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Singh K, Rubenstein K, Callier V, Shaw-Saliba K, Rupert A, Dewar R, Laverdure S, Highbarger H, Lallemand P, Huang ML, Jerome KR, Sampoleo R, Mills MG, Greninger AL, Juneja K, Porter D, Benson CA, Dempsey W, El Sahly HM, Focht C, Jilg N, Paules CI, Rapaka RR, Uyeki TM, Lane HC, Beigel J, Dodd LE. SARS-CoV-2 RNA and nucleocapsid antigen are blood biomarkers associated with severe disease outcomes that improve in response to remdesivir. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae198. [PMID: 38657001 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although antivirals remain important for the treatment COVID-19, methods to assess treatment efficacy are lacking. Here, we investigated the impact of remdesivir on viral dynamics and their contribution to understanding antiviral efficacy in the multicenter ACTT-1 clinical trial that randomized patients to remdesivir or placebo. METHODS Longitudinal specimens collected during hospitalization from a substudy of 642 COVID-19 patients were measured for viral RNA (upper respiratory tract and plasma), viral nucleocapsid antigen (serum), and host immunologic markers. Associations with clinical outcomes and response to therapy were assessed. RESULTS Higher baseline plasma viral loads were associated with poorer clinical outcomes, and decreases in viral RNA and antigen in blood but not the upper respiratory tract correlated with enhanced benefit from remdesivir. The treatment effect of remdesivir was most pronounced in patients with elevated baseline nucleocapsid antigen levels: the recovery rate ratio was 1.95 (95%CI 1.40-2.71) for levels >245 pg/ml vs 1.04 (95%CI 0.76-1.42) for levels < 245 pg/ml. Remdesivir also accelerated the rate of viral RNA and antigen clearance in blood, and patients whose blood levels decreased were more likely to recover and survive. CONCLUSIONS Reductions in SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antigen levels in blood correlated with clinical benefit from antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanal Singh
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Rubenstein
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Viviane Callier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Katy Shaw-Saliba
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam Rupert
- National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Robin Dewar
- National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Meei-Li Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Keith R Jerome
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Reigran Sampoleo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Margaret G Mills
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Walla Dempsey
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hana M El Sahly
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Nikolaus Jilg
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catharine I Paules
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rekha R Rapaka
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H Clifford Lane
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Beigel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lori E Dodd
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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2
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Kim AE, Bennett JC, Luiten K, O'Hanlon JA, Wolf CR, Magedson A, Han PD, Acker Z, Regelbrugge L, McCaffrey KM, Stone J, Reinhart D, Capodanno BJ, Morse SS, Bedford T, Englund JA, Boeckh M, Starita LM, Uyeki TM, Carone M, Weil A, Chu HY. Comparative diagnostic utility of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen and molecular testing in a community setting. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae150. [PMID: 38531685 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) have become widely utilized but longitudinal characterization of their community-based performance remains incompletely understood. METHODS This prospective longitudinal study at a large public university in Seattle, WA utilized remote enrollment, online surveys, and self-collected nasal swab specimens to evaluate Ag-RDT performance against real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) in the context of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. Ag-RDT sensitivity and specificity within 1 day of rRT-PCR were evaluated by symptom status throughout the illness episode and Orf1b cycle threshold (Ct). RESULTS From February to December 2022, 5,757 participants reported 17,572 Ag-RDT results and completed 12,674 rRT-PCR tests, of which 995 (7.9%) were rRT-PCR-positive. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 53.0% (95% CI: 49.6-56.4%) and 98.8% (98.5-99.0%), respectively. Sensitivity was comparatively higher for Ag-RDTs used 1 day after rRT-PCR (69.0%), 4 to 7 days post-symptom onset (70.1%), and Orf1b Ct ≤20 (82.7%). Serial Ag-RDT sensitivity increased with repeat testing ≥2 (68.5%) and ≥4 (75.8%) days after an initial Ag-RDT-negative result. CONCLUSION Ag-RDT performance varied by clinical characteristics and temporal testing patterns. Our findings support recommendations for serial testing following an initial Ag-RDT-negative result, especially among recently symptomatic persons or those at high-risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Kim
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia C Bennett
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyle Luiten
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica A O'Hanlon
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caitlin R Wolf
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ariana Magedson
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter D Han
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zack Acker
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lani Regelbrugge
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jeremey Stone
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Reinhart
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Capodanno
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen S Morse
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Michael Boeckh
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lea M Starita
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marco Carone
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ana Weil
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Emanuels A, Casto AM, Heimonen J, O'Hanlon J, Chow EJ, Ogokeh C, Rolfes MA, Han PD, Hughes JP, Uyeki TM, Frazar C, Chung E, Starita LM, Englund JA, Chu HY. Remote surveillance and detection of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among household members in King County, Washington. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:309. [PMID: 38481147 PMCID: PMC10936024 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was important to better understand transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Household contacts of infected individuals are particularly at risk for infection, but delays in contact tracing, delays in testing contacts, and isolation and quarantine posed challenges to accurately capturing secondary household cases. METHODS In this study, 346 households in the Seattle region were provided with respiratory specimen collection kits and remotely monitored using web-based surveys for respiratory illness symptoms weekly between October 1, 2020, and June 20, 2021. Symptomatic participants collected respiratory specimens at symptom onset and mailed specimens to the central laboratory in Seattle. Specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR with whole genome sequencing attempted when positive. SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals were notified, and their household contacts submitted specimens every 2 days for 14 days. RESULTS In total, 1371 participants collected 2029 specimens that were tested; 16 individuals (1.2%) within 6 households tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the study period. Full genome sequences were generated from 11 individuals within 4 households. Very little genetic variation was found among SARS-CoV-2 viruses sequenced from different individuals in the same household, supporting transmission within the household. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates web-based surveillance of respiratory symptoms, combined with rapid and longitudinal specimen collection and remote contact tracing, provides a viable strategy to monitor households and detect household transmission of SARS-CoV-2. TRIAL REGISTRATION IDENTIFIER NCT04141930, Date of registration 28/10/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Emanuels
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, UW Medicine Box 358061, Chu Lab Room E630, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Amanda M Casto
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, UW Medicine Box 358061, Chu Lab Room E630, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica Heimonen
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, UW Medicine Box 358061, Chu Lab Room E630, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jessica O'Hanlon
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, UW Medicine Box 358061, Chu Lab Room E630, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Eric J Chow
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, UW Medicine Box 358061, Chu Lab Room E630, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Constance Ogokeh
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa A Rolfes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter D Han
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James P Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christian Frazar
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erin Chung
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, UW Medicine Box 358061, Chu Lab Room E630, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Lea M Starita
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, UW Medicine Box 358061, Chu Lab Room E630, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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4
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Bennett JC, Luiten KG, O'Hanlon J, Han PD, McDonald D, Wright T, Wolf CR, Lo NK, Acker Z, Regelbrugge L, McCaffrey KM, Pfau B, Stone J, Schwabe-Fry K, Lockwood CM, Guthrie BL, Gottlieb GS, Englund JA, Uyeki TM, Carone M, Starita LM, Weil AA, Chu HY. Utilizing a university testing program to estimate relative effectiveness of monovalent COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccine versus two-dose primary series against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccine 2024; 42:1332-1341. [PMID: 38307746 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies utilizing the test-negative design are typically conducted in clinical settings, rather than community populations, leading to bias in VE estimates against mild disease and limited information on VE in healthy young adults. In a community-based university population, we utilized data from a large SARS-CoV-2 testing program to estimate relative VE of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine primary series and monovalent booster dose versus primary series only against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection from September 2021 to July 2022. We used the test-negative design and logistic regression implemented via generalized estimating equations adjusted for age, calendar time, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and testing frequency (proxy for test-seeking behavior) to estimate relative VE. Analyses included 2,218 test-positive cases (59 % received monovalent booster dose) and 9,615 test-negative controls (62 %) from 9,066 individuals, with median age of 21 years, mostly students (71 %), White (56 %) or Asian (28 %), and with few comorbidities (3 %). More cases (23 %) than controls (6 %) had COVID-19-like illness. Estimated adjusted relative VE of primary series and monovalent booster dose versus primary series only against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was 40 % (95 % CI: 33-47 %) during the overall analysis period and 46 % (39-52 %) during the period of Omicron circulation. Relative VE was greater for those without versus those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (41 %, 34-48 % versus 33 %, 9 %-52 %, P < 0.001). Relative VE was also greater in the six months after receiving a booster dose (41 %, 33-47 %) compared to more than six months (27 %, 8-42 %), but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.06). In this relatively young and healthy adult population, an mRNA monovalent booster dose provided increased protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, overall and with the Omicron variant. University testing programs may be utilized for estimating VE in healthy young adults, a population that is not well-represented by routine VE studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Bennett
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Kyle G Luiten
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica O'Hanlon
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter D Han
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Devon McDonald
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tessa Wright
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caitlin R Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Natalie K Lo
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zack Acker
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Pfau
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeremey Stone
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Christina M Lockwood
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Brandon L Guthrie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Gottlieb
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Environmental Health & Safety Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marco Carone
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lea M Starita
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ana A Weil
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Heimonen J, Chow EJ, Wang Y, Hughes JP, Rogers J, Emanuels A, O’Hanlon J, Han PD, Wolf CR, Logue JK, Ogokeh CE, Rolfes MA, Uyeki TM, Starita L, Englund JA, Chu HY. Risk of Subsequent Respiratory Virus Detection After Primary Virus Detection in a Community Household Study-King County, Washington, 2019-2021. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:422-431. [PMID: 37531658 PMCID: PMC10873185 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of respiratory viral infections is complex. How infection with one respiratory virus affects risk of subsequent infection with the same or another respiratory virus is not well described. METHODS From October 2019 to June 2021, enrolled households completed active surveillance for acute respiratory illness (ARI), and participants with ARI self-collected nasal swab specimens; after April 2020, participants with ARI or laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and their household members self-collected nasal swab specimens. Specimens were tested using multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for respiratory viruses. A Cox regression model with a time-dependent covariate examined risk of subsequent detections following a specific primary viral detection. RESULTS Rhinovirus was the most frequently detected pathogen in study specimens (406 [9.5%]). Among 51 participants with multiple viral detections, rhinovirus to seasonal coronavirus (8 [14.8%]) was the most common viral detection pairing. Relative to no primary detection, there was a 1.03-2.06-fold increase in risk of subsequent virus detection in the 90 days after primary detection; risk varied by primary virus: human parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Primary virus detection was associated with higher risk of subsequent virus detection within the first 90 days after primary detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Heimonen
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric J Chow
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Prevention Division, Public Health—Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yongzhe Wang
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James P Hughes
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Julia Rogers
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anne Emanuels
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica O’Hanlon
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter D Han
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caitlin R Wolf
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer K Logue
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Constance E Ogokeh
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Military and Health Research Foundation, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Melissa A Rolfes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lea Starita
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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6
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Uyeki TM, Hui DSC, Lee N. Oseltamivir May or May Not Reduce Hospitalizations. JAMA Intern Med 2024; 184:116. [PMID: 37983025 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.4711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David S C Hui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, S.H. Ho Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Nelson Lee
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Kojima N, Peterson L, Hawkins R, Allen M, Flannery B, Uyeki TM. Influenza Antiviral Shortages Reported by State and Territorial Public Health Officials, 2022-2023. JAMA 2023; 330:1793-1795. [PMID: 37862007 PMCID: PMC10646723 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.17244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
This study provides survey results from state and territorial public health preparedness directors regarding antiviral shortages during the 2022-2023 respiratory viral season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Kojima
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisa Peterson
- The Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Regina Hawkins
- The Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Meredith Allen
- The Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, Arlington, Virginia
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8
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Hassan MZ, Sturm-Ramirez K, Islam MS, Afreen S, Rahman MZ, Kafi MAH, Chowdhury S, Khan SU, Rahman M, Nasreen S, Davis CT, Levine MZ, Rahman M, Luby SP, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Iuliano AD, Uyeki TM, Gurley ES. Interpretation of molecular detection of avian influenza A virus in respiratory specimens collected from live bird market workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh: infection or contamination? Int J Infect Dis 2023; 136:22-28. [PMID: 37652093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interpreting real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) results for human avian influenza A virus (AIV) detection in contaminated settings like live bird markets (LBMs) without serology or viral culture poses a challenge. METHODS During February-March 2012 and November 2012-February 2013, we screened workers at nine LBMs in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to confirm molecular detections of AIV RNA in respiratory specimens with serology. We tested nasopharyngeal (NP) and throat swabs from workers with influenza-like illness (ILI) and NP, throat, and arm swabs from asymptomatic workers for influenza virus by rRT-PCR and sera for seroconversion and antibodies against HPAI A(H5N1) and A(H9N2) viruses. RESULTS Among 1273 ILI cases, 34 (2.6%) had A(H5), 56 (4%) had A(H9), and six (0.4%) had both A(H5) and A(H9) detected by rRT-PCR. Of 192 asymptomatic workers, A(H5) was detected in eight (4%) NP and 38 (20%) arm swabs. Of 28 ILI cases with A(H5) or A(H9) detected, none had evidence of seroconversion, but one (3.5%) and 12 (43%) were seropositive for A(H5) and A(H9), respectively. CONCLUSION Detection of AIV RNA in respiratory specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic LBM workers without evidence of seroconversion or virus isolation suggests environmental contamination, emphasizing caution in interpreting rRT-PCR results in high viral load settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zakiul Hassan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | | | | | - Sadia Afreen
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Sukanta Chowdhury
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Salah Uddin Khan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharifa Nasreen
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C Todd Davis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA
| | - Min Z Levine
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA
| | - Mahmudur Rahman
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - A D Iuliano
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA
| | - Emily S Gurley
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
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9
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Rogers JH, Cox SN, Link AC, Nwanne G, Han PD, Pfau B, Chow EJ, Wolf CR, Boeckh M, Hughes JP, Halloran ME, Uyeki TM, Shim MM, Duchin J, Englund JA, Mosites E, Rolfes MA, Starita LA, Chu HY. Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated risk factors among staff and residents at homeless shelters in King County, Washington: an active surveillance study. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e129. [PMID: 37424310 PMCID: PMC10540173 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeless shelter residents and staff may be at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection estimates in this population have been reliant on cross-sectional or outbreak investigation data. We conducted routine surveillance and outbreak testing in 23 homeless shelters in King County, Washington, to estimate the occurrence of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk factors during 1 January 2020-31 May 2021. Symptom surveys and nasal swabs were collected for SARS-CoV-2 testing by RT-PCR for residents aged ≥3 months and staff. We collected 12,915 specimens from 2,930 unique participants. We identified 4.74 (95% CI 4.00-5.58) SARS-CoV-2 infections per 100 individuals (residents: 4.96, 95% CI 4.12-5.91; staff: 3.86, 95% CI 2.43-5.79). Most infections were asymptomatic at the time of detection (74%) and detected during routine surveillance (73%). Outbreak testing yielded higher test positivity than routine surveillance (2.7% versus 0.9%). Among those infected, residents were less likely to report symptoms than staff. Participants who were vaccinated against seasonal influenza and were current smokers had lower odds of having an infection detected. Active surveillance that includes SARS-CoV-2 testing of all persons is essential in ascertaining the true burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections among residents and staff of congregate settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H. Rogers
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah N. Cox
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amy C. Link
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gift Nwanne
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter D. Han
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian Pfau
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric J. Chow
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caitlin R. Wolf
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Boeckh
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James P. Hughes
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M. Elizabeth Halloran
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy M. Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M. Mia Shim
- Public Health – Seattle & King County, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Duchin
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health – Seattle & King County, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janet A. Englund
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily Mosites
- Office of the Deputy Director for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa A. Rolfes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lea A. Starita
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Bennett JC, Emanuels A, Heimonen J, O'Hanlon J, Hughes JP, Han PD, Chow EJ, Ogokeh CE, Rolfes MA, Lockwood CM, Pfau B, Uyeki TM, Shendure J, Hoag S, Fay K, Lee J, Sibley TR, Rogers JH, Starita LM, Englund JA, Chu HY. Streptococcus pneumoniae nasal carriage patterns with and without common respiratory virus detections in households in Seattle, WA, USA before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1198278. [PMID: 37484765 PMCID: PMC10361771 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1198278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory viruses might influence Streptococcus pneumoniae nasal carriage and subsequent disease risk. We estimated the association between common respiratory viruses and semiquantitative S. pneumoniae nasal carriage density in a household setting before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods From November 2019-June 2021, we enrolled participants in a remote household surveillance study of respiratory pathogens. Participants submitted weekly reports of acute respiratory illness (ARI) symptoms. Mid-turbinate or anterior nasal swabs were self-collected at enrollment, when ARI occurred, and, in the second year of the study only, from household contacts after SARS-CoV-2 was detected in a household member. Specimens were tested using multiplex reverse-transcription PCR for respiratory pathogens, including S. pneumoniae, rhinovirus, adenovirus, common human coronavirus, influenza A/B virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A/B, human metapneumovirus, enterovirus, and human parainfluenza virus. We estimated differences in semiquantitative S. pneumoniae nasal carriage density, estimated by the inverse of S. pneumoniae relative cycle threshold (Crt) values, with and without viral detection for any virus and for specific respiratory viruses using linear generalized estimating equations of S. pneumoniae Crt values on virus detection adjusted for age and swab type and accounting for clustering of swabs within households. Results We collected 346 swabs from 239 individuals in 151 households that tested positive for S. pneumoniae (n = 157 with and 189 without ≥1 viruses co-detected). Difficulty breathing, cough, and runny nose were more commonly reported among individuals with specimens with viral co-detection compared to without (15%, 80% and 93% vs. 8%, 57%, and 51%, respectively) and ear pain and headache were less commonly reported (3% and 26% vs. 16% and 41%, respectively). For specific viruses among all ages, semiquantitative S. pneumoniae nasal carriage density was greater with viral co-detection for enterovirus, RSV A/B, adenovirus, rhinovirus, and common human coronavirus (P < 0.01 for each). When stratified by age, semiquantitative S. pneumoniae nasal carriage density was significantly greater with viral co-detection among children aged <5 (P = 0.002) and 5-17 years (P = 0.005), but not among adults aged 18-64 years (P = 0.29). Conclusion Detection of common respiratory viruses was associated with greater concurrent S. pneumoniae semiquantitative nasal carriage density in a household setting among children, but not adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Bennett
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anne Emanuels
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jessica Heimonen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jessica O'Hanlon
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - James P. Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Peter D. Han
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Military and Health Research Foundation, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Eric J. Chow
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Immunizations Section, Prevention Division, Public Health – Seattle & King County, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Constance E. Ogokeh
- Military and Health Research Foundation, Laurel, MD, United States
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Melissa A. Rolfes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christine M. Lockwood
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brian Pfau
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Timothy M. Uyeki
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jay Shendure
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Samara Hoag
- Student Health Services, Seattle Public Schools, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kairsten Fay
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jover Lee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thomas R. Sibley
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Julia H. Rogers
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lea M. Starita
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Janet A. Englund
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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11
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McCulloch DJ, Rogers JH, Wang Y, Chow EJ, Link AC, Wolf CR, Uyeki TM, Rolfes MA, Mosites E, Sereewit J, Duchin JS, Sugg NK, Greninger AL, Boeckh MJ, Englund JA, Shendure J, Hughes JP, Starita LM, Roychoudhury P, Chu HY. Respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory virus infections in residents of homeless shelters - King County, Washington, 2019-2021. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13166. [PMID: 37346095 PMCID: PMC10279995 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes disproportionate morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations. We tested residents of homeless shelters in Seattle, Washington for RSV in a repeated cross-sectional study as part of community surveillance for respiratory viruses. Of 15 364 specimens tested, 35 had RSV detected, compared to 77 with influenza. The most common symptoms for both RSV and influenza were cough and rhinorrhea. Many individuals with RSV (39%) and influenza (58%) reported that their illness significantly impacted their ability to perform their regular activities. RSV and influenza demonstrated similar clinical presentations and burden of illness in vulnerable populations living in congregate settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J. McCulloch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Julia H. Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Yongzhe Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Eric J. Chow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Amy C. Link
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Caitlin R. Wolf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Timothy M. Uyeki
- Division of InfluenzaNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Melissa A. Rolfes
- Division of InfluenzaNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Emily Mosites
- Office of the Deputy Director for Infectious DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jaydee Sereewit
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Jeffrey S. Duchin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Public Health—Seattle & King CountySeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Nancy K. Sugg
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Alexander L. Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of VirologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Michael J. Boeckh
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage TracingSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - James P. Hughes
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Lea M. Starita
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Pavitra Roychoudhury
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of VirologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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12
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Anesi GL, Andrews A, Bai HJ, Bhatraju PK, Brett-Major DM, Broadhurst MJ, Campbell ES, Cobb JP, Gonzalez M, Homami S, Hypes CD, Irwin A, Kratochvil CJ, Krolikowski K, Kumar VK, Landsittel DP, Lee RA, Liebler JM, Lutrick K, Marts LT, Mosier JM, Mukherjee V, Postelnicu R, Rodina V, Segal LN, Sevransky JE, Spainhour C, Srivastava A, Uyeki TM, Wurfel MM, Wyles D, Evans L. Perceived Hospital Stress, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Activity, and Care Process Temporal Variance During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Crit Care Med 2023; 51:445-459. [PMID: 36790189 PMCID: PMC10012837 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic threatened standard hospital operations. We sought to understand how this stress was perceived and manifested within individual hospitals and in relation to local viral activity. DESIGN Prospective weekly hospital stress survey, November 2020-June 2022. SETTING Society of Critical Care Medicine's Discovery Severe Acute Respiratory Infection-Preparedness multicenter cohort study. SUBJECTS Thirteen hospitals across seven U.S. health systems. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We analyzed 839 hospital-weeks of data over 85 pandemic weeks and five viral surges. Perceived overall hospital, ICU, and emergency department (ED) stress due to severe acute respiratory infection patients during the pandemic were reported by a mean of 43% ( sd , 36%), 32% (30%), and 14% (22%) of hospitals per week, respectively, and perceived care deviations in a mean of 36% (33%). Overall hospital stress was highly correlated with ICU stress (ρ = 0.82; p < 0.0001) but only moderately correlated with ED stress (ρ = 0.52; p < 0.0001). A county increase in 10 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 cases per 100,000 residents was associated with an increase in the odds of overall hospital, ICU, and ED stress by 9% (95% CI, 5-12%), 7% (3-10%), and 4% (2-6%), respectively. During the Delta variant surge, overall hospital stress persisted for a median of 11.5 weeks (interquartile range, 9-14 wk) after local case peak. ICU stress had a similar pattern of resolution (median 11 wk [6-14 wk] after local case peak; p = 0.59) while the resolution of ED stress (median 6 wk [5-6 wk] after local case peak; p = 0.003) was earlier. There was a similar but attenuated pattern during the Omicron BA.1 subvariant surge. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, perceived care deviations were common and potentially avoidable patient harm was rare. Perceived hospital stress persisted for weeks after surges peaked.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L Anesi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adair Andrews
- Society of Critical Care Medicine, Mount Prospect, IL
| | - He Julia Bai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Pavan K Bhatraju
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - David M Brett-Major
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - M Jana Broadhurst
- Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | - J Perren Cobb
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Sonya Homami
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Cameron D Hypes
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Amy Irwin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO
| | | | - Kelsey Krolikowski
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | | | - Douglas P Landsittel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Richard A Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA
| | - Janice M Liebler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Karen Lutrick
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Lucian T Marts
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jarrod M Mosier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Vikramjit Mukherjee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Radu Postelnicu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Valentina Rodina
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Leopoldo N Segal
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan E Sevransky
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Avantika Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA
| | - Mark M Wurfel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - David Wyles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO
| | - Laura Evans
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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13
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Gundlapalli AV, Beekmann SE, Jones JM, Thornburg NJ, Clarke KEN, Uyeki TM, Satheshkumar PS, Carroll DS, Plumb ID, Briggs-Hagen M, Santibañez S, David-Ferdon C, Polgreen PM, McDonald LC. Use of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Tests by US Infectious Disease Physicians: Results of an Emerging Infections Network Survey, March 2022. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad091. [PMID: 36949879 PMCID: PMC10026543 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody tests have had limited recommended clinical application during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To inform clinical practice, an understanding is needed of current perspectives of United States-based infectious disease (ID) physicians on the use, interpretation, and need for SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests. Methods In March 2022, members of the Emerging Infections Network (EIN), a national network of practicing ID physicians, were surveyed on types of SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays ordered, interpretation of test results, and clinical scenarios for which antibody tests were considered. Results Of 1867 active EIN members, 747 (40%) responded. Among the 583 who managed or consulted on COVID-19 patients, a majority (434/583 [75%]) had ordered SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests and were comfortable interpreting positive (452/578 [78%]) and negative (405/562 [72%]) results. Antibody tests were used for diagnosing post-COVID-19 conditions (61%), identifying prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (60%), and differentiating prior infection and response to COVID-19 vaccination (37%). Less than a third of respondents had used antibody tests to assess need for additional vaccines or risk stratification. Lack of sufficient evidence for use and nonstandardized assays were among the most common barriers for ordering tests. Respondents indicated that statements from professional societies and government agencies would influence their decision to order SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests for clinical decision making. Conclusions Practicing ID physicians are using SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests, and there is an unmet need for clarifying the appropriate use of these tests in clinical practice. Professional societies and US government agencies can support clinicians in the community through the creation of appropriate guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi V Gundlapalli
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Susan E Beekmann
- Infectious Diseases Society of America–Emerging Infections Network and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jefferson M Jones
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Natalie J Thornburg
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kristie E N Clarke
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Darin S Carroll
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ian D Plumb
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melissa Briggs-Hagen
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott Santibañez
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Corinne David-Ferdon
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Philip M Polgreen
- Infectious Diseases Society of America–Emerging Infections Network and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - L Clifford McDonald
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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14
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Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused substantial global morbidity and deaths, leading governments to turn to non-pharmaceutical interventions to slow down the spread of infection and lessen the burden on health care systems. These policies have evolved over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, including after the availability of COVID-19 vaccines, with regional and country-level differences in their ongoing use. The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with changes in respiratory virus infections worldwide, which have differed between virus types. Reductions in respiratory virus infections, including by influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus, were most notable at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and continued in varying degrees through subsequent waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The decreases in community infection burden have resulted in reduced hospitalizations and deaths associated with non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections. Respiratory virus evolution relies on the maintaining of a diverse genetic pool, but evidence of genetic bottlenecking brought on by case reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in reduced genetic diversity of some respiratory viruses, including influenza virus. By describing the differences in these changes between viral species across different geographies over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, we may better understand the complex factors involved in community co-circulation of respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Chow
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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15
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Rogers JH, Casto AM, Nwanne G, Link AC, Martinez MA, Nackviseth C, Wolf CR, Hughes JP, Englund JA, Sugg N, Uyeki TM, Han PD, Pfau B, Shendure J, Chu HY. Results from a test-and-treat study for influenza among residents of homeless shelters in King County, WA: A stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13092. [PMID: 36610058 PMCID: PMC9835442 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons experiencing homelessness face increased risk of influenza as overcrowding in congregate shelters can facilitate influenza virus spread. Data regarding on-site influenza testing and antiviral treatment within homeless shelters remain limited. METHODS We conducted a cluster-randomized stepped-wedge trial of point-of-care molecular influenza testing coupled with antiviral treatment with baloxavir or oseltamivir in residents of 14 homeless shelters in Seattle, WA, USA. Residents ≥3 months with cough or ≥2 acute respiratory illness (ARI) symptoms and onset <7 days were eligible. In control periods, mid-nasal swabs were tested for influenza by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The intervention period included on-site rapid molecular influenza testing and antiviral treatment for influenza-positives if symptom onset was <48 h. The primary endpoint was monthly influenza virus infections in the control versus intervention periods. Influenza whole genome sequencing was performed to assess transmission and antiviral resistance. RESULTS During 11/15/2019-4/30/2020 and 11/2/2020-4/30/2021, 1283 ARI encounters from 668 participants were observed. Influenza virus was detected in 51 (4%) specimens using RT-PCR (A = 14; B = 37); 21 influenza virus infections were detected from 269 (8%) intervention-eligible encounters by rapid molecular testing and received antiviral treatment. Thirty-seven percent of ARI-participant encounters reported symptom onset < 48 h. The intervention had no effect on influenza virus transmission (adjusted relative risk 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50-6.00). Of 23 influenza genomes, 86% of A(H1N1)pdm09 and 81% of B/Victoria sequences were closely related. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest feasibility of influenza test-and-treat strategies in shelters. Additional studies would help discern an intervention effect during periods of increased influenza activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H. Rogers
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Amanda M. Casto
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Gift Nwanne
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Amy C. Link
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Miguel A. Martinez
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Callista Nackviseth
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Caitlin R. Wolf
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - James P. Hughes
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA,Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Janet A. Englund
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington, Seattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Nancy Sugg
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Timothy M. Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Peter D. Han
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Brian Pfau
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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16
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Bullock HA, Fuchs E, Martines RB, Lush M, Bollweg B, Rutan A, Nelson A, Brisso M, Owusu-Ansah A, Sitzman C, Ketterl L, Timmons T, Lopez P, Mitchell E, McCutchen E, Figliomeni J, Iwen P, Uyeki TM, Reagan-Steiner S, Donahue M. Probable vertical transmission of Alpha variant of concern (B.1.1.7) with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the syncytiotrophoblast, a case report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1099408. [PMID: 36687432 PMCID: PMC9853166 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1099408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Definitive vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been rarely reported. We present a case of a third trimester pregnancy with fetal distress necessitating cesarean section that demonstrated maternal, placental, and infant infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant/B.1.1.7. Methods CDC's Influenza SARS-CoV-2 Multiplex RT-PCR Assay was used to test for SARS-CoV-2 in a maternal NP swab, maternal plasma, infant NP swab, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) placental tissue specimens. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on maternal plasma, infant, and placental specimens to determine the SARS-CoV-2 genotype. Histopathological evaluation, SARS-CoV-2 immunohistochemistry testing (IHC), and electron microscopy (EM) analysis were performed on placenta, umbilical cord, and membrane FFPE blocks. Results All specimens tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. WGS further revealed identical SARS-CoV-2 sequences from clade 20I/501Y.V1 (lineage Alpha/B.1.1.7) in maternal plasma, infant, and placental specimens. Histopathologic evaluation of the placenta showed histiocytic and neutrophilic intervillositis with fibrin deposition and trophoblast necrosis with positive SARS-CoV-2 immunostaining in the syncytiotrophoblast and electron microscopy evidence of coronavirus. Discussion These findings suggest vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2, supported by clinical course timing, identical SARS-CoV-2 genotypes from maternal, placental, and infant samples, and IHC and EM evidence of placental infection. However, determination of the timing or distinction between prepartum and peripartum SARS-CoV-2 transmission remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. Bullock
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Hannah A. Bullock ✉
| | - Erika Fuchs
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States,Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | | | - Mamie Lush
- Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Brigid Bollweg
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Amy Nelson
- Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Tim Timmons
- Lincoln-Lancaster County Health Department, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Patricia Lopez
- Lincoln-Lancaster County Health Department, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Elizabeth Mitchell
- Nebraska Public Health Laboratory, Omaha, NE, United States,University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Emily McCutchen
- Nebraska Public Health Laboratory, Omaha, NE, United States,University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jonathan Figliomeni
- Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Peter Iwen
- Nebraska Public Health Laboratory, Omaha, NE, United States,University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Timothy M. Uyeki
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Matthew Donahue
- Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Lincoln, NE, United States
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17
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Bhatraju PK, Morrell ED, Stanaway IB, Sathe NA, Srivastava A, Postelnicu R, Green R, Andrews A, Gonzalez M, Kratochvil CJ, Kumar VK, Hsiang TY, Gale M, Anesi GL, Wyles D, Broadhurst MJ, Brett-Major D, Mukherjee V, Sevransky JE, Landsittel D, Hung C, Altemeier WA, Gharib SA, Uyeki TM, Cobb JP, Liebler JM, Crosslin DR, Jarvik GP, Segal LN, Evans L, Mikacenic C, Wurfel MM. Angiopoietin-Like4 Is a Novel Marker of COVID-19 Severity. Crit Care Explor 2023; 5:e0827. [PMID: 36600780 PMCID: PMC9803343 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction and capillary leak are common in critically ill COVID-19 patients, but identification of endothelial pathways involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis has been limited. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a protein secreted in response to hypoxic and nutrient-poor conditions that has a variety of biological effects including vascular injury and capillary leak. OBJECTIVES To assess the role of ANGPTL4 in COVID-19-related outcomes. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Two hundred twenty-five COVID-19 ICU patients were enrolled from April 2020 to May 2021 in a prospective, multicenter cohort study from three different medical centers, University of Washington, University of Southern California and New York University. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Plasma ANGPTL4 was measured on days 1, 7, and 14 after ICU admission. We used previously published tissue proteomic data and lung single nucleus RNA (snRNA) sequencing data from specimens collected from COVID-19 patients to determine the tissues and cells that produce ANGPTL4. RESULTS Higher plasma ANGPTL4 concentrations were significantly associated with worse hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio per log2 increase, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.17-2.00; p = 0.002). Higher ANGPTL4 concentrations were also associated with higher proportions of venous thromboembolism and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Longitudinal ANGPTL4 concentrations were significantly different during the first 2 weeks of hospitalization in patients who subsequently died compared with survivors (p for interaction = 8.1 × 10-5). Proteomics analysis demonstrated abundance of ANGPTL4 in lung tissue compared with other organs in COVID-19. ANGPTL4 single-nuclear RNA gene expression was significantly increased in pulmonary alveolar type 2 epithelial cells and fibroblasts in COVID-19 lung tissue compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE ANGPTL4 is expressed in pulmonary epithelial cells and fibroblasts and is associated with clinical prognosis in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K Bhatraju
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Sepsis Center of Research Excellence-University of Washington (SCORE-UW), Seattle, WA
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Eric D Morrell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Ian B Stanaway
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Neha A Sathe
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Avantika Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Radu Postelnicu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Richard Green
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Adair Andrews
- Society of Critical Care Medicine, Mount Prospect, IL
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - George L Anesi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David Wyles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO
| | - M Jana Broadhurst
- Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - David Brett-Major
- Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Vikramjit Mukherjee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan E Sevransky
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA
| | - Douglas Landsittel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Chi Hung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - William A Altemeier
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - J Perren Cobb
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Janice M Liebler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David R Crosslin
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Leopoldo N Segal
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Laura Evans
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Carmen Mikacenic
- Translational Research, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Mark M Wurfel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Sepsis Center of Research Excellence-University of Washington (SCORE-UW), Seattle, WA
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
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18
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Uyeki TM. Influenza-Associated Neurologic Disease in Children: Greater Efforts Are Needed to Prevent and Reduce These Severe Complications (Invited Commentary). J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2022; 11:541-542. [PMID: 36049214 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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19
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Chung E, Heimonen J, O’Hanlon JA, Wang YW, Chow EJ, Ogokeh CE, Rolfes MA, Hughes J, Uyeki TM, Starita L, Englund JA, Chu HY, Hoag S. 1904. Health Behavioral Trends and Absenteeism Associated with Acute Respiratory Illness Before and During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in a Community Household Cohort, King County, Washington. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as masking and social distancing, can reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Longitudinal behavioral data in individuals with acute respiratory illness (ARI) during the COVID-19 pandemic are limited. We describe changes in adherence to NPIs and the impact of ARIs on work or school in families before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
From November 2019 to June 2021, households with school-aged children in King County, WA, were remotely monitored on a weekly basis for symptoms of respiratory illness. Participants with ARI (cough or ≥2 qualifying symptoms) were asked about illness-related behavior changes (e.g. masking, isolation, hand hygiene, surface cleaning, public transit use) and impacts on school/work 7 days after initial symptom report. Using generalized estimating equations for household clusters, we compared the frequency of behavior changes and school/work impact during 3 time periods: the pre-/early COVID-19 pandemic period (11/14/19-3/22/20), pre-vaccine period (3/23/20-12/10/20), and post-COVID-19 vaccine period (12/11/20-6/19/21).
Results
Of 1861 participants in 470 households, 695 (37%, from 70% of households) reported 1157 ARIs. Over the 3 time periods, the percent of ill participants who reported staying home (34 vs 34 vs 54%, respectively, P< .001), avoiding contact with others (25 vs 28 vs 45%, P< .001), and masking (3 vs 23 vs 38%, P< .001) increased (Fig 1A). Other illness-related behaviors, including washing hands and disinfecting surfaces, were unchanged over time. The percent of ill participants who worked from home (7 vs 9 vs 3%, P= .02) and missed work due to ARI (13 vs 8 vs 8%, P= .03) decreased over time (Fig 1B). Figure 1A.Participant reported illness-related health behaviors in the past week — Seattle, WA, 2019–2021.Figure 1B.Participant reported illness-related school or work impact in the past week due to illness — Seattle, WA, 2019–2021
Time periods were defined as: Period 1: 11/14/19 – 3/22/20 (pre-/early COVID-19 pandemic), Period 2: 3/23/20 – 12/10/20 (post-Washington State Stay at Home order), and Period 3: 12/11/20 – 6/19/21 (United States Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for those 16 years and older). Illness was defined per Acute Respiratory Illness (ARI) case definition: cough or two qualifying symptoms (fever, sore throat, runny nose, muscle or body aches, headache, difficulty breathing, fatigue, nausea or vomiting; for participants < 18 years of age, ear pain or drainage, rash, and diarrhea were also qualifying symptoms).
Conclusion
As the COVID-19 pandemic progressed, households with school-aged children engaged in isolation, social distancing, and masking more frequently in response to ARI. The impact of ARIs on work decreased during the pandemic.
Disclosures
Janet A. Englund, MD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Helen Y. Chu, MD, MPH, Cepheid: Reagents|Ellume: Advisor/Consultant|Gates Ventures: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Chung
- University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital , Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Jessica A O’Hanlon
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Eric J Chow
- Public Health - Seattle & King County , Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , Georgia
| | - Lea Starita
- University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Janet A Englund
- Seattle Children's Hospital/ Univ. Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Helen Y Chu
- University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Samara Hoag
- Seattle Public Schools , Seattle, Washington
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20
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Babu TM, Casto AM, Heimonen J, Wang YW, Emanuels A, Chow EJ, Hoag S, Hughes J, Ogokeh CE, Rolfes MA, Uyeki TM, Starita L, Englund JA, Chu HY. 2202. Influenza Surveillance of Families in an Observational Household Study 2019-2021. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [PMCID: PMC9752797 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Families with children may be at higher risk for influenza infection. Community transmission can suffer from underreporting as testing is often not performed. We studied the epidemiology of influenza in households with school-aged children using home-based sample collection. Methods We conducted a remote household study surveilling respiratory viruses from November 2019-June 2021, in King County, Washington (WA), USA. Households with school-aged children were enrolled, mailed home specimen collection kits, and asked to self-assess for weekly acute respiratory illness (ARI) using remote survey platforms. Participants with ARI symptoms were prompted to complete serial illness surveys and self-collect/parent collect mid-turbinate nasal swabs. Samples were sent to a University of Washington study laboratory for RT-PCR influenza testing. Influenza rates were compared to WA Department of Health (DOH) reporting. Results A total of 1861 ARI events were reported among 992 adults and 869 children in 470 households; 75 influenza cases were detected (36 influenza A and 39 influenza B). The study participant median age was 32 years (0-84), 10 years (1-49) for influenza A, and 11 years (3-49) for influenza B cases. Overall 13% of households had an influenza case, of which 13 (22%) reported >1 case. A total of 81% of participants reported receipt of one dose of the 2019-2020 influenza vaccine, including 91% of influenza A and 90% of influenza B cases, and 84% received the 2020-2021 influenza vaccine. Like WA DOH, we observed a wave of influenza B cases followed by influenza A in 2019-2020. During influenza season 2020-2021, WA DOH reported 9 positive influenza tests and none observed in our study. Commonly, influenza case-patients reported were fever, cough, rhinorrhea, and fatigue. GI symptoms were more common in children than adults. Of the cases, 92% of influenza A and 78% of influenza B occurred in children.
Influenza A and B cases from 2019-2021 ![]() Reported Symptoms of Influenza A ![]() D0-Day of reported onset, D7-7 days after reported illness onset. No participants >49 years were positive for influenza. D0: 30 participants responded and of respondents, 13% <5 years, 47% 5-12 years, 3% 13-17 years, and 37% 18-49 years. D7: 31 participants responded and of respondents 13% <5 years, 48% 5-11 years, 3% 12-17 years, and 36% 18-49 years.
Reported Symptoms of Influenza B ![]() D0-Day of reported onset, D7-7 days after reported illness onset. No participants >49 years were positive for influenza. D0: 28 participants responded and of respondents, 4% <5 years, 57% 5-12 years, 14% 13-17 years, and 25% 18-49 years. D7: 28 participants responded and of respondents, 4% <5 years, 57% 5-11 years, 18% 12-17 years, and 21% 18-49 years. Conclusion Influenza illness in 2019-2020 was initially influenza B, and subsequently replaced by influenza A. Most cases were in children and adolescents, despite at least one dose of influenza vaccine. Symptoms were widely distributed and similar between influenza A and B. Influenza incidence in our cohort declined to zero with the rise of SARS-CoV-2 cases and widespread mitigation efforts. Disclosures Janet A. Englund, MD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Helen Y. Chu, MD, MPH, Cepheid: Reagents|Ellume: Advisor/Consultant|Gates Ventures: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Babu
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric J Chow
- Public Health - Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lea Starita
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Janet A Englund
- Seattle Children's Hospital/ Univ. Washington, Seattle, Washington
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21
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Chow EJ, Casto AM, Roychoudhury P, Han PD, Pfau BA, Rogers JH, Cox SN, Wolf CR, Rolfes MA, Ogokeh CE, Mosites E, Uyeki TM, Hughes J, Shim MHM, Sugg N, Duchin J, Starita L, Englund JA, Chu HY. 1359. Human Parainfluenza Epidemiology in Homeless Shelters — King County, Washington. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) cause respiratory illness in individuals of all ages. However, HPIV epidemiology data in people experiencing homelessness (PEH) are limited.
Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data from a clinical trial and SARS-CoV-2 surveillance study in 23 homeless shelters in King County, Washington from October 2019-May 2021. Questionnaires and nasal swab specimens were obtained from eligible participants at enrollment. Between October 2019-March 31, 2020, participants included those aged > 3 months with acute respiratory illness. Monthly shelter surveillance was also conducted where participants were recruited regardless of symptoms. With the community spread of SARS-CoV-2, the study design transitioned from a clinical trial to a SARS-CoV-2 surveillance study which expanded enrollment eligibility to include participants with or without symptoms from April 1, 2020, onward. Participants were not followed longitudinally but were permitted to enroll multiple times during the study period. Specimens were tested for HPIV 1-4 and other respiratory viruses using RT-PCR.
Results
Among 14,464 specimens, 32 were HPIV-positive from 29 participants (median age 9 years, range 0.3-64 years; 45% female; 28% Black; 10% with chronic conditions) of which 59% were children. Family shelters had the highest percentage of HPIV infections (Table). HPIV was detected every month before the community spread of SARS-CoV-2. All HPIV-positive samples in May 2021 came from a single family shelter (Figure). Only 67% of HPIV-positive participants had symptoms with runny nose, cough and sore throat the most commonly reported. HPIV co-detection with other respiratory viruses occurred in 19% of HPIV-positive specimens; Rhinovirus co-detection (16%) was the most common.
Human Parainfluenza Encounters by Shelter Type Before and After April 1, 2020
Human Parainfluenza Positive Samples by Shelter Type Among Unique Participants
Conclusion
HPIV affected PEH of all ages with most cases in shelters with children. Coinciding with community-wide SARS-CoV-2 mitigation efforts, the number of HPIV infections were reduced. However, a cluster of HPIV infections still occurred within one family shelter. Shelter-specific public health measures including non-pharmaceutical interventions used during the COVID-19 pandemic may reduce HPIV infections among residents.
Disclosures
Janet A. Englund, MD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Helen Y. Chu, MD, MPH, Cepheid: Reagents|Ellume: Advisor/Consultant|Gates Ventures: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Chow
- Public Health - Seattle & King County , Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Peter D Han
- University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Sarah N Cox
- University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , Georgia
| | | | - Mi-Hyun M Shim
- Public Health - Seattle & King County , Seattle, Washington
| | - Nancy Sugg
- Harborview Medical Center , Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeff Duchin
- Public Health - Seattle & King County , Seattle, Washington
| | - Lea Starita
- University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Janet A Englund
- Seattle Children's Hospital/ Univ. Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Helen Y Chu
- University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
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22
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Marcenac P, McCarron M, Davis W, Igboh LS, Mott JA, Lafond KE, Zhou W, Sorrells M, Charles MD, Gould P, Arriola CS, Veguilla V, Guthrie E, Dugan VG, Kondor R, Gogstad E, Uyeki TM, Olsen SJ, Emukule GO, Saha S, Greene C, Bresee JS, Barnes J, Wentworth DE, Fry AM, Jernigan DB, Azziz-Baumgartner E. Leveraging International Influenza Surveillance Systems and Programs during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:S26-S33. [PMID: 36502434 DOI: 10.3201/eid2813.212248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A network of global respiratory disease surveillance systems and partnerships has been built over decades as a direct response to the persistent threat of seasonal, zoonotic, and pandemic influenza. These efforts have been spearheaded by the World Health Organization, country ministries of health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, nongovernmental organizations, academic groups, and others. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention worked closely with ministries of health in partner countries and the World Health Organization to leverage influenza surveillance systems and programs to respond to SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Countries used existing surveillance systems for severe acute respiratory infection and influenza-like illness, respiratory virus laboratory resources, pandemic influenza preparedness plans, and ongoing population-based influenza studies to track, study, and respond to SARS-CoV-2 infections. The incorporation of COVID-19 surveillance into existing influenza sentinel surveillance systems can support continued global surveillance for respiratory viruses with pandemic potential.
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23
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Hays LMC, Black M, Prunty MP, Murthy S, van de Veerdonk FL, Annane D, Binnie A, Burrell A, Derde LPG, Gordon AC, Green C, Guillon A, Keat K, Lawler PR, Lye DC, Mayr FB, McArthur CJ, McAuley DF, McVerry BJ, Morpeth SC, Phua J, Pletz M, Reyes LF, Saxena M, Seppelt I, Shankar-Hari M, Sligl WI, Turner AM, Uyeki TM, Vazquez-Grande G, Webb SA, Ainscough K, P Haren A, Hills T, Nichol A. Could treatment with immunomodulatory agents targeting IL-1, IL-6, or JAK signalling improve outcomes in patients with severe influenza pneumonia? A systematic and narrative review. HRB Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13613.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Influenza is a global cause of morbidity and mortality and a significant risk for a future pandemic infection. Host hyperinflammation, similar to that seen in COVID-19, may occur in response to influenza virus pneumonia, with Janus kinase (JAK) signalling and proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 involved. Immune modulation treatment of hospitalised and critically ill COVID-19 patients, including with IL-6 and JAK inhibitors, has been found to be beneficial. Significant interest exists in the use of immunomodulatory agents targeting these pathways in the treatment of severe influenza pneumonia. Methods: We conducted a review with both systematic and narrative methods to assess whether, in patients with severe influenza pneumonia, treatment with immunomodulatory agents targeting IL-1, IL-6 or JAK signalling, in comparison to no immune modulation, is beneficial and improves clinical outcomes. Results: Our systematic search screened 5409 records and found no randomised controlled trials of IL-1, IL-6 or JAK immunomodulatory agents in patients with severe influenza pneumonia. To support this systematic search, we provide a narrative review of the biological rationale, previous use of these agents, including in hospitalised patients with COVID-19, and an overview of their safety profiles. Conclusions: Although immune modulation has proven successful in treating hospitalised and critically ill patients with COVID-19 and a biological rationale exists for testing these agents in influenza, no agents targeting IL-1, IL-6 or JAK signalling have been assessed in randomised controlled trials of patients with severe influenza pneumonia. This highlights a significant evidence gap.
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24
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Chow EJ, Casto AM, Sampoleo R, Mills MG, Han PD, Xie H, Pfau B, Nguyen TV, Sereewit J, Rogers JH, Cox SN, Rolfes MA, Ogokeh C, Mosites E, Uyeki TM, Greninger AL, Hughes JP, Shim MM, Sugg N, Duchin JS, Starita LM, Englund JA, Roychoudhury P, Chu HY. Human Parainfluenza Virus in Homeless Shelters before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Washington, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:2343-2347. [DOI: 10.3201/eid2811.221156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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25
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Chow EJ, Casto AM, Rogers JH, Roychoudhury P, Han PD, Xie H, Mills MG, Nguyen TV, Pfau B, Cox SN, Wolf CR, Hughes JP, Uyeki TM, Rolfes MA, Mosites E, Shim MM, Duchin JS, Sugg N, Starita LA, Englund JA, Chu HY. The clinical and genomic epidemiology of seasonal human coronaviruses in congregate homeless shelter settings: A repeated cross-sectional study. Lancet Reg Health Am 2022; 15:100348. [PMID: 35996440 PMCID: PMC9387177 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background The circulation of respiratory viruses poses a significant health risk among those residing in congregate settings. Data are limited on seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV) infections in homeless shelter settings. Methods We analysed data from a clinical trial and SARS-CoV-2 surveillance study at 23 homeless shelter sites in King County, Washington between October 2019-May 2021. Eligible participants were shelter residents aged ≥3 months with acute respiratory illness. We collected enrolment data and nasal samples for respiratory virus testing using multiplex RT-PCR platform including HCoV. Beginning April 1, 2020, eligibility expanded to shelter residents and staff regardless of symptoms. HCoV species was determined by RT-PCR with species-specific primers, OpenArray assay or genomic sequencing for samples with an OpenArray relative cycle threshold <22. Findings Of the 14,464 samples from 3281 participants between October 2019-May 2021, 107 were positive for HCoV from 90 participants (median age 40 years, range: 0·9-81 years, 38% female). HCoV-HKU1 was the most common species identified before and after community-wide mitigation. No HCoV-positive samples were identified between May 2020-December 2020. Adults aged ≥50 years had the highest detection of HCoV (11%) among virus-positive samples among all age-groups. Species and sequence data showed diversity between and within HCoV species over the study period. Interpretation HCoV infections occurred in all congregate homeless shelter site age-groups with the greatest proportion among those aged ≥50 years. Species and sequencing data highlight the complexity of HCoV epidemiology within and between shelters sites. Funding Gates Ventures, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Chow
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amanda M. Casto
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Julia H. Rogers
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pavitra Roychoudhury
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter D. Han
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hong Xie
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Margaret G. Mills
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tien V. Nguyen
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brian Pfau
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah N. Cox
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caitlin R. Wolf
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James P. Hughes
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy M. Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melissa A. Rolfes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily Mosites
- Office of the Deputy Director for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - M. Mia Shim
- Public Health – Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Duchin
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Public Health – Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nancy Sugg
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lea A. Starita
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janet A. Englund
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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26
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Postelnicu R, Srivastava A, Bhatraju PK, Wurfelc MM, Anesi GL, Gonzalez M, Andrews A, Lutrick K, Kumar VK, Uyeki TM, Cobb PJ, Segal LN, Brett-Major D, Liebler JM, Kratochvil CJ, Mukherjee V, Broadhurst MJ, Lee R, Wyles D, Sevransky JE, Evans L, Landsittel D. Severe Acute Respiratory Infection-Preparedness: Protocol for a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Viral Respiratory Infections. Crit Care Explor 2022; 4:e0773. [PMID: 36284548 PMCID: PMC9586923 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory virus infections cause significant morbidity and mortality ranging from mild uncomplicated acute respiratory illness to severe complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, and death during epidemics and pandemics. We present a protocol to systematically study patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, due to respiratory viral pathogens to evaluate the natural history, prognostic biomarkers, and characteristics, including hospital stress, associated with clinical outcomes and severity. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Multicenter cohort of patients admitted to an acute care ward or ICU from at least 15 hospitals representing diverse geographic regions across the United States. PATIENTS Patients with SARI caused by infection with respiratory viruses that can cause outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Measurements include patient demographics, signs, symptoms, and medications; microbiology, imaging, and associated tests; mechanical ventilation, hospital procedures, and other interventions; and clinical outcomes and hospital stress, with specimens collected on days 0, 3, and 7-14 after enrollment and at discharge. The primary outcome measure is the number of consecutive days alive and free of mechanical ventilation (VFD) in the first 30 days after hospital admission. Important secondary outcomes include organ failure-free days before acute kidney injury, shock, hepatic failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, 28-day mortality, adaptive immunity, as well as immunologic and microbiologic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS SARI-Preparedness is a multicenter study under the collaboration of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery, Resilience Intelligence Network, and National Emerging Special Pathogen Training and Education Center, which seeks to improve understanding of prognostic factors associated with worse outcomes and increased resource utilization. This can lead to interventions to mitigate the clinical impact of respiratory virus infections associated with SARI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Postelnicu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Avantika Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Pavan K. Bhatraju
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Mark M. Wurfelc
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - George L. Anesi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Adair Andrews
- Society of Critical Care Medicine, Mount Prospect, IL
| | - Karen Lutrick
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Timothy M. Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Perren J. Cobb
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Leopoldo N. Segal
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - David Brett-Major
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE., Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Janice M. Liebler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Vikramjit Mukherjee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - M. Jana Broadhurst
- Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE., Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Richard Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - David Wyles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO
| | - Jonathan E. Sevransky
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA., Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA
| | - Laura Evans
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Douglas Landsittel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
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27
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Chung E, Magedson A, Emanuels A, Luiten K, Pfau B, Truong M, Chow EJ, Hughes JP, Uyeki TM, Englund JA, Nickerson DA, Lockwood CM, Shendure J, Starita LM, Chu HY. SARS-CoV-2 Screening Testing in Schools: A Comparison of School- Vs. Home-Based Collection Methods. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2022; 11:522-524. [PMID: 36082698 PMCID: PMC9494399 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We implemented a voluntary SARS-CoV-2 screening testing study for kindergarten-2nd grade students in a Washington School district. Weekly SARS-CoV-2 testing participation was higher for students with staff-collected nasal swabs at school than for students with parent-collected swabs at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Chung
- Corresponding Author: Erin Chung, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, UW Medicine Box 358061, Chu Lab Room E691,750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. E-mal:
| | | | - Anne Emanuels
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kyle Luiten
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brian Pfau
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Melissa Truong
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric J Chow
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James P Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA,Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christina M Lockwood
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lea M Starita
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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28
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Lu X, Guo Z, Li ZN, Holiday C, Liu F, Jefferson S, Gross FL, Tzeng WP, Kumar A, York IA, Uyeki TM, Tumpey T, Stevens J, Levine MZ. Low quality antibody responses in critically ill patients hospitalized with pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14971. [PMID: 36056075 PMCID: PMC9440095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although some adults infected with influenza 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses mounted high hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody response, they still suffered from severe disease, or even death. Here, we analyzed antibody profiles in patients (n = 31, 17-65 years) admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) with lung failure and invasive mechanical ventilation use due to infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses during 2009-2011. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the quality and quantity of antibody responses using HAI, virus neutralization, biolayer interferometry, enzyme-linked-lectin and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. At time of the ICU admission, 45% (14/31) of the patients had HAI antibody titers ≥ 80 in the first serum (S1), most (13/14) exhibited narrowly-focused HAI and/or anti-HA-head binding antibodies targeting single epitopes in or around the receptor binding site. In contrast, 42% (13/31) of the patients with HAI titers ≤ 10 in S1 had non-neutralizing anti-HA-stem antibodies against A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Only 19% (6/31) of the patients showed HA-specific IgG1-dominant antibody responses. Three of 5 fatal patients possessed highly focused cross-type HAI antibodies targeting the (K130 + Q223)-epitopes with extremely low avidity. Our findings suggest that narrowly-focused low-quality antibody responses targeting specific HA-epitopes may have contributed to severe infection of the lower respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Lu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Zhu Guo
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Zhu-Nan Li
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Crystal Holiday
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Stacie Jefferson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - F Liaini Gross
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Wen-Ping Tzeng
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Anand Kumar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ian A York
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Terrence Tumpey
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - James Stevens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Min Z Levine
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Annual seasonal influenza epidemics of variable severity caused by influenza A and B virus infections result in substantial disease burden worldwide. Seasonal influenza virus circulation declined markedly in 2020-21 after SARS-CoV-2 emerged but increased in 2021-22. Most people with influenza have abrupt onset of respiratory symptoms and myalgia with or without fever and recover within 1 week, but some can experience severe or fatal complications. Prevention is primarily by annual influenza vaccination, with efforts underway to develop new vaccines with improved effectiveness. Sporadic zoonotic infections with novel influenza A viruses of avian or swine origin continue to pose pandemic threats. In this Seminar, we discuss updates of key influenza issues for clinicians, in particular epidemiology, virology, and pathogenesis, diagnostic testing including multiplex assays that detect influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2, complications, antiviral treatment, influenza vaccines, infection prevention, and non-pharmaceutical interventions, and highlight gaps in clinical management and priorities for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - David S Hui
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Maria Zambon
- Virology Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arnold S Monto
- Center for Respiratory Research and Response, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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30
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Chow EJ, Casto AM, Roychoudhury P, Han PD, Xie H, Pfau B, Nguyen TV, Sereewit J, Rogers JH, Cox SN, Wolf CR, Rolfes MA, Mosites E, Uyeki TM, Greninger AL, Hughes JP, Shim MM, Sugg N, Duchin JS, Starita LM, Englund JA, Chu HY. The Clinical and Genomic Epidemiology of Rhinovirus in Homeless Shelters-King County, Washington. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:S304-S314. [PMID: 35749582 PMCID: PMC9384451 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus (RV) is a common cause of respiratory illness in all people, including those experiencing homelessness. RV epidemiology in homeless shelters is unknown. METHODS We analyzed data from a cross-sectional homeless shelter study in King County, Washington, October 2019-May 2021. Shelter residents or guardians aged ≥3 months reporting acute respiratory illness completed questionnaires and submitted nasal swabs. After 1 April 2020, enrollment expanded to residents and staff regardless of symptoms. Samples were tested by multiplex RT-PCR for respiratory viruses. A subset of RV-positive samples was sequenced. RESULTS There were 1066 RV-positive samples with RV present every month of the study period. RV was the most common virus before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (43% and 77% of virus-positive samples, respectively). Participants from family shelters had the highest prevalence of RV. Among 131 sequenced samples, 33 RV serotypes were identified with each serotype detected for ≤4 months. CONCLUSIONS RV infections persisted through community mitigation measures and were most prevalent in shelters housing families. Sequencing showed a diversity of circulating RV serotypes, each detected over short periods of time. Community-based surveillance in congregate settings is important to characterize respiratory viral infections during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT04141917.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Chow
- Corresponding author: Eric J. Chow, MD, MS, MPH, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street Box 356423, S512020125, Washington 98195, E-mail: , Ph:206-685-4456, Fax:206-616-3892
| | - Amanda M Casto
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (98109), Washington, USA
| | - Pavitra Roychoudhury
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (98109), Washington, USA,Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA
| | - Peter D Han
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA
| | - Hong Xie
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA
| | - Brian Pfau
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA
| | - Tien V Nguyen
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA
| | - Jaydee Sereewit
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA
| | - Julia H Rogers
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA
| | - Sarah N Cox
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA
| | - Caitlin R Wolf
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA
| | - Melissa A Rolfes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (30333), Georgia, USA
| | - Emily Mosites
- Office of the Deputy Director for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (30333), Georgia, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (30333), Georgia, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (98109), Washington, USA,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA
| | - James P Hughes
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (98109), Washington, USA,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (98105), Washington, USA
| | - M Mia Shim
- Public Health – Seattle & King County, Seattle (98104), Washington, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA
| | - Nancy Sugg
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Duchin
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA,Public Health – Seattle & King County, Seattle (98104), Washington, USA
| | - Lea M Starita
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle (98105), Washington, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Alternate Corresponding Author: Helen Y. Chu, MD, MPH, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98109, Ph: 206-685-8702, E-mail:
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Reagan-Steiner S, Bhatnagar J, Martines RB, Milligan NS, Gisondo C, Williams FB, Lee E, Estetter L, Bullock H, Goldsmith CS, Fair P, Hand J, Richardson G, Woodworth KR, Oduyebo T, Galang RR, Phillips R, Belyaeva E, Yin XM, Meaney-Delman D, Uyeki TM, Roberts DJ, Zaki SR. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Neonatal Autopsy Tissues and Placenta. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:510-517. [PMID: 35138244 PMCID: PMC8888232 DOI: 10.3201/eid2803.211735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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32
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Dale AP, Hudson MJ, Armenta D, Friebus H, Ellingson KD, Davis K, Cullen T, Brady S, Komatsu KK, Stone ND, Uyeki TM, Slifka KJ, Perez-Velez CM, Keaton AA. Clinical Outcomes of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy During a COVID-19 Outbreak in a Skilled Nursing Facility-Arizona, 2021. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:960-967. [PMID: 35141874 PMCID: PMC9115062 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Adult residents of skilled nursing facilities (SNF) have experienced high morbidity and mortality from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and are at increased risk for severe COVID‐19 disease. Use of monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment improves clinical outcomes among high‐risk outpatients with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19, but information on mAb effectiveness in SNF residents with COVID‐19 is limited. We assessed outcomes in SNF residents with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 associated with an outbreak in Arizona during January–February 2021 that did and did not receive a mAb. Methods Medical records were reviewed to describe the effect of bamlanivimab therapy on COVID‐19 mortality. Secondary outcomes included referral to an acute care setting and escalation of medical therapies at the SNF (e.g., new oxygen requirements). Residents treated with bamlanivimab were compared to residents who were eligible for treatment under the FDA's Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) but were not treated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine association between outcomes and treatment status. Results Seventy‐five residents identified with COVID‐19 during this outbreak met eligibility for mAb treatment, of whom 56 received bamlanivimab. Treated and untreated groups were similar in age and comorbidities associated with increased risk of severe COVID‐19 disease. Treatment with bamlanivimab was associated with reduced 21‐day mortality (adjusted OR = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.39) and lower odds of initiating oxygen therapy (adjusted OR = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.34). Referrals to acute care were not significantly different between treated and untreated residents. Conclusions mAb therapy was successfully administered to SNF residents with COVID‐19 in a large outbreak setting. Treatment with bamlanivimab reduced 21‐day mortality and reduced initiation of oxygen therapy. As the COVID‐19 pandemic evolves and newer immunotherapies gain FDA authorization, more studies of the effectiveness of mAb therapies for treating emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern in high‐risk congregate settings are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariella P Dale
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.,Arizona Department of Health Services
| | - Matthew J Hudson
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | | | | | - Kat Davis
- Pima County Department of Public Health
| | | | | | | | - Nimalie D Stone
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team
| | | | | | - Amelia A Keaton
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team
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33
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Casto AM, Rogers JH, Link AC, Boeckh M, Jackson ML, Uyeki TM, Englund JA, Starita LM, Chu HY. Phylogenomics of SARS-CoV-2 in Emergency Shelters for People Experiencing Homelessness. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:217-224. [PMID: 35091746 PMCID: PMC8807325 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Residents and staff of emergency shelters for people experiencing homelessness (PEH) are at high risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2. The importance of shelter-related transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in this population remains unclear. It is also unknown whether there is significant spread of shelter-related viruses into surrounding communities. We analyzed genome sequence data for 28 SARS-CoV-2-positive specimens collected from 8 shelters in King County, Washington between March and October, 2020. We identified at least 12 separate SARS-CoV-2 introduction events into these 8 shelters and estimated that 57% (16 out of 28) of the examined cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were the result of intra-shelter transmission. However, we identified just a few SARS-CoV-2 specimens from Washington that were possible descendants of shelter viruses. Our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 spread in shelters is common, but we did not observe evidence of wide-spread transmission of shelter-related viruses into the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Casto
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julia H Rogers
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amy C Link
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Boeckh
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael L Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lea M Starita
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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34
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Rogers JH, Cox SN, Hughes JP, Link AC, Chow EJ, Fosse I, Lukoff M, Shim MM, Uyeki TM, Ogokeh C, Jackson ML, Boeckh M, Englund JA, Mosites E, Rolfes MA, Chu HY. Trends in COVID-19 vaccination intent and factors associated with deliberation and reluctance among adult homeless shelter residents and staff, 1 November 2020 to 28 February 2021 - King County, Washington. Vaccine 2022; 40:122-132. [PMID: 34863618 PMCID: PMC8590934 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Little is known about COVID-19 vaccination intent among people experiencing homelessness. This study assesses surveyed COVID-19 vaccination intent among adult homeless shelter residents and staff and identifies factors associated with vaccine deliberation (responded “undecided”) and reluctance (responded “no”), including time trends. Methods From 11/1/2020–2/28/21, we conducted repeated cross-sectional surveys at nine shelters in King County, WA as part of ongoing community-based SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. We used a multinomial model to identify characteristics associated with vaccine deliberation and reluctance. Results A total of 969 unique staff (n = 297) and residents (n = 672) participated and provided 3966 survey responses. Among residents, 53.7% (n = 361) were vaccine accepting, 28.1% reluctant, 17.6% deliberative, and 0.6% already vaccinated, whereas among staff 56.2% were vaccine accepting, 14.1% were reluctant, 16.5% were deliberative, and 13.1% already vaccinated at their last survey. We observed higher odds of vaccine deliberation or reluctance among Black/African American individuals, those who did not receive a seasonal influenza vaccine, and those with lower educational attainment. There was no significant trend towards vaccine acceptance. Conclusions Strong disparities in vaccine intent based on race, education, and prior vaccine history were observed. Increased vaccine intent over the study period was not detected. An intersectional, person-centered approach to addressing health inequities by public health authorities planning vaccination campaigns in shelters is recommended. Clinical Trial Registry Number: NCT04141917.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Sarah N Cox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James P Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amy C Link
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric J Chow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - M Mia Shim
- Public Health - Seattle & King County, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Michael L Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Janet A Englund
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily Mosites
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Helen Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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35
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Lewis NM, Chung JR, Uyeki TM, Grohskopf L, Ferdinands JM, Patel MM. Interpretation of Relative Efficacy and Effectiveness for Influenza Vaccines. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 75:170-175. [PMID: 34875035 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) are metrics commonly reported to compare absolute VE (aVE) of two vaccine products. Estimates of rVE for enhanced influenza vaccines (eIV) vs. standard inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) have been assessed across different seasons, influenza-specific endpoints, and nonspecific endpoints (e.g., all-cause cardiovascular hospitalizations). To illustrate the challenges of comparability across studies, we conducted a scenario analysis to evaluate the effects of varying absolute VE (aVE) of IIV (i.e., as compared with placebo) on the interpretation of rVE of eIV vs IIV. We show that estimates of rVE might not be comparable across studies because additional benefits commensurate with a given estimate of rVE are dependent on the aVE for the comparator vaccine, which can depend on factors such as host response to vaccine, virus type, and clinical endpoint evaluated. These findings have implications for interpretation of rVE across studies and for sample size considerations in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel M Lewis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Jessie R Chung
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Lisa Grohskopf
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Jill M Ferdinands
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Manish M Patel
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia, USA
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36
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Emanuels A, Heimonen J, O’Hanlon J, Kim AE, Wilcox N, McCulloch DJ, Brandstetter E, Wolf CR, Logue JK, Han PD, Pfau B, Newman KL, Hughes JP, Jackson ML, Uyeki TM, Boeckh M, Starita LM, Nickerson DA, Bedford T, Englund JA, Chu HY. Remote Household Observation for Noninfluenza Respiratory Viral Illness. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e4411-e4418. [PMID: 33197930 PMCID: PMC7717193 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninfluenza respiratory viruses are responsible for a substantial burden of disease in the United States. Household transmission is thought to contribute significantly to subsequent transmission through the broader community. In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contactless surveillance methods are of particular importance. METHODS From November 2019 to April 2020, 303 households in the Seattle area were remotely monitored in a prospective longitudinal study for symptoms of respiratory viral illness. Enrolled participants reported weekly symptoms and submitted respiratory samples by mail in the event of an acute respiratory illness (ARI). Specimens were tested for 14 viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Participants completed all study procedures at home without physical contact with research staff. RESULTS In total, 1171 unique participants in 303 households were monitored for ARI. Of participating households, 128 (42%) included a child aged <5 years and 202 (67%) included a child aged 5-12 years. Of the 678 swabs collected during the surveillance period, 237 (35%) tested positive for 1 or more noninfluenza respiratory viruses. Rhinovirus, common human coronaviruses, and respiratory syncytial virus were the most common. Four cases of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 3 households. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the circulation of respiratory viruses within households during the winter months during the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Contactless methods of recruitment, enrollment, and sample collection were utilized throughout this study and demonstrate the feasibility of home-based, remote monitoring for respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Emanuels
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica Heimonen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica O’Hanlon
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ashley E Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Naomi Wilcox
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Denise J McCulloch
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Caitlin R Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer K Logue
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter D Han
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brian Pfau
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kira L Newman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James P Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael L Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Boeckh
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lea M Starita
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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37
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Lane MA, Walawender M, Webster AS, Brownsword EA, Ingersoll JM, Miller C, Waggoner J, Uyeki TM, Lindsley WG, Kraft CS. Sampling for SARS-CoV-2 Aerosols in Hospital Patient Rooms. Viruses 2021; 13:2347. [PMID: 34960615 PMCID: PMC8703426 DOI: 10.3390/v13122347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence varies as to how far aerosols spread from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 in hospital rooms. We investigated the presence of aerosols containing SARS-CoV-2 inside of dedicated COVID-19 patient rooms. Three National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health BC 251 two-stage cyclone samplers were set up in each patient room for a six-hour sampling period. Samplers were place on tripods, which each held two samplers at various heights above the floor. Extracted samples underwent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for selected gene regions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleocapsid. Patient medical data were compared between participants in rooms where virus-containing aerosols were detected and those where they were not. Of 576 aerosols samples collected from 19 different rooms across 32 participants, 3% (19) were positive for SARS-CoV-2, the majority from near the head and foot of the bed. Seven of the positive samples were collected inside a single patient room. No significant differences in participant clinical characteristics were found between patients in rooms with positive and negative aerosol samples. SARS-CoV-2 viral aerosols were detected from the patient rooms of nine participants (28%). These findings provide reassurance that personal protective equipment that was recommended for this virus is appropriate given its spread in hospital rooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A. Lane
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.S.W.); (E.A.B.); (J.W.); (C.S.K.)
| | - Maria Walawender
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Andrew S. Webster
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.S.W.); (E.A.B.); (J.W.); (C.S.K.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Erik A. Brownsword
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.S.W.); (E.A.B.); (J.W.); (C.S.K.)
| | - Jessica M. Ingersoll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.M.I.); (C.M.)
| | - Candace Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.M.I.); (C.M.)
| | - Jesse Waggoner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.S.W.); (E.A.B.); (J.W.); (C.S.K.)
- Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Timothy M. Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - William G. Lindsley
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26508, USA;
| | - Colleen S. Kraft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.S.W.); (E.A.B.); (J.W.); (C.S.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.M.I.); (C.M.)
- Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Abstract
Seasonal influenza epidemics of variable severity pose challenges to public health. Annual vaccination is the primary way to prevent influenza, and a wide range of vaccines are available, including inactivated or live attenuated standard-dose, recombinant vaccines, as well as adjuvanted or high-dose vaccines for persons aged 65 years or older. Persons at increased risk for influenza complications include young children, persons with underlying medical conditions, and older adults. Prompt diagnosis of influenza can facilitate early initiation of antiviral treatment that provides the greatest clinical benefit. This article summarizes recommendations for providers on influenza vaccination, diagnostic testing, and antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Sulaiman I, Chung M, Angel L, Tsay JCJ, Wu BG, Yeung ST, Krolikowski K, Li Y, Duerr R, Schluger R, Thannickal SA, Koide A, Rafeq S, Barnett C, Postelnicu R, Wang C, Banakis S, Pérez-Pérez L, Shen G, Jour G, Meyn P, Carpenito J, Liu X, Ji K, Collazo D, Labarbiera A, Amoroso N, Brosnahan S, Mukherjee V, Kaufman D, Bakker J, Lubinsky A, Pradhan D, Sterman DH, Weiden M, Heguy A, Evans L, Uyeki TM, Clemente JC, de Wit E, Schmidt AM, Shopsin B, Desvignes L, Wang C, Li H, Zhang B, Forst CV, Koide S, Stapleford KA, Khanna KM, Ghedin E, Segal LN. Microbial signatures in the lower airways of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients associated with poor clinical outcome. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1245-1258. [PMID: 34465900 PMCID: PMC8484067 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory failure is associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. There are no validated lower airway biomarkers to predict clinical outcome. We investigated whether bacterial respiratory infections were associated with poor clinical outcome of COVID-19 in a prospective, observational cohort of 589 critically ill adults, all of whom required mechanical ventilation. For a subset of 142 patients who underwent bronchoscopy, we quantified SARS-CoV-2 viral load, analysed the lower respiratory tract microbiome using metagenomics and metatranscriptomics and profiled the host immune response. Acquisition of a hospital-acquired respiratory pathogen was not associated with fatal outcome. Poor clinical outcome was associated with lower airway enrichment with an oral commensal (Mycoplasma salivarium). Increased SARS-CoV-2 abundance, low anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response and a distinct host transcriptome profile of the lower airways were most predictive of mortality. Our data provide evidence that secondary respiratory infections do not drive mortality in COVID-19 and clinical management strategies should prioritize reducing viral replication and maximizing host responses to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Sulaiman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Chung
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luis Angel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun-Chieh J Tsay
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin G Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen T Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelsey Krolikowski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yonghua Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ralf Duerr
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosemary Schluger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara A Thannickal
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akiko Koide
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samaan Rafeq
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clea Barnett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Radu Postelnicu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chang Wang
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Banakis
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lizzette Pérez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Guomiao Shen
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Meyn
- Division of Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Joseph Carpenito
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Ji
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Dongfang Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Destiny Collazo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Labarbiera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Amoroso
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shari Brosnahan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vikramjit Mukherjee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Kaufman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Bakker
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Lubinsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepak Pradhan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel H Sterman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Weiden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Langone Genome Technology Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Evans
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jose C Clemente
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bo Shopsin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ludovic Desvignes
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chan Wang
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian V Forst
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shohei Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth A Stapleford
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kamal M Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Leopoldo N Segal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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40
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Chung E, Chow EJ, Wilcox NC, Burstein R, Brandstetter E, Han PD, Fay K, Pfau B, Adler A, Lacombe K, Lockwood CM, Uyeki TM, Shendure J, Duchin JS, Rieder MJ, Nickerson DA, Boeckh M, Famulare M, Hughes JP, Starita LM, Bedford T, Englund JA, Chu HY. Comparison of Symptoms and RNA Levels in Children and Adults With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Community Setting. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:e212025. [PMID: 34115094 PMCID: PMC8491103 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Importance The association between COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 viral levels in children living in the community is not well understood. Objective To characterize symptoms of pediatric COVID-19 in the community and analyze the association between symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels, as approximated by cycle threshold (Ct) values, in children and adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used a respiratory virus surveillance platform in persons of all ages to detect community COVID-19 cases from March 23 to November 9, 2020. A population-based convenience sample of children younger than 18 years and adults in King County, Washington, who enrolled online for home self-collection of upper respiratory samples for SARS-CoV-2 testing were included. Exposures Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from participant-collected samples. Main Outcomes and Measures RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with Ct values stratified by age and symptoms. Results Among 555 SARS-CoV-2-positive participants (mean [SD] age, 33.7 [20.1] years; 320 were female [57.7%]), 47 of 123 children (38.2%) were asymptomatic compared with 31 of 432 adults (7.2%). When symptomatic, fewer symptoms were reported in children compared with adults (mean [SD], 1.6 [2.0] vs 4.5 [3.1]). Symptomatic individuals had lower Ct values (which corresponded to higher viral RNA levels) than asymptomatic individuals (adjusted estimate for children, -3.0; 95% CI, -5.5 to -0.6; P = .02; adjusted estimate for adults, -2.9; 95% CI, -5.2 to -0.6; P = .01). The difference in mean Ct values was neither statistically significant between symptomatic children and symptomatic adults (adjusted estimate, -0.7; 95% CI, -2.2 to 0.9; P = .41) nor between asymptomatic children and asymptomatic adults (adjusted estimate, -0.6; 95% CI, -4.0 to 2.8; P = .74). Conclusions and Relevance In this community-based cross-sectional study, SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels, as determined by Ct values, were significantly higher in symptomatic individuals than in asymptomatic individuals and no significant age-related differences were found. Further research is needed to understand the role of SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels and viral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle
| | - Eric J. Chow
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Naomi C. Wilcox
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Roy Burstein
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elisabeth Brandstetter
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter D. Han
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Kairsten Fay
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brian Pfau
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Amanda Adler
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Christina M. Lockwood
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Timothy M. Uyeki
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jay Shendure
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeffrey S. Duchin
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Public Health—Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark J. Rieder
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Deborah A. Nickerson
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Michael Boeckh
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - James P. Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lea M. Starita
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Helen Y. Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
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41
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Lind JN, Lovegrove MC, Geller AI, Uyeki TM, Datta SD, Budnitz DS. Increase in Outpatient Ivermectin Dispensing in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2021; 36:2909-2911. [PMID: 34145521 PMCID: PMC8212896 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-06948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Lind
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Maribeth C Lovegrove
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew I Geller
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Deblina Datta
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel S Budnitz
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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42
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Kuriakose S, Singh K, Pau AK, Daar E, Gandhi R, Tebas P, Evans L, Gulick RM, Lane HC, Masur H, Aberg JA, Adimora AA, Baker J, Kreuziger LB, Bedimo R, Belperio PS, Cantrill SV, Coopersmith CM, Davis SL, Dzierba AL, Gallagher JJ, Glidden DV, Grund B, Hardy EJ, Hinkson C, Hughes BL, Johnson S, Keller MJ, Kim AY, Lennox JL, Levy MM, Li JZ, Martin GS, Naggie S, Pavia AT, Seam N, Simpson SQ, Swindells S, Tien P, Waghmare AA, Wilson KC, Yazdany J, Zachariah P, Campbell DM, Harrison C, Burgess T, Francis J, Sheikh V, Uyeki TM, Walker R, Brooks JT, Ortiz LB, Davey RT, Doepel LK, Eisinger RW, Han A, Higgs ES, Nason MC, Crew P, Lerner AM, Lund C, Worthington C. Developing Treatment Guidelines During a Pandemic Health Crisis: Lessons Learned From COVID-19. Ann Intern Med 2021; 174:1151-1158. [PMID: 34125574 PMCID: PMC8252833 DOI: 10.7326/m21-1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines began in March 2020 in response to a request from the White House Coronavirus Task Force. Within 4 days of the request, the NIH COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel was established and the first meeting took place (virtually-as did subsequent meetings). The Panel comprises 57 individuals representing 6 governmental agencies, 11 professional societies, and 33 medical centers, plus 2 community members, who have worked together to create and frequently update the guidelines on the basis of evidence from the most recent clinical studies available. The initial version of the guidelines was completed within 2 weeks and posted online on 21 April 2020. Initially, sparse evidence was available to guide COVID-19 treatment recommendations. However, treatment data rapidly accrued based on results from clinical studies that used various study designs and evaluated different therapeutic agents and approaches. Data have continued to evolve at a rapid pace, leading to 24 revisions and updates of the guidelines in the first year. This process has provided important lessons for responding to an unprecedented public health emergency: Providers and stakeholders are eager to access credible, current treatment guidelines; governmental agencies, professional societies, and health care leaders can work together effectively and expeditiously; panelists from various disciplines, including biostatistics, are important for quickly developing well-informed recommendations; well-powered randomized clinical trials continue to provide the most compelling evidence to guide treatment recommendations; treatment recommendations need to be developed in a confidential setting free from external pressures; development of a user-friendly, web-based format for communicating with health care providers requires substantial administrative support; and frequent updates are necessary as clinical evidence rapidly emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Kuriakose
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland (S.K.)
| | - Kanal Singh
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.S., A.K.P., H.C.L., H.M.)
| | - Alice K Pau
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.S., A.K.P., H.C.L., H.M.)
| | - Eric Daar
- Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California (E.D.)
| | - Rajesh Gandhi
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.G.)
| | - Pablo Tebas
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.T.)
| | - Laura Evans
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (L.E.)
| | - Roy M Gulick
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (R.M.G.)
| | - H Clifford Lane
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.S., A.K.P., H.C.L., H.M.)
| | - Henry Masur
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.S., A.K.P., H.C.L., H.M.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel B Jernigan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Dale AP, Hudson MJ, Cullen T, Ellingson KD, Davis K, Armenta D, Friebus H, Currie C, Bhattarai R, Brady S, Komatsu K, Stone ND, Uyeki TM, Slifka KJ, Perez-Velez C, Keaton AA. Administration of Bamlanivimab to Skilled Nursing Facility Residents During a COVID-19 Outbreak, January-February 2021, Arizona. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 22:1357-1358. [PMID: 34000267 PMCID: PMC8096193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariella P Dale
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew J Hudson
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Kat Davis
- Pima County Health Department, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Chase Currie
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Shane Brady
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ken Komatsu
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nimalie D Stone
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kara Jacobs Slifka
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Amelia A Keaton
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response, Atlanta, GA, USA
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45
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Heimonen J, McCulloch DJ, O'Hanlon J, Kim AE, Emanuels A, Wilcox N, Brandstetter E, Stewart M, McCune D, Fry S, Parsons S, Hughes JP, Jackson ML, Uyeki TM, Boeckh M, Starita LM, Bedford T, Englund JA, Chu HY. A remote household-based approach to influenza self-testing and antiviral treatment. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2021; 15:469-477. [PMID: 33939275 PMCID: PMC8189204 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Households represent important settings for transmission of influenza and other respiratory viruses. Current influenza diagnosis and treatment relies upon patient visits to healthcare facilities, which may lead to under‐diagnosis and treatment delays. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of an at‐home approach to influenza diagnosis and treatment via home testing, telehealth care, and rapid antiviral home delivery. Methods We conducted a pilot interventional study of remote influenza diagnosis and treatment in Seattle‐area households with children during the 2019‐2020 influenza season using pre‐positioned nasal swabs and home influenza tests. Home monitoring for respiratory symptoms occurred weekly; if symptoms were reported within 48 hours of onset, participants collected mid‐nasal swabs and used a rapid home‐based influenza immunoassay. An additional home‐collected swab was returned to a laboratory for confirmatory influenza RT‐PCR testing. Baloxavir antiviral treatment was prescribed and delivered to symptomatic and age‐eligible participants, following a telehealth encounter. Results 124 households comprising 481 individuals self‐monitored for respiratory symptoms, with 58 home tests administered. 12 home tests were positive for influenza, of which eight were true positives confirmed by RT‐PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of the home influenza test were 72.7% and 96.2%, respectively. There were eight home deliveries of baloxavir, with 7 (87.5%) occurring within 3 hours of prescription and all within 48 hours of symptom onset. Conclusions We demonstrate the feasibility of self‐testing combined with rapid home delivery of influenza antiviral treatment. This approach may be an important control strategy for influenza epidemics and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Heimonen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jessica O'Hanlon
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ashley E Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne Emanuels
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Naomi Wilcox
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott Fry
- Ellume, East Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | | | - James P Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael L Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Boeckh
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lea M Starita
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Seattle Children's Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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46
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Chow EJ, Beigi RH, Riley LE, Uyeki TM. Clinical Effectiveness and Safety of Antivirals for Influenza in Pregnancy. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab138. [PMID: 34189160 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza epidemics result in substantial health care burden annually. Early initiation of antiviral treatment of influenza has been shown to reduce the risk of complications and duration of illness. Pregnant and postpartum women may be at increased risk for influenza-associated complications; however, pregnant women have been generally excluded from clinical trials of antiviral treatment of influenza. In this review, we summarize the available evidence on the clinical effectiveness and safety of antiviral treatment of pregnant women with influenza. Observational data show a reduction of severe outcomes when pregnant and postpartum women are treated with oseltamivir and other neuraminidase inhibitors without increased risk of adverse maternal, fetal, or neonatal outcomes. Due to lack of safety and efficacy data for baloxavir treatment of pregnant and postpartum women, baloxavir is currently not recommended for use in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Chow
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard H Beigi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura E Riley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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47
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Bhatnagar J, Gary J, Reagan-Steiner S, Estetter LB, Tong S, Tao Y, Denison AM, Lee E, DeLeon-Carnes M, Li Y, Uehara A, Paden CR, Leitgeb B, Uyeki TM, Martines RB, Ritter JM, Paddock CD, Shieh WJ, Zaki SR. Evidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication and Tropism in the Lungs, Airways, and Vascular Endothelium of Patients With Fatal Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Autopsy Case Series. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:752-764. [PMID: 33502471 PMCID: PMC7928839 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to produce substantial morbidity and mortality. To understand the reasons for the wide-spectrum complications and severe outcomes of COVID-19, we aimed to identify cellular targets of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tropism and replication in various tissues. Methods We evaluated RNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded autopsy tissues from 64 case patients (age range, 1 month to 84 years; 21 COVID-19 confirmed, 43 suspected COVID-19) by SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For cellular localization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and viral characterization, we performed in situ hybridization (ISH), subgenomic RNA RT-PCR, and whole-genome sequencing. Results SARS-CoV-2 was identified by RT-PCR in 32 case patients (21 COVID-19 confirmed, 11 suspected). ISH was positive in 20 and subgenomic RNA RT-PCR was positive in 17 of 32 RT-PCR–positive case patients. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was localized by ISH in hyaline membranes, pneumocytes, and macrophages of lungs; epithelial cells of airways; and endothelial cells and vessel walls of brain stem, leptomeninges, lung, heart, liver, kidney, and pancreas. The D614G variant was detected in 9 RT-PCR–positive case patients. Conclusions We identified cellular targets of SARS-CoV-2 tropism and replication in the lungs and airways and demonstrated its direct infection in vascular endothelium. This work provides important insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis and mechanisms of severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julu Bhatnagar
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Correspondence: Julu Bhatnagar, PhD, Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop H18-SB, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027 ()
| | - Joy Gary
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Reagan-Steiner
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lindsey B Estetter
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Suxiang Tong
- Respiratory Viruses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ying Tao
- Respiratory Viruses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amy M Denison
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lee
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marlene DeLeon-Carnes
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Respiratory Viruses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anna Uehara
- Respiratory Viruses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Clinton R Paden
- Respiratory Viruses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brooke Leitgeb
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Roosecelis B Martines
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jana M Ritter
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher D Paddock
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wun-Ju Shieh
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sherif R Zaki
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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48
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Sulaiman I, Chung M, Angel L, Tsay JCJ, Wu BG, Yeung ST, Krolikowski K, Li Y, Duerr R, Schluger R, Thannickal SA, Koide A, Rafeq S, Barnett C, Postelnicu R, Wang C, Banakis S, Perez-Perez L, Jour G, Shen G, Meyn P, Carpenito J, Liu X, Ji K, Collazo D, Labarbiera A, Amoroso N, Brosnahan S, Mukherjee V, Kaufman D, Bakker J, Lubinsky A, Pradhan D, Sterman DH, Weiden M, Hegu A, Evans L, Uyeki TM, Clemente JC, De Wit E, Schmidt AM, Shopsin B, Desvignes L, Wang C, Li H, Zhang B, Forst CV, Koide S, Stapleford KA, Khanna KM, Ghedin E, Segal LN. Microbial signatures in the lower airways of mechanically ventilated COVID19 patients associated with poor clinical outcome. medRxiv 2021:2021.02.23.21252221. [PMID: 33655261 PMCID: PMC7924286 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.23.21252221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mortality among patients with COVID-19 and respiratory failure is high and there are no known lower airway biomarkers that predict clinical outcome. We investigated whether bacterial respiratory infections and viral load were associated with poor clinical outcome and host immune tone. We obtained bacterial and fungal culture data from 589 critically ill subjects with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation. On a subset of the subjects that underwent bronchoscopy, we also quantified SARS-CoV-2 viral load, analyzed the microbiome of the lower airways by metagenome and metatranscriptome analyses and profiled the host immune response. We found that isolation of a hospital-acquired respiratory pathogen was not associated with fatal outcome. However, poor clinical outcome was associated with enrichment of the lower airway microbiota with an oral commensal ( Mycoplasma salivarium ), while high SARS-CoV-2 viral burden, poor anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, together with a unique host transcriptome profile of the lower airways were most predictive of mortality. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that 1) the extent of viral infectivity drives mortality in severe COVID-19, and therefore 2) clinical management strategies targeting viral replication and host responses to SARS-CoV-2 should be prioritized.
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49
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Lane MA, Brownsword EA, Babiker A, Ingersoll JM, Waggoner J, Ayers M, Klopman M, Uyeki TM, Lindsley WG, Kraft CS. Bioaerosol sampling for SARS-CoV-2 in a referral center with critically ill COVID-19 patients March-May 2020. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e1790-e1794. [PMID: 33506256 PMCID: PMC7953966 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has shown that rooms of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present the potential for healthcare-associated transmission through aerosols containing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, data on the presence of these aerosols outside of patient rooms are limited. We investigated whether virus-containing aerosols were present in nursing stations and patient room hallways in a referral center with critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods Eight National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health BC 251 2-stage cyclone samplers were set up throughout 6 units, including nursing stations and visitor corridors in intensive care units and general medical units, for 6 h each sampling period. Samplers were placed on tripods which held 2 samplers positioned 102 cm and 152 cm above the floor. Units were sampled for 3 days. Extracted samples underwent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for selected gene regions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleocapsid and the housekeeping gene human RNase P as an internal control. Results The units sampled varied in the number of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients present on the days of sampling. Some of the units included patient rooms under negative pressure, while most were maintained at a neutral pressure. Of 528 aerosol samples collected, none were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by the estimated limit of detection of 8 viral copies/m3 of air. Conclusions Aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 outside of patient rooms was undetectable. While healthcare personnel should avoid unmasked close contact with each other, these findings may provide reassurance for the use of alternatives to tight-fitting respirators in areas outside of patient rooms during the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Lane
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erik A Brownsword
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ahmed Babiker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica M Ingersoll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jesse Waggoner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Matthew Klopman
- Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Colleen S Kraft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish M Patel
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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