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Collins NB, Al Abosy R, Miller BC, Bi K, Zhao Q, Quigley M, Ishizuka JJ, Yates KB, Pope HW, Manguso RT, Shrestha Y, Wadsworth M, Hughes T, Shalek AK, Boehm JS, Hahn WC, Doench JG, Haining WN. PI3K activation allows immune evasion by promoting an inhibitory myeloid tumor microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003402. [PMID: 35264433 PMCID: PMC8915320 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenes act in a cell-intrinsic way to promote tumorigenesis. Whether oncogenes also have a cell-extrinsic effect on suppressing the immune response to cancer is less well understood. METHODS We use an in vivo expression screen of known cancer-associated somatic mutations in mouse syngeneic tumor models treated with checkpoint blockade to identify oncogenes that promote immune evasion. We then validated candidates from this screen in vivo and analyzed the tumor immune microenvironment of tumors expressing mutant protein to identify mechanisms of immune evasion. RESULTS We found that expression of a catalytically active mutation in phospho-inositol 3 kinase (PI3K), PIK3CA c.3140A>G (H1047R) confers a selective growth advantage to tumors treated with immunotherapy that is reversed by pharmacological PI3K inhibition. PIK3CA H1047R-expression in tumors decreased the number of CD8+ T cells but increased the number of inhibitory myeloid cells following immunotherapy. Inhibition of myeloid infiltration by pharmacological or genetic modulation of Ccl2 in PIK3CA H1047R tumors restored sensitivity to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint blockade. CONCLUSIONS PI3K activation enables tumor immune evasion by promoting an inhibitory myeloid microenvironment. Activating mutations in PI3K may be useful as a biomarker of poor response to immunotherapy. Our data suggest that some oncogenes promote tumorigenesis by enabling tumor cells to avoid clearance by the immune system. Identification of those mechanisms can advance rational combination strategies to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie B Collins
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rose Al Abosy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian C Miller
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Oncology Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael Quigley
- Research Biology, Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Ishizuka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Oncology), Yale Cancer Center and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kathleen B Yates
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hans W Pope
- Arsenal Biosciences, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert T Manguso
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Marc Wadsworth
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Ragon Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Travis Hughes
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Ragon Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Ragon Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Yates KB, Tonnerre P, Martin GE, Gerdemann U, Al Abosy R, Comstock DE, Weiss SA, Wolski D, Tully DC, Chung RT, Allen TM, Kim AY, Fidler S, Fox J, Frater J, Lauer GM, Haining WN, Sen DR. Epigenetic scars of CD8 + T cell exhaustion persist after cure of chronic infection in humans. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1020-1029. [PMID: 34312547 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T cell exhaustion is an induced state of dysfunction that arises in response to chronic infection and cancer. Exhausted CD8+ T cells acquire a distinct epigenetic state, but it is not known whether that chromatin landscape is fixed or plastic following the resolution of a chronic infection. Here we show that the epigenetic state of exhaustion is largely irreversible, even after curative therapy. Analysis of chromatin accessibility in HCV- and HIV-specific responses identifies a core epigenetic program of exhaustion in CD8+ T cells, which undergoes only limited remodeling before and after resolution of infection. Moreover, canonical features of exhaustion, including super-enhancers near the genes TOX and HIF1A, remain 'epigenetically scarred.' T cell exhaustion is therefore a conserved epigenetic state that becomes fixed and persists independent of chronic antigen stimulation and inflammation. Therapeutic efforts to reverse T cell exhaustion may require new approaches that increase the epigenetic plasticity of exhausted T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen B Yates
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pierre Tonnerre
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Inserm U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Genevieve E Martin
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ulrike Gerdemann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rose Al Abosy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn E Comstock
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah A Weiss
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Wolski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damien C Tully
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Allen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Division of Medicine, Wright Fleming Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.,Imperial College National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Julie Fox
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine and Infectious Disease, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - John Frater
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Debattama R Sen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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3
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Miller BC, Sen DR, Abosy RA, Bi K, Virkud Y, LaFleur MW, Yates KB, Lako A, Felt K, Naik GS, Manos M, Gjini E, Ishizuka JJ, Hodi FS, Rodig SJ, Sharpe AH, Haining WN. Abstract A83: Subsets of exhausted CD8+ T cells differentially mediate tumor control and respond to checkpoint blockade. Cancer Immunol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm19-a83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
T-cell dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a hallmark of many cancers. Reinvigoration of T-cell function by PD-1 checkpoint blockade can result in striking clinical responses, but is only effective in a minority of patients. The mechanisms by which anti-PD-1 therapy acts on exhausted T cells are not fully understood. Here we show that anti-PD-1 therapy acts on a specific subpopulation of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in melanoma mouse models, which can also be found in patients with melanoma. Exhausted CD8+ TILs contain a subpopulation of “progenitor exhausted” T cells with critical functional attributes that are not shared by the majority “terminally exhausted” TILs: they retain more polyfunctionality, persist following transfer into tumor-bearing mice, and differentiate to repopulate terminally exhausted TILs in the TME. As a result, progenitor exhausted CD8+ TILs are better able to control tumor growth than terminally exhausted cells. Progenitor exhausted, but not terminally exhausted, CD8+ TILs can respond to anti-PD-1 therapy. Melanoma patients with a higher percentage of progenitor exhausted cells have a longer duration of response to checkpoint blockade therapy. Therefore, approaches to expand progenitor exhausted CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment may be an important component of improving checkpoint blockade response.
Citation Format: Brian C. Miller, Debattama R. Sen, Rose Al Abosy, Kevin Bi, Yamini Virkud, Martin W. LaFleur, Kathleen B. Yates, Ana Lako, Kristen Felt, Girish S. Naik, Michael Manos, Evisa Gjini, Jeffrey J. Ishizuka, F. Stephen Hodi, Scott J. Rodig, Arlene H. Sharpe, W. Nicholas Haining. Subsets of exhausted CD8+ T cells differentially mediate tumor control and respond to checkpoint blockade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2019 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A83.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kevin Bi
- 1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,
| | | | | | | | - Ana Lako
- 1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,
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4
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Sen DR, Weiss SA, Miller BC, Tonnerre P, Abosy RA, Yates KB, Bi K, Lafleur MW, Wolski D, Georg L, Sharpe AH, Haining WN. Abstract PR6: Disrupting enhancers within the core epigenetic program of exhaustion improves T-cell responses and enhances tumor control. Cancer Immunol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm19-pr6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
T-cell exhaustion describes an acquired dysfunction common in settings of cancer and chronic viral infection. Despite clinical efforts to rescue exhaustion, the fundamental mechanisms specifying this state, and the potential for reprogramming exhausted T cells, remain poorly understood. We profiled accessible chromatin in chronic viral infection to show that exhausted CD8+ cells acquire a state-specific landscape of enhancers that profoundly differs from functional memory. Critically, CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes shared significant epigenetic and transcriptional features with chronic viral infection, suggesting that T-cell exhaustion is a fundamental adaptation to settings of chronic stimulation. Comparison of mouse cells to those isolated from patients infected with HCV or HIV showed that the core epigenetic program of exhaustion is conserved across species. Importantly, curative therapy, which reduces viral antigen load, as well as anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, which reduces inhibitory T-cell signaling, failed to reverse the exhausted epigenetic profile. T-cell exhaustion is therefore a stable epigenetic state that is not rescued by common treatment modalities. We then sought new strategies to modulate T-cell exhaustion. We used Cas9-mediated genome editing to generate a novel mouse strain with germline deletion of a core exhaustion-associated enhancer near PD-1. We observed 2- to 3-fold enrichment in vivo of PD-1 enhancer-null cells over control cells in chronic infection, suggesting that CD8+ T cells in these mice might be less prone to exhaustion. PD-1 enhancer-null mice also exhibited slower tumor growth and increased survival when challenged with B16-ova melanoma. The establishment of a core program of T-cell exhaustion and increased insight into its epigenetic modulation has crucial implications for the future of immunotherapy and rational engineering of T cells for clinical use.
This abstract is also being presented as Poster A3.
Citation Format: Debattama R. Sen, Sarah A. Weiss, Brian C. Miller, Pierre Tonnerre, Rose Al Abosy, Kathleen B. Yates, Kevin Bi, Martin W. Lafleur, David Wolski, Lauer Georg, Arlene H. Sharpe, W. Nicholas Haining. Disrupting enhancers within the core epigenetic program of exhaustion improves T-cell responses and enhances tumor control [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2019 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(3 Suppl):Abstract nr PR6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Bi
- 1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,
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5
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Miller BC, Sen DR, Al Abosy R, Bi K, Virkud YV, LaFleur MW, Yates KB, Lako A, Felt K, Naik GS, Manos M, Gjini E, Kuchroo JR, Ishizuka JJ, Collier JL, Griffin GK, Maleri S, Comstock DE, Weiss SA, Brown FD, Panda A, Zimmer MD, Manguso RT, Hodi FS, Rodig SJ, Sharpe AH, Haining WN. Author Correction: Subsets of exhausted CD8 + T cells differentially mediate tumor control and respond to checkpoint blockade. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1556. [PMID: 31582823 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Miller
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debattama R Sen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rose Al Abosy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Bi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yamini V Virkud
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin W LaFleur
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen B Yates
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ana Lako
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen Felt
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Girish S Naik
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Manos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evisa Gjini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juhi R Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Ishizuka
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jenna L Collier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel K Griffin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth Maleri
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn E Comstock
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah A Weiss
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Flavian D Brown
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arpit Panda
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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LaFleur MW, Nguyen TH, Coxe MA, Miller BC, Yates KB, Gillis JE, Sen DR, Gaudiano EF, Al Abosy R, Freeman GJ, Haining WN, Sharpe AH. PTPN2 regulates the generation of exhausted CD8 + T cell subpopulations and restrains tumor immunity. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1335-1347. [PMID: 31527834 PMCID: PMC6754306 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cell exhaustion is a state of dysfunction acquired in chronic viral infection and cancer, characterized by the formation of Slamf6+ progenitor exhausted and Tim-3+ terminally exhausted subpopulations through unknown mechanisms. Here we establish the phosphatase PTPN2 as a new regulator of the differentiation of the terminally exhausted subpopulation that functions by attenuating type 1 interferon signaling. Deletion of Ptpn2 in CD8+ T cells increased the generation, proliferative capacity and cytotoxicity of Tim-3+ cells without altering Slamf6+ numbers during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 infection. Likewise, Ptpn2 deletion in CD8+ T cells enhanced Tim-3+ anti-tumor responses and improved tumor control. Deletion of Ptpn2 throughout the immune system resulted in MC38 tumor clearance and improved programmed cell death-1 checkpoint blockade responses to B16 tumors. Our results indicate that increasing the number of cytotoxic Tim-3+CD8+ T cells can promote effective anti-tumor immunity and implicate PTPN2 in immune cells as an attractive cancer immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W LaFleur
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thao H Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew A Coxe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian C Miller
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen B Yates
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob E Gillis
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debattama R Sen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily F Gaudiano
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rose Al Abosy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Miller BC, Sen DR, Abosy RA, Bi K, Virkud YV, LaFleur MW, Yates KB, Lako A, Felt K, Naik GS, Manos M, Gjini E, Hodi FS, Rodig SJ, Sharpe AH, Haining WN. Abstract 2701: Functionally specialized subsets of exhausted CD8+ T cells mediate tumor control and differentially respond to checkpoint blockade. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
T cell dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a hallmark of many cancers. Reinvigoration of T cell function by PD-1 checkpoint blockade can result in striking clinical responses, but is only effective in a minority of patients. The basis for T cell dysfunction in the TME, as well as the mechanisms by which anti-PD-1 therapy acts on dysfunctional T cells are not fully understood. Here we show that anti-PD-1 therapy acts on a specific subpopulation of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in melanoma mouse models, which can also be found in patients with melanoma. We find that dysfunctional CD8+ TILs possess canonical epigenetic and transcriptional features of T cell exhaustion, mirroring those seen in chronic viral infection. Similar to chronic viral infection, exhausted CD8+ TILs contain a subpopulation of “progenitor exhausted” T cells that have a distinct regulatory state. Progenitor exhausted TILs also have critical functional attributes that are not shared by the majority “terminally exhausted” TILs: they retain more polyfunctionality, persist following transfer into tumor-bearing mice, and differentiate to repopulate terminally exhausted TILs in the TME. As a result, progenitor exhausted CD8+ TILs are better able to control tumor growth than terminally exhausted cells. Progenitor exhausted, but not terminally exhausted, CD8+ TILs can respond to anti-PD-1 therapy but this occurs without reversion of their exhausted epigenetic state. Human melanomas contain CD8+ T cells with a progenitor exhausted phenotype and patients with a higher fraction of this subpopulation in their tumors have a significantly longer duration of response to combination checkpoint blockade therapy. Therefore, approaches to expand progenitor exhausted CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment may be an important component of improving checkpoint blockade response.
Citation Format: Brian C. Miller, Debattama R. Sen, Rose Al Abosy, Kevin Bi, Yamini V. Virkud, Martin W. LaFleur, Kathleen B. Yates, Ana Lako, Kristen Felt, Girish S. Naik, Michael Manos, Evisa Gjini, F. Stephen Hodi, Scott J. Rodig, Arlene H. Sharpe, W. Nicholas Haining. Functionally specialized subsets of exhausted CD8+ T cells mediate tumor control and differentially respond to checkpoint blockade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2701.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kevin Bi
- 1Dana-Farber Cancer Inst., Brookline, MA
| | | | | | | | - Ana Lako
- 1Dana-Farber Cancer Inst., Brookline, MA
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8
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Collins NB, Abosy RA, Miller B, Bi K, Manguso R, Yates K, Haining WN. PI3K activated tumors evade tumor immunity by promoting an inhibitory myeloid microenvironment. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.58.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Oncogenes act in a cell-intrinsic way to promote tumorigenesis. Whether oncogenes also have a cell-extrinsic effect on suppressing the immune response to cancer is less well understood. Here we use an in vivo screen of known cancer-associated somatic mutations in immunocompetent mouse tumor models treated with checkpoint blockade to identify oncogenes that confer immune evasion. We found that a catalytically active mutation in Phospho-Inositol 3 Kinase (PI3K), PIK3CA c.3140A>G (H1047R) confers selective growth advantage after immunotherapy. Pharmacologic PI3K inhibition resensitizes mutant tumors to immunotherapy with anti-PD-1. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in PIK3CA H1047R-expressing tumors has fewer infiltrating CD8+ T cells after immunotherapy but is enriched for immune inhibitory myeloid cells. Inhibition of myeloid infiltration in PIK3CA H1047R tumors results in increased sensitivity to PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Thus PI3K has a role in tumor immune evasion mediated by establishment of an inhibitory myeloid microenvironment in addition to its well-described, cell-intrinsic oncogenic role. Activating mutations in PI3K may be useful as a biomarker of poor response to immunotherapy. More generally, our data suggest a rationale to combine PI3K inhibition with immunotherapy of PI3KCA mutant tumors.
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9
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Miller BC, Sen DR, Al Abosy R, Bi K, Virkud YV, LaFleur MW, Yates KB, Lako A, Felt K, Naik GS, Manos M, Gjini E, Kuchroo JR, Ishizuka JJ, Collier JL, Griffin GK, Maleri S, Comstock DE, Weiss SA, Brown FD, Panda A, Zimmer MD, Manguso RT, Hodi FS, Rodig SJ, Sharpe AH, Haining WN. Subsets of exhausted CD8 + T cells differentially mediate tumor control and respond to checkpoint blockade. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:326-336. [PMID: 30778252 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1010] [Impact Index Per Article: 202.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T cell dysfunction is a hallmark of many cancers, but the basis for T cell dysfunction and the mechanisms by which antibody blockade of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 (anti-PD-1) reinvigorates T cells are not fully understood. Here we show that such therapy acts on a specific subpopulation of exhausted CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Dysfunctional CD8+ TILs possess canonical epigenetic and transcriptional features of exhaustion that mirror those seen in chronic viral infection. Exhausted CD8+ TILs include a subpopulation of 'progenitor exhausted' cells that retain polyfunctionality, persist long term and differentiate into 'terminally exhausted' TILs. Consequently, progenitor exhausted CD8+ TILs are better able to control tumor growth than are terminally exhausted T cells. Progenitor exhausted TILs can respond to anti-PD-1 therapy, but terminally exhausted TILs cannot. Patients with melanoma who have a higher percentage of progenitor exhausted cells experience a longer duration of response to checkpoint-blockade therapy. Thus, approaches to expand the population of progenitor exhausted CD8+ T cells might be an important component of improving the response to checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Miller
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debattama R Sen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rose Al Abosy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Bi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yamini V Virkud
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin W LaFleur
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen B Yates
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ana Lako
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen Felt
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Girish S Naik
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Manos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evisa Gjini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juhi R Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Ishizuka
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jenna L Collier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel K Griffin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth Maleri
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn E Comstock
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah A Weiss
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Flavian D Brown
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arpit Panda
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Sen DR, Miller BC, Abosy RA, Bi K, LaFleur MW, Yates KB, Lako A, Felt KD, Naik GS, Manos M, Gjini E, Virkud YV, Hodi S, Rodig SJ, Sharpe AH, Haining WN. Abstract A216: Functionally specialized subsets of exhausted CD8+ T-cells mediate tumor control and response to checkpoint blockade. Cancer Immunol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr18-a216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
T-cell dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a hallmark of many cancers. Reinvigoration of T-cell function by PD-1 checkpoint blockade can result in striking clinical responses, but is effective only in a minority of patients. The basis for T-cell dysfunction in the TME, as well as the mechanisms by which anti-PD-1 therapy acts on dysfunctional T-cells are not fully understood. Here we show that anti-PD-1 therapy acts on a specific subpopulation of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in melanoma mouse models as well as patients with melanoma. We find that dysfunctional CD8+ TILs possess canonical epigenetic and transcriptional features of T-cell exhaustion, mirroring those seen in chronic viral infection. Similar to chronic viral infection, exhausted CD8+ TILs contain a subpopulation of “stem-like exhausted” T-cells that have a distinct regulatory state. Stem-like exhausted TILs also have critical functional attributes that are not shared by the majority “terminally exhausted” TILs: they retain more polyfunctionality, persist following transfer into tumor-bearing mice, and differentiate to repopulate terminally exhausted TILs in the TME. As a result, stem-like exhausted CD8+ TILs are better able to control tumor growth than terminally exhausted cells. Stem-like exhausted, but not terminally exhausted, CD8+ TILs can respond to anti-PD-1 therapy without reversion of their exhausted epigenetic state. CD8+ T-cells with a stem-like exhausted phenotype can be found in human melanoma samples and patients with a higher fraction of this subpopulation in their tumors have a significantly longer duration of response to combination checkpoint blockade therapy. Responsiveness to checkpoint blockade is therefore restricted to a subpopulation of exhausted TILs that retain specific functional properties which enable them to control tumors. Approaches to expand stem-like exhausted CD8+ T-cells in the tumor microenvironment may be an important component of improving checkpoint blockade response.
Citation Format: Debattama R. Sen, Brian C. Miller, Rose Al Abosy, Kevin Bi, Martin W. LaFleur, Kathleen B. Yates, Ana Lako, Kristen D. Felt, Girish S. Naik, Michael Manos, Evisa Gjini, Yamini V. Virkud, Stephen Hodi, Scott J. Rodig, Arlene H. Sharpe, W. Nicholas Haining. Functionally specialized subsets of exhausted CD8+ T-cells mediate tumor control and response to checkpoint blockade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debattama R. Sen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Brian C. Miller
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Rose Al Abosy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin Bi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Martin W. LaFleur
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen B. Yates
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ana Lako
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kristen D. Felt
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Girish S. Naik
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Manos
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Evisa Gjini
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Yamini V. Virkud
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen Hodi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Scott J. Rodig
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Arlene H. Sharpe
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - W. Nicholas Haining
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard University/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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11
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Collins NB, Miller BC, Bi K, Abosy RA, Yates K, Shrestha Y, Doench J, Boehm J, Haining WN. Abstract 706: In vivo tumor-associated mutation screen identifies PI3K activation as a mechanism of resistance to PD-1 blockade. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Known genomic correlates of response to immunotherapy do not perfectly predict clinical outcome, supporting the existence of unknown mechanisms of resistance to tumor immunity. We hypothesize that somatic, cancer-associated mutations account for heterogeneity in spontaneous response to tumors and response to immunotherapy. We have undertaken a systematic in vivo screen to identify mechanisms of resistance to tumor immunity in order to define a comprehensive set of therapeutic targets and provide biomarkers of sensitivity to immunotherapy. Mouse tumor cell lines (MC38 colon carcinoma or B16 melanoma) were engineered to express a library of barcoded open reading frames (ORFs) mutagenized to encode known cancer-associated somatic mutations. Tumor-bearing animals were treated with anti-PD-1. A mutation in Phospho-Inositol 3 Kinase (PI3K), PIK3CA c.3140A>G, increased in representation in anti-PD-1 treated tumors but not in immunodeficient animals, suggesting that activity of the mutant allele conferred selective growth advantage in the setting of tumor immunity. This mutation encodes a constitutively active mutant catalytic domain, PIK3CA H1047R. MC38 tumors homogeneously expressing H1047R and implanted into wild-type mice failed to respond to anti-PD-1 therapy, while tumors expressing a control gene regressed. Pharmacologic PI3K inhibition resensitized tumors to treatment with anti-PD-1. PD-1-treated PIK3CA H1047R tumors had fewer infiltrating CD8+ T cells as measured by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Single-cell RNA-seq of tumor-infiltrating immune cells revealed a population of myeloid cells expressing known immune inhibitory proteins that differentially enriched in PIK3CA H1047R-expressing tumors. Our data suggest that PI3K has, in addition to its well-described oncogenic role, a role in tumor immune evasion mediated by establishment of an inhibitory myeloid microenvironment. As such, activating mutations in PI3K may be useful as a biomarker of poor response to immunotherapy, and these studies provide a rationale for therapeutic combination trials of PI3K inhibition with checkpoint blockade and other myeloid-targeting immunotherapies.
Citation Format: Natalie B. Collins, Brian C. Miller, Kevin Bi, Rose Al Abosy, Kathleen Yates, Yashaswi Shrestha, John Doench, Jesse Boehm, W Nicholas Haining. In vivo tumor-associated mutation screen identifies PI3K activation as a mechanism of resistance to PD-1 blockade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 706.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin Bi
- 1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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12
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Singhal H, Greene ME, Zarnke AL, Laine M, Al Abosy R, Chang YF, Dembo AG, Schoenfelt K, Vadhi R, Qiu X, Rao P, Santhamma B, Nair HB, Nickisch KJ, Long HW, Becker L, Brown M, Greene GL. Progesterone receptor isoforms, agonists and antagonists differentially reprogram estrogen signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 9:4282-4300. [PMID: 29435103 PMCID: PMC5796974 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Major roadblocks to developing effective progesterone receptor (PR)-targeted therapies in breast cancer include the lack of highly-specific PR modulators, a poor understanding of the pro- or anti-tumorigenic networks for PR isoforms and ligands, and an incomplete understanding of the cross talk between PR and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. Through genomic analyses of xenografts treated with various clinically-relevant ER and PR-targeting drugs, we describe how the activation or inhibition of PR differentially reprograms estrogen signaling, resulting in the segregation of transcriptomes into separate PR agonist and antagonist-mediated groups. These findings address an ongoing controversy regarding the clinical utility of PR agonists and antagonists, alone or in combination with tamoxifen, for breast cancer management. Additionally, the two PR isoforms PRA and PRB, bind distinct but overlapping genomic sites and interact with different sets of co-regulators to differentially modulate estrogen signaling to be either pro- or anti-tumorigenic. Of the two isoforms, PRA inhibited gene expression and ER chromatin binding significantly more than PRB. Differential gene expression was observed in PRA and PRB-rich patient tumors and PRA-rich gene signatures had poorer survival outcomes. In support of antiprogestin responsiveness of PRA-rich tumors, gene signatures associated with PR antagonists, but not PR agonists, predicted better survival outcomes. The better patient survival associated with PR antagonists versus PR agonists treatments was further reflected in the higher in vivo anti-tumor activity of therapies that combine tamoxifen with PR antagonists and modulators. This study suggests that distinguishing common effects observed due to concomitant interaction of another receptor with its ligand (agonist or antagonist), from unique isoform and ligand-specific effects will inform the development of biomarkers for patient selection and translation of PR-targeted therapies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marianne E. Greene
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Allison L. Zarnke
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Muriel Laine
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rose Al Abosy
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ya-Fang Chang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anna G. Dembo
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelly Schoenfelt
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Raga Vadhi
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xintao Qiu
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prakash Rao
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Henry W. Long
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lev Becker
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Geoffrey L. Greene
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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