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Thomsen MM, Skouboe MK, Møhlenberg M, Zhao J, de Keukeleere K, Heinz JL, Werner M, Hollensen AK, Lønskov J, Nielsen I, Carter-Timofte ME, Zhang B, Mikkelsen JG, Fisker N, Paludan SR, Assing K, Mogensen TH. Impaired STING Activation Due to a Variant in the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase AMFR in a Patient with Severe VZV Infection and Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:56. [PMID: 38277122 PMCID: PMC10817851 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus exclusively infecting humans, causing two distinct pathologies: varicella (chickenpox) upon primary infection and herpes zoster (shingles) following reactivation. In susceptible individuals, VZV can give rise to more severe clinical manifestations, including disseminated infection, pneumonitis, encephalitis, and vasculopathy with stroke. Here, we describe a 3-year-old boy in whom varicella followed a complicated course with thrombocytopenia, hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions, pneumonitis, and intermittent encephalopathy. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was strongly suspected and as the condition deteriorated, HLH therapy was initiated. Although the clinical condition improved, longstanding hemophagocytosis followed despite therapy. We found that the patient carries a rare monoallelic variant in autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR), encoding a ubiquitin ligase involved in innate cytosolic DNA sensing and interferon (IFN) production through the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of IFN genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the patient exhibited impaired signaling downstream of STING in response dsDNA and 2'3'-cGAMP, agonists of cGAS and STING, respectively, and fibroblasts from the patient showed impaired type I IFN responses and significantly increased VZV replication. Overexpression of the variant AMFR R594C resulted in decreased K27-linked STING ubiquitination compared to WT AMFR. Moreover, ImageStream technology revealed reduced STING trafficking from ER to Golgi in cells expressing the patient AMFR R594C variant. This was supported by a dose-dependent dominant negative effect of expression of the patient AMFR variant as measured by IFN-β reporter gene assay. Finally, lentiviral transduction with WT AMFR partially reconstituted 2'3'-cGAMP-induced STING-mediated signaling and ISG expression in patient PBMCs. This work links defective AMFR-STING signaling to severe VZV disease and hyperinflammation and suggests a direct role for cGAS-STING in the control of viral infections in humans. In conclusion, we describe a novel genetic etiology of severe VZV disease in childhood, also representing the first inborn error of immunity related to a defect in the cGAS-STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Mølgaard Thomsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Kelder Skouboe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michelle Møhlenberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kerstin de Keukeleere
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johanna Laura Heinz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marvin Werner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Kruse Hollensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Lønskov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ian Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Baocun Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Fisker
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Assing
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Wu J, Tang R, Zhang X, Gao M, Guo L, Zhang L, Shi D, Zhang X, Shi H, Song H, Feng L, Chen J. IFITM3 restricts porcine deltacoronavirus infection by targeting its Spike protein. Vet Microbiol 2024; 288:109953. [PMID: 38118371 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of antiviral molecules is crucial for controlling porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). Previous studies have provided evidence that the IFN-inducible transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), which is coded by an interferon-stimulated gene, prevents the infections of a number of enveloped viruses. Nevertheless, the involvement of IFITM3 in PDCoV infection remains unexplored. In this study, it was observed that the overexpression of IFITM3 successfully restrictes the infection of PDCoV in cell cultures. Conversely, the suppression of IFITM3 facilitates the infection of PDCoV in IPI-2I and IPEC-J2 cells. Further studies revealed that IFITM3 limits the attachment phase of viral infection by interacting with the S1 subunit of the PDCoV Spike (S) protein. In addition, IFITM3 is verified as a member of the CD225 family, the GxxxG conserved motif of this family is important for it to limit PDCoV infection. In summary, this study reveals the mechanism of IFITM3 as an antiviral molecule to inhibit PDCoV infection, and also provides theoretical supports for screening effective anti-PDCoV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiao Wu
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Rongfeng Tang
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Mingzhe Gao
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Longjun Guo
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Liaoyuan Zhang
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Da Shi
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hongyan Shi
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hongying Song
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Li Feng
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
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Rohaim MA, Gardiner EL, El Naggar RF, Abdelsabour MA, Madbouly YM, Atasoy MO, Ahmed KA, El-Safty MM, Munir M. Avian sarcoma/leukosis virus (RCAS)-mediated over-expression of IFITM3 protects chicks from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105231. [PMID: 37777054 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Broad-spectrum antiviral activities of interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are primarily attributed to in vitro inhibition of viral entry. Here, we used an avian sarcoma-leukosis virus (RCAS)-based gene transfer system and successfully generated chicks that constitutively express chicken IFITM3 (chIFITM3). The chIFITM3-overexpressing chicks showed significant protection and disease tolerance against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 (Clade 2.2.1.2). The chicks, overexpressing chIFITM3, also showed delayed onset of clinical symptoms, reduced viral shedding, and alleviated histopathologic alterations compared to control and challenged chicks. These findings highlight that overexpression of chIFITM3 provide a substantial defense against zoonotic H5N1 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Rohaim
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK; Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Emma Louise Gardiner
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Rania F El Naggar
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK; Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Abdelsabour
- Department of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Cairo 11435, Egypt
| | - Yahia M Madbouly
- Department of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Cairo 11435, Egypt
| | - Mustafa O Atasoy
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbasia, Cairo, 11381, Egypt
| | - Munir M El-Safty
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK.
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Sarratea MB, Alberti AS, Redolfi DM, Truant SN, Iannantuono Lopez LV, Bivona AE, Mariuzza RA, Fernández MM, Malchiodi EL. Zika virus NS4B protein targets TANK-binding kinase 1 and inhibits type I interferon production. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130483. [PMID: 37802371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During viral infections, nucleic acid sensing by intracellular receptors can trigger type I interferon (IFN-I) production, key mediators in antiviral innate immunity. However, many flaviviruses use non-structural proteins to evade immune sensing favoring their survival. These mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Here, we studied the role of Zika virus (ZIKV) NS4B protein in the inhibition of IFN-I induction pathway and its biophysical interaction with host proteins. METHODS Using different cell-based assays, we studied the effect of ZIKV NS4B in the activation of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), NF-κB, cytokines secretion and the expression of interferon-stimulating genes (ISG). We also analyzed the in vitro interaction between recombinant ZIKV NS4B and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). RESULTS Transfection assays showed that ZIKV NS4B inhibits IRFs activation involved in different nucleic acid sensing cascades. Cells expressing NS4B secreted lower levels of IFN-β and IL-6. Furthermore, early induction of ISGs was also restricted by ZIKV NS4B. For the first time, we demonstrate by SPR assays that TBK1, a critical component in IFN-I production pathway, binds directly to ZIKV NS4B (KD of 3.7 × 10-6 M). In addition, we show that the N-terminal region of NS4B is directly involved in this interaction. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results strongly support that ZIKV NS4B affects nucleic acid sensing cascades and disrupts the TBK1/IRF3 axis, leading to an impairment of IFN-β production. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides the first biophysical data of the interaction between ZIKV NS4B and TBK1, and highlights the role of ZIKV NS4B in evading the early innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Sarratea
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Andrés Sánchez Alberti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología-IMPAM (UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela M Redolfi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Noli Truant
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura V Iannantuono Lopez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto E Bivona
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología-IMPAM (UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roy A Mariuzza
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Marisa M Fernández
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Emilio L Malchiodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología-IMPAM (UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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5
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Lim CK, Romeo O, Tran BM, Flanagan DJ, Kirby EN, McCartney EM, Tse E, Vincan E, Beard MR. Assessment of hepatitis B virus infection and interhost cellular responses using intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29232. [PMID: 38009279 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs) model was evaluated for host differences in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, cellular responses, antiviral and immunomodulator responses. Twelve ICOs generated from liver resections and biopsies were assessed for metabolic markers and functional HBV entry receptor expression throughout differentiation. Structural changes relevant to HBV infection were characterized using histology, confocal, and electron microscopy examinations. Optimal ICO culture conditions for HBV infection using HepAD38 (genotype D) and plasma-derived HBV (genotype B and C) were described. HBV infection was confirmed using HBcAg immunostaining, qRT-PCR (RNA, covalently closed circular DNA [cccDNA], extracellular DNA) and ELISA (HBsAg and HBeAg). Drug response to antiviral and immunosuppressive agent, and cellular responses (interferon-stimulated genes [ISG]) to interferon-α and viral mimic (PolyI:C) were assessed. ICOs underwent metabolic and structural remodeling following differentiation. Optimal HBV infection was achieved in well-differentiated ICOs using spinoculation, with time and donor-dependent increase in HBV RNA, cccDNA, extracellular DNA, HBeAg and HBsAg. Donor-dependent drug responsiveness to entry inhibitor and JAK inhibitor was observed. Despite having a robust ISG response to interferon-α and PolyI:C, HBV infection in ICOs did not upregulate ISGs. Human ICOs support HBV infection and replication with donor-dependent variation in viral dynamics and cellular responses. These features can be utilized for the development of personalized drug testing platform for antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan K Lim
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ornella Romeo
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bang M Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dustin J Flanagan
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily N Kirby
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Erin M McCartney
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edmund Tse
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Vincan
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael R Beard
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Vo NTK, Leis E, DeWitte-Orr SJ. Hypersensitive response to interferon-stimulated gene ( ISG)-inducing double-stranded RNA in American bullfrog tadpole fibroblasts. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 148:104918. [PMID: 37591363 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
American bullfrogs are thought to be carriers of ranaviruses and contribute to their global spread via trade. Bullfrog tadpoles succumb to ranaviral infection's more severe and deadly effects than bullfrog adults. Presently, little is known about bullfrog tadpoles' innate antiviral immunity, possible due to the lack of available bullfrog tadpole cell lines. In this study, we describe a novel bullfrog tadpole fibroblast cell line named BullTad-leg. Its general cellular attributes, gene expression and function of class-A scavenger receptors (SR-As), and responses to poly IC (a synthetic dsRNA mimicking viral dsRNAs and a potent inducer of the interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses) are investigated. Its abundant expression of vimentin corroborated with the cells' fibroblast morphology. BullTad-leg cells expressed transcripts of four SR-A members: SR-AI, SCARA3, SCARA4, and SCARA5, but transcripts of MARCO, the fifth SR-A member, were not detected. BullTad-leg cells expressed functional SR-As and could bind AcLDL. BullTad-leg cells exhibited cytotoxicity in response to poly IC treatment via SR-As. Additionally, very low doses of poly IC were able to induce dose-dependent expressions of ISGs including Mx, PKR, ISG20, and IFI35. This research sheds new light on the innate immune response, particularly SR-A biology and dsRNA responsiveness, in bullfrog tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Health Studies, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Brantford, ON, Canada.
| | - Eric Leis
- La Crosse Fish Health Center-Midwest Fisheries Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, WI, USA
| | - Stephanie J DeWitte-Orr
- Departments of Health Sciences and Biology, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Gao Z, He X, Chen G, Fang Y, Meng Z, Tian H, Zhang H, Jing Z. The Viral Protein Poly(A) Polymerase Catalytic Subunit Interacts with Guanylate-Binding Proteins 2 to Antagonize the Antiviral Ability of Targeting Ectromelia Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15750. [PMID: 37958732 PMCID: PMC10648259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent spread of the monkeypox virus among humans has heightened concerns regarding orthopoxvirus infections. Consequently, conducting a comprehensive study on the immunobiology of the monkeypox virus is imperative for the development of effective therapeutics. Ectromelia virus (ECTV) closely resembles the genetic and disease characteristics of monkeypox virus, making it a valuable research tool for studying orthopoxvirus-host interactions. Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), highly expressed interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), have antagonistic effects against various intracellular pathogenic microorganisms. Our previous research has shown that GBP2 has a mild but statistically significant inhibitory effect on ECTV infection. The presence of a significant number of molecules in the poxvirus genome that encode the host immune response raises questions about whether it also includes proteins that counteract the antiviral activity of GBP2. Using IP/MS and co-IP technology, we discovered that the poly(A) polymerase catalytic subunit (PAPL) protein of ECTV is a viral regulatory molecule that interacts with GBP2. Further studies have shown that PAPL antagonizes the antiviral activity of GBP2 by reducing its protein levels. Knocking out the PAPL gene of ECTV with the CRISPR/Cas9 system significantly diminishes the replication ability of the virus, indicating the indispensable role of PAPL in the replication process of ECTV. In conclusion, our study presents preliminary evidence supporting the significance of PAPL as a virulence factor that can interact with GBP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.G.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (Y.F.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xiaobing He
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.G.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (Y.F.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Guohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.G.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (Y.F.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.G.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (Y.F.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zejing Meng
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Huihui Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.G.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (Y.F.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.G.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (Y.F.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zhizhong Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.G.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (Y.F.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
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Zhang Y, Xu L, Zhang Z, Su X, Wang Z, Wang T. Enterovirus D68 infection upregulates SOCS3 expression to inhibit JAK-STAT3 signaling and antagonize the innate interferon response of the host. Virol Sin 2023; 38:755-766. [PMID: 37657555 PMCID: PMC10590701 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) can cause respiratory diseases and acute flaccid paralysis, posing a great threat to public health. Interferons are cytokines secreted by host cells that have broad-spectrum antiviral effects, inducing the expression of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). EV-D68 activates ISG expression early in infection, but at a later stage, the virus suppresses ISG expression, a strategy evolved by EV-D68 to antagonize interferons. Here, we explore a host protein, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), is upregulated during EV-D68 infection and antagonizes the antiviral effects of type I interferon. We subsequently demonstrate that the structural protein of EV-D68 upregulated the expression of RFX7, a transcriptional regulator of SOCS3, leading to the upregulation of SOCS3 expression. Further exploration revealed that SOCS3 plays its role by inhibiting the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The expression of SOCS3 inhibited the expression of ISG, thereby inhibiting the antiviral effect of type I interferon and promoting EV-D68 transcription, protein production, and viral titer. Notably, a truncated SOCS3, generated by deleting the kinase inhibitory region (KIR) domain, failed to promote replication and translation of EV-D68. Based on the above studies, we designed a short peptide named SOCS3 inhibitor, which can specifically bind and inhibit the KIR structural domain of SOCS3, significantly reducing the RNA and protein levels of EV-D68. In summary, our results demonstrated a novel mechanism by which EV-D68 inhibits ISG transcription and antagonizes the antiviral responses of host type I interferon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Leling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xin Su
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Institute of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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9
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Qin G, Yu X, Zhao Y, Li X, Yu B, Peng H, Yang D. NLRP9 involved in antiviral innate immunity via binding VIM in IPEC-J2 cells. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 147:104895. [PMID: 37473827 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors with a pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 9 (NLRP9) was the first nucleotide-binding region receptor (NLR) proposed to be expressed and function only in the reproductive system. Recent evidence suggests that NLRP9 is also capable of playing a role in infectious and inflammatory diseases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In this study, we examined the expression of NLRP9 in various tissues of piglets and IPEC-J2 cells. The results showed that high expression of NLRP9 mRNA and protein were detected in both intestine of piglets and IPEC-J2 cells. Both LPS and poly I:C significantly up-regulated NLRP9 protein levels in the IPEC-J2 cells. Besides, poly I:C upregulated the level of transcriptional elements NF-κB, IRF3, IRF7, ISG15, ISG56, OAS1, and IFNB1. Furthermore, interference with the NLRP9 gene in the presence of poly I:C strongly downregulated the expression of all the above genes. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that NLRP9 acts in combination with VIM (Vimentin). These results suggested that NLRP9 may participate in the antiviral innate immune by binding to VIM in the porcine intestine. The findings provide preliminary insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of mucosal immunity in the porcine intestine by NLRP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Qin
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou, 570228, PR China; College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Xiang Yu
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Yuanjie Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Beibei Yu
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Hui Peng
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Diqi Yang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
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10
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Lim CK, Tran BM, Flanagan D, McCartney E, Tse E, Vincan E. Assessment of HBV infection and inter-host cellular responses using intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28975. [PMID: 37503549 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs) model was evaluated for host differences in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, cellular responses, antiviral, and immunomodulator responses. Twelve ICOs generated from liver resections and biopsies were assessed for metabolic markers and functional HBV entry receptor expression throughout differentiation. Structural changes relevant to HBV infection were characterized using histology, confocal, and electron microscopy examinations. Optimal ICO culture conditions for HBV infection using HepAD38 (genotype D) and plasma derived HBV (genotype B & C) were described. HBV infection was confirmed using HBcAg immunostaining, qRT-PCR (RNA, cccDNA, extracellular DNA), and ELISA (HBsAg and HBeAg). Drug response to antiviral and immunosuppressive agent, and cellular responses (interferon-stimulated genes [ISG]) to interferon-α and viral mimic (PolyI:C) were assessed. ICOs underwent metabolic and structural remodeling following differentiation. Optimal HBV infection was achieved in well-differentiated ICOs using spinoculation, with time and donor dependent increase in HBV RNA, cccDNA, extracellular DNA, HBeAg, and HBsAg. Donor dependent drug-responsiveness to entry inhibitor and JAK inhibitor was observed. Despite having a robust ISG response to interferon-α and PolyI:C, HBV infection in ICOs did not upregulate ISGs. Human ICOs support HBV infection and replication with donor dependent variation in viral dynamics and cellular responses. These features can be utilized for development of personalized drug testing platform for antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Kok Lim
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bang Manh Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dustin Flanagan
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Erin McCartney
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Edmund Tse
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Vincan
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Guo X, Liu S, Sheng Y, Zenati M, Billiar T, Herbert A, Wang Q. ADAR1 Zα domain P195A mutation activates the MDA5-dependent RNA-sensing signaling pathway in brain without decreasing overall RNA editing. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112733. [PMID: 37421629 PMCID: PMC10691306 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), in which severe inflammation occurs in the brain due to innate immune activation. Here, we analyze the RNA-editing status and innate immune activation in an AGS mouse model that carries the Adar P195A mutation in the N terminus of the ADAR1 p150 isoform, the equivalent of the P193A human Zα variant causal for disease. This mutation alone can cause interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in the brain, especially in the periventricular areas, reflecting the pathologic feature of AGS. However, in these mice, ISG expression does not correlate with an overall decrease in RNA editing. Rather, the enhanced ISG expression in the brain due to the P195A mutant is dose dependent. Our findings indicate that ADAR1 can regulate innate immune responses through Z-RNA binding without changing overall RNA editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yi Sheng
- Magee-Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mazen Zenati
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Timothy Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA.
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12
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Dohnalkova M, Krasnykov K, Mendel M, Li L, Panasenko O, Fleury-Olela F, Vågbø CB, Homolka D, Pillai RS. Essential roles of RNA cap-proximal ribose methylation in mammalian embryonic development and fertility. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112786. [PMID: 37436893 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic RNA pol II transcripts are capped at the 5' end by the methylated guanosine (m7G) moiety. In higher eukaryotes, CMTR1 and CMTR2 catalyze cap-proximal ribose methylations on the first (cap1) and second (cap2) nucleotides, respectively. These modifications mark RNAs as "self," blocking the activation of the innate immune response pathway. Here, we show that loss of mouse Cmtr1 or Cmtr2 leads to embryonic lethality, with non-overlapping sets of transcripts being misregulated, but without activation of the interferon pathway. In contrast, Cmtr1 mutant adult mouse livers exhibit chronic activation of the interferon pathway, with multiple interferon-stimulated genes being expressed. Conditional deletion of Cmtr1 in the germline leads to infertility, while global translation is unaffected in the Cmtr1 mutant mouse liver and human cells. Thus, mammalian cap1 and cap2 modifications have essential roles in gene regulation beyond their role in helping cellular transcripts to evade the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Dohnalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Kyrylo Krasnykov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Mateusz Mendel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Lingyun Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Olesya Panasenko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Fleury-Olela
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Cathrine Broberg Vågbø
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core (PROMEC), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and St. Olavs Hospital Central Staff, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David Homolka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Ramesh S Pillai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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13
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He H, Wang W, Li L, Zhang X, Shi H, Chen J, Shi D, Xue M, Feng L. Activation of the NLRP1 Inflammasome and Its Role in Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus Infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0058923. [PMID: 37255428 PMCID: PMC10308917 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00589-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome pathway is a critical early response mechanism of the host that detects pathogens, initiates the production of inflammatory cytokines, and recruits effector cells to the infection site. Nonetheless, the mechanism of inflammasome activation in coronavirus infection and its biological functions in host defense remain unclear. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus, is a significant pathogen that mainly infects piglets and causes intestinal inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Here, we investigated the mechanism of inflammasome activation in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) infected with TGEV. We observed a substantial increase in interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 levels in both IECs and TGEV-infected porcine intestinal tissues. Furthermore, TGEV infection resulted in increased activation of caspase-1 and the NLRP1 (NOD-like receptor [NLR]-containing pyrin domain [PYD]) inflammasome. Our findings revealed that TGEV infection impeded the interaction between porcine NLRP1 (pNLRP1) and porcine dipeptidyl peptidases 9 (pDPP9), yet it did not reduce the expression of pDPP9. Importantly, the ZU5 domain, not the function-to-find domain (FIIND) reported in human NLRP1, was identified as the minimal domain of pNLRP1 for pDPP9 binding. In addition, the robust type I IFN expression induced by TGEV infection also upregulated pNLRP1 expression and pNLRP1 itself acts as an interferon-stimulated gene to counteract TGEV infection. Our data demonstrate that pNLRP1 has antiviral capabilities against coronavirus infection, which highlights its potential as a novel therapeutic target for coronavirus antiviral therapy. IMPORTANCE Coronavirus primarily targets the epithelial cells of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, leading to damage in both humans and animals. NLRP1 is a direct sensor for RNA virus infection which is highly expressed in epithelial barrier tissues. However, until recently, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its activation in coronavirus infection and subsequent downstream events remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the alphacoronavirus TGEV induces the production of IL-1β and IL-18 and upregulates the expression of pNLRP1. Furthermore, we found that pNLRP1 can serve as an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) to inhibit the infection of enterovirus TGEV. Our research highlights the crucial role of NLRP1 as a regulator of innate immunity in TGEV infection and shows that it may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie He
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Da Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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14
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Malarmathi M, Murali N, Selvaraju M, Sivakumar K, Gowthaman V, Raghavendran VB, Raja A, Peters SO, Thiruvenkadan AK. In Vitro Characterization of chIFITMs of Aseel and Kadaknath Chicken Breeds against Newcastle Disease Virus Infection. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:919. [PMID: 37508350 PMCID: PMC10376314 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is highly contagious and usually causes severe illness that affects Aves all over the world, including domestic poultry. Depending on the virus's virulence, it can impact the nervous, respiratory, and digestive systems and cause up to 100% mortality. The chIFITM genes are activated in response to viral infection. The current study was conducted to quantify the mRNA of chIFITM genes in vitro in response to ND viral infection. It also examined its ability to inhibit ND virus replication in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells of the Aseel and Kadaknath breeds. Results from the study showed that the expression of all chIFITM genes was significantly upregulated throughout the period in the infected CEF cells of both breeds compared to uninfected CEF cells. In CEF cells of the Kadaknath breed, elevated levels of expression of the chIFITM3 gene dramatically reduced ND viral growth, and the viral load was 60% lower than in CEF cells of the Aseel breed. The expression level of the chIFITMs in Kadaknath ranged from 2.39 to 11.68 log2 folds higher than that of control CEFs and was consistently (p < 0.01) higher than Aseel CEFs. Similar to this, theIFN-γ gene expresses strongly quickly and peaks at 13.9 log2 fold at 48 hpi. Based on these cellular experiments, the Kadaknath breed exhibits the potential for greater disease tolerance than Aseel. However, to gain a comprehensive understanding of disease resistance mechanisms in chickens, further research involving in vivo investigations is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Malarmathi
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal 637 002, India
| | - Nagarajan Murali
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal 637 002, India
| | - Mani Selvaraju
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal 637 002, India
| | - Karuppusamy Sivakumar
- Faculty of Food and Agriculture, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine 999183, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Vasudevan Gowthaman
- Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal 637 002, India
| | | | - Angamuthu Raja
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal 637 002, India
| | - Sunday O Peters
- Department of Animal Science, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA 30149, USA
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15
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Shen J, Wang Z, Liu M, Zhu YJ, Zheng L, Wang LL, Cheng JL, Liu TT, Zhang GD, Yang TY, Wang X, Zhang L. LincRNA-ROR/miR-145/ZEB2 regulates liver fibrosis by modulating HERC5-mediated p53 ISGylation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22936. [PMID: 37144417 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201182rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. HERC5-mediated posttranslational ISG modification of the p53 protein is critical for controlling its activity. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of HERC5 and ISG15 is highly elevated, whereas p53 is downregulated, in fibrotic liver tissues of mice and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced LX2 cells. HERC5 siRNA clearly increased the protein expression of p53, but the mRNA expression of p53 was not obviously changed. The inhibition of lincRNA-ROR (ROR) downregulated HERC5 expression and elevated p53 expression in TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells. Furthermore, the expression of p53 was almost unchanged after TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells were co-transfected with a ROR-expressing plasmid and HERC5 siRNA. We further confirmed that miR-145 is a target gene of ROR. In addition, we also showed that ROR regulates the HERC5-mediated ISGylation of p53 through mir-145/ZEB2. Together, we propose that ROR/miR-145/ZEB2 might be involved in the course of liver fibrosis by regulating ISGylation of the p53 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jie-Ling Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Tong-Tong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Tian-Yu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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16
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Wang H, Peng W, Wang J, Zhang C, Zhao W, Ran Y, Yang X, Chen J, Li H. Human Cytomegalovirus UL23 Antagonizes the Antiviral Effect of Interferon-γ by Restraining the Expression of Specific IFN-Stimulated Genes. Viruses 2023; 15:v15041014. [PMID: 37112994 PMCID: PMC10145438 DOI: 10.3390/v15041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a critical component of innate immune responses in humans to combat infection by many viruses, including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). IFN-γ exerts its biological effects by inducing hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). In this study, RNA-seq analyses revealed that HCMV tegument protein UL23 could regulate the expression of many ISGs under IFN-γ treatment or HCMV infection. We further confirmed that among these IFN-γ stimulated genes, individual APOL1 (Apolipoprotein-L1), CMPK2 (Cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2), and LGALS9 (Galectin-9) could inhibit HCMV replication. Moreover, these three proteins exhibited a synergistic effect on HCMV replication. UL23-deficient HCMV mutants induced higher expression of APOL1, CMPK2, and LGALS9, and exhibited lower viral titers in IFN-γ treated cells compared with parental viruses expressing full functional UL23. Thus, UL23 appears to resist the antiviral effect of IFN-γ by downregulating the expression of APOL1, CMPK2, and LGALS9. This study highlights the roles of HCMV UL23 in facilitating viral immune escape from IFN-γ responses by specifically downregulating these ISGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hankun Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weijian Peng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wangchun Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanhong Ran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongjian Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510632, China
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17
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Garau J, Charras A, Varesio C, Orcesi S, Dragoni F, Galli J, Fazzi E, Gagliardi S, Pansarasa O, Cereda C, Hedrich CM. Altered DNA methylation and gene expression predict disease severity in patients with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Clin Immunol 2023; 249:109299. [PMID: 36963449 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS) is a rare neuro-inflammatory disease characterized by increased expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Disease-causing mutations are present in genes associated with innate antiviral responses. Disease presentation and severity vary, even between patients with identical mutations from the same family. This study investigated DNA methylation signatures in PBMCs to understand phenotypic heterogeneity in AGS patients with mutations in RNASEH2B. AGS patients presented hypomethylation of ISGs and differential methylation patterns (DMPs) in genes involved in "neutrophil and platelet activation". Patients with "mild" phenotypes exhibited DMPs in genes involved in "DNA damage and repair", whereas patients with "severe" phenotypes had DMPs in "cell fate commitment" and "organ development" associated genes. DMPs in two ISGs (IFI44L, RSAD2) associated with increased gene expression in patients with "severe" when compared to "mild" phenotypes. In conclusion, altered DNA methylation and ISG expression as biomarkers and potential future treatment targets in AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Garau
- Neurogenetics Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amandine Charras
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Costanza Varesio
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Dragoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jessica Galli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Fazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Cellular Model and Neuroepigenetics, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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Xie T, Feng M, Zhang X, Li X, Mo G, Shi M, Zhang X. Chicken CH25H inhibits ALV-J replication by promoting cellular autophagy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1093289. [PMID: 36875122 PMCID: PMC9975585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1093289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in host antiviral defense. The avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) has been shown to inhibit autophagy while promoting viral replication. The underlying autophagic mechanisms, however, are unknown. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) is a conserved interferon-stimulated gene, which converts cholesterol to a soluble antiviral factor, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). In this study, we further investigated the autophagic mechanism of CH25H resistance to ALV-J in chicken embryonic fibroblast cell lines (DF1). Our results found that overexpression of CH25H and treatment with 25HC promoted the autophagic markers microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3II) and autophagy-related gene 5(ATG5), while decreased autophagy substrate p62/SQSTM1 (p62) expression in ALV-J infection DF-1 cells. Induction of cellular autophagy also reduces the levels of ALV-J gp85 and p27. ALV-J infection, on the other hand, suppresses autophagic marker protein LC3II expression. These findings suggest that CH25H-induced autophagy is a host defense mechanism that aids in ALV-J replication inhibition. In particular, CH25H interacts with CHMP4B and inhibits ALV-J infection in DF-1 cells by promoting autophagy, revealing a novel mechanism by which CH25H inhibits ALV-J infection. Although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood, CH25H and 25HC are the first to show inhibiting ALV-J infection via autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guodong Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Bergeron HC, Kauvar LM, Tripp RA. Anti-G protein antibodies targeting the RSV G protein CX3C chemokine region improve the interferon response. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2023; 10:20499361231161157. [PMID: 36938145 PMCID: PMC10017941 DOI: 10.1177/20499361231161157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a poor inducer of antiviral interferon (IFN) responses which result in incomplete immunity and RSV disease. Several RSV proteins alter antiviral responses, including the non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2) and the major viral surface proteins, that is, fusion (F) and attachment (G) proteins. The G protein modifies the host immune response to infection linked in part through a CX3 C chemokine motif. Anti-G protein monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), that is, clones 3D3 and 2D10 that target the G protein CX3C chemokine motif can neutralize RSV and inhibit G protein-CX3CR1 mediated chemotaxis. Objectives Determine how monoclonal antibodies against the RSV F and G proteins modify the type I and III IFN responses to RSV infection. Design As the G protein CX3 C motif is implicated in IFN antagonism, we evaluated two mAbs that block G protein CX3C-CX3CR1 interaction and compared responses to isotype mAb control using a functional cellular assay and mouse model. Methods Mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-15 cells) and BALB/c mice were infected with RSV Line19 F following prophylactic mAb treatment. Cell supernatant or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were assayed for types I and III IFNs. Cells were interrogated for changes in IFN-related gene expression. Results Treatment with an anti-G protein mAb (3D3) resulted in improved IFN responses compared with isotype control following infection with RSV, partially independently of neutralization, and this was linked to upregulated SOCS1 expression. Conclusions These findings show that anti-G protein antibodies improve the protective early antiviral response, which has important implications for vaccine and therapeutic design. Plain Language Summary RSV is a leading cause of respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. The only Food and Drug Administration-approved prophylactic treatment is limited to an anti-F protein monoclonal antibody (mAb), that is, palivizumab which has modest efficacy against RSV disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that targeting the RSV attachment (G) protein may provide improved protection from RSV disease. It is known that the G protein is an IFN antagonist, and IFN has been shown to be protective against RSV disease. In this study, we compared IFN responses in mouse lung epithelial (MLE-15) cells and in mice infected with RSV Line19 F treated with anti-G protein or anti-F protein mAbs. The levels of type I and III IFNs were determined. Anti-G protein mAbs improved the levels of IFNs compared with isotype-treated controls. These findings support the concept that anti-G protein mAbs mediate improved IFN responses against RSV disease, which may enable improved treatment of RSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison C. Bergeron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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20
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Qiao X, Li Y, Jin Y, Wang S, Hou L, Wang L, Song L. The involvement of an interferon-induced protein 44-like (CgIFI44L) in the antiviral immune response of Crassostrea gigas. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 129:96-105. [PMID: 36055558 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) encoding proteins are the essential executors of interferon (IFN) mediated antiviral defense. In the present study, an ISG member, interferon-induced protein 44-like (IFI44L) gene (designed as CgIFI44L-1) was identified from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The ORF of CgIFI44L-1 cDNA was of 1437 bp encoding a polypeptide of 479 amino acids with a TLDc domain and an MMR_HSR1 domain. The mRNA transcripts of CgIFI44L-1 were detected in all the tested tissues with highest level in haemocytes, which was 15.78-fold of that in gonad (p < 0.001). Among the haemocytes, the CgIFI44L-1 protein was detected to be highly expressed in granulocytes with dominant distribution in cytoplasm. The mRNA expression level of CgIFI44L-1 in haemocytes was significantly induced by poly (I:C) stimulation, and the expression level peaked at 24 h, which was 24.24-fold (p < 0.0001) of that in control group. After the treatment with the recombinant protein of an oyster IFN-like protein (rCgIFNLP), the mRNA expression level of CgIFI44L-1 was significantly enhanced at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, which was 2.67-fold (p < 0.001), 5.44-fold (p < 0.001) and 5.16-fold (p < 0.001) of that in control group, respectively. When the expressions of CgSTAT and CgIFNLP were knocked down by RNA interference (RNAi), the mRNA transcripts of CgIFI44L-1 were significantly down-regulated after poly (I:C) stimulation, which was 0.09-fold (p < 0.001) and 0.06-fold (p < 0.001) of those in EGFP group, respectively. These results suggested that CgIFI44L-1 was a conserved ISG in oyster, which was regulated by CgIFNLP and CgSTAT, and involved in the oyster antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Youjing Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuhao Jin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Sicong Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lilin Hou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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21
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Han Y, Bai X, Liu S, Zhu J, Zhang F, Xie L, Liu G, Jiang X, Zhang M, Huang Y, Wang J, Li D, Zhang H, He Y, He S, Xia Y, Xu X, Xu F, Ma F. XAF1 Protects Host against Emerging RNA Viruses by Stabilizing IRF1-Dependent Antiviral Immunity. J Virol 2022;:e0077422. [PMID: 35972291 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00774-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is an interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) that enhances IFN-induced apoptosis. However, it is unexplored whether XAF1 is essential for the host fighting against invaded viruses. Here, we find that XAF1 is significantly upregulated in the host cells infected with emerging RNA viruses, including influenza, Zika virus (ZIKV), and SARS-CoV-2. IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), a key transcription factor in immune cells, determines the induction of XAF1 during antiviral immunity. Ectopic expression of XAF1 protects host cells against various RNA viruses independent of apoptosis. Knockout of XAF1 attenuates host antiviral innate immunity in vitro and in vivo, which leads to more severe lung injuries and higher mortality in the influenza infection mouse model. XAF1 stabilizes IRF1 protein by antagonizing the CHIP-mediated degradation of IRF1, thus inducing more antiviral IRF1 target genes, including DDX58, DDX60, MX1, and OAS2. Our study has described a protective role of XAF1 in the host antiviral innate immunity against RNA viruses. We have also elucidated the molecular mechanism that IRF1 and XAF1 form a positive feedback loop to induce rapid and robust antiviral immunity. IMPORTANCE Rapid and robust induction of antiviral genes is essential for the host to clear the invaded viruses. In addition to the IRF3/7-IFN-I-STAT1 signaling axis, the XAF1-IRF1 positive feedback loop synergistically or independently drives the transcription of antiviral genes. Moreover, XAF1 is a sensitive and reliable gene that positively correlates with the viral infection, suggesting that XAF1 is a potential diagnostic marker for viral infectious diseases. In addition to the antitumor role, our study has shown that XAF1 is essential for antiviral immunity. XAF1 is not only a proapoptotic ISG, but it also stabilizes the master transcription factor IRF1 to induce antiviral genes. IRF1 directly binds to the IRF-Es of its target gene promoters and drives their transcriptions, which suggests a unique role of the XAF1-IRF1 loop in antiviral innate immunity, particularly in the host defect of IFN-I signaling such as invertebrates.
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22
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Bamford CGG, Aranday-Cortes E, Sanchez-Velazquez R, Mullan C, Kohl A, Patel AH, Wilson SJ, McLauchlan J. A Human and Rhesus Macaque Interferon-Stimulated Gene Screen Shows That Over-Expression of ARHGEF3/XPLN Inhibits Replication of Hepatitis C Virus and Other Flavivirids. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081655. [PMID: 36016278 PMCID: PMC9414520 DOI: 10.3390/v14081655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is restricted to humans, whereas other primates such as rhesus macaques are non-permissive for infection. To identify human and rhesus macaque genes that differ or share the ability to inhibit HCV replication, we conducted a medium-throughput screen of lentivirus-expressed host genes that disrupt replication of HCV subgenomic replicon RNA expressing secreted Gaussia luciferase. A combined total of >800 interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were screened. Our findings confirmed established anti-HCV ISGs, such as IRF1, PKR and DDX60. Novel species−specific inhibitors were also identified and independently validated. Using a cell-based system that recapitulates productive HCV infection, we identified that over-expression of the ‘Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 3’ gene (ARHGEF3) from both species inhibits full-length virus replication. Additionally, replication of two mosquito-borne flaviviruses, yellow fever virus (YFV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), were also reduced in cell lines over-expressing ARHGEF3 compared to controls. In conclusion, we ascribe novel antiviral activity to the cellular gene ARHGEF3 that inhibits replication of HCV and other important human viral pathogens belonging to the Flaviviridae, and which is conserved between humans and rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor G. G. Bamford
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Elihu Aranday-Cortes
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
| | - Ricardo Sanchez-Velazquez
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
- BioNTech SE, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Catrina Mullan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
| | - Alain Kohl
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
| | - Arvind H. Patel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
| | - Sam J. Wilson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
| | - John McLauchlan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Luptak J, Mallery DL, Jahun AS, Albecka A, Clift D, Ather O, Slodkowicz G, Goodfellow I, James LC. TRIM7 Restricts Coxsackievirus and Norovirus Infection by Detecting the C-Terminal Glutamine Generated by 3C Protease Processing. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081610. [PMID: 35893676 PMCID: PMC9394474 DOI: 10.3390/v14081610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM7 catalyzes the ubiquitination of multiple substrates with unrelated biological functions. This cross-reactivity is at odds with the specificity usually displayed by enzymes, including ubiquitin ligases. Here we show that TRIM7's extreme substrate promiscuity is due to a highly unusual binding mechanism, in which the PRYSPRY domain captures any ligand with a C-terminal helix that terminates in a hydrophobic residue followed by a glutamine. Many of the non-structural proteins found in RNA viruses contain C-terminal glutamines as a result of polyprotein cleavage by 3C protease. This viral processing strategy generates novel substrates for TRIM7 and explains its ability to inhibit Coxsackie virus and norovirus replication. In addition to viral proteins, cellular proteins such as glycogenin have evolved C-termini that make them a TRIM7 substrate. The 'helix-ΦQ' degron motif recognized by TRIM7 is reminiscent of the N-end degron system and is found in ~1% of cellular proteins. These features, together with TRIM7's restricted tissue expression and lack of immune regulation, suggest that viral restriction may not be its physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Luptak
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; (J.L.); (D.L.M.); (A.A.); (D.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Donna L. Mallery
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; (J.L.); (D.L.M.); (A.A.); (D.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Aminu S. Jahun
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.S.J.); (I.G.)
| | - Anna Albecka
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; (J.L.); (D.L.M.); (A.A.); (D.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Dean Clift
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; (J.L.); (D.L.M.); (A.A.); (D.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Osaid Ather
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; (J.L.); (D.L.M.); (A.A.); (D.C.); (O.A.)
| | | | - Ian Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.S.J.); (I.G.)
| | - Leo C. James
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; (J.L.); (D.L.M.); (A.A.); (D.C.); (O.A.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Alphonse N, Wanford JJ, Voak AA, Gay J, Venkhaya S, Burroughs O, Mathew S, Lee T, Evans SL, Zhao W, Frowde K, Alrehaili A, Dickenson RE, Munk M, Panina S, Mahmood IF, Llorian M, Stanifer ML, Boulant S, Berchtold MW, Bergeron JRC, Wack A, Lesser CF, Odendall C. A family of conserved bacterial virulence factors dampens interferon responses by blocking calcium signaling. Cell 2022; 185:2354-2369.e17. [PMID: 35568036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) induce an antimicrobial state, protecting tissues from infection. Many viruses inhibit IFN signaling, but whether bacterial pathogens evade IFN responses remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the Shigella OspC family of type-III-secreted effectors blocks IFN signaling independently of its cell death inhibitory activity. Rather, IFN inhibition was mediated by the binding of OspC1 and OspC3 to the Ca2+ sensor calmodulin (CaM), blocking CaM kinase II and downstream JAK/STAT signaling. The growth of Shigella lacking OspC1 and OspC3 was attenuated in epithelial cells and in a murine model of infection. This phenotype was rescued in both models by the depletion of IFN receptors. OspC homologs conserved in additional pathogens not only bound CaM but also inhibited IFN, suggesting a widespread virulence strategy. These findings reveal a conserved but previously undescribed molecular mechanism of IFN inhibition and demonstrate the critical role of Ca2+ and IFN targeting in bacterial pathogenesis.
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25
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Rodriguez W, Muller M. Shiftless, a Critical Piece of the Innate Immune Response to Viral Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061338. [PMID: 35746809 PMCID: PMC9230503 DOI: 10.3390/v14061338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its initial characterization in 2016, the interferon stimulated gene Shiftless (SHFL) has proven to be a critical piece of the innate immune response to viral infection. SHFL expression stringently restricts the replication of multiple DNA, RNA, and retroviruses with an extraordinary diversity of mechanisms that differ from one virus to the next. These inhibitory strategies include the negative regulation of viral RNA stability, translation, and even the manipulation of RNA granule formation during viral infection. Even more surprisingly, SHFL is the first human protein found to directly inhibit the activity of the -1 programmed ribosomal frameshift, a translation recoding strategy utilized across nearly all domains of life and several human viruses. Recent literature has shown that SHFL expression also significantly impacts viral pathogenesis in mouse models, highlighting its in vivo efficacy. To help reconcile the many mechanisms by which SHFL restricts viral replication, we provide here a comprehensive review of this complex ISG, its influence over viral RNA fate, and the implications of its functions on the virus-host arms race for control of the cell.
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Taura M, Frank JA, Takahashi T, Kong Y, Kudo E, Song E, Tokuyama M, Iwasaki A. APOBEC3A regulates transcription from interferon-stimulated response elements. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2011665119. [PMID: 35549556 PMCID: PMC9171812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011665119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
APOBEC3A (A3A) is a cytidine deaminase that inactivates a variety of viruses through introduction of lethal mutations to the viral genome. Additionally, A3A can suppress HIV-1 transcription in a deaminase-independent manner by binding to the long terminal repeat of proviral HIV-1. However, it is unknown whether A3A targets additional host genomic loci for repression. In this study, we found that A3A suppresses gene expression by binding TTTC doublets that are in close proximity to each other. However, one TTTC motif is sufficient for A3A binding. Because TTTC doublets are present in interferon (IFN)-stimulated response elements (ISRE), we hypothesized that A3A may impact IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. After scanning the human genome for TTTC doublet occurrences, we discovered that these motifs are enriched in the proximal promoters of genes associated with antiviral responses and type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling. As a proof of principle, we examined whether A3A can impact ISG15 expression. We found that A3A binding to the ISRE inhibits phosphorylated STAT-1 binding and suppresses ISG15 induction in response to IFN-I treatment. Consistent with these data, our RNA-sequencing analyses indicate that A3A loss results in increased IFN-I–dependent induction of several ISGs. This study revealed that A3A plays an unexpected role in ISG regulation and suggests that A3A contributes to a negative feedback loop during IFN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Taura
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 565-0871 Suita, Japan
| | - John A. Frank
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Takehiro Takahashi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Yong Kong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, W. M. Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Eriko Kudo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Maria Tokuyama
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
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Frasca F, Scordio M, Santinelli L, Gabriele L, Gandini O, Criniti A, Pierangeli A, Angeloni A, Mastroianni CM, d'Ettorre G, Viscidi RP, Antonelli G, Scagnolari C. Anti-IFN-α/-ω neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients correlate with downregulation of IFN response and laboratory biomarkers of disease severity. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1120-1128. [PMID: 35419822 PMCID: PMC9087404 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A significant number of COVID‐19 patients were shown to have neutralizing antibodies (NAB) against IFN; however, NAB specificity, fluctuation over time, associations with biochemical and hematological parameters, and IFN gene expression are not well characterized. Binding antibodies (BAB) to IFN‐α/‐β were screened in COVID‐19 patients’ serum. All BAB positive sera, and a subset of respiratory samples, were tested for NAB against IFN‐α/‐β/‐ω, using an antiviral bioassay. Transcript levels of IFN‐α/‐β/‐ω and IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs) were quantified. Anti‐IFN‐I BAB were found in 61 out of 360 (17%) of patients. Among BAB positive sera, 21.3% had a high NAB titer against IFN‐α. A total of 69.2% of anti‐IFN‐α NAB sera displayed cross‐reactivity to IFN‐ω. Anti‐IFN‐I NAB persisted in all patients. NAB to IFN‐α were also detected in 3 out of 17 (17.6%) of respiratory samples. Anti‐IFN‐I NAB were higher in males (p = 0.0017), patients admitted to the ICU (p < 0.0001), and patients with a fatal outcome (p < 0.0001). NAB were associated with higher levels of CRP, LDH, d‐Dimer, and higher counts of hematological parameters. ISG‐mRNAs were reduced in patients with persistently NAB titer. NAB are detected in a significant proportion of severe COVID‐19. NAB positive patients presented a defective IFN response and increased levels of laboratory biomarkers of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Scordio
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Orietta Gandini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Criniti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio M Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Raphael P Viscidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Fernbach S, Spieler EE, Busnadiego I, Karakus U, Lkharrazi A, Stertz S, Hale BG. Restriction factor screening identifies RABGAP1L-mediated disruption of endocytosis as a host antiviral defense. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110549. [PMID: 35320721 PMCID: PMC8939003 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Host interferons (IFNs) powerfully restrict viruses through the action of several hundred IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) products, many of which remain uncharacterized. Here, using RNAi screening, we identify several ISG restriction factors with previously undescribed contributions to IFN-mediated defense. Notably, RABGAP1L, a Tre2/Bub2/Cdc16 (TBC)-domain-containing protein involved in regulation of small membrane-bound GTPases, robustly potentiates IFN action against influenza A viruses (IAVs). Functional studies reveal that the catalytically active TBC domain of RABGAP1L promotes antiviral activity, and the RABGAP1L proximal interactome uncovered its association with proteins involved in endosomal sorting, maturation, and trafficking. In this regard, RABGAP1L overexpression is sufficient to disrupt endosomal function during IAV infection and restricts an early post-attachment, but pre-fusion, stage of IAV cell entry. Other RNA viruses that enter cells primarily via endocytosis are also impaired by RABGAP1L, while entry promiscuous SARS-CoV-2 is resistant. Our data highlight virus endocytosis as a key target for host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Fernbach
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH and University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva E Spieler
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH and University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Idoia Busnadiego
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Umut Karakus
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anouk Lkharrazi
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silke Stertz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin G Hale
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Lamotte LA, Tafforeau L. How Influenza A Virus NS1 Deals with the Ubiquitin System to Evade Innate Immunity. Viruses 2021; 13:2309. [PMID: 34835115 DOI: 10.3390/v13112309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification regulating critical cellular processes such as protein degradation, trafficking and signaling pathways, including activation of the innate immune response. Therefore, viruses, and particularly influenza A virus (IAV), have evolved different mechanisms to counteract this system to perform proper infection. Among IAV proteins, the non-structural protein NS1 is shown to be one of the main virulence factors involved in these viral hijackings. NS1 is notably able to inhibit the host's antiviral response through the perturbation of ubiquitination in different ways, as discussed in this review.
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Willemsen J, Neuhoff MT, Hoyler T, Noir E, Tessier C, Sarret S, Thorsen TN, Littlewood-Evans A, Zhang J, Hasan M, Rush JS, Guerini D, Siegel RM. TNF leads to mtDNA release and cGAS/STING-dependent interferon responses that support inflammatory arthritis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109977. [PMID: 34758308 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key driver of several inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis, in which affected tissues show an interferon-stimulated gene signature. Here, we demonstrate that TNF triggers a type-I interferon response that is dependent on the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. We show that TNF inhibits PINK1-mediated mitophagy and leads to altered mitochondrial function and to an increase in cytosolic mtDNA levels. Using cGAS-chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we demonstrate that cytosolic mtDNA binds to cGAS after TNF treatment. Furthermore, TNF induces a cGAS-STING-dependent transcriptional response that mimics that of macrophages from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Finally, in an inflammatory arthritis mouse model, cGAS deficiency blocked interferon responses and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and joint swelling. These findings elucidate a molecular mechanism linking TNF to type-I interferon signaling and suggest a potential benefit for therapeutic targeting of cGAS/STING in TNF-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joschka Willemsen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| | - Marie-Therese Neuhoff
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hoyler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Emma Noir
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Clemence Tessier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Sarret
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Tara N Thorsen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | | | - Juan Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Maroof Hasan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - James S Rush
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Danilo Guerini
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Richard M Siegel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel 4002, Switzerland
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Cui D, Espínola EE, Arora K, Brinton MA. Two Interferon-Stimulated Response Elements Cooperatively Regulate Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression in West Nile Virus-Infected IFNAR -/- Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts. J Virol 2021; 95:e0104021. [PMID: 34495694 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01040-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a subset of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) upregulated by West Nile virus (WNV) infection in wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) after viral proteins had inhibited type I interferon (IFN)-mediated JAK-STAT signaling and also in WNV-infected RIG-I-/-, MDA5-/-, STAT1-/-, STAT2-/-, IFNAR-/-, IRF3-/-, IRF7-/-, and IRF3/7-/- MEFs. In this study, ISG upregulation by WNV infection in IFNAR-/- MEFs was confirmed by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). ISG upregulation by WNV infection was inhibited in RIG-I/MDA5-/- MEFs. ISGs were upregulated in IRF1-/- and IRF5-/- MEFs but only minimally upregulated in IRF3/5/7-/- MEFs, suggesting redundant IRF involvement. We previously showed that a single proximal interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in the Oas1a and Oas1b promoters bound the ISGF3 complex after type I IFN treatment. In this study, we used wild-type and mutant promoter luciferase reporter constructs to identify critical regions in the Oas1b and Ifit1 promoters for gene activation in infected IFNAR-/- MEFs. Two ISREs were required in both promoters. Mutation of these ISREs in an Ifit1 promoter DNA probe reduced in vitro complex formation with infected nuclear extracts. An NF-κB inhibitor decreased Ifit1 promoter activity in cells and in vitro complex formation. IRF3 and p50 promoter binding was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for upregulated ISGs with two proximal ISREs. The data indicate that ISREs function cooperatively to upregulate the expression of some ISGs when type I IFN signaling is absent, with the binding complex consisting of IRF3, IRF5, and/or IRF7 and an NF-κB component(s) as well as other, as-yet-unknown factors. IMPORTANCE Type I IFN signaling in mammalian cells induces formation of the ISGF3 transcription factor complex, which binds to interferon stimulated response elements (ISREs) in the promoters of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the cell nucleus. Flavivirus proteins counteract type I IFN signaling by preventing either the formation or nuclear localization of ISGF3. A subset of ISRE-regulated ISGs was still induced in West Nile virus (WNV)-infected mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), indicating that cells have an alternative mechanism for activating these ISGs. In this study, cellular components involved in this ISG upregulation mechanism were identified using gene knockout MEFs and ChIP, and critical promoter regions for gene activation were mapped using reporter assays. The data indicate a cooperative function between two ISREs and required binding of IRF3, IRF5, and/or IRF7 and an NF-κB component(s). Moreover, type I IFN signaling-independent ISG activation requires different additional promoter activation regions than type I IFN-dependent activation.
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32
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Freed SM, Baldi DS, Snow JA, Athen SR, Guinn ZP, Pinkerton TS, Petro TM, Moore TC. MEK/ERK MAP kinase limits poly I:C-induced antiviral gene expression in RAW264.7 macrophages by reducing interferon-beta expression. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2665-2674. [PMID: 34591979 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes viral double-stranded RNA (or the synthetic dsRNA analog poly I:C) and induces a signal transduction pathway that results in activation of transcription factors that induce expression of antiviral genes including type I interferon (IFN-I). Secreted IFN-I positively feeds back to amplify antiviral gene expression. In this report, we study the role of MEK/ERK MAP kinase in modulating antiviral gene expression downstream of TLR3. We find MEK/ERK is a negative regulator of antiviral gene expression by limiting expression of IFN-β. However, MEK/ERK does not limit antiviral responses downstream of the type I interferon receptor. These findings provide insights into regulatory mechanisms of antiviral gene expression and reveal potential targets for modulating antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Freed
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Bellevue University, NE, USA
| | - Danielle S Baldi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Bellevue University, NE, USA
| | - Jason A Snow
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Bellevue University, NE, USA
| | - Sierra R Athen
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Bellevue University, NE, USA
| | - Zachary P Guinn
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - T Scott Pinkerton
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Bellevue University, NE, USA
| | - Thomas M Petro
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Tyler C Moore
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Bellevue University, NE, USA
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Nakahama T, Kato Y, Shibuya T, Inoue M, Kim JI, Vongpipatana T, Todo H, Xing Y, Kawahara Y. Mutations in the adenosine deaminase ADAR1 that prevent endogenous Z-RNA binding induce Aicardi-Goutières-syndrome-like encephalopathy. Immunity 2021; 54:1976-1988.e7. [PMID: 34525338 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the adenosine-to-inosine RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 p150, including point mutations in the Z-RNA recognition domain Zα, are associated with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). Here, we examined the in vivo relevance of ADAR1 binding of Z-RNA. Mutation of W197 in Zα, which abolished Z-RNA binding, reduced RNA editing. Adar1W197A/W197A mice displayed severe growth retardation after birth, broad expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and abnormal development of multiple organs. Notably, malformation of the brain was accompanied by white matter vacuolation and gliosis, reminiscent of AGS-associated encephalopathy. Concurrent deletion of the double-stranded RNA sensor MDA5 ameliorated these abnormalities. ADAR1 (W197A) expression increased in a feedback manner downstream of type I interferons, resulting in increased RNA editing at a subset of, but not all, ADAR1 target sites. This increased expression did not ameliorate inflammation in Adar1W197A/W197A mice. Thus, editing of select endogenous RNAs by ADAR1 is essential for preventing inappropriate MDA5-mediated inflammation, with relevance to the pathogenesis of AGS.
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Valdés-López JF, Fernandez GJ, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Interleukin 27 as an inducer of antiviral response against chikungunya virus infection in human macrophages. Cell Immunol 2021; 367:104411. [PMID: 34325085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is known to have a wide range of tropism in human cell types throughout infection, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, monocytes, and macrophages. We reported that human monocytes-derived macrophages (MDMs) are permissive to CHIKV infection in vitro. We found that the peak of CHIKV replication was at 24 hpi; however, at 48 hpi, a significant reduction in viral titer was observed that correlated with high expression levels of genes encoding antiviral proteins (AVPs) in an IFN-independent manner. To explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the induction of antiviral response in CHIKV-infected MDMs, we performed transcriptomic analysis by RNA-sequencing. Differential expression of genes at 24 hpi showed that CHIKV infection abrogated the expression of all types of IFNs in MDMs. However, we observed that CHIKV-infected MDMs activated the JAK-STAT signaling and induced a robust antiviral response associated with control of CHIKV replication. We identified that the IL27 pathway is activated in CHIKV-infected MDMs and that kinetics of IL27p28 mRNA expression and IL27 protein production correlated with the expression of AVPs in CHIKV-infected MDMs. Furthermore, we showed that stimulation of THP-1-derived macrophages with recombinant-human IL27 induced the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling and induced a robust pro-inflammatory and antiviral response, comparable to CHIKV-infected MDMs. Furthermore, pre-treatment of MDMs with recombinant-human IL27 inhibits CHIKV replication in a dose-dependently manner (IC50 = 1.83 ng/mL). Altogether, results show that IL27 is highly expressed in CHIKV-infected MDMs, leading to activation of JAK-STAT signaling and stimulation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral response to control CHIKV replication in an IFN-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Felipe Valdés-López
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Geysson J Fernandez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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35
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Martin-Sancho L, Lewinski MK, Pache L, Stoneham CA, Yin X, Becker ME, Pratt D, Churas C, Rosenthal SB, Liu S, Weston S, De Jesus PD, O'Neill AM, Gounder AP, Nguyen C, Pu Y, Curry HM, Oom AL, Miorin L, Rodriguez-Frandsen A, Zheng F, Wu C, Xiong Y, Urbanowski M, Shaw ML, Chang MW, Benner C, Hope TJ, Frieman MB, García-Sastre A, Ideker T, Hultquist JF, Guatelli J, Chanda SK. Functional landscape of SARS-CoV-2 cellular restriction. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2656-2668.e8. [PMID: 33930332 PMCID: PMC8043580 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A deficient interferon (IFN) response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been implicated as a determinant of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To identify the molecular effectors that govern IFN control of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted a large-scale gain-of-function analysis that evaluated the impact of human IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) on viral replication. A limited subset of ISGs were found to control viral infection, including endosomal factors inhibiting viral entry, RNA binding proteins suppressing viral RNA synthesis, and a highly enriched cluster of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi-resident ISGs inhibiting viral assembly/egress. These included broad-acting antiviral ISGs and eight ISGs that specifically inhibited SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 replication. Among the broad-acting ISGs was BST2/tetherin, which impeded viral release and is antagonized by SARS-CoV-2 Orf7a protein. Overall, these data illuminate a set of ISGs that underlie innate immune control of SARS-CoV-2/SARS-CoV-1 infection, which will facilitate the understanding of host determinants that impact disease severity and offer potential therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martin-Sancho
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mary K Lewinski
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, and the VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Lars Pache
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Charlotte A Stoneham
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, and the VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Xin Yin
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mark E Becker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dexter Pratt
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Churas
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sara B Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sophie Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stuart Weston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Paul D De Jesus
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alan M O'Neill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anshu P Gounder
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Courtney Nguyen
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yuan Pu
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Heather M Curry
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aaron L Oom
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, and the VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Lisa Miorin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Ariel Rodriguez-Frandsen
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fan Zheng
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chunxiang Wu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Matthew Urbanowski
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Megan L Shaw
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA; Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Max W Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas J Hope
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA; The Tisch Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Judd F Hultquist
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John Guatelli
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, and the VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Sumit K Chanda
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Neulinger-Muñoz M, Schaack D, Grekova SP, Bauer AS, Giese T, Salg GA, Espinet E, Leuchs B, Heller A, Nüesch JPF, Schenk M, Volkmar M, Giese NA. Human Retrotransposons and the Global Shutdown of Homeostatic Innate Immunity by Oncolytic Parvovirus H-1PV in Pancreatic Cancer. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061019. [PMID: 34071585 PMCID: PMC8228339 DOI: 10.3390/v13061019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the oncolytic parvovirus H-1PV has entered clinical trials, predicting therapeutic success remains challenging. We investigated whether the antiviral state in tumor cells determines the parvoviral oncolytic efficacy. The interferon/interferon-stimulated genes (IFN/ISG)-circuit and its major configurator, human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), were evaluated using qRT-PCR, ELISA, Western blot, and RNA-Seq techniques. In pancreatic cancer cell lines, H-1PV caused a late global shutdown of innate immunity, whereby the concomitant inhibition of HERVs and IFN/ISGs was co-regulatory rather than causative. The growth-inhibitory IC50 doses correlated with the power of suppression but not with absolute ISG levels. Moreover, H-1PV was not sensitive to exogenous IFN despite upregulated antiviral ISGs. Such resistance questioned the biological necessity of the oncotropic ISG-shutdown, which instead might represent a surrogate marker for personalized oncolytic efficacy. The disabled antiviral homeostasis may modify the activity of other viruses, as demonstrated by the reemergence of endogenous AluY-retrotransposons. This way of suppression may compromise the interferogenicity of drugs having gemcitabine-like mechanisms of action. This shortcoming in immunogenic cell death induction is however amendable by immune cells which release IFN in response to H-1PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Neulinger-Muñoz
- Department of Surgery, European Pancreas Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.N.-M.); (S.P.G.); (G.A.S.); (A.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Dominik Schaack
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Svetlana P. Grekova
- Department of Surgery, European Pancreas Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.N.-M.); (S.P.G.); (G.A.S.); (A.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrea S. Bauer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Functional Genome Analysis, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Giese
- Institute of Immunology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Gabriel A. Salg
- Department of Surgery, European Pancreas Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.N.-M.); (S.P.G.); (G.A.S.); (A.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Elisa Espinet
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- HI-STEM—Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Leuchs
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Tumor Virology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Anette Heller
- Department of Surgery, European Pancreas Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.N.-M.); (S.P.G.); (G.A.S.); (A.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Jürg P. F. Nüesch
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis F170, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Miriam Schenk
- Department of Surgery, European Pancreas Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.N.-M.); (S.P.G.); (G.A.S.); (A.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Volkmar
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Nathalia A. Giese
- Department of Surgery, European Pancreas Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.N.-M.); (S.P.G.); (G.A.S.); (A.H.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Gonzalez-Perez AC, Stempel M, Wyler E, Urban C, Piras A, Hennig T, Ganskih S, Wei Y, Heim A, Landthaler M, Pichlmair A, Dölken L, Munschauer M, Erhard F, Brinkmann MM. The Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein ZAP Restricts Human Cytomegalovirus and Selectively Binds and Destabilizes Viral UL4/ UL5 Transcripts. mBio 2021; 12:e02683-20. [PMID: 33947766 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02683-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene products (ISGs) play a crucial role in early infection control. The ISG zinc finger CCCH-type antiviral protein 1 (ZAP/ZC3HAV1) antagonizes several RNA viruses by binding to CG-rich RNA sequences, whereas its effect on DNA viruses is less well understood. Here, we decipher the role of ZAP in the context of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, a β-herpesvirus that is associated with high morbidity in immunosuppressed individuals and newborns. We show that expression of the two major isoforms of ZAP, ZAP-S and ZAP-L, is induced during HCMV infection and that both negatively affect HCMV replication. Transcriptome and proteome analyses demonstrated that the expression of ZAP results in reduced viral mRNA and protein levels and decelerates the progression of HCMV infection. Metabolic RNA labeling combined with high-throughput sequencing (SLAM-seq) revealed that most of the gene expression changes late in infection result from the general attenuation of HCMV. Furthermore, at early stages of infection, ZAP restricts HCMV by destabilizing a distinct subset of viral mRNAs, particularly those from the previously uncharacterized UL4-UL6 HCMV gene locus. Through enhanced cross-linking immunoprecipitation and sequencing analysis (eCLIP-seq), we identified the transcripts expressed from this HCMV locus as the direct targets of ZAP. Moreover, our data show that ZAP preferentially recognizes not only CG, but also other cytosine-rich sequences, thereby expanding its target specificity. In summary, this report is the first to reveal direct targets of ZAP during HCMV infection, which strongly indicates that transcripts from the UL4-UL6 locus may play an important role for HCMV replication.IMPORTANCE Viral infections have a large impact on society, leading to major human and economic losses and even global instability. So far, many viral infections, including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, are treated with a small repertoire of drugs, often accompanied by the occurrence of resistant mutants. There is no licensed HCMV vaccine in sight to protect those most at risk, particularly immunocompromised individuals or pregnant women who might otherwise transmit the virus to the fetus. Thus, the identification of novel intervention strategies is urgently required. In this study, we show that ZAP decelerates the viral gene expression cascade, presumably by selectively handpicking a distinct set of viral transcripts for degradation. Our study illustrates the potent role of ZAP as an HCMV restriction factor and sheds light on a possible role for UL4 and/or UL5 early during infection, paving a new avenue for the exploration of potential targets for novel therapies.
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Haque M, Siegel RJ, Fox DA, Ahmed S. Interferon-stimulated GTPases in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: promising role for the guanylate-binding protein (GBP) family. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:494-506. [PMID: 33159795 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human IFNs are secreted cytokines shown to stimulate the expression of over one thousand genes. These IFN-inducible genes primarily encode four major protein families, known as IFN-stimulated GTPases (ISGs), namely myxovirus-resistance proteins, guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), p47 immunity-related GTPases and very large inducible guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (GTPases). These families respond specifically to type I or II IFNs and are well reported in coordinating immunity against some well known as well as newly discovered viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. A growing body of evidence highlights the potential contributory and regulatory roles of ISGs in dysregulated inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Our focus was to draw attention to studies that demonstrate increased expression of ISGs in the serum and affected tissues of patients with RA, SS, lupus, IBD and psoriasis. In this review, we analysed emerging literature describing the potential roles of ISGs, particularly the GBP family, in the context of autoimmunity. We also highlighted the promise and implications for therapeutically targeting IFNs and GBPs in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamudul Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Ruby J Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - David A Fox
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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van der Wijst MGP, Vazquez SE, Hartoularos GC, Bastard P, Grant T, Bueno R, Lee DS, Greenland JR, Sun Y, Perez R, Ogorodnikov A, Ward A, Mann SA, Lynch KL, Yun C, Havlir DV, Chamie G, Marquez C, Greenhouse B, Lionakis MS, Norris PJ, Dumont LJ, Kelly K, Zhang P, Zhang Q, Gervais A, Le Voyer T, Whatley A, Si Y, Byrne A, Combes AJ, Rao AA, Song YS, Fragiadakis GK, Kangelaris K, Calfee CS, Erle DJ, Hendrickson C, Krummel MF, Woodruff PG, Langelier CR, Casanova JL, Derisi JL, Anderson MS, Ye CJ. Longitudinal single-cell epitope and RNA-sequencing reveals the immunological impact of type 1 interferon autoantibodies in critical COVID-19: Anti-IFN antibodies in critical COVID-19 correlate with poor ISG response and upregulation of LAIR1 surface protein in PBMCs. bioRxiv 2021:2021.03.09.434529. [PMID: 33758859 PMCID: PMC7987018 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.09.434529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) neutralizing autoantibodies have been found in some critical COVID-19 patients; however, their prevalence and longitudinal dynamics across the disease severity scale, and functional effects on circulating leukocytes remain unknown. Here, in 284 COVID-19 patients, we found IFN-I autoantibodies in 19% of critical, 6% of severe and none of the moderate cases. Longitudinal profiling of over 600,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells using multiplexed single-cell epitope and transcriptome sequencing from 54 COVID-19 patients, 15 non-COVID-19 patients and 11 non-hospitalized healthy controls, revealed a lack of IFN-I stimulated gene (ISG-I) response in myeloid cells from critical cases, including those producing anti-IFN-I autoantibodies. Moreover, surface protein analysis showed an inverse correlation of the inhibitory receptor LAIR-1 with ISG-I expression response early in the disease course. This aberrant ISG-I response in critical patients with and without IFN-I autoantibodies, supports a unifying model for disease pathogenesis involving ISG-I suppression via convergent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique G P van der Wijst
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sara E Vazquez
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California. San Francisco, CA, USA
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - George C Hartoularos
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianna Grant
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Raymund Bueno
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David S Lee
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John R Greenland
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard Perez
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anton Ogorodnikov
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alyssa Ward
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sabrina A Mann
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kara L Lynch
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra Yun
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diane V Havlir
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Chamie
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carina Marquez
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip J Norris
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Larry J Dumont
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, CO, USA
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Peng Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrian Gervais
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tom Le Voyer
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Whatley
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yichen Si
- Department of Biostaticstics, University of Michigan
| | | | - Alexis J Combes
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Arkal Rao
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yun S Song
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela K Fragiadakis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten Kangelaris
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David J Erle
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn Hendrickson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew F Krummel
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles R Langelier
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph L Derisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
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40
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Ruan Z, Chen G, Xie T, Mo G, Wang G, Luo W, Li H, Shi M, Liu WS, Zhang X. Cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein potentiate J subgroup avian leukosis virus replication and suppress antiviral responses in DF-1 chicken fibroblast cells. Virus Res 2021; 296:198344. [PMID: 33636239 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine-inducible Srchomology2 (SH2)-containing protein (CIS) belongs to the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) protein family function as a negative feedback loop inhibiting cytokine signal transduction. J subgroup avian leukosis virus (ALV-J), a commonly-seen avian virus with a feature of immunosuppression, poses an unmeasurable threat to the poultry industry across the world. However, commercial medicines or vaccines are still no available for this virus. This study aims to evaluate the potential effect of chicken CIS in antiviral response and its role on ALV-J replication. The results showed that ALV-J strain SCAU-HN06 infection induced CIS expression in DF-1 cells, which was derived from chicken embryo free of endogenous avian sarcoma-leukosis virus (ASLV) like sequences. By overexpressing CIS, the expression of chicken type I interferon (IFN-I) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs; PKR, ZAP, CH25H, CCL4, IFIT5, and ISG12) were both suppressed. Meanwhile, data showed that CIS overexpression also increased viral yield. Interestingly, knockdown of CIS enhanced induction of IFN-I and ISGs and inhibited viral replication. Collectively, we proved that modulation of CIS expression not only affected SCAU-HN06 replication in vitro but also altered the expression of IFN-I and ISGs that act as an essential part of antiviral innate immune system. Our data provide a potential target for developing antiviral agents for ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohao Ruan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Genghua Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Tingting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Guodong Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Guiyan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Wen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Hongmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MA, 20742, USA.
| | - Wen-Sheng Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Centre of Aquatic Immunization and Aquaculture Health Techniques, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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41
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Shang J, Zheng Y, Mo J, Wang W, Luo Z, Li Y, Chen X, Zhang Q, Wu K, Liu W, Wu J. Sox4 represses host innate immunity to facilitate pathogen infection by hijacking the TLR signaling networks. Virulence 2021; 12:704-722. [PMID: 33517839 PMCID: PMC7894441 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1882775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential for the protection of the host from pathogen infections by initiating the integration of contextual cues to regulate inflammation and immunity. However, without tightly controlled immune responses, the host will be subjected to detrimental outcomes. Therefore, it is important to balance the positive and negative regulations of TLRs to eliminate pathogen infection, yet avert harmful immunological consequences. This study revealed a distinct mechanism underlying the regulation of the TLR network. The expression of sex-determining region Y-box 4 (Sox4) is induced by virus infection in viral infected patients and cultured cells, which subsequently represses the TLR signaling network to facilitate viral replication at multiple levels by a distinct mechanism. Briefly, Sox4 inhibits the production of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and most of the TLRs by binding to their promoters to attenuate gene transcription. In addition, Sox4 blocks the activities of the TLR/MyD88/IRAK4/TAK1 and TLR/TRIF/TRAF3/TBK1 pathways by repressing their key components. Moreover, Sox4 represses the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) through interacting with IKKα/α, and attenuates NF-kB and IFN regulatory factors 3/7 (IRF3/7) abundances by promoting protein degradation. All these contributed to the down-regulation of interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, leading to facilitate the viral replications. Therefore, we reveal a distinct mechanism by which viral pathogens evade host innate immunity and discover a key regulator in host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongkui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xulin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Weiyong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
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42
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Cingöz O, Arnow ND, Puig Torrents M, Bannert N. Vpx enhances innate immune responses independently of SAMHD1 during HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology 2021; 18:4. [PMID: 33563288 PMCID: PMC7871410 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genomes of HIV-2 and some SIV strains contain the accessory gene vpx, which carries out several functions during infection, including the downregulation of SAMHD1. Vpx is also commonly used in experiments to increase HIV-1 infection efficiency in myeloid cells, particularly in studies that investigate the activation of antiviral pathways. However, the potential effects of Vpx on cellular innate immune signaling is not completely understood. We investigated whether and how Vpx affects ISG responses in monocytic cell lines and MDMs during HIV-1 infection. Results HIV-1 infection at excessively high virus doses can induce ISG activation, although at the expense of high levels of cell death. At equal infection levels, the ISG response is potentiated by the presence of Vpx and requires the initiation of reverse transcription. The interaction of Vpx with the DCAF1 adaptor protein is important for the enhanced response, implicating Vpx-mediated degradation of a host factor. Cells lacking SAMHD1 show similarly augmented responses, suggesting an effect that is independent of SAMHD1 degradation. Overcoming SAMHD1 restriction in MDMs to reach equal infection levels with viruses containing and lacking Vpx reveals a novel function of Vpx in elevating innate immune responses. Conclusions Vpx likely has as yet undefined roles in infected cells. Our results demonstrate that Vpx enhances ISG responses in myeloid cell lines and primary cells independently of its ability to degrade SAMHD1. These findings have implications for innate immunity studies in myeloid cells that use Vpx delivery with HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oya Cingöz
- Department of Infectious Diseases HIV and Other Retroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nicolas D Arnow
- Department of Infectious Diseases HIV and Other Retroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mireia Puig Torrents
- Department of Infectious Diseases HIV and Other Retroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Bannert
- Department of Infectious Diseases HIV and Other Retroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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43
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Abstract
The constitutive expression of Speckled-100 (Sp100) is known to restrict the replication of many clinically important DNA viruses. This pre-existing (intrinsic) immune defense to virus infection can be further upregulated upon interferon (IFN) stimulation as a component of the innate immune response. In humans, Sp100 is encoded by a single gene locus, which can produce alternatively spliced isoforms. The widely studied Sp100A, Sp100B, Sp100C and Sp100HMG have functions associated with the transcriptional regulation of viral and cellular chromatin, either directly through their characteristic DNA-binding domains, or indirectly through post-translational modification (PTM) and associated protein interaction networks. Sp100 isoforms are resident component proteins of promyelocytic leukemia-nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), dynamic nuclear sub-structures which regulate host immune defenses against many pathogens. In the case of human herpesviruses, multiple protein antagonists are expressed to relieve viral DNA genome transcriptional silencing imposed by PML-NB and Sp100-derived proteinaceous structures, thereby stimulating viral propagation, pathogenesis, and transmission to new hosts. This review details how different Sp100 isoforms are manipulated during herpesviruses HSV1, VZV, HCMV, EBV, and KSHV infection, identifying gaps in our current knowledge, and highlighting future areas of research.
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44
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Abstract
The immune system is tasked with identifying malignant cells to eliminate or prevent cancer spread. This involves a complex orchestration of many immune cell types that together recognize different aspects of tumor transformation and growth. In response, tumors have developed mechanisms to circumvent immune attack. Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are a class of proinflammatory cytokines produced in response to viruses and other environmental stressors. IFN-Is are also emerging as essential drivers of antitumor immunity, potently stimulating the ability of immune cells to eliminate tumor cells. However, a more complicated role for IFN-Is has arisen, as prolonged stimulation can promote feedback inhibitory mechanisms that contribute to immune exhaustion and other deleterious effects that directly or indirectly permit cancer cells to escape immune clearance. We review the fundamental and opposing functions of IFN-Is that modulate tumor growth and impact immune function and ultimately how these functions can be harnessed for the design of new cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle M Boukhaled
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada; .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shane Harding
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada; .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada; .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Dhawan T, Zahoor MA, Heryani N, Workenhe ST, Nazli A, Kaushic C. TRIM26 Facilitates HSV-2 Infection by Downregulating Antiviral Responses through the IRF3 Pathway. Viruses 2021; 13:70. [PMID: 33419081 DOI: 10.3390/v13010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the primary cause of genital herpes which results in significant morbidity and mortality, especially in women, worldwide. HSV-2 is transmitted primarily through infection of epithelial cells at skin and mucosal surfaces. Our earlier work to examine interactions between HSV-2 and vaginal epithelial cells demonstrated that infection of the human vaginal epithelial cell line (VK2) with HSV-2 resulted in increased expression of TRIM26, a negative regulator of the Type I interferon pathway. Given that upregulation of TRIM26 could negatively affect anti-viral pathways, we decided to further study the role of TRIM26 in HSV-2 infection and replication. To do this, we designed and generated two cell lines derived from VK2s with TRIM26 overexpressed (OE) and knocked out (KO). Both, along with wildtype (WT) VK2, were infected with HSV-2 and viral titres were measured in supernatants 24 h later. Our results showed significantly enhanced virus production by TRIM26 OE cells, but very little replication in TRIM26 KO cells. We next examined interferon-β production and expression of two distinct interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), MX1 and ISG15, in all three cell lines, prior to and following HSV-2 infection. The absence of TRIM26 (KO) significantly upregulated interferon-β production at baseline and even further after HSV-2 infection. TRIM26 KO cells also showed significant increase in the expression of MX1 and ISG15 before and after HSV-2 infection. Immunofluorescent staining indicated that overexpression of TRIM26 substantially decreased the nuclear localization of IRF3, the primary mediator of ISG activation, before and after HSV-2 infection. Taken together, our data indicate that HSV-2 utilizes host factor TRIM26 to evade anti-viral response and thereby increase its replication in vaginal epithelial cells.
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46
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Scagnolari C, Pierangeli A, Frasca F, Bitossi C, Viscido A, Oliveto G, Scordio M, Mazzuti L, Di Carlo D, Gentile M, Solimini A, Ceccarelli G, Pugliese F, Mastroianni CM, d'Ettorre G, Turriziani O, Antonelli G. Differential induction of type I and III interferon genes in the upper respiratory tract of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Virus Res 2021; 295:198283. [PMID: 33418027 PMCID: PMC7834390 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The natural course of type I and III interferon (IFN) response in the respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients needs to be better defined. We showed that type I/III IFNs, IFN-regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), and IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), are highly expressed in the oropharyngeal cells of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients compared to healthy controls. Notably, the subgroup of critically-ill patients that required invasive mechanical ventilation had a general decrease in expression of IFN/ISG genes. Heterogeneous patterns of IFN-I/III response in the respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients may be associated to COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Camilla Bitossi
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Agnese Viscido
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Oliveto
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Mirko Scordio
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Laura Mazzuti
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Carlo
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Angelo Solimini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Francesco Pugliese
- Department of General and Specialist Surgery "Paride Stefanini", Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Ombretta Turriziani
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome 00185, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Sapienza University, Rome 00185, Italy
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47
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Bansode YD, Chattopadhyay D, Saha B. Transcriptomic Analysis of Interferon Response in Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligand-Treated and Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Infected Neurons and Astrocytes. Viral Immunol 2020; 34:256-266. [PMID: 33351727 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection causes cold sores and keratitis. Upon infection, it forms lesions at the epithelium and enters neurons where it establishes a latent infection. Host innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 recognizes HSV by sensing its glycoproteins and induces an innate immune response. Upon activation, TLR2 forms a dimer with TLR1, TLR2, or TLR6 and signals inducing cytokines and interferons (IFNs). In this study, we checked the effect of differential activation of TLR2 by using different TLR2 dimer-specific ligands on the anti-HSV-1 innate immune response. We found that TLR2/2 ligand-induced IFN-β in neurons, while IFN-α in astrocytes and these IFNs subsequently induce the expression of IFN stimulatory genes like viperin, Ch25H, OAS2, latent RNase (RNase L), protein kinase R (PKR), and interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) 1. These are the genes with antiviral functions such as blocking viral attachment, protein synthesis, and egress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, India.,ICMR-Virus Unit, Kolkata, India
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48
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Ebrahimi KH, Gilbert-Jaramillo J, James WS, McCullagh JSO. Interferon-stimulated gene products as regulators of central carbon metabolism. FEBS J 2020; 288:3715-3726. [PMID: 33185982 PMCID: PMC8359365 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In response to viral infections, the innate immune system rapidly activates expression of several interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), whose protein and metabolic products are believed to directly interfere with the viral life cycle. Here, we argue that biochemical reactions performed by two specific protein products of ISGs modulate central carbon metabolism to support a broad-spectrum antiviral response. We demonstrate that the metabolites generated by metalloenzymes nitric oxide synthase and the radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme RSAD2 inhibit the activity of the housekeeping and glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). We discuss that this inhibition is likely to stimulate a range of metabolic and signalling processes to support a broad-spectrum immune response. Based on these analyses, we propose that inhibiting GAPDH in individuals with deteriorated cellular innate immune response like elderly might help in treating viral diseases such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh H Ebrahimi
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Javier Gilbert-Jaramillo
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - William S James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - James S O McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, UK
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49
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Felipe VLJ, Paula A V, Silvio UI. Chikungunya virus infection induces differential inflammatory and antiviral responses in human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. Acta Trop 2020; 211:105619. [PMID: 32634389 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a zoonotic arthropod-borne virus that has caused several outbreaks in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide during the last 50 years. The virus is known to target different human cell types throughout the course of infection including epithelial and endothelial cells, fibroblasts, primary monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). The two latter are phagocytic cell populations of the innate immune system which are involved in some aspects of CHIKV pathogenesis. However, monocytes and macrophages also potentially contribute to the control of viral replication through the expression of different pattern recognition receptors sensing viral pathogens and subsequently, inducing an type I interferone (IFN-I)-dependent antiviral immune response. The aim of this study was to determine the modulation of the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokine secretion capabilities and antiviral factor production in monocytes and MDMs following infection with CHIKV. Moreover, we sought to determine the replication kinetics of CHIKV in these two cell populations. We found that the maximum peak of CHIKV replication was observed between 18- and 24-hours post-infection (hpi), while after that the is strongly reduced. Furthermore, CHIKV infection induced the pro-inflammatory cytokine production starting from the first 6 hpi in both monocytes and MDMs, with similar kinetics but different protein levels. In contrast, the kinetics of transcriptional expression of some TLRs were different between both cell types. In addition, IFN-I, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) mRNA levels were detected in response to CHIKV infection of monocytes and MDMs, resulting the highest expression levels at 48 hpi. In conclusion, our data provides evidence that CHIKV infection activates the TLR pathways in primary monocytes and MDMs, which play a crucial role in CHIKV pathogenesis and/or host defense, differentially. However, additional studies are required to determine the functional role of TLRs in monocytes and MDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdés López Juan Felipe
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Velilla Paula A
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Urcuqui-Inchima Silvio
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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50
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Zhuang MW, Cheng Y, Zhang J, Jiang XM, Wang L, Deng J, Wang PH. Increasing host cellular receptor-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression by coronavirus may facilitate 2019-nCoV (or SARS-CoV-2) infection. J Med Virol 2020; 92:2693-2701. [PMID: 32497323 DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.24.963348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing outbreak of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) has caused an epidemic of the acute respiratory syndrome known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in humans. SARS-CoV-2 rapidly spread to multiple regions of China and multiple other countries, posing a serious threat to public health. The spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 may use the same host cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), for entering host cells. The affinity between ACE2 and the SARS-CoV-2 S protein is much higher than that of ACE2 binding to the SARS-CoV S protein, explaining why SARS-CoV-2 seems to be more readily transmitted from human to human. Here, we report that ACE2 can be significantly upregulated after infection of various viruses, including SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, or by the stimulation with inflammatory cytokines such as interferons. We propose that SARS-CoV-2 may positively induce its cellular entry receptor, ACE2, to accelerate its replication and spread; high inflammatory cytokine levels increase ACE2 expression and act as high-risk factors for developing COVID-19, and the infection of other viruses may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, drugs targeting ACE2 may be developed for the future emerging infectious diseases caused by this cluster of coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Wei Zhuang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Zhang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-Mei Jiang
- Jinan Infectious Diseases Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Jinan Infectious Diseases Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Pei-Hui Wang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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