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Menezes RDP, Ferreira ICDS, Lopes MSM, de Jesus TA, de Araújo LB, Santos Pedroso RD, Röder DVDDB. Epidemiological indicators and predictors of lethality associated with fungal infections in a NICU: a historical series. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100:267-276. [PMID: 38145630 PMCID: PMC11065669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fungal infections (FI) pose a public health concern and significantly increase mortality rates, especially within Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Thus, this study aimed to investigate epidemiological indicators, risk factors, and lethality predictors associated with FI in a NICU. METHODS This study included 1,510 neonates admitted to the NICU of a reference hospital in Brazil between 2015 and 2022. Demographic data, such as sex, birth weight, gestational age, and use of invasive devices were analyzed. RESULTS Thirty neonates developed invasive FI, totaling 33 episodes and an incidence of 1.2 per 1,000 patient days. Candida albicans was the most frequent species (52.9 %), the bloodstream was the most affected site (78.9 %), and 72.7 % of infections occurred between 2015 and 2018. The lethality rate associated with FI was 33.3 %, and 90 % of deaths occurred within 30 days of diagnosis of infection. Weight < 750 g, prolonged hospital stay, use of parenteral nutrition, and broad-spectrum antimicrobials were independent risk factors for infection occurrence, especially glycopeptides and 4th generation cephalosporins, having a considerable role in the increase in fungal infections. Weight < 750 g was considered a significant predictor of lethality, and C. albicans had the highest lethality rate (40 %). CONCLUSION These findings highlight the elevated lethality rate associated with these infections, reinforcing the importance of developing strategies to control FI within NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralciane de Paula Menezes
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Curso Técnico em Análises Clínicas, Escola Técnica de Saúde, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Mallu Santos Mendonça Lopes
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Curso de Biomedicina, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago Alves de Jesus
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Curso de Biomedicina, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Reginaldo Dos Santos Pedroso
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Curso Técnico em Análises Clínicas, Escola Técnica de Saúde, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Gourari-Bouzouina K, Boucherit-Otmani Z, Seghir A, Baba Ahmed-Kazi Tani ZZ, Bendoukha I, Benahmed A, Aissaoui M, Boucherit K. Evaluation of mixed biofilm production by Candida spp. and Staphylococcus aureus strains co-isolated from cystic fibrosis patients in northwest Algeria. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116321. [PMID: 38677054 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis patients' lungs are chronically colonized by multiple microbial species capable of forming biofilms. This study aimed to characterize the polymicrobial biofilm formed by Candida spp. and S. aureus, co-isolated from sputum samples of cystic fibrosis patients regarding microbial density, metabolic activity, and structure. 67 samples from 28 patients were collected with a 96% alteration rate. 34% showed alterations by both Candida spp. and Gram-positive bacteria, predominantly Candida spp. and S. aureus in 77% of cases, accounting for 6 associations. Biofilm biomass was quantified using the crystal violet assay, and metabolic activity was assessed using the MTT reduction assay. Scanning electron microscopy analyzed the C. tropicalis/S. aureus24 biofilm architecture. Candida spp. isolates demonstrated the ability to form mixed biofilms with S. aureus. The C. tropicalis/S. aureus24 association exhibited the highest production of biofilm and metabolic activity, along with the C. albicans17/C. rugosa/S. aureus7 in both single and mixed biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Gourari-Bouzouina
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LAPSAB), Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
| | - Zahia Boucherit-Otmani
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LAPSAB), Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Abdelfettah Seghir
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LAPSAB), Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Zahira Zakia Baba Ahmed-Kazi Tani
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LAPSAB), Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Imene Bendoukha
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LAPSAB), Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Abdeselem Benahmed
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LAPSAB), Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Aissaoui
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LAPSAB), Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Tamanghasset, Tamanghasset 11000, Algeria
| | - Kebir Boucherit
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LAPSAB), Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
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Retore YI, Lucini F, Rial RC, Cardoso CAL, Souza PFN, Simionatto S, Rossato L. Antifungal activity of Caryocar brasiliense camb. Alone or along with antifungal agents against multidrug-resistant Candida auris. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 330:118240. [PMID: 38677574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Candida auris poses a severe global health threat, with many strains resistant to antifungal treatments, complicating therapy. Exploring natural compounds alongside conventional drugs offers promising therapeutic avenues. The antifungal potential of the ethanolic extract from Caryocar brasiliense (Cb-EE), a plant native to the Brazilian cerrado and renowned for its medicinal properties, was investigated against C. auris. AIM OF THE STUDY The study examined the chemical composition, antifungal activity, mechanisms of action, and in vivo effects of Cb-EE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves of C. brasiliense were processed to extract ethanolic extract, which was evaluated for phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. The antifungal capacity was determined through broth microdilution and checkerboard methods, assessing interaction with conventional antifungals. RESULTS Cb-EE demonstrated fungistatic activity against various Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans. Synergy with fluconazole and additive effects with other drugs were observed. Cb-EE inhibited C. auris growth, with the combination of fluconazole extending inhibition. Mechanistic studies revealed interference with fungal membranes, confirmed by sorbitol protection assays, cellular permeability tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hemocompatibility and in vivo toxicity tests on Tenebrio molitor showed safety. CONCLUSION Cb-EE, alone or in combination with fluconazole, effectively treated C. auris infections in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its prospective role as an antifungal agent against this emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmim Isabel Retore
- Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Lucini
- Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Cardoso Rial
- Federal Institut of Mato Grosso Do Sul - IFMS, Nova Andradina, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Center of Studies in Natural Resources, State University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Simionatto
- Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luana Rossato
- Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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4
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Cerqueira F, Medeiros R, Lopes I, Campos C, Ferraz MP, Silva F, Alves LG, Pinto E. A Cyclam Salt as an Antifungal Agent: Interference with Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans Mechanisms of Virulence. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:222. [PMID: 38534657 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of fungal infections, particularly those caused by yeasts, is increasing among the medical community. Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans are amongst the high-priority fungal species identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) and are considered in the critical group, while Candida krusei is included in the medium-priority group. The cyclam salt H4[H2(4-CF3PhCH2)2Cyclam]Cl4 proved to be active against the growth of these three yeasts, and the aim of this work was to verify its interference with their virulence mechanisms, whether shared or unique. H4[H2(4-CF3PhCH2)2Cyclam]Cl4 significantly inhibited biofilm production and catalase activity, being able to interfere with C. albicans dimorphic transition and C. neoformans melanin production. At the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, H4[H2(4-CF3PhCH2)2Cyclam]Cl4 had no antioxidant effect, as determined by the DPPH method. When using the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line, H4[H2(4-CF3PhCH2)2Cyclam]Cl4 reduced nitric oxide (NO) detection (the Griess reaction), but this effect was associated with a significant toxic effect on the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Cerqueira
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, GIT-LoSa, University Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, GIT-LoSa, University Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Lopes
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Campos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Pia Ferraz
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering (FEUP), University of Porto (UP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto (UP), 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto (UP), 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís G Alves
- Centro de Química Estrutural-Institute of Molecular Sciences, Associação do Instituto Superior Técnico para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento, Av. António José de Almeida nº12, 1000-043 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (UP), Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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5
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Storz L, Schmid B, Bosshard PP, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Brüggen MC, Lang C. Decreased skin colonization with Malassezia spp. and increased skin colonization with Candida spp. in patients with severe atopic dermatitis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1353784. [PMID: 38444416 PMCID: PMC10912638 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1353784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease in which patients are sensitized towards a plethora of allergens. The hosts fungal microbiota, the mycobiota, that is believed to be altered in patients suffering from AD acts as such an allergen. The correlation context of specific sensitization, changes in mycobiota and its impact on disease severity however remains poorly understood. Objectives We aim to enhance the understanding of the specific sensitization towards the mycobiota in AD patients in relation to their fungal skin colonization. Methods Sensitization pattern towards the Malassezia spp. and Candida albicans of 16 AD patients and 14 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed with the newly developed multiplex-assay ALEX2® and the established singleplex-assay ImmunoCAP®. We compared these findings with the fungal skin colonization analyzed by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1). Results Sensitization in general and towards Malassezia spp. and C. albicans is increased in AD patients compared to HC with a quantitative difference in severe AD when compared to mild to moderate AD. Further we saw an association between sensitization towards and skin colonization with Candida spp. yet a negative correlation between sensitization towards and skin colonization with Malassezia spp. Conclusion We conclude that AD in general and severe AD in particular is associated with increased sensitization towards the hosts own mycobiota. There is positive correlation in Candida spp. skin colonization and negative in Malassezia spp. skin colonization when compared to AD, AD severity as well as to specific sensitization patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Storz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Schmid
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Peter Bosshard
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medical Campus Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medical Campus Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lang
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Marzucco A, Gatti G, Montanari MS, Fantini M, Colosimo C, Tamburini MV, Arfilli V, Morotti M, Schiavone P, Congestrì F, Manera M, Denicolò A, Brandolini M, Taddei F, Grumiro L, Zannoli S, Dirani G, De Pascali AM, Sambri V, Cricca M. Evaluation of Biofilm Production and Antifungal Susceptibility to Fluconazole in Clinical Isolates of Candida spp. in Both Planktonic and Biofilm Form. Microorganisms 2024; 12:153. [PMID: 38257980 PMCID: PMC10820201 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. are an important opportunistic pathogen that can represent a possible cause of severe infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The clinical impact of Candida spp. depends, in part, on the ability to form biofilms, communities of nestled cells into the extracellular matrix. In this study, we compared the biofilm formation ability of 83 strains of Candida spp. isolated from blood cultures and other materials, such as respiratory samples, urine, and exudate, and their sensitivity to fluconazole (FLZ). Strains were divided into tertiles to establish cut-offs to classify isolates as low, moderate, or high biofilm producers (<0.26, 0.266-0.839, >0.839) and biofilms with low, moderate, or high metabolic activity (<0.053, 0.053-0.183, >0.183). A non-linear relationship between biofilm production and metabolic activity was found in C. glabrata and C. tropicalis. In addition, the increase in minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBEC50) compared to the Minor Inhibitory Concentration (PMIC) of the planktonic form in Candida spp. confirms the role of biofilm in the induction of resistance to FLZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marzucco
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (M.V.T.); (V.A.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (L.G.); (S.Z.); (G.D.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences—DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.C.); (M.B.); (A.M.D.P.)
| | - Giulia Gatti
- DIN—Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maria Sofia Montanari
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (M.V.T.); (V.A.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (L.G.); (S.Z.); (G.D.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Michela Fantini
- Health Services Research, Evaluation and Policy Unit, AUSL Romagna, 42123 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Claudia Colosimo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences—DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.C.); (M.B.); (A.M.D.P.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Tamburini
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (M.V.T.); (V.A.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (L.G.); (S.Z.); (G.D.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Valentina Arfilli
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (M.V.T.); (V.A.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (L.G.); (S.Z.); (G.D.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Manuela Morotti
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (M.V.T.); (V.A.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (L.G.); (S.Z.); (G.D.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Pasqualina Schiavone
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (M.V.T.); (V.A.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (L.G.); (S.Z.); (G.D.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco Congestrì
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (M.V.T.); (V.A.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (L.G.); (S.Z.); (G.D.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Martina Manera
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (M.V.T.); (V.A.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (L.G.); (S.Z.); (G.D.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Agnese Denicolò
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (M.V.T.); (V.A.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (L.G.); (S.Z.); (G.D.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Martina Brandolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences—DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.C.); (M.B.); (A.M.D.P.)
| | - Francesca Taddei
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (M.V.T.); (V.A.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (L.G.); (S.Z.); (G.D.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Laura Grumiro
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (M.V.T.); (V.A.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (L.G.); (S.Z.); (G.D.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Silvia Zannoli
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (M.V.T.); (V.A.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (L.G.); (S.Z.); (G.D.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Giorgio Dirani
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (M.V.T.); (V.A.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (L.G.); (S.Z.); (G.D.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessandra Mistral De Pascali
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences—DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.C.); (M.B.); (A.M.D.P.)
| | - Vittorio Sambri
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (M.V.T.); (V.A.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (L.G.); (S.Z.); (G.D.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences—DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.C.); (M.B.); (A.M.D.P.)
| | - Monica Cricca
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (M.V.T.); (V.A.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (L.G.); (S.Z.); (G.D.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences—DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.C.); (M.B.); (A.M.D.P.)
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7
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Malec K, Mikołajczyk A, Marciniak D, Gawin-Mikołajewicz A, Matera-Witkiewicz A, Karolewicz B, Nawrot U, Khimyak YZ, Nartowski KP. Pluronic F-127 Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Fluconazole against Resistant Candida Strains. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:215-231. [PMID: 38109184 PMCID: PMC10795414 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Candida strains as the most frequent causes of infections, along with their increased drug resistance, pose significant clinical and financial challenges to the healthcare system. Some polymeric excipients were reported to interfere with the multidrug resistance mechanism. Bearing in mind that there are a limited number of marketed products with fluconazole (FLU) for the topical route of administration, Pluronic F-127 (PLX)/FLU formulations were investigated in this work. The aims of this study were to investigate (i) whether PLX-based formulations can increase the susceptibility of resistant Candida strains to FLU, (ii) whether there is a correlation between block polymer concentration and the antifungal efficacy of the FLU-loaded PLX formulations, and (iii) what the potential mode of action of PLX assisting FLU is. The yeast growth inhibition upon incubation with PLX formulations loaded with FLU was statistically significant. The highest efficacy of the azole agent was observed in the presence of 5.0 and 10.0% w/v of PLX. The upregulation of the CDR1/CDR2 genes was detected in the investigated Candida strains, indicating that the efflux of the drug from the fungal cell was the main mechanism of the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Malec
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556
Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Mikołajczyk
- Screening Biological Activity Assays and Collection of
Biological Material Laboratory, Wroclaw Medical University,
211a Borowska Str, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Marciniak
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556
Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gawin-Mikołajewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556
Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz
- Screening Biological Activity Assays and Collection of
Biological Material Laboratory, Wroclaw Medical University,
211a Borowska Str, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556
Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Nawrot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and
Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str,
50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Yaroslav Z. Khimyak
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556
Wroclaw, Poland
- School of Pharmacy, University of East
Anglia, Chancellors Drive, NR4 7TJ Norwich, U.K.
| | - Karol P. Nartowski
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556
Wroclaw, Poland
- School of Pharmacy, University of East
Anglia, Chancellors Drive, NR4 7TJ Norwich, U.K.
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8
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Salmanton-García J, Reinhold I, Prattes J, Bekaan N, Koehler P, Cornely OA. Questioning the 14-day dogma in candidemia treatment duration. Mycoses 2024; 67:e13672. [PMID: 37897148 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern. With AMR directly causing 1.27 million deaths in 2019 and projections of up to 10 million annual deaths by 2050, optimising infectious disease treatments is imperative. Prudent antimicrobial use, including treatment duration, can mitigate AMR emergence. This is particularly critical in candidemia, a severe condition with a 45% crude mortality rate, as the 14-day minimum treatment period has not been challenged in randomised comparison. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in August 2023, revealing seven original articles and two case series discussing treatment durations of less than 14 days for candidemia. No interventional trials or prospective observational studies assessing shorter durations were found. Historical studies showed varying candidemia treatment durations, questioning the current 14-day minimum recommendation. Recent research observed no significant survival differences between patients receiving shorter or longer treatment, emphasising the need for evidence-based guidance. Treatment duration reduction post-blood culture clearance could decrease exposure to antifungal drugs, limiting selection pressure, especially in the context of emerging multiresistant Candida species. Candidemia's complexity, emerging resistance and potential for shorter in-hospital stays underscore the urgency of refining treatment strategies. Evidence-driven candidemia treatment durations are imperative to balance efficacy with resistance prevention and ensure the longevity of antifungal therapies. Further research and clinical trials are needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for candidemia treatment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Salmanton-García
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Institute of Translational Research, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ilana Reinhold
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juergen Prattes
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nico Bekaan
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Institute of Translational Research, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Koehler
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Institute of Translational Research, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver A Cornely
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Institute of Translational Research, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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9
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Aonofriesei F. Increased Absorption and Inhibitory Activity against Candida spp. of Imidazole Derivatives in Synergistic Association with a Surface Active Agent. Microorganisms 2023; 12:51. [PMID: 38257878 PMCID: PMC10819671 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper's purpose was to evaluate the interaction between three imidazole derivatives, (2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanol (SAM3), 1,1'-methanediylbis(1H-benzimidazole (AM5) and (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methanol 1-hydroxymethylbenzimidazole (SAM5) on the one hand, and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) on the other, as antifungal combinations against Candida spp. Inhibitory activity was assessed using the agar diffusion method and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and showed moderate inhibitory activity of single imidazole derivatives against Candida spp. The mean value of MIC ranged from 200 µg/mL (SAM3) to 312.5 µg/mL (SAM3), while for SDS the MIC was around 1000 µg/mL. When used in combination with SDS, the imidazole derivatives demonstrated an improvement in their antifungal activity. Their MIC decreased over five times for AM5 and over seven times for SAM3 and SAM5, respectively, and ranged from 26.56 µg/mL (SAM3) to 53.90 µg/mL (AM5). Most combinations displayed an additive effect while a clear synergistic effect was recorded in only a few cases. Thus, the FIC Index (FICI) with values between 0.311 and 0.375 showed a synergistic effect against Candida spp. when SDS was associated with SAM3 (three strains), SAM5 (two strains) and AM5 (one strain). The association of imidazole derivatives with SDS led to the increased release of cellular material as well as the intracellular influx of crystal violet (CV), which indicated an alteration of the membrane permeability of Candida spp. cells. This favored the synergistic effect via increasing the intracellular influx of imidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Aonofriesei
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, "Ovidius" University of Constanța, 1 University Street, 900470 Constanța, Romania
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10
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Le Bars P, Kouadio AA, Amouriq Y, Bodic F, Blery P, Bandiaky ON. Different Polymers for the Base of Removable Dentures? Part II: A Narrative Review of the Dynamics of Microbial Plaque Formation on Dentures. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:40. [PMID: 38201705 PMCID: PMC10780608 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the current disparities and gaps in research on the characteristics of the oral ecosystem of denture wearers, making a unique contribution to the literature on this topic. We aimed to synthesize the literature on the state of current knowledge concerning the biological behavior of the different polymers used in prosthetics. Whichever polymer is used in the composition of the prosthetic base (poly methyl methacrylate acrylic (PMMA), polyamide (PA), or polyether ether ketone (PEEK)), the simple presence of a removable prosthesis in the oral cavity can disturb the balance of the oral microbiota. This phenomenon is aggravated by poor oral hygiene, resulting in an increased microbial load coupled with the reduced salivation that is associated with older patients. In 15-70% of patients, this imbalance leads to the appearance of inflammation under the prosthesis (denture stomatitis, DS). DS is dependent on the equilibrium-as well as on the reciprocal, fragile, and constantly dynamic conditions-between the host and the microbiome in the oral cavity. Several local and general parameters contribute to this balance. Locally, the formation of microbial plaque on dentures (DMP) depends on the phenomena of adhesion, aggregation, and accumulation of microorganisms. To limit DMP, apart from oral and lifestyle hygiene, the prosthesis must be polished and regularly immersed in a disinfectant bath. It can also be covered with an insulating coating. In the long term, relining and maintenance of the prosthesis must also be established to control microbial proliferation. On the other hand, several general conditions specific to the host (aging; heredity; allergies; diseases such as diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular, respiratory, or digestive diseases; and immunodeficiencies) can make the management of DS difficult. Thus, the second part of this review addresses the complexity of the management of DMP depending on the polymer used. The methodology followed in this review comprised the formulation of a search strategy, definition of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and selection of studies for analysis. The PubMed database was searched independently for pertinent studies. A total of 213 titles were retrieved from the electronic databases, and after applying the exclusion criteria, we selected 84 articles on the possible microbial interactions between the prosthesis and the oral environment, with a particular emphasis on Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Le Bars
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Nantes University, Oniris, University of Angers, CHU Nantes (Clinical Investigation Unit Odontology), INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Alain Ayepa Kouadio
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, CHU, Abidjan P.O. Box 612, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Yves Amouriq
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Nantes University, Oniris, University of Angers, CHU Nantes (Clinical Investigation Unit Odontology), INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - François Bodic
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Nantes University, Oniris, University of Angers, CHU Nantes (Clinical Investigation Unit Odontology), INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Pauline Blery
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Nantes University, Oniris, University of Angers, CHU Nantes (Clinical Investigation Unit Odontology), INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Octave Nadile Bandiaky
- Nantes University, Oniris, University of Angers, CHU Nantes (Clinical Investigation Unit Odontology), INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France;
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11
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Ajetunmobi OH, Badali H, Romo JA, Ramage G, Lopez-Ribot JL. Antifungal therapy of Candida biofilms: Past, present and future. Biofilm 2023; 5:100126. [PMID: 37193227 PMCID: PMC10182175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtually all Candida species linked to clinical candidiasis are capable of forming highly resistant biofilms on different types of surfaces, which poses an additional significant threat and further complicates therapy of these infections. There is a scarcity of antifungal agents, and their effectiveness, particularly against biofilms, is limited. Here we provide a historical perspective on antifungal agents and therapy of Candida biofilms. As we reflect upon the past, consider the present, and look towards the future of antifungal therapy of Candida biofilms, we believe that there are reasons to remain optimistic, and that the major challenges of Candida biofilm therapy can be conquered within a reasonable timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabayo H. Ajetunmobi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jesus A. Romo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jose L. Lopez-Ribot
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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12
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Zou H, Zou W, Li Q, Chen Z, Shi Y, Li C. Changes of gut mycobiota in the third trimester of pregnant women with preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2228964. [PMID: 37408107 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2228964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies recently acknowledged that the fungal community in the gut plays an important role in many inflammatory diseases of noninfectious origin. but the role of gut fungi in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) remains unknown. METHODS We performed a case-case-control study to compare the gut mycobiota of PE, pregnancy with chronic hypertension (PCH), and the normal group (Normal pregnancy group without any underlying disease) by internal transcribed spacer sequencing. In addition, LC/MS was used to explore the relationship between the fecal metabolites and gut mycobiota. RESULTS Compared with the PCH and the normal group, α diversity (represented the species abundance in a single sample) of mycobiota were lower in the PE group, but there was no statistically significant difference among these three groups. However, Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis found 3 differentially abundant fungal taxa in PE group when compared with the normal group. The gut metabolites of PE patients were significantly different from PCH and the normal group. Choline metabolism molecule glycerophosphocholine was the most discriminant metabolite between PE and the normal group. Correlation analysis found that Candida spp.was positively correlated with glycerophosphocholine which increased in PE. CONCLUSION We found that gut mycobiota changed in the third trimester of pregnant women with preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanju Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunli Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Wei XC, Zhao MF, Xiao X. Assessment of micafungin dosage regimens against Candida spp. in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis using Monte Carlo simulation. J Chemother 2023; 35:721-729. [PMID: 37190751 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2212986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of various micafungin dosing regimens against Candida spp. in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Monte Carlo simulations were conducted using pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and pharmacodynamic (PD) data to determine the probabilities of target attainment and cumulative fractions of response in terms of area under the concentration curve/minimum inhibition concentration targets of micafungin. Current standard clinical micafungin dosing regimens of 1 and 2 mg/kg/day were appropriate for the prevention and treatment of Candida glabrata infection in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT, respectively. Moreover, the high-dose prophylactic dosage (2 mg/kg/day) and therapeutic dosage (4 mg/kg/day) should be the preferred option to optimize efficacy against Candida albicans. However, none of the simulated regimens was effective against Candida parapsilosis in pediatric HSCT patients. These PK/PD-based simulations rationalize and optimize the micafungin dosing regimens against Candida spp. in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ming-Feng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
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14
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Habighorst K, Sanders JM, Hennessy SA, Goff K, Wan B, Johns M. Identification of Risk Factors for Intra-Abdominal Candidiasis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2023; 24:910-915. [PMID: 38011638 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Identifying high-risk populations may facilitate early and selective directed therapy in appropriate patients and avoid unwarranted treatment and any associated adverse effects in those who are low risk. Patients and Methods: This retrospective, case-control study included patients >18 years of age admitted from July 1, 2010 to July 1, 2021 who had a microbiologically confirmed intra-abdominal infection (gastrointestinal culture positive for either a Candida spp. [cases] or bacterial isolate [controls] collected intra-operatively or from a drain placed within 24 hours). Patients receiving peritoneal dialysis treatment or with a peritoneal dialysis catheter in place or treated at an outside hospital were excluded. Multivariable regression was utilized to identify independent risk factors for the development of IAC. Results: Five hundred twenty-three patients were screened, and 250 met inclusion criteria (125 per cohort). Multivariable analysis identified exposure to corticosteroids (odds ratio [OR], 5.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.52-13.32; p < 0.0001), upper gastrointestinal tract surgery (OR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.25-9.87; p = 0.017), and mechanical ventilation (OR, 3.09; 95% CI 1.5-6.37; p = 0.002) were independently associated with IAC. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) and goodness of fit were 0.7813 and p = 0.5024, respectively. Conclusions: Exposure to corticosteroids, upper gastrointestinal tract surgery, and mechanical ventilation are independent risk factors for the development of microbiologically confirmed IAC suggesting these factors may help identify high-risk individuals requiring antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Habighorst
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - James M Sanders
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sara A Hennessy
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kristina Goff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Bingchun Wan
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Meagan Johns
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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15
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Micelly-Moreno J, Barreto-Santamaría A, Arévalo-Pinzón G, Firacative C, Gómez BL, Escandón P, Patarroyo MA, Muñoz JE. Therapeutic Use of the Antimicrobial Peptide PNR20 to Resolve Disseminated Candidiasis in a Murine Model. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1149. [PMID: 38132750 PMCID: PMC10744665 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) caused by Candida species are an emerging threat globally, given that patients at-risk and antifungal resistance are increasing. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown good therapeutic capacity against different multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. This study evaluated the activity of the synthetic peptide, PNR20, against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and a MDR Colombian clinical isolate of Candida auris. Perturbation of yeast cell surface was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Cell viability of Vero cells was determined to assess peptide toxicity. Additionally, survival, fungal burden, and histopathology of BALB/c mice infected intravenously with each Candida species and treated with PNR20 were analyzed. Morphological alterations were identified in both species, demonstrating the antifungal effect of PNR20. In vitro, Vero cells' viability was not affected by PNR20. All mice infected with either C. albicans or C. auris and treated with PNR20 survived and had a significant reduction in the fungal burden in the kidney compared to the control group. The histopathological analysis in mice infected and treated with PNR20 showed more preserved tissues, without the presence of yeast, compared to the control groups. This work shows that the utilization of PNR20 is a promising therapeutic alternative against disseminated candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeisson Micelly-Moreno
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Bogota 110311, Colombia;
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia; (C.F.); (B.L.G.)
| | - Adriana Barreto-Santamaría
- Receptor-Ligand Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogota 111321, Colombia;
| | - Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 #40–62, Bogota 110231, Colombia;
| | - Carolina Firacative
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia; (C.F.); (B.L.G.)
| | - Beatriz L. Gómez
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia; (C.F.); (B.L.G.)
| | - Patricia Escandón
- Microbiology Group, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota 111321, Colombia;
| | - Manuel A. Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogota 111321, Colombia;
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 111321, Colombia
| | - Julián E. Muñoz
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia; (C.F.); (B.L.G.)
- Public Health Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia
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16
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Martins F, Morgado DL, Sarmento B, de Camargo ER, das Neves J. Chitosan-based sponges containing clotrimazole for the topical management of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123508. [PMID: 37832705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) persists as a worrying women's healthcare issue, often relying on suboptimal therapeutics. Novel intravaginal dosage forms focusing on improving patient acceptability and featuring improved biopharmaceutical properties could be interesting alternatives to available antifungal products. Different formulations of sponges based on chitosan (Ch), with or without crosslinking and co-formulated with poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL), were produced for the topical administration of clotrimazole (CTZ) and further tested for physicochemical properties, drug release, cytotoxicity and antifungal activity. Results showed that high amounts of CTZ (roughly 30-50 %) could be incorporated into sponges obtained by using a simple freeze-drying methodology. Cross-linking of Ch with ammonia affected the morphology and mechanical features of sponges and shifted the release profile from sustained (around 20 % and 60 % drug released after 4 h and 24 h, respectively) to fast-releasing (over 90 % at 4 h). The combination of PNVCL with non-crosslinked Ch also allowed tuning drug release, namely by increasing the initial amount of CTZ released in simulated vaginal fluid (roughly 40 % after 4 h), as compared to sponges featuring only non-crosslinked Ch. All formulations displayed low toxicity to cell lines derived from the female genital tract, with viability values kept above 70 % after 24 h incubation with sponge extracts. These also allowed maintaining the rapid onset of the antifungal effects of CTZ at minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 16 μg/mL for a panel of six different Candida spp. strains. Overall, proposed sponge formulations appear to be promising alternatives for the safe and effective management of VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiama Martins
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luis km 235, CP 676, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniella L Morgado
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luis km 235, CP 676, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IUCS - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Emerson R de Camargo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luis km 235, CP 676, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - José das Neves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IUCS - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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17
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Ajetunmobi OH, Chaturvedi AK, Badali H, Vaccaro A, Najvar L, Wormley FL, Wiederhold NP, Patterson TF, Lopez-Ribot JL. Screening the medicine for malaria venture's Pandemic Response Box to identify novel inhibitors of Candida albicans and Candida auris biofilm formation. APMIS 2023; 131:613-625. [PMID: 37337909 PMCID: PMC10592529 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Candida spp. are opportunistic yeasts capable of forming biofilms, which contribute to resistance, increasing the urgency for new effective antifungal therapies. Repurposing existing drugs could significantly accelerate the development of novel therapies against candidiasis. We screened the Pandemic Response Box containing 400 diverse drug-like molecules active against bacteria, viruses or fungi, for inhibitors of Candida albicans and Candida auris biofilm formation. Initial hits were identified based on the demonstration of >70% inhibitory activity. Dose-response assays were used to confirm the antifungal activity of initial hits and establish their potency. The spectrum of antifungal activity of the leading compounds was determined against a panel of medically important fungi, and the in vivo activity of the leading repositionable agent was evaluated in murine models of C. albicans and C. auris systemic candidiasis. The primary screening identified 20 hit compounds, and their antifungal activity and potency against C. albicans and C. auris were validated using dose-response measurements. From these experiments, the rapalog everolimus, emerged as the leading repositionable candidate. Everolimus displayed potent antifungal activity against different Candida spp., but more moderate levels of activity against filamentous fungi. Treatment with everolimus increased survival of mice infected with C. albicans, but not those with C. auris. The screening of the Pandemic Response Box resulted in the identification of several drugs with novel antifungal activity, with everolimus emerging as the main repositionable candidate. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to confirm its potential therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabayo H. Ajetunmobi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ashok K. Chaturvedi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Alessandra Vaccaro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Najvar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Floyd L. Wormley
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Nathan P. Wiederhold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas F. Patterson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jose L. Lopez-Ribot
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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18
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Rodrigues DS, Cabral VP, Barbosa AD, Valente Sá LG, Silva CR, Moreira LE, Neto JB, Silva J, Santos HS, Marinho ES, Cavalcanti BC, Moraes MO, Nobre Júnior HV. Sertraline has fungicidal activity against Candida spp. and acts by inhibiting membrane and cell wall biosynthesis. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:1025-1039. [PMID: 37540066 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Our study evaluated the activity of sertraline (SER) alone and associated with antifungal drugs in planktonic Candida spp. strains, and investigated its mechanism of action. Materials & methods: Broth microdilution method and minimum fungicidal concentration/MIC ratio were used to assess SER anticandidal activity, and the interaction with antifungals was determined by fractional inhibitory concentration index. The mechanism of action was investigated by flow cytometry and in silico tests. Results: SER inhibited Candida spp. strains at low concentrations by the fungicidal effect and showed no loss of effectiveness when combined. Its action seemed to be related to the membrane and cell wall biosynthesis inhibition. Conclusion: SER has activity against Candida spp. isolated and associated with antifungals, and acts by causing cell wall and membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Rodrigues
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-275, Brazil
| | - Vitória Pf Cabral
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-275, Brazil
| | - Amanda D Barbosa
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-275, Brazil
| | - Lívia Ga Valente Sá
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-275, Brazil
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cecília R Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-275, Brazil
| | - Lara Ea Moreira
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-275, Brazil
| | - Joao Ba Neto
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-275, Brazil
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jacilene Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (GQTE), State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, 930-000, Brazil
| | - Hélcio S Santos
- Science and Technology Center, Chemistry Course, Vale do Acaraú State University, CE, 040-370, Sobral
| | - Emmanuel S Marinho
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (GQTE), State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, 930-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Cavalcanti
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-275, Brazil
| | - Manoel O Moraes
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-275, Brazil
| | - Hélio V Nobre Júnior
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 430-275, Brazil
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Khan F, Jeong GJ, Javaid A, Thuy Nguyen Pham D, Tabassum N, Kim YM. Surface adherence and vacuolar internalization of bacterial pathogens to the Candida spp. cells: Mechanism of persistence and propagation. J Adv Res 2023; 53:115-136. [PMID: 36572338 PMCID: PMC10658324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-existence of Candida albicans with the bacteria in the host tissues and organs displays interactions at competitive, antagonistic, and synergistic levels. Several pathogenic bacteria take advantage of such types of interaction for their survival and proliferation. The chemical interaction involves the signaling molecules produced by the bacteria or Candida spp., whereas the physical attachment occurs by involving the surface proteins of the bacteria and Candida. In addition, bacterial pathogens have emerged to internalize inside the C. albicans vacuole, which is one of the inherent properties of the endosymbiotic relationship between the bacteria and the eukaryotic host. AIM OF REVIEW The interaction occurring by the involvement of surface protein from diverse bacterial species with Candida species has been discussed in detail in this paper. An in silico molecular docking study was performed between the surface proteins of different bacterial species and Als3P of C. albicans to explain the molecular mechanism involved in the Als3P-dependent interaction. Furthermore, in order to understand the specificity of C. albicans interaction with Als3P, the evolutionary relatedness of several bacterial surface proteins has been investigated. Furthermore, the environmental factors that influence bacterial pathogen internalization into the Candida vacuole have been addressed. Moreover, the review presented future perspectives for disrupting the cross-kingdom interaction and eradicating the endosymbiotic bacterial pathogens. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW With the involvement of cross-kingdom interactions and endosymbiotic relationships, the bacterial pathogens escape from the environmental stresses and the antimicrobial activity of the host immune system. Thus, the study of interactions between Candida and bacterial pathogens is of high clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Aqib Javaid
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, India
| | - Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Koulenti D, Karvouniaris M, Paramythiotou E, Koliakos N, Markou N, Paranos P, Meletiadis J, Blot S. Severe Candida infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19. J Intensive Med 2023; 3:291-297. [PMID: 38028641 PMCID: PMC10658040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of co-infections with bacterial or fungal pathogens has constantly increased among critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the pandemic. Candidemia was the most frequently reported invasive fungal co-infection. The onset of candidemia in COVID-19 patients was often delayed compared to non-COVID-19 patients. Additionally, Candida invasive infections in COVID-19 patients were more often linked to invasive procedures (e.g., invasive mechanical ventilation or renal replacement therapy) during the intensive care stay and the severity of illness rather than more "classic" risk factors present in patients without COVID-19 (e.g., underlying diseases and prior hospitalization). Moreover, apart from the increased incidence of candidemia during the pandemic, a worrying rise in fluconazole-resistant strains was reported, including a rise in the multidrug-resistant Candida auris. Regarding outcomes, the development of invasive Candida co-infection had a negative impact, increasing morbidity and mortality compared to non-co-infected COVID-19 patients. In this narrative review, we present and critically discuss information on the diagnosis and management of invasive fungal infections caused by Candida spp. in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Koulenti
- Second Critical Care Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Nikolaos Koliakos
- Second Critical Care Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Markou
- ICU of Latseio Burns Centre, General Hospital of Elefsis ‘Thriasio’, Athens, Greece
| | - Paschalis Paranos
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Joseph Meletiadis
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stijn Blot
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Bonincontro G, Scuderi SA, Marino A, Simonetti G. Synergistic Effect of Plant Compounds in Combination with Conventional Antimicrobials against Biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida spp. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1531. [PMID: 38004397 PMCID: PMC10675371 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal biofilm has increased antibiotic resistance and plays an essential role in many persistent diseases. Biofilm-associated chronic infections are difficult to treat and reduce the efficacy of medical devices. This global problem has prompted extensive research to find alternative strategies to fight microbial chronic infections. Plant bioactive metabolites with antibiofilm activity are known to be potential resources to alleviate this problem. The phytochemical screening of some medicinal plants showed different active groups, such as stilbenes, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, polyphenolics, flavonoids, lignans, quinones, and coumarins. Synergistic effects can be observed in the interaction between plant compounds and conventional drugs. This review analyses and summarises the current knowledge on the synergistic effects of plant metabolites in combination with conventional antimicrobials against biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The synergism of conventional antimicrobials with plant compounds can modify and inhibit the mechanisms of acquired resistance, reduce undesirable effects, and obtain an appropriate therapeutic effect at lower doses. A deeper knowledge of these combinations and of their possible antibiofilm targets is needed to develop next-generation novel antimicrobials and/or improve current antimicrobials to fight drug-resistant infections attributed to biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Bonincontro
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Sarah Adriana Scuderi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Andreana Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Simonetti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
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22
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Lemes TH, Nascentes JAS, Regasini LO, Siqueira JPZ, Maschio-Lima T, Pattini VC, Ribeiro MD, de Almeida BG, de Almeida MTG. Combinatorial effect of fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine with different culture extracts of Candida parapsilosis and Trichophyton spp. against Trichophyton rubrum. Int Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s10123-023-00438-x. [PMID: 37875749 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a nail infection caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte fungi, and yeasts, especially Candida species. The present study evaluated the combinatorial effect of different cultured extracts of Candida parapsilosis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum with fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine against clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum. In addition, investigation of the action of the extracts on the wall or membrane was performed. Pure and mixed cultures of Candida parapsilosis and dermatophytes were filtered through a 0.2-μm membrane and submitted to liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate. After a checkerboard, trial with drugs was performed to evaluate the synergistic interaction with the extract. The results obtained for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts against the T. rubrum strain in isolation were 500-8000 μg/mL. The MIC range for fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine were 2-32 μg/mL, 0.25-0.5 μg/mL, 0.03-64 μg/mL, respectively. However, when the extract was combined with drugs, the MIC values decreased: extracts 1.9-1000 μg/mL, fluconazole 0.25-4, itraconazole 0.03-0.06 μg/mL, and terbinafine 0.001-0.02 μg/mL. The MIC values of the extracts in the Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium (RPMI) supplemented with sorbitol did not change, suggesting any action on the cell wall. However, in the presence of RPMI supplemented with ergosterol, MIC values of the extracts increased by up to 2×, indicating action on the fungal cell membrane. A synergistic action was observed between products and drugs, detecting a decrease in MIC values. There is potential and a new therapeutic perspective for fungal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Henrique Lemes
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | | | - Luis Octávio Regasini
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Zen Siqueira
- Dept. of Dermatological, Infectious, and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Taiza Maschio-Lima
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Veridianna Camilo Pattini
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariela Domiciano Ribeiro
- Dept. of Dermatological, Infectious, and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gottardo de Almeida
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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23
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da Silva CR, Silveira MJCB, Soares GC, de Andrade CR, Cabral VPDF, Sá LGDAV, Rodrigues DS, Moreira LEA, Barbosa AD, da Silva LJ, da Silva AR, Gomes AOCV, Cavalcanti BC, de Moraes MO, Nobre Júnior HV, de Andrade Neto JB. Analysis of possible pathways on the mechanism of action of minocycline and doxycycline against strains of Candida spp. resistant to fluconazole. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 37801011 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Candida, characterized as commensals of the human microbiota, are opportunistic pathogens capable of generating various types of infections with high associated costs. Considering the limited pharmacological arsenal and the emergence of antifungal-resistant strains, the repositioning of drugs is a strategy used to search for new therapeutic alternatives, in which minocycline and doxycycline have been evaluated as potential candidates. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of two tetracyclines, minocycline and doxycycline, and their possible mechanism of action against fluconazole-resistant strains of Candida spp. The sensitivity test for antimicrobials was performed using the broth microdilution technique, and the pharmacological interaction with fluconazole was also analysed using the checkerboard method. To analyse the possible mechanisms of action, flow cytometry assays were performed. The minimum inhibitory concentration obtained was 4-427 µg ml-1 for minocycline and 128-512 µg ml-1 for doxycycline, and mostly indifferent and additive interactions with fluconazole were observed. These tetracyclines were found to promote cellular alterations that generated death by apoptosis, with concentration-dependent reactive oxygen species production and reduced cell viability. Therefore, minocycline and doxycycline present themselves as promising study molecules against Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Rocha da Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Janielly Castelo Branco Silveira
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vitória Pessoa de Farias Cabral
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lívia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sampaio Rodrigues
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lara Elloyse Almeida Moreira
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Amanda Dias Barbosa
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lisandra Juvêncio da Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Batista de Andrade Neto
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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24
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Quiroga-Vargas E, Loyola-Cruz MÁ, Rojas-Bernabé A, Moreno-Eutimio MA, Pastelin-Palacios R, Cruz-Cruz C, Durán-Manuel EM, Calzada-Mendoza C, Castro-Escarpulli G, Hernández-Hernández G, Cureño-Díaz MA, Fernández-Sánchez V, Bello-López JM. Typing of Candida spp. from Colonized COVID-19 Patients Reveal Virulent Genetic Backgrounds and Clonal Dispersion. Pathogens 2023; 12:1206. [PMID: 37887722 PMCID: PMC10610241 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 allowed the survival of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units. However, due to the clinical characteristics of severe patients, they resulted in the appearance of colonization events. Therefore, we speculate that strains of Candida spp. isolated from COVID-19 patients have virulent genetic and phenotypic backgrounds involved in clinical worsening of patients. The aim of this work was to virutype Candida spp. strains isolated from colonized COVID-19 patients, analyze their genomic diversity, and establish clonal dispersion in care areas. The virulent potential of Candida spp. strains isolated from colonized COVID-19 patients was determined through adhesion tests and the search for genes involved with adherence and invasion. Clonal association was done by analysis of intergenic spacer regions. Six species of Candida were involved as colonizing pathogens in COVID-19 patients. The genotype analysis revealed the presence of adherent and invasive backgrounds. The distribution of clones was identified in the COVID-19 care areas, where C. albicans was the predominant species. Evidence shows that Candida spp. have the necessary genetic tools to be able colonize the lungs, and could be a possible causal agent of coinfections in COVID-19 patients. The detection of dispersion of opportunistic pathogens can be unnoticed by classical epidemiology. Epidemiological surveillance against opportunistic fungal pathogens in COVID-19 patients is an immediate need, since the findings presented demonstrate the potential virulence of Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Quiroga-Vargas
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico (M.Á.L.-C.); (E.M.D.-M.); (M.A.C.-D.)
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico (C.C.-M.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico (M.Á.L.-C.); (E.M.D.-M.); (M.A.C.-D.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Araceli Rojas-Bernabé
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico (C.C.-M.)
| | - Mario Adán Moreno-Eutimio
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.M.-E.); (R.P.-P.)
| | - Rodolfo Pastelin-Palacios
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.M.-E.); (R.P.-P.)
| | - Clemente Cruz-Cruz
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico (M.Á.L.-C.); (E.M.D.-M.); (M.A.C.-D.)
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico (C.C.-M.)
| | - Emilio Mariano Durán-Manuel
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico (M.Á.L.-C.); (E.M.D.-M.); (M.A.C.-D.)
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico (C.C.-M.)
| | - Claudia Calzada-Mendoza
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico (C.C.-M.)
| | - Graciela Castro-Escarpulli
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Geovanni Hernández-Hernández
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico (M.Á.L.-C.); (E.M.D.-M.); (M.A.C.-D.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | | | - Verónica Fernández-Sánchez
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico (M.Á.L.-C.); (E.M.D.-M.); (M.A.C.-D.)
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz 54090, Mexico
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Caetano CF, Gaspar C, Oliveira AS, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R, Rodrigues L, Gonçalves T, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Rolo J. Study of Ecological Relationship of Yeast Species with Candida albicans in the Context of Vulvovaginal Infections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2398. [PMID: 37894056 PMCID: PMC10608876 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the fungal community, the mycobiota, in the health of the vagina is currently an important area of research. The emergence of new sequencing technologies and advances in bioinformatics made possible the discovery of novel fungi inhabiting this niche. Candida spp. constitutes the most important group of opportunistic pathogenic fungi, being the most prevalent fungal species in vulvovaginal infections. However, fungi such as Rhodotorula spp., Naganishia spp. and Malassezia spp. have emerged as potential pathogens in this niche, and therefore it is clinically relevant to understand their ecological interaction with Candida spp. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of yeasts on Candida albicans' pathogenicity, focusing on in-vitro growth, and biofilm formation at different times of co-culture and germ tube formation. The assays were performed with isolated species or with co-cultures of C. albicans (ATCC10231) with one other yeast species: Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (DSM13621), Malassezia furfur (DSM6170) or Naganishia albida (DSM70215). The results showed that M. furfur creates a symbiotic relationship with C. albicans, enhancing the growth rate of the co-culture (149.69%), and of germ tube formation of C. albicans (119.8%) and inducing a higher amount of biofilm biomass of the co-culture, both when mixed (154.1%) and preformed (166.8%). As for the yeasts R. mucilaginosa and N. albida, the relationship is antagonistic (with a significant decrease in all assays), thus possibly repressing the mixture's pathogenicity. These results shed light on the complex interactions between yeasts in the vaginal mycobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Filipa Caetano
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.F.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gaspar
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.F.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit-HPRD: Health Products Research and Development Lda, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Oliveira
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.F.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.F.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit-HPRD: Health Products Research and Development Lda, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lisa Rodrigues
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC—Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Gonçalves
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC—Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Martinez-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.F.C.)
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.F.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit-HPRD: Health Products Research and Development Lda, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Joana Rolo
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.F.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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26
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Ajetunmobi OH, Wall G, Vidal Bonifacio B, Martinez Delgado LA, Chaturvedi AK, Najvar LK, Wormley FL, Patterson HP, Wiederhold NP, Patterson TF, Lopez-Ribot JL. High-Throughput Screening of the Repurposing Hub Library to Identify Drugs with Novel Inhibitory Activity against Candida albicans and Candida auris Biofilms. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:879. [PMID: 37754987 PMCID: PMC10532723 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is one of the most frequent nosocomial infections affecting an increasing number of at-risk patients. Candida albicans remains the most frequent causative agent of candidiasis, but, in the last decade, C. auris has emerged as a formidable multi-drug-resistant pathogen. Both species are fully capable of forming biofilms, which contribute to resistance, increasing the urgency for new effective antifungal therapies. Repurposing existing drugs could significantly accelerate the development of novel therapies against candidiasis. Here, we have screened the Repurposing Hub library from the Broad Institute, containing over 6000 compounds, in search for inhibitors of C. albicans and C. auris biofilm formation. The primary screen identified 57 initial hits against C. albicans and 33 against C. auris. Confirmatory concentration-dependent assays were used to validate the activity of the initial hits and, at the same time, establish their anti-biofilm potency. Based on these results, ebselen, temsirolimus, and compound BAY 11-7082 emerged as the leading repositionable compounds. Subsequent experiments established their spectrum of antifungal activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi. In addition, their in vivo activity was examined in the murine models of hematogenously disseminated C. albicans and C. auris infections. Although promising, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to confirm their potential use for the therapy of candidiasis and possibly other fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabayo H. Ajetunmobi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (O.H.A.); (A.K.C.)
| | - Gina Wall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (O.H.A.); (A.K.C.)
| | - Bruna Vidal Bonifacio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (O.H.A.); (A.K.C.)
| | | | - Ashok K. Chaturvedi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (O.H.A.); (A.K.C.)
| | - Laura K. Najvar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (L.K.N.); (T.F.P.)
| | - Floyd L. Wormley
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA;
| | - Hoja P. Patterson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (H.P.P.); (N.P.W.)
| | - Nathan P. Wiederhold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (H.P.P.); (N.P.W.)
| | - Thomas F. Patterson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (L.K.N.); (T.F.P.)
| | - Jose L. Lopez-Ribot
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (O.H.A.); (A.K.C.)
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Torres R, Barreto-Santamaría A, Arévalo-Pinzón G, Firacative C, Gómez BL, Escandón P, Patarroyo MA, Muñoz JE. In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Three Synthetic Peptides against Candida auris and Other Candida Species of Medical Importance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1234. [PMID: 37627654 PMCID: PMC10451292 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is an opportunistic infection affecting immunosuppressed and hospitalized patients, with mortality rates approaching 40% in Colombia. The growing pharmacological resistance of Candida species and the emergence of multidrug-resistant Candida auris are major public health problems. Therefore, different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are being investigated as therapeutic alternatives to control candidiasis effectively and safely. This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of three synthetic AMPs, PNR20, PNR20-1, and 35409, against ATCC reference strains of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, and Candida tropicalis, and clinical isolates of C. auris. Antifungal susceptibility testing, determined by broth microdilution, showed that the AMPs have antifungal activity against planktonic cells of all Candida species evaluated. In C. auris and C. albicans, the peptides had an effect on biofilm formation and cell viability, as determined by the XTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Also, morphological alterations in the membrane and at the intracellular level of these species were induced by the peptides, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. In vitro, the AMPs had no cytotoxicity against L929 murine fibroblasts. Our results showed that the evaluated AMPs are potential therapeutic alternatives against the most important Candida species in Colombia and the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richar Torres
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Bogotá 110311, Colombia;
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (C.F.); (B.L.G.)
| | - Adriana Barreto-Santamaría
- Receptor-Ligand Department Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (A.B.-S.); (G.A.-P.)
| | - Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón
- Receptor-Ligand Department Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (A.B.-S.); (G.A.-P.)
| | - Carolina Firacative
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (C.F.); (B.L.G.)
| | - Beatriz L. Gómez
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (C.F.); (B.L.G.)
| | - Patricia Escandón
- Microbiology Group, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Julián E. Muñoz
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (C.F.); (B.L.G.)
- Public Health Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
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Silva AC, de Moraes DC, do Carmo DC, Gomes GCC, Ganesan A, Lopes RSC, Ferreira-Pereira A, Lopes CC. Synthesis of Altissimacoumarin D and Other Prenylated Coumarins and Their Ability to Reverse the Multidrug Resistance Phenotype in Candida albicans. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:758. [PMID: 37504746 PMCID: PMC10381857 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Azoles are the main antifungal agents employed in clinical practice to treat invasive candidiasis. Nonetheless, their efficacy is limited by fungal resistance mechanisms, mainly the overexpression of efflux pumps. Consequently, candidiasis has a worrisome death rate of 75%. One potential strategy to overcome efflux-mediated resistance is to inhibit this process. Ailanthus altissima is a Chinese tree that produces several active substances, including altissimacoumarin D. Due to the low yield of its extraction and the need to search for new drugs to treat candidiasis, this study aimed to synthesize altissimacoumarin D and its analogues, as well as evaluating their ability to reverse the resistance phenotype of Candida albicans. Coumarin isofraxidin was prepared via total synthesis through a solvent-free Knoevenagel condensation as the key step. Isofraxidin and other commercially available coumarins were alkylated with prenyl or geranyl groups to yield the natural product altissimacoumarin D and seven analogues. The antifungal activity of the coumarins and their ability to reverse the fungal resistance phenotype were assessed using microbroth methodologies. Toxicity was evaluated using erythrocytes and an in silico prediction. All compounds improved the antifungal activity of fluconazole by inhibiting efflux pumps, and ACS47 and ACS50 were the most active. None of the coumarins were toxic to erythrocytes. In silico predictions indicate that ACS47 and ACS50 may be safe for human use. ACS47 and ACS50 are promising candidates when used as adjuvants in the antifungal therapy against C. albicans-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Claudia Silva
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco A, 508, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Clemente de Moraes
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco I, 44, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Denilson Costa do Carmo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco A, 508, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Giselle Cristina Casaes Gomes
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco A, 508, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - A Ganesan
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Rosangela Sabbatini Capella Lopes
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco A, 508, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Ferreira-Pereira
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco I, 44, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Cerqueira Lopes
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco A, 508, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
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29
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do Nascimento FB, Valente Sá LG, de Andrade Neto JB, Cabral VP, Rodrigues DS, Barbosa AD, Moreira LE, Oliveira LC, Silva A, Lima IS, Silva J, Marinho ES, Santos HS, Cavalcanti BC, Morais MO, Júnior HV, Silva CR. Antifungal activity of cisatracurium against fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates and its antibiofilm effects. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:649-660. [PMID: 37522164 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the antifungal activity of cisatracurium against Candida spp. resistant to fluconazole strains in planktonic and biofilm forms, in addition to determining its mechanism of action. Materials & methods: Antifungal activity and pharmacological interactions were determined using broth microdilution methods and the mechanism of action was evaluated by flow cytometry and molecular docking. Results: Cisatracurium presented antifungal activity against Candida spp. planktonic cells due to alterations of mitochondrial transmembrane potential leading to cellular apoptosis in addition to interacting with important targets related to cellular respiration, membrane and cell wall evidenced by molecular docking. Furthermore, the drug both prevented biofilm formation and impaired mature biofilms. Conclusion: Cisatracurium exhibits potential antifungal activity against Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Ba do Nascimento
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CEP, 60.430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, CE, CEP, 60.430-275, Brasil
| | - Lívia Ga Valente Sá
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CEP, 60.430-372, Brazil
- Christus University Center, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, CE, CEP, 60.430-275, Brasil
| | - João B de Andrade Neto
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CEP, 60.430-372, Brazil
- Christus University Center, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, CE, CEP, 60.430-275, Brasil
| | - Vitória Pf Cabral
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CEP, 60.430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, CE, CEP, 60.430-275, Brasil
| | - Daniel S Rodrigues
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CEP, 60.430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, CE, CEP, 60.430-275, Brasil
| | - Amanda D Barbosa
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CEP, 60.430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, CE, CEP, 60.430-275, Brasil
| | - Lara Ea Moreira
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CEP, 60.430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, CE, CEP, 60.430-275, Brasil
| | - Leilson C Oliveira
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CEP, 60.430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, CE, CEP, 60.430-275, Brasil
| | - Anderson Silva
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry, Higher Council for Scientific Research, Spain
| | - Iri Sp Lima
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Barbalha, 63048-080, CE, Brasil
| | - Jacilene Silva
- Theoretical Chemistry & Electrochemistry Group, State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, 62.930-000, Brasil
| | - Emmanuel S Marinho
- Theoretical Chemistry & Electrochemistry Group, State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, 62.930-000, Brasil
| | - Hélcio S Santos
- Science and Technology Centre, Course of Chemistry, State University Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Cavalcanti
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, CE, CEP, 60.430-275, Brasil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.CEP, 60.430-275, Brasil
| | - Manoel O Morais
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, CE, CEP, 60.430-275, Brasil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.CEP, 60.430-275, Brasil
| | - Hélio Vn Júnior
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CEP, 60.430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, CE, CEP, 60.430-275, Brasil
| | - Cecília R Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CEP, 60.430-372, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, CE, CEP, 60.430-275, Brasil
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30
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do Nascimento FB, Valente Sá LG, de Andrade Neto JB, Sampaio LS, Queiroz HA, Silva LJ, Cabral VP, Rodrigues DS, Pereira SC, Cavalcanti BC, Silva J, Marinho ES, Santos HS, Moraes MO, Nobre Júnior HV, Silva CR. Synergistic effect of hydralazine associated with triazoles on Candida spp. in planktonic cells. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:661-672. [PMID: 37540106 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the antifungal activity of hydralazine hydrochloride alone and in synergy with azoles against Candida spp. and the action mechanism. Methods: We used broth microdilution assays to determine the MIC, checkerboard assays to investigate synergism, and flow cytometry and molecular docking tests to ascertain action mechanism. Results: Hydralazine alone had antifungal activity in the range of 16-128 μg/ml and synergistic effect with itraconazole versus 100% of the fungal isolates, while there was synergy with fluconazole against 11.11% of the isolates. There was molecular interaction with the receptors exo-B(1,3)-glucanase and CYP51, causing reduced cell viability and DNA damage. Conclusion: Hydralazine is synergistic with itraconazole and triggers cell death of Candida spp. at low concentrations, demonstrating antifungal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Bsa do Nascimento
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Lívia Ga Valente Sá
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60190-180, Brazil
| | - João B de Andrade Neto
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60190-180, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Sampaio
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Helaine A Queiroz
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Lisandra J Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Vitória Pf Cabral
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Rodrigues
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Sidsayde C Pereira
- Hospital Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60840-285, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Cavalcanti
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Jacilene Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry & Electrochemistry (GQTE), State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, 62930-000, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel S Marinho
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry & Electrochemistry (GQTE), State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, 62930-000, Brazil
| | - Helcio S Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry & Electrochemistry (GQTE), State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, 62930-000, Brazil
| | - Manoel O Moraes
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Hélio V Nobre Júnior
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Cecília R Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
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Kregiel D, Czarnecka-Chrebelska KH, Schusterová H, Vadkertiová R, Nowak A. The Metschnikowia pulcherrima Clade as a Model for Assessing Inhibition of Candida spp. and the Toxicity of Its Metabolite, Pulcherrimin. Molecules 2023; 28:5064. [PMID: 37446724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is one of the most frequent infections worldwide. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of six strains belonging to the Metschnikowia pulcherrima clade were evaluated against twenty Candida and Candida-related Filobasidiella neoformans var. bacillispora (syn. Cryptococcus neoformans) of different origins, employing the agar cross method. The toxic effect of pulcherrimin, a red metabolite that is responsible for the antimicrobial activities of Metschnikowia spp., was evaluated in various experimental models. The results of agar tests showed that the selected M. pulcherrima strains inhibited the growth of the Candida and non-Candida strains. However, inhibition was dependent on the strain and the environment. The presence of peptone, sodium silicate, and a higher incubation temperature decreased the antifungal action of the M. pulcherrima strains. Pulcherrimin showed cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity, with oxidative stress in cells leading to apoptosis. More research is needed on the mechanism of action of pulcherrimin on somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kregiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
- Culture Collection of Yeasts, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Hana Schusterová
- Culture Collection of Yeasts, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Renáta Vadkertiová
- Culture Collection of Yeasts, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
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S Mendes S, Sorg M, Luís CM, Fontinha D, Francisco D, Moita D, C Romão C, G Pinho M, Pimentel C, Prudêncio M, M Saraiva L. Conjugated carbon monoxide-releasing molecules have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1037-1048. [PMID: 37458074 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To test the antimicrobial effect of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) conjugated with azoles on different microorganisms. Methods & results: We used broth microdilution, checkerboard and cytotoxicity assays, as well as imaging, fluorescence and bioluminescence experiments to study [Re(CO)3(2,2'-bipyridyl)(Ctz)]+ (also known as ReBpyCtz). ReBpyCtz exhibits a low minimum inhibitory concentration value, increases the intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species and causes significant alterations on Staphylococcus aureus's membrane. ReBpyCtz is active against fungi, having a more prolonged fungicidal effect on Candida glabrata than clotrimazole and is selectively active on blood-stage malaria parasites, at a concentration that is not toxic to kidney epithelial cells. Conclusion: Conjugated CORMs have the potential to be active against different types of pathogens, thus constituting a promising class of broad-spectrum antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia S Mendes
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Moritz Sorg
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Malta Luís
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Denise Francisco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Moita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos C Romão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mariana G Pinho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pimentel
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lígia M Saraiva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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Qiu J, Roza MP, Colli KG, Dalben YR, Maifrede SB, Valiatti TB, Novo VM, Cayô R, Grão-Velloso TR, Gonçalves SS. Candida-associated denture stomatitis: clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological features. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:841-848. [PMID: 36940013 PMCID: PMC10234952 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The identification of Candida spp. in denture stomatitis, the clinical manifestations, and the antifungal susceptibility profile lead to a correct and individualized therapeutic management of the patients. This study is aimed at investigating the clinical manifestations and epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. DESIGN The samples were obtained by swabbing the oral mucosa of the subjects and then seeded onto Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and onto CHROMagar® Candida plates. The identification at the species level was confirmed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Clinical classification was performed according to the criteria proposed by Newton (1962): (i) pinpoint hyperemia, (ii) diffuse hyperemia, and (iii) granular hyperemia. For carrying out the antifungal susceptibility testing, we adopted the CLSI M27-S4 protocol. RESULTS C. albicans was the most prevalent species in our study. Regarding non-albicans Candida species, C. glabrata was the most common species isolated from the oral mucosa (n = 4, 14.8%), while in the prosthesis, it was C. tropicalis (n = 4, 14.8%). The most prevalent clinical manifestation was pinpoint hyperemia and diffuse hyperemia. Candida albicans, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis were susceptible to all the tested antifungals. Concerning fluconazole and micafungin, only two strains showed dose-dependent sensitivity (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 1 μg/mL) and intermediate sensitivity (MIC, 0.25 μg/mL). One C. tropicalis strain was resistant to voriconazole (MIC, 8 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS C. albicans was the most common species found in oral mucosa and prosthesis. The tested antifungal drugs showed great activity against most isolates. The most prevalent clinical manifestations were Newton's type I and type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyan Qiu
- Center for Research in Medical Mycology (CIMM), Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), 1468, Marechal Campos Avenue, Vitória, ES 29.040-090 Brazil
| | - Milena P. Roza
- Dental Clinic Department, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
| | - Karolyne G. Colli
- Dental Clinic Department, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
| | - Yago R. Dalben
- Center for Research in Medical Mycology (CIMM), Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), 1468, Marechal Campos Avenue, Vitória, ES 29.040-090 Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
| | - Simone B. Maifrede
- Pathology Department, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
| | - Tiago B. Valiatti
- Alerta Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Vinicius M. Novo
- Dental Science Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cayô
- Alerta Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory (LIB), Biological Sciences Department (DCB), Immunology and Microbiology Sector, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (ICAQF), University of Federal São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP Brazil
| | - Tânia Regina Grão-Velloso
- Dental Clinic Department, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
- Dental Science Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
| | - Sarah S. Gonçalves
- Center for Research in Medical Mycology (CIMM), Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), 1468, Marechal Campos Avenue, Vitória, ES 29.040-090 Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
- Pathology Department, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
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Lajarin-Reinares M, Naveira-Souto I, Mallandrich M, Suñer-Carbó J, Llagostera Casas M, Calvo MA, Fernandez-Campos F. Repurposing Disulfiram as an Antifungal Agent: Development of a New Disulfiram Vaginal Mucoadhesive Gel. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051436. [PMID: 37242678 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative formulations need to be developed to improve the efficacy of treatments administered via the vaginal route. Mucoadhesive gels with disulfiram, a molecule that was originally approved as an antialcoholism drug, offer an attractive alternative to treat vaginal candidiasis. The aim of the current study was to develop and optimize a mucoadhesive drug delivery system for the local administration of disulfiram. Such formulations were composed of polyethylene glycol and carrageenan to improve the mucoadhesive and mechanical properties and to prolong the residence time in the vaginal cavity. Microdilution susceptibility testing showed that these gels had antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and Nakaseomyces glabratus. The physicochemical properties of the gels were characterized, and the in vitro release and permeation profiles were investigated with vertical diffusion Franz cells. After quantification, it was determined that the amount of the drug retained in the pig vaginal epithelium was sufficient to treat candidiasis infection. Together, our findings suggest that mucoadhesive disulfiram gels have the potential to be an effective alternative treatment for vaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lajarin-Reinares
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Campus Microbiology Unit, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- R & D Development, Reig Jofre Laboratories, 08970 Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Iria Naveira-Souto
- R & D Development, Reig Jofre Laboratories, 08970 Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Suñer-Carbó
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Llagostera Casas
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Campus Microbiology Unit, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria Angels Calvo
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Campos Péret VA, Reis RCFM, Braga SFP, Benedetti MD, Caldas IS, Carvalho DT, Santana LFDA, Johann S, Souza TBD. New miconazole-based azoles derived from eugenol show activity against Candida spp. and Cryptococcus gattii by inhibiting the fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115436. [PMID: 37146343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the design, synthesis and antifungal activity of new imidazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles derived from eugenol and dihydroeugenol. These new compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopy/spectrometric analyses and the imidazoles 9, 10, 13 e 14 showed relevant antifungal activity against Candida sp. and Cryptococcus gattii in the range of 4.6-75.3 μM. Although no compound has shown a broad spectrum of antifungal activity against all evaluated strains, some azoles were more active than either reference drugs employed against specific strains. Eugenol-imidazole 13 was the most promising azole (MIC: 4.6 μM) against Candida albicans being 32 times more potent than miconazole (MIC: 150.2 μM) with no relevant cytotoxicity (selectivity index >28). Notably, dihydroeugenol-imidazole 14 was twice as potent (MIC: 36.4 μM) as miconazole (MIC: 74.9 μM) and more than 5 times more active than fluconazole (MIC: 209.0 μM) against alarming multi-resistant Candida auris. Furthermore, in vitro assays showed that most active compounds 10 and 13 altered the fungal ergosterol biosynthesis, reducing its content as fluconazole does, suggesting the enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) as a possible target for these new compounds. Docking studies with CYP51 revealed an interaction between the imidazole ring of the active substances with the heme group, as well as insertion of the chlorinated ring into a hydrophobic cavity at the binding site, consistent with the behavior observed with control drugs miconazole and fluconazole. The increase of azoles-resistant isolates of Candida species and the impact that C. auris has had on hospitals around the world reinforces the importance of discovery of azoles 9, 10, 13 e 14 as new bioactive compounds for further chemical optimization to afford new clinically antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ivo Santana Caldas
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences - Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Diogo Teixeira Carvalho
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty - Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe de Andrade Santana
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Susana Johann
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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36
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Li-Zhulanov NS, Zaikova NP, Sari S, Gülmez D, Sabuncuoğlu S, Ozadali-Sari K, Arikan-Akdagli S, Nefedov AA, Rybalova TV, Volcho KP, Salakhutdinov NF. Rational Design of New Monoterpene-Containing Azoles and Their Antifungal Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050818. [PMID: 37237723 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Azole antifungals, including fluconazole, have long been the first-line antifungal agents in the fight against fungal infections. The emergence of drug-resistant strains and the associated increase in mortality from systemic mycoses has prompted the development of new agents based on azoles. We reported a synthesis of novel monoterpene-containing azoles with high antifungal activity and low cytotoxicity. These hybrids demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against all tested fungal strains, with excellent minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against both fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant strains of Candida spp. Compounds 10a and 10c with cuminyl and pinenyl fragments demonstrated up to 100 times lower MICs than fluconazole against clinical isolates. The results indicated that the monoterpene-containing azoles had much lower MICs against fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis than their phenyl-containing counterpart. In addition, the compounds did not exhibit cytotoxicity at active concentrations in the MTT assay, indicating potential for further development as antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai S Li-Zhulanov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda P Zaikova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Suat Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Dolunay Gülmez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Keriman Ozadali-Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Andrey A Nefedov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Rybalova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin P Volcho
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Khachatryan G, Khachatryan K, Krystyjan M, Krzemińska-Fiedorowicz L, Lenart-Boroń A, Białecka A, Krupka M, Krzan M, Blaszyńska K, Hanula M, Juszczak L. Synthesis and Investigation of Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Films Containing Encapsulated Propolis in Hyaluronic Matrix. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36904511 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic development of nanotechnology has enabled the development of innovative and novel techniques for the production and use of nanomaterials. One of them is the use of nanocapsules based on biodegradable biopolymer composites. Closing compounds with antimicrobial activity inside the nanocapsule cause the gradual release of biologically active substances into the environment, and the effect on pathogens is regular, prolonged and targeted. Known and used in medicine for years, propolis, thanks to the synergistic effect of active ingredients, has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. Biodegradable and flexible biofilms were obtained, the morphology of the composite was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size was measured by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. Antimicrobial properties of biofoils were examined on commensal skin bacteria and pathogenic Candida isolates based on the growth inhibition zones. The research confirmed the presence of spherical nanocapsules with sizes in the nano/micrometric scale. The properties of the composites were characterized by infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. It has been proven that hyaluronic acid is a suitable matrix for the preparation of nanocapsules, as no significant interactions between hyaluronan and the tested compounds have been demonstrated. Color analysis and thermal properties, as well as the thickness and mechanical properties of the obtained films, were determined. Antimicrobial properties of the obtained nanocomposites were strong in relation to all analyzed bacterial and yeast strains isolated from various regions of the human body. These results suggest high potential applicability of the tested biofilms as effective materials for dressings to be applied on infected wounds.
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Bauer KA, Yu K, Moise PA, Finelli L, Ai C, Watts J, Ye G, Gupta V. Morbidity and mortality of hospitalised patients with candidemia during the various severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic waves: A multicentre evaluation of 248 US hospitals. Mycoses 2023; 66:483-487. [PMID: 36740751 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies evaluating outcomes of COVID-19 patients with candidemia are limited and have only evaluated a single timepoint during the pandemic. OBJECTIVES To compare the prevalence and outcomes associated with candidemia in patients based on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) status and through the various pandemic waves (1 March 2020-5 March 2022). PATIENTS/METHODS Multicentre, retrospective cohort analysis of data from 248 US medical facilities using the BD Insights Research Database (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA). Eligible patients were adults aged ≥18 years who were hospitalised for >1 day, had a SARS-CoV-2 test and a positive blood culture for Candida spp. RESULTS During the study time frame, there were 2,402,879 hospital admissions; 234,903 (9.7%) and 2,167,976 (90.3%) patients were SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative, respectively. A significantly higher rate of candidemia/1000 admissions was observed in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients compared to SARS-CoV-2-negative patients (3.18 vs. 0.99; p < .001). The highest candidemia rate for SARS-CoV-2-positive patients was observed during the Alpha SARS-CoV-2 wave (June 2020-August 2020) with the lowest candidemia rate during the Omicron wave. Hospital mortality was significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients compared to SARS-CoV-2-negative patients with candidemia (59.6% vs. 30.8%; p < .001). When evaluating the mortality rate through the various pandemic waves, the rate for the overall population did not change. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates high morbidity and mortality for hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and candidemia which was consistent throughout the pandemic. Patients with COVID-19 are at an increased risk for candidemia; importantly, the magnitude of which may differ based on the circulating variant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalvin Yu
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - ChinEn Ai
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA
| | - Janet Watts
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gang Ye
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA
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Roa Cordero MV, Romero Pineda MF, Guerrero Rodríguez JM, López Ortíz JG, Leal Pinto SM. Exploring the potential of eco-friendly silver nanoparticles to inhibit azole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida spp. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2023; 58:31-38. [PMID: 36724546 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2172267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity and biological efficiency of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) have been widely described and can be modeled through stabilizing and reducing agents, especially if they exhibit biocidal properties, which can enhance bioactivity against pathogens. The selective action of AgNps remains a major concern. In this regard, the use of plant extracts for the green synthesis of nanoparticles offers advantages because it improves the toxicity of Nps for microorganisms and is harmless to normal cells. However, biological evaluations of the activity of AgNps synthesized using different reducing agents are determined independently, and comparisons are frequently overlooked. Thus, we investigated and compared the antifungal and cytotoxic effects of two ecological AgNps synthesized from Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract (AgNp-M) and glucose (AgNp-G) against azole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida spp. and nontumor mammalian cells. Synthesized AgNps exhibited an antifungal effect on planktonic cells of drug-resistant C. albicans and C. tropicalis (MIC 0.21-52.6 µg/mL). The toxicity was influenced by size. However, the use of M. oleifera extracts allows us to obtain AgNps that are highly selective and nongenotoxic to Vero cells due to modifications of the shape and surface. Therefore, these results suggest that AgNp-M has antimicrobial potential and deserves further investigation for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Viviana Roa Cordero
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Grupo de investigación en biotecnología Agroambiental y salud-Microbiota, Bucarmanga, Colombia
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación Manejo Clínico-Cliniudes, Bucarmanga, Colombia
| | - María Fernanda Romero Pineda
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Grupo de investigación en biotecnología Agroambiental y salud-Microbiota, Bucarmanga, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Zumoinnova, Zumotec S.A., Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Julián Mauricio Guerrero Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación Zumoinnova, Zumotec S.A., Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Investigación Interfase, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Sandra Milena Leal Pinto
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Grupo de investigación en biotecnología Agroambiental y salud-Microbiota, Bucarmanga, Colombia
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación Manejo Clínico-Cliniudes, Bucarmanga, Colombia
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Rodrigues DS, Cabral VPDF, Barbosa AD, Sá LGDAV, Moreira LEA, de Andrade Neto JB, da Silva CR, de Moraes MO, Silva J, Marinho ES, Dos Santos HS, da Costa ÉRM, Silveira MJCB, E Silva LH, Nobre Júnior HV. Sertraline has in vitro activity against both mature and forming biofilms of different Candida species. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 36762524 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. infections are a serious health problem, especially in patients with risk factors. The acquisition of resistance, often associated with biofilm production, makes treatment more difficult due to the reduced effectiveness of available antifungals. Drug repurposing is a good alternative for the treatment of infections by Candida spp. biofilms. The present study evaluated the in vitro antibiofilm activity of sertraline in reducing the cell viability of forming and matured biofilms, in addition to elucidating whether effective concentrations are safe. Sertraline reduced biofilm cell viability by more than 80 % for all Candida species tested, acting at low and safe concentrations, both on mature biofilm and in preventing its formation, even the one with highest virulence. Its preventive mechanism seemed to be related to binding with ALS3. These data indicate that sertraline is a promising drug with anticandidal biofilm potential in safe doses. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the antibiofilm mechanism and possible application of pharmaceutical forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sampaio Rodrigues
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vitória Pessoa de Farias Cabral
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Amanda Dias Barbosa
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lívia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lara Elloyse Almeida Moreira
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Batista de Andrade Neto
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cecília Rocha da Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes
- Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jacilene Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (GQTE), State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (GQTE), State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Helcio Silva Dos Santos
- Science and Technology Centre, Course of Chemistry, State University Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Érica Rayanne Mota da Costa
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Holanda E Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Calheiros D, Dias MI, Calhelha RC, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR, Fernandes C, Gonçalves T. Antifungal Activity of Spent Coffee Ground Extracts. Microorganisms 2023; 11. [PMID: 36838208 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most popular and consumed products in the world, generating tons of solid waste known as spent coffee grounds (SCG), containing several bioactive compounds. Here, the antifungal activity of ethanolic SCG extract from caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee capsules was evaluated against yeasts and filamentous fungi. These extracts had antifungal activity against Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum, all skin fungal agents. Moreover, SCG had fungicidal activity against T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum. To understand the underlying mechanisms of the antifungal activity, fungal cell membrane and cell wall components were quantified. SCG caused a significant reduction of the ergosterol, chitin, and β-(1,3)-glucan content of C. parapsilosis, revealing the synthesis of this membrane component and cell wall components as possible targets of these extracts. These extracts were cytotoxic for the tumoral cell lines tested but not for the non-tumoral PLP2 cell line. The analysis of the phenolic compounds of these extracts revealed the presence of caffeoylquinic acid, feruloylquinic acid, and caffeoylshikimic acid derivatives. Overall, this confirmed the antifungal activity of spent coffee grounds, presenting a potential increase in the sustainability of the life cycle of coffee grounds, as a source for the development of novel antifungal formulations, especially for skin or mucosal fungal infections.
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Branco J, Miranda IM, Rodrigues AG. Candida parapsilosis Virulence and Antifungal Resistance Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review of Key Determinants. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010080. [PMID: 36675901 PMCID: PMC9862255 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is the second most common Candida species isolated in Asia, Southern Europe, and Latin America and is often involved in invasive infections that seriously impact human health. This pathogen is part of the psilosis complex, which also includes Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. C. parapsilosis infections are particularly prevalent among neonates with low birth weights, individuals who are immunocompromised, and patients who require prolonged use of a central venous catheter or other indwelling devices, whose surfaces C. parapsilosis exhibits an enhanced capacity to adhere to and form biofilms. Despite this well-acknowledged prevalence, the biology of C. parapsilosis has not been as extensively explored as that of Candida albicans. In this paper, we describe the molecular mechanistic pathways of virulence in C. parapsilosis and show how they differ from those of C. albicans. We also describe the mode of action of antifungal drugs used for the treatment of Candida infections, namely, polyenes, echinocandins, and azoles, as well as the resistance mechanisms developed by C. parapsilosis to overcome them. Finally, we stress the importance of the ongoing search for species-specific features that may aid the development of effective control strategies and thus reduce the burden on patients and healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Branco
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research—CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +351-225513662
| | - Isabel M. Miranda
- Cardiovascular Research & Development Centre—UnIC@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Acácio G. Rodrigues
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research—CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Xie M, Shao J, Wan Z, Yan T, Zhu S, Li S, Yu J. Detection of Candida DNA in peritoneal fluids by PCR assay optimizing the diagnosis and treatment for intra-abdominal candidiasis in high-risk ICU patients: A prospective cohort study. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1070688. [PMID: 36687581 PMCID: PMC9849671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1070688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) is the predominant type of invasive candidiasis with high mortality in critically ill patients. This study aimed to investigate whether the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detecting Candida DNA in peritoneal fluids (PF) is useful in diagnosing and management of IAC in high-risk patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods A prospective single-center cohort study of surgical patients at high risk for IAC was conducted in the ICU. PF was collected from the abdominal drainage tubes (within 24 h) or by percutaneous puncture. Direct PF smear microscopy, PF culture, blood culture, and serum (1-3)-β-D-glucan were performed in all patients. For Candida PCR assay, the ITS1/ITS4 primers that targeted the ITS1-5.8 s-ITS2 regions were used for PCR, and sequencing analysis was used to identify the pathogen at the species level. IAC was defined according to the 2013 European consensus criteria. Results Among 83 patients at high risk for IAC, the IAC criteria were present in 17 (20.5%). The sensitivity and specificity of the Candida PCR assay were 64.7 and 89.4%, respectively, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.63-0.91). In this cohort, the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 90.8% (95% CI: 80.3-96.2%) and 61.1% (95% CI: 36.1-81.7%), respectively. Diagnostic consistency was moderate (kappa 0.529, p < 0.001) according to the 2013 European consensus criteria. Conclusion Detection of Candida DNA in PF using PCR can be considered an adjunct to existing routine diagnostic tools which may optimize the diagnosis and antifungal treatment of IAC in high-risk patients in the ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Shao
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China,Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Wan
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sainan Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangling Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Shuangling Li, ✉
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China,Jin Yu, ✉
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Junqueira JC, Mylonakis E. Editorial: Candida biofilms. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1128600. [PMID: 36687614 PMCID: PMC9846752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1128600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University/UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil,*Correspondence: Juliana Campos Junqueira ✉
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States,Eleftherios Mylonakis ✉
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45
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Armbruster CE, França Â, Kushugulova A, Mauch RM, Martín-Rodríguez AJ. Editorial: Rising stars in biofilms 2022. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1169998. [PMID: 36936771 PMCID: PMC10020171 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1169998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsie E. Armbruster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ângela França
- Biofilm Research Laboratory Rosario de Oliveira, Center of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Almagul Kushugulova
- Microbiome Laboratory, Center for Life Sciences. National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Renan M. Mauch
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Renan M. Mauch,
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Powell LC, Adams JYM, Quoraishi S, Py C, Oger A, Gazze SA, Francis LW, von Ruhland C, Owens D, Rye PD, Hill KE, Pritchard MF, Thomas DW. Alginate oligosaccharides enhance the antifungal activity of nystatin against candidal biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1122340. [PMID: 36798083 PMCID: PMC9927220 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1122340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing prevalence of invasive fungal infections in immuno-compromised patients is a considerable cause of morbidity and mortality. With the rapid emergence of antifungal resistance and an inadequate pipeline of new therapies, novel treatment strategies are now urgently required. Methods The antifungal activity of the alginate oligosaccharide OligoG in conjunction with nystatin was tested against a range of Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. auris, C. tropicalis and C. dubliniensis), in both planktonic and biofilm assays, to determine its potential clinical utility to enhance the treatment of candidal infections. The effect of OligoG (0-6%) ± nystatin on Candida spp. was examined in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and growth curve assays. Antifungal effects of OligoG and nystatin treatment on biofilm formation and disruption were characterized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ATP cellular viability assays. Effects on the cell membrane were determined using permeability assays and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results MIC and growth curve assays demonstrated the synergistic effects of OligoG (0-6%) with nystatin, resulting in an up to 32-fold reduction in MIC, and a significant reduction in the growth of C. parapsilosis and C. auris (minimum significant difference = 0.2 and 0.12 respectively). CLSM and SEM imaging demonstrated that the combination treatment of OligoG (4%) with nystatin (1 µg/ml) resulted in significant inhibition of candidal biofilm formation on glass and clinical grade silicone surfaces (p < 0.001), with increased cell death (p < 0.0001). The ATP biofilm disruption assay demonstrated a significant reduction in cell viability with OligoG (4%) alone and the combined OligoG/nystatin (MIC value) treatment (p < 0.04) for all Candida strains tested. TEM studies revealed the combined OligoG/nystatin treatment induced structural reorganization of the Candida cell membrane, with increased permeability when compared to the untreated control (p < 0.001). Conclusions Antimicrobial synergy between OligoG and nystatin against Candida spp. highlights the potential utility of this combination therapy in the prevention and topical treatment of candidal biofilm infections, to overcome the inherent tolerance of biofilm structures to antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia C. Powell
- Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Lydia C. Powell,
| | - Jennifer Y. M. Adams
- Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sadik Quoraishi
- Otolaryngology Department, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Charlène Py
- Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Anaϊs Oger
- Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Salvatore A. Gazze
- Centre for Nanohealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis W. Francis
- Centre for Nanohealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher von Ruhland
- Central Biotechnology Services, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David Owens
- Head and Neck Directorate, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katja E. Hill
- Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Manon F. Pritchard
- Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Thomas
- Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Vu K, Buckley BJ, Bujaroski RS, Blumwald E, Kelso MJ, Gelli A. Antifungal activity of 6-substituted amiloride and hexamethylene amiloride (HMA) analogs. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1101568. [PMID: 36923593 PMCID: PMC10009331 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections have become an increasing threat as a result of growing numbers of susceptible hosts and diminishing effectiveness of antifungal drugs due to multi-drug resistance. This reality underscores the need to develop novel drugs with unique mechanisms of action. We recently identified 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride (HMA), an inhibitor of human Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1, as a promising scaffold for antifungal drug development. In this work, we carried out susceptibility testing of 45 6-substituted HMA and amiloride analogs against a panel of pathogenic fungi. A series of 6-(2-benzofuran)amiloride and HMA analogs that showed up to a 16-fold increase in activity against Cryptococcus neoformans were identified. Hits from these series showed broad-spectrum activity against both basidiomycete and ascomycete fungal pathogens, including multidrug-resistant clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiem Vu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Buckley
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard S. Bujaroski
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science (ATMCF), Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, PRB Building, University of California, Davis, CA, Australia
| | - Michael J. Kelso
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Angie Gelli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Angie Gelli,
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Sánchez-Molina M, Rebolledo-Cobos M, Filott-Tamara M, Viloria S, Bettín-Martinez A. [Species diversity of the genus Candida in the oral cavity of cancer patients in Barranquilla, Colombia]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2023; 55:12-19. [PMID: 35988002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. was characterized in the oral cavity of cancer patients in a health care center in Barranquilla, Colombia. This is a cross-sectional investigation including 60 oncological patients with oral candidiasis, selected by convenience sampling, from whom samples were subjected to culture in Sabouraud chloramphenicol agar, CHROMagar® Candida and Sabouraud dextrose agar were taken. The antifungal susceptibility profile was then identified and established. Descriptive statistics, Chi square test, and bivariate analysis were conducted using the Statgraphics Centurion XVII software with odds ratio (OR) for the probability of occurrence. A total of 107 Candida strains were identified belonging to 15 species, C. albicans with 23%, C. glabrata with 18%, C. tropicalis 13%, C. krusei 10%, C intermedia, and C. lipolytica with 1.5%. Species other than C. albicans were identified in 77% of the cases. A relationship between reproductive system cancer and C. guilliermondii was identified (p = 0.0001, <0.05) OR: 17.0. Between C. colliculosa and respiratory cancer (p = 0.0003, <0.05) OR 19.5. With regard to antifungal susceptibility, 99% of the identified Candida species were susceptible to the following antifungals: fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, and micafungin. Only one strain of C. krusei was resistant. It is concluded that there was a diversity of Candida species, either single or mixed in cancer patients, which could determine that only one species is not responsible for fungal infection in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Sánchez-Molina
- Programa de Odontología. Universidad Metropolitana de Barranquilla. Universidad Santo Tomás, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Martha Rebolledo-Cobos
- Programa de Odontología. Universidad Metropolitana de Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Margarita Filott-Tamara
- Programa de Bacteriología. Universidad Metropolitana de Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Samir Viloria
- Laboratorio Clínico Hospital Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Alfonso Bettín-Martinez
- Programa de maestría en Microbiología. Universidad Metropolitana de Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Biernasiuk A, Baj T, Malm A. Clove Essential Oil and Its Main Constituent, Eugenol, as Potential Natural Antifungals against Candida spp. Alone or in Combination with Other Antimycotics Due to Synergistic Interactions. Molecules 2022; 28. [PMID: 36615409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of candidiasis, including superficial infections, has recently increased dramatically, especially in immunocompromised patients. Their treatment is often ineffective due to the resistance of yeasts to antimycotics. Therefore, there is a need to search for new antifungals. The aim of this study was to determine the antifungal effect of clove essential oil (CEO) and eugenol (EUG) towards both reference and clinical Candida spp. strains isolated from the oral cavity of patients with hematological malignancies, and to investigate their mode of action and the interactions in combination with the selected antimycotics. These studies were performed using the broth microdilution method, tests with sorbitol and ergosterol, and a checkerboard technique, respectively. The CEO and EUG showed activity against all Candida strains with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 0.25-2 mg/mL. It was also found that both natural products bind to ergosterol in the yeast cell membrane. Moreover, the interactions between CEO and EUG with several antimycotics-cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, silver nitrate and triclosan-showed synergistic or additive effects in combination, except nystatin. This study confirms that the studied compounds appear to be a very promising group of phytopharmaceuticals used topically in the treatment of superficial candidiasis. However, this requires further studies in vivo.
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Wojciechowska-Koszko I, Kwiatkowski P, Roszkowska P, Krasnodębksa-Szponder B, Sławiński M, Gabrych A, Giedrys-Kalemba S, Dołęgowska B, Kowalczyk E, Sienkiewicz M. Genetic Diversity of Candida spp. Isolates Colonizing Twins and Their Family Members. Pathogens 2022; 11. [PMID: 36558865 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of options for studying Candida species are available through genetic methods. Twins, particularly monozygotic ones and their families may be fitting subjects for studying those microorganisms. The question is: How specific can yeast flora be in an individual? The study aimed to analyze the strain relatedness among commensal yeasts isolated from various parts of the bodies of healthy people and to compare correlations between the genotypes of the isolates. Yeasts were isolated from 63 twins and their family members (n = 25) from the oral cavity, anus, interdigital space and navel. After species identification, Candida albicans (n = 139), C. parapsilosis (n = 39), C. guilliermondii (n = 25), C. dubliniensis (n = 11) and C. krusei (n = 9) isolates were analyzed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) optimization method. The similarities between the strains were calculated based on the Dice (Sab) coefficient and are displayed graphically as dendrograms. Using cluster analysis, the following relatedness was distinguished: 13 genotypes and three unique (Un) patterns among C. albicans; 10 genotypes and four Un patterns among C. parapsilosis; three genotypes and one Un pattern among C. guilliermondii and C. dubliniensis; and three genotypes among C. krusei isolates. The presence of identical, similar or both genotypes among the strains isolated from family members shows the transmission of yeasts between ontocenoses in the same person and between individuals. The similarity between the genotypes of C. albicans, C. guilliermondii, C. dubliniensis and C. krusei was more remarkable than between the genotypes of C. parapsilosis in the strains isolated from ontocenoses of the same individual and their family members. The degrees of genetic similarity between Candida spp. strains isolated from monozygotic twins and those obtained from their relatives did not differ.
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