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Tully DC, Power KA, Sarette J, Stopka TJ, Friedmann PD, Korthuis PT, Cooper H, Young AM, Seal DW, Westergaard RP, Allen TM. Validation of dried blood spots for capturing hepatitis C virus diversity for genomic surveillance. J Viral Hepat 2024; 31:266-270. [PMID: 38366329 PMCID: PMC11023755 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional venous blood for hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing. However, their capacity to accurately reflect the genetic diversity of HCV remains poorly understood. We employed deep sequencing and advanced phylogenetic analyses on paired plasma and DBS samples from two common subtypes to evaluate the suitability of DBS for genomic surveillance. Results demonstrated that DBS captured equivalent viral diversity compared to plasma with no phylogenetic discordance observed. The ability of DBS to accurately reflect the profile of viral genetic diversity suggests it may be a promising avenue for future surveillance efforts to curb HCV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien C. Tully
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Center for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Karen A. Power
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacklyn Sarette
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas J. Stopka
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Peter D. Friedmann
- Baystate Medical Center—University of Massachusetts, Office of Research, UMass Chan Medical School - Baystate, 3601 Main Street, 3rd Floor, Springfield, MA, 01199, USA
| | - P. Todd Korthuis
- Oregon Health & Science University, 3270 Southwest Pavilion Loop OHSU Physicians Pavilion, Suite 350, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Hannah Cooper
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Grace Crum Rollins Building 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - April M. Young
- University of Kentucky, 760 Press Avenue Suite 280, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - David W. Seal
- Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2210, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ryan P. Westergaard
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5th Floor, Madison, WI, 53705-2281, USA
| | - Todd M. Allen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Heo M, Norton BL, Pericot-Valverde I, Mehta SH, Tsui JI, Taylor LE, Lum PJ, Feinberg J, Kim AY, Arnsten JH, Sprecht-Walsh S, Page K, Murray-Krezan C, Anderson J, Litwin AH. Optimal hepatitis C treatment adherence patterns and sustained virologic response among people who inject drugs: The HERO study. J Hepatol 2024; 80:702-713. [PMID: 38242324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are highly effective for treating HCV infection even among people who inject drugs (PWID). Yet, little is known about patients' adherence patterns and their association with sustained virologic response (SVR) rates. We aimed to summarize various adherence patterns and determine their associations with SVR. METHODS Electronic blister packs were used to measure daily adherence to once-a-day sofosbuvir/velpatasvir during the 12-week treatment period among active PWIDs. Blister pack data were available for 496 participants who initiated DAAs for whom SVR status was known. Adherence was summarized in multiple patterns, such as total adherent days, consecutive missed days, and early discontinuations. Thresholds for adherence patterns associated with >90% SVR rates were also determined. RESULTS The overall SVR rate was 92.7%, with a median adherence rate of 75%. All adherence patterns indicating greater adherence were significantly associated with achieving SVR. Participant groups with ≥50% (>42/84) adherent days or <26 consecutive missed days achieved an SVR rate of >90%. Greater total adherent days during 9-12 weeks and no early discontinuation were significantly associated with higher SVR rates only in those with <50% adherence. Participants with first month discontinuation and ≥2 weeks of treatment interruption had low SVR rates, 25% and 85%, respectively. However, greater adherent days were significantly associated with SVR (adjusted odds ratio 1.10; 95% CI 1.04-1.16; p <0.001) even among participants with ≥14 consecutive missed days. CONCLUSIONS High SVR rates can be achieved in the PWID population despite suboptimal adherence. Encouraging patients to take as much medication as possible, with <2 weeks consecutive missed days and without early discontinuation, was found to be important for achieving SVR. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS People who inject drugs can be cured of HCV in >90% of cases, even with relatively low adherence to direct-acting antivirals, but early discontinuations and long treatment interruptions can significantly reduce the likelihood of achieving cure. Clinicians should encourage people who inject drugs who are living with HCV to adhere daily to direct-acting antivirals as consistently as possible, but if any days are interrupted, to continue and complete treatment. These results from the HERO study are important for patients living with HCV, clinicians, experts writing clinical guidelines, and payers. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT02824640.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonseong Heo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29605, USA.
| | - Brianna L Norton
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 3330 Kossuth Avenue Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Irene Pericot-Valverde
- Department of Psychology, College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E6546, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Judith I Tsui
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 325 9th Ave., Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Avedesian Hall, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Paula J Lum
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and San Francisco General Hospital, 2540 23rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Judith Feinberg
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, and Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 930 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julia H Arnsten
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 3330 Kossuth Avenue Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Page
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico MSC 10 5550, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Cristina Murray-Krezan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Meyran Avenue, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jessica Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico MSC 10 5550, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Alain H Litwin
- School of Health Research, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29605, USA; Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 876 W Faris Rd, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; Department of Medicine, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC 29605, USA.
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Conti G, Notari EP, Dodd RY, Kessler D, Custer B, Bruhn R, Reik R, Yang H, Whitaker BI, Stramer SL. Changes in transfusion-transmissible infection prevalence and demographics among US blood donors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Transfusion 2024. [PMID: 38661249 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the US blood supply. We compared blood donor demography and infectious disease prevalence before and during the pandemic using a large multicenter database. METHODS Data were categorized as "Before COVID-19" (March 2018-February 2020) or "During COVID-19" (March 2020-February 2022). Donor demographics, donation frequency, and infectious marker prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV were compared for the two time periods. The odds of a donor testing positive for these infections among the two time periods were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Our study assessed a total of 26,672,213 donations including 13,430,380 before and 13,241,833 during COVID-19. There were significantly more donations from donors who were female, aged 40 and older, white, and repeat, during COVID-19. Donation frequency comparison quantified the increase in donations from donors who were white, female, older, and repeat during the pandemic. The prevalence of HIV and HCV decreased significantly during COVID-19 compared to before, but not for HBV. For HIV, the adjusted odds of infection during the pandemic did not differ but for HBV, the odds were significantly more likely during the pandemic and were significantly lower for HCV. DISCUSSION Demographics and infectious disease marker prevalence changed during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Prevalence of each infection in the donor population will continue to be monitored to determine if changes were specific to the pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen Conti
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Debra Kessler
- New York Blood Center Enterprises, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian Custer
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roberta Bruhn
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rita Reik
- OneBlood, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Hong Yang
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Meewan I, Panmanee J, Petchyam N, Lertvilai P. HBCVTr: an end-to-end transformer with a deep neural network hybrid model for anti-HBV and HCV activity predictor from SMILES. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9262. [PMID: 38649402 PMCID: PMC11035669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are significant causes of chronic liver diseases, with approximately 350 million infections globally. To accelerate the finding of effective treatment options, we introduce HBCVTr, a novel ligand-based drug design (LBDD) method for predicting the inhibitory activity of small molecules against HBV and HCV. HBCVTr employs a hybrid model consisting of double encoders of transformers and a deep neural network to learn the relationship between small molecules' simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) and their antiviral activity against HBV or HCV. The prediction accuracy of HBCVTr has surpassed baseline machine learning models and existing methods, with R-squared values of 0.641 and 0.721 for the HBV and HCV test sets, respectively. The trained models were successfully applied to virtual screening against 10 million compounds within 240 h, leading to the discovery of the top novel inhibitor candidates, including IJN04 for HBV and IJN12 and IJN19 for HCV. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations identified IJN04, IJN12, and IJN19 target proteins as the HBV core antigen, HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and HCV NS3/4A serine protease, respectively. Overall, HBCVTr offers a new and rapid drug discovery and development screening method targeting HBV and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ittipat Meewan
- Center for Advanced Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Jiraporn Panmanee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nopphon Petchyam
- Center for Advanced Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pichaya Lertvilai
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Farooq A, Valerio H, Wheeler A, Martinello M, Henderson C, Silk D, Degenhardt L, Read P, Dore GJ, Grebely J, Cunningham EB. Needle and syringe sharing among people who have recently injected drugs in Australia: The ETHOS Engage Study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38630939 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding needle/syringe sharing is crucial for reducing hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and reinfection. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with needle/syringe sharing among people who inject drugs in Australia, including those previously receiving HCV treatment. METHODS The ETHOS Engage study was an observational cohort study which collected self-reported survey data on demographic and drug use information from people who inject drugs attending drug treatment clinics and needle and syringe programs over two waves between May 2018 and June 2021. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with needle/syringe sharing. RESULTS Overall, 1555/2395 people enrolled in ETHOS Engage (65%) injected drugs in the past month. Among these, 432 (28%) reported needle/syringe sharing in the past month and 276 (18%) reported receptive sharing. Factors associated with receptive sharing included younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-2.30), recent incarceration (aOR 2.04; 95% CI 1.40-2.94), more frequent injecting (≥daily vs. less than weekly; aOR 2.59; 95% CI 1.75-3.84) and unstable housing (aOR 1.78; 95% CI 1.26-2.52). Among 560 participants with prior HCV treatment, 87 (16%) reported receptive sharing with younger age (aOR 2.42; 95% CI 1.45-4.05) and daily or greater injection frequency (aOR 2.51; 95% CI 1.31-4.83) associated with receptive sharing. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Needle/syringe sharing was common among this population accessing harm reduction services. This study identifies high-risk populations with needle/syringe sharing. Research is needed to optimise HCV treatment to ensure people with ongoing risk behaviours receive adequate harm reduction following treatment to prevent reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David Silk
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Phillip Read
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Kirketon Road Centre, Sydney, Australia
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Tran CS, Kersten J, Yan J, Breinig M, Huth T, Poth T, Colasanti O, Riedl T, Faure-Dupuy S, Diehl S, Verhoye L, Li TF, Lingemann M, Schult P, Ahlén G, Frelin L, Kühnel F, Vondran FWR, Breuhahn K, Meuleman P, Heikenwälder M, Schirmacher P, Bartenschlager R, Laketa V, Roessler S, Tschaharganeh DF, Sällberg M, Lohmann V. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III alpha governs cytoskeletal organization for invasiveness of liver cancer cells. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)00424-4. [PMID: 38636680 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High expression of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III alpha (PI4KIIIα) correlates with poor survival rates in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections activate PI4KIIIα and contribute to HCC progression. We aimed at mechanistically understanding the impact of PI4KIIIα on the progression of liver cancer and the potential contribution of HCV in this process. METHODS Several hepatic cell culture and mouse models were used to study functional importance of PI4KIIIα on liver pathogenesis. Antibody arrays, gene silencing and PI4KIIIα specific inhibitor were applied to identify the involved signaling pathways. The contribution of HCV was examined by using HCV infection or overexpression of its nonstructural protein. RESULTS High PI4KIIIα expression and/or activity induced cytoskeletal rearrangements via increased-phosphorylation of paxillin and cofilin. This led to morphological alterations and higher migratory and invasive properties of liver cancer cells. We further identified the liver specific lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit gamma (PIK3C2γ) working downstream of PI4KIIIα in regulation of the cytoskeleton. PIK3C2γ generates plasma membrane (PM) phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2]-enriched, invadopodia-like structures which regulate cytoskeletal reorganization by promoting Akt2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS PI4KIIIα regulates cytoskeleton organization via PIK3C2γ/Akt2/paxillin-cofilin to favor migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the contribution of PI4KIIIα and HCV to progression of liver cancer and identify promising targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Si Tran
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Kersten
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jingyi Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marco Breinig
- Helmholtz-University Group 'Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling', German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorben Huth
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Poth
- Center for Model System and Comparative Pathology (CMCP), Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ombretta Colasanti
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Riedl
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Diehl
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lieven Verhoye
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Teng-Feng Li
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marit Lingemann
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Schult
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gustaf Ahlén
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars Frelin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Florian Kühnel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Peter Schirmacher
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vibor Laketa
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Darjus Felix Tschaharganeh
- Helmholtz-University Group 'Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling', German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matti Sällberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ahmad S, Demneh FM, Rehman B, Almanaa TN, Akhtar N, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Shojaeian A, Ghatrehsamani M, Sanami S. In silico design of a novel multi-epitope vaccine against HCV infection through immunoinformatics approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131517. [PMID: 38621559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the causes of liver cancer, which is the world's sixth most prevalent and third most lethal cancer. The current treatments do not prevent reinfection; because they are expensive, their usage is limited to developed nations. Therefore, a prophylactic vaccine is essential to control this virus. Hence, in this study, an immunoinformatics method was applied to design a multi-epitope vaccine against HCV. The best B- and T-cell epitopes from conserved regions of the E2 protein of seven HCV genotypes were joined with the appropriate linkers to design a multi-epitope vaccine. In addition, cholera enterotoxin subunit B (CtxB) was included as an adjuvant in the vaccine construct. This study is the first to present this epitopes-adjuvant combination. The vaccine had acceptable physicochemical characteristics. The vaccine's 3D structure was predicted and validated. The vaccine's binding stability with Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 was confirmed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The immune simulation revealed the vaccine's efficacy by increasing the population of B and T cells in response to vaccination. In silico expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli) was also successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, P.O. Box 36, Lebanon; Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
| | - Fatemeh Mobini Demneh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Bushra Rehman
- Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Taghreed N Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
- Department of Physiology & Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shojaeian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghatrehsamani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Samira Sanami
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Oltmanns C, Bremer B, Kusche L, Stål P, Zenlander R, Tauwaldt J, Rydén I, Påhlsson P, Cornberg M, Wedemeyer H. Elevation of S2-bound α1-acid glycoprotein is associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Viral Hepat 2024. [PMID: 38610115 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new high-quality markers for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Åström et al. suggested that S2-bound α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) might be a promising marker. Consequently, we evaluated the predictive advantage of S2-bound AGP in the early detection of HCC. In a retrospective case-control study of patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and treated with direct-acting antiviral agents (n = 93), we measured S2-bound AGP using the HepaCheC® ELISA kit (Glycobond AB, Linköping, SE) at the start of treatment, end of treatment and follow-up (maximum: 78 months). Patients were retrospectively propensity score matched (1:2). Thirty-one patients chronically infected with HCV developed HCC after a sustained virological response, while 62 did not. In addition, samples of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and HCC of different etiologies were analysed. S2-bound AGP elevation in HCC patients was confirmed. However, we did not observe a predictive advantage of S2-bound AGP for the early detection of HCC during treatment and follow-up. Interestingly, S2-bound AGP levels correlated with aspartate aminotransferase (ρ = .56, p = 9.5×10-15) and liver elastography (ρ = .67, p = 2.2×10-16). Of note, S2-bound AGP decreased in patients chronically infected with HCV after treatment-induced HCV clearance. Fucosylated S2-bound AGP levels were elevated in patients with chronic HCV and HCC. The potential role of S2-bound AGP as a novel tumour marker requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Oltmanns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Bremer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Kusche
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Per Stål
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robin Zenlander
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan Tauwaldt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingvar Rydén
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Påhlsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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9
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Lübke N, Walker A, Obermeier M, Camdereli J, Paluschinski M, Walotka L, Schupp AK, Tometten I, Hauka S, Heger E, Timm J. Real-world performance of the NeuMoDx™ HCV Quant Test for quantification of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA. J Virol Methods 2024; 327:114937. [PMID: 38614281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Quantification of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA in serum or plasma samples is an essential parameter in HCV diagnostics. Here, the NeuMoDx™Molecular System (Qiagen) was tested for the most common HCV genotypes and compared to the cobas c6800 system (Roche). HCV-RNA from 131 plasma/serum samples from chronically infected patients was determined in parallel on the NeuMoDx and c6800 systems. Linearity was analysed using the four most common HCV genotypes (1-4) in our cohort. The coefficient of variation (CV) within (intra-assay) and between (inter-assay) runs was calculated based on HCV-RNA concentration. Quantitative HCV-RNA results were highly correlated on both test systems (R2 = 0.7947; y = 0.94 x + 0.37). On average, the NeuMoDx and c6800 HCV RNA levels showed a mean difference of only 0.05 log10 IU/mL but with a broad distribution (±1.2 2 x SD). The NeuMoDx demonstrated very good linearity across all HCV genotypes tested at concentrations between 1.7 and 6.2 log10 IU/mL (R2 range: 0.9257-0.9991) with the highest mean coefficient of determination for genotype 1 (R2 = 0.9909). The mean intra- and inter-assay CV for both serum and plasma samples was <5 %. The NeuMoDx HCV-RNA Assay demonstrates high subtype-independent comparability, linearity, and reproducibility for the quantification of HCV-RNA in serum and plasma samples from chronically infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Lübke
- Institute of Virology, National Reference Center for Hepatitis C viruses, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Andreas Walker
- Institute of Virology, National Reference Center for Hepatitis C viruses, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer Camdereli
- Institute of Virology, National Reference Center for Hepatitis C viruses, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martha Paluschinski
- Institute of Virology, National Reference Center for Hepatitis C viruses, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lara Walotka
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna-Kathrin Schupp
- Institute of Virology, National Reference Center for Hepatitis C viruses, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inga Tometten
- Institute of Virology, National Reference Center for Hepatitis C viruses, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauka
- Institute of Virology, National Reference Center for Hepatitis C viruses, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva Heger
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute of Virology, National Reference Center for Hepatitis C viruses, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Underwood AP, Gupta M, Wu BR, Eltahla AA, Boo I, Wang JJ, Agapiou D, Abayasingam A, Reynaldi A, Keoshkerian E, Zhao Y, Brasher N, Walker MR, Bukh J, Maher L, Gordon T, Davenport MP, Luciani F, Drummer HE, Lloyd AR, Bull RA. B cell characteristics define HCV reinfection outcome. J Hepatol 2024:S0168-8278(24)00271-X. [PMID: 38604387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In individuals highly exposed to hepatitis C virus (HCV), reinfection is common, suggesting that natural development of sterilising immunity is difficult. In those that are reinfected, some will develop a persistent infection, while a small proportion repeatedly clear the virus, suggesting natural protection is possible. The aim of this study was to characterise immune responses associated with rapid natural clearance of HCV reinfection. METHODS Broad neutralising antibodies (BnAbs) and Envelope 2 (E2)-specific memory B cell (MBCs) responses were examined longitudinally in 15 subjects with varied reinfection outcomes. RESULTS BnAb responses were associated with MBC recall, but not with reinfection clearance. Strong evidence of antigen imprinting was found, and the B cell receptor repertoire showed a high level of clonality with ongoing somatic hypermutation of many clones over subsequent reinfection events. Single cell transcriptomic analyses showed that cleared reinfections featured an activated transcriptomic profile in HCV-specific B cells that rapidly expanded upon reinfection. CONCLUSIONS MBC quality, but not necessarily breadth of nAb responses, is important for protection against antigenically diverse variants, which is encouraging for HCV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Underwood
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Money Gupta
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bing-Ru Wu
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Auda A Eltahla
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Irene Boo
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jing Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, SA Pathology Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - David Agapiou
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arunasingam Abayasingam
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Yanran Zhao
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Brasher
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie R Walker
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jens Bukh
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa Maher
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tom Gordon
- Department of Immunology Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, SA Pathology Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fabio Luciani
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Heidi E Drummer
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rowena A Bull
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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11
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Ogega CO, Skinner NE, Schoenle MV, Wilcox XE, Frumento N, Wright DA, Paul HT, Sinnis-Bourozikas A, Clark KE, Figueroa A, Bjorkman PJ, Ray SC, Flyak AI, Bailey JR. Convergent evolution and targeting of diverse E2 epitopes by human broadly neutralizing antibodies are associated with HCV clearance. Immunity 2024; 57:890-903.e6. [PMID: 38518779 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The early appearance of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) in serum is associated with spontaneous hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance, but to date, the majority of bNAbs have been isolated from chronically infected donors. Most of these bNAbs use the VH1-69 gene segment and target the envelope glycoprotein E2 front layer. Here, we performed longitudinal B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire analysis on an elite neutralizer who spontaneously cleared multiple HCV infections. We isolated 10,680 E2-reactive B cells, performed BCR sequencing, characterized monoclonal B cell cultures, and isolated bNAbs. In contrast to what has been seen in chronically infected donors, the bNAbs used a variety of VH genes and targeted at least three distinct E2 antigenic sites, including sites previously thought to be non-neutralizing. Diverse front-layer-reactive bNAb lineages evolved convergently, acquiring breadth-enhancing somatic mutations. These findings demonstrate that HCV clearance-associated bNAbs are genetically diverse and bind distinct antigenic sites that should be the target of vaccine-induced bNAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton O Ogega
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole E Skinner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marta V Schoenle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xander E Wilcox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Frumento
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Desiree A Wright
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harry T Paul
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ariadne Sinnis-Bourozikas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kaitlyn E Clark
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexis Figueroa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Stuart C Ray
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew I Flyak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Justin R Bailey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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12
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Giannitrapani L, Amodeo S, Mirarchi L, Terranova A, Seidita A, Mozzini C, Cabibi D, Brancatelli G, Licata A, Soresi M. Changes in the ultrasound presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma: a center's three decades of experience. J Ultrasound 2024:10.1007/s40477-024-00888-7. [PMID: 38583119 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-024-00888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ultrasound (US) surveillance is a cornerstone for early diagnosis of HCC, anyway US presentation has undergone significant changes. With the aim of evaluating the effects of US surveillance program in the real-world clinical practice, we wanted to evaluate US presentation of HCCs over the last 30 years and the differences of HCCs presentation according to etiology. METHODS 174 patients diagnosed between 1993 and 98 (G1), 96 between 2003 and 08 (G2), 102 between 2013 and 18 (G3), were compared. US patterns were: single, multiple or diffuse nodules. The echo-patterns: iso-, hypo-, hyper-echoic, or mixed. In G1, the HCC diagnosis was mainly histologic; in G2 by EASL 2001 and AASLD 2005, in G3 AASLD 2011, EASL 2012, and AISF 2013 guidelines. RESULTS HCV was the most frequent etiology, dropping between G1 (81%) and G3 (66%) (P < 0.01), metabolic increased between G1 (5%) and G3 (14%) (P < 0.01). Single HCC was more prevalent in G3 vs G1 (65.6% vs 40%) (P < 0.0001), multiple nodules in G1 (50%) vs G3 (33.3%) (P < 0.02) and diffuse in G1 (16%) vs G2 (2%) and vs G3 (1%) (P < 0.001). The most frequent echo-pattern was hypo-echoic G1 (50%) vs G2 (79%) and G1 vs G3 (65%) (P < 0.01). Iso-echoic pattern was the least frequent (7-12%). Mixed pattern decreased from G1 (28%) to G3 (12%) (P < 0.002). In G3 there were more multiple or diffuse HCCs in metabolic (P < 0.03). CONCLUSION US presentation became less severe due to surveillance programs. HCV remains the most frequent cause, an increase in metabolic etiology has been shown throughout the decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Giannitrapani
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Amodeo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Mirarchi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Terranova
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aurelio Seidita
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Mozzini
- Department of Medicine, ASST Mantova, C. Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy
| | - Daniela Cabibi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Brancatelli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.) Section of Radiological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Licata
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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13
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Burananayok S, Nachatri W, Choothanorm P, Kusolthammarat K, Jaruthamsophon K, Yodsawad C, Limsakul P, Charupanit K. COVID-19 impact on blood donor characteristics and seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections in southern Thailand between 2018 and 2022. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7920. [PMID: 38575642 PMCID: PMC10995202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood safety is a critical aspect of healthcare systems worldwide involving rigorous screening, testing, and processing protocols to minimize the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). The present study offers a comprehensive assessment of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis among blood donors in southern Thailand. It explores the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the blood transfusion service, donor characteristics, and the prevalence of TTIs. A retrospective analysis of 65,511 blood donors between 2018 and 2022 was conducted at Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand. The socio-demographic characteristics of the donors were examined using the Chi-square test to assess the relationship between TTIs serological positivity and donor characteristics. The donors were divided into pre-COVID-19 (2018-2019) and during COVID-19 (2020-2022) groups to evaluate the impacts of COVID-19. The study found that HBV had the highest overall prevalence at 243 per hundred thousand (pht), followed by syphilis (118 pht), HCV (32 pht), and HIV (31 pht) over a five-year period of study. After COVID-19, the prevalence of HBV decreased by 21.8%; HCV decreased by 2.1%; HIV increased by 36.4%; and syphilis increased by 9.2%. The socio-demographic characteristics and TTIs prevalence were significantly altered over time. This study provides insights into blood donor characteristics and TTIs prevalence in southern Thailand, highlighting the understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on the spread of TTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparat Burananayok
- Blood Bank and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wilaiwan Nachatri
- Blood Bank and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pimpilalai Choothanorm
- Blood Bank and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kantarat Kusolthammarat
- Blood Bank and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kanoot Jaruthamsophon
- Blood Bank and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Human Genetic Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chaninporn Yodsawad
- Blood Bank and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Praopim Limsakul
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor (TAB-CoE), Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Krit Charupanit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
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14
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Oliveira Correa JD, Chies JAB. The COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Hepatitis C Virus Circulation and Genotypic Frequencies-Implications for Hepatitis C Prevention, Treatment and Research. Epidemiologia (Basel) 2024; 5:160-166. [PMID: 38651388 PMCID: PMC11036259 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C is regarded as a global health issue caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV is targeted for elimination by 2030 as a global public health goal. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed human circulation and prevented access to diagnostics and treatment to many other diseases, including hepatitis C. COVID-19 impacted HCV global elimination efforts with implications not fully comprehended yet. The high genetic variability in HCV makes the development of vaccines and pan-genotypic drug therapies a difficult task. Changes in the dynamics of HCV impose new challenges for public health and opportunities for future research. Meta-analysis, the follow up of new cases and sampling of HCV patients compared with previously available data are options for investigating the possible changes. The determination of HCV genotypes and subtypes is important for understanding viral dynamics and treatment; therefore, the changes in genotype and subtype prevalences can directly affect such processes. Recent results in the literature already suggest changes in HCV dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic, both considering viral circulation and differential genotypic frequencies in distinct geographic areas. In this context, we propose a further examination of these trends using different approaches to provide support for the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic affected HCV circulation, since these findings would have important implications for hepatitis C prevention, treatment and research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Campus do Vale Prédio 43323, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil;
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15
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Serag A, Alnemari RM, Abduljabbar MH, Alosaimi ME, Almalki AH. Synchronous spectrofluorimetry and chemometric modeling: A synergistic approach for analyzing simeprevir and daclatasvir, with application to pharmacokinetics evaluation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 315:124245. [PMID: 38581722 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Simeprevir and daclatasvir represent a cornerstone in the management of Hepatitis C Virus infection, a global health concern that affects millions of people worldwide. In this study, we propose a synergistic approach combining synchronous spectrofluorimetry and chemometric modeling i.e. Partial Least Squares (PLS-1) for the analysis of simeprevir and daclatasvir in different matrices. Moreover, the study employs firefly algorithms to further optimize the chemometric models via selecting the most informative features thus improving the accuracy and robustness of the calibration models. The firefly algorithm was able to reduce the number of selected wavelengths to 47-44% for simeprevir and daclatasvir, respectively offering a fast and sensitive technique for the determination of simeprevir and daclatasvir. Validation results underscore the models' effectiveness, as evidenced by recovery rates close to 100% with relative root mean square error of prediction (RRMSEP) of 2.253 and 2.1381 for simeprevir and daclatasvir, respectively. Moreover, the proposed models have been applied to determine the pharmacokinetics of simeprevir and daclatasvir, providing valuable insights into their distribution and elimination patterns. Overall, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of synchronous spectrofluorimetry coupled with multivariate calibration optimized by firefly algorithms in accurately determining and quantifying simeprevir and daclatasvir in HCV antiviral treatment, offering potential applications in pharmaceutical formulation analysis and pharmacokinetic studies for these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Serag
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Reem M Alnemari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram H Abduljabbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia; Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Yeoh YKJ, Dore GJ, Lockart I, Danta M, Flynn C, Blackmore C, Levy MT, George J, Alavi M, Hajarizadeh B. Temporal change in aetiology and clinical characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in a large cohort of patients in New South Wales, Australia. Intern Med J 2024; 54:602-612. [PMID: 37819787 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis, alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the main risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in many countries. In Australia, given the access to hepatitis C virus (HCV) direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy since 2016, a temporal change in HCC aetiology was hypothesized. This study evaluated the temporal change in the aetiology and characteristics of HCC in New South Wales (NSW). METHODS Patients diagnosed with HCC, admitted to three public hospitals in NSW between 2008 and 2021, were included in the analyses. We assessed the annual frequency of each HCC aetiology and the distribution of HCC characteristics in participants. RESULTS Among 1370 patients, the most common HCC etiologies were HCV (n = 483, 35%), ARLD (n = 452, 33%), NAFLD (n = 347, 25%) and hepatitis B virus (n = 301, 22%). The proportion of HCV-related HCC was the highest in 2011-2016 (41%) and significantly declined to 30% in 2017-2021 (odds ratio [OR], 0.53 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.35-0.79]; P = 0.002). The proportion of HCC diagnosed at an early stage (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage O/A) increased from 41% in 2008-2009 to 56% in 2020-2021 (OR per annum, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.02-1.08]; P = 0.002), and the proportion of patients receiving potentially curative HCC management increased from 29% in 2008-2009 to 41% in 2020-2021 (OR per annum, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.03-1.10]; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The contribution of HCV to HCC burden has been decreasing in the DAA era, suggesting the role of HCV elimination in decreasing HCC risk. Increasing frequency of less advanced HCC at diagnosis over time suggests improved HCC surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory J Dore
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian Lockart
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Danta
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ciara Flynn
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Conner Blackmore
- Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- South Western Clinical School, UNSW, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Miriam T Levy
- Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- South Western Clinical School, UNSW, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Hospital and The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maryam Alavi
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Tahir F, Farooq M, Malik MA, Manzoor S. Extracellular Vesicles Contribute to Viral-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Understanding Their Involvement in Viral Hepatitis and Their Potential as Biomarkers for Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:159-166. [PMID: 38588555 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The high global prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C and the poor prognosis of hepatitis B and hepatitis C-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), necessitates the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Recent studies show that cell-to-cell communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) is involved in the HCC progression. The objective of the following study was to explore the role of EVs in the progression of viral-induced HCC and investigate their potential for the early diagnosis of cancer. First, the mRNA derived from EVs of HCC patients was compared to the mRNA derived from EVs from the healthy controls. Expression analysis of ANGPTL3, SH3BGRL3, and IFITM3 genes from the EVs was done. Afterward, to confirm whether hepatocytes can uptake EVs, HuH7 cells were exposed to EVs, and the expression analysis of downstream target genes (AKT, TNF-α, and MMP-9) in Huh7 cells was done. Transcriptional analysis showed that in the EVs from HCC patients, the expression levels of ANGPTL3, SH3BGRL3, and IFITM3 were significantly increased by 2.62-, 4.3-, and 9.03-folds, respectively. The downstream targets, AKT, TNF-α, and MMP-9, also showed a considerable change of 4.1-, 1.46-, and 5.05-folds, respectively, in Huh7 cells exposed to HCC EVs. In conclusion, the following study corroborates the role of EVs in HCC progression. Furthermore, the significant alteration in mRNA levels of the selected genes demonstrates their potential to be used as possible biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Tahir
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mariya Farooq
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maliha Ashraf Malik
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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18
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Lu MY, Yu ML. Correspondence on Letter regarding "Toward hepatitis C virus elimination using artificial intelligence". Clin Mol Hepatol 2024; 30:274-275. [PMID: 38439190 PMCID: PMC11016497 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2024.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ying Lu
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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19
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Boan P, Jamboti J, Musk M, Lavender M, Wrobel JP, Lee F, Shah A, Pereira LA, Robinson JO, Irish A. Utilising organs from hepatitis C virus PCR-positive donors in Western Australia. Intern Med J 2024; 54:678-681. [PMID: 38450913 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
We transplanted six solid organs from three hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive donors during 2018-2023. Recipients were treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir or sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for 4-12 weeks, with all six achieving sustained virological response without significant adverse events. As occurs in other jurisdictions, solid organ transplants from HCR PCR-positive donors can be safely utilised in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Boan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jagadish Jamboti
- Department of Nephrology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Musk
- Advanced Lung Disease Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie Lavender
- Advanced Lung Disease Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremy P Wrobel
- Advanced Lung Disease Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Felicity Lee
- Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Service, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amit Shah
- Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Service, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lynette A Pereira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Infectious Disease, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Owen Robinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Infectious Disease, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ashley Irish
- Department of Nephrology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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20
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Page KR, Weir BW, Zook K, Rosecrans A, Harris R, Grieb SM, Falade-Nwulia O, Landry M, Escobar W, Ramirez MP, Saxton RE, Clarke WA, Sherman SG, Lucas GM. Integrated care van delivery of evidence-based services for people who inject drugs: A cluster-randomized trial. Addiction 2024. [PMID: 38561602 DOI: 10.1111/add.16486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS People who inject drugs (PWID) are at risk for adverse outcomes across multiple dimensions. While evidence-based interventions are available, services are often fragmented and difficult to access. We measured the effectiveness of an integrated care van (ICV) that offered services for PWID. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This was a cluster-randomized trial, which took place in Baltimore, MD, USA. Prior to randomization, we used a research van to recruit PWID cohorts from 12 Baltimore neighborhoods (sites), currently served by the city's mobile needle exchange program. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR We randomized sites to receive weekly visits from the ICV (n = 6) or to usual services (n = 6) for 14 months. The ICV offered case management; buprenorphine/naloxone; screening for HIV, hepatitis C virus and sexually transmitted infections; HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis; and wound care. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was a composite harm mitigation score that captured access to evidence-based services, risk behaviors and adverse health events (range = 0-15, with higher numbers indicating worse status). We evaluated effectiveness by comparing changes in the composite score at 7 months versus baseline in the two study arms. FINDINGS We enrolled 720 cohort participants across the study sites (60 per site) between June 2018 and August 2019: 38.3% women, 72.6% black and 85.1% urine drug test positive for fentanyl. Over a median of 10.4 months, the ICV provided services to 734 unique clients (who may or may not have been cohort participants) across the six intervention sites, including HIV/hepatitis C virus testing in 577 (78.6%) and buprenorphine/naloxone initiation in 540 (74%). However, only 52 (7.2%) of cohort participants received services on the ICV. The average composite score decreased at 7 months relative to baseline, with no significant difference in the change between ICV and usual services (difference in differences: -0.31; 95% confidence interval: -0.70, 0.08; P = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS This cluster-randomized trial in Baltimore, MD, USA, found no evidence that weekly neighborhood visits from a mobile health van providing injection-drug-focused services improved access to services and outcomes among people who injected drugs in the neighborhood, relative to usual services. The van successfully served large numbers of clients but unexpectedly low use of the van by cohort participants limited the ability to detect meaningful differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Page
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian W Weir
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katie Zook
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Rosecrans
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Baltimore City Health Department, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Harris
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Baltimore City Health Department, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suzanne M Grieb
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Miles Landry
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wendy Escobar
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ronald E Saxton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Susan G Sherman
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory M Lucas
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Lv R, Lu Y, Xiang W, Meng M, Li S. Chronic viral hepatitis C micro-elimination program using telemedicine in Guigang city. J Viral Hepat 2024; 31:208-215. [PMID: 38326936 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents a formidable menace to human health, necessitating urgent attention. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of HCV health management in the city of Guigang which consists of five districts, employing a comprehensive multi-modal approach. The study systematically carried out HCV screening in Guigang city which consists of five districts, such as Gangbei District, Gangnan District, Guiping District, Qintang District, and Pingnan District from 1 January 2016 to 30 December 2022. The target population consisted of individuals residing in these aforementioned districts, falling within the age range of 30-75 years. A multidisciplinary HCV management team was established to deliver anti-HCV screening, diagnosis, and direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. The primary outcome of interest was the achievement of sustained virologic response (SVR). A total of 2489 individuals were included as the target population, with 1694 individuals residing in Gangbei District, 202 in Gangnan District, 111 in Qintang District, 167 in Pingnan District, and 315 in Guiping District. Out of these individuals, 2478 were subjected to anti-HCV screening. The screening rates varied across the districts, ranging from a peak of 99.55% in Guigang City to a nadir of 98.41% in Guiping District. Remarkably, within Guigang City, a noteworthy enhancement was observed in the HCV-RNA diagnosis rate from 23.4% prior to program implementation to a remarkable 100% following 7 years of intervention and management. Furthermore, the diagnosis and treatment coordination rate experienced a substantial improvement, rising from 26.8% before program inception to 80%. Importantly, a total of 1180 individuals affected by hepatitis C were successfully cured, equating to a 100% cure rate. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between serological status and factors such as Aging, bilirubin, and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase. The findings from our investigation unveil a pioneering HCV management model, exemplified by the Guigang model, which has contributed crucially to HCV microclearance efforts and serves as an invaluable reference for future initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riying Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanmeng Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenyao Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Menglan Meng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Shixiong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China
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22
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Du Q, Wu X, Chen L, Zhao Y, Gao H, Fen Y, Zhang S, Gao S. Distribution and genotyping of hepatitis C virus ( HCV) infection in Gansu province, China. J Infect Dev Ctries 2024; 18:458-463. [PMID: 38635623 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.18331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The distribution of common subtypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Gansu province were analyzed. This information provided a theoretical basis for the selection of appropriate antiviral treatment regimens. METHODOLOGY We collected data on HCV antibody screening tests from 421,802 outpatients and inpatients at the Second Clinical Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2018 to June 2022. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) viral load, HCV genotypes, and HCV quantification were analyzed retrospectively. The results of HCV positive detection rate, copy number, and genotype distribution were statistically analysed using SPSS 26.0. RESULTS A total of 421,802 HCV antibody screenings were performed resulting in 4,558 positive cases (1.081%). In addition, 2,345 cases (1.302%) were positive with quantitative HCV antibodies in 180,157 outpatients and inpatients. Quantitative HCV virus RNA was further measured in 2592 outpatients and inpatients. There were 825 positive cases for HCV, with a positivity rate of 31.83%. High-sensitivity quantification of HCV-RNA was performed in 6538 patients, among which 1336 were HCV-RNA positive infections (positivity rate of 20.43%). Among the 1484 genotype tests, 4 genotypes and 10 subtypes were detected, including 4a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 6a, 6n, 1b/2a, and 2a/6a, with the majority of results from 2a (51.89%) and 1b (42.72%). CONCLUSIONS The most prevalent genetic subtype in HCV-positive patients in Gansu was 2a, followed by 1b. In addition, 8 genotype subtypes appeared: 1a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 6a, 6n, 1b/2a and 2a/6a. Understanding the distribution of HCV genes in Gansu province is of significance for the optimization of virus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiajun Du
- Laboratory Medical Center of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Proviince, China
| | - Xinghong Wu
- Laboratory Medical Center of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Proviince, China
| | - Linmei Chen
- Laboratory Medical Center of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Proviince, China
| | - Youli Zhao
- Laboratory Medical Center of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Proviince, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- Laboratory Medical Center of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Proviince, China
| | - Yan Fen
- The Second People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou 730080, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shangdi Zhang
- Laboratory Medical Center of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Proviince, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Laboratory Medical Center of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Proviince, China
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Ceccarelli L, Moretti G, Mazzilli S, Petri D, Corazza I, Rizzo C, Lucenteforte E, Vainieri M, Seghieri C, Tavoschi L. Evaluating hepatitis C cascade of care surveillance system in Tuscany, Italy, through a population retrospective data-linkage study, 2015-2021. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:362. [PMID: 38553731 PMCID: PMC10979555 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive retrospective data-linkage study aimed at evaluating the impact of Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) on Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) testing, treatment trends, and access to care in Tuscany over six years following their introduction. Utilizing administrative healthcare records, our work reveals a substantial increase in HCV tests in 2017, attributed to the decision to provide universal access to treatment. However, despite efforts to eradicate chronic HCV through a government-led plan, the target of treating 6,221 patients annually was not met, and services contracted after 2018, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Key findings indicate a higher prevalence of HCV screening among females in the 33-53 age group, influenced by pregnancy-related recommendations, while diagnostic tests and treatment uptake were more common among males. Problematic substance users constituted a significant proportion of those tested and treated, emphasizing their priority in HCV screening. Our paper underscores the need for decentralized HCV models and alternative testing strategies, such as point-of-care assays, especially in populations accessing harm reduction services, communities, and prisons. The study acknowledges limitations in relying solely on administrative records, advocating for improved data access and timely linkages to accurately monitor HCV care cascades and inform regional plans. Despite challenges, the paper demonstrates the value of administrative record linkages in understanding the access to care pathway for hard-to-reach populations. The findings emphasize the importance of the national HCV elimination strategy and the need for enhanced data collection to assess progress accurately, providing insights for future regional and national interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ceccarelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Management and Healthcare Laboratory, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giaele Moretti
- Management and Healthcare Laboratory, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Mazzilli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Petri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Corazza
- Management and Healthcare Laboratory, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Rizzo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ersilia Lucenteforte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Milena Vainieri
- Management and Healthcare Laboratory, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Seghieri
- Management and Healthcare Laboratory, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Tavoschi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Chang ML, Cheng JS, Le PH, Chen WT, Ku HP, Chien RN. Evolutionary relationship between antimitochondrial antibody positivity and primary biliary cholangitis in Taiwan: a 16-year hospital cohort study. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2024; 17:17562848241241227. [PMID: 38560427 PMCID: PMC10981211 DOI: 10.1177/17562848241241227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background How antimitochondrial antibody (AMA)-positive patients evolve to have primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in viral hepatitis-endemic areas is unknown. Objectives We aimed to investigate this evolution in Taiwan. Design/methods A 16-year medical center-based cohort study of 2,095,628 subjects was conducted in Taiwan, an Asian country endemic to viral hepatitis. AMA-positive subjects were those with positive AMA with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ⩽1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), and PBC was defined as positive AMA with ALP >1.5 × ULN. Results AMA-positive subjects had a lower average age- and sex-adjusted prevalence than PBC patients (4.68/105 versus 11.61/105, p = 0.0002), but their incidence was comparable (0.99/105 versus 1.12/105, p = 0.36). The former group had a borderline significantly lower mean age (56.59 years versus 58.10 years, p = 0.06) and a lower female-to-male ratio (2.85:1 versus 5.44:1, p < 0.0001). Both AMA-positive subjects (prevalence change: 20.0%, p < 0.01; incidence change: -9.2%, p < 0.01) and PBC patients (prevalence change: 14.6%, p < 0.01; incidence change: -4.7%, p < 0.01) prevalence rate increased but the incidence rate decreased. Among the 423 AMA-positive subjects, 77 (18.2%) developed PBC, for a mean duration of 1.757 years. Compared with AMA-positive subjects, PBC patients had similar concurrent chronic hepatitis B (CHB) rates (2.7% versus 4.3%, p = 0.197) but lower chronic hepatitis C (CHC) rates (3.69% versus 15.60%, p < 0.01). Conclusion PBC was more prevalent than AMA-positive subjects, and PBC patients had a higher female-to-male ratio than AMA-positive subjects, of whom 18.2% developed PBC (mean lag: 1.757 years). Upward trends in prevalence rates and downward trends in incidence rates were noted for both AMA-positive subjects and PBC. CHB was rare, CHC was more prevalent among PBC patients than the general population, and CHC was less prevalent among PBC than among AMA-positive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ling Chang
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fu Hsing Street, Kuei Shan, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jur-Shan Cheng
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Puo-Hsien Le
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Ku
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Chien
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Nakamura T, Uchiba M, Nakata H, Mizumoto T, Beppu T, Matsushita S. Partial Splenic Embolization in a Patient with Hemophilia A and Severe Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report. Hematol Rep 2024; 16:185-192. [PMID: 38651448 PMCID: PMC11036256 DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep16020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a patient with hemophilia A who underwent partial splenic embolization (PSE) for severe thrombocytopenia secondary to portal hypertension-induced splenomegaly, resulting in a stable long-term quality of life. The patient was diagnosed with hemophilia A and unfortunately contracted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) from blood products. He subsequently developed progressive splenomegaly due to portal hypertension from chronic HCV, resulting in severe thrombocytopenia. PSE was performed because he had occasional subcutaneous bleeding and needed to start interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) treatment for curing his HCV infection at that time. His platelet counts increased, and no serious adverse events were observed. Currently, he continues to receive outpatient treatment, regular factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy for hemophilia A, and antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection. Vascular embolization has been reported to be an effective and minimally invasive treatment for bleeding in hemophilia patients. PSE also provided him with a stable quality of life without the side effects of serious infections and thrombocytopenia relapses. We conclude that PSE is a promising therapeutic option for patients with hemophilia A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Nakamura
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Uchiba
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Hirotomo Nakata
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Takao Mizumoto
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto 860-0008, Japan;
| | - Toru Beppu
- Department of Surgery, Yamaga City Medical Center, Kumamoto 861-0501, Japan;
| | - Shuzo Matsushita
- Collaborative Research Program for Anti-Viral Agents and Hematological Diseases, Division of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
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Xiao W, Zhao J, Chen Y, Liu X, Xu C, Zhang J, Qian Y, Xia Q. Global burden and trends of acute viral hepatitis among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Hepatol Int 2024:10.1007/s12072-024-10640-2. [PMID: 38528292 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents are at high risk for acute viral hepatitis (AVH), but epidemiological research focusing on them has been overshadowed by adult chronic B and C. We provide global, regional, and national estimates of the AVH burden and their trends on people under 20 years from 1990 to 2019. METHODS AVH data from Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 was used. Incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated, analyzing trends with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and Joinpoint regression. RESULTS In 2019, 156.39 (95% uncertainty interval 145.20-167.16) million new cases of AVH were reported among children and adolescents globally, resulting in 1.98 (1.50-2.55) million DALYs. Incidence rates for young children (< 5 years), older children (5-9 years), and adolescents (10-19 years) were 12,799 (11,068-14,513), 5,108 (4829-5411), and 3020 (2724-3339) per 100,000 population, respectively. The global AVH incidence displayed a linear decline with an EAPC of - 0.66 (- 0.68 to - 0.65). High-incidence regions included sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania, South Asia, and Central Asia, with India, Pakistan, and Nigeria facing the greatest burden. Leading causes were hepatitis A, followed by hepatitis E, B, and C. All hepatitis types showed declining trends, especially hepatitis B. Furthermore, we confirmed the association between the AVH incidence and the socioeconomics, vaccine, and advanced liver diseases. CONCLUSION Effective vaccines and treatments for hepatitis B and C offer eradication opportunities. Broadening diagnostic and therapeutic coverage is vital to address disparities in service provision for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglong Xiao
- Department of Liver Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xingzhu Liu
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jiaxu Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbing Qian
- Department of Liver Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China.
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Chapin-Bardales J, Asher A, Broz D, Teshale E, Mixson-Hayden T, Poe A, Handanagic S, Blanco C, Wejnert C. Hepatitis C virus infection and co-infection with HIV among persons who inject drugs in 10 U.S. cities-National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 2018. Int J Drug Policy 2024:104387. [PMID: 38531730 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterizing acute and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HIV/HCV co-infection among persons who inject drugs (PWID) can inform elimination efforts. METHODS During 2018 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance in 10 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), PWID were recruited using respondent-driven sampling and offered a survey, HIV testing, and HCV antibody and RNA testing. We examined prevalence and associated characteristics of HCV infection and HIV/HCV co-infection. Associations were assessed using log-linked Poisson regression models with robust standard errors accounting for clustering by recruitment chain and adjusting for MSA and network size. RESULTS Overall, 44.2% had current HCV infection (RNA detected), with 3.9% classified as acute infection (HCV antibody non-reactive/RNA detected) and 40.3% as chronic (HCV antibody reactive/RNA detected). Four percent had HIV/HCV co-infection. Current HCV infection was significantly higher among PWID who were male, White, injected >1 time/day, shared syringes in past year, and shared injection equipment in past year. PWID who were transgender, injecting >5 years, and most often injected speedball (heroin and cocaine together) or stimulants alone were more likely to have HIV/HCV co-infection. Among PWID who never previously had HCV infection, 9.9% had acute HCV infection. Among PWID who started injecting ≤5 years ago, 41.5% had already acquired HCV infection. CONCLUSIONS Acute and chronic HCV infections were substantial among a sample of PWID in 10 U.S. MSAs. Accessibility to HCV RNA testing, promoting safer practices, and intervening early with harm reduction programs for recent injection initiates will be critical to disease elimination efforts for PWID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Asher
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dita Broz
- Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eyasu Teshale
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tonya Mixson-Hayden
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amanda Poe
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Senad Handanagic
- Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cyprian Wejnert
- Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Grebely J. Point-of-care testing for hepatitis C infection: A critical building block for the foundation to achieve elimination. Clin Infect Dis 2024:ciae156. [PMID: 38513081 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
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Panagiotakopoulos L, Miele K, Cartwright EJ, Kamili S, Furukawa N, Woodworth K, Tong VT, Kim SY, Wester C, Sandul AL. CDC's New Hepatitis C Virus Testing Recommendations for Perinatally Exposed Infants and Children: A Step Towards Hepatitis C Elimination. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024. [PMID: 38476092 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
New U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing of perinatally exposed infants and children released in 2023 recommend a nucleic acid test (NAT) for detection of HCV ribonucleic acid (i.e., NAT for HCV RNA) at 2-6 months of age to facilitate early identification and linkage to care for children with perinatally acquired HCV infection. Untreated hepatitis C can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and premature death and is caused by HCV, a blood-borne virus transmitted most often among adults through injection drug use in the United States. Perinatal exposure from a birth parent with HCV infection is the most frequent mode of HCV transmission among infants and children. New HCV infections have been increasing since 2010, with the highest rates of infection among people aged 20-39 years, leading to an increasing prevalence of HCV infection during pregnancy. In 2020, the CDC recommended one-time HCV screening for all adults aged 18 years and older and for all pregnant persons during each pregnancy. Detecting HCV infection during pregnancy is key for the identification of pregnant persons, linkage to care for postpartum treatment, and identification of infants with perinatal exposure for HCV testing. It was previously recommended that children who were exposed to HCV during pregnancy receive an antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) test at 18 months of age; however, most children were lost to follow-up before testing occurred, leaving children with perinatal infection undiagnosed. The new strategy of testing perinatally exposed children at age 2-6 months was found to be cost-effective in increasing the identification of infants who might develop chronic hepatitis C. This report describes the current perinatal HCV testing recommendations and how they advance national hepatitis C elimination efforts by improving the health of pregnant and postpartum people and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Miele
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily J Cartwright
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Saleem Kamili
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nathan Furukawa
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kate Woodworth
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Van T Tong
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shin Y Kim
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carolyn Wester
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amy L Sandul
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Shabangu CS, Su WH, Li CY, Yu ML, Dai CY, Huang JF, Chuang WL, Wang SC. Systematic integration of molecular and clinical approaches in HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2024; 22:268. [PMID: 38475805 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in gene expression and regulation, with dysregulation of miRNA function linked to various diseases, including hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is still a gap in understanding the regulatory relationship between miRNAs and mRNAs in HCV-HCC. This study aimed to investigate the function and effects of persistent HCV-induced miRNA expression on gene regulation in HCC. METHODS MiRNA array data were used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs and their targets, and miRNAs were analyzed via DIANA for KEGG pathways, gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment, and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) for hepatotoxicity, canonical pathways, associated network functions, and interactive networks. RESULTS Seventeen miRNAs in L-HCV and 9 miRNAs in S-HCV were differentially expressed, and 5 miRNAs in L-HCV and 5 miRNAs in S-HCV were significantly expressed in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) tumors. Grouped miRNA survival analysis showed that L-HCV miRNAs were associated with survival in LIHC, and miRNA‒mRNA targets regulated viral carcinogenesis and cell cycle alteration through cancer pathways in LIHC. MiRNA-regulated RCN1 was suppressed through miRNA-oncogene interactions, and suppression of RCN1 inhibited invasion and migration in HCC. CONCLUSION Persistent HCV infection induced the expression of miRNAs that act as tumor suppressors by inhibiting oncogenes in HCC. RCN1 was suppressed while miRNAs were upregulated, demonstrating an inverse relationship. Therefore, hsa-miR-215-5p, hsa-miR-10b-5p, hsa-let-7a-5p and their target RCN1 may be ideal biomarkers for monitoring HCV-HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciniso Sylvester Shabangu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiu Su
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Amjed S, Saleem HGM, Ullah S, Latif S, Shabana, Jafar J, Waqar AB. Impact of ITPA gene polymorphism for predicting anemia and treatment outcome in HCV infected patients taking Sofosbuvir Ribavirin therapy. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:301. [PMID: 38468199 PMCID: PMC10926675 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, 80 million people are suffering from chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Sofosbuvir ribavirin-based anti-HCV therapy is associated with anemia and other adverse effects. Polymorphisms of Inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) gene may cause functional impairment in the Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase enzyme, resulting in enhanced sustained viral response (SVR) and protection from ribavirin-associated anemia in patients on therapy. The study objective was to investigate the effect of Inosine triphosphatase gene polymorphism on SVR achievement, hemoglobin decline and ribavirin dose reduction in patients on therapy. METHODS This prospective cohort study was of 170 hepatitis C infected patients received 6-month sofosbuvir ribavirin therapy. Patient viral load, reduction in ribavirin amount, liver function test, and complete blood count were noted monthly. Inosine triphosphatase variants rs1127354 and rs7270101 were assessed through the restriction fragment length polymorphism and confirmed using Sanger sequencing. The impact of polymorphism on cumulative reduction of ribavirin, and anti-HCV therapy outcome were studied. RESULTS A total of 74.3% of patients had ITPA rs1127354 CC genotype, 25.7% were CA and AA 0%. The frequency of ITPA genotype rs7270101-AA was 95%, AC 5%, and CC was 0%. ITPA rs1127354-CA had a notably positive impact on SVR achievement with a zero-relapse rate. ITPA rs1127354-CA genotype was significantly (P ˂0.05) protective against ≥ 2 g/dl Hb reduction from baseline to 1st, 2nd and 6th months of therapy. During treatment, Hb reduction ≥ 10 g/dl was frequently observed in rs1127354-CC genotype and rs7270101-AA genotype patients. Ribavirin dose reduction was significantly (P ˂0.05) high in rs1127354-CC genotype as compared to genotype CA whereas no significant difference was observed in ribavirin dose reduction in rs7270101 AA and non-AA genotype. Patient baseline characteristics such as age, body mass index, rs1127354-CC genotype, and baseline Hb were significantly associated with significant Hb reduction. CONCLUSION Pretreatment evaluation of ITPA polymorphism can be a diagnostic tool to find out patients at risk of anemia and improve treatment adherence. ITPA genotype rs1127354-CA contributes to improved compliance with ribavirin dose and protects against hemoglobin decline in HCV patients while taking ribavirin-based therapy. However, ITPA rs1127354, rs7270101 polymorphism have no significant impact on SVR achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameen Amjed
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Raiwind Road Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, RIPHAH International University, Gulberg Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Hafiz Ghulam Murtaza Saleem
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Raiwind Road Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, RIPHAH International University, Gulberg Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ullah
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Raiwind Road Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Latif
- Gastroenterology Department, Akthar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shabana
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Jafar
- Specilized Health Care and Medical Education Department, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Bilal Waqar
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Raiwind Road Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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Mokhles MA. Extrahepatic manifestations of HCV where do we stand? Med Clin (Barc) 2024; 162:231-237. [PMID: 37980213 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated as up 40-70% of patients with extrahepatic manifestations (EHM) and 36 different syndromes. These could be attributed to the fact that HCV is lymphotropic, particularly B lymphotropic, and not merely hepatotropic, and could trigger immunological alterations indirectly by exerting a chronic stimulus on the immune system with production of immunoglobulins having rheumatoid activity forming immune complexes and production of cryoglobulins. Cryoglobulinemoa plays a pivotal role in producing most EHM of HCV such as vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, arthritis and neuropathies. Less frequently; while less frequently, the direct viral cytopathic effect could lead to EHMs independent of cryoglobulinemia. The mainstay of treatment of EMH has been antivirals, since interferon era to direct-acting drugs era, with no differences between the two eras, despite the better virological response. Longer evaluation of virological response and clinical investigation with longer follow-ups are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aly Mokhles
- National Research Center, Internal Medicine Department, Center of Excellence for Medical Research, Egypt.
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Altinawe J, Akkawi ME, Kharrat Helu N, Hassan Q, Nattouf AH. Seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV, HCV and HIV among hemodialysis patients: a multicenter cross-sectional study from Damascus Syria. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:289. [PMID: 38448805 PMCID: PMC10916258 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among hemodialysis (HD) patients as well as to identify associated risk factors. METHODOLOGY A multicenter cross-sectional study involved patients who had been on HD for at least three months. The study was conducted at five HD centers in Damascus, Syria from August 2019 to September 2021. HBsAg, HCV-Ab and HIV (antibody/antigen) seropositivity were identified using the third generation ELISA technique. Patients' information was extracted from their records and by face-to-face interview. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to identify risk factors associated with HBV or HCV seropositivity. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS A total of 637 patients were included in the study with a mean age (SD) of 50.5 (15.6) years and 56.7% of them were men. The dialytic age ranged from one to thirty years with a mean (SD) of 6.10 (5.6) years. The prevalence of positive hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV, co-infection of HBV and HCV, and anti-HIV (antibody/antigen) were 3.2%, 22.1%, 0.7%, and 0%, respectively. After controlling for co-variables, hepatitis B vaccine was the only predictor of seropositivity of HBV (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.057-0.393, P < 0.001), as it significantly protected against contracting HBV. On the other hand, the dialytic age (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.12-1.94, P = 0.032) and the dialysis center were significant factors affecting the prevalence of HCV. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HCV and HBV infections among HD patients in Damascus, Syria has decreased remarkably compared with the results from 2001. Nevertheless, it is still considered relatively high. Thus, there is an urgent need to strengthen the prevention and control measures for viral infection transmission in HD centers in Damascus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Altinawe
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Muhammad Eid Akkawi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysiam, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, 25200, Malaysia.
| | - Nihad Kharrat Helu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Qusai Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Abdul-Hakim Nattouf
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Qureshi H, Duran AC, Mahmood H, Sarwar Z, Mahmood K, Midde K, Canchola JA, Parkin NT, La Brot B. Context-dependent accuracy of the cobas plasma separation card for HCV RNA viral load measurement. J Viral Hepat 2024; 31:156-160. [PMID: 38169120 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Collection and preservation of plasma are challenging in remote or under-resourced settings. The cobas® Plasma Separation Card (PSC) is an alternative specimen type for blood-borne pathogen nucleic acid quantitation. We assessed PSC as a specimen type for HCV RNA quantitation in Pakistan. Plasma from venous blood and PSC from finger prick blood were prepared at two sites: Site 1 (in Lahore, n = 199) consisted of laboratory-based outpatient clinics. Specimens were prepared in the same facility and stored frozen. Site 2 was a catchment area within a resource-limited, semi-urban locality of Islamabad with limited access to healthcare services (n = 151). Community public health outreach staff collected blood and prepared the PSC in the participants' homes. Specimens were transported to the central hepatitis laboratory in Lahore to be stored frozen until tested. HCV RNA testing was performed using the cobas HCV RNA test in a central laboratory. Concordance with respect to RNA detectability was high at Site 1 (97.4%), but lower at Site 2 (82.4%). At Site 1, HCV viral load in plasma and PSC were well correlated across the linear range with a 0.21 log10 IU/mL mean bias toward higher concentrations in PSC. At Site 2, HCV viral load in plasma and PSC were poorly correlated. There was a 0.11 log10 IU/mL mean bias toward higher concentrations in PSC. PSC performance can be excellent in underserved settings where refrigerated transport of traditional specimens is difficult. In very challenging field settings, extra support must be provided to ensure correct specimen collection and handling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hassan Mahmood
- Planning, Development and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Khalid Mahmood
- Hepatitis & Infection Control Program, Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Krishna Midde
- Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Pleasanton, California, USA
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Chumbe A, Grobben M, Capella-Pujol J, Koekkoek SM, Zon I, Slamanig S, Merat SJ, Beaumont T, Sliepen K, Schinkel J, van Gils MJ. A panel of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins for the characterization of antibody responses using antibodies with diverse recognition and neutralization patterns. Virus Res 2024; 341:199308. [PMID: 38171391 PMCID: PMC10821612 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A vaccine against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is urgently needed to limit the spread of HCV. The large antigenic diversity of the HCV glycoprotein E1E2 makes it difficult to design a vaccine but also to fully understand the antibody response after infection or vaccination. Here we designed a panel of HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpps) that cover a wide range of genetically and antigenically diverse E1E2s. We validate our panel using neutralization and a binding antibody multiplex assay (BAMA). The panel of HCVpps includes E1E2 glycoproteins from acute and chronically infected cases in the Netherlands, as well as E1E2 glycoproteins from previously reported HCVs. Using eight monoclonal antibodies targeting multiple antigenic regions on E1E2, we could categorize four groups of neutralization sensitive viruses with viruses showing neutralization titers over a 100-fold range. One HCVpp (AMS0230) was extremely neutralization resistant and only neutralized by AR4-targeting antibodies. In addition, using binding antibody multiplex competition assay, we delineated mAb epitopes and their interactions. The binding and neutralization sensitivity of the HCVpps were confirmed using patient sera. At the end, eleven HCVpps with unique antibody binding and neutralization profiles were selected as the final panel for standardized HCV antibody assessments. In conclusion, this HCVpp panel can be used to evaluate antibody binding and neutralization breadth and potency as well as delineate the epitopes targeted in sera from patients or candidate vaccine trials. The HCVpp panel in combination with the established antibody competition assay present highly valuable tools for HCV vaccine development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Chumbe
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joan Capella-Pujol
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvie M Koekkoek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ian Zon
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Slamanig
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tim Beaumont
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kwinten Sliepen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Sheehan Y, Grebely J, Lloyd AR. Reply to: " 'One-stop-shop' point-of-care hepatitis C RNA testing intervention in the prison - some issues". J Hepatol 2024; 80:e107-e108. [PMID: 37890725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
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Chen X, Dong S, Shi Y, Wu Z, Wu X, Zeng X, Yang X, Zhao Q, Xiao Z, Zhou Q. Biosensor-based multiple cross displacement amplification platform for visual and rapid identification of hepatitis C virus. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29481. [PMID: 38425184 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis C remains a global health problem, especially in poverty-stricken areas. A rapid and sensitive point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tool is critical for the early detection and timely treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Here, for the first time, we reported a novel molecular diagnostic assay, termed reverse transcription multiple cross displacement amplification integrated with a gold-nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor (RT-MCDA-AuNPs-LFB), which was developed for rapid, sensitive, specific, and visual identification of HCV. HCV-RT-MCDA induced rapid isothermal amplification through a specific primer set targeting the 5'untranslated region gene from the major HCV genotypes 1b, 2a, 3b, 6a, and 3a that are prevalent in China. The optimal reaction temperature and time for RT-MCDA-AuNPs-LFB were 68°C and 25 min, respectively. The limit of detection of the assay was 10 copies per test, and the specificity was 100% for the experimental strains. The whole detection procedure, including crude nucleic acid isolation (~5 min), RT-MCDA (68°C, 25 min), and visual AuNPs-LFB result confirmation (less than 2 min), was performed within 35 min. The preliminary results indicated that the HCV-RT-MCDA-AuNPs-LFB assay could be a valuable tool for sensitive, specific, visual, cost-saving, and rapid detection of HCV and has potential as a POC diagnostic platform for field screening and early clinical detection of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilei Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfang Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengguang Wu
- Department of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zeng
- Central Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinggui Yang
- Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxue Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Grebely J, Matthews S, Causer LM, Feld JJ, Cunningham P, Dore GJ, Applegate TL. We have reached single-visit testing, diagnosis, and treatment for hepatitis C infection, now what? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:177-191. [PMID: 38173401 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2292645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progress toward hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination is impeded by low testing and treatment due to the current diagnostic pathway requiring multiple visits leading to loss to follow-up. Point-of-care testing technologies capable of detecting current HCV infection in one hour are a 'game-changer.' These tests enable diagnosis and treatment in a single visit, overcoming the barrier of multiple visits that frequently leads to loss to follow-up. Combining point-of-care HCV antibody and RNA tests should improve cost-effectiveness, patient/provider acceptability, and testing efficiency. However, implementing HCV point-of-care testing programs at scale requires multiple considerations. AREAS COVERED This commentary explores the need for point-of-care HCV tests, diagnostic strategies to improve HCV testing, key considerations for implementing point-of-care HCV testing programs, and remaining challenges for point-of-care testing (including operator training, quality management, connectivity and reporting systems, regulatory approval processes, and the need for more efficient tests). EXPERT OPINION It is exciting that single-visit testing, diagnosis, and treatment for HCV infection have been achieved. Innovations afforded through COVID-19 should facilitate the accelerated development of low-cost, rapid, and accurate tests to improve HCV testing. The next challenge will be to address barriers and facilitators for implementing point-of-care testing to deliver them at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Grebely
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan Matthews
- Flinders University International Centre for Point-of-Care Testing, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Louise M Causer
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philip Cunningham
- Flinders University International Centre for Point-of-Care Testing, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gregory J Dore
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tanya L Applegate
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW State Reference Laboratory for HIV, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Vieira Teixeira S, Prates G, Marcondes Fonseca LA, Casseb J. Can Persistent Infections with Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Be Eradicated? AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2024; 40:127-133. [PMID: 37409405 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent viruses are hard to be eradicated, even using effective medications, and can persist for a long time in humans, sometimes regardless of treatment. Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and human T cell lymphotropic virus infections, the most common in our era, are still a challenge despite the increased knowledge about their biology. Most of them are highly pathogenic, some causing acute disease or, more often, leading to chronic persistent infections, and some of the occult, carrying a high risk of morbidity and mortality. However, if such infections were discovered early, they might be eradicated in the near future with effective medications and/or vaccines. This perspective review points out some specific characteristics of the most important chronic persistent viruses. It seems that in the next few years, these persistent viruses may have control by vaccination, epidemiological strategies, and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Vieira Teixeira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Prates
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Marcondes Fonseca
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Casseb
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Indolfi G, Easterbrook P, Giometto S, Malik F, Chou R, Lucenteforte E. Efficacy and safety of DAA in children and adolescents with chronic HCV infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Int 2024; 44:663-681. [PMID: 38293756 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of pan-genotypic regimens, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB), sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL), and sofosbuvir/daclatasvir (SOF/DCV) and other direct-acting antivirals (DAA) regimens for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected adolescents (12-18 years), older children (6-11 years), and young children (3-5 years). The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to inform the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. METHODS We included clinical trials and observational studies published up to August 11, 2021, that evaluated DAA regimens in HCV-infected adolescents, older children, and young children. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases and key conference abstracts. Sustained virological response 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12), adverse events (AEs), and treatment discontinuation were the outcomes evaluated. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the ROBINS-I tool. Data were pooled using random-effects models, and certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS A total of 49 studies including 1882 adolescents, 436 older children, and 166 young children were considered. The SVR12 was 100% (95% Confidence Interval: 96-100), 96% (90-100), and 96% (83-100) for GLE/PIB in adolescents, older, and young children, respectively; 95% (90-99), 93% (86-98), and 83% (70-93), for SOF/VEL, respectively; and 100% (97-100) and 100% (94-100) for SOF/DCV in adolescent and older children, respectively. There was a clear trend towards a higher rate of any reported AE from adolescents (50%), older children (53%), to young children (72%). Serious AEs and treatment discontinuations were uncommon in adolescents and older children (<1%) but slightly higher in young children (3%). CONCLUSIONS All three pan-genotypic DAA regimens were highly effective and well-tolerated and are now recommended by the WHO for use in adults, adolescents, and children down to 3 years, which will simplify procurement and supply chain management. The evidence was based largely on single-arm non-randomized controlled studies. Moreover, there were also missing data regarding key variables such as route of HCV acquisition, presence or absence of cirrhosis, or HIV co-infection that precluded evaluation of the impact of these factors on outcomes. PROSPERO RECORD CRD42020146752.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Indolfi
- Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Paediatric and Liver Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Firenze, Italy
| | - Philippa Easterbrook
- Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Giometto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Farihah Malik
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roger Chou
- Departments of Medicine, and Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ersilia Lucenteforte
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications «G. Parenti», University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Miuma S, Miyaaki H, Ichikawa T, Matsuzaki T, Goto T, Kamo Y, Shigeno M, Hino N, Ario K, Yanagi K, Tsutsumi T, Fukushima N, Nakashiki S, Yamasaki K, Hamasaki K, Shibata H, Arima K, Yamamichi S, Yamashima M, Takahashi K, Nakao Y, Fukushima M, Haraguchi M, Sasaki R, Ozawa E, Taura N, Nakao K. Non-liver-related mortality in the DAA era: Insights from post-SVR patients with and without previous HCC history. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29432. [PMID: 38509793 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mortality after sustained virological response (SVR) with interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (IFN-free DAA) therapy is crucial for optimizing post-SVR patient care, but it remains unclear, especially regarding non-liver-related mortality. METHODS Consecutive post-SVR patients from 14 institutions were stratified into three cohorts: A (without advanced fibrosis and without prior HCC), B (with advanced fibrosis and without prior HCC), and C (curative HCC treatment). We assessed mortality (per 1000 person-years [/1000PY]) post-SVR. Mortality rates were compared between cohorts A and B and the general population using age- and sex-adjusted standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Comparison of survival between each cohort was performed using propensity-score (PS) matching with sex, age, and comorbidity. RESULTS In cohort A (n = 762; median age, 65 years), 22 patients died (median follow-up, 36 months); all-cause mortality was 10.0/1000PY, with 86.4% non-liver-related deaths. In cohort B (n = 519; median age, 73 years), 27 patients died (median follow-up, 39 months); all-cause mortality was 16.7/1000PY, with 88.9% non-liver-related deaths. In both cohorts, malignant neoplasm was the most common cause of death; all-cause mortality was comparable to that of the general population (SMR: 0.96 and 0.92). In cohort C (n = 108; median age, 75 years), 15 patients died (median follow-up, 51 months); all-cause mortality was 36.0/1000PY, with 53.3% liver-related deaths. PS matching showed no significant survival differences between cohorts A and B, both of which had better survival than cohort C. CONCLUSIONS Mortality varies based on HCC history in the DAA era; nevertheless, attention should be paid to non-liver-related deaths in all post-SVR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Miuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Miyaaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Ichikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center City Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Matsuzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sasebo City General Medical Center, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Takashi Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagasaki Rosai Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hakujujikai Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Masaya Shigeno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hino
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Ureshino Medical Center, Ureshino, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ario
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Ureshino Medical Center, Ureshino, Japan
| | - Kenji Yanagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nijigaoka Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsutsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nijigaoka Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazufumi Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Francis Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Hidetaka Shibata
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shibata Chokodo Hospital, Shimabara, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Arima
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinobu Yamamichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center City Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mio Yamashima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center City Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masanori Fukushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Koebaru Chuo Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masafumi Haraguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryu Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ozawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naota Taura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Chakraborty S, Zhu J, Gack MU. Atypical activation of the RNA sensor MDA5 by hepatitis C virus. FEBS J 2024; 291:1115-1118. [PMID: 38102741 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant human pathogen that can cause a number of serious diseases including chronic inflammation of the liver, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. A key enzyme in the HCV life cycle is the nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), which functions as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) responsible for replicating the viral RNA genome. In their recent study, Dansako and colleagues showed that HCV NS5B induces type I interferon via activation of the RNA receptor MDA5, an activity that was dependent on the RdRp enzymatic activity but independent of viral RNA replication. Their data further indicated that the NS5B enzymes of HCV and the related GB virus-B produce cellular double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) species with potential immunostimulatory activity. These findings unveil an unconventional mechanism of activation of MDA5-mediated host immunity by viral RdRp enzymes, which is expected to spur new research directions in viral immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Chakraborty
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Junji Zhu
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Michaela U Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
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Chang ML, Cheng JS, Chen WT, Hsu CW, Chen KH, Chen YC, Chien RN. Long-term renal function alterations in hepatitis C patients with SVRs: Impacts of therapies and mixed cryoglobulinemia. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:486-494. [PMID: 38280352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND / AIMS Effects of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapeutic regimens and mixed cryoglobulinemia on long-term renal function of HCV-infected patients with viral clearance have not been determined. METHODS/MATERIALS A prospective 10-year cohort study of 1212 HCV-infected patients (interferon-based therapy, n = 615; direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy, n = 434) was conducted. RESULTS At baseline, age, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (Hb) and uric acid (UA) levels, and fibrosis-4 score were associated with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) in HCV-infected patients. At 24 weeks posttherapy, age, BMI, and Hb and UA levels were associated with eGFRs in patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) (n = 930). Compared with those at baseline, the eGFRs were lower in SVR patients at 24 weeks posttherapy, regardless of the therapeutic regimen. The eGFRs reverted to baseline levels in interferon-treated SVR patients up to 10 years posttherapy but remained decreased in DAA-treated SVR patients up to 4 years posttherapy. Longitudinally, repeated measures analyses with generalized estimating equations showed that the interactions between DAA-based therapy and mixed cryoglobulinemia (OR: 3.291) and Hb levels (1.778) were positively, while DAA-based therapy (0.442), age (0.956), UA levels (0.698), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (0.961) and complement 4 levels (0.9395) were negatively associated with the eGFR. Among DAA-treated SVR patients, the baseline eGFR (OR: 1.014; 95%CI OR: 1.004-1.023) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HR: 1.082; 95%CI HR: 1.018-1.15) were associated with eGFR reduction at 24 weeks and 4 years posttherapy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic fibrosis was an HCV-related factor for renal function. Longitudinally, DAA therapy was negatively, while the interaction between DAA therapy and mixed cryoglobulinemia was positively associated with renal function in SVR patients; deteriorated renal function was recovered in interferon-treated SVR patients. Particularly in DAA-treated SVR patients, baseline renal function and systemic inflammation were associated with short- and long-term reductions in renal function, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ling Chang
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Jur-Shan Cheng
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Hsu
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Chen
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Chien
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Zhang Y, Guo W, Zhan Z, Bai O. Carcinogenic mechanisms of virus-associated lymphoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1361009. [PMID: 38482011 PMCID: PMC10932979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of lymphoma is a complex multistep process that integrates numerous experimental findings and clinical data that have not yet yielded a definitive explanation. Studies of oncogenic viruses can help to deepen insight into the pathogenesis of lymphoma, and identifying associations between lymphoma and viruses that are established and unidentified should lead to cellular and pharmacologically targeted antiviral strategies for treating malignant lymphoma. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of lymphomas associated with hepatitis B and C, Epstein-Barr, and human immunodeficiency viruses as well as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus to clarify the current status of basic information and recent advances in the development of virus-associated lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ou Bai
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Yang R, Yuan R, Gui X, Ke H, Zhuang K, Hu H, Li L, Feng L, Yu X, Yan Y, Luo M. Characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Syphilis Coinfection in People With HIV/AIDS Contracted Through Different Sources: Retrospective Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e46750. [PMID: 38412004 PMCID: PMC10933743 DOI: 10.2196/46750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis coinfections remains disproportionately high among people living with HIV/AIDS. Hubei province is located in central China, where there are distinct regional characteristics of the distribution of people living with HIV/AIDS acquired via diverse transmission routes and the AIDS epidemic itself. OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate the magnitude of HBV, HCV, or syphilis coinfections among people living with HIV/AIDS with blood-borne transmission, which includes former paid blood donors, contaminated blood recipients, and intravenous drug users, as well as among people with sex-borne HIV transmission (including heterosexual people and men who have sex with men) and people with mother-to-child HIV transmission. METHODS From January 2010 to December 2020, people living with HIV/AIDS were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV antibodies, and syphilis-specific antibodies. The positive patients were further tested for HBV markers, HBV DNA, and HCV RNA, and received a rapid plasma reagin circle card test. All people living with HIV/AIDS were first divided into transmission groups (blood, sex, and mother-to-child); then, people with blood-borne HIV transmission were divided into former paid blood donors, contaminated blood recipients, and intravenous drug users, while people with sex-borne HIV transmission were divided into heterosexual people and men who have sex with men. RESULTS Among 6623 people living with HIV/AIDS, rates of chronic HCV infection were 80.3% (590/735) in former paid blood donors, 73.3% (247/337) in intravenous drug users, 57.1% (444/777) in contaminated blood recipients, 19.4% (21/108) in people with mother-to-child HIV transmission, 8.1% (240/2975) in heterosexual people, and 1.2% (21/1691) in men who have sex with men. Chronic HBV infection rates were similar among all people with blood-borne HIV transmission. However, compared to heterosexual people, the chronic HBV infection rate was greater in men who have sex with men (213/1691, 12.6% vs 308/2975, 10.4%; χ21=5.469; P=.02), although HBV exposure was less common (827/1691, 48.9% vs 1662/2975, 55.9%; χ21=20.982; P<.001). Interestingly, the combination of HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was found in 11 patients with sex-borne HIV transmission, but in 0 people with blood-borne HIV transmission (11/196, 5.6% vs 0/521, 0%; χ21=29.695, P<.001). In people with sex-borne HIV transmission, the proportions of patients with a syphilis titer ≥1:16 and neurosyphilis were 8.6% (105/1227) and 7.8% (37/473), respectively, whereas these values were 0 in people with blood-borne HIV transmission. CONCLUSIONS In people living with HIV/AIDS, HCV transmission intensity was significantly associated with specific exposure modes of blood or sexual contact. The rate of chronic HBV infection among men who have sex with men was higher than in any other population. Attention should be paid to the high prevalence of neurosyphilis in people living with HIV/AIDS who contract HIV by sexual intercourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for AIDS Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xien Gui
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for AIDS Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hengning Ke
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for AIDS Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Zhuang
- Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for AIDS Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for AIDS Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingxia Yu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajun Yan
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for AIDS Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingqi Luo
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for AIDS Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Collazos J, Asensi V. Non-invasive liver fibrosis markers in the evaluation of fibrosis regression after direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae095. [PMID: 38394618 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Collazos
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de Galdácano-Usansolo, Galdácano. Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Víctor Asensi
- Infectious Diseases-HIV Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Group, FINBA-ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
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Andaloro S, Mancuso F, Miele L, Addolorato G, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Effect of Low-Dose Alcohol Consumption on Chronic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:613. [PMID: 38474740 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although alcohol is one of the most important etiologic agents in the development of chronic liver disease worldwide, also recognized as a promoter of carcinogenesis, several studies have shown a beneficial effect of moderate consumption in terms of reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Whether this benefit is also present in patients with liver disease due to other causes (viral, metabolic, and others) is still debated. Although there is no clear evidence emerging from guidelines and scientific literature, total abstention from drinking is usually prescribed in clinical practice. In this review, we highlight the results of the most recent evidence on this controversial topic, in order to understand the effect of mild alcohol use in this category of individuals. The quantification of alcohol intake, the composition of the tested populations, and the discrepancy between different works in relation to the outcomes represent important limitations emerging from the scientific literature. In patients with NAFLD, a beneficial effect is demonstrated only in a few works. Even if there is limited evidence in patients affected by chronic viral hepatitis, a clear deleterious effect of drinking in determining disease progression in a dose-dependent manner emerges. Poor data are available about more uncommon pathologies such as hemochromatosis. Overall, based on available data, it is not possible to establish a safe threshold for alcohol intake in patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Andaloro
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancuso
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Department of Abdominal, Endocrine and Metabolic Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Liver Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Addolorato
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Columbus-Gemelli Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Roussos S, Angelopoulos T, Cholongitas E, Savvanis S, Papadopoulos N, Kapatais A, Chounta A, Ioannidou P, Deutsch M, Manolakopoulos S, Sevastianos V, Papageorgiou MV, Vlachogiannakos I, Mela M, Elefsiniotis I, Vrakas S, Karagiannakis D, Pliarchopoulou F, Chaikalis S, Tsirogianni E, Psichogiou M, Kalamitsis G, Leobilla F, Paraskevis D, Malliori M, Goulis I, Papatheodoridis G, Hatzakis A, Sypsa V. High levels of all-cause mortality among people who inject drugs from 2018 to 2022. Int J Drug Policy 2024; 126:104356. [PMID: 38394950 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality among people who inject drugs (PWID) is high, with overdose and HIV infection being the main causes of death. In Greece, there have been no data on mortality, and two HIV outbreaks have been recorded in this population in the past decade. In this study, we aim to estimate the all-cause crude mortality rate and the standardised mortality ratio in this population during 2018-2022. METHODS PWID recruited from two community-based programs in Athens and Thessaloniki during 2018-2021 were interviewed and tested for HIV/HCV. Data on vital status (deceased/alive) and date of death were obtained from death registries through December 31, 2022. All-cause crude mortality rates (CMR) and standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were estimated. Determinants of mortality were assessed using Cox proportional-hazards model. RESULTS Of 2,530 participants, 301 died over 8,543 person-years (PYs) of follow-up. The CMR (95 % CI) was 3.52 (3.15-3.94) deaths per 100 PYs; 3.10 per 100 PYs (2.68-3.58) in Athens and 4.48 per 100 PYs (3.74-5.37) in Thessaloniki. An increasing trend in CMR was identified over 2018-2022 in Athens (from 2.90 to 4.11 per 100 PYs, 41.5 % increase, p = 0.018). The pooled SMR (95 % CI) was 15.86 (14.17-17.76) for both cities and was particularly increased in younger individuals, females, those injecting daily, not enrolled to opioid agonist treatment and HIV-infected individuals. Older age, living in Thessaloniki, Greek origin, homelessness, history of injection in the past 12 months, and HIV infection were independently associated with higher risk of death. CONCLUSION Mortality among PWID in the two largest cities (Athens and Thessaloniki) in Greece in 2018-2022 was high, with the population in Thessaloniki being particularly affected. The increasing trend in mortality in Athens may reflect the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Preventive programs such as take-home naloxone, screening and treatment for HIV, are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Roussos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Angelopoulos
- Gastroenterology Resident, Gastroenterology Department, G.H.A. Korgialeneio Mpenakeio Hellenic Red Cross, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Cholongitas
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Savvanis
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Elpis", Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, 401 General Army Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Kapatais
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Western Attica General Hospital "Agia Varvara", Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Chounta
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital "Attikon", Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Ioannidou
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
| | - Melani Deutsch
- 2nd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Spilios Manolakopoulos
- 2nd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria-Vasiliki Papageorgiou
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vlachogiannakos
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Mela
- Department of Gastroenterology, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Elefsiniotis
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hepatogastroenterology, "Agioi Anargyroi" General and Oncology Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Vrakas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tzaneion General Hospital of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Karagiannakis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
| | - Fani Pliarchopoulou
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital "Attikon", Athens, Greece
| | - Savvas Chaikalis
- Hellenic Scientific Society for the Study of AIDS, Sexually Transmitted and Emerging Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Effrosyni Tsirogianni
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokratio Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mina Psichogiou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Paraskevis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Meni Malliori
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Goulis
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokratio Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Papatheodoridis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Hatzakis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Hellenic Scientific Society for the Study of AIDS, Sexually Transmitted and Emerging Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Vana Sypsa
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Sadiq S, Anwar MZ, Shafique H, Manzoor SM, Shoaib S, Hamid R, Hashmi SN, Ashraf NM, Afsar T, Bhat MA, Razak S. Determination of IL-6 Gene Promoter Polymorphism in Patients with Hepatitis C and Its Impact on RNA Secondary Structure. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:368. [PMID: 38541094 PMCID: PMC10971966 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A polymorphism in the promoter region of the IL-6 gene would influence the level of IL-6 expression in patients with HCV, resulting in a pro-inflammatory response. Few studies have shown the association between -174G>C (rs1800795) and -1363G>T (rs2069827) polymorphisms and HCV infection, and their results have been contradictory. There are no data published in our population to study such an IL-6 stimulus against HCV infection and its impact on RNA secondary structure. Therefore, we isolated human subjects from the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The objective was to screen for IL-6 gene promoter polymorphisms -174G/C and -1363G/T and those correlated with serum concentrations of IL-6 in patients with HCV and compared with a control. Materials and Methods: In conventional PCR, measurement of serum IL-6 by CLIA and statistical analysis were performed to observe the genotype association studies. By integrating bioinformatics and computational tools, our study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how variations in the promoter region of IL-6 may have functional implications on gene expression. Results: The -174G>C and -1363G>T genotypes in the promoter region of patients with HCV were in strong allelic association (Δ = 0.97, p < 0.001). Interestingly, the bioinformatics analysis was well aligned with our experimental data. Conclusions: Based on the data, it can be inferred that IL-6 gene promoter polymorphisms are important in the dysregulation of IL-6 levels in patients with HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sadiq
- Combined Military Hospital, Khariyan Medical College, Gujrat 49600, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Mohammad Zeeshan Anwar
- Combined Military Hospital, Khariyan Medical College, Gujrat 49600, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Syed Mohsin Manzoor
- Combined Military Hospital, Khariyan Medical College, Gujrat 49600, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Shaiza Shoaib
- Combined Military Hospital, Khariyan Medical College, Gujrat 49600, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Rabia Hamid
- Combined Military Hospital, Khariyan Medical College, Gujrat 49600, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Shoaib Naiyer Hashmi
- Combined Military Hospital, Khariyan Medical College, Gujrat 49600, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
- School of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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50
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Yang D, Zhang C, Chen Y, Lu J, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Chai F, Zhang Z, Wang F, Zhu B. Distribution of hepatitis C virus in eastern China from 2011 to 2020: a Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1282575. [PMID: 38450135 PMCID: PMC10914966 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1282575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the factors influencing this distribution in Jiangsu Province, China, from 2011 to 2020. Methods The incidence of reported HCV in Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2020 was obtained from the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP). R and GeoDa software were used to visualize the spatiotemporal distribution and the spatial autocorrelation of HCV. A Bayesian spatiotemporal model was constructed to explore the spatiotemporal distribution of HCV in Jiangsu Province and to further analyze the factors related to HCV. Results A total of 31,778 HCV patients were registered in Jiangsu Province. The registered incidence rate of HCV increased from 2.60/100,000 people in 2011 to 4.96/100,000 people in 2020, an increase of 190.77%. Moran's I ranged from 0.099 to 0.354 (P < 0.05) from 2011 to 2019, indicating a positive spatial correlation overall. The relative risk (RR) of the urbanization rate, the most important factor affecting the spread of HCV in Jiangsu Province, was 1.254 (95% confidence interval: 1.141-1.376), while other factors had no significance. Conclusion The reported HCV incidence rate integrally increased in the whole Jiangsu Province, whereas the spatial aggregation of HCV incidence was gradually weakening. Our study highlighted the importance of health education for the floating population and reasonable allocation of medical resources in the future health work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of the Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanfeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuheng Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunting Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Chai
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of the Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Furu Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of the Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of the Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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