L. rhamnosus CRL1505 or its purified peptidoglycan differentially modulated the respiratory innate antiviral immune response triggered by toll-like receptor 3 activation in infant mice, improving the resistance to primary respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, and secondary pneumococcal pneumonia. In association with the protection against RSV-pneumococcal superinfection, we found that peptidoglycan from L. rhamnosus CRL1505 significantly improved lung CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+, and CD3+CD4+IL-10+ T cells as well as CD11c+SiglecF+IFN-β+ alveolar macrophages with the consequent increases of IFN-γ, IL-10, and IFN-β in the respiratory tract. Our results also showed that the increase of these three cytokines is necessary to achieve protection against respiratory superinfection since each of them are involved in different aspect of the secondary pneumococcal pneumonia that have to be controlled in order to reduce the severity of the infectious disease: lung pneumococcal colonization, bacteremia, and inflammatory-mediated lung tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Clua
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Tucuman, Argentina.,Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Paulraj Kanmani
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hortensia Zelaya
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Tucuman, Argentina.,Institute of Applied Biochemistry, National University of Tucumán, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Asuka Tada
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - A K M Humayun Kober
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susana Salva
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Tucuman, Argentina.,Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Susana Alvarez
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Tucuman, Argentina.,Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina.,Institute of Applied Biochemistry, National University of Tucumán, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Tucuman, Argentina.,Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina.,Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Zou H, Su R, Ruan J, Shao H, Qian K, Ye J, Qin A. Toll-like receptor 3 pathway restricts Marek's disease virus infection. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70847-70853. [PMID: 29050325 PMCID: PMC5642600 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an α-herpesvirus that causes immune suppression and T lymphoma in chickens. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is critical for the host immune response against MDV infection. Previously, our team demonstrated that pre-treatment of TLR3 agonist poly (I:C) inhibited Marek's disease virus infection in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs). However, whether TLR3 inhibits the aggravation of MDV infection is unknown. In the current study, we found that TLR3 activation in MDV-infected CEFs effectively inhibited virus spread. Using pharmacological approaches, we revealed that pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferon-β induced by TLR3 could restrict Marek's disease virus infection. This study contributes to elucidating the function and mechanism of the TLR3 pathway in host immune responses against MDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zou
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Ruixue Su
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ruan
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China
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30
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Yuan AY, He HF, Lyu FY, Liu PP, Hu JF, Chen ZB. [Association of TLR3-1377C/T gene polymorphisms and expression with susceptibility to enterovirus 71 encephalitis in children]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2017; 19:39-43. [PMID: 28100320 PMCID: PMC7390130 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of gene polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-1377C/T and expression of TLR3 with the susceptibility to enterovirus 71 (EV71) encephalitis in children. METHODS A total of 187 children with EV71 infection (59 children in the encephalitis group and 128 in the non-encephalitis group) and 232 children who underwent physical examination were enrolled in the case-control study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the TLR3-1377C/T gene polymorphisms. ELISA was used to measure the serum level of TLR3. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of TLR3-1377C/T between the non-encephalitis group and the encephalitis group. Compared with the control group, the encephalitis group and the non-encephalitis group had significant increases in the serum level of TLR3 (P<0.05), and the non-encephalitis group had the highest level (P<0.05). The encephalitis group had a significantly higher EV71 viral load than the non-encephalitis group (P<0.01). The children aged <1 year or ≥1 year in the encephalitis group and the non-encephalitis group had significant increases in the serum level of TLR3 compared with their counterparts in the control group (P<0.05), and the children aged <1 year or ≥1 year in the non-encephalitis group had a significantly higher serum level of TLR3 than those in the encephalitis group (P<0.05). In the encephalitis group, the children aged ≥1 year had a significantly higher TLR3 concentration than those aged <1 year (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the TLR3 concentration between the children aged ≥1 year and <1 year in the non-encephalitis group and the control group. In the encephalitis group, the proportion of children aged <1 year was significantly higher than those aged ≥1 year (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The TLR3-1377C/T gene polymorphisms are not significantly associated with the development of EV71 encephalitis. Low expression of TLR3 might weaken the inhibitory effect on virus replication and promote the development of EV71 encephalitis. The deficiency in the expression of TLR3 in serum after EV71 infection might be an important factor for the development of encephalitis in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, China.
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31
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Yuan AY, He HF, Lyu FY, Liu PP, Hu JF, Chen ZB. [Association of TLR3-1377C/T gene polymorphisms and expression with susceptibility to enterovirus 71 encephalitis in children]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2017; 19:39-43. [PMID: 28100320 PMCID: PMC7390130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of gene polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-1377C/T and expression of TLR3 with the susceptibility to enterovirus 71 (EV71) encephalitis in children. METHODS A total of 187 children with EV71 infection (59 children in the encephalitis group and 128 in the non-encephalitis group) and 232 children who underwent physical examination were enrolled in the case-control study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the TLR3-1377C/T gene polymorphisms. ELISA was used to measure the serum level of TLR3. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of TLR3-1377C/T between the non-encephalitis group and the encephalitis group. Compared with the control group, the encephalitis group and the non-encephalitis group had significant increases in the serum level of TLR3 (P<0.05), and the non-encephalitis group had the highest level (P<0.05). The encephalitis group had a significantly higher EV71 viral load than the non-encephalitis group (P<0.01). The children aged <1 year or ≥1 year in the encephalitis group and the non-encephalitis group had significant increases in the serum level of TLR3 compared with their counterparts in the control group (P<0.05), and the children aged <1 year or ≥1 year in the non-encephalitis group had a significantly higher serum level of TLR3 than those in the encephalitis group (P<0.05). In the encephalitis group, the children aged ≥1 year had a significantly higher TLR3 concentration than those aged <1 year (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the TLR3 concentration between the children aged ≥1 year and <1 year in the non-encephalitis group and the control group. In the encephalitis group, the proportion of children aged <1 year was significantly higher than those aged ≥1 year (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The TLR3-1377C/T gene polymorphisms are not significantly associated with the development of EV71 encephalitis. Low expression of TLR3 might weaken the inhibitory effect on virus replication and promote the development of EV71 encephalitis. The deficiency in the expression of TLR3 in serum after EV71 infection might be an important factor for the development of encephalitis in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, China.
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Matijevic Glavan T, Cipak Gasparovic A, Vérillaud B, Busson P, Pavelic J. Toll-like receptor 3 stimulation triggers metabolic reprogramming in pharyngeal cancer cell line through Myc, MAPK, and HIF. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:1214-1226. [PMID: 27805282 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) has a dual role in cancer; its activation can trigger apoptosis as well as stimulate cancer cell survival, proliferation, and progression. We have shown here that TLR3 activation can induce metabolic reprogramming in a pharyngeal cancer cell line, leading to increased aerobic glycolysis, cell migration, elevated levels of reactive oxidative species (ROS), and decreased anti-oxidative response. Key proteins in these signaling pathways are heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and CD44 variants, which were over-expressed after TLR3 stimulation. TLR3 activation also induced upregulation of different genes involved in cancer progression (VEGF, MMP9, uPAR) and enzymes involved in glycolytic pathway. Most of the observed effects were Myc-dependent; however, some of them were also connected with MAPK and HIF signaling pathways. Since TLR3 agonists are being investigated as potential novel cancer therapy adjuvants and apoptosis inducers, alone or in combination with other therapeutic options, data presented here suggest extreme caution before their introduction into clinical practice. The fact that TLR3 ligands [poly(I:C) and poly(A:U)] can also aid cancer survival and progression, through induction of metabolic reprogramming, emphasizes the need to investigate this particular topic. Our data suggest that the combination of TLR3 ligands with Myc or MAPK inhibitors may be a way to neutralize their undesirable effects while enhancing their anti-tumor effect. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Matijevic Glavan
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Cipak Gasparovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Benjamin Vérillaud
- Institut Gustave Roussy, University Paris-Sud 11, CNRS-UMR 8126, Villejuif, France.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Busson
- Institut Gustave Roussy, University Paris-Sud 11, CNRS-UMR 8126, Villejuif, France
| | - Jasminka Pavelic
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Gan H, Hao Q, Idell S, Tang H. Interferon-γ promotes double-stranded RNA-induced TLR3-dependent apoptosis via upregulation of transcription factor Runx3 in airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1101-L1112. [PMID: 27793801 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00278.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory tract infections are the most common illness in humans. Infection of the respiratory viruses results in accumulation of viral replicative double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is one of the important components of infecting viruses for the induction of lung epithelial cell apoptosis and innate immune response, including the production of interferon (IFN). In the present study, we have investigated the regulation of dsRNA-induced airway epithelial cell apoptosis by IFN. We found that transcription factor Runx3 was strongly induced by type-II IFNγ, slightly by type-III IFNλ, but essentially not by type-I IFNα in airway epithelial cells. IFNγ-induced expression of Runx3 was predominantly mediated by JAK-STAT1 pathway and partially by NF-κB pathway. Interestingly, Runx3 can be synergistically induced by IFNγ with a synthetic analog of viral dsRNA polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) through both JAK-STAT1 and NF-κB pathways. We further found that dsRNA poly(I:C)-induced apoptosis of airway epithelial cells was mediated by dsRNA receptor toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and was markedly augmented by IFNγ through the enhanced expression of TLR3 and subsequent activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Last, we demonstrated that upregulation of Runx3 by IFNγ promoted TLR3 expression, thus amplifying the dsRNA-induced apoptosis in airway epithelial cells. These novel findings indicate that IFNγ promotes dsRNA-induced TLR3-dependent apoptosis via upregulation of transcription factor Runx3 in airway epithelial cells. Findings from our study may provide new insights into the regulation of airway epithelial cell apoptosis by IFNγ during viral respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachen Gan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
| | - Qin Hao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and.,Texas Lung Injury Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
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Citores MJ, Pérez-Pulgar S, Duca A, Crespo G, de la Fuente S, Vilches C, Navasa M, Cuervas-Mons V. Rapidity of fibrosis progression in liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C is influenced by toll-like receptor 3 polymorphism. Clin Transplant 2016; 30:810-8. [PMID: 27101936 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation activates the innate immune system through toll-like receptors (TLRs), potentially leading to allograft rejection and graft failure. We evaluated the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TLR genes with the severity of hepatitis C virus recurrence after liver transplantation (LT). This is a two-center study of 176 adult patients who received a first LT from deceased donors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis. Eleven polymorphisms were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and melting curves analyses: TLR1 (Asp248Ser and Ser602Ile), TLR2 (Arg753Gln), TLR3 (Leu412Phe), TLR4 (Asp299Gly), TLR5 (Arg392Stop), TLR6 (Ser249Pro), TLR7 (Gln11Leu), TLR8 (Met1Val), and TLR9 (-1237T/C and -1486C/T). The CC genotype of TLR3 Leu412Phe in liver recipients was associated with severe recurrence (odds ratio (OR) = 2.01, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.02-3.93, p = 0.04). We also analyzed this polymorphism in 72 of their donors but no association was found with severity of HCV recurrence (p = 0.89). Multivariate analysis showed donor age older than 40 yr (OR=2.93; 95% CI = 1.49-5.8, p = 0.002) and the TLR3 Leu412Phe CC genotype (OR=2.02, 95%CI=1.01-4.05, p = 0.046) were independently associated with severe HCV recurrence. Our results show that the TLR3 Leu412Phe CC genotype is independently associated with severity of hepatitis C recurrence after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Citores
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (IDIPHIM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofia Pérez-Pulgar
- Unidad de Trasplante Hepático, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERedh, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Duca
- Unidad de Trasplante Hepático, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Crespo
- Unidad de Trasplante Hepático, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERedh, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara de la Fuente
- Unidad de Trasplante Hepático, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Grupo de Inmunogenética e Histocompatibilidad, Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Navasa
- Unidad de Trasplante Hepático, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERedh, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentin Cuervas-Mons
- Unidad de Trasplante Hepático, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Engin A, Arslan S, Özbilüm N, Bakir M. Is there any relationship between Toll-like receptor 3 c.1377C/T and -7C/A polymorphisms and susceptibility to Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever? J Med Virol 2016; 88:1690-6. [PMID: 26959380 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an infectious disease that is caused by CCHF virus. A family of transmembrane receptors called as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) selectively acts in recognizing a wide range of microbial components and endogenous molecules released by damaged tissue and have been preserved throughout evolution. TLRs initiate some signaling cascades which activate the innate immune system. Mainly four TLRs act in protection against viral infections; TLR3 is one of them. TLR3 identifies dsRNA. By producing inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons, it generates an antiviral immune response. Proper response to TLR ligands may be impaired by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within TLR genes in some indviduals, and this can cause varied susceptibility to infections. In the present work, polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism is used to analyze the frequencies of TLR3 (c.1377C/T and -7C/A) polymorphisms in 149 CCHF patients and 171 healthy adults as controls, in Cumhuriyet University, Sivas/Turkey. We also investigated the relation between these polymorphisms and severity or mortality of CCHF disease. This is the first study investigating the TLR3 SNPs in patients with CCHF. In the present study, the frequency of the TLR3 (c.1377C/T and -7A/C) genotypes in fatal and non-fatal cases were comparable, however, the homozygous mutant (TT) genotype frequency of TLR3 c.1377C/T in CCHF patients was significantly higher than that of the healthy controls. In conclusion, presence of TLR3 c.1377 TT genotype may have a role in the susceptibility to CCHF. J. Med. Virol. 88:1690-1696, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Engin
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cumhuriyet University, School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Serdal Arslan
- Department of Medical Biology, Cumhuriyet University, School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Nil Özbilüm
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bakir
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cumhuriyet University, School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
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Helminen O, Huhta H, Lehenkari PP, Saarnio J, Karttunen TJ, Kauppila JH. Nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors 3, 7 and 8 in esophageal epithelium, barrett's esophagus, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1127495. [PMID: 27467941 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1127495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are immunological receptors recognizing various microbial and endogenous ligands, such as DNA, RNA, and other microbial and host components thus activating immunological responses. The expression of TLRs in esophageal adenocarcinoma is not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate expression patterns of those TLRs that sense nucleic acids in Barrett's esophagus with and without dysplasia and in esophageal adenocarcinoma. TLRs 3, 7 and 8 were stained immunohistochemically and evaluated in a cohort of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma or dysplasia. Specimens with normal esophagus (n = 88), gastric (n = 67) or intestinal metaplasia (n = 51) without dysplasia, and low-grade (n = 42) or high-grade dysplasia (n = 37) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 99) were studied. We used immunofluorescence to confirm the subcellular localization of TLRs. We found abundant expression of TLR3, 7 and 8 in esophageal squamous epithelium, columnar metaplasia, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Cytoplasmic expression of TLR3, TLR7 or TLR8 did not associate to clinicopathological parameters or prognosis in esophageal cancer. High nuclear expression of TLR8, confirmed with immunofluorescence, in cancer cells was observed in tumors of high T-stage (p < 0.01) and in tumors with organ metastasis (p < 0.001). High nuclear TLR8 expression was associated with poor prognosis (p < 0.001). The expression of TLR3, TLR7 and TLR8 increased toward dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. We demonstrated nuclear localization of TLR8, which associates with metastasis and poor prognosis. TLR3 and TLR7 do not seem to have prognostic significance in esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Helminen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Huhta
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri P Lehenkari
- Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Saarnio
- Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo J Karttunen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Joonas H Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Yan K, Cheng L, Liu P, Liu Z, Zhao S, Zhu W, Wang Q, Wu H, Han D. Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid Perturbs Ovarian Functions Through Toll-Like Receptor 3-Mediated Tumor Necrosis Factor A Production in Female Mice. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:11. [PMID: 26040668 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.128348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections may perturb ovarian functions and female fertility. Mechanisms underlying viral perturbation of ovarian functions are incompletely understood. This study found that intraperitoneal injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] in female mice inhibits estradiol synthesis and induces ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis. Poly (I:C) is a synthetic viral double-stranded RNA analog, which induces innate antiviral responses mimicking a viral infection through activation of pattern recognition receptors, including toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), retinoic acid-inducible gene I, and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5. Injection of poly (I:C) significantly induced granulosa cell apoptosis in antral follicles and reduced antral follicle numbers. These effects were significantly diminished in Tlr3 knockout or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnfa) knockout mice. We demonstrated that poly (I:C) induced TNFA production at a relatively high level in wild-type mice compared with that in Tlr3 knockout mice. Notably, TNFA neutralizing antibody significantly reduced poly (I:C)-induced ovarian dysfunction. In vitro assays confirmed that TNFA inhibits estradiol synthesis and induces granulosa cell apoptosis. Results provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which a mimicked viral infection perturbs ovarian functions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shutao Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Nie L, Xiong R, Zhang YS, Zhu LY, Shao JZ, Xiang LX. Conserved inhibitory role of teleost SOCS-1s in IFN signaling pathways. Dev Comp Immunol 2014; 43:23-29. [PMID: 24183820 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS-1) protein is a critical regulator in the immune systems of humans and mammals, which functions classically as an inhibitor of the IFN signaling pathways. However, data on functional characterisation of SOCS-1 in ancient vertebrates are limited. In this study, we report the function of teleost SOCS-1s in IFN signaling in fish models (zebrafish and Tetraodon) and human cells. Structurally, teleost SOCS-1s share conserved functional domains with their mammalian counterparts. Functionally, teleost SOCS-1s could be significantly induced upon stimulation with IFN stimulants and zebrafish IFNφ1. Overexpression of teleost SOCS-1s could dramatically suppress IFNφ1-induced Mx, Viperin and PKZ activation in zebrafish, and IFN-induced ISG15 activation in HeLa cells. Furthermore, a SOCS-1 variant that lacks the KIR domain was also characterised. This study demonstrates the conserved negative regulatory role of teleost SOCS-1s in IFN signaling pathways, providing perspective into the functional conservation of SOCS-1 proteins during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Sheng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lv-yun Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Xin Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
While considerable effort has been made to investigate the neural mechanisms of pain, much less effort has been devoted to itch, at least until recently. However, itch is now gaining increasing recognition as a widespread and costly medical and socioeconomic issue. This is accompanied by increasing interest in the underlying neural mechanisms of itch, which has become a vibrant and rapidly-advancing field of research. The goal of the present forefront review is to describe the recent progress that has been made in our understanding of itch mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Akiyama
- University of California, Davis, Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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Deslauriers J, Larouche A, Sarret P, Grignon S. Combination of prenatal immune challenge and restraint stress affects prepulse inhibition and dopaminergic/GABAergic markers. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 45:156-64. [PMID: 23697796 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gestational immune challenge with the viral-like antigen poly I:C is a well-established neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. However, exposure to inflammation during early life may sensitize the developing brain to secondary insults and enhance the central nervous system vulnerability. To gain a better understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, we thus developed a two-hit animal model based on prenatal poly I:C immune challenge followed by restraint stress in juvenile mice. C57BL/6 gestational mice were intraperitoneally injected with poly I:C or saline at gestational day 12. Pups were then submitted or not, to restraint stress for 2h, for three consecutive days, from postnatal days 33 to 35. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle response is commonly used to assess sensorimotor gating, a neural process severely disrupted in patients with schizophrenia. Our results revealed that the combination of prenatal immune challenge with poly I:C followed by a restraint stress period was able to induce a PPI disruption in 36-day-old pups, as opposed to each insult applied separately. PPI deficits were accompanied by dopaminergic and GABAergic abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. Indeed, measurements of cortical and striatal dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) mRNA and protein levels revealed that the combination of gestational exposure to poly I:C and postnatal restraint stress induced an increase in D2R protein and mRNA levels. Likewise, the combination of both insults reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of the 67 kDa form of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), in those two brain regions. To our knowledge, this two-hit animal model is the first in vivo model reporting PPI deficits at pubertal age. This two-hit animal model may also help in studying innovative therapies dedicated to the treatment of schizophrenia, especially in its early phase.
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41
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Chiba E, Tomosada Y, Vizoso-Pinto MG, Salva S, Takahashi T, Tsukida K, Kitazawa H, Alvarez S, Villena J. Immunobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus improves resistance of infant mice against respiratory syncytial virus infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:373-82. [PMID: 23838113 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previously we showed that orally administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 beneficially regulated the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in the lungs of poly(I:C)-challenged mice, allowing an effective inflammatory response against the TLR3/RIG-I agonist but at the same time reducing tissue damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether oral administration of the CRL1505 strain was able to improve resistance against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infant mice and to evaluate the immunological mechanisms involved in the immunobiotic effect. We demonstrated that treatment of 3-week old BALB/c mice with L. rhamnosus CRL1505 significantly reduce lung viral loads and tissue injuries after the challenge with RSV. Moreover, we showed that the protective effect achieved by the CRL1505 strain is related to its capacity to differentially modulate respiratory antiviral immune response. Our results shows that IFN-γ and IL-10 secreted in response to L. rhamnosus CRL1505 oral stimulation would modulate the pulmonary innate immune microenvironment conducting to the activation of CD103(+) and CD11b(high) dendritic cells and the generation of CD3(+)CD4(+)IFN-γ(+) Th1 cells with the consequent attenuation of the strong and damaging Th2 reactions associated with RSV challenge. Our results indicate that modulation of the common mucosal immune system by immunobiotics could favor protective immunity against respiratory viral pathogens with a high attack rate in early infancy, such as RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Chiba
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Abstract
The fundamental mechanisms that drive the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) remain elusive, despite over 50 years of investigation. Here, we review recent progress in the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of SSc. In particular, we consider interleukin-13 (IL13), and its upstream and downstream pathways, as an example of an immune system-derived mediator involved in fibrotic and vascular pathology. Emerging results linking pattern-recognition receptors and interferon pathways to SSc are also stressed. We discuss genetic data linking the immune system to SSc risk and efforts to apply animal models to subsets of patients recently resolved by gene expression profiling. These developments will help build a context for better understanding of previous observations and design of the next generation of studies that may eventually lead to effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antonios O. Aliprantis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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43
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Qi R, Singh D, Kao CC. Proteolytic processing regulates Toll-like receptor 3 stability and endosomal localization. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:32617-29. [PMID: 22865861 PMCID: PMC3463343 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.387803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 7, and 9 are innate immune receptors that recognize nucleic acids from pathogens in endosomes and initiate signaling transductions that lead to cytokine production. Activation of TLR9 for signaling requires proteolytic processing within the ectodomain by endosome-associated proteases. Whether TLR3 requires similar proteolytic processing to become competent for signaling remains unclear. Herein we report that human TLR3 is proteolytically processed to form two fragments in endosomes. Unc93b1 is required for processing by transporting TLR3 through the Golgi complex and to the endosomes. Proteolytic cleavage requires the eight-amino acid Loop1 within leucine-rich repeat 12 of the TLR3 ectodomain. Proteolytic cleavage is not required for TLR3 signaling in response to poly(I:C), although processing could modulate the degree of response toward viral double-stranded RNAs, especially in mouse cells. Both the full-length and cleaved fragments of TLR3 can bind poly(I:C) and are present in endosomes. However, although the full-length TLR3 has a half-life in HEK293T cells of 3 h, the cleaved fragments have half-lives in excess of 7 h. Inhibition of TLR3 cleavage by either treatment with cathepsin inhibitor or by a mutation in Loop1 decreased the abundance of TLR3 in endosomes targeted for lysosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsu Qi
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401
| | - Divyendu Singh
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401
| | - C. Cheng Kao
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401
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Luo J, Obmolova G, Malia TJ, Wu SJ, Duffy KE, Marion JD, Bell JK, Ge P, Zhou ZH, Teplyakov A, Zhao Y, Lamb RJ, Jordan JL, San Mateo LR, Sweet RW, Gilliland GL. Lateral clustering of TLR3:dsRNA signaling units revealed by TLR3ecd:3Fabs quaternary structure. J Mol Biol 2012; 421:112-24. [PMID: 22579623 PMCID: PMC3920545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes dsRNA and initiates an innate immune response through the formation of a signaling unit (SU) composed of one double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and two TLR3 molecules. We report the crystal structure of human TLR3 ectodomain (TLR3ecd) in a quaternary complex with three neutralizing Fab fragments. Fab15 binds an epitope that overlaps the C-terminal dsRNA binding site and, in biochemical assays, blocks the interaction of TLR3ecd with dsRNA, thus directly antagonizing TLR3 signaling through inhibition of SU formation. In contrast, Fab12 and Fab1068 bind TLR3ecd at sites distinct from the N- and C-terminal regions that interact with dsRNA and do not inhibit minimal SU formation with short dsRNA. Molecular modeling based on the co-structure rationalizes these observations by showing that both Fab12 and Fab1068 prevent lateral clustering of SUs along the length of the dsRNA ligand. This model is further supported by cell-based assay results using dsRNA ligands of lengths that support single and multiple SUs. Thus, their antagonism of TLR3 signaling indicates that lateral clustering of SUs is required for TLR3 signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Luo
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087, USA
| | - Galina Obmolova
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087, USA
| | - Thomas J. Malia
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087, USA
| | - Sheng-Jiun Wu
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087, USA
| | - Karen E. Duffy
- Immunology Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087, USA
| | - James D. Marion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jessica K. Bell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Peng Ge
- Electron Imaging Center for Nanomachines (EICN), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Z. Hong Zhou
- Electron Imaging Center for Nanomachines (EICN), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexey Teplyakov
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087, USA
| | - Yonghong Zhao
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087, USA
| | - Roberta J. Lamb
- Immunology Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087, USA
| | - Jarrat L. Jordan
- Immunology Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087, USA
| | - Lani R. San Mateo
- Immunology Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087, USA
| | - Raymond W. Sweet
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087, USA
| | - Gary L. Gilliland
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087, USA
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Li K, Li NL, Wei D, Pfeffer SR, Fan M, Pfeffer LM. Activation of chemokine and inflammatory cytokine response in hepatitis C virus-infected hepatocytes depends on Toll-like receptor 3 sensing of hepatitis C virus double-stranded RNA intermediates. Hepatology 2012; 55:666-75. [PMID: 22030901 PMCID: PMC3272326 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chemokines and inflammatory cytokines are key regulators of immunity and inflammation during viral infections. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic RNA virus frequently associated with chronic liver inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Intrahepatic levels of chemokines and cytokines are elevated in chronic HCV infections, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We found that Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) senses HCV infection in cultured hepatoma cells, leading to nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and the production of numerous chemokines and inflammatory cytokines, such as regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, IP-10, and interleukin-6. The chemokine/cytokine induction occurred late in HCV infection and was abrogated when HCV was ultraviolet-inactivated before infection, indicating a dependence on the cellular recognition of HCV replication products. Gel-shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that NF-κB plays a pivotal role in HCV-induced chemokine/cytokine transcription. Mutations specifically disrupting the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding activity of TLR3 ablated the chemokine/cytokine response to HCV infection, indicating that HCV dsRNA was the pathogen-associated molecular pattern triggering TLR3 signaling. In vitro synthesized HCV dsRNAs, with a minimal length of ∼80-100 base pairs, activated TLR3-dependent chemokine expression, regardless of the genome position from which they derived. In contrast, HCV single-stranded RNAs, including those derived from the structured 3'nontranslated region highly potent for RIG-I activation, failed to do so. Moreover, robust production of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines was also observed in primary human hepatocytes after stimulation with extracellular poly-I:C, a TLR3 ligand. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that TLR3-mediated chemokine and inflammatory cytokine responses may play an important role in host immune responses to HCV and the pathogenesis of HCV-associated liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Nan L. Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Dahai Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Susan R. Pfeffer
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Meiyun Fan
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lawrence M. Pfeffer
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Uchida M, Oyanagi E, Kremenik MJ, Sasaki J, Yano H. Interferon-beta, but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha, production in response to poly I:C is maintained despite exhaustive exercise in mice. J Physiol Sci 2012; 62:59-62. [PMID: 21968540 PMCID: PMC10717593 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-011-0177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether immune response to viral infection is inhibited by severe exercise. We determined whether exhaustive exercise inhibits interferon (IFN)-β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production after injection of synthetic double-stranded (ds) RNAs, a polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C), as viral infection model. Male C3H/HeN mice, which were divided into exhaustive-exercised and non-exercised groups, were injected with poly I:C (5 mg/kg). Although TNF-α in response to poly I:C was significantly inhibited by exhaustive exercise, IFN-β was no different in both groups. In in-vitro experiments, catecholamines inhibited poly I:C-induced TNF-α, but not IFN-β, production in macrophages. These results suggest that anti-virus cytokine IFN-β in response to poly I:C might be maintained despite severe stressful exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Uchida
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School, Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Eri Oyanagi
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School, Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Michael J. Kremenik
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0193 Japan
| | - Junzo Sasaki
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School, Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Hiromi Yano
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0193 Japan
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Abstract
Viral proteins and nucleic acids stimulate TLRs to elicit production of cytokines, chemokines, and IFNs. Because of their immunostimulatory activity, several TLR agonists are being developed as vaccine adjuvants and cancer immunotherapeutics. However, TLR signaling is modified by disease state, which could enhance or impair therapeutic efficacy. For example, in the skin of psoriasis patients, the human cationic antimicrobial peptide LL37 is highly expressed and binds to host DNA. Association with LL37 enhances DNA uptake into intracellular compartments, where it stimulates TLR9-dependent overproduction of IFNs. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), an analog of viral dsRNA, is recognized by TLR3 and is currently in preclinical trials as an inducer of type I IFN. If LL37 similarly enhanced IFN production, use of poly(I:C) might be contraindicated in certain conditions where LL37 is elevated. In this study, we show that TLR3 signaling was not enhanced, but was dramatically inhibited, by LL37 or mouse cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide in macrophages, microglial cells, and dendritic cells. Inhibition correlated with formation of a strong complex between antimicrobial peptides and poly(I:C), which partially inhibited poly(I:C) binding to TLR3. Therefore, after injury or during existing acute or chronic inflammation, when LL37 levels are elevated, the therapeutic activity of poly(I:C) will be compromised. Our findings highlight the importance of using caution when therapeutically delivering nucleic acids as immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroof Hasan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Catarina Ruksznis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia Anne Leifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Audry M, Ciancanelli M, Yang K, Cobat A, Chang HH, Sancho-Shimizu V, Lorenzo L, Niehues T, Reichenbach J, Li XX, Israel A, Abel L, Casanova JL, Zhang SY, Jouanguy E, Puel A. NEMO is a key component of NF-κB- and IRF-3-dependent TLR3-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:610-7.e1-4. [PMID: 21722947 PMCID: PMC3164951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with germline mutations in Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), UNC93B1, TNF receptor-associated factor 3, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 are prone to herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis, owing to impaired TLR3-triggered, UNC-93B-dependent, IFN-α/β, and/or IFN-λ-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-dependent immunity. OBJECTIVE We explore here the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of herpes simplex encephalitis in a child with a hypomorphic mutation in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) essential modulator, which encodes the regulatory subunit of the inhibitor of the Iκβ kinase complex. METHODS The TLR3 signaling pathway was investigated in the patient's fibroblasts by analyses of IFN-β, IFN-λ, and IL-6 mRNA and protein levels, by quantitative PCR and ELISA, respectively, upon TLR3 stimulation (TLR3 agonists or TLR3-dependent viruses). NF-κB activation was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and interferon regulatory factor 3 dimerization on native gels after stimulation with a TLR3 agonist. RESULTS The patient's fibroblasts displayed impaired responses to TLR3 stimulation in terms of IFN-β, IFN-λ, and IL-6 production, owing to impaired activation of both NF-κB and IRF-3. Moreover, vesicular stomatitis virus, a potent IFN-inducer in human fibroblasts, and herpes simplex virus-1, induced only low levels of IFN-β and IFN-λ in the patient's fibroblasts, resulting in enhanced viral replication and cell death, as reported for UNC-93B-deficient fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Herpes simplex encephalitis may occur in patients carrying NF-κB essential modulator mutations, due to the impairment of NF-κB- and interferon regulatory factor 3-dependent-TLR3-mediated antiviral IFN production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Audry
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, Paris, 75015 France, EU
| | - Michael Ciancanelli
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, Paris, 75015 France, EU
| | - Kun Yang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, Paris, 75015 France, EU
- French-Chinese Laboratory of Genomics and Life Sciences, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Aurelie Cobat
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, Paris, 75015 France, EU
| | - Huey-Hsuan Chang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, Paris, 75015 France, EU
| | - Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, Paris, 75015 France, EU
| | - Lazaro Lorenzo
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, Paris, 75015 France, EU
| | - Tim Niehues
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Centre for Child Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf D-40225, Germany, EU
| | - Janine Reichenbach
- Division of Immunology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Alain Israel
- Molecular Signaling and Cellular Activation Unit, URA 2582 CNRS Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France, EU
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, Paris, 75015 France, EU
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, Paris, 75015 France, EU
- French-Chinese Laboratory of Genomics and Life Sciences, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France, EU
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, Paris, 75015 France, EU
- French-Chinese Laboratory of Genomics and Life Sciences, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, Paris, 75015 France, EU
- French-Chinese Laboratory of Genomics and Life Sciences, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Anne Puel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, Paris, 75015 France, EU
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Henriques ES, Brito RMM, Soares H, Ventura S, de Oliveira VL, Parkhouse RME. Modeling of the Toll-like receptor 3 and a putative Toll-like receptor 3 antagonist encoded by the African swine fever virus. Protein Sci 2011; 20:247-55. [PMID: 21280117 PMCID: PMC3048410 DOI: 10.1002/pro.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus responsible for a lethal pig disease, to which no vaccine has ever been obtained. Its genome encodes a number of proteins involved in virus survival and transmission in its hosts, in particular proteins that inhibit signaling pathways in infected macrophages and, thus, interfere with the host's innate immune response. A recently identified novel ASFV viral protein (pI329L) was found to inhibit the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling pathway, TLR3 being a crucial "danger detector." pI329L has been predicted to be a transmembrane protein containing extracellular putative leucine-rich repeats similar to TLR3, suggesting that pI329L might act as a TLR3 decoy. To explore this idea, we used comparative modeling and other structure prediction protocols to propose (a) a model for the TLR3-Toll-interleukin-1 receptor homodimer and (b) a structural fold for pI329L, detailed at atomistic level for its cytoplasmic domain. As this later domain shares only remote sequence relationships with the available TLR3 templates, a more complex modeling strategy was employed that combines the iterative implementation of (multi)threading/assembly/refinement (I-TASSER) structural prediction with expertise-guided posterior refinement. The final pI329L model presents a plausible fold, good structural quality, is consistent with the available experimental data, and it corroborates our hypothesis of pI329L being a TLR3 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa S Henriques
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal.
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50
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Majde JA, Kapás L, Bohnet SG, De A, Krueger JM. Attenuation of the influenza virus sickness behavior in mice deficient in Toll-like receptor 3. Brain Behav Immun 2010; 24:306-15. [PMID: 19861156 PMCID: PMC2818367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain sickness behaviors occur consistently in influenza-infected humans and mice. These include body temperature changes, somnolence, and anorexia. Several cytokines serve as mediators of the influenza acute phase response (APR), including these sickness behaviors, and one likely inducer of these cytokines is dsRNA produced during viral replication. TLR3 is known to be one of the host cellular components capable of recognizing dsRNA and activating cytokine synthesis. To determine the role of TLR3-detected viral dsRNA in the causation of viral symptoms, TLR3-deficient mice (TLR3 knockouts, or KOs) were infected with a marginally-lethal dose of mouse-adapted X-31 influenza virus. TLR3 KOs and their wild-type (WT) controls were monitored for baseline body temperature, locomotor activity, and sleep profiles prior to infection. Both mouse strains were then infected and monitored for changes in these sickness behaviors plus body weight changes and mortality for up to 14days post-infection. Consistent with the observations that influenza pathology is reduced in TLR3 KOs, we showed that hypothermia after post-infection day 5 and the total loss of body weight were attenuated in the TLR3 KOs. Sleep changes characteristic of this infection model [particularly increased non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS)] were also attenuated in TLR3 KOs and returned to baseline values more rapidly. Locomotor activity suppression was similar in both strains. Therefore virus-associated dsRNA detected by TLR3 appears to play a substantial role in mediating several aspects of the influenza syndrome in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine A. Majde
- Department of VCAPP, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6520
| | - Levente Kapás
- WWAMI Medical Education Program, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210-1495
| | - Stewart G. Bohnet
- Department of VCAPP, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6520
| | - Alok De
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - James M. Krueger
- Department of VCAPP, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6520
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