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Karasz A, Merchant K, Singh R, Thomas A, Borsuk C, McKee D, Duryea P, Kim AY, Mehta S, Norton BL, Page K, Pericot-Valverde I, Sedillo S, Stein ES, Taylor LE, Tsui J, Litwin A. The experience of re-infection among people who inject drugs successfully treated for hepatitis C. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2023; 146:208937. [PMID: 36880897 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2022.208937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Highly effective direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents have changed the landscape of hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) treatment and have become more available to people who inject drugs (PWID) over the past several years. Although many achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR), a small proportion will become re-infected. This study examined experiences of re-infection among participants in Project HERO, a large multi-site treatment trial designed to test alternative treatment delivery models for DAAs. METHODS Study staff conducted qualitative interviews with twenty-three HERO participants who experienced reinfection following successful treatment for HCV. Interviews focused on life circumstances and experiences with treatment/re-infection. We conducted a thematic analysis, followed by a narrative analysis. RESULTS Participants described challenging life circumstances. The initial experience of cure was joyful, leading participants to feel that they had escaped a defiled, stigmatized identity. Re-infection was very painful. Feelings of shame were common. Participants with fully developed narratives of re-infection described both a strong emotional response as well as a plan for avoiding re-infection during retreatment. Participants who lack such stories showed signs of hopelessness and apathy. CONCLUSION Though the promise of personal transformation through SVR may be motivating for patients, clinicians should be cautious about how they describe the "cure" when educating patients about HCV treatment. Patients should be encouraged to avoid stigmatizing, dichotomizing language of the self, including terms such as "dirty" and "clean." In acknowledging the benefits of HCV cure, clinicians should emphasize that re-infection does not mean failed treatment; and that current treatment guidelines support retreatment of re-infected PWID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krupa Merchant
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, United States of America
| | - Reena Singh
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
| | - Aurielle Thomas
- University of Rhode Island, 80 Washington Street, Rm. 525, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America
| | - Courtney Borsuk
- Johns Hopkins, 615 N. Wolfe St., E6536, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Diane McKee
- University of Massachusetts School of Medicine 55 Lake Ave. North Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Patrick Duryea
- University of Rhode Island, Burnett Hall 1220 T St., Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street Cox 5, Boston, MA 02130, United States of America
| | - Shruti Mehta
- Johns Hopkins, 615 N. Wolfe St., E6546, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Brianna L Norton
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 3330 Kossuth Ave., Bronx, NY 10467, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Page
- University of New Mexico, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, MSC10 5550 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Irene Pericot-Valverde
- Clemson University, College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, 605 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, United States of America
| | - Sandra Sedillo
- University of New Mexico, MSC10 5550 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Ellen S Stein
- University of California, San Francisco, Mission Hall, 550-16th St., Suite 300, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States of America
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- University of Rhode Island, CODAC Behavioral Health, 80 Washington Street, Rm. 525, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America
| | - Judith Tsui
- University of Washington, Box 359780, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104, United States of America
| | - Alain Litwin
- Prisma Health/Clemson University, Department of Medicine, Prisma Health Greenville Memorial Hospital Medical Support Tower, 5th Floor 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29695, United States of America
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Seide K, Casanova FO, Ramirez E, McKenna M, Cepeda A, Nowotny KM. Piloting a Flexible Solicited Diary Study With Marginalized Latina Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Qual Methods 2023; 22:16094069231183119. [PMID: 37323922 PMCID: PMC10258653 DOI: 10.1177/16094069231183119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the experiences of minority stress among Latina women who have sex with both women and men (WSWM), a sexual and gender minority group situated at the intersection of multiple marginalized identities. The current article presents an exploratory study aimed at addressing this knowledge gap. The research utilized a flexible diary-interview method (DIM) to investigate stress-related experiences among Mexican American WSWM residing in an economically disadvantaged community in the U.S. during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A detailed description of the study is provided, including information on the background, methodology, participants' experiences, and how the project was managed remotely by a virtual research team. Twenty-one participants were asked to maintain a diary for a 6-week period spanning from March to September 2021. They submitted weekly entries in diverse formats (visual, audio, typed, and handwritten) through a user-friendly website or via mail while communicating regularly with researchers over the phone. Following the diarizing period, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to clarify pertinent information within the entries and validate researchers' preliminary interpretations. Out of the initial 21 enrollees, 14 participants stopped diarizing at different stages, and nine completed the entire study. Despite facing challenges exacerbated by the pandemic, participants reported the diary-keeping process as a positive experience that offered an authentic outlet to share parts of their lives they seldom reveal. The implementation of this study highlights two significant methodological insights. Firstly, it emphasizes the value of employing a DIM to explore intersectional narratives. Secondly, it underscores the importance of adopting a flexible and sensitive approach in qualitative health research, particularly when engaging individuals from minoritized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapriskie Seide
- Department of Sociology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA
| | - Felicia O. Casanova
- Miller School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for HIV and Research in Mental Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Esmeralda Ramirez
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melanie McKenna
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alice Cepeda
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Nowotny
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Dilgul M, Martinez J, Laxhman N, Priebe S, Bird V. Cognitive behavioural therapy in virtual reality treatments across mental health conditions: a systematic review. Consort Psychiatr 2020; 1:30-46. [PMID: 38680386 PMCID: PMC11047275 DOI: 10.17650/2712-7672-2020-1-1-30-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Virtual reality (VR) has been effectively used in the treatment of many mental health disorders.However, significant gaps exist in the literature. There is no treatment framework for researchers to use when developing new VR treatments. One recommended treatment across a range of diagnoses, which may be suitable for use in VR treatments, is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). The aim of this systematic review is to investigateCBT treatment methods that utilize VR to treat mental health disorders. Objectives To investigate how CBT has been used in VR to treat mental health disorders and to report onthe treatment characteristics (number of sessions, duration, and frequency) that are linked to effective and ineffective trials. Methods Studies were included if patients had a mental health diagnosis and their treatment included immersiveVR technology and CBT principles. Data were extracted in relation to treatment characteristics and outcomes,and analysed using narrative synthesis. Results Ninety-three studies were analysed. Exposure-based VR treatments were mainly used to treat anxiety related disorders. Treatments generally consisted of eight sessions, once a week for approximately one hour. VR treatments were commonly equal to or more effective than traditional face-to-face methods. No specific treatment characteristics were linked to this effectiveness. Conclusion The number, frequency and duration of the VR treatment sessions identified in this review, could be used as a treatment framework by researchers and clinicians. This could potentially save researchers time and money when developing new interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Dilgul
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London
- East London NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Jasmine Martinez
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London
- East London NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Neelam Laxhman
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London
- East London NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London
- East London NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Victoria Bird
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London
- East London NHS Foundation Trust
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Ross L, Danforth CM, Eppstein MJ, Clarfeld LA, Durieux BN, Gramling CJ, Hirsch L, Rizzo DM, Gramling R. Story Arcs in Serious Illness: Natural Language Processing features of Palliative Care Conversations. Patient Educ Couns 2020; 103:826-832. [PMID: 31831305 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serious illness conversations are complex clinical narratives that remain poorly understood. Natural Language Processing (NLP) offers new approaches for identifying hidden patterns within the lexicon of stories that may reveal insights about the taxonomy of serious illness conversations. METHODS We analyzed verbatim transcripts from 354 consultations involving 231 patients and 45 palliative care clinicians from the Palliative Care Communication Research Initiative. We stratified each conversation into deciles of "narrative time" based on word counts. We used standard NLP analyses to examine the frequency and distribution of words and phrases indicating temporal reference, illness terminology, sentiment and modal verbs (indicating possibility/desirability). RESULTS Temporal references shifted steadily from talking about the past to talking about the future over deciles of narrative time. Conversations progressed incrementally from "sadder" to "happier" lexicon; reduction in illness terminology accounted substantially for this pattern. We observed the following sequence in peak frequency over narrative time: symptom terms, treatment terms, prognosis terms and modal verbs indicating possibility. CONCLUSIONS NLP methods can identify narrative arcs in serious illness conversations. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Fully automating NLP methods will allow for efficient, large scale and real time measurement of serious illness conversations for research, education and system re-design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Donna M Rizzo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Robert Gramling
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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Lindenfalk B, Vimarlund V. Understanding Through Use: Elderly's Value Identification in a Service Experience. Stud Health Technol Inform 2017; 241:103-108. [PMID: 28809191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper uses a qualitative approach, specifically; narrative analysis, to contextualize user's formulation of an understanding of a personalized meal planning service within the ambient assisted living domain. By focusing on how user's, in this case elderly over 65, formed an understanding of a service, and, what they thought valuable in using the service, based on their understanding. The results indicate how user's compare their initial understanding to their experienced understanding, formed during usage, and how this affects their value formulation of specific service aspects. The paper gives not only provides valuable insight into contextualizing aspects of health and wellness services, but to aspects of importance for implementation, by showing how value aspects of services from a user perspective are important to consider during these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertil Lindenfalk
- Jönköping University - International Business School, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Vivian Vimarlund
- Jönköping University - International Business School, Jönköping, Sweden
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