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Schilling-Loeffler K, Ben Romdhane R, Günther T, Johne R. Household dishwashing detergents efficiently inactivate HSV-1, but not the non-enveloped viruses HAV and MNV, while all viruses were removed from glass by manual scrubbing. Food Microbiol 2024; 118:104404. [PMID: 38049263 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the stability of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and murine norovirus (MNV) on glass, their inactivation by three household dishwashing detergents and during a glass rinsing process. After drying on glass and storage in darkness, virus titers decreased by 4.7, 5.5 and 4.5 log10 plaque forming units (PFU) in 21, 28 and 14 days for HSV-1, HAV and MNV, respectively. Daylight storage resulted in shorter survival times. While HAV and MNV titers were not significantly affected by 60 s incubation in dishwashing detergents at up to 43 °C, HSV-1 titer decreased significantly by > 4 log10 PFU/mL at the same conditions with each detergent used. After cleaning artificially contaminated drinking glasses with a manual glass scrubbing device, HSV-1, HAV and MNV titers decreased significantly by 4.4 ± 0.1 to 5.3 ± 0.0 log10 PFU. Our study shows, that all tested viruses can remain infectious after drying on glass up to several weeks. Household dishwashing detergents efficiently inactivate the enveloped virus HSV-1, but not the non-enveloped viruses HAV and MNV. The applied manual glass rinsing procedure efficiently removed all three viruses from drinking glasses, probably due to the combination of chemical and mechanical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Racem Ben Romdhane
- German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Taras Günther
- German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reimar Johne
- German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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Xiao W, Zhao J, Chen Y, Liu X, Xu C, Zhang J, Qian Y, Xia Q. Global burden and trends of acute viral hepatitis among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Hepatol Int 2024:10.1007/s12072-024-10640-2. [PMID: 38528292 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents are at high risk for acute viral hepatitis (AVH), but epidemiological research focusing on them has been overshadowed by adult chronic B and C. We provide global, regional, and national estimates of the AVH burden and their trends on people under 20 years from 1990 to 2019. METHODS AVH data from Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 was used. Incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated, analyzing trends with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and Joinpoint regression. RESULTS In 2019, 156.39 (95% uncertainty interval 145.20-167.16) million new cases of AVH were reported among children and adolescents globally, resulting in 1.98 (1.50-2.55) million DALYs. Incidence rates for young children (< 5 years), older children (5-9 years), and adolescents (10-19 years) were 12,799 (11,068-14,513), 5,108 (4829-5411), and 3020 (2724-3339) per 100,000 population, respectively. The global AVH incidence displayed a linear decline with an EAPC of - 0.66 (- 0.68 to - 0.65). High-incidence regions included sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania, South Asia, and Central Asia, with India, Pakistan, and Nigeria facing the greatest burden. Leading causes were hepatitis A, followed by hepatitis E, B, and C. All hepatitis types showed declining trends, especially hepatitis B. Furthermore, we confirmed the association between the AVH incidence and the socioeconomics, vaccine, and advanced liver diseases. CONCLUSION Effective vaccines and treatments for hepatitis B and C offer eradication opportunities. Broadening diagnostic and therapeutic coverage is vital to address disparities in service provision for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglong Xiao
- Department of Liver Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xingzhu Liu
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jiaxu Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbing Qian
- Department of Liver Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China.
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Miotti C, Signorini ML, Oteiza JM, Prez VE, Barril PA. Meta-analysis of the prevalence of norovirus and hepatitis a virus in berries. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 413:110577. [PMID: 38262124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) stand as the predominant agents associated with viral foodborne infections. Outbreaks have been documented to be caused by various types of food items, including fresh and/or frozen berries. Comprehensive data concerning crucial viral pathogens in berries remain limited and are not currently available in aggregate form. Consequently, the present study aimed to compile the existing information regarding the prevalence of NoV and HAV in this matrix. Records of foodborne viruses were systematically extracted from database repositories up to December 2022, adhering to PRISMA standards and were subjected to a multilevel random effect meta-analysis model to determine the mean occurrence rate of NoV and HAV. A high heterogeneity across studies was observed (I2 = 82 %), reflecting variations in the prevalence of sampling locations, years, berry types, and sample conditions, among other potential contributing factors. The prevalence of NoV and HAV in berries was calculated at 2.12 % (95 % CI 1.74-2.59 %), and no statistically differences were observed among the viral types or genogroup categories. However, it is important to clarify that this estimate should be taken with caution given the high heterogeneity. There was no discernible correlation between viral prevalence and any particular berry type. However, there was a temporal correlation observed with the year of sampling, revealing a significantly decreasing trend throughout the study period. A significant influence of the sample condition (fresh or frozen) was observed in relation to the prevalence of NoV GII and HAV. Overall higher viral prevalences were identified in berries originating from African countries as compared to those sourced from other continents. It was also noted that the prevalence of NoV GI was significantly higher in samples collected directly from farms compared to those obtained from retailers. The outcomes of this comprehensive meta-analysis propose that while viral contamination of berries is diminishing in more recent times, the prevalence remains substantial in certain African countries, having a significant risk for foodborne infections. It is imperative to implement intervention strategies in these regions to enhance product safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Miotti
- IDICAL - Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA - CONICET SANTA FE), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Lisandro Signorini
- IDICAL - Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA - CONICET SANTA FE), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Juan Martín Oteiza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica a la Industria (CIATI), Centenario, Neuquén, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Verónica Emilse Prez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Gastroenteritis Virales, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Patricia Angélica Barril
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica a la Industria (CIATI), Centenario, Neuquén, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Amen Y, Selim MA, Suef RA, Sayed AM, Othman A. Unveiling the Antiviral Efficacy of Forskolin: A Multifaceted In Vitro and In Silico Approach. Molecules 2024; 29:704. [PMID: 38338448 PMCID: PMC10856047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq. is a medicinal herb of the Lamiaceae family. It is native to India and widely present in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of Egypt, China, Ethiopia, and Pakistan. The roots of C. forskohlii are edible, rich with pharmaceutically bioactive compounds, and traditionally reported to treat a variety of diseases, including inflammation, respiratory disorders, obesity, and viral ailments. Notably, the emergence of viral diseases is expected to quickly spread; consequently, these data impose a need for various approaches to develop broad active therapeutics for utilization in the management of future viral infectious outbreaks. In this study, the naturally occurring labdane diterpenoid derivative, Forskolin, was obtained from Coleus forskohlii. Additionally, we evaluated the antiviral potential of Forskolin towards three viruses, namely the herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and coxsackievirus B4 (COX-B4). We observed that Forskolin displayed antiviral activity against HAV, COX-B4, HSV-1, and HSV-2 with IC50 values of 62.9, 73.1, 99.0, and 106.0 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, we explored the Forskolin's potential antiviral target using PharmMapper, a pharmacophore-based virtual screening platform. Forskolin's modeled structure was analyzed to identify potential protein targets linked to its antiviral activity, with results ranked based on Fit scores. Cathepsin L (PDB ID: 3BC3) emerged as a top-scoring hit, prompting further exploration through molecular docking and MD simulations. Our analysis revealed that Forskolin's binding mode within Cathepsin L's active site, characterized by stable hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, mirrors that of a co-crystallized inhibitor. These findings, supported by consistent RMSD profiles and similar binding free energies, suggest Forskolin's potential in inhibiting Cathepsin L, highlighting its promise as an antiviral agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yhiya Amen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Selim
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.S.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Reda A. Suef
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.S.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Collage of Pharmacy, Almaaqal University, Basrah 61014, Iraq;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Othman
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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Kanda T, Sasaki-Tanaka R, Ishii K, Suzuki R, Inoue J, Tsuchiya A, Nakamoto S, Abe R, Fujiwara K, Yokosuka O, Li TC, Kunita S, Yotsuyanagi H, Okamoto H. Recent advances in hepatitis A virus research and clinical practice guidelines for hepatitis A virus infection in Japan. Hepatol Res 2024; 54:4-23. [PMID: 37906585 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
In 2018, there was a hepatitis A outbreak in Japan, and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is considered a sexually transmitted disease. In general, patients with hepatitis A should be given attention, and this disease should be prevented more than ever. The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) Hepatitis A and E viruses (HAV and HEV) Study Group has worked on the project to create "Recent Advances in Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Research and Clinical Practice Guidelines for HAV Infection in Japan". The group consists of expert hepatologists and virologists who gathered at virtual meeting on August 5, 2023. Data about the pathogenesis, infection routes, diagnosis, complications, several factors for the severities, vaccination, and current and future treatments for hepatitis A were discussed and debated for a draft version. The participants assessed the quality of cited studies. The finalized recommendations are presented in this review. The recent advances in HAV research and clinical practice for HAV infection in Japan, have been reviewed by the AMED HAV and HEV Study Group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reina Sasaki-Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ishii
- Department of Quality Assurance and Radiological Protection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Suzuki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Abe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tian-Cheng Li
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kunita
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, Hospital of the Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Bartosh UI, Dome AS, Zhukova NV, Karitskaya PE, Stepanov GA. CRISPR/Cas9 as a New Antiviral Strategy for Treating Hepatitis Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:334. [PMID: 38203503 PMCID: PMC10779197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis is an inflammatory liver disease primarily caused by hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), D (HDV), and E (HEV) viruses. The chronic forms of hepatitis resulting from HBV and HCV infections can progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while acute hepatitis can lead to acute liver failure, sometimes resulting in fatality. Viral hepatitis was responsible for over 1 million reported deaths annually. The treatment of hepatitis caused by viral infections currently involves the use of interferon-α (IFN-α), nucleoside inhibitors, and reverse transcriptase inhibitors (for HBV). However, these methods do not always lead to a complete cure for viral infections, and chronic forms of the disease pose significant treatment challenges. These facts underscore the urgent need to explore novel drug developments for the treatment of viral hepatitis. The discovery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and the subsequent development of various modifications of this system have represented a groundbreaking advance in the quest for innovative strategies in the treatment of viral infections. This technology enables the targeted disruption of specific regions of the genome of infectious agents or the direct manipulation of cellular factors involved in viral replication by introducing a double-strand DNA break, which is targeted by guide RNA (spacer). This review provides a comprehensive summary of our current knowledge regarding the application of the CRISPR/Cas system in the regulation of viral infections caused by HAV, HBV, and HCV. It also highlights new strategies for drug development aimed at addressing both acute and chronic forms of viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Grigory A. Stepanov
- The Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (U.I.B.); (A.S.D.); (N.V.Z.); (P.E.K.)
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El-Mokhtar MA, Elkhawaga AA, Ahmed MSH, El-Sabaa EMW, Mosa AA, Abdelmohsen AS, Moussa AM, Salama EH, Aboulfotuh S, Ashmawy AM, Seddik AI, Sayed IM, Ramadan HKA. High Incidence of Acute Liver Failure among Patients in Egypt Coinfected with Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E Viruses. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2898. [PMID: 38138042 PMCID: PMC10745896 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are transmitted through the fecal-oral route. HAV outbreaks and one HEV outbreak have been reported in Egypt. However, the impact of HAV-HEV co-infection is not known. In this study, we assessed HEV markers in acute HAV-infected patients (n = 57) enrolled in Assiut University hospitals. We found that 36.8% of HAV-infected patients were also positive for HEV markers (anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA), while 63.2% of the patients were HAV mono-infected. Demographic and clinical criteria were comparable in both HAV mono-infected patients and HAV-HEV co-infected patients. Although liver enzymes were not significantly different between the two groups, liver transaminases were higher in the co-infected patients. Six patients developed acute liver failure (ALF); five of them were HAV-HEV-co-infected patients. The relative risk of ALF development was 8.5 times higher in HAV-HEV co-infection compared to mono-infection. Three cases of ALF caused by HAV-HEV co-infection were reported in children (below 18 years) and two cases were reported in adults. All patients developed jaundice, coagulopathy, and encephalopathy; all were living in rural communities. In conclusion: HAV-HEV co-infection can be complicated by ALF. The risk of ALF development in HAV-infected patients is higher when coinfection with HEV is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
| | - Amal A. Elkhawaga
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mona Sedky Hussein Ahmed
- Molecular Biology Researches & Studies Institute (MBRSI), Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ehsan M. W. El-Sabaa
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Aliaa A. Mosa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shawkat Abdelmohsen
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Abdelmajeed M. Moussa
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Eman H. Salama
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Sahar Aboulfotuh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Ashmawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail Seddik
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M. Sayed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Haidi Karam-Allah Ramadan
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
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Hu X, Hu W, Dong Y, Lu X, Xu F, Zhang S. Epidemiology and transmission of hepatitis A in Shaanxi (western China) after more than ten years of universal vaccination. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16305. [PMID: 38025675 PMCID: PMC10652842 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis A (HepA) vaccination and economic factors can change the epidemiology of HepA. In China, the implementation of free vaccination for children under 1.5 years of age in 2008 has resulted in a decline in the overall incidence of HepA. Nevertheless, further investigation is required to comprehensively understand the epidemiological patterns of HepA in economically disadvantaged regions of China. Method In this study, we evaluated the incidence, seroprevalence, and transmission characteristics of HepA in Shaanxi with less economically developed. We obtained data on reported cases of HepA from 2005 to 2020. Blood samples from 1,559 individuals aged 0 to 60 years were tested for anti-hepatitis A (HAV) antibodies. A questionnaire survey and blood sample collection were conducted in two sentinel sites from 2019 to 2021. Result Between 2008 to 2020, the number of reported cases of HepA decreased from 3.44/100,000 person-years to 0.65/100,000 person-years, indicating an 81.1% decrease, which was particularly pronounced among younger age groups (0-19 years). From 2015-2020, infections were more likely to occur in people in their 40s and those over the age of 60. Farmers were still the most common occupation of HepA in the last decade. The results of the serological investigation showed the highest anti-HAV seroprevalence was observed in adults aged 39-60 years (94.6%) and those aged 28-38 years (87.8%). The 10-15 years group had the lowest seroprevalence at 49.3%. During the study period, a total of 22 cases were reported by sentinel sites, but the common risk factors (like raw food exposure, travel history, and closed contact with patients) were not identified. Conclusion Given the greater severity of illness in the adult population and the ambiguous transmission routine, enhanced surveillance for HepA and evaluations that identify feasible approaches to mitigate the risk of HAV transmission are urgent priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Hu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Weijun Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dong
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- Department of Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fujie Xu
- Bill& Melinda Gates Foundation, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobai Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, China
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Bardón De Tena P, Tapia Paniagua ST, Vico Sevilla JA, Clavijo E, Martínez Manzanares E, Gonzalez-Domenech CM. Unusual Surge of Acute Hepatitis A Cases in 2016 and 2017 in Malaga, Southern Spain: Characterization and Relationship with Other Concurrent European Outbreaks. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6613. [PMID: 37892751 PMCID: PMC10607832 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to describe the Hepatitis A virus (HAV) cases that arose in Malaga (Spain) in 2016 and 2017 when the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) reported several outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM). Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study gathering demographic, clinical, and immunological data from the acute HAV patients attending our hospital between March 2016 and December 2017. Additionally, VP1/P2A region was amplified from serum samples, sequenced, and genotyped. We finally performed a phylogenetic analysis, including the HAV strains from the other European outbreaks. A total of 184 HAV cases were reported, with the highest number in March 2017. The cohort mostly comprised Spaniards (81.0%), males (84.8%), and MSM (72.3%), with a median age of 33.0 years (interquartile range (IQR) = 25.0-43.0). Most patients exhibited symptoms. In addition, a successful amplification and sequencing of the VP1/P2A region was performed in 25 out of 106 serum samples (23.6%). All the sequences belonged to the genotype IA, and 20 were phylogenetically related to VRD_521_2016, first described in the United Kingdom (UK). In conclusion, HAV cases emerged in Malaga in 2016 and 2017, showing an epidemic character phylogenetically related to the predominant strain first detected in the UK. Characteristics of the cohort were similar to those from the European outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvana Teresa Tapia Paniagua
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Avenue Louis Pasteur w/n, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (S.T.T.P.); (E.C.); (E.M.M.)
| | | | - Encarnación Clavijo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Avenue Louis Pasteur w/n, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (S.T.T.P.); (E.C.); (E.M.M.)
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Unit, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martínez Manzanares
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Avenue Louis Pasteur w/n, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (S.T.T.P.); (E.C.); (E.M.M.)
| | - Carmen Maria Gonzalez-Domenech
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Avenue Louis Pasteur w/n, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (S.T.T.P.); (E.C.); (E.M.M.)
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Farazdaghi A, Sen I, Anderson PB, Shuja F, Rasmussen TE. The Human Acellular Vessel ( HAV) as a vascular conduit for infrainguinal arterial bypass. J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech 2023; 9:101123. [PMID: 37674588 PMCID: PMC10477679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2023.101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous vein is the optimal conduit for peripheral arterial bypass surgery, a standard recently highlighted by findings from the BEST-CLI trial. The Human Acellular Vessel is a novel biologic conduit produced using regenerative medicine technologies with structural and mechanical properties like a human blood vessel. Not yet approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, the Human Acellular Vessel is being studied as an alternative bypass conduit in patients with peripheral arterial disease, vascular injury, and those in need of arteriovenous access for hemodialysis. This report describes and illustrates the technical aspects of intraoperative handling specific to the use of this new and innovative technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Farazdaghi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Indrani Sen
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic Health Systems, EauClaire, WI
| | - Peter B. Anderson
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fahad Shuja
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Todd E. Rasmussen
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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11
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Colasanti O, Burm R, Huang HE, Riedl T, Traut J, Gillich N, Li TF, Corneillie L, Faure-Dupuy S, Grünvogel O, Heide D, Lee JY, Tran CS, Merle U, Chironna M, Vondran FFW, Esser-Nobis K, Binder M, Bartenschlager R, Heikenwälder M, Meuleman P, Lohmann V. Comparison of HAV and HCV infections in vivo and in vitro reveals distinct patterns of innate immune evasion and activation. J Hepatol 2023; 79:645-656. [PMID: 37121436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections are considered not to trigger innate immunity in vivo, in contrast to hepatitis C virus (HCV). This lack of induction has been imputed to strong interference by HAV proteases 3CD and 3ABC. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of immune activation and counteraction by HAV and HCV in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Albumin-urokinase-type plasminogen activator/severe combined immunodeficiency (Alb/uPA-SCID) mice with humanised livers were infected with HAV and HCV. Hepatic cell culture models were used to assess HAV and HCV sensing by Toll-like receptor 3 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I/melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (RIG-I/MDA5), respectively. Cleavage of the adaptor proteins TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) and mitochondrial antiviral-signalling protein (MAVS) was analysed by transient and stable expression of HAV and HCV proteases and virus infection. RESULTS We detected similar levels of interferon-stimulated gene induction in hepatocytes of HAV- and HCV-infected mice with humanised liver. In cell culture, HAV induced interferon-stimulated genes exclusively upon MDA5 sensing and depended on LGP2 (laboratory of genetics and physiology 2). TRIF and MAVS were only partially cleaved by HAV 3ABC and 3CD, not sufficiently to abrogate signalling. In contrast, HCV NS3-4A efficiently degraded MAVS, as previously reported, whereas TRIF cleavage was not detected. CONCLUSIONS HAV induces an innate immune response in hepatocytes via MDA5/LGP2, with limited control of both pathways by proteolytic cleavage. HCV activates Toll-like receptor 3 and lacks TRIF cleavage, suggesting that this pathway mainly contributes to HCV-induced antiviral responses in hepatocytes. Our results shed new light on the induction of innate immunity and counteraction by HAV and HCV. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Understanding the mechanisms that determine the differential outcomes of HAV and HCV infections is crucial for the development of effective therapies. Our study provides insights into the interplay between these viruses and the host innate immune response in vitro and in vivo, shedding light on previously controversial or only partially investigated aspects. This knowledge could tailor the development of new strategies to combat HCV persistence, as well as improve our understanding of the factors underlying successful HAV clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ombretta Colasanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rani Burm
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hao-En Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Riedl
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jannik Traut
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Gillich
- Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teng-Feng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Corneillie
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Suzanne Faure-Dupuy
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Grünvogel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danijela Heide
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cong Si Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Internal Medicine IV, Department of Gastroenterology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Chironna
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Florian F W Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Esser-Nobis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division "Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis", German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; The M3 Research Institute, Medical Faculty Tuebingen (MTF), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host-Interactions, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Fallucca A, Restivo V, Sgariglia MC, Roveta M, Trucchi C. Hepatitis a Vaccine as Opportunity of Primary Prevention for Food Handlers: A Narrative Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1271. [PMID: 37515087 PMCID: PMC10383099 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is still a leading cause of viral hepatitis worldwide. After a long incubation period, the clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic infection to acute liver failure. The severity of the disease increases with age and pre-existing liver disease. The transmission is mainly via person-to-person contact or ingestion of contaminated food or water. Food contamination can occur at any step of the food chain, especially when infected people handle not-heated or otherwise-treated food. HAV is endemic in low-income countries because of poor sanitary and sociodemographic conditions. The populations of developed countries are highly susceptible, and large outbreaks occur when HAV is introduced from endemic countries due to globalization, travel, and movement of foodstuffs. HAV prevention includes hygiene practices, immunoglobulins, and vaccination. Safe and effective inactivated and live attenuated vaccines are available and provide long-term protection. The vaccine targets are children and subjects at increased risk of HAV exposure or serious clinical outcomes. This review discusses the critical role of food handlers in the spread of HAV and the opportunity for food industry employers to consider food handler immunization a tool to manage both food safety in compliance with HACCP principles and food operators' biologic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fallucca
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Restivo
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Marco Roveta
- Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Department of Prevention, Local Health Unit 3, 16142 Genoa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Trucchi
- Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Department of Prevention, Local Health Unit 3, 16142 Genoa, Italy
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13
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Omidifar N, Bagheri Lankarani K, Aghazadeh Ghadim MB, Khoshdel N, Joulaei H, Keshani P, Saghi SA, Nikmanesh Y. The Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A in Patients with Positive Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Middle East J Dig Dis 2023; 15:196-202. [PMID: 38023458 PMCID: PMC10660319 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2023.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) can have severe manifestations in adult patients with other liver diseases, particularly in those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study aimed to measure immunity against HAV in HIV-positive individuals to determine the necessity of vaccination against HAV in this population. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated 171 HIV-positive patients aged 18 years or older who were tested for serum IgG anti-viral hepatitis A antibody. The prevalence and its determinants were analyzed based on patient data. Results: The average age of the patients was 44.2 years old. The prevalence of HAV antibody positivity was 97.7%. The prevalence was higher in patients older than 30 years. There was a close association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (P=0.002). There were no significant correlations between antibody levels and sex, marital status, employment status, education level, economic status, smoking status, drug use status, and physical activity level. The mean and median CD4+ counts in patients with positive (reactive) antibody (Ab) levels were 458 and 404±294, respectively, while the mean and median CD4+ counts in patients with non-reactive antibody levels were 806 and 737±137, respectively, in those who tested negative for anti-HAV Ab (P=0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of anti-hepatitis A IgG antibodies in people with HIV was very high in Shiraz. There is an increasing trend in the number of older patients and those with HCV infections. The negative association with CD4 was borderline in this study, which needs to be confirmed in larger groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Omidifar
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mir Behrad Aghazadeh Ghadim
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nika Khoshdel
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Joulaei
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Keshani
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Amirreza Saghi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Yousef Nikmanesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Vassilopoulos S, Kalligeros M, Vassilopoulos A, Shehadeh F, Benitez G, Kaczynski M, Lazaridou I, Promrat K, Wands JR, Mylonakis E. Impact of prior HBV, HAV, and HEV infection on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Viral Hepat 2023. [PMID: 37309229 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease. The association between prior hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and NAFLD remains unclear. We utilized the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and performed multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the association of prior HBV, HAV and HEV infection with NAFLD, as well as high risk non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis. Our analysis included 2565 participants with available anti-HBc serology results, 1480 unvaccinated participants with anti-HAV results, and 2561 participants with anti-HEV results. Among participants with NAFLD, the age-adjusted prevalence of prior HBV, HAV and HEV infection was 3.48%, 32.08% and 7.45%, respectively. Prior infection with HBV, HAV and HEV was not associated with NAFLD (cut-off 285 dB/m) [aOR: 0.99 (95% CI, 0.77-1.29), 1.29 (95% CI, 0.95-1.75), and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.70-1.27), respectively] or high-risk NASH [aOR 0.72 (95% CI, 0.45-1.17), 0.92 (95% CI, 0.55-1.52), and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.41-1.94), respectively]. Participants with anti-HBc and anti-HAV seropositivity were more likely to have significant fibrosis [aOR: 1.53 (95% CI, 1.05-2.23) and 1.69 (95% CI, 1.16-2.47), respectively]. The odds of significant fibrosis are 53%, and 69% greater for participants with prior history of HBV and HAV infection. Healthcare providers should prioritize vaccination efforts and employ a tailored approach to NAFLD in patients with prior viral hepatitis and especially HBV or HAV infection to limit disease-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanos Vassilopoulos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Markos Kalligeros
- Division of Internal Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Athanasios Vassilopoulos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Fadi Shehadeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregorio Benitez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Matthew Kaczynski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ingrid Lazaridou
- Division of Internal Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kittichai Promrat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jack R Wands
- Liver Research Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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15
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Sasaki-Tanaka R, Shibata T, Moriyama M, Kogure H, Hirai-Yuki A, Okamoto H, Kanda T. Masitinib Inhibits Hepatitis A Virus Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9708. [PMID: 37298659 PMCID: PMC10253910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection causes acute hepatitis. HAV also induces acute liver failure or acute-on-chronic liver failure; however, no potent anti-HAV drugs are currently available in clinical situations. For anti-HAV drug screening, more convenient and useful models that mimic HAV replication are needed. In the present study, we established HuhT7-HAV/Luc cells, which are HuhT7 cells stably expressing the HAV HM175-18f genotype IB subgenomic replicon RNA harboring the firefly luciferase gene. This system was made by using a PiggyBac-based gene transfer system that introduces nonviral transposon DNA into mammalian cells. Then, we investigated whether 1134 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs exhibited in vitro anti-HAV activity. We further demonstrated that treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitor masitinib significantly reduced both HAV HM175-18f genotype IB replication and HAV HA11-1299 genotype IIIA replication. Masitinib also significantly inhibited HAV HM175 internal ribosomal entry-site (IRES) activity. In conclusion, HuhT7-HAV/Luc cells are adequate for anti-HAV drug screening, and masitinib may be useful for the treatment of severe HAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Sasaki-Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (T.S.); (M.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Toshikatsu Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (T.S.); (M.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (T.S.); (M.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Hirofumi Kogure
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (T.S.); (M.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Asuka Hirai-Yuki
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan;
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan;
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (T.S.); (M.M.); (H.K.)
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16
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Baymakova M, Kunchev M, Mihaylova-Garnizova R, Zasheva A, Plochev K, Kundurzhiev T, Tsachev I. Comparative Analysis on Clinical Characteristics Among Patients with Acute Hepatitis A Virus ( HAV) and Patients with Acute Hepatitis E Virus (HEV): A Single-Center Retrospective Study from Bulgaria. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3349-3366. [PMID: 37274360 PMCID: PMC10237331 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s411606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The acute viral hepatitis was one of the most common conditions in daily clinical practice varying in different parts of the world. The aim of the present study was to perform a comparative analysis on clinical characteristics among patients with acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection and patients with acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection admitted to the Military Medical Academy (MMA), Sofia, Bulgaria. Methods A retrospective study was performed at MMA, between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2021. The etiological diagnosis was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) HAV/HEV IgM serology assays. Results The current survey included 231 patients with mean age 45.11 ± 16.08 years (95% confidence interval: 43.04-47.19). According to the case definition, inclusion and exclusion criteria, persons were divided into two groups: patients with acute HAV infection (68.4%; 158/231) and patients with acute HEV infection (31.6%; 73/231). Males with HEV had 3.091 times the odds of comorbidity "hypertension" than males with HAV (p = 0.032). There were almost equal odds of increased ALT (odds ratio = 0.999; p = 0.003) in men with HEV and men with HAV. Females with HEV had 5.161 times the odds of comorbidity "hypertension" compared with females with HAV (p = 0.049). We found almost equal odds for elevated ALT in women with HEV and women with HAV (OR = 0.999; p = 0.025). In the non-elderly group (<60-year-old), HEV individuals had 4.544 and 10.560 times the odds of comorbidities "hypertension" and "cardiovascular diseases" compared with HAV patients (p < 0.05). We found almost equal odds for elevated ALT in HEV patients and HAV participants (OR = 0.998; p = 0.002). Conclusion The results from the current study may support the physicians daily care for patients with acute HAV and acute HEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Baymakova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Metodi Kunchev
- Department of Virology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Anelia Zasheva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kamen Plochev
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Todor Kundurzhiev
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilia Tsachev
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Fantilli A, Cola GD, Castro G, Sicilia P, Cachi AM, de Los Ángeles Marinzalda M, Ibarra G, López L, Valduvino C, Barbás G, Nates S, Masachessi G, Pisano MB, Ré V. Hepatitis A virus monitoring in wastewater: A complementary tool to clinical surveillance. Water Res 2023; 241:120102. [PMID: 37262946 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring wastewater is an effective tool for tracking information on trends of enteric viral dissemination. This study aimed to perform molecular detection and genetic characterization of HAV in wastewater and to correlate the results with those obtained from clinical surveillance. Wastewater samples (n=811) of the second most populous city in Argentina were collected from the main wastewater treatment plant (BG-WWTP, n=261), and at 7 local neighborhood collector sewers (LNCS, n=550) during 2017-2022. Clinical samples of acute hepatitis A cases (HA, n=54) were also analyzed. HAV molecular detection was performed by real time RT-PCR, and genetic characterization by RT-Nested PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RNA-HAV was detected in sewage samples throughout the entire period studied, and detection frequencies varied according to the location and year (2.9% - 56.5%). In BG-WWTP, 23% of the samples were RNA-HAV+. The highest detection rates were in 2017 (30.0%), 2018 (41.7%) and 2022 (56.5%), which coincides with the highest number of HA cases reported. Twenty-eight (28) sequences were obtained (from clinical and sewage samples), and all were genotype IA. Two monophyletic clusters were identified: one that grouped clinical and wastewater samples from 2017-2018, and another with specimens from 2022, evidencing that environmental surveillance might constitute a replica of viral circulation in the population. These findings evidence that WBE, in a centralized and decentralized sewage monitoring, might be an effective strategy to track HAV circulation trends over time, contributing to the knowledge of HAV in the new post-vaccination epidemiological scenarios in Argentina and in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabella Fantilli
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA C1425FQB, Argentina.
| | - Guadalupe Di Cola
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Castro
- Departamento Laboratorio Central, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, T. Cáceres de Allende 421, Córdoba ´ X5000HVE, Argentina
| | - Paola Sicilia
- Departamento Laboratorio Central, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, T. Cáceres de Allende 421, Córdoba ´ X5000HVE, Argentina
| | - Ariana Mariela Cachi
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Aeronáutica y Espacial, FAA, Av. Fuerza Aérea Argentina Km 6 1/2 S/N B.0 Cívico, Córdoba X5010, Argentina; Facultad de la Fuerza Aérea, Universidad de la Defensa Nacional, Av. Fuerza Aérea Argentina 5011, Córdoba X5000, Argentina
| | - María de Los Ángeles Marinzalda
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Aeronáutica y Espacial, FAA, Av. Fuerza Aérea Argentina Km 6 1/2 S/N B.0 Cívico, Córdoba X5010, Argentina; Facultad de la Fuerza Aérea, Universidad de la Defensa Nacional, Av. Fuerza Aérea Argentina 5011, Córdoba X5000, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Ibarra
- Planta Municipal de tratamiento de efluente cloacales Bajo Grande-Laboratorio de análisis fisicoquímicos, bacteriológicos EDAR Bajo Grande, Cam. Chacra de la Merced 901, Córdoba X5000, Argentina
| | - Laura López
- Área de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 2311 Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5016 GCH, Argentina
| | - Celina Valduvino
- Área de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 2311 Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5016 GCH, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Barbás
- Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 2311 Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5016 GCH, Argentina. Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina Av. Vélez Sarsfield 2311 Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5016 GCH, Argentina
| | - Silvia Nates
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000, Argentina
| | - Gisela Masachessi
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - María Belén Pisano
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Viviana Ré
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA C1425FQB, Argentina
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18
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Gabrielli F, Alberti F, Russo C, Cursaro C, Seferi H, Margotti M, Andreone P. Treatment Options for Hepatitis A and E: A Non-Systematic Review. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051080. [PMID: 37243166 DOI: 10.3390/v15051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A and hepatitis E are relatively common causes of liver disease. Both viruses are mainly transmitted through the faecal-oral route and, consequently, most outbreaks occur in countries with poor sanitation. An important role of the immune response as the driver of liver injury is also shared by the two pathogens. For both the hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis E (HEV) viruses, the clinical manifestations of infection mainly consist of an acute disease with mild liver injury, which results in clinical and laboratory alterations that are self-limiting in most cases. However, severe acute disease or chronic, long-lasting manifestations may occur in vulnerable patients, such as pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals or those with pre-existing liver disease. Specifically, HAV infection rarely results in fulminant hepatitis, prolonged cholestasis, relapsing hepatitis and possibly autoimmune hepatitis triggered by the viral infection. Less common manifestations of HEV include extrahepatic disease, acute liver failure and chronic HEV infection with persistent viraemia. In this paper, we conduct a non-systematic review of the available literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the state of the art. Treatment mainly consists of supportive measures, while the available evidence for aetiological treatment and additional agents in severe disease is limited in quantity and quality. However, several therapeutic approaches have been attempted: for HAV infection, corticosteroid therapy has shown outcome improvement, and molecules, such as AZD 1480, zinc chloride and heme oxygenase-1, have demonstrated a reduction in viral replication in vitro. As for HEV infection, therapeutic options mainly rely on the use of ribavirin, and some studies utilising pegylated interferon-alpha have shown conflicting results. While a vaccine for HAV is already available and has led to a significant reduction in the prevalence of the disease, several vaccines for HEV are currently being developed, with some already available in China, showing promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Gabrielli
- Postgraduate School of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Alberti
- Postgraduate School of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Postgraduate School of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Carmela Cursaro
- Internal and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maternal-Infantile and Adult, AOU di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Hajrie Seferi
- Internal and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maternal-Infantile and Adult, AOU di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Marzia Margotti
- Internal and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maternal-Infantile and Adult, AOU di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Pietro Andreone
- Internal and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maternal-Infantile and Adult, AOU di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maternal-Infantile and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy
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19
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De Vito A, Colpani A, Trunfio M, Fiore V, Moi G, Fois M, Leoni N, Ruiu S, Babudieri S, Calcagno A, Madeddu G. Living with HIV and Getting Vaccinated: A Narrative Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050896. [PMID: 37243000 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
After 40 years of its appearance, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a leading public health challenge worldwide. Since the introduction of antiretroviral treatment (ART), HIV infection has become a chronic condition, and people living with HIV could have life expectancies close to those of the general population. People with HIV often have an increased risk of infection or experience more severe morbidity following exposure to vaccine-preventable diseases. Nowadays, several vaccines are available against bacteria and viruses. However, national and international vaccination guidelines for people with HIV are heterogeneous, and not every vaccine is included. For these reasons, we aimed to perform a narrative review about the vaccinations available for adults living with HIV, reporting the most updated studies performed for each vaccine among this population. We performed a comprehensive literature search through electronic databases (Pubmed-MEDLINE and Embase) and search engines (Google Scholar). We included English peer-reviewed publications (articles and reviews) on HIV and vaccination. Despite widespread use and guideline recommendations, few vaccine trials have been conducted in people with HIV. In addition, not all vaccines are recommended for people with HIV, especially for those with low CD4 cells count. Clinicians should carefully collect the history of vaccinations and patients' acceptance and preferences and regularly check the presence of antibodies for vaccine-preventable pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Vito
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Agnese Colpani
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mattia Trunfio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10149 Torino, Italy
| | - Vito Fiore
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giulia Moi
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Fois
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Nicola Leoni
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruiu
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sergio Babudieri
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcagno
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10149 Torino, Italy
| | - Giordano Madeddu
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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20
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Wang Z, Jung S, Yeo D, Park S, Woo S, Seo Y, Hossain MI, Kim M, Choi C. Assessing the Removal Efficiency of Murine Norovirus 1, Hepatitis A Virus, and Human Coronavirus 229E on Dish Surfaces Through General Wash Program of Household Dishwasher. Food Environ Virol 2023; 15:61-70. [PMID: 36595129 PMCID: PMC9807978 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The performance of dishwashers in removing live viruses is an important informative value in practical applications. Since foodborne viruses are present in contaminated food surfaces and water environments. Insufficient washing of dishes typically makes a carrier of foodborne viruses. Dishwashers have shown excellent performance in removing bacterial pathogens, but very limited reports related to eliminate foodborne viruses on contaminated dish surfaces. Here, murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) were experimentally inoculated on the dish surfaces (plate, rice bowl, and soup bowl). Plaque assay, 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were conducted to determine their removal efficiency of them through the general wash program of household dishwashers. Using titration assay, MNV-1 and HAV were reduced by 7.44 and 6.57 log10 PFU/dish, and HCoV-229E was reduced by 6.43 log10 TCID50/dish through the general wash program, achieving a ≥ 99.999% reduction, respectively. Additionally, RT-qPCR results revealed that viral RNA of MNV-1 and HCoV-229E reduced 5.02 and 4.54 log10 genome copies/dish; in contrast, HAV was not detected on any dish surfaces. This study confirmed the performance of household dishwashers in removing pathogenic live viruses through the general wash program. However, residual viral RNA was not sufficiently removed. Further studies are needed to determine whether the viral RNA can be sufficiently removed using combination programs in household dishwashers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Soontag Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Yeo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunho Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyoung Woo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Technology R&D Office, SK magic, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, 18298, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Chatonnat E, Manseau-Ferland K, Jubinville E, Goulet-Beaulieu V, Jean J. Prevalence of Foodborne Viruses in Berries Harvested in Canada. Foods 2023; 12:723. [PMID: 36832797 PMCID: PMC9955551 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that the transmission of different foodborne viruses can occur either via discharge of contaminated water close to the production environment or via close contact with animal feces. Cranberries are intimately associated with water throughout their production cycle, and blueberries grow close to the ground which could lead to contact with wildlife. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of human norovirus (HuNoV GI and GII), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in two berries produced commercially in Canada. The detection of HuNoV and HAV on RTE cranberries and of HEV on wild blueberries was evaluated using the ISO method 15216-1:2017. Only 3 of 234 cranberry samples tested positive for HuNoV GI (3.6, 7.4, 5.3 genome copies/g, respectively) and all were negative for HuNoV GII and HAV. PMA pre-treatment and sequencing confirmed the absence of potential intact HuNoV GI particles on cranberries. None of the 150 blueberry samples tested positive for HEV. Overall, the prevalence of foodborne viruses in RTE cranberries and wild blueberries harvested in Canada is low, making these products relatively safe for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julie Jean
- Food Science Department, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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22
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Sayed IM. Dual Infection of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus- What Is Known? Viruses 2023; 15. [PMID: 36851512 DOI: 10.3390/v15020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is an infection of human hepatocytes resulting in liver damage. Dual infection of two hepatotropic viruses affects disease outcomes. The hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are two enterically transmitted viruses; they are single-stranded RNA viruses and have common modes of transmission. They are transmitted mainly by the fecal-oral route and ingestion of contaminated food, though the HAV has no animal reservoirs. The HAV and HEV cause acute self-limiting disease; however, the HEV, but not HAV, can progress to chronic and extrahepatic infections. The HAV/HEV dual infection was reported among acute hepatitis patients present in developing countries. The impact of the HAV/HEV on the prognosis for acute hepatitis is not completely understood. Studies showed that the HAV/HEV dual infection increased abnormalities in the liver leading to fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) with a higher mortality rate compared to infection with a single virus. On the other hand, other reports showed that the clinical symptoms of the HAV/HEV dual infection were comparable to symptoms associated with the HAV or HEV monoinfection. This review highlights the modes of transmission, the prevalence of the HAV/HEV dual infection in various countries and among several study subjects, the possible outcomes of this dual infection, potential model systems for studying this dual infection, and methods of prevention of this dual infection and its associated complications.
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23
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Elbahrawy A, Atalla H, Alboraie M, Alwassief A, Madian A, El Fayoumie M, Tabll AA, Aly HH. Recent Advances in Protective Vaccines against Hepatitis Viruses: A Narrative Review. Viruses 2023; 15:214. [PMID: 36680254 PMCID: PMC9862019 DOI: 10.3390/v15010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has been confirmed to be the safest and, sometimes, the only tool of defense against threats from infectious diseases. The successful history of vaccination is evident in the control of serious viral infections, such as smallpox and polio. Viruses that infect human livers are known as hepatitis viruses and are classified into five major types from A to E, alphabetically. Although infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) is known to be self-resolving after rest and symptomatic treatment, there were 7134 deaths from HAV worldwide in 2016. In 2019, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) resulted in an estimated 820,000 and 290,000 deaths, respectively. Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite virus that depends on HBV for producing its infectious particles in order to spread. The combination of HDV and HBV infection is considered the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is another orally transmitted virus, common in low- and middle-income countries. In 2015, it caused 44,000 deaths worldwide. Safe and effective vaccines are already available to prevent hepatitis A and B. Here, we review the recent advances in protective vaccines against the five major hepatitis viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Elbahrawy
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hassan Atalla
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alboraie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alwassief
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, P.O. Box 50, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Ali Madian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohammed El Fayoumie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. Tabll
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo 11517, Egypt
| | - Hussein H. Aly
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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24
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Takuissu GR, Kenmoe S, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Bowo-Ngandji A, Ndzie Ondigui JL, Kenfack-Momo R, Tchatchouang S, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Lontuo Fogang R, Zeuko’o Menkem E, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Veneri C, Mancini P, Bonanno Ferraro G, Iaconelli M, Orlandi L, Del Giudice C, Suffredini E, La Rosa G. Occurrence of Hepatitis A Virus in Water Matrices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1054. [PMID: 36673812 PMCID: PMC9859052 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis A is a common form of viral hepatitis. It is usually transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food and water. This systematic review was carried out to summarise the overall prevalence of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) in different water matrices: untreated and treated wastewater, surface water, groundwater, drinking water, and others (e.g., irrigation water and floodwater). The literature search was performed in four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, and Excerpta Medica Database. Heterogeneity (I2) was assessed using the χ2 test on the Cochran Q statistic and H parameters. A total of 200 prevalence data from 144 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of HAV in water matrices was 16.7% (95% CI: 13.4−20.3). The prevalence for individual matrix was as follows: 31.4% (95% CI: 23.0−40.4) untreated wastewater, 18.0% (95% CI: 9.5−28.2) treated wastewater, 15.0% (95% CI: 10.1−20.5) surface water, 2.3% (95% CI: 0.1−6.0) in groundwater, 0.3% (95% CI: 0.0−1.7) in drinking water, and 8.5% (95% CI: 3.1−15.6) in other matrices. The prevalence was higher in low-income economies (29.0%). Africa and Eastern Mediterranean were the regions with higher HAV prevalence values. This study showed a high heterogeneity (I2 > 75%) with a significant publication bias (p value Egger test < 0.001). The results of this review suggest that water matrices could be an important route of HAV transmission even in industrialized countries, despite the lower prevalence compared to less industrialized countries, and the availability of advanced water management systems. More effective water/wastewater treatment strategies are needed in developing countries to limit the environmental circulation of HAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Carolina Veneri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Mancini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy Bonanno Ferraro
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Iaconelli
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Orlandi
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Giudice
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Suffredini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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25
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Lo Castro I, Espul C, de Paula VS, Altabert NR, Gonzalez JE, Lago BV, Villar LM. High prevalence of hepatitis A and E viruses in environmental and clinical samples from West Argentina. Braz J Infect Dis 2023; 27:102738. [PMID: 36603828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental surveillance of water sources is important to monitoring viral hepatitis transmission in clinical settings. This study investigated the circulation of hepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) viruses in sewage and clinical samples from Argentina. Between 2016 and 2017, 80 raw sewage samples and 86 clinical samples (stool and serum) from suspected cases of hepatitis A and hepatitis E were obtained. HAV and HEV were tested by both real-time and nested PCR. Positive samples were sequenced for genotype determination and phylogenetic analysis. Overall, HAV was recovered in 39% of sewage samples and 61.1% of clinical samples. HEV was detected in 22.5% of sewage samples and 15.9% of clinical samples. HAV was found more frequently in sewage during the winter and in clinical samples in spring; HEV was more prevalent in sewage during summer and in clinical samples in autumn. All HAV isolates belonged to genotype IA and HEV isolates belonged to genotype 3, the most prevalent genotypes in South America. High prevalence of HAV and HEV in environmental and clinical samples in Mendoza, Argentina was observed. These findings reinforce the importance of environmental surveillance and implementation of health strategies to control the spread of HAV and HEV in developing countries.
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26
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Laue T, Ohlendorf J, Leiskau C, Baumann U. Hepatitis A Immunity and Paediatric Liver Transplantation-A Single-Centre Analysis. Children (Basel) 2022; 9:children9121953. [PMID: 36553396 PMCID: PMC9776770 DOI: 10.3390/children9121953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Following paediatric solid organ liver transplantation, risk of infection is high, both in the short and long term. Even though an infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) is often asymptomatic and self-limited in children, some case studies describe severe cases leading to death. Vaccinations offer simple, safe and cheap protection. However, data on vaccination rates against hepatitis A in children with liver disease are scarce. Moreover, the vaccine is only approved from the age of one year old. At the same time, up to 30% of children with liver disease are transplanted within the first year of life, so the window of opportunity for vaccination is limited. This retrospective, observational, single-centre study examines the HAV immunity in paediatric liver transplant recipients before and after the first year of transplantation. Vaccination records of 229 of 279 (82.1%) children transplanted between January 2003 and June 2021 were analysed. Of 139 eligible children aged ≥ 1 year old, only 58 (41.7%) were vaccinated at least with one HAV dose prior to transplantation. In addition, seven patients received the vaccine below one year of age. After one or two doses, 38.5% or 90.6% of 65 patients were anti-HAV-IgG positive, respectively. This percentage remained stable up to the first annual check-up. For children vaccinated only once, a shorter interval from vaccination to transplantation is a risk factor for lack of immunity. Thus, HAV immunisation should be started earlier in liver transplant candidates to improve immunity in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Laue
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatric Liver, Kidney and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Johanna Ohlendorf
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatric Liver, Kidney and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Leiskau
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatric Liver, Kidney and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatric Liver, Kidney and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Heineman K, Meyr AJ. Multiplanar, Multivariate Analyses of Hallux Valgus Radiographic Parameters. J Foot Ankle Surg 2022:S1067-2516(22)00326-X. [PMID: 36496338 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hallux valgus is a complex condition understood to involve pathomechanics in all 3 of the cardinal planes. Despite this, the bulk of its historical evaluation has been in the transverse plane, and one might argue that the traditional and more commonly performed univariate and bivariate analyses within the literature do not comprehensively describe the potential interrelationships between the planes during perioperative assessment. Therefore this investigation aimed to evaluate relationships between common radiographic parameters measured in the three cardinal planes by means of a multivariate regression analysis. Serial analyses utilizing the first intermetatarsal angle, hallux valgus angle, tibial sesamoid position, proximal articular set angle, Engel's angle, first metatarsal inclination angle, and the sesamoid rotation angle were performed with varying dependent and independent variables. The tibial sesamoid position (p < .001) and proximal articular set angle (p = .014) were found to be independently associated with the first intermetatarsal angle, while the hallux valgus angle (p = .712), Engel's angle (p = .646), first metatarsal inclination angle (p = .097), and sesamoid rotation angle (p = .099) were not. The tibial sesamoid position (p = .003), proximal articular set angle (p < .001), Engel's angle (p = .006), and sesamoid rotation angle (p = .003) were found to be independently associated with the hallux valgus angle, while the first intermetatarsal angle (p = .712) and first metatarsal inclination angle (p = .400) were not. The first intermetatarsal angle (p < .001), hallux valgus angle (p = .003), and proximal articular set angle (p = .015) were found to be independently associated with the tibial sesamoid position, while Engel's angle (p = .400), the first metatarsal inclination angle (p = .088), and the sesamoid rotation angle (p = .649) were not. These findings appear to question a direct relationship between the first intermetatarsal angle and hallux valgus angle, as well as potentially infer a relationship between the frontal plane with the hallux valgus angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Heineman
- Resident, Temple University Hospital Podiatric Surgical Residency Program, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Andrew J Meyr
- Professor, Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
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Nieto-Álvarez R, de la Hoz-Torres ML, Aguilar AJ, Martínez-Aires MD, Ruiz DP. Proposal of Combined Noise and Hand-Arm Vibration Index for Occupational Exposure: Application to a Study Case in the Olive Sector. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14345. [PMID: 36361218 PMCID: PMC9654875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In many production and industrial sectors, workers are exposed to noise and hand-arm vibrations (HAV). European directives have established the maximum limit values or exposure action values for noise and vibration independently. However, in many cases, workers who endure hand-arm vibration also receive high noise levels. This research suggests a procedure to aid the establishment of precautionary measures for workers with simultaneous exposure to both physical agents. This procedure defines a combined index based on the energy doses for both noise and HAV. From this combined index, the suggested methodology allows a recommended exposure time for workers with simultaneous noise and HAV exposure to be calculated. This methodology can be adapted to tackle the relative importance assigned to both agents according to the safety manager and new knowledge on combined health effects. To test this method, a measurement campaign under real working conditions was conducted with workers from the olive fruit-harvesting sector, where a variety of hand-held machinery is used. The results of the study case show that the suggested procedure can obtain reliable exposure time recommendations for simultaneous noise and HAV exposures and is therefore a useful tool for establishing prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Nieto-Álvarez
- Department of Architectural Graphic Expression and Engineering, University of Granada, Av. Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María L. de la Hoz-Torres
- Department of Building Construction, University of Granada, Av. Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Aguilar
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Av. Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Diego P. Ruiz
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Av. Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Sasaki-Tanaka R, Shibata T, Moriyama M, Okamoto H, Kogure H, Kanda T. Amantadine and Rimantadine Inhibit Hepatitis A Virus Replication through the Induction of Autophagy. J Virol 2022; 96:e0064622. [PMID: 36040176 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00646-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Furthermore, HAV causes acute liver failure or acute-on-chronic liver failure. However, no potent anti-HAV drugs are currently available in the clinical situations. There have been some reports that amantadine, a broad-spectrum antiviral, suppresses HAV replication in vitro. Therefore, we examined the effects of amantadine and rimantadine, derivates of adamantane, on HAV replication, and investigated the mechanisms of these drugs. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of amantadine and rimantadine on HAV HM175 genotype IB subgenomic replicon replication and HAV HA11-1299 genotype IIIA replication in cell culture infection systems. Amantadine and rimantadine significantly inhibited HAV replication at the post-entry stage in Huh7 cells. HAV infection inhibited autophagy by suppressing the autophagy marker light chain 3 and reducing number of lysosomes. Proteomic analysis on HAV-infected Huh7 cells treated by amantadine and rimantadine revealed the changes of the expression levels in 42 of 373 immune response-related proteins. Amantadine and rimantadine inhibited HAV replication, partially through the enhancement of autophagy. Taken together, our results suggest a novel mechanism by which HAV replicates along with the inhibition of autophagy and that amantadine and rimantadine inhibit HAV replication by enhancing autophagy. IMPORTANCE Amantadine, a nonspecific antiviral medication, also effectively inhibits HAV replication. Autophagy is an important cellular mechanism in several virus-host cell interactions. The results of this study provide evidence indicating that autophagy is involved in HAV replication and plays a role in the HAV life cycle. In addition, amantadine and its derivative rimantadine suppress HAV replication partly by enhancing autophagy at the post-entry phase of HAV infection in human hepatocytes. Amantadine may be useful for the control of acute HAV infection by inhibiting cellular autophagy pathways during HAV infection processes.
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Fouda A, Al-Otaibi WA, Saber T, AlMotwaa SM, Alshallash KS, Elhady M, Badr NF, Abdel-Rahman MA. Antimicrobial, Antiviral, and In-Vitro Cytotoxicity and Mosquitocidal Activities of Portulaca oleracea-Based Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030157. [PMID: 36135592 PMCID: PMC9504135 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea was used as a biocatalyst for the reduction of Na2SeO3 to form Se-NPs that appeared red in color and showed maximum surface plasmon resonance at a wavelength of 266 nm, indicating the successful Phyto-fabrication of Se-NPs. A FT-IR chart clarified the role of plant metabolites such as proteins, carbohydrates, and amino acids in capping and stabilizing Se-NPs. TEM, SAED, and XRD analyses indicated the formation of spherical, well-arranged, and crystalline Se-NPs with sizes in the range of 2-22 nm. SEM-EDX mapping showed the maximum peaks of Se at 1.4, 11.3, and 12.4 KeV, with weight and atomic percentages of 36.49 and 30.39%, respectively. A zeta potential of -43.8 mV also indicated the high stability of the synthesized Se-NPs. The Phyto-synthesized Se-NPs showed varied biological activities in a dose-dependent manner, including promising activity against pathogenic bacteria and Candida species with varied MIC values in the range of 12.5-50 µg·mL-1. Moreover, the Se-NPs showed antiviral activity toward HAV and Cox-B4, with percentages of 70.26 and 62.58%, respectively. Interestingly, Se-NPs showed a target orientation to cancer cell lines (HepG2) with low IC50 concentration at 70.79 ± 2.2 µg·mL-1 compared to normal cell lines (WI-38) with IC50 at165.5 ± 5.4 µg·mL-1. Moreover, the as-formed Se-NPs showed high activity against various instar larvae I, II, III, and IV of Culex pipiens, with the highest mortality percentages of 89 ± 3.1, 73 ± 1.2, 68 ± 1.4, and 59 ± 1.0%, respectively, at 50 mg L-1. Thus, P. oleracea-based Se-NPs would be strong potential antimicrobial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, and anti-insect agents in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (M.A.A.-R.); Tel.: +20-111-335-1244 (A.F.); +20-109-148-5138 (M.A.A.-R.)
| | - Waad A. Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taisir Saber
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar M. AlMotwaa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Alshallash
- College of Science and Humanities-Huraymila, Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elhady
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Fathi Badr
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science (Girls’ Brunch), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (M.A.A.-R.); Tel.: +20-111-335-1244 (A.F.); +20-109-148-5138 (M.A.A.-R.)
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El-Ghitany EM, Ashour A, Fekry MM, Elrewany E, Farghaly AG, Omran EA. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A, B and C Among a Sample of Refugees in Egypt: An Exploratory Survey. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2022; 12:430-440. [PMID: 36107333 PMCID: PMC9723078 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-022-00060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimating the prevalence of infectious diseases, including viral hepatitis, among refugees is important for evaluating their health needs and predicting the burden on the health system of the host country. This study aimed at estimating the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis among refugees in Egypt. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved a heterogeneous group of 501 refugees. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect IgG antibodies against hepatitis A virus (HAV), B virus (HBV) surface antigen (anti-HBsAg), C virus (HCV), and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). RESULTS Anti-HAV was the most prevalent marker (n = 482, 96.2%), followed by anti-HBs (n = 142, 28.3%) and HBsAg (n = 21, 4.2%), while only four refugees (0.8%) had positive anti-HCV IgG. Anti-HBs was higher in males (p < 0.05). Older refugees and non-working subjects had significantly higher seropositive rates of anti-HAV (p = 0.051 and p = 0.023, respectively), while students and those below 15 years of age had higher rates of anti-HBs (p < 0.05). Positive HBsAg results were associated with history of hepatitis (p < 0.001). Obese participants were more likely to be positive for HBsAg (p = 0.025) and anti-HBs (p < 0.05). Sudanese refugees had significantly higher rates of anti-HAV antibodies (p = 0.049), while Yemini refugees had significantly higher rates for HBsAg (p = 0.019) positivity. Residents of Dakahlia had significantly higher rates of anti-HAV (p = 0.008) and anti-HBs (p < 0.05). None of the studied risk factors was significantly associated with anti-HCV. CONCLUSION Refugees in Egypt have poor immunity against HBV with intermediate to high HBV and low HCV prevalence rates. Despite that 65% of refugees received the HAV vaccine, almost all had IgG anti-HAV, denoting previous infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Mohamed El-Ghitany
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue–El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ayat Ashour
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Family Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Fekry
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ehab Elrewany
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue–El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Azza Galal Farghaly
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue–El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Omran
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Kyuregyan KK, Lopatukhina MA, Asadi Mobarkhan FA, Kichatova VS, Potemkin IA, Isaeva OV, Karlsen AA, Malinnikova EY, Kaira AN, Kozhanova TV, Manuylov VA, Mazunina EP, Bykonia EN, Kleymenov DA, Ignateva ME, Trotsenko OE, Kuznetsova AV, Saryglar AA, Oorzhak ND, Romanenko VV, Mikhailov MI. Dynamic Changes in Hepatitis A Immunity in Regions with Different Vaccination Strategies and Different Vaccination Coverage. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10. [PMID: 36146501 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The data on hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence are critical for the implementation of a universal mass vaccination (UMV) strategy. The latter has not been implemented in Russia; however, regional child vaccination programs have been adopted in some parts of the country. The aim of this study is to assess changes in HAV immunity within the last decade in regions of Russia with different vaccination strategies and different vaccination coverage rates. In regions where UMV has not been implemented and HAV vaccination coverage rates do not exceed the national average, the 50% seroprevalence threshold has shifted in the Moscow region from people aged under 40 years in 2008 to people aged over 59 years in 2020, and from people aged under 30 years to people aged over 40 years in the Khabarovsk region. In two regions (Yakutia and Sverdlovsk), a two-dose-based UMV scheme has been in place since 2011 and 2003, respectively, and in Tuva single-dose child immunization was launched in 2012. These regional programs have resulted in a significant increase in HAV seroprevalence in children and adolescents. In Yakutia, 50% herd immunity had been achieved by 2020 in age groups under 20 years, compared to 20−30% seroprevalence rates in 2008. In the Sverdlovsk region, HAV immunity has increased to >65% over the decade in children aged over 10 years, adolescents and young adults, whereas it declined in older age groups. However, a three-fold drop in HAV immunity has occurred in children under 10 years of age, reflecting a significant decline in vaccination coverage. In Tuva, HAV immunity rates in children under 10 years old increased two-fold to exceed 50% by 2020. These data suggest that UMV should be implemented on a national level. Measures to control vaccination coverage and catch-up vaccination campaigns are recommended in order to maintain the effectiveness of existing HAV vaccination programs.
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Heineman K, Levi J, Meyr AJ. The Effect of Hallux Valgus Surgery on the Transverse Plane Hallux Proximal Phalanx Position. J Foot Ankle Surg 2022; 61:755-759. [PMID: 34933791 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the apparent movement of the hallux proximal phalanx in the transverse plane relative to the second metatarsal following hallux valgus surgery. Pre- and postoperative radiographs of a consecutive series of 45 feet undergoing hallux valgus surgery were analyzed. Significant improvements were observed in the first intermetatarsal angle (12.4 vs 7.5 degrees; p < .001), hallux valgus angle (24.3 vs 13.4 degrees; p < .001), tibial sesamoid position (4.6 vs 2.7; p < .001), and second metatarsal-hallux proximal phalanx angle (80.1 vs 84.6 degrees; p < .001). No difference was observed in the distance between the second metatarsal bisection and the medial aspect of the tibial sesamoid (31.7 vs 31.5 mm; p = .756) nor between the second metatarsal bisection and medial aspect of the hallux proximal phalanx base (34.6 vs 34.2 mm; p = .592). Significant differences were observed between the second metatarsal bisection and the central aspect of hallux proximal phalanx base (26.5 vs 23.9 mm; p < .001) and between the second metatarsal bisection and the lateral aspect of the hallux proximal phalanx base (19.3 vs 15.4 mm; p < .001). A statistically significant difference was observed in the change of distance between the second metatarsal bisection and the medial, central, and lateral aspects of the hallux proximal phalanx base (-0.4 vs -2.6 vs -3.9 mm; p = .002). These results indicate that the hallux proximal phalanx does not translocate in the transverse plane following hallux valgus surgery, but instead pivots about the medial aspect of the joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Heineman
- Resident, Temple University Hospital Podiatric Surgical Residency Program, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jennifer Levi
- Resident, Temple University Hospital Podiatric Surgical Residency Program, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrew J Meyr
- Professor, Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
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Abstract
This investigation aimed to better understand the complex relationship of common radiographic measurements performed during the perioperative evaluation of the hallux valgus deformity while accounting for interactions and potential interdependence. Several analyses utilizing the first intermetatarsal angle, hallux valgus angle, tibial sesamoid position, Engel's angle, subject age and subject gender were performed with varying independent and dependent variables. The hallux valgus angle (p < .001), tibial sesamoid position (p < .001), and Engel's angle (p < .001) were found to be independently associated with the first intermetatarsal angle. The first intermetatarsal angle (p < .001), tibial sesamoid position (p < .001), and Engel's angle (p < .001) were found to be independently associated with the hallux valgus angle. This suggests that there is significant interdependence of these variables during a preoperative radiographic examination. However, only the change in tibial sesamoid position (p < .001) was found to be independently associated with the change in the first intermetatarsal angle following surgical correction, while no studied variables were found to be independently associated with the change in hallux valgus angle following surgical correction. This suggests that correction of the intermetatarsal angle and tibial sesamoid position might not always reliably predict correction of the hallux valgus angle following surgical intervention. It might also suggest that additional procedures beyond metatarsal osteotomies are required to reliably correct the hallux valgus angle in some deformities. It is hoped that this investigation adds to the body of knowledge with respect to the perioperative radiographic evaluation of the hallux valgus deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Meyr
- Clinical Professor, Department of Podiatric Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
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35
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Sasaki-Tanaka R, Nagulapalli Venkata KC, Okamoto H, Moriyama M, Kanda T. Evaluation of Potential Anti-Hepatitis A Virus 3C Protease Inhibitors Using Molecular Docking. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6044. [PMID: 35682728 PMCID: PMC9181686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide and occasionally causes acute liver failure and can lead to death in the absence of liver transplantation. Although HAV vaccination is available, the prevalence of HAV vaccination is not adequate in some countries. Additionally, the improvements in public health reduced our immunity to HAV infection. These situations motivated us to develop potentially new anti-HAV therapeutic options. We carried out the in silico screening of anti-HAV compounds targeting the 3C protease enzyme using the Schrodinger Modeling software from the antiviral library of 25,000 compounds to evaluate anti-HAV 3C protease inhibitors. Additionally, in vitro studies were introduced to examine the inhibitory effects of HAV subgenomic replicon replication and HAV HA11-1299 genotype IIIA replication in hepatoma cell lines using luciferase assays and real-time RT-PCR. In silico studies enabled us to identify five lead candidates with optimal binding interactions in the active site of the target HAV 3C protease using the Schrodinger Glide program. In vitro studies substantiated our hypothesis from in silico findings. One of our lead compounds, Z10325150, showed 47% inhibitory effects on HAV genotype IB subgenomic replicon replication and 36% inhibitory effects on HAV genotype IIIA HA11-1299 replication in human hepatoma cell lines, with no cytotoxic effects at concentrations of 100 μg/mL. The effects of the combination therapy of Z10325150 and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, favipiravir on HAV genotype IB HM175 subgenomic replicon replication and HAV genotype IIIA HA11-1299 replication showed 64% and 48% inhibitory effects of HAV subgenomic replicon and HAV replication, respectively. We identified the HAV 3C protease inhibitor Z10325150 through in silico screening and confirmed the HAV replication inhibitory activity in human hepatocytes. Z10325150 may offer the potential for a useful HAV inhibitor in severe hepatitis A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Sasaki-Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Kalyan C. Nagulapalli Venkata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Saint Louis College of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63010, USA;
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan;
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.)
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Meyr AJ, Doyle MD, King CM, Kwaadu KY, Nasser EM, Ramdass R, Theodoulou MH, Zarick CS. The American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons® Clinical Consensus Statement: Hallux Valgus. J Foot Ankle Surg 2022; 61:369-383. [PMID: 34706857 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Meyr
- Clinical Professor, Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Matthew D Doyle
- Silicon Valley Reconstructive Foot and Ankle Fellowship - Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Mountain View, CA
| | - Christy M King
- Residency Director, Kaiser San Francisco Bay Area Foot & Ankle Residency Program and Attending Surgeon, Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Oakland, CA
| | - Kwasi Y Kwaadu
- Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Roland Ramdass
- Residency Training Committee, INOVA Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA
| | - Michael H Theodoulou
- Chief Division of Podiatric Surgery, Cambridge Health Alliance, and Instructor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Caitlin S Zarick
- Assistant Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
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37
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Chulanov V, Kostyusheva A, Brezgin S, Ponomareva N, Gegechkori V, Volchkova E, Pimenov N, Kostyushev D. CRISPR Screening: Molecular Tools for Studying Virus-Host Interactions. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112258. [PMID: 34835064 PMCID: PMC8618713 DOI: 10.3390/v13112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas is a powerful tool for studying the role of genes in viral infections. The invention of CRISPR screening technologies has made it possible to untangle complex interactions between the host and viral agents. Moreover, whole-genome and pathway-specific CRISPR screens have facilitated identification of novel drug candidates for treating viral infections. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the fields of CRISPR/Cas with a focus on the use of CRISPR screens for studying viral infections and identifying new candidate genes to aid development of antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Chulanov
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (A.K.); (S.B.); (N.P.); (N.P.)
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasiya Kostyusheva
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (A.K.); (S.B.); (N.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Sergey Brezgin
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (A.K.); (S.B.); (N.P.); (N.P.)
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Natalia Ponomareva
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (A.K.); (S.B.); (N.P.); (N.P.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Gegechkori
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena Volchkova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nikolay Pimenov
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (A.K.); (S.B.); (N.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (A.K.); (S.B.); (N.P.); (N.P.)
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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Bae KS, Lee S, Lee JY, Kim JH, Joo YL, Lee SH, Chung HM, You KA. Development of diagnostic systems for wide range and highly sensitive detection of two waterborne hepatitis viruses from groundwater using the conventional reverse transcription nested PCR assay. J Virol Methods 2021; 299:114344. [PMID: 34742743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne epidemics of human hepatitis virus A and E (HAV and HEV) have been reported worldwide. Molecular biology techniques, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), have been widely used to detect the two hepatitis viruses. However, comparative studies of various types of samples are needed, and different environmental factors, including the low copy pathogens, presence of PCR inhibitors in the sample, unknown non-specific reaction with template, and sequence diversity leading to new variants in viruses, should be considered. In addition, standard positive material is required to determine the accuracy of the PCR and should be able to distinguish between false and real positives. In this study, we developed RT-PCR primer sets and optimised standard templates for HAV and HEV detection to address the above concerns associated with test sensitivity and possible PCR inhibition. Finally, previously reported diagnostic methods of HAV and HEV were compared and an applicability test using groundwater was performed. The nested RT-PCR developed in this study is expected to contribute to assess water safety by monitoring HAV and HEV in non-disinfected water, like groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Seon Bae
- Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Siwon Lee
- R&D Team, LSLK, Co. Gimpo, 10111, South Korea
| | | | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Youn-Lee Joo
- Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyung Lee
- Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Hyen-Mi Chung
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Kyung-A You
- Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, South Korea.
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Schoch S, Wälti M, Schemmerer M, Alexander R, Keiner B, Kralicek C, Bycholski K, Hyatt K, Knowles J, Klochkov D, Simon T, Wenzel JJ, Roth NJ, Widmer E. Hepatitis A Virus Incidence Rates and Biomarker Dynamics for Plasma Donors, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:2718-2824. [PMID: 34670659 PMCID: PMC8544996 DOI: 10.3201/eid2711.204642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The United States is currently affected by widespread hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreaks. We investigated HAV incidence rates among source plasma donors in the United States since 2016. Serial donations from HAV-positive frequent donors were analyzed for common biologic markers to obtain a detailed picture of the course of infection. We found a considerable increase in incidence rates with shifting outbreak hotspots over time. Although individual biomarker profiles were highly variable, HAV RNA typically had a high peak and a biphasic decrease and often remained detectable for several months. One donor had a biomarker pattern indicative of previous exposure. Our findings show that current HAV outbreaks have been spilling over into the plasma donor population. The detailed results presented improve our comprehension of HAV infection and related public health aspects. In addition, the capture of full RNA curves enables estimation of HAV doubling time.
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Ishizaka A, Koga M, Mizutani T, Lim LA, Adachi E, Ikeuchi K, Ueda R, Aoyagi H, Tanaka S, Kiyono H, Matano T, Aizaki H, Yoshio S, Mita E, Muramatsu M, Kanto T, Tsutsumi T, Yotsuyanagi H. Prolonged Gut Dysbiosis and Fecal Excretion of Hepatitis A Virus in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102101. [PMID: 34696531 PMCID: PMC8539651 DOI: 10.3390/v13102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) causes transient acute infection, and little is known of viral shedding via the duodenum and into the intestinal environment, including the gut microbiome, from the period of infection until after the recovery of symptoms. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to comprehensively observe the amount of virus excreted into the intestinal tract, the changes in the intestinal microbiome, and the level of inflammation during the healing process. We used blood and stool specimens from patients with human immunodeficiency virus who were infected with HAV during the HAV outbreak in Japan in 2018. Moreover, we observed changes in fecal HAV RNA and quantified the plasma cytokine level and gut microbiome by 16S rRNA analysis from clinical onset to at least 6 months after healing. HAV was detected from clinical onset up to a period of more than 150 days. Immediately after infection, many pro-inflammatory cytokines were elicited, and some cytokines showed different behaviors. The intestinal microbiome changed significantly after infection (dysbiosis), and the dysbiosis continued for a long time after healing. These observations suggest that the immunocompromised state is associated with prolonged viral shedding into the intestinal tract and delayed recovery of the intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ishizaka
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (A.I.); (M.K.); (T.T.)
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
- Japan Foundation for AIDS Prevention, Tokyo 101-0064, Japan
| | - Michiko Koga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (A.I.); (M.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Taketoshi Mizutani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (A.I.); (M.K.); (T.T.)
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Lay Ahyoung Lim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (L.A.L.); (E.A.); (K.I.)
| | - Eisuke Adachi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (L.A.L.); (E.A.); (K.I.)
| | - Kazuhiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (L.A.L.); (E.A.); (K.I.)
| | - Ryuta Ueda
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (R.U.); (H.A.); (H.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Haruyo Aoyagi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (R.U.); (H.A.); (H.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka 540-0006, Japan; (S.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
- CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tetsuro Matano
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan;
- Department of AIDS Vaccine Development, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hideki Aizaki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (R.U.); (H.A.); (H.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Sachiyo Yoshio
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan; (S.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Eiji Mita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka 540-0006, Japan; (S.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (R.U.); (H.A.); (H.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Tatsuya Kanto
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan; (S.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (A.I.); (M.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (A.I.); (M.K.); (T.T.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (L.A.L.); (E.A.); (K.I.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (H.Y.)
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Kao C, Surjit M, Ranjith-Kumar CT. Editorial: Viral Hepatitis: Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Control. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:633580. [PMID: 34513722 PMCID: PMC8427190 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.633580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Kao
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Milan Surjit
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - C T Ranjith-Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
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Jama-Kmiecik A, Sarowska J, Wojnicz D, Choroszy-Król I, Frej-Mądrzak M. Natural Products and Their Potential Anti- HAV Activity. Pathogens 2021; 10:1095. [PMID: 34578128 PMCID: PMC8469781 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of purified natural products in the prevention and treatment of countless diseases of bacterial, fungal, and viral origin cannot be overestimated. New antiviral drugs have been obtained from natural sources and transformed into preparations for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, proanthocyanins, polysaccharides, organic acids, proteins, polypeptides, and essential oils derived from plants, animals, or microorganisms can control and combat foodborne viral infections, including hepatitis A. The components of essential oils are characterized by numerous therapeutic and antioxidant properties and exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial and antiviral activity. Due to these properties, they can be used to preserve meat, fruit, vegetables, and their products. Over the past two decades, much effort has been made to identify natural products, mostly of plant origin, to combat foodborne viruses. Natural plant extracts have several potential uses, not limited to increasing the safety of food products and improving their quality, but also as natural antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jama-Kmiecik
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.-K.); (J.S.); (I.C.-K.)
| | - Jolanta Sarowska
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.-K.); (J.S.); (I.C.-K.)
| | - Dorota Wojnicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 9, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Irena Choroszy-Król
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.-K.); (J.S.); (I.C.-K.)
| | - Magdalena Frej-Mądrzak
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.-K.); (J.S.); (I.C.-K.)
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McLaughlin SE, Simmons JD, Armstrong H, Gonzales E, Rakita RM, Duchin JS, Patel RC. Acute Hepatitis A Viral Infection in People With HIV With Previously Documented Hepatitis A Immunity or Appropriate Vaccination: A Case Series. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab347. [PMID: 34377728 PMCID: PMC8339277 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe 4 people with HIV (PWH) who acquired acute hepatitis A (HAV) infection during recent King County, Washington, outbreaks despite documented immunity and/or vaccination. HAV revaccination may be needed in PWH with risk factors for HAV infection regardless of preexisting immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E McLaughlin
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jason D Simmons
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hilary Armstrong
- Public Health - Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elysia Gonzales
- Public Health - Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert M Rakita
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Duchin
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Public Health - Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rena C Patel
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Kanda T, Sasaki-Tanaka R, Masuzaki R, Matsumoto N, Okamoto H, Moriyama M. Knockdown of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 3 Negatively Regulates Hepatitis A Virus Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7420. [PMID: 34299039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc chloride is known to be effective in combatting hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, and zinc ions seem to be especially involved in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. In the present study, we examined this involvement in human hepatoma cell lines using a human TLR signaling target RT-PCR array. We also observed that zinc chloride inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MAP2K3) expression, which could downregulate HAV replication in human hepatocytes. It is possible that zinc chloride may inhibit HAV replication in association with its inhibition of MAP2K3. In that regard, this study set out to determine whether MAP2K3 could be considered a modulating factor in the development of the HAV pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and its triggering of interferon-β production. Because MAP2K3 seems to play a role in antiviral immunity against HAV infection, it is a promising target for drug development. The inhibition of MAP2K3 may also prevent HAV patients from developing a severe hepatitis A infection.
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Kasera GO, Maingi JM, Onyango OK, Nyamache AK. Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of HAV and HBV Viruses among Jaundice Patients at Coast General Hospital, Mombasa County, Kenya. Malays J Med Sci 2021; 28:56-64. [PMID: 34285644 PMCID: PMC8260066 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis A and B causes morbidity and mortality among patients. This study determined the proportion of hepatitis A, B viruses (HAV, HBV) and genetic diversity of HBV among jaundice patients at the Coast General Hospital, Mombasa County, Kenya. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 222 patients; recruited and screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HAV IgM. Viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from positive samples; partial hepatitis B virus-pol (HBV-pol) gene amplified, directly sequenced and generated sequences phylogenetically analysed using MEGA X software. Demographic characteristics were compared in relation to HBV infection using Chi-square. Results Forty-seven (21.2%) out of the 222 patients tested positive for HBV while no HAV was detected. Among those infected, n = 8 (3.6%) were females and n = 39 (17.6%) males. Forty-five samples amplified and sequenced successfully. However, two samples failed to amplify. Phylogenetic analysis revealed HBV A1 genotype [n = 35 (74.5%)] was most predominant. A3, B and C2 genotypes each occurred [n = 1 (0.02%)]. This study revealed co-existence of HBV A3, B and C2 genotypes that have not yet been detected in this region. Conclusion HBV A1 genotype remains the predominant genotypes in this region. The detected HBV prevalence indicates possible high transmission with possibility of increasing trends of HBV genotypes based on revelation of existence of new genotypes in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Ochieng' Kasera
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John M Maingi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Omondi Kevin Onyango
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anthony Kebira Nyamache
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Lamm BM, Moore KR, Hentges M, Martin LR, Ernst JJ. Avascular Necrosis of the First Metatarsal: A Case of Second Metatarsal Bone Transport with External Fixation. J Foot Ankle Surg 2021; 60:595-599. [PMID: 33573905 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Avascular necrosis (AVN) after bunion surgery is an unfortunate complication which can be devastating and painful. We present a case report of gradual medializing transport of the second metatarsal with external fixation to repair a large bone defect caused by AVN affecting >50% of the first metatarsal. The procedure was performed on a 49-year-old female who suffered AVN after failed bunion surgery. At 12-month follow up, first ray position and length were maintained. With respect to the second ray, there were no clinically significant issues. The second digit was mildly elevated but there was no frank instability of the toe or of the Lisfranc complex. The patient was pain free and had returned to her desired daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Lamm
- Chief of Foot & Ankle Surgery, Director, Foot & Ankle Deformity Center, Director, Foot & Ankle Deformity Correction Fellowship, The Paley Institute at St. Mary's Medical Center and Palm Beach Children's Hospital, West Palm Beach, FL.
| | - Kyle R Moore
- Fellowship Trained Foot & Ankle Surgeon, Ankle and Foot Center of Tampa Bay, South Tampa, FL
| | - Matthew Hentges
- Fellowship Trained Foot & Ankle Surgeon, Faculty, Foot and Ankle Surgery Residency Program, Allegheny Health Network, West Penn Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lanster R Martin
- Fellowship Trained Foot & Ankle Surgeon, Baylor Scott and White Health System, College Station, TX
| | - Jordan J Ernst
- Deformity Correction Fellow, The Paley Institute at St. Mary's Medical Center and Palm Beach Children's Hospital, West Palm Beach, FL
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Kanda T, Sasaki R, Masuzaki R, Takahashi H, Fujisawa M, Matsumoto N, Okamoto H, Moriyama M. Additive Effects of Zinc Chloride on the Suppression of Hepatitis A Virus Replication by Interferon in Human Hepatoma Huh7 Cells. In Vivo 2021; 34:3301-3308. [PMID: 33144437 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is still one of the serious health problems worldwide, despite the existence of effective vaccines for HAV. Zinc compounds have antiviral activities against various DNA and RNA viruses. Therefore, we investigated the effects of zinc compounds on the antiviral activity of interferon against HAV. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of zinc compounds with or without interferon on HAV genotype IIIA HA11-1299 replication were examined in human hepatoma Huh7 cells. Cell viability was examined by the MTS assay. Inflammasome associated gene expression was examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Both zinc sulfate and zinc chloride had an inhibitory effect on HAV replication. Zinc sulfate tended to enhance while zinc chloride significantly enhanced the anti-HAV effect induced by interferon-alpha-2a. Zinc chloride significantly up-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 (MAPK12) and down-regulated 6 related genes [baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3 (BIRC3), interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 1 (PSTPIP1), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), PYD and CARD domain containing (PYCARD), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)]. CONCLUSION Zinc chloride inhibits HAV replication and has additive effects on the anti-HAV activities of interferon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reina Sasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Masuzaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Fujisawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Manshadi SAD, Alijani N, Salehi M, Dadras O, SeyedAlinaghi S, Ahangari A, Abdolahi A, Davoudi H, Alizade R. Hepatitis A Seroprevalence Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran During 2016-2017. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:748-751. [PMID: 31595854 DOI: 10.2174/1871526519666191009144848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of exposure to hepatitis A by means of serologic markers in chronic hepatitis B patients, with the secondary aim of finding the best prevention method for hepatitis A infection in susceptible groups of our setting. METHODS During the period between 2016 and 2017, we recruited 403 hepatitis B patients aged more than 14 years and regularly attending the infectious diseases clinic at a referral university hospital, Tehran, Iran. A blood sample was collected from all the patients and tested for hepatitis A IgG. The data was analyzed by SPSS v.19. RESULTS Although none of the patients had previously received hepatitis A vaccine, the results for serologic level of hepatitis A IgG, demonstrated positive results in 379 (94%) cases. The mean age of patients with negative and positive IgG was 29.17 and 42.46 years, respectively; the difference was statistically significant (P≤0.001). The majority of seronegative patients were young adults aged < 25 years and 25 to 35 years (P <0.001). CONCLUSION Seroprevalence of hepatitis A in chronic HBV patients in Iran is high. As HBV infected patients younger than 35 years could be seronagative for HAV infection, evaluation of these patients for HAV infection and vaccination of seronegative patients would be a reasonable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Dehghan Manshadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Alijani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Salehi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Dadras
- Department of Global Health and Socioepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ailar Ahangari
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdolahi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Davoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Imam-Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramazanali Alizade
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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49
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Nadarzynski T, Frost M, Miller D, Wheldon CW, Wiernik BM, Zou H, Richardson D, Marlow LAV, Smith H, Jones CJ, Llewellyn C. Vaccine acceptability, uptake and completion amongst men who have sex with men: A systematic review, meta-analysis and theoretical framework. Vaccine 2021; 39:3565-3581. [PMID: 34034949 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) have been recommended to receive vaccinations against human papillomavirus, meningitis C and hepatitis A/B. This review aimed to compare the rates of vaccine acceptability, uptake and completion, and to identify determinants of vaccine outcomes specific to MSM to inform a theoretical framework. METHODS In January 2020 four databases were explored to identify vaccination behaviours and associated factors among MSM. A narrative systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. Data were synthesised for theoretical modelling. RESULTS Seventy-eight studies, mostly from the USA, were included. The average vaccine acceptability was 63% (median = 72%, range: 30%-97%), vaccine uptake 45% (median = 42%, range: 5%-100%) and vaccine completion 47% (median = 45%, range: 12%-89%). Six categories of factors associated with vaccination acceptability, uptake and completion were conceptualised: Individual (e.g., demographic and psychosocial); Interpersonal (e.g., peer education); Healthcare provider (e.g., vaccine recommendation); Organisational and practice setting (e.g., routine collection of patient sexual orientation information that is integrated into a clinical decision support system); Community environment (e.g., targeted health promotion campaigns); and National, state and local policy environment (e.g., public health guidelines targeting MSM). CONCLUSION Despite overall high levels of acceptability, uptake and completion rates were below targets predicted by cost-effectiveness modelling across all recommended vaccines. These parameters may need to be adjusted for more precise estimations of cost-effectiveness. Addressing the multiple levels of determinants, as outlined in our theoretical framework, will help guide interventions to increase vaccine completion among MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miles Frost
- The University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Danny Miller
- The University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Huachun Zou
- Sun Yat-sen University, School of Public Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Daniel Richardson
- Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Laura A V Marlow
- Cancer Prevention Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Smith
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Carrie Llewellyn
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
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50
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Garcia Vilaplana T, Leeman D, Balogun K, Ngui SL, Phipps E, Khan WM, Balasegaram S. Hepatitis A outbreak associated with consumption of dates, England and Wales, January 2021 to April 2021. Euro Surveill 2021; 26:2100432. [PMID: 34018484 PMCID: PMC8138963 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.20.2100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a national hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreak linked to the consumption of Medjool dates. Twenty-nine cases of three genetically related sequences have been identified. Epidemiological investigations identified a suspected product (adjusted odds ratio: 47.36; 95% confidence interval: 1.79-1,256.07; p = 0.021). Microbiological testing has confirmed the presence of HAV on dates recovered from two cases and the product has been recalled. Date consumption is currently likely to be increased in connection with Ramadan, with potential ongoing contamination risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Garcia Vilaplana
- These authors contributed equally to this article and share first authorship,Immunisations and Countermeasures Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Leeman
- These authors contributed equally to this article and share first authorship,Field Epidemiology Training Programme, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Koye Balogun
- Immunisations and Countermeasures Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom,Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siew Lin Ngui
- Blood Borne Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Phipps
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wazirzada M Khan
- South London Health Protection Team, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Incident Team
- Public Health England and Food Standards Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sooria Balasegaram
- South East and London Field Service, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
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