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Heo M, Norton BL, Pericot-Valverde I, Mehta SH, Tsui JI, Taylor LE, Lum PJ, Feinberg J, Kim AY, Arnsten JH, Sprecht-Walsh S, Page K, Murray-Krezan C, Anderson J, Litwin AH. Optimal hepatitis C treatment adherence patterns and sustained virologic response among people who inject drugs: The HERO study. J Hepatol 2024; 80:702-713. [PMID: 38242324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are highly effective for treating HCV infection even among people who inject drugs (PWID). Yet, little is known about patients' adherence patterns and their association with sustained virologic response (SVR) rates. We aimed to summarize various adherence patterns and determine their associations with SVR. METHODS Electronic blister packs were used to measure daily adherence to once-a-day sofosbuvir/velpatasvir during the 12-week treatment period among active PWIDs. Blister pack data were available for 496 participants who initiated DAAs for whom SVR status was known. Adherence was summarized in multiple patterns, such as total adherent days, consecutive missed days, and early discontinuations. Thresholds for adherence patterns associated with >90% SVR rates were also determined. RESULTS The overall SVR rate was 92.7%, with a median adherence rate of 75%. All adherence patterns indicating greater adherence were significantly associated with achieving SVR. Participant groups with ≥50% (>42/84) adherent days or <26 consecutive missed days achieved an SVR rate of >90%. Greater total adherent days during 9-12 weeks and no early discontinuation were significantly associated with higher SVR rates only in those with <50% adherence. Participants with first month discontinuation and ≥2 weeks of treatment interruption had low SVR rates, 25% and 85%, respectively. However, greater adherent days were significantly associated with SVR (adjusted odds ratio 1.10; 95% CI 1.04-1.16; p <0.001) even among participants with ≥14 consecutive missed days. CONCLUSIONS High SVR rates can be achieved in the PWID population despite suboptimal adherence. Encouraging patients to take as much medication as possible, with <2 weeks consecutive missed days and without early discontinuation, was found to be important for achieving SVR. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS People who inject drugs can be cured of HCV in >90% of cases, even with relatively low adherence to direct-acting antivirals, but early discontinuations and long treatment interruptions can significantly reduce the likelihood of achieving cure. Clinicians should encourage people who inject drugs who are living with HCV to adhere daily to direct-acting antivirals as consistently as possible, but if any days are interrupted, to continue and complete treatment. These results from the HERO study are important for patients living with HCV, clinicians, experts writing clinical guidelines, and payers. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT02824640.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonseong Heo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29605, USA.
| | - Brianna L Norton
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 3330 Kossuth Avenue Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Irene Pericot-Valverde
- Department of Psychology, College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E6546, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Judith I Tsui
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 325 9th Ave., Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Avedesian Hall, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Paula J Lum
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and San Francisco General Hospital, 2540 23rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Judith Feinberg
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, and Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 930 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julia H Arnsten
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 3330 Kossuth Avenue Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Page
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico MSC 10 5550, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Cristina Murray-Krezan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Meyran Avenue, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jessica Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico MSC 10 5550, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Alain H Litwin
- School of Health Research, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29605, USA; Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 876 W Faris Rd, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; Department of Medicine, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC 29605, USA.
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Kim AY, Woo W, Saxena A, Tanidir IC, Yao A, Kurniawati Y, Thakur V, Shin YR, Shin JI, Jung JW, Barron DJ. Treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Cardiol Young 2024; 34:659-666. [PMID: 37724575 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951123002986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis aimed to consolidate existing data from randomised controlled trials on hypoplastic left heart syndrome. METHODS Hypoplastic left heart syndrome specific randomised controlled trials published between January 2005 and September 2021 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were included. Regardless of clinical outcomes, we included all randomised controlled trials about hypoplastic left heart syndrome and categorised them according to their results. Two reviewers independently assessed for eligibility, relevance, and data extraction. The primary outcome was mortality after Norwood surgery. Study quality and heterogeneity were assessed. A random-effects model was used for analysis. RESULTS Of the 33 included randomised controlled trials, 21 compared right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt and modified Blalock-Taussig-Thomas shunt during the Norwood procedure, and 12 regarded medication, surgical strategy, cardiopulmonary bypass tactics, and ICU management. Survival rates up to 1 year were superior in the right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt group; this difference began to disappear at 3 years and remained unchanged until 6 years. The right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt group had a significantly higher reintervention rate from the interstage to the 6-year follow-up period. Right ventricular function was better in the modified Blalock-Taussig-Thomas shunt group 1-3 years after the Norwood procedure, but its superiority diminished in the 6-year follow-up. Randomised controlled trials regarding medical treatment, surgical strategy during cardiopulmonary bypass, and ICU management yielded insignificant results. CONCLUSIONS Although right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt appeared to be superior in the early period, the two shunts applied during the Norwood procedure demonstrated comparable long-term prognosis despite high reintervention rates in right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt due to pulmonary artery stenosis. For medical/perioperative management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, further randomised controlled trials are needed to deliver specific evidence-based recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Kim
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W Woo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - A Saxena
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - I C Tanidir
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Yao
- Department of Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Kurniawati
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - V Thakur
- Department of Pediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Y R Shin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J I Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Severance Underwood Meta-research Center, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J W Jung
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D J Barron
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Mohareb AM, Kouamé MG, Nouaman M, Kim AY, Larmarange J, Neilan AM, Lacombe K, Freedberg KA, Boyd A, Coffie P, Hyle EP. What does the scale-up of long-acting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis mean for the global hepatitis B epidemic? J Int AIDS Soc 2024; 27:e26218. [PMID: 38444112 PMCID: PMC10935702 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) epidemics are interconnected with shared routes of transmission and specific antiviral drugs that are effective against both viruses. Nearly, 300 million people around the world live with chronic HBV, many of whom are from priority populations who could benefit from HIV prevention services. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV has implications in the prevention and treatment of HBV infection, but many people at increased risk of HIV acquisition may instead prefer long-acting formulations of PrEP, which are currently not active against HBV. DISCUSSION People at increased risk for HIV acquisition may also be at risk for or already be living with HBV infection. Oral PrEP with tenofovir is effective in preventing both HIV and HBV, and tenofovir is also the recommended treatment for chronic HBV infection. Although implementation of oral PrEP has been challenging in sub-Saharan Africa, investments in its scale-up could secondarily reduce the clinical impact of HBV. Long-acting PrEP, including injectable medicines and implantable rings, may overcome some of the implementation challenges associated with oral PrEP, such as daily pill burden, adherence challenges and stigma; however, current formulations of long-acting PrEP do not have activity against HBV replication. Ideally, PrEP programmes would offer both oral and long-acting formulations with HBV screening to optimize HIV prevention services and HBV prevention and care, when appropriate. People who are not immune to HBV would benefit from being vaccinated against HBV before initiating long-acting PrEP. People who remain non-immune to HBV despite vaccination may benefit from being offered oral, tenofovir-based PrEP given its potential for HBV PrEP. People using PrEP and living with HBV who are not linked to dedicated HBV care would also benefit from laboratory monitoring at PrEP sites to ensure safety when using and after stopping tenofovir. PrEP programmes are ideal venues to offer HBV screening, HBV vaccination for people who are non-immune and treatment with tenofovir-based PrEP for people with indications for HBV therapy. CONCLUSIONS Long-acting PrEP holds promise for reducing HIV incidence, but its implications for the HBV epidemic, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M. Mohareb
- Medical Practice Evaluation CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Infectious DiseasesMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard University Center for AIDS ResearchBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Menan Gérard Kouamé
- Département de Santé PubliqueUFR d'Odonto‐stomatologieUniversité Félix Houphouët BoignyAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Marcellin Nouaman
- Département de Santé PubliqueUFR d'Odonto‐stomatologieUniversité Félix Houphouët BoignyAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Arthur Y. Kim
- Division of Infectious DiseasesMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard University Center for AIDS ResearchBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joseph Larmarange
- Centre Population et DéveloppementUniversité Paris Cité, IRD, InsermParisFrance
| | - Anne M. Neilan
- Medical Practice Evaluation CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Infectious DiseasesMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard University Center for AIDS ResearchBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of General Academic PediatricsDepartment of PediatricsMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Karine Lacombe
- Sorbonne Université, IPLESPParisFrance
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSt. Antoine Hospital, AP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Kenneth A. Freedberg
- Medical Practice Evaluation CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Infectious DiseasesMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard University Center for AIDS ResearchBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of General Internal MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Anders Boyd
- Stichting HIV MonitoringAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPublic Health Service of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Infectious DiseasesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious DiseasesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Patrick Coffie
- Département de Santé PubliqueUFR d'Odonto‐stomatologieUniversité Félix Houphouët BoignyAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
- Département de Dermatologie et InfectiologieUniversité Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Emily P. Hyle
- Medical Practice Evaluation CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Infectious DiseasesMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard University Center for AIDS ResearchBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Lopes SS, Pericot-Valverde I, Lum PJ, Taylor LE, Mehta SH, Tsui JI, Feinberg J, Kim AY, Norton BL, Page K, Murray-Krezan C, Anderson J, Karasz A, Arnsten J, Moschella P, Heo M, Litwin AH. Overreporting of adherence to hepatitis C direct-acting antiviral therapy and sustained virologic response among people who inject drugs in the HERO study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:251. [PMID: 38395747 PMCID: PMC10893697 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-reported adherence to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) among persons who inject drugs (PWID) is often an overreport of objectively measured adherence. The association of such overreporting with sustained virologic response (SVR) is understudied. This study among PWID aimed to determine a threshold of overreporting adherence that optimally predicts lower SVR rates, and to explore correlates of the optimal overreporting threshold. METHODS This study analyzed per-protocol data of participants with adherence data (N = 493) from the HERO (Hepatitis C Real Options) study. Self-reported and objective adherence to a 12-week DAA regimen were measured using visual analogue scales and electronic blister packs, respectively. The difference (Δ) between self-reported and objectively measured adherence was calculated. We used the Youden index based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to identify an optimal threshold of overreporting for predicting lower SVR rates. Factors associated with the optimal threshold of overreporting were identified by comparing baseline characteristics between participants at/above versus those below the threshold. RESULTS The self-reported, objective, and Δ adherence averages were 95.1% (SD = 8.9), 75.9% (SD = 16.3), and 19.2% (SD = 15.2), respectively. The ≥ 25% overreporting threshold was determined to be optimal. The SVR rate was lower for ≥ 25% vs. < 25% overreporting (86.7% vs. 95.8%, p <.001). The factors associated with ≥ 25% Δ adherence were unemployment; higher number of days and times/day of injecting drugs; higher proportion of positive urine drug screening for amphetamine, methamphetamine, and oxycodone, and negative urine screening for THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)/cannabis. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported DAA adherence was significantly greater than objectively measured adherence among PWID by 19.2%. Having ≥ 25% overreported adherence was associated with optimal prediction of lower SVR rates. PWID with risk factors for high overreporting may need to be more intensively managed to promote actual adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal S Lopes
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, 29634, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Irene Pericot-Valverde
- Department of Psychology, College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, Clemson University, 29634, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Paula J Lum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 94110, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, 02881, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E6546, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judith I Tsui
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 325 9th Ave, 98104, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Judith Feinberg
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 930 Chestnut Ridge Road, 26505, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, 26506, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, 02114, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brianna L Norton
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 10467, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly Page
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico, MSC 10, 5550, 87131, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Cristina Murray-Krezan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico, MSC 10, 5550, 87131, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Alison Karasz
- UMass Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, 01605, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Julia Arnsten
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 10467, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Phillip Moschella
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC, USA
- School of Health Research, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 876 W Faris Rd, 29605, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Moonseong Heo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, 29634, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Alain H Litwin
- School of Health Research, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 876 W Faris Rd, 29605, Greenville, SC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Prisma Health, 29605, Greenville, SC, USA.
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Cui A, Li B, Wallace MS, Gonye ALK, Oetheimer C, Patel H, Tonnerre P, Holmes JA, Lieb D, Yao BS, Ma A, Roberts K, Damasio M, Chen JH, Piou D, Carlton-Smith C, Brown J, Mylvaganam R, Hon Fung JM, Sade-Feldman M, Aneja J, Gustafson J, Epstein ET, Salloum S, Brisac C, Thabet A, Kim AY, Lauer GM, Hacohen N, Chung RT, Alatrakchi N. Single-cell atlas of the liver myeloid compartment before and after cure of chronic viral hepatitis. J Hepatol 2024; 80:251-267. [PMID: 36972796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic viral infections present serious public health challenges; however, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are now able to cure nearly all patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), representing the only cure of a human chronic viral infection to date. DAAs provide a valuable opportunity to study immune pathways in the reversal of chronic immune failures in an in vivo human system. METHODS To leverage this opportunity, we used plate-based single-cell RNA-seq to deeply profile myeloid cells from liver fine needle aspirates in patients with HCV before and after DAA treatment. We comprehensively characterised liver neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, conventional dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, classical monocytes, non-classical monocytes, and macrophages, and defined fine-grained subpopulations of several cell types. RESULTS We discovered cell type-specific changes post-cure, including an increase in MCM7+STMN1+ proliferating CD1C+ conventional dendritic cells, which may support restoration from chronic exhaustion. We observed an expected downregulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) post-cure as well as an unexpected inverse relationship between pre-treatment viral load and post-cure ISG expression in each cell type, revealing a link between viral loads and sustained modifications of the host's immune system. We found an upregulation of PD-L1/L2 gene expression in ISG-high neutrophils and IDO1 expression in eosinophils, pinpointing cell subpopulations crucial for immune regulation. We identified three recurring gene programmes shared by multiple cell types, distilling core functions of the myeloid compartment. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive single-cell RNA-seq atlas of human liver myeloid cells in response to cure of chronic viral infections reveals principles of liver immunity and provides immunotherapeutic insights. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02476617). IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Chronic viral liver infections continue to be a major public health problem. Single-cell characterisation of liver immune cells during hepatitis C and post-cure provides unique insights into the architecture of liver immunity contributing to the resolution of the first curable chronic viral infection of humans. Multiple layers of innate immune regulation during chronic infections and persistent immune modifications after cure are revealed. Researchers and clinicians may leverage these findings to develop methods to optimise the post-cure environment for HCV and develop novel therapeutic approaches for other chronic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Cui
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Bo Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard University Virology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Wallace
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna L K Gonye
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Oetheimer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hailey Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierre Tonnerre
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U976 (HIPI), Team ATIP-Avenir, Paris, France
| | - Jacinta A Holmes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Lieb
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brianna S Yao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aileen Ma
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kela Roberts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marcos Damasio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan H Chen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daphnee Piou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Carlton-Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joelle Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ravi Mylvaganam
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jasneet Aneja
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenna Gustafson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eliana T Epstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shadi Salloum
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia Brisac
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashraf Thabet
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nadia Alatrakchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mohareb AM, Kim AY, Boyd A, Noubary F, Kouamé MG, Anglaret X, Coffie PA, Eholie SP, Freedberg KA, Hyle EP. Virological, serological and clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: development and validation of the HEPA-B simulation model. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e073498. [PMID: 38216186 PMCID: PMC10806737 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Detailed simulation models are needed to assess strategies for prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the world's leading cause of liver disease. We sought to develop and validate a simulation model of chronic HBV that incorporates virological, serological and clinical outcomes. METHODS We developed a novel Monte Carlo simulation model (the HEPA-B Model) detailing the natural history of chronic HBV. We parameterised the model with epidemiological data from the Western Pacific and sub-Saharan Africa. We simulated the evolution of HBV DNA, 'e' antigen (HBeAg) and surface antigen (HBsAg). We projected incidence of HBeAg loss, HBsAg loss, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and death over 10-year and lifetime horizons. We stratified outcomes by five HBV DNA categories at the time of HBeAg loss, ranging from HBV DNA<300 copies/mL to >106 copies/mL. We tested goodness of fit using intraclass coefficients (ICC). RESULTS Model-projected incidence of HBeAg loss was 5.18% per year over lifetime (ICC, 0.969 (95% CI: 0.728 to 0.990)). For people in HBeAg-negative phases of infection, model-projected HBsAg loss ranged from 0.78% to 3.34% per year depending on HBV DNA level (ICC, 0.889 (95% CI: 0.542 to 0.959)). Model-projected incidence of cirrhosis was 0.29-2.09% per year (ICC, 0.965 (95% CI: 0.942 to 0.979)) and HCC incidence was 0.06-1.65% per year (ICC, 0.977 (95% CI: 0.962 to 0.986)). Over a lifetime simulation of HBV disease, mortality rates were higher for people with older age, higher HBV DNA level and liver-related complications, consistent with observational studies. CONCLUSIONS We simulated HBV DNA-stratified clinical outcomes with the novel HEPA-B Model and validated them to observational data. This model can be used to examine strategies of HBV prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Mohareb
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anders Boyd
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Farzad Noubary
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University - Boston Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Xavier Anglaret
- Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick A Coffie
- Programme PAC-CI, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Département de Médecines et Spécialités Médicales, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Serge Paul Eholie
- Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny Unite de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences Medicales, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Kenneth A Freedberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily P Hyle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Lopes SS, Pericot-Valverde I, Arnsten J, Lum PJ, Taylor LE, Mehta SH, Tsui JI, Feinberg J, Kim AY, Norton BL, Page K, Murray-Krezan C, Anderson J, Moschella P, Heo M, Litwin AH. Self-reported and measured adherence to hepatitis C direct-acting antiviral therapy and sustained virologic response among people who inject drugs: The HERO study. Int J Drug Policy 2024; 123:104288. [PMID: 38103458 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objective adherence measures, such as electronic blister pack (BP), for direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment have high accuracy, but their use is limited in real practice settings. We examined the association of self-reported adherence using a visual analogue scale (VAS) with objective BP adherence and sustained virologic response (SVR) among people who inject drugs. METHODS We conducted secondary analyses using a subset of participants (N = 493) from the per-protocol sample of the HERO study, a pragmatic randomized trial of HCV treatment interventions that used both VAS and BP to measure adherence to a 12-week sofosbuvir/velpatasvir DAA regimen. Multivariable mixed-effects regression models tested the association of self-report adherence level with longitudinal weekly objective adherence. Multivariable logistic regression tested the association of self-report adherence with SVR. RESULTS The average VAS and BP adherences were 95.1 % (SD = 8.9 %) and 76.0 % (16.0 %), respectively, and the proportion of the participants achieving SVR was 92.9 %. The estimated adjusted mean objective adherence was significantly different (-16 %; 95 % CI: -22 %, -11 %, p < .001) between participants with 100 % and <80 % VAS adherence. The likelihood of SVR was significantly lower for those with <80 % VAS adherence [adjusted OR = 0.07; 95 % CI: 0.02, 0.24; p < .001] compared to those with 100 %. CONCLUSION Self-reported adherence overestimated objective adherence. However, higher self-report adherence was significantly associated with higher objective adherence. Also, self-reported adherence ≥80 % was significantly associated with SVR. Thus, the self-report measure has utility as a monitoring tool for adherence during DAA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal S Lopes
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Irene Pericot-Valverde
- Department of Psychology, College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Julia Arnsten
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Paula J Lum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615N. Wolfe Street, Room E6546, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Judith I Tsui
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 325 9th Ave., Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Judith Feinberg
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 930 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 930 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brianna L Norton
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Kimberly Page
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico MSC 10 5550, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Cristina Murray-Krezan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jessica Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico MSC 10 5550, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Phillip Moschella
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC, USA; School of Health Research, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 876W Faris Rd, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Moonseong Heo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Alain H Litwin
- School of Health Research, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 876W Faris Rd, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; Department of Medicine, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC, USA.
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8
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Batchelder AW, Heo M, Foley JD, Sullivan MC, Lum P, Pericot Valverde I, Taylor LE, Mehta SH, Kim AY, Norton B, Tsui JI, Feinberg J, Page K, Litwin AH. Shame and stigma in association with the HCV cascade to cure among people who inject drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 253:111013. [PMID: 37951006 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psycho-social experiences including shame and experienced and internalized stigma have been associated with substance use, HCV infection, and reluctance to disclose HCV status and pursue treatment. These psycho-social barriers have been examined independently for many chronic diseases, including HCV, but to our knowledge have not been quantitatively explored in a large multi-site US-based sample of people who inject drugs (PWID) in HCV treatment. METHODS We examine baseline relationships with HCV-stigma and engagement across the HCV treatment cascade as well as baseline and longitudinal relationships between shame and engagement across the HCV treatment cascade including treatment initiation, adherence, completion, and sustained virologic response (SVR) among a multi-site sample of PWID with HCV, where N=755 were randomized to the pragmatic trial comparing HCV treatment outcomes in modified directly observed treatment (mDOT) or patient navigation, and N=623 initiated treatment. RESULTS While cross-sectional assessments of shame and HCV-stigma were not associated with engagement across the HCV treatment cascade, those whose shame scores decreased compared to those who reported consistently high and increasing levels of shame were significantly more likely to complete HCV treatment (aOR=5.29; 95%CI: 1.56,18.00) and achieve SVR (aOR=6.32; 95%CI: 1.61, 24.87). CONCLUSION Results underscore the relationships between lower levels of shame and health-related behavior and treatment outcomes among PWID and suggest SVR achievement may contribute to reductions in shame or that reductions in shame may contribute to continued treatment and thus SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail W Batchelder
- Behavioral Medicine Program, Psychiatry Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, One Bowdoin Square, Suite 701, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, One Bowdoin Square, Suite 701, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, 1340 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Moonseong Heo
- Department of Public Health, College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, Clemson University, 116 Edwards Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jacklyn D Foley
- Behavioral Medicine Program, Psychiatry Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, One Bowdoin Square, Suite 701, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, One Bowdoin Square, Suite 701, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Matthew C Sullivan
- Behavioral Medicine Program, Psychiatry Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, One Bowdoin Square, Suite 701, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, One Bowdoin Square, Suite 701, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Paula Lum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Lynn E Taylor
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brianna Norton
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Judith I Tsui
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Judith Feinberg
- Department of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kim Page
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Alain H Litwin
- Department of Medicine, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634 USA; Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC, USA; Department of Medicine, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC, USA.
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9
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Pericot-Valverde I, Lopes SS, Nahvi S, Thrasher JF, Karasz A, Taylor LE, Mehta SH, Lum PJ, Tsui JI, Page K, Feinberg J, Kim AY, Norton BL, Arnsten JH, Fernandez-Artamendi S, Heo M, Litwin A. Reduction in Depressive Symptoms in People who Inject Drugs who Are Cured of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: The HERO Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad498. [PMID: 38023556 PMCID: PMC10644781 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depressive symptoms are prevalent among people who inject drugs (PWID) and people with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We examined changes in depressive symptoms among HCV-infected PWID following direct-acting antiviral treatments to evaluate whether these changes differed by history of depressive symptoms, substance use, or HCV treatment outcome. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of the HERO Study (NCT02824640), a pragmatic randomized clinical trial among PWID, to test the effectiveness of HCV care models. Depressive symptoms (primary outcome) were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at baseline, end of treatment (EOT), and at follow-up 12 and 24 weeks after EOT. Sustained virologic response (SVR) was defined as undetectable HCV RNA at ≥12 weeks following EOT. Baseline drug use was defined as having a positive urine screening test for amphetamine, methamphetamine, benzodiazepine, cocaine, cannabis, opiate, or oxycodone. Results The sample (n = 498) was 72.3% male, 64.2% White, and on average 43.9 years old. In patients who achieved SVR (F(3432) = 4.58; P = .004) and those with drug use at baseline (F(3478) = 5.11; P < .01), PHQ-9 scores significantly declined over time, with scores lower at EOT and both follow-ups as compared with baseline. Mean PHQ-9 scores at EOT and follow-ups were significantly lower than at baseline, except for those with no depression or mild depression at baseline. Conclusions This study showed that HCV treatment in PWID is associated with sustained declines in depression up to 24 weeks post-treatment among those who achieve SVR and that drug use does not interfere with improvement in depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Snehal S Lopes
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shadi Nahvi
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alison Karasz
- Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island. Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paula J Lum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Judith I Tsui
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kimberly Page
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Judith Feinberg
- Department of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brianna L Norton
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Julia H Arnsten
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sergio Fernandez-Artamendi
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Moonseong Heo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alain Litwin
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Prisma Health, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
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10
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Silverman EK, Kim AY, Make BJ, Regan EA, Morrow JD, Hersh CP, O'Brien J, Crapo JD, Hansel NN, Criner G, Flenaugh EL, Conrad D, Casaburi R, Bowler RP, Hanania NA, Barr RG, Bhatt SP, Sciurba FC, Anzueto A, Han MK, McEvoy CE, Comellas AP, DeMeo DL, Rosiello R, Curtis JL, Uchida T, Wilson C, O'Rourke PP. Returning incidentally discovered Hepatitis C RNA-seq results to COPDGene study participants. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:36. [PMID: 37903807 PMCID: PMC10616181 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The consequences of returning infectious pathogen test results identified incidentally in research studies have not been well-studied. Concerns include identification of an important health issue for individuals, accuracy of research test results, public health impact, potential emotional distress for participants, and need for IRB permissions. Blood RNA-sequencing analysis for non-human RNA in 3984 participants from the COPDGene study identified 228 participants with evidence suggestive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We hypothesized that incidentally discovered HCV results could be effectively returned to COPDGene participants with attention to the identified concerns. In conjunction with a COPDGene Participant Advisory Panel, we developed and obtained IRB approval for a process of returning HCV research results and an HCV Follow-Up Study questionnaire to capture information about previous HCV diagnosis and treatment information and participant reactions to return of HCV results. During phone calls following the initial HCV notification letter, 84 of 124 participants who could be contacted (67.7%) volunteered that they had been previously diagnosed with HCV infection. Thirty-one of these 124 COPDGene participants were enrolled in the HCV Follow-Up Study. Five of the 31 HCV Follow-Up Study participants did not report a previous diagnosis of HCV. For four of these participants, subsequent clinical HCV testing confirmed HCV infection. Thus, 30/31 Follow-Up Study participants had confirmed HCV diagnoses, supporting the accuracy of the HCV research test results. However, the limited number of participants in the Follow-Up Study precludes an accurate assessment of the false-positive and false-negative rates of the research RNA sequencing evidence for HCV. Most HCV Follow-Up Study participants (29/31) were supportive of returning HCV research results, and most participants found the process for returning HCV results to be informative and not upsetting. Newly diagnosed participants were more likely to be pleased to learn about a potentially curable infection (p = 0.027) and showed a trend toward being more frightened by the potential health risks of HCV (p = 0.11). We conclude that HCV results identified incidentally during transcriptomic research studies can be successfully returned to research study participants with a carefully designed process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barry J Make
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Jarrett D Morrow
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - James D Crapo
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerard Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric L Flenaugh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care and Interventional Pulmonary Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Douglas Conrad
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicola A Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Surya P Bhatt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Frank C Sciurba
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Antonio Anzueto
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Texas Health, and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - MeiLan K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Rosiello
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Reliant Medical Group, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Medical Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tricia Uchida
- Research Informatics Services, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Carla Wilson
- Research Informatics Services, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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11
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Martinello M, Carson JM, Van Der Valk M, Rockstroh JK, Ingiliz P, Hellard M, Nelson M, Lutz T, Bhagani S, Kim AY, Hull M, Cordes C, Moon J, Feld JJ, Gane E, Rauch A, Bruneau J, Tu E, Applegate T, Grebely J, Dore GJ, Matthews GV. Reinfection incidence and risk among people treated for recent hepatitis C virus infection. AIDS 2023; 37:1883-1890. [PMID: 37467042 PMCID: PMC10529102 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reinfection poses a challenge to hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination. This analysis assessed incidence of, and factors associated with reinfection among people treated for recent HCV (duration of infection <12 months). METHODS Participants treated for recent HCV (primary infection or reinfection) in an international randomized trial were followed at 3-monthly intervals for up to 2 years to assess for reinfection. Reinfection incidence was calculated using person-time of observation. Factors associated with HCV reinfection were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS Of 222 participants treated for recent HCV, 196 (62% primary infection, 38% reinfection) were included in the cohort at risk for reinfection, of whom 87% identified as gay or bisexual men, 71% had HIV and 20% injected drugs in the month prior to enrolment. During 198 person-years of follow-up, 28 cases of HCV reinfection were identified among 27 participants, for an incidence of 14.2 per 100 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 9.8-20.5]. Reinfection was associated with prior HCV reinfection [adjusted hazards ratio (aHR) 2.42; 95% CI 1.08-5.38], injection drug use posttreatment (aHR 2.53; 95% CI 1.14-5.59), condomless anal intercourse with casual male partners (aHR 3.32; 95% CI 1.14-9.65) and geographic region (United Kingdom, aHR 0.21; 95% CI 0.06-0.75). Among gay and bisexual men (GBM), reinfection was also associated with sexualized drug use involving injecting posttreatment (aHR 2.97; 95% CI 1.10-8.02). CONCLUSION High reinfection incidence following treatment for recent HCV among people with ongoing sexual and drug use risk behaviour highlights the need for posttreatment surveillance, rapid retreatment of reinfection and targeted harm reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Van Der Valk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam
- Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Patrick Ingiliz
- Zentrum für Infektiologie Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mark Nelson
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Thomas Lutz
- Infektiologikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Arthur Y Kim
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Hull
- St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Juhi Moon
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ed Gane
- Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andri Rauch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Elise Tu
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Gregory J Dore
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gail V Matthews
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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12
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Cho WJ, Harden D, Moreno D, Dinulos JE, Hanna PE, Wang Q, Kim AY, Sise ME. Oral antiviral therapies for COVID-19 in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease or kidney failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:1912-1914. [PMID: 36948600 PMCID: PMC10387392 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Destiny Harden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daiana Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James E Dinulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul E Hanna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan E Sise
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Gupta A, Ashour D, Shebl FM, Platt L, Chiosi JJ, Nelson SB, Ard KL, Kim AY, Bassett IV. Evaluation of Hepatitis C Treatment Outcomes Among Patients Enrolled in Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy-Boston, Massachusetts, 2016-2021. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad342. [PMID: 37496604 PMCID: PMC10368317 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In our Boston-based outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) program between 2016 and 2021, we found that a low proportion of patients with active hepatitis C virus (HCV) were prescribed HCV treatment by their OPAT provider and few achieved sustained virologic response. Clinicians should consider concurrent HCV treatment during OPAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Gupta
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dina Ashour
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fatma M Shebl
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Platt
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John J Chiosi
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandra B Nelson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin L Ard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ingrid V Bassett
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Horwitz LI, Thaweethai T, Brosnahan SB, Cicek MS, Fitzgerald ML, Goldman JD, Hess R, Hodder SL, Jacoby VL, Jordan MR, Krishnan JA, Laiyemo AO, Metz TD, Nichols L, Patzer RE, Sekar A, Singer NG, Stiles LE, Taylor BS, Ahmed S, Algren HA, Anglin K, Aponte-Soto L, Ashktorab H, Bassett IV, Bedi B, Bhadelia N, Bime C, Bind MAC, Black LJ, Blomkalns AL, Brim H, Castro M, Chan J, Charney AW, Chen BK, Chen LQ, Chen P, Chestek D, Chibnik LB, Chow DC, Chu HY, Clifton RG, Collins S, Costantine MM, Cribbs SK, Deeks SG, Dickinson JD, Donohue SE, Durstenfeld MS, Emery IF, Erlandson KM, Facelli JC, Farah-Abraham R, Finn AV, Fischer MS, Flaherman VJ, Fleurimont J, Fonseca V, Gallagher EJ, Gander JC, Gennaro ML, Gibson KS, Go M, Goodman SN, Granger JP, Greenway FL, Hafner JW, Han JE, Harkins MS, Hauser KSP, Heath JR, Hernandez CR, Ho O, Hoffman MK, Hoover SE, Horowitz CR, Hsu H, Hsue PY, Hughes BL, Jagannathan P, James JA, John J, Jolley S, Judd SE, Juskowich JJ, Kanjilal DG, Karlson EW, Katz SD, Kelly JD, Kelly SW, Kim AY, Kirwan JP, Knox KS, Kumar A, Lamendola-Essel MF, Lanca M, Lee-lannotti JK, Lefebvre RC, Levy BD, Lin JY, Logarbo BP, Logue JK, Longo MT, Luciano CA, Lutrick K, Malakooti SK, Mallett G, Maranga G, Marathe JG, Marconi VC, Marshall GD, Martin CF, Martin JN, May HT, McComsey GA, McDonald D, Mendez-Figueroa H, Miele L, Mittleman MA, Mohandas S, Mouchati C, Mullington JM, Nadkarni GN, Nahin ER, Neuman RB, Newman LT, Nguyen A, Nikolich JZ, Ofotokun I, Ogbogu PU, Palatnik A, Palomares KTS, Parimon T, Parry S, Parthasarathy S, Patterson TF, Pearman A, Peluso MJ, Pemu P, Pettker CM, Plunkett BA, Pogreba-Brown K, Poppas A, Porterfield JZ, Quigley JG, Quinn DK, Raissy H, Rebello CJ, Reddy UM, Reece R, Reeder HT, Rischard FP, Rosas JM, Rosen CJ, Rouphael NG, Rouse DJ, Ruff AM, Saint Jean C, Sandoval GJ, Santana JL, Schlater SM, Sciurba FC, Selvaggi C, Seshadri S, Sesso HD, Shah DP, Shemesh E, Sherif ZA, Shinnick DJ, Simhan HN, Singh U, Sowles A, Subbian V, Sun J, Suthar MS, Teunis LJ, Thorp JM, Ticotsky A, Tita ATN, Tragus R, Tuttle KR, Urdaneta AE, Utz PJ, VanWagoner TM, Vasey A, Vernon SD, Vidal C, Walker T, Ward HD, Warren DE, Weeks RM, Weiner SJ, Weyer JC, Wheeler JL, Whiteheart SW, Wiley Z, Williams NJ, Wisnivesky JP, Wood JC, Yee LM, Young NM, Zisis SN, Foulkes AS. Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) adult study protocol: Rationale, objectives, and design. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286297. [PMID: 37352211 PMCID: PMC10289397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in ongoing, relapsing, or new symptoms or other health effects after the acute phase of infection; termed post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or long COVID. The characteristics, prevalence, trajectory and mechanisms of PASC are ill-defined. The objectives of the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Multi-site Observational Study of PASC in Adults (RECOVER-Adult) are to: (1) characterize PASC prevalence; (2) characterize the symptoms, organ dysfunction, natural history, and distinct phenotypes of PASC; (3) identify demographic, social and clinical risk factors for PASC onset and recovery; and (4) define the biological mechanisms underlying PASC pathogenesis. METHODS RECOVER-Adult is a combined prospective/retrospective cohort currently planned to enroll 14,880 adults aged ≥18 years. Eligible participants either must meet WHO criteria for suspected, probable, or confirmed infection; or must have evidence of no prior infection. Recruitment occurs at 86 sites in 33 U.S. states, Washington, DC and Puerto Rico, via facility- and community-based outreach. Participants complete quarterly questionnaires about symptoms, social determinants, vaccination status, and interim SARS-CoV-2 infections. In addition, participants contribute biospecimens and undergo physical and laboratory examinations at approximately 0, 90 and 180 days from infection or negative test date, and yearly thereafter. Some participants undergo additional testing based on specific criteria or random sampling. Patient representatives provide input on all study processes. The primary study outcome is onset of PASC, measured by signs and symptoms. A paradigm for identifying PASC cases will be defined and updated using supervised and unsupervised learning approaches with cross-validation. Logistic regression and proportional hazards regression will be conducted to investigate associations between risk factors, onset, and resolution of PASC symptoms. DISCUSSION RECOVER-Adult is the first national, prospective, longitudinal cohort of PASC among US adults. Results of this study are intended to inform public health, spur clinical trials, and expand treatment options. REGISTRATION NCT05172024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leora I. Horwitz
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tanayott Thaweethai
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shari B. Brosnahan
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mine S. Cicek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Megan L. Fitzgerald
- Patient Led Research Collaboration on COVID-19, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jason D. Goldman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Providence Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rachel Hess
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - S. L. Hodder
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Vanessa L. Jacoby
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Jordan
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jerry A. Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Adeyinka O. Laiyemo
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Torri D. Metz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lauren Nichols
- Body Politic COVID-19 Support Group, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rachel E. Patzer
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Health Services Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anisha Sekar
- Patient Led Research Collaboration on COVID-19, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Nora G. Singer
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, The MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lauren E. Stiles
- Department of Neurology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Barbara S. Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Infectious Diseases, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shifa Ahmed
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Algren
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Providence Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Khamal Anglin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco Institute of Global Health Sciences, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Aponte-Soto
- College of Science and Health, Department of Health Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Ingrid V. Bassett
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brahmchetna Bedi
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nahid Bhadelia
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Policy and Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christian Bime
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Marie-Abele C. Bind
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lora J. Black
- Department of Clinical Research, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Andra L. Blomkalns
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Pathology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - James Chan
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexander W. Charney
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin K. Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Li Qing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David Chestek
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lori B. Chibnik
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dominic C. Chow
- Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Department of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rebecca G. Clifton
- Department of Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Shelby Collins
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maged M. Costantine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sushma K. Cribbs
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - John D. Dickinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Donohue
- Department of Research Services, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Durstenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology at Zuckerberg San Francisco General, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ivette F. Emery
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Kristine M. Erlandson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Julio C. Facelli
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Rachael Farah-Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Aloke V. Finn
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melinda S. Fischer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Infectious Diseases, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Valerie J. Flaherman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Judes Fleurimont
- Mile Square Health Center, University of Illinois Chicago, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Vivian Fonseca
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Emily J. Gallagher
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer C. Gander
- Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente of Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kelly S. Gibson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Minjoung Go
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Steven N. Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Joey P. Granger
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Frank L. Greenway
- Clinical Trials, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - John W. Hafner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jenny E. Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Michelle S. Harkins
- Department of Internal Medicine University of New Mexico, Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Kristine S. P. Hauser
- Clinical Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James R. Heath
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Carla R. Hernandez
- Clinical Research Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - On Ho
- Seattle Children’s Therapeutics, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Matthew K. Hoffman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care Health Services, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Hoover
- Department of Clinical Research, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Carol R. Horowitz
- Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Harvey Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Priscilla Y. Hsue
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Brenna L. Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Judith A. James
- Department of Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Janice John
- Department of Family Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah Jolley
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - S. E. Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Joy J. Juskowich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, West Virginia School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Diane G. Kanjilal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth W. Karlson
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stuart D. Katz
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - J. Daniel Kelly
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sara W. Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics & Department of Research Services, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Arthur Y. Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John P. Kirwan
- Department Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kenneth S. Knox
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Andre Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | | | - Margaret Lanca
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joyce K. Lee-lannotti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - R. Craig Lefebvre
- Communications Practice Area, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bruce D. Levy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Janet Y. Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Brian P. Logarbo
- Tulane Center for Clinical Research, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jennifer K. Logue
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michele T. Longo
- Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Luciano
- Department of Neurology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Karen Lutrick
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Arizona, College of Medicine – Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Shahdi K. Malakooti
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gail Mallett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle Maranga
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jai G. Marathe
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vincent C. Marconi
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Department of Global Health, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gailen D. Marshall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Christopher F. Martin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Heidi T. May
- Department of Cardiology, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Grace A. McComsey
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dylan McDonald
- Department of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hector Mendez-Figueroa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Murray A. Mittleman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sindhu Mohandas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Christian Mouchati
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Janet M. Mullington
- Department of Neurology and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Girish N. Nadkarni
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Erica R. Nahin
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Neuman
- Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente of Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lisa T. Newman
- Department of Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amber Nguyen
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Janko Z. Nikolich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Igho Ofotokun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Princess U. Ogbogu
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anna Palatnik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kristy T. S. Palomares
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Saint Peter’s University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Samuel Parry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sairam Parthasarathy
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Thomas F. Patterson
- Department of Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ann Pearman
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Priscilla Pemu
- Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christian M. Pettker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Beth A. Plunkett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kristen Pogreba-Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Athena Poppas
- Division of Cardiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - J. Zachary Porterfield
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - John G. Quigley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Davin K. Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Hengameh Raissy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Candida J. Rebello
- Department of Nutrition and Chronic Disease, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Uma M. Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Reece
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, West Virginia School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Harrison T. Reeder
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Franz P. Rischard
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Johana M. Rosas
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Nadine G. Rouphael
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dwight J. Rouse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Adam M. Ruff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - Christina Saint Jean
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Grecio J. Sandoval
- Department of Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jorge L. Santana
- Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Shannon M. Schlater
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Frank C. Sciurba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Selvaggi
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Howard D. Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dimpy P. Shah
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eyal Shemesh
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zaki A. Sherif
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Shinnick
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hyagriv N. Simhan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Upinder Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Amber Sowles
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Vignesh Subbian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering, University of Arizona College of Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mehul S. Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Larissa J. Teunis
- Health Services Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John M. Thorp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amberly Ticotsky
- Department of Family Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alan T. N. Tita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Women’s Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Robin Tragus
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Katherine R. Tuttle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alfredo E. Urdaneta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - P. J. Utz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. VanWagoner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Andrew Vasey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Suzanne D. Vernon
- Department of Research, Bateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Crystal Vidal
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Walker
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Honorine D. Ward
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David E. Warren
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. Weeks
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Weiner
- Department of Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jordan C. Weyer
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Wheeler
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Zanthia Wiley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Natasha J. Williams
- Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Juan P. Wisnivesky
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John C. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lynn M. Yee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Natalie M. Young
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Providence Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sokratis N. Zisis
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Andrea S. Foulkes
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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15
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Tsui JI, Lum PJ, Taylor LE, Mehta SH, Feinberg J, Kim AY, Norton BL, Niu J, Heo M, Arnsten J, Pericot-Valverde I, Thomas A, Blalock KL, Radick A, Murray-Krezan C, Page K, Litwin AH. Injecting practices during and after hepatitis C treatment and associations with not achieving cure among persons who inject drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 247:109878. [PMID: 37150144 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are a key population for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. Study aims were to describe injection practices of PWID during HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and assess whether injection practices were associated with not achieving a sustained virologic response (SVR). METHODS Secondary analysis of the HERO Study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02824640), a pragmatic randomized trial in 8 U.S. states to evaluate the effectiveness of HCV care models among active PWID seen in opioid treatment programs and community clinics. Frequency, sharing and reuse of injecting equipment were assessed at baseline, end-of-treatment (EOT) and quarterly visits up to 60 weeks post-treatment. Generalized Estimating Equations logistic regression models with linear spline were used to compare trends in injecting behaviors during vs. post-treatment. Multivariable logistic regression models explored associations between injecting behaviors during treatment and lack of SVR. RESULTS Among 501 participants, 27% were female, 35% were non-white, mean age was 44 (SD 11.5) years and nearly half (49%) were unhoused. At baseline, 41% reported receptive sharing of injecting equipment, declining to 16% at EOT visit. Receptive sharing of cookers, rinses, or needles/syringes during treatment was associated with a nearly 5-fold increase in not achieving SVR (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=4.83; 95% CI: 2.26, 10.28) as was reuse of one's own needles/syringes (aOR=2.37; 95% CI: 1.11, 4.92). CONCLUSIONS PWID in the HERO study adopted safer injecting behaviors during DAA treatment; receptive sharing of injecting equipment and reuse of one's own equipment during treatment were associated with not achieving cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith I Tsui
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA98104, USA.
| | - Paula J Lum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA94110, USA
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 80 Washington Street, Providence, RI02903, USA; HIV and Viral Hepatitis Services, CODAC Behavioral Health, Providence, RI02909, USA
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615N. Wolfe Street, Room E6546, Baltimore, MD21205, USA
| | - Judith Feinberg
- Department of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 930 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV26505, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA02114, USA
| | - Brianna L Norton
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3330 Kossuth Avenue Bronx, NY10467, USA
| | - Jiajing Niu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, 605 Grove Road, Clemson, SC29605, USA
| | - Moonseong Heo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, 605 Grove Road, Clemson, SC29605, USA
| | - Julia Arnsten
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3330 Kossuth Avenue Bronx, NY10467, USA
| | - Irene Pericot-Valverde
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, 418 Bracket Hall, Clemson, SC29634, USA; Clemson University School of Health Research605 Grove RoadGreenvilleSC29605, USA
| | - Aurielle Thomas
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 80 Washington Street, Providence, RI02903, USA
| | - Kendra L Blalock
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA98104, USA
| | - Andrea Radick
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA98104, USA
| | - Cristina Murray-Krezan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA15213, USA
| | - Kimberly Page
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Alain H Litwin
- Clemson University School of Health Research605 Grove RoadGreenvilleSC29605, USA; Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 876 W Faris Rd, Greenville, SC29605, USA; Department of Medicine, Prisma Health, 876 W Faris Rd, Greenville, SC29605, USA
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16
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Bonilla H, Peluso MJ, Rodgers K, Aberg JA, Patterson TF, Tamburro R, Baizer L, Goldman JD, Rouphael N, Deitchman A, Fine J, Fontelo P, Kim AY, Shaw G, Stratford J, Ceger P, Costantine MM, Fisher L, O’Brien L, Maughan C, Quigley JG, Gabbay V, Mohandas S, Williams D, McComsey GA. Therapeutic trials for long COVID-19: A call to action from the interventions taskforce of the RECOVER initiative. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129459. [PMID: 36969241 PMCID: PMC10034329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most individuals recover from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, a significant number continue to suffer from Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), including the unexplained symptoms that are frequently referred to as long COVID, which could last for weeks, months, or even years after the acute phase of illness. The National Institutes of Health is currently funding large multi-center research programs as part of its Researching COVID to Enhance Recover (RECOVER) initiative to understand why some individuals do not recover fully from COVID-19. Several ongoing pathobiology studies have provided clues to potential mechanisms contributing to this condition. These include persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen and/or genetic material, immune dysregulation, reactivation of other latent viral infections, microvascular dysfunction, and gut dysbiosis, among others. Although our understanding of the causes of long COVID remains incomplete, these early pathophysiologic studies suggest biological pathways that could be targeted in therapeutic trials that aim to ameliorate symptoms. Repurposed medicines and novel therapeutics deserve formal testing in clinical trial settings prior to adoption. While we endorse clinical trials, especially those that prioritize inclusion of the diverse populations most affected by COVID-19 and long COVID, we discourage off-label experimentation in uncontrolled and/or unsupervised settings. Here, we review ongoing, planned, and potential future therapeutic interventions for long COVID based on the current understanding of the pathobiological processes underlying this condition. We focus on clinical, pharmacological, and feasibility data, with the goal of informing future interventional research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Bonilla
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Michael J. Peluso
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen Rodgers
- Center for Innovations in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Judith A. Aberg
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Chief, Division of Infectious Disease, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas F. Patterson
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Robert Tamburro
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lawrence Baizer
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Division of Lung Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jason D. Goldman
- Department of Medicine, Organ Transplant and Liver Center, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Amelia Deitchman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Fine
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, New York University (NYU), New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul Fontelo
- Applied Clinical Informatics Branch, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Arthur Y. Kim
- Department of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Division of Infectious Disease, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gwendolyn Shaw
- Research Triangle Institute (RTI), International, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jeran Stratford
- Research Triangle Institute (RTI), International, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Patricia Ceger
- Research Triangle Institute (RTI), International, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Maged M. Costantine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Liza Fisher
- Long COVID Families, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa O’Brien
- Utah Covid-19 Long Haulers, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - John G. Quigley
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Vilma Gabbay
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sindhu Mohandas
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Grace A. McComsey
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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17
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Karasz A, Merchant K, Singh R, Thomas A, Borsuk C, McKee D, Duryea P, Kim AY, Mehta S, Norton BL, Page K, Pericot-Valverde I, Sedillo S, Stein ES, Taylor LE, Tsui J, Litwin A. The experience of re-infection among people who inject drugs successfully treated for hepatitis C. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2023; 146:208937. [PMID: 36880897 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2022.208937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Highly effective direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents have changed the landscape of hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) treatment and have become more available to people who inject drugs (PWID) over the past several years. Although many achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR), a small proportion will become re-infected. This study examined experiences of re-infection among participants in Project HERO, a large multi-site treatment trial designed to test alternative treatment delivery models for DAAs. METHODS Study staff conducted qualitative interviews with twenty-three HERO participants who experienced reinfection following successful treatment for HCV. Interviews focused on life circumstances and experiences with treatment/re-infection. We conducted a thematic analysis, followed by a narrative analysis. RESULTS Participants described challenging life circumstances. The initial experience of cure was joyful, leading participants to feel that they had escaped a defiled, stigmatized identity. Re-infection was very painful. Feelings of shame were common. Participants with fully developed narratives of re-infection described both a strong emotional response as well as a plan for avoiding re-infection during retreatment. Participants who lack such stories showed signs of hopelessness and apathy. CONCLUSION Though the promise of personal transformation through SVR may be motivating for patients, clinicians should be cautious about how they describe the "cure" when educating patients about HCV treatment. Patients should be encouraged to avoid stigmatizing, dichotomizing language of the self, including terms such as "dirty" and "clean." In acknowledging the benefits of HCV cure, clinicians should emphasize that re-infection does not mean failed treatment; and that current treatment guidelines support retreatment of re-infected PWID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krupa Merchant
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, United States of America
| | - Reena Singh
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
| | - Aurielle Thomas
- University of Rhode Island, 80 Washington Street, Rm. 525, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America
| | - Courtney Borsuk
- Johns Hopkins, 615 N. Wolfe St., E6536, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Diane McKee
- University of Massachusetts School of Medicine 55 Lake Ave. North Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Patrick Duryea
- University of Rhode Island, Burnett Hall 1220 T St., Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street Cox 5, Boston, MA 02130, United States of America
| | - Shruti Mehta
- Johns Hopkins, 615 N. Wolfe St., E6546, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Brianna L Norton
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 3330 Kossuth Ave., Bronx, NY 10467, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Page
- University of New Mexico, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, MSC10 5550 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Irene Pericot-Valverde
- Clemson University, College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, 605 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, United States of America
| | - Sandra Sedillo
- University of New Mexico, MSC10 5550 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Ellen S Stein
- University of California, San Francisco, Mission Hall, 550-16th St., Suite 300, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States of America
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- University of Rhode Island, CODAC Behavioral Health, 80 Washington Street, Rm. 525, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America
| | - Judith Tsui
- University of Washington, Box 359780, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104, United States of America
| | - Alain Litwin
- Prisma Health/Clemson University, Department of Medicine, Prisma Health Greenville Memorial Hospital Medical Support Tower, 5th Floor 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29695, United States of America
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18
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Dryden-Peterson S, Kim A, Kim AY, Caniglia EC, Lennes IT, Patel R, Gainer L, Dutton L, Donahue E, Gandhi RT, Baden LR, Woolley AE. Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir for Early COVID-19 in a Large U.S. Health System : A Population-Based Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2023; 176:77-84. [PMID: 36508742 PMCID: PMC9753458 DOI: 10.7326/m22-2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the EPIC-HR (Evaluation of Protease Inhibition for Covid-19 in High-Risk Patients) trial, nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir led to an 89% reduction in hospitalization or death among unvaccinated outpatients with early COVID-19. The clinical impact of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir among vaccinated populations is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To assess whether nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir reduces risk for hospitalization or death among outpatients with early COVID-19 in the setting of prevalent SARS-CoV-2 immunity and immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 lineages. DESIGN Population-based cohort study analyzed to emulate a clinical trial using inverse probability-weighted models to account for anticipated bias in treatment. SETTING A large health care system providing care for 1.5 million patients in Massachusetts and New Hampshire during the Omicron wave (1 January to 17 July 2022). PATIENTS 44 551 nonhospitalized adults (90.3% with ≥3 vaccine doses) aged 50 years or older with COVID-19 and no contraindications for nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was a composite of hospitalization within 14 days or death within 28 days of a COVID-19 diagnosis. RESULTS During the study period, 12 541 (28.1%) patients were prescribed nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir, and 32 010 (71.9%) were not. Patients prescribed nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir were more likely to be older, have more comorbidities, and be vaccinated. The composite outcome of hospitalization or death occurred in 69 (0.55%) patients who were prescribed nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir and 310 (0.97%) who were not (adjusted risk ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.42 to 0.75]). Recipients of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir had lower risk for hospitalization (adjusted risk ratio, 0.60 [CI, 0.44 to 0.81]) and death (adjusted risk ratio, 0.29 [CI, 0.12 to 0.71]). LIMITATION Potential residual confounding due to differential access to COVID-19 vaccines, diagnostic tests, and treatment. CONCLUSION The overall risk for hospitalization or death was already low (1%) after an outpatient diagnosis of COVID-19, but nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir reduced this risk further. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Dryden-Peterson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, and Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute, Gaborone, Botswana (S.D.)
| | - Andy Kim
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.K., L.D., E.D., L.R.B., A.E.W.)
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.Y.K., I.T.L., R.T.G.)
| | - Ellen C Caniglia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (E.C.C.)
| | - Inga T Lennes
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.Y.K., I.T.L., R.T.G.)
| | - Rajesh Patel
- Beth Israel Lahey Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.P.)
| | - Lindsay Gainer
- Mass General Brigham Integrated Care, Somerville, Massachusetts (L.G.)
| | - Lisa Dutton
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.K., L.D., E.D., L.R.B., A.E.W.)
| | - Elizabeth Donahue
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.K., L.D., E.D., L.R.B., A.E.W.)
| | - Rajesh T Gandhi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.Y.K., I.T.L., R.T.G.)
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.K., L.D., E.D., L.R.B., A.E.W.)
| | - Ann E Woolley
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.K., L.D., E.D., L.R.B., A.E.W.)
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19
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Kim MH, Elbaz J, Jilg N, Gustafson JL, Xu M, Hatipoglu D, Nohelty E, Kim AY, Chung RT. Peginterferon lambda for the treatment of hospitalized patients with mild COVID-19: A pilot phase 2 randomized placebo-controlled trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1095828. [PMID: 36910479 PMCID: PMC10002416 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1095828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous injection of peginterferon lambda in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods In this study (NCT04343976), patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swab were randomly assigned within 48 h to receive peginterferon lambda or placebo in a 1:1 ratio. Participants were subcutaneously injected with a peginterferon lambda or saline placebo at baseline and day 7 and were followed up until day 14. Results We enrolled 14 participants; 6 participants (85.7%) in the peginterferon lambda group and 1 participant (14.3%) in the placebo group were treated with remdesivir prior to enrollment. Fifty percent of participants were SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative at baseline although they tested SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive within 48 h of randomization. Among participants who were SARS-CoV-2 positive at baseline, 2 out of 5 participants (40%) in the peginterferon lambda group became negative at day 14, while 0 out of 2 participants (0%) in the placebo group achieved negativity for SARS-CoV-2 by day 14 (p > 0.05). The median change in viral load (log copies per ml) was +1.72 (IQR -2.78 to 3.19) in the placebo group and -2.22 (IQR -3.24 to 0.55) in the peginterferon lambda group at day 14 (p = 0.24). Symptomatic changes did not differ between the two groups. Peginterferon lambda was well tolerated with a few treatment-related adverse effects. Conclusion Peginterferon lambda appears to accelerate SARS-CoV-2 viral load decline and improve plasma disease progression markers in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Ho Kim
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Internal Korean Medicine, Woosuk University Medical Center, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Josh Elbaz
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Nikolaus Jilg
- Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jenna L Gustafson
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Min Xu
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dilara Hatipoglu
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric Nohelty
- Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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20
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Roberts MB, Lee J, Murphy MC, Kim AY, Coglianese EE, Hilburn C. Case 37-2022: A 55-Year-Old Man with Fatigue, Weight Loss, and Pulmonary Nodules. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:2172-2183. [PMID: 36477035 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc2211357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Roberts
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (M.B.R.); and the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery (J.L.), Radiology (M.C.M.), Medicine (A.Y.K., E.E.C.), and Pathology (C.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery (J.L.), Radiology (M.C.M.), Medicine (A.Y.K., E.E.C.), and Pathology (C.H.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Jarone Lee
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (M.B.R.); and the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery (J.L.), Radiology (M.C.M.), Medicine (A.Y.K., E.E.C.), and Pathology (C.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery (J.L.), Radiology (M.C.M.), Medicine (A.Y.K., E.E.C.), and Pathology (C.H.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Mark C Murphy
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (M.B.R.); and the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery (J.L.), Radiology (M.C.M.), Medicine (A.Y.K., E.E.C.), and Pathology (C.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery (J.L.), Radiology (M.C.M.), Medicine (A.Y.K., E.E.C.), and Pathology (C.H.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (M.B.R.); and the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery (J.L.), Radiology (M.C.M.), Medicine (A.Y.K., E.E.C.), and Pathology (C.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery (J.L.), Radiology (M.C.M.), Medicine (A.Y.K., E.E.C.), and Pathology (C.H.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Erin E Coglianese
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (M.B.R.); and the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery (J.L.), Radiology (M.C.M.), Medicine (A.Y.K., E.E.C.), and Pathology (C.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery (J.L.), Radiology (M.C.M.), Medicine (A.Y.K., E.E.C.), and Pathology (C.H.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Caroline Hilburn
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia (M.B.R.); and the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery (J.L.), Radiology (M.C.M.), Medicine (A.Y.K., E.E.C.), and Pathology (C.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery (J.L.), Radiology (M.C.M.), Medicine (A.Y.K., E.E.C.), and Pathology (C.H.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
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21
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Litwin AH, Lum PJ, Taylor LE, Mehta SH, Tsui JI, Feinberg J, Kim AY, Norton BL, Heo M, Arnsten J, Meissner P, Karasz A, Mckee MD, Ward JW, Johnson N, Pericot-Valverde I, Agyemang L, Stein ES, Thomas A, Borsuk C, Blalock KL, Wilkinson S, Wagner K, Roche J, Murray-Krezan C, Anderson J, Jacobsohn V, Luetkemeyer AF, Falade-Nwulia O, Page K. Patient-centred models of hepatitis C treatment for people who inject drugs: a multicentre, pragmatic randomised trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7:1112-1127. [PMID: 36370741 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To achieve WHO targets for the elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a public threat, an increased uptake of HCV treatment among people who inject drugs (PWID) is urgently needed. Optimal HCV co-located treatment models for PWID have not yet been identified. We aimed to compare two patient-centred models of HCV care in PWID with active drug use. METHODS We did a pragmatic randomised controlled trial at eight US cities in eight opioid treatment programmes and 15 community health centres. PWID actively injecting within 90 days of study entry were randomly assigned (1:1) to either patient navigation or modified directly observed therapy (mDOT) using computer-generated variable block sizes of 2-6 stratified by city, clinical settings, and cirrhosis status. The randomisation code was concealed, in a centralised REDCap database platform, from all investigators and research staff except for an authorised data manager at the data coordinating centre. All participants received a fixed-dose combination tablet (sofosbuvir 400 mg plus velpatasvir 100 mg) orally once daily for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was sustained virological response (SVR; determined by chart review between 70 days and 365 days after end of treatment and if unavailable, by study blood draws), and secondary outcomes were treatment initiation, adherence (measured by electronic blister packs), and treatment completion. Analyses were conducted within the modified intention-to-treat (mITT; all who initiated treatment), intention-to-treat (all who were randomised), and per-protocol populations. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02824640. FINDINGS Between Sept 15, 2016, and Aug 14, 2018, 1891 individuals were screened and 1136 were excluded (213 declined to participate and 923 did not meet the eligibility criteria). We randomly assigned 755 participants to patient navigation (n=379) or mDOT (n=376). In the mITT sample of participants who were randomised and initiated treatment (n=623), 226 (74% [95% CI 69-79]) of 306 participants in the mDOT group and 236 (76% [69-79]) of 317 in the patient navigation group had an SVR, with no significant difference between the groups (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0·97 [95% CI 0·66-1·42]; p=0·35). In the ITT sample (n=755), 226 (60% [95% CI 55-65]) of 376 participants in the mDOT group and 236 (62% [57-67]) of 379 in the patient navigation group had an SVR (AOR 0·92 [0·68-1·25]; p=0·61) and in the per-protocol sample (n=501), 226 (91% [87-94]) of 248 participants in the mDOT group and 235 (93% [89-96]) of 253 in the patient navigation group had an SVR (AOR 0·79 [0·41-1·55]; p=0·44). 306 (81%) of 376 participants in the mDOT group and 317 (84%) of 379 participants in the patient navigation group initiated treatment (AOR 0·86 [0·58-1·26]; p=0·44) and, among those, 251 (82%) participants in the mDOT group and 264 (83%) participants in the patient navigation group completed treatment (AOR 0·90 [0·58-1·39]; p=0·63). Mean daily adherence was higher in the mDOT group (78% [95% CI 75-81]) versus the patient navigation group (73% [70-77]), with a difference of 4·7% ([1·9-7·4]; p=0·0010). 421 serious adverse events were reported (217 in the mDOT group and 204 in the patient navigation group), with the most common being hospital admission (176 in the mDOT group vs 161 in the patient navigation group). INTERPRETATION In this trial of active PWID, both models resulted in high SVR. Although adherence was significantly higher in the mDOT group versus the patient navigation group, there was no significant difference in SVR between the groups. Increases in adherence and treatment completion were associated with an increased likelihood of SVR. These results suggest that active PWID can reach high SVRs in diverse settings with either mDOT or patient navigation support. FUNDING Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Gilead Sciences, Quest Diagnostics, Monogram Biosciences, and OraSure Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain H Litwin
- School of Health Research, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC, USA; Department of Medicine, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC, USA.
| | - Paula J Lum
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA; HIV and Viral Hepatitis Services, CODAC Behavioral Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judith I Tsui
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Judith Feinberg
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, and Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brianna L Norton
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Moonseong Heo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Julia Arnsten
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Meissner
- Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison Karasz
- Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - M Diane Mckee
- Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - John W Ward
- Coalition for Global Hepatitis Elimination, The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Nirah Johnson
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Irene Pericot-Valverde
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; School of Health Research, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Linda Agyemang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen S Stein
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aurielle Thomas
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Courtney Borsuk
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kendra L Blalock
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel Wilkinson
- Office of Research Program Management, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Katherine Wagner
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jillian Roche
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jessica Anderson
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vanessa Jacobsohn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anne F Luetkemeyer
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly Page
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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22
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Mohareb AM, Liu AF, Kim AY, Coffie PA, Kouamé MG, Freedberg KA, Boyd A, Hyle EP. Clearance of Hepatitis B e Antigen in Untreated Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1761-1770. [PMID: 35511194 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In people with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, persistence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is associated with clinical progression and need for treatment. HBeAg loss represents partial immune control and is a critical event in the natural history of chronic HBV. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies that report HBeAg loss among people with untreated chronic HBV. We evaluated HBeAg loss using a random-effects model and conducted subanalysis on region. RESULTS We screened 10 560 publications, performed 196 full-text analyses, and included 26 studies for meta-analysis. The pooled rate of HBeAg loss was 6.46/100 person-years (PYs) (95% confidence interval, 5.17-8.08). Meta-regression showed that older age of participants and studies in Europe were associated with higher rate of HBeAg loss. Rates per 100 PYs were 7.43 (95% confidence interval, 6.30-8.75; 1 study) in Africa, 3.24 (2.61--4.02; 1 study) in the Eastern Mediterranean, 13.67 (11.21-16.66; 4 studies) in Europe, 7.34 (4.61--11.70; 5 studies) in North America, and 5.53 (4.05--7.55; 15 studies) in the Western Pacific. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous HBeAg loss occurs at a rate of 6.46/100 PYs. Variations by region and age group may reflect epidemiological, immunological, or HBV genotype-related differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Mohareb
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne F Liu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick A Coffie
- Department of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, UFR des Sciences Médicales, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Programme PAC-CI, ANRS Research site, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Kenneth A Freedberg
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anders Boyd
- Stiching hiv monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Research and Prevention, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emily P Hyle
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Dryden-Peterson S, Kim A, Joyce MR, Johnson JA, Kim AY, Baden LR, Woolley AE. Bebtelovimab for High-Risk Outpatients With Early COVID-19 in a Large US Health System. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac565. [PMID: 36438619 PMCID: PMC9620388 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited data for the clinical efficacy of bebtelovimab in preventing severe coronavirus disease 2019. Among outpatients unable to take nirmatrelvir-ritonavir at a large health system, 10 of 377 (2.7%) patients who received bebtelovimab and 17 of 377 (4.5%) matched untreated patients were hospitalized or died. The 43% observed risk reduction with bebtelovimab was not statistically significant (P = 0.14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Dryden-Peterson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute, Gaborone, Botswana
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andy Kim
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Johnson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann E Woolley
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Hoogeveen RC, Dijkstra S, Bartsch LM, Drescher HK, Aneja J, Robidoux MP, Cheney JA, Timm J, Gehring A, de Sousa PSF, Ximenez L, Peliganga LB, Pitts A, Evans FB, Boonstra A, Kim AY, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lauer GM. Hepatitis B virus-specific CD4 T cell responses differentiate functional cure from chronic surface antigen + infection. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1276-1286. [PMID: 35716846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS With or without antiviral treatment, few individuals achieve sustained functional cure of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A better definition of what mediates functional cure is essential for improving immunotherapeutic strategies. We aimed to compare HBV-specific T cell responses in patients with different degrees of viral control. METHODS We obtained blood from 124 HBV-infected individuals, including those with acute self-limiting HBV infection, chronic infection, and chronic infection with functional cure. We screened for HBV-specific T cell specificities by ELISpot, assessed the function of HBV-specific T cells using intracellular cytokine staining, and characterized HBV-specific CD4 T cells using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II tetramer staining, all directly ex vivo. RESULTS ELISpot screening readily identified HBV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in acute resolving infection compared with more limited reactivity in chronic infection. Applying more sensitive assays revealed higher frequencies of functional HBV-specific CD4 T cells, but not CD8 T cells, in functional cure compared to chronic infection. Function independent analysis using HLA multimers also identified more HBV-specific CD4 T cell responses in functional cure compared to chronic infection, with the emergence of CD4 T cell memory both after acute and chronic infection. CONCLUSIONS Functional cure is associated with higher frequencies of functional HBV-specific CD4 memory T cell responses. Thus, immunotherapeutic approaches designed to induce HBV functional cure should also aim to improve CD4 T cell responses. LAY SUMMARY Immunotherapy is a form of treatment that relies on harnessing the power of an individual's immune system to target a specific disease or pathogen. Such approaches are being developed for patients with chronic HBV infection, in an attempt to mimic the immune response in patients who control HBV infection spontaneously, achieving a so-called functional cure. However, what exactly defines protective immune responses remains unclear. Herein, we show that functional cure is associated with robust responses by HBV-specific CD4 T cells (a type of immune cell).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben C Hoogeveen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan Dijkstra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lea M Bartsch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Hannah K Drescher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jasneet Aneja
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Maxwell P Robidoux
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - James A Cheney
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Joerg Timm
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adam Gehring
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lya Ximenez
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Baiao Peliganga
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola; Ministério da Saúde de Angola, Luanda, Angola
| | - Anita Pitts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Fiona B Evans
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - André Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Georg M Lauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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25
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Karasz A, Singh R, McKee MD, Merchant K, Kim AY, Page K, Pericot-Valverde I, Stein ES, Taylor LE, Wagner K, Litwin AH. Treatment for hepatitis C virus with direct acting antiviral agents: Perspectives and treatment experiences of people who inject drugs. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 140:108768. [PMID: 35729038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasingly, people who inject drugs (PWID) infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are gaining access to highly effective direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs). Although past studies examined patient experiences with interferon-based treatments, few have explored patient experiences with these new generation therapeutics. Research and real world experience indicate that many PWID can be successfully treated with the new DAAs. Yet a substantial minority fail to complete treatment or achieve only suboptimal adherence. This qualitative study examines experiences with treatment among participants in Project HERO, a large multisite trial designed to compare treatment delivery methods for DAAs. We explored treatment experiences among HERO participants, with the goal of understanding potential barriers to treatment engagement and completion. METHODS We conducted qualitative interviews with a sample of 21 participants, including 14 who completed HCV treatment and 7 participants who discontinued treatment before the end of the 12-week medication course. The first phase of the analysis was descriptive, examining participants' life experiences, histories of disease and treatment seeking, experiences with the program, and barriers to treatment completion. The second phase of the analysis examined differences between completers and noncompleters. RESULTS Participants offered a variety of reasons for seeking treatment. Both groups of participants reported highly positive experiences of the HERO trial. Participants described research staff as caring, respectful, and nonjudgmental. Substance use was reported by both groups, yet completers described "manageable" substance use, while noncompleters described substance use that sapped their energy and motivation. Shame over drug use was a barrier to treatment completion. Homelessness and a reported lack of social support were much more common in the noncompleter group. CONCLUSIONS Reasons for noncompletion were not related to features of the clinical trial or treatment program. Our results indicate the importance of: 1) recognizing and addressing severe social and economic challenges such as homelessness; and 2) building a program culture of respect and compassion in treatment programs for PWID infected with HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Karasz
- Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Blvd, Bronx, NY 10462, United States of America.
| | - Reena Singh
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America.
| | - M Diane McKee
- University of Massachusetts, School of Medicine and Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, 55 Lake Ave., North Worcester MA 01655/1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America.
| | - Krupa Merchant
- University of South Carolina, School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, United States of America.
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street Cox 5, Boston, MA 02130, United States of America.
| | - Kimberly Page
- University of New Mexico, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, MSC10 5550 1, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.
| | - Irene Pericot-Valverde
- Clemson University, College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, 605 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, United States of America.
| | - Ellen S Stein
- University of California, San Francisco, Mission Hall, 550-16th St., Suite 300, San Francisco, CA 94158.
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- University of Rhode Island, CODAC Behavioral Health, 80 Washington Street, Rm. 525, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America.
| | - Katherine Wagner
- University of New Mexico, MSC10 5550 1, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America.
| | - Alain H Litwin
- Prisma Health/Clemson University, Department of Medicine, Prisma Health Greenville Memorial Hospital, Medical Support Tower, 5th Floor, 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29695, United States of America.
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26
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Herz-Roiphe R, Kim AY, Kaimal AJ, Goldfarb IT. Utilizing Labour and Delivery for remdesivir infusion for high-risk pregnant and postpartum patients with mild-to-moderate disease during a COVID-19 surge. J Hosp Infect 2022; 129:38-40. [PMID: 35944789 PMCID: PMC9356568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A Y Kim
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A J Kaimal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I T Goldfarb
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Dryden-Peterson S, Kim A, Kim AY, Caniglia EC, Lennes I, Patel R, Gainer L, Dutton L, Donahue E, Gandhi RT, Baden LR, Woolley AE. Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir for early COVID-19 and hospitalization in a large US health system. medRxiv 2022:2022.06.14.22276393. [PMID: 35734084 PMCID: PMC9216724 DOI: 10.1101/2022.06.14.22276393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background In the EPIC-HR trial, nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir led to an 88% reduction in hospitalization or death among unvaccinated outpatients with early COVID-19. Clinical impact of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir among vaccinated populations is uncertain. Objective To assess whether nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir reduces risk of hospitalization among outpatients with early COVID-19 in the setting of prevalent SARS-CoV-2 immunity and immune evasive SARS-CoV-2 lineages. Design Population-based cohort study analyzed to emulate a clinical trial utilizing two-stage, inverse-probability weighted models to account for anticipated bias in testing and treatment. Setting A large healthcare system providing care for 1.5 million patients in Massachusetts and New Hampshire during Omicron wave (January 1 to May 15, 2022) with staged access and capacity to prescribe nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir. Patients 30,322 non-hospitalized adults (87.2% vaccinated) aged 50 and older with COVID-19 and without contraindications to nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir. Measurement Primary outcome was hospitalization within 14 days of COVID-19 diagnosis. Results During the study period, 6036 (19.9%) patients were prescribed nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir and 24,286 (80.1%) patients were not. Patients prescribed nirmatrelvir were more likely to be older, have more comorbidities, and be unvaccinated. Hospitalization occurred in 40 (0.66%) and 232 (0.96%) patients prescribed and not prescribed nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir, respectively. The adjusted risk ratio was 0.55 (95% confidence interval 0.38 to 0.80, p = 0.002). Observed risk reduction was greater among unvaccinated patients and obese patients. Limitations Potential for residual confounding due to differential access and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines, diagnostics, and treatment. Conclusions The overall risk of hospitalization was already low (<1%) following an outpatient diagnosis of COVID-19, but this risk was 45% lower among patients prescribed nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir. Funding National Institutes of Health (P30 AI060354 and R01 CA236546).
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Dryden-Peterson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute
| | - Andy Kim
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ellen C Caniglia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Inga Lennes
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rajesh Patel
- Beth Israel Lahey Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lisa Dutton
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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28
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Valencia A, Vergara C, Thio CL, Vince N, Douillard V, Grifoni A, Cox AL, Johnson EO, Kral AH, Goedert JJ, Mangia A, Piazzolla V, Mehta SH, Kirk GD, Kim AY, Lauer GM, Chung RT, Price JC, Khakoo SI, Alric L, Cramp ME, Donfield SM, Edlin BR, Busch MP, Alexander G, Rosen HR, Murphy EL, Wojcik GL, Carrington M, Gourraud PA, Sette A, Thomas DL, Duggal P. Trans-ancestral fine-mapping of MHC reveals key amino acids associated with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C in HLA-DQβ1. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:299-310. [PMID: 35090584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the MHC class II. We fine-mapped the MHC region in European (n = 1,600; 594 HCV clearance/1,006 HCV persistence) and African (n = 1,869; 340 HCV clearance/1,529 HCV persistence) ancestry individuals and evaluated HCV peptide binding affinity of classical alleles. In both populations, HLA-DQβ1Leu26 (p valueMeta = 1.24 × 10-14) located in pocket 4 was negatively associated with HCV spontaneous clearance and HLA-DQβ1Pro55 (p valueMeta = 8.23 × 10-11) located in the peptide binding region was positively associated, independently of HLA-DQβ1Leu26. These two amino acids are not in linkage disequilibrium (r2 < 0.1) and explain the SNPs and classical allele associations represented by rs2647011, rs9274711, HLA-DQB1∗03:01, and HLA-DRB1∗01:01. Additionally, HCV persistence classical alleles tagged by HLA-DQβ1Leu26 had fewer HCV binding epitopes and lower predicted binding affinities compared to clearance alleles (geometric mean of combined IC50 nM of persistence versus clearance; 2,321 nM versus 761.7 nM, p value = 1.35 × 10-38). In summary, MHC class II fine-mapping revealed key amino acids in HLA-DQβ1 explaining allelic and SNP associations with HCV outcomes. This mechanistic advance in understanding of natural recovery and immunogenetics of HCV might set the stage for much needed enhancement and design of vaccine to promote spontaneous clearance of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valencia
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Antioquia 050031, Colombia
| | - Candelaria Vergara
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chloe L Thio
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicolas Vince
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Venceslas Douillard
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrea L Cox
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Alex H Kral
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit, Medical Sciences Department, Fondazione "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Valeria Piazzolla
- Liver Unit, Medical Sciences Department, Fondazione "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gregory D Kirk
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jennifer C Price
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Laurent Alric
- Internal Medicine-Department of Digestive Diseases, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse University, 1, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Brian R Edlin
- SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- University of California San Francisco and Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Graeme Alexander
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, The Royal Free Hospital, Pond St, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | | | - Edward L Murphy
- University of California San Francisco and Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Genevieve L Wojcik
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pierre-Antoine Gourraud
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David L Thomas
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Priya Duggal
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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29
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Mohareb AM, Patel NJ, Fu X, Kim AY, Wallace ZS, Hyle EP. Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Prior to Initiating Tocilizumab and Tofacitinib in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases: A Cross-sectional Study. J Rheumatol 2022; 49:104-109. [PMID: 34334359 PMCID: PMC8724454 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.210257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can reactivate among rheumatology patients initiating tocilizumab (TCZ) or tofacitinib (TOF). HBV screening is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), and the Canadian Rheumatology Association, but it is not explicitly recommended by the American College of Rheumatology. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study to characterize HBV screening practices for adult rheumatology patients initiating TCZ or TOF before December 31, 2018, in the Greater Boston area. We classified appropriate HBV screening patterns prior to TCZ or TOF (i.e., HBV surface antigen [HBsAg], total core antibody [anti-HBcAb], and surface antibody [HBsAb]) as follows: complete (all 3 tested), partial (any 1 or 2 tests), or none. We determined the frequency of inappropriate HBV testing (HBV e-antigen, anti-HBcAb IgM, or HBV DNA without a positive HBsAg or total anti-HBcAb) and used multivariable regression to assess factors associated with complete HBV screening. RESULTS Among 678 subjects initiating TCZ, 194 (29%) completed appropriate HBV screening, 307 (45%) had partial screening, and 177 (26%) had none. Among 391 subjects initiating TOF, 94 (24%) completed appropriate HBV screening, 195 (50%) had partial screening, and 102 (26%) had none. Inappropriate testing was performed in 22% of subjects. Race was associated with complete HBV screening (White vs non-White: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57-0.95), whereas prior immunosuppression was not (conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs [DMARDs]: OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.72-1.55; biologic DMARDs: OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.48-1.12). CONCLUSION Patients initiating TCZ or TOF are infrequently screened for HBV despite recommendations from the AASLD and CDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M. Mohareb
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston MA USA
| | - Naomi J. Patel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA USA,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Fu
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arthur Y. Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston MA USA
| | - Zachary S. Wallace
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA USA,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily P. Hyle
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston MA USA
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30
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Senff T, Menne C, Cosmovici C, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Aneja J, Broering R, Kim AY, Westendorf AM, Dittmer U, Scherbaum N, Lauer GM, Timm J. Peripheral blood iNKT cell activation correlates with liver damage during acute hepatitis C. JCI Insight 2021; 7:155432. [PMID: 34905514 PMCID: PMC8855829 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant NK T (iNKT) cells are implicated in viral clearance; however, their role in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains controversial. Here, iNKT cells were studied during different stages of HCV infection. iNKT cells from patients with acute HCV infection and people who inject drugs (PWID) with chronic or spontaneously resolved HCV infection were characterized by flow cytometry. In a longitudinal analysis during acute HCV infection, frequencies of activated CD38+ iNKT cells reproducibly declined in spontaneously resolving patients, whereas they were persistently elevated in patients progressing to chronic infection. During the first year of infection, the frequency of activated CD38+ or CD69+ iNKT cells strongly correlated with alanine transaminase levels with particularly pronounced correlations in spontaneously resolving patients. Increased frequencies of activated iNKT cells in chronic HCV infection were confirmed in cross-sectional analyses of PWID with chronic or spontaneously resolved HCV infection; however, no apparent functional differences were observed with various stimulation protocols. Our data suggest that iNKT cells are activated during acute hepatitis C and that activation is sustained in chronic infection. The correlation between the frequency of activated iNKT cells and alanine transaminase may point toward a role of iNKT cells in liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Senff
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher Menne
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Cosmovici
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Jasneet Aneja
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Department for Addiction Medicine and Addictive Behavior, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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31
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Kim AY, Gandhi RT. Reinfection With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: What Goes Around May Come Back Around. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e3009-e3012. [PMID: 33035308 PMCID: PMC7665341 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rajesh T Gandhi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M. Mohareb
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital. Boston, MA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital. Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA
| | - Arthur Y. Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital. Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA
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33
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Kuriakose S, Singh K, Pau AK, Daar E, Gandhi R, Tebas P, Evans L, Gulick RM, Lane HC, Masur H, Aberg JA, Adimora AA, Baker J, Kreuziger LB, Bedimo R, Belperio PS, Cantrill SV, Coopersmith CM, Davis SL, Dzierba AL, Gallagher JJ, Glidden DV, Grund B, Hardy EJ, Hinkson C, Hughes BL, Johnson S, Keller MJ, Kim AY, Lennox JL, Levy MM, Li JZ, Martin GS, Naggie S, Pavia AT, Seam N, Simpson SQ, Swindells S, Tien P, Waghmare AA, Wilson KC, Yazdany J, Zachariah P, Campbell DM, Harrison C, Burgess T, Francis J, Sheikh V, Uyeki TM, Walker R, Brooks JT, Ortiz LB, Davey RT, Doepel LK, Eisinger RW, Han A, Higgs ES, Nason MC, Crew P, Lerner AM, Lund C, Worthington C. Developing Treatment Guidelines During a Pandemic Health Crisis: Lessons Learned From COVID-19. Ann Intern Med 2021; 174:1151-1158. [PMID: 34125574 PMCID: PMC8252833 DOI: 10.7326/m21-1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines began in March 2020 in response to a request from the White House Coronavirus Task Force. Within 4 days of the request, the NIH COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel was established and the first meeting took place (virtually-as did subsequent meetings). The Panel comprises 57 individuals representing 6 governmental agencies, 11 professional societies, and 33 medical centers, plus 2 community members, who have worked together to create and frequently update the guidelines on the basis of evidence from the most recent clinical studies available. The initial version of the guidelines was completed within 2 weeks and posted online on 21 April 2020. Initially, sparse evidence was available to guide COVID-19 treatment recommendations. However, treatment data rapidly accrued based on results from clinical studies that used various study designs and evaluated different therapeutic agents and approaches. Data have continued to evolve at a rapid pace, leading to 24 revisions and updates of the guidelines in the first year. This process has provided important lessons for responding to an unprecedented public health emergency: Providers and stakeholders are eager to access credible, current treatment guidelines; governmental agencies, professional societies, and health care leaders can work together effectively and expeditiously; panelists from various disciplines, including biostatistics, are important for quickly developing well-informed recommendations; well-powered randomized clinical trials continue to provide the most compelling evidence to guide treatment recommendations; treatment recommendations need to be developed in a confidential setting free from external pressures; development of a user-friendly, web-based format for communicating with health care providers requires substantial administrative support; and frequent updates are necessary as clinical evidence rapidly emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Kuriakose
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland (S.K.)
| | - Kanal Singh
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.S., A.K.P., H.C.L., H.M.)
| | - Alice K Pau
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.S., A.K.P., H.C.L., H.M.)
| | - Eric Daar
- Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California (E.D.)
| | - Rajesh Gandhi
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.G.)
| | - Pablo Tebas
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.T.)
| | - Laura Evans
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (L.E.)
| | - Roy M Gulick
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (R.M.G.)
| | - H Clifford Lane
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.S., A.K.P., H.C.L., H.M.)
| | - Henry Masur
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.S., A.K.P., H.C.L., H.M.)
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34
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arthur Y Kim
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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35
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Yates KB, Tonnerre P, Martin GE, Gerdemann U, Al Abosy R, Comstock DE, Weiss SA, Wolski D, Tully DC, Chung RT, Allen TM, Kim AY, Fidler S, Fox J, Frater J, Lauer GM, Haining WN, Sen DR. Epigenetic scars of CD8 + T cell exhaustion persist after cure of chronic infection in humans. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1020-1029. [PMID: 34312547 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T cell exhaustion is an induced state of dysfunction that arises in response to chronic infection and cancer. Exhausted CD8+ T cells acquire a distinct epigenetic state, but it is not known whether that chromatin landscape is fixed or plastic following the resolution of a chronic infection. Here we show that the epigenetic state of exhaustion is largely irreversible, even after curative therapy. Analysis of chromatin accessibility in HCV- and HIV-specific responses identifies a core epigenetic program of exhaustion in CD8+ T cells, which undergoes only limited remodeling before and after resolution of infection. Moreover, canonical features of exhaustion, including super-enhancers near the genes TOX and HIF1A, remain 'epigenetically scarred.' T cell exhaustion is therefore a conserved epigenetic state that becomes fixed and persists independent of chronic antigen stimulation and inflammation. Therapeutic efforts to reverse T cell exhaustion may require new approaches that increase the epigenetic plasticity of exhausted T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen B Yates
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pierre Tonnerre
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Inserm U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Genevieve E Martin
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ulrike Gerdemann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rose Al Abosy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn E Comstock
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah A Weiss
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Wolski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damien C Tully
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Allen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Division of Medicine, Wright Fleming Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.,Imperial College National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Julie Fox
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine and Infectious Disease, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - John Frater
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Debattama R Sen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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36
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Tonnerre P, Wolski D, Subudhi S, Aljabban J, Hoogeveen RC, Damasio M, Drescher HK, Bartsch LM, Tully DC, Sen DR, Bean DJ, Brown J, Torres-Cornejo A, Robidoux M, Kvistad D, Alatrakchi N, Cui A, Lieb D, Cheney JA, Gustafson J, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Massenet-Regad L, Eisenhaure T, Aneja J, Haining WN, Chung RT, Hacohen N, Allen TM, Kim AY, Lauer GM. Differentiation of exhausted CD8 + T cells after termination of chronic antigen stimulation stops short of achieving functional T cell memory. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1030-1041. [PMID: 34312544 PMCID: PMC8323980 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cell exhaustion is associated with failure to clear chronic infections and malignant cells. Defining the molecular mechanisms of T cell exhaustion and reinvigoration is essential to improving immunotherapeutic modalities. Here we confirmed pervasive phenotypic, functional, and transcriptional differences between memory and exhausted antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in human hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection before and after treatment. After viral cure, phenotypic changes in clonally stable exhausted T cell populations suggested differentiation towards a memory-like profile. However, functionally, the cells showed little improvement and critical transcriptional regulators remained in the exhaustion state. Notably, T cells from chronic HCV infection that were exposed to antigen for less time because of viral escape mutations were functionally and transcriptionally more similar to memory T cells from spontaneously resolved HCV infection. Thus, T cell stimulation duration impacts exhaustion recovery, with antigen removal after long-term exhaustion being insufficient for development of functional T cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Tonnerre
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Inserm U976, Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
| | - David Wolski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sonu Subudhi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jihad Aljabban
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruben C Hoogeveen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcos Damasio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah K Drescher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lea M Bartsch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damien C Tully
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Debattama R Sen
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Bean
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joelle Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Almudena Torres-Cornejo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maxwell Robidoux
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Kvistad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nadia Alatrakchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ang Cui
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Lieb
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James A Cheney
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenna Gustafson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jasneet Aneja
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Allen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mohareb AM, Rosenberg JM, Bhattacharyya RP, Kotton CN, Chu JT, Jilg N, Hysell KM, Albin JS, Sen P, Bloom SM, Schiff AE, Zachary KC, Letourneau AR, Kim AY, Hurtado RM. Preventing Infectious Complications of Immunomodulation in COVID-19 in Foreign-Born Patients. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 23:1343-1347. [PMID: 34159495 PMCID: PMC8218971 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulating therapies for COVID-19 may carry risks of reactivating latent infections in foreign-born people. We conducted a rapid review of infection-related complications of immunomodulatory therapies for COVID-19. We convened a committee of specialists to formulate a screening and management strategy for latent infections in our setting. Dexamethasone, used in severe COVID-19, is associated with reactivation of latent tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and dissemination/hyperinfection of Strongyloides species and should prompt screening and/ or empiric treatment in appropriate epidemiologic contexts. Other immunomodulators used in COVID-19 may also increase risk, including interleukin-6 receptor antagonist (e.g., tocilizumab) and kinase inhibitors. People with specific risk factors should also be screened for HIV, Chagas disease, and endemic mycoses. Racial and ethnic minorities in North America, including foreign-born persons, who receive immunomodulating agents for COVID-19 may be at risk for reactivation of latent infections. We develop a screening and management pathway for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Mohareb
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jacob M Rosenberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roby P Bhattacharyya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camille N Kotton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline T Chu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikolaus Jilg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen M Hysell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John S Albin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pritha Sen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth M Bloom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kimon C Zachary
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Alyssa R Letourneau
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rocio M Hurtado
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Global Health Committee, Boston, MA, USA
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Meyerowitz EA, Sen P, Schoenfeld SR, Neilan TG, Frigault MJ, Stone JH, Kim AY, Mansour MK. Immunomodulation as Treatment for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review of Current Modalities and Future Directions. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:e1130-e1143. [PMID: 33216852 PMCID: PMC7717185 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, viral load peaks early and declines quickly after symptom onset. Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is marked by aberrant innate and adaptive immune responses with an abnormal cytokine profile and multiorgan system dysfunction that persists well after viral clearance. A purely antiviral treatment strategy may therefore be insufficient, and antiviral agents have not shown a benefit later in the illness course. A number of immunomodulatory strategies are being tested, including corticosteroids, cytokine and anticytokine therapies, small molecule inhibitors, and cellular therapeutics. To date, the only drug to show a mortality benefit for COVID-19 in a randomized, controlled trial is dexamethasone. However, there remains uncertainty about which patients may benefit most and about longer-term complications, including secondary infections. Here, we review the immune dysregulation of severe COVID-19 and the existing data behind various immunomodulatory strategies, and we consider future directions of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Meyerowitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Pritha Sen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara R Schoenfeld
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tomas G Neilan
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew J Frigault
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John H Stone
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael K Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Siedner MJ, Gandhi RT, Kim AY. Desperate Times Call for Temperate Measures: Practicing Infectious Diseases During a Novel Pandemic. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:1084-1085. [PMID: 32315424 PMCID: PMC7188169 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Siedner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Rajesh T Gandhi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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40
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Bloom PP, Meyerowitz EA, Reinus Z, Daidone M, Gustafson J, Kim AY, Schaefer E, Chung RT. Liver Biochemistries in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19. Hepatology 2021; 73:890-900. [PMID: 32415860 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) leads to elevated liver biochemistries in approximately half of patients on presentation. To date, data are limited regarding the trend of liver biochemistries over the course of illness. We aimed to evaluate the trend, etiology, and outcomes associated with liver biochemistries in COVID-19. APPROACH AND RESULTS A total of 60 patients with COVID-19 were admitted between March 21 and March 28, 2020. The mean age was 57 years, 65% were male, and 28% were Hispanic. At the study conclusion, 6 patients were deceased, 28 were discharged, and 26 remained admitted. Patients who remained admitted were followed for a median of 12 days. Of 60 patients, 41 (69%) had at least one abnormal liver biochemistry on admission. Median aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was higher than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at admission (46 vs. 30 U/L) and during the hospital course. Aminotransferases rose above normal in 54 (93%) patients, whereas alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin elevations were rare. Ten (17%) patients developed aminotransferases more than 5 times the upper limit of normal. AST highly correlated with ALT throughout the illness course (r = 0.97; P < 0.0001), whereas correlations with markers of muscle injury and inflammation were weak. Statin use was common before (40%) and during admission (80%) at our center, with no difference in peak liver biochemistries between users and nonusers. No demographic or comorbid illness was associated with liver injury. Admission AST (69 vs. 49; P < 0.05), peak AST (364 vs. 77; P = 0.003), and peak ALT (220 vs. 52; P = 0.002) were higher in intubated patients. CONCLUSIONS AST-dominant aminotransferase elevation is common in COVID-19, mirrors disease severity, and appears to reflect true hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P Bloom
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Eric A Meyerowitz
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Division of Infectious DiseaseDepartment of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Zoe Reinus
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Michael Daidone
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Jenna Gustafson
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Division of Infectious DiseaseDepartment of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Esperance Schaefer
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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41
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Serling-Boyd N, Mohareb AM, Kim AY, Hyle EP, Wallace ZS. The use of tocilizumab and tofacitinib in patients with resolved hepatitis B infection: a case series. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:274-276. [PMID: 32732241 PMCID: PMC7855328 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Serling-Boyd
- Rheumatology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amir M Mohareb
- Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily P Hyle
- Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary S Wallace
- Rheumatology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel N Desai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento
- Associate Editor, JAMA Network Open
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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Geddes L, Iversen J, Wand H, Esmaeili A, Tsui J, Hellard M, Dore G, Grebely J, Dietze P, Bruneau J, Prins M, Morris MD, Shoukry NH, Lloyd AR, Kim AY, Lauer G, Cox AL, Page K, Maher L. Sex Discrepancies in the Protective Effect of Opioid Agonist Therapy on Incident Hepatitis C Infection. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:123-131. [PMID: 30816419 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While opioid agonist therapy (OAT) reduces the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) acquisition among people who inject drugs (PWID), protective effects may be attenuated in females. We used pooled data from an international collaboration of prospective cohorts to assess sex disparities in HCV incidence among PWID exposed to OAT. METHODS Independent predictors of HCV infection were identified using Cox regression models with random effects after accounting for the clustering effect of study sites. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are presented in sex-specific analyses. RESULTS Among 701 participants exposed to OAT, HCV incidence was 16.5/100 person-years of observation (PYO) (95% CI, 13.1-20.7) in females and 7.6/100 PYO (95% CI, 6.0-9.5) in males (female:male adjusted HR [aHR], 1.80 [95% CI, 1.37-2.22]; P < .001). Factors associated with HCV acquisition among females exposed to OAT included nonwhite race (aHR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.25-2.56]; P = .001), unstable housing (aHR, 4.00 [95% CI, 3.62-4.41]; P < .001), daily or more frequent injection (aHR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.01-2.08]; P = .042), and receptive syringe sharing (aHR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.33-1.53]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Female PWID exposed to OAT are twice as likely as their male counterparts to acquire HCV. While there is a need for better understanding of sex differences in immune function and opioid pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, structural and behavioral interventions that target women are required to bolster the efficacy of OAT in preventing HCV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Geddes
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | - Jenny Iversen
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | - Handan Wand
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | - Aryan Esmaeili
- Clinical Research Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Judith Tsui
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | | | - Gregory Dore
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason Grebely
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Dietze
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Le Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria Prins
- Cluster Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, The Netherlands
| | | | - Naglaa H Shoukry
- Le Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Georg Lauer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea L Cox
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kimberly Page
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
| | - Lisa Maher
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
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44
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Stone JH, Frigault MJ, Serling-Boyd NJ, Fernandes AD, Harvey L, Foulkes AS, Horick NK, Healy BC, Shah R, Bensaci AM, Woolley AE, Nikiforow S, Lin N, Sagar M, Schrager H, Huckins DS, Axelrod M, Pincus MD, Fleisher J, Sacks CA, Dougan M, North CM, Halvorsen YD, Thurber TK, Dagher Z, Scherer A, Wallwork RS, Kim AY, Schoenfeld S, Sen P, Neilan TG, Perugino CA, Unizony SH, Collier DS, Matza MA, Yinh JM, Bowman KA, Meyerowitz E, Zafar A, Drobni ZD, Bolster MB, Kohler M, D'Silva KM, Dau J, Lockwood MM, Cubbison C, Weber BN, Mansour MK. Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:2333-2344. [PMID: 33085857 PMCID: PMC7646626 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2028836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 928] [Impact Index Per Article: 232.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of interleukin-6 receptor blockade in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) who are not receiving mechanical ventilation is unclear. METHODS We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, hyperinflammatory states, and at least two of the following signs: fever (body temperature >38°C), pulmonary infiltrates, or the need for supplemental oxygen in order to maintain an oxygen saturation greater than 92%. Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive standard care plus a single dose of either tocilizumab (8 mg per kilogram of body weight) or placebo. The primary outcome was intubation or death, assessed in a time-to-event analysis. The secondary efficacy outcomes were clinical worsening and discontinuation of supplemental oxygen among patients who had been receiving it at baseline, both assessed in time-to-event analyses. RESULTS We enrolled 243 patients; 141 (58%) were men, and 102 (42%) were women. The median age was 59.8 years (range, 21.7 to 85.4), and 45% of the patients were Hispanic or Latino. The hazard ratio for intubation or death in the tocilizumab group as compared with the placebo group was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38 to 1.81; P = 0.64), and the hazard ratio for disease worsening was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.59 to 2.10; P = 0.73). At 14 days, 18.0% of the patients in the tocilizumab group and 14.9% of the patients in the placebo group had had worsening of disease. The median time to discontinuation of supplemental oxygen was 5.0 days (95% CI, 3.8 to 7.6) in the tocilizumab group and 4.9 days (95% CI, 3.8 to 7.8) in the placebo group (P = 0.69). At 14 days, 24.6% of the patients in the tocilizumab group and 21.2% of the patients in the placebo group were still receiving supplemental oxygen. Patients who received tocilizumab had fewer serious infections than patients who received placebo. CONCLUSIONS Tocilizumab was not effective for preventing intubation or death in moderately ill hospitalized patients with Covid-19. Some benefit or harm cannot be ruled out, however, because the confidence intervals for efficacy comparisons were wide. (Funded by Genentech; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04356937.).
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Stone
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Matthew J Frigault
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Naomi J Serling-Boyd
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Ana D Fernandes
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Liam Harvey
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Andrea S Foulkes
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Nora K Horick
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Brian C Healy
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Ruta Shah
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Ana Maria Bensaci
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Ann E Woolley
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Nikiforow
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Nina Lin
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Manish Sagar
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Harry Schrager
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - David S Huckins
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Axelrod
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Michael D Pincus
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Jorge Fleisher
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Chana A Sacks
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Michael Dougan
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Crystal M North
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Yuan-Di Halvorsen
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Tara K Thurber
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Zeina Dagher
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Allison Scherer
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Rachel S Wallwork
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Sara Schoenfeld
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Pritha Sen
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Tomas G Neilan
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Cory A Perugino
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Sebastian H Unizony
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Deborah S Collier
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Mark A Matza
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Janeth M Yinh
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn A Bowman
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Eric Meyerowitz
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Amna Zafar
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Zsofia D Drobni
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Marcy B Bolster
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Minna Kohler
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Kristin M D'Silva
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Dau
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Megan M Lockwood
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Caroline Cubbison
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Brittany N Weber
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
| | - Michael K Mansour
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.S., M.J.F., N.J.S.-B., A.D.F., L.H., A.S.F., N.K.H., B.C.H., C.A.S., M.D., C.M.N., Y.-D.H., T.K.T., Z.D., A.S., R.S.W., A.Y.K., S.S., P.S., T.G.N., C.A.P., S.H.U., D.S.C., M.A.M., J.M.Y., K.A.B., E.M., A.Z., Z.D.D., M.B.B., M.K., K.M.D., J.D., M.M.L., M.K.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (A.E.W., S.N., B.N.W.), and Boston Medical Center (N.L., M.S.), Boston, North Shore Medical Center, Salem (R.S., A.M.B., C.C.), Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton (H.S., D.S.H.), Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington (M.A., M.D.P.), and St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton (J.F.) - all in Massachusetts
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Vergara C, Duggal P, Thio CL, Valencia A, O'Brien TR, Latanich R, Timp W, Johnson EO, Kral AH, Mangia A, Goedert JJ, Piazzola V, Mehta SH, Kirk GD, Peters MG, Donfield SM, Edlin BR, Busch MP, Alexander G, Murphy EL, Kim AY, Lauer GM, Chung RT, Cramp ME, Cox AL, Khakoo SI, Rosen HR, Alric L, Wheelan SJ, Wojcik GL, Thomas DL, Taub MA. Correction: Multi-ancestry fine mapping of interferon lambda and the outcome of acute hepatitis C virus infection. Genes Immun 2020; 21:420. [PMID: 33230236 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-020-00119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Vergara
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Priya Duggal
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chloe L Thio
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana Valencia
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Thomas R O'Brien
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Latanich
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Winston Timp
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Alex H Kral
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valeria Piazzola
- Liver Unit IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory D Kirk
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marion G Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Brian R Edlin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Graeme Alexander
- The Royal Free Hospital, University College London Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, London, UK
| | - Edward L Murphy
- Vitalant Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrea L Cox
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Toulouse 3 University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah J Wheelan
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Genevieve L Wojcik
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David L Thomas
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret A Taub
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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46
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Vergara C, Duggal P, Thio CL, Valencia A, O’Brien TR, Latanich R, Timp W, Johnson EO, Kral AH, Mangia A, Goedert JJ, Piazzola V, Mehta SH, Kirk GD, Peters MG, Donfield SM, Edlin BR, Busch MP, Alexander G, Murphy EL, Kim AY, Lauer GM, Chung RT, Cramp ME, Cox AL, Khakoo SI, Rosen HR, Alric L, Wheelan SJ, Wojcik GL, Thomas DL, Taub MA. Multi-ancestry fine mapping of interferon lambda and the outcome of acute hepatitis C virus infection. Genes Immun 2020; 21:348-359. [PMID: 33116245 PMCID: PMC7657970 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-020-00115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clearance of acute infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with the chr19q13.13 region containing the rs368234815 (TT/ΔG) polymorphism. We fine-mapped this region to detect possible causal variants that may contribute to HCV clearance. First, we performed sequencing of IFNL1-IFNL4 region in 64 individuals sampled according to rs368234815 genotype: TT/clearance (N = 16) and ΔG/persistent (N = 15) (genotype-outcome concordant) or TT/persistent (N = 19) and ΔG/clearance (N = 14) (discordant). 25 SNPs had a difference in counts of alternative allele >5 between clearance and persistence individuals. Then, we evaluated those markers in an association analysis of HCV clearance conditioning on rs368234815 in two groups of European (692 clearance/1 025 persistence) and African ancestry (320 clearance/1 515 persistence) individuals. 10/25 variants were associated (P < 0.05) in the conditioned analysis leaded by rs4803221 (P value = 4.9 × 10-04) and rs8099917 (P value = 5.5 × 10-04). In the European ancestry group, individuals with the haplotype rs368234815ΔG/rs4803221C were 1.7× more likely to clear than those with the rs368234815ΔG/rs4803221G haplotype (P value = 3.6 × 10-05). For another nearby SNP, the haplotype of rs368234815ΔG/rs8099917T was associated with HCV clearance compared to rs368234815ΔG/rs8099917G (OR: 1.6, P value = 1.8 × 10-04). We identified four possible causal variants: rs368234815, rs12982533, rs10612351 and rs4803221. Our results suggest a main signal of association represented by rs368234815, with contributions from rs4803221, and/or nearby SNPs including rs8099917.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Vergara
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. USA
| | - Priya Duggal
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. USA
| | - Chloe L. Thio
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana Valencia
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Thomas R. O’Brien
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Latanich
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Winston Timp
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Alex H. Kral
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. USA
| | - Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - James J. Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. USA
| | - Valeria Piazzola
- Liver Unit IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Shruti H. Mehta
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. USA
| | - Gregory D. Kirk
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. USA
| | - Marion G. Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, CA., USA
| | | | - Brian R. Edlin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA., USA
| | - Michael P. Busch
- University of California San Francisco and Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA., USA
| | - Graeme Alexander
- University College London Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, The Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Edward L. Murphy
- University of California San Francisco and Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA., USA
| | - Arthur Y. Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. USA
| | - Georg M. Lauer
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,USA
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,USA
| | | | - Andrea L. Cox
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Salim I. Khakoo
- University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Toulouse 3 University, France
| | - Sarah J. Wheelan
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. USA.,Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Genevieve L. Wojcik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA., USA
| | - David L. Thomas
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret A. Taub
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. USA
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47
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Vergara C, Valencia A, Thio CL, Goedert JJ, Mangia A, Piazzolla V, Johnson E, Kral AH, O'Brien TR, Mehta SH, Kirk GD, Kim AY, Lauer GM, Chung RT, Cox AL, Peters MG, Khakoo SI, Alric L, Cramp ME, Donfield SM, Edlin BR, Busch MP, Alexander G, Rosen HR, Murphy EL, Wojcik GL, Taub MA, Thomas DL, Duggal P. A Multiancestry Sex-Stratified Genome-Wide Association Study of Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:2090-2098. [PMID: 33119750 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is more common in women than in men, independent of known risk factors. METHODS To identify sex-specific genetic loci, we studied 4423 HCV-infected individuals (2903 male, 1520 female) of European, African, and Hispanic ancestry. We performed autosomal, and X chromosome sex-stratified and combined association analyses in each ancestry group. RESULTS A male-specific region near the adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor-like 5B (ARL5B) gene was identified. Individuals with the C allele of rs76398191 were about 30% more likely to have chronic HCV infection than individuals with the T allele (OR, 0.69; P = 1.98 × 10-07), and this was not seen in females. The ARL5B gene encodes an interferon-stimulated gene that inhibits immune response to double-stranded RNA viruses. We also identified suggestive associations near septin 6 and ribosomal protein L39 genes on the X chromosome. In box sexes, allele G of rs12852885 was associated with a 40% increase in HCV clearance compared with the A allele (OR, 1.4; P = 2.46 × 10-06). Septin 6 facilitates HCV replication via interaction with the HCV NS5b protein, and ribosomal protein L39 acts as an HCV core interactor. CONCLUSIONS These novel gene associations support differential mechanisms of HCV clearance between the sexes and provide biological targets for treatment or vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Vergara
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ana Valencia
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Chloe L Thio
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Valeria Piazzolla
- Liver Unit IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Eric Johnson
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alex H Kral
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas R O'Brien
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory D Kirk
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea L Cox
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marion G Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, CHU Rangueil, UMR 152 IRD, Toulouse 3 University, France
| | | | | | - Brian R Edlin
- SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- University of California and Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Graeme Alexander
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, Hampstead, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Edward L Murphy
- University of California and Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Genevieve L Wojcik
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret A Taub
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David L Thomas
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Priya Duggal
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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48
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Chen DY, Wolski D, Aneja J, Matsubara L, Robilotti B, Hauck G, de Sousa PSF, Subudhi S, Fernandes CA, Hoogeveen RC, Kim AY, Lewis-Ximenez L, Lauer GM. Hepatitis C virus-specific CD4+ T cell phenotype and function in different infection outcomes. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:768-773. [PMID: 31904582 DOI: 10.1172/jci126277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cell failure is a hallmark of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the mechanisms underlying the impairment and loss of virus-specific CD4+ T cells in persisting HCV infection remain unclear. Here we examined HCV-specific CD4+ T cells longitudinally during acute infection with different infection outcomes. We found that HCV-specific CD4+ T cells are characterized by expression of a narrower range of T cell inhibitory receptors compared with CD8+ T cells, with initially high expression levels of PD-1 and CTLA-4 that were associated with negative regulation of proliferation in all patients, irrespective of outcome. In addition, HCV-specific CD4+ T cells were phenotypically similar during early resolving and persistent infection and secreted similar levels of cytokines. However, upon viral control, CD4+ T cells quickly downregulated inhibitory receptors and differentiated into long-lived memory cells. In contrast, persisting viremia continued to drive T cell activation and PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression, and blocked T cell differentiation, until the cells quickly disappeared from the circulation. Our data support an important and physiological role for inhibitory receptor-mediated regulation of CD4+ T cells in early HCV infection, irrespective of outcome, with persistent HCV viremia leading to sustained upregulation of PD-1 and CTLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jasneet Aneja
- Gastrointestinal Unit and.,Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arthur Y Kim
- Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lia Lewis-Ximenez
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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49
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Desai N, Neyaz A, Szabolcs A, Shih AR, Chen JH, Thapar V, Nieman LT, Solovyov A, Mehta A, Lieb DJ, Kulkarni AS, Jaicks C, Pinto CJ, Juric D, Chebib I, Colvin RB, Kim AY, Monroe R, Warren SE, Danaher P, Reeves JW, Gong J, Rueckert EH, Greenbaum BD, Hacohen N, Lagana SM, Rivera MN, Sholl LM, Stone JR, Ting DT, Deshpande V. Temporal and Spatial Heterogeneity of Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Pulmonary Infection. medRxiv 2020:2020.07.30.20165241. [PMID: 32766600 PMCID: PMC7402055 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.30.20165241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of SARS-CoV-2 lung infection and severity of pulmonary disease is not fully understood. We analyzed autopsy specimens from 24 patients who succumbed to SARS-CoV-2 infection using a combination of different RNA and protein analytical platforms to characterize inter- and intra- patient heterogeneity of pulmonary virus infection. There was a spectrum of high and low virus cases that was associated with duration of disease and activation of interferon pathway genes. Using a digital spatial profiling platform, the virus corresponded to distinct spatial expression of interferon response genes and immune checkpoint genes demonstrating the intra-pulmonary heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati Desai
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Azfar Neyaz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan H. Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vishal Thapar
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Linda T. Nieman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Arnav Mehta
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dejan Juric
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ivan Chebib
- Department of Pathology, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Monroe
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, a Bio-Techne Brand, Newark, CA 94560, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nir Hacohen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Stephen M. Lagana
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Miguel N. Rivera
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lynette M. Sholl
- Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - David T. Ting
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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50
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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