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Malec K, Mikołajczyk A, Marciniak D, Gawin-Mikołajewicz A, Matera-Witkiewicz A, Karolewicz B, Nawrot U, Khimyak YZ, Nartowski KP. Pluronic F-127 Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Fluconazole against Resistant Candida Strains. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:215-231. [PMID: 38109184 PMCID: PMC10795414 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Candida strains as the most frequent causes of infections, along with their increased drug resistance, pose significant clinical and financial challenges to the healthcare system. Some polymeric excipients were reported to interfere with the multidrug resistance mechanism. Bearing in mind that there are a limited number of marketed products with fluconazole (FLU) for the topical route of administration, Pluronic F-127 (PLX)/FLU formulations were investigated in this work. The aims of this study were to investigate (i) whether PLX-based formulations can increase the susceptibility of resistant Candida strains to FLU, (ii) whether there is a correlation between block polymer concentration and the antifungal efficacy of the FLU-loaded PLX formulations, and (iii) what the potential mode of action of PLX assisting FLU is. The yeast growth inhibition upon incubation with PLX formulations loaded with FLU was statistically significant. The highest efficacy of the azole agent was observed in the presence of 5.0 and 10.0% w/v of PLX. The upregulation of the CDR1/CDR2 genes was detected in the investigated Candida strains, indicating that the efflux of the drug from the fungal cell was the main mechanism of the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Malec
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556
Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Mikołajczyk
- Screening Biological Activity Assays and Collection of
Biological Material Laboratory, Wroclaw Medical University,
211a Borowska Str, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Marciniak
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556
Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gawin-Mikołajewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556
Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz
- Screening Biological Activity Assays and Collection of
Biological Material Laboratory, Wroclaw Medical University,
211a Borowska Str, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556
Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Nawrot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and
Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str,
50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Yaroslav Z. Khimyak
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556
Wroclaw, Poland
- School of Pharmacy, University of East
Anglia, Chancellors Drive, NR4 7TJ Norwich, U.K.
| | - Karol P. Nartowski
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556
Wroclaw, Poland
- School of Pharmacy, University of East
Anglia, Chancellors Drive, NR4 7TJ Norwich, U.K.
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2
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Dyba A, Wiącek E, Nowak M, Janczak J, Nartowski KP, Braun DE. Metronidazole Cocrystal Polymorphs with Gallic and Gentisic Acid Accessed through Slurry, Atomization Techniques, and Thermal Methods. Cryst Growth Des 2023; 23:8241-8260. [PMID: 37937188 PMCID: PMC10626573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, key features of metronidazole (MNZ) cocrystal polymorphs with gallic acid (GAL) and gentisic acid (GNT) were elucidated. Solvent-mediated phase transformation experiments in 30 solvents with varying properties were employed to control the polymorphic behavior of the MNZ cocrystal with GAL. Solvents with relative polarity (RP) values above 0.35 led to cocrystal I°, the thermodynamically stable form. Conversely, solvents with RP values below 0.35 produced cocrystal II, which was found to be only 0.3 kJ mol-1 less stable in enthalpy. The feasibility of electrospraying, including solvent properties and process conditions required, and spray drying techniques to control cocrystal polymorphism was also investigated, and these techniques were found to facilitate exclusive formation of the metastable MNZ-GAL cocrystal II. Additionally, the screening approach resulted in a new, high-temperature polymorph I of the MNZ-GNT cocrystal system, which is enantiotropically related to the already known form II°. The intermolecular energy calculations, as well as the 2D similarity between the MNZ-GAL polymorphs and the 3D similarity between MNZ-GNT polymorphs, rationalized the observed transition behaviors. Furthermore, the evaluation of virtual cocrystal screening techniques identified molecular electrostatic potential calculations as a supportive tool for coformer selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra
J. Dyba
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical
University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Wiącek
- Department
of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical
University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Nowak
- Department
of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical
University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Janczak
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1410, Okolna 2, 50-950 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karol P. Nartowski
- Department
of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical
University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, U.K.
| | - Doris E. Braun
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Nowak M, Dyba AJ, Gołkowska AM, Nieckarz A, Krajewska K, Malec K, Iuga D, Karolewicz B, Khimyak YZ, Nartowski KP. Probing fluconazole deposition inside mesoporous silica using solid-state NMR spectroscopy: Crystallization of a confined metastable form and phase transformations under storage conditions. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123403. [PMID: 37716486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of molecules into mesoporous silica carriers continues to attract considerable interest in the area of drug delivery and crystal engineering. Here, MCM-41, SBA-15 and MCF silica matrices were used to encapsulate fluconazole (FLU), a pharmaceutically relevant molecule with known conformational flexibility, using the melting method. The composites have been characterized using 1H, 13C and 19F NMR spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, PXRD and thermal analysis (DSC, TGA). Drug loading up to 50 wt% allowed us to probe the crystallization process and to detect different local environments of confined FLU molecules. 19F NMR spectroscopy enabled us to detect the gradual pore filling of silica with FLU and differentiate the amorphous domains and surface species. The use of the complementary structural and thermal techniques enabled us to monitor crystallization of the metastable FLU form II in MCF. Using 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy we observed pore-size dependent reversible dehydration/hydration behaviour in the MCM and SBA composites. As water content has considerable importance in understanding of physicochemical stability and shelf-life of pharmaceutical formulations, experimental evidence of the effect of API-water-carrier interactions on the API adsorption mechanism on silica surface is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Nowak
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra J Dyba
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna M Gołkowska
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Nieckarz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Krajewska
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malec
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Karol P Nartowski
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
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4
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Malec K, Monaco S, Delso I, Nestorowicz J, Kozakiewicz-Latała M, Karolewicz B, Khimyak YZ, Angulo J, Nartowski KP. Unravelling the mechanisms of drugs partitioning phenomena in micellar systems via NMR spectroscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:135-148. [PMID: 36736115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive use of micelles in materials and colloidal science, their supramolecular organization as well as host-guest interactions within these dynamic assemblies are poorly understood. Small guest molecules in the presence of micelles undergo constant exchange between a micellar aggregate and the surrounding solution, posing a considerable challenge for their molecular level characterisation. In this work we reveal the interaction maps between small guest molecules and surfactants forming micelles via novel applications of NMR techniques supported with state-of-the-art analytical methods used in colloidal science. Model micelles composed of structurally distinct surfactants (block non-ionic polymer Pluronic® F-127, non-ionic surfactant Tween 20 or Tween 80, and ionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulphate, SLS) were selected and loaded with model small molecules of biological relevance (i.e. the drugs fluconazole, FLU or indomethacin, IMC) known to have different partition coefficients. Molecular level organization of FLU or IMC within hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains of micellar aggregates was established using the combination of NMR methods (1D 1H NMR, 1D 19F NMR, 2D 1H-1H NOESY and 2D 1H-19F HOESY, and the multifrequency-STD NMR) and corroborated with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This is the first application of multifrequency-STD NMR to colloidal systems, enabling us to elucidate intricately detailed patterns of drug/micelle interactions in a single NMR experiment within minutes. Importantly, our results indicate that flexible surfactants, such as block copolymers and polysorbates, form micellar aggregates with a surface composed of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains and do not follow the classical core-shell model of the micelle. We propose that the magnitude of changes in 1H chemical shifts corroborated with interaction maps obtained from DEEP-STD NMR and 2D NMR experiments can be used as an indicator of the strength of the guest-surfactant interactions. This NMR toolbox can be adopted for the analysis of broad range of colloidal host-guest systems from soft materials to biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Malec
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Serena Monaco
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Chancellors Drive, NR4 7TJ Norwich, UK
| | - Ignacio Delso
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Chancellors Drive, NR4 7TJ Norwich, UK
| | - Justyna Nestorowicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kozakiewicz-Latała
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Chancellors Drive, NR4 7TJ Norwich, UK.
| | - Jesús Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Chancellors Drive, NR4 7TJ Norwich, UK; Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain.
| | - Karol P Nartowski
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Str, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Chancellors Drive, NR4 7TJ Norwich, UK.
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5
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Kozakiewicz-Latała M, Marciniak D, Krajewska K, Złocińska A, Prusik K, Karolewicz B, Nartowski KP, Pudło W. Hierarchical Macro-Mesoporous Silica Monolithic Tablets as a Novel Dose-Structure-Dependent Delivery System for the Release of Confined Dexketoprofen. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:641-649. [PMID: 36533661 PMCID: PMC9811460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the application of hierarchical porous monoliths as carriers for controlled and dose-adjustable release of model pharmaceutical (dexketoprofen, DEX). The synthesis and detailed characterization of the hierarchical porous scaffolds are provided before and after the adsorption of three doses of DEX─a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The drug incorporated in the mesopores of silica was stabilized in an amorphous state, while the presence of macropores provided sufficient space for drug crystallization as we demonstrated via a combination of powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and imaging techniques (scanning electron microscopy and EDX analysis). Drug release from silica matrices was tested, and a mechanistic model of this release based on the Fick diffusion equation was proposed. The hierarchical structure of the carrier, due to the presence of micrometric macropores and nanometric mesopores, turned out to be critical for the control of the drug phase and drug release from the monoliths. It was found that at low drug content, the presence of an amorphous component in the pores promoted the rapid release of the drug, while at higher drug contents, the presence of macropores favored the crystallization of DEX, which naturally slowed down its release. Both the hierarchical porous structure and the control of the drug phase (amorphous and/or crystalline) were proven important for adjustable (fast or prolonged) release kinetics, desirable for effective pharmacotherapy and patient compliance. Therefore, the developed materials may serve as a versatile formulation platform for the smart manipulation of drug release kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kozakiewicz-Latała
- Department
of Drug Forms Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, Wroclaw50-556, Poland
| | - Dominik Marciniak
- Department
of Drug Forms Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, Wroclaw50-556, Poland
| | - Karolina Krajewska
- Department
of Drug Forms Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, Wroclaw50-556, Poland
| | - Adrianna Złocińska
- Laboratory
of Elemental Analysis Structural Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, Wroclaw50-556, Poland
| | - Krystian Prusik
- Institute
of Materials Engineering, University of
Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, Chorzow40-007, Poland,Silesian
Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, Chorzow40-007, Poland
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department
of Drug Forms Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, Wroclaw50-556, Poland
| | - Karol P. Nartowski
- Department
of Drug Forms Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, Wroclaw50-556, Poland,
| | - Wojciech Pudło
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice44-100, Poland,
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6
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Krajewska K, Gołkowska AM, Nowak M, Kozakiewicz-Latała M, Pudło W, Żak A, Karolewicz B, Khimyak YZ, Nartowski KP. Molecular Level Characterisation of the Surface of Carbohydrate-Functionalised Mesoporous silica Nanoparticles (MSN) as a Potential Targeted Drug Delivery System via High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HR-MAS) NMR Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115906. [PMID: 35682585 PMCID: PMC9180545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atomistic level characterisation of external surface species of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) poses a significant analytical challenge due to the inherently low content of grafted ligands. This study proposes the use of HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy for a molecular level characterisation of the external surface of carbohydrate-functionalised nanoparticles. MSN differing in size (32 nm, 106 nm, 220 nm) were synthesised using the sol-gel method. The synthesised materials displayed narrow particle size distribution (based on DLS and TEM results) and a hexagonal arrangement of the pores with a diameter of ca. 3 nm as investigated with PXRD and N2 physisorption. The surface of the obtained nanoparticles was functionalised with galactose and lactose using reductive amination as confirmed by FTIR and NMR techniques. The functionalisation of the particles surface did not alter the pore architecture, structure or morphology of the materials as confirmed with TEM imaging. HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy was used for the first time to investigate the structure of the functionalised MSN suspended in D2O. Furthermore, lactose was successfully attached to the silica without breaking the glycosidic bond. The results demonstrate that HR-MAS NMR can provide detailed structural information on the organic functionalities attached at the external surface of MSN within short experimental times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Krajewska
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (A.M.G.); (M.N.); (M.K.-L.); (B.K.)
| | - Anna M. Gołkowska
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (A.M.G.); (M.N.); (M.K.-L.); (B.K.)
| | - Maciej Nowak
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (A.M.G.); (M.N.); (M.K.-L.); (B.K.)
| | - Marta Kozakiewicz-Latała
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (A.M.G.); (M.N.); (M.K.-L.); (B.K.)
| | - Wojciech Pudło
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 7 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Żak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology (WUST), Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (A.M.G.); (M.N.); (M.K.-L.); (B.K.)
| | - Yaroslav Z. Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Karol P. Nartowski
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (A.M.G.); (M.N.); (M.K.-L.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-784-05-69
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7
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Nowak M, Dyba AJ, Janczak J, Morritt A, Fábián L, Karolewicz B, Khimyak YZ, Braun DE, Nartowski KP. Directing Crystallization Outcomes of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Polymorphs, Solvates, and Desolvation Pathways of Fluconazole. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:456-471. [PMID: 35050637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Control over polymorphism and solvatomorphism in API assisted by structural information, e.g., molecular conformation or associations via hydrogen bonds, is crucial for the industrial development of new drugs, as the crystallization products differ in solubility, dissolution profile, compressibility, or melting temperature. The stability of the final formulation and technological factors of the pharmaceutical powders further emphasize the importance of precise crystallization protocols. This is particularly important when working with highly flexible molecules with considerable conformational freedom and a large number of hydrogen bond donors or acceptors (e.g., fluconazole, FLU). Here, cooling and suspension crystallization were applied to access polymorphs and solvates of FLU, a widely used azole antifungal agent with high molecular flexibility and several reported polymorphs. Each of four polymorphic forms, FLU I, II, III, or IV, can be obtained from the same set of alcohols (MeOH, EtOH, isPrOH) and DMF via careful control of the crystallization conditions. For the first time, two types of isostructural channel solvates of FLU were obtained (nine new structures). Type I solvates were prepared by cooling crystallization in Tol, ACN, DMSO, BuOH, and BuON. Type II solvates formed in DCM, ACN, nPrOH, and BuOH during suspension experiments. We propose desolvation pathways for both types of solvates based on the structural analysis of the newly obtained solvates and their desolvation products. Type I solvates desolvate to FLU form I by hydrogen-bonded chain rearrangements. Type II solvates desolvation leads first to an isomorphic desolvate, followed by a phase transition to FLU form II through hydrogen-bonded dimer rearrangement. Combining solvent-mediated phase transformations with structural analysis and solid-state NMR, supported by periodic electronic structure calculations, allowed us to elucidate the interrelations and transformation pathways of FLU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Nowak
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra J Dyba
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Janczak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1410, Okólna 2 str., 50-950 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alexander Morritt
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - László Fábián
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Doris E Braun
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karol P Nartowski
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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8
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Gawin-Mikołajewicz A, Nartowski KP, Dyba AJ, Gołkowska AM, Malec K, Karolewicz B. Ophthalmic Nanoemulsions: From Composition to Technological Processes and Quality Control. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3719-3740. [PMID: 34533317 PMCID: PMC8493553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions are considered as the most promising solution to improve the delivery of ophthalmic drugs. The design of ophthalmic nanoemulsions requires an extensive understanding of pharmaceutical as well as technological aspects related to the selection of excipients and formulation processes. This Review aims at providing the readers with a comprehensive summary of possible compositions of nanoemulsions, methods for their formulation (both laboratory and industrial), and differences between technological approaches, along with an extensive outline of the research methods enabling the confirmation of in vitro properties, pharmaceutical performance, and biological activity of the obtained product. The composition of the formulation has a major influence on the properties of the final product obtained with low-energy emulsification methods. Increasing interest in high-energy emulsification methods is a consequence of their scalability important from the industrial perspective. Considering the high-energy emulsification methods, both the composition and conditions of the process (e.g., device power level, pressure, temperature, homogenization time, or number of cycles) are important for the properties and stability of nanoemulsions. It is advisible to determine the effect of each parameter on the quality of the product to establish the optimal process parameters' range which, in turn, results in a more reproducible and efficient production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karol P. Nartowski
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra J. Dyba
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna M. Gołkowska
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malec
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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9
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Dudek MK, Paluch P, Śniechowska J, Nartowski KP, Day GM, Potrzebowski MJ. Crystal structure determination of an elusive methanol solvate – hydrate of catechin using crystal structure prediction and NMR crystallography. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00452a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A useful short-cut was developed to limit the number of molecular conformations that need to be regarded in crystal structure prediction calculations, which led to the crystal structure determination of new methanol solvate – hydrate of catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta K. Dudek
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Piotr Paluch
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Justyna Śniechowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Karol P. Nartowski
- Department of Drug Form Technology
- Wroclaw Medical University
- 50-556 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - Graeme M. Day
- Computational Systems Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- UK
| | - Marek J. Potrzebowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
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10
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Gajda M, Nartowski KP, Pluta J, Karolewicz B. Tuning the cocrystal yield in matrix-assisted cocrystallisation via hot melt extrusion: A case of theophylline-nicotinamide cocrystal. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Nartowski KP, Karabin J, Morritt AL, Nowak M, Fábián L, Karolewicz B, Khimyak YZ. Solvent driven phase transitions of acyclovir – the role of water and solvent polarity. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01814f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pathways of transformations of acyclovir forms I and V induced by organic solvents and water have been identified. Significant differences in the thermal dehydration process of forms V and VI were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol P. Nartowski
- Department of Drug Form Technology
- Wrocław Medical University
- 50-556 Wrocław
- Poland
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Julia Karabin
- Department of Drug Form Technology
- Wrocław Medical University
- 50-556 Wrocław
- Poland
| | | | - Maciej Nowak
- Department of Drug Form Technology
- Wrocław Medical University
- 50-556 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - László Fábián
- School of Pharmacy
- University of East Anglia
- NR4 7TJ Norwich
- UK
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology
- Wrocław Medical University
- 50-556 Wrocław
- Poland
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12
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Gajda M, Nartowski KP, Pluta J, Karolewicz B. The role of the polymer matrix in solvent-free hot melt extrusion continuous process for mechanochemical synthesis of pharmaceutical cocrystal. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 131:48-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol P. Nartowski
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Diksha Malhotra
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Lucy E. Hawarden
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Merseyside CH46 1QW, U.K
| | - László Fábián
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Yaroslav Z. Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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14
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Ramalhete SM, Nartowski KP, Sarathchandra N, Foster JS, Round AN, Angulo J, Lloyd GO, Khimyak YZ. Supramolecular Amino Acid Based Hydrogels: Probing the Contribution of Additive Molecules using NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2017; 23:8014-8024. [PMID: 28401991 PMCID: PMC5575562 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels are composed of self-assembled solid networks that restrict the flow of water. l-Phenylalanine is the smallest molecule reported to date to form gel networks in water, and it is of particular interest due to its crystalline gel state. Single and multi-component hydrogels of l-phenylalanine are used herein as model materials to develop an NMR-based analytical approach to gain insight into the mechanisms of supramolecular gelation. Structure and composition of the gel fibres were probed using PXRD, solid-state NMR experiments and microscopic techniques. Solution-state NMR studies probed the properties of free gelator molecules in an equilibrium with bound molecules. The dynamics of exchange at the gel/solution interfaces was investigated further using high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments. This approach allowed the identification of which additive molecules contributed in modifying the material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karol P. Nartowski
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNR4 7TJUK
- Current address: Department of Drug Form TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyWroclaw Medical Universityul. Borowska 21150-556WroclawPoland
| | | | - Jamie S. Foster
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEH14 4ASUK
| | - Andrew N. Round
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNR4 7TJUK
| | - Jesús Angulo
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNR4 7TJUK
| | - Gareth O. Lloyd
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEH14 4ASUK
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15
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Ramalhete SM, Foster JS, Green HR, Nartowski KP, Heinrich M, Martin PC, Khimyak YZ, Lloyd GO. Halogen effects on the solid-state packing of phenylalanine derivatives and the resultant gelation properties. Faraday Discuss 2017; 203:423-439. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00108h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phenylalanine is an important amino acid both biologically, essential to human health, and industrially, as a building block of artificial sweeteners. Our interest in this particular amino acid and its derivatives lies with its ability to form gels in a number of solvents. We present here the studies of the influence of halogen addition to the aromatic ring on the gelation properties and we analyse the crystal structures of a number of these materials to elucidate the trends in their behaviour based on the halogen addition to the aromatic group and the interactions that result.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie S. Foster
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Hayley R. Green
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Karol P. Nartowski
- School of Pharmacy
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich
- UK
- Department of Drug Form Technology
| | - Margaux Heinrich
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | | | | | - Gareth O. Lloyd
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
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16
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Hellrup J, Holmboe M, Nartowski KP, Khimyak YZ, Mahlin D. Structure and Mobility of Lactose in Lactose/Sodium Montmorillonite Nanocomposites. Langmuir 2016; 32:13214-13225. [PMID: 27951698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the molecular level organization and molecular mobility in montmorillonite nanocomposites with the uncharged organic low-molecular-weight compound lactose commonly used in pharmaceutical drug delivery, food technology, and flavoring. Nanocomposites were prepared under slow and fast drying conditions, attained by drying at ambient conditions and by spray-drying, respectively. A detailed structural investigation was performed with modulated differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, microcalorimetry, and molecular dynamics simulations. The lactose was intercalated in the sodium montmorillonite interlayer space regardless of the clay content, drying rate, or humidity exposure. Although, the spray-drying resulted in higher proportion of intercalated lactose compared with the drying under ambient conditions, nonintercalated lactose was present at 20 wt % lactose content and above. This indicates limitations in maximum loading capacity of nonionic organic substances into the montmorillonite interlayer space. Furthermore, a fraction of the intercalated lactose in the co-spray-dried nanocomposites diffused out from the clay interlayer space upon humidity exposure. Also, the lactose in the nanocomposites demonstrated higher molecular mobility than that of neat amorphous lactose. This study provides a foundation for understanding functional properties of lactose/Na-MMT nanocomposites, such as loading capacity and physical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Hellrup
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University , 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Holmboe
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University , 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karol P Nartowski
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Denny Mahlin
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University , 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Nartowski KP, Tedder J, Braun DE, Fábián L, Khimyak YZ. Building solids inside nano-space: from confined amorphous through confined solvate to confined 'metastable' polymorph. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:24761-73. [PMID: 26280634 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03880d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The nanocrystallisation of complex molecules inside mesoporous hosts and control over the resulting structure is a significant challenge. To date the largest organic molecule crystallised inside the nano-pores is a known pharmaceutical intermediate - ROY (259.3 g mol(-1)). In this work we demonstrate smart manipulation of the phase of a larger confined pharmaceutical - indomethacin (IMC, 357.8 g mol(-1)), a substance with known conformational flexibility and complex polymorphic behaviour. We show the detailed structural analysis and the control of solid state transformations of encapsulated molecules inside the pores of mesoscopic cellular foam (MCF, pore size ca. 29 nm) and controlled pore glass (CPG, pore size ca. 55 nm). Starting from confined amorphous IMC we drive crystallisation into a confined methanol solvate, which upon vacuum drying leads to the stabilised rare form V of IMC inside the MCF host. In contrast to the pure form, encapsulated form V does not transform into a more stable polymorph upon heating. The size of the constraining pores and the drug concentration within the pores determine whether the amorphous state of the drug is stabilised or it recrystallises into confined nanocrystals. The work presents, in a critical manner, an application of complementary techniques (DSC, PXRD, solid-state NMR, N2 adsorption) to confirm unambiguously the phase transitions under confinement and offers a comprehensive strategy towards the formation and control of nano-crystalline encapsulated organic solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Nartowski
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
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18
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Nartowski KP, Malhotra D, Hawarden LE, Sibik J, Iuga D, Zeitler JA, Fábián L, Khimyak YZ. 19F NMR Spectroscopy as a Highly Sensitive Method for the Direct Monitoring of Confined Crystallization within Nanoporous Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8904-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karol P. Nartowski
- School of Pharmacy; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Wroclaw Medical University; ul. Borowska 211 50-556 Wroclaw Poland
| | | | - Lucy E. Hawarden
- School of Pharmacy; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb; Reeds Lane Moreton Merseyside CH46 1QW UK
| | - Juraj Sibik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche A. G.; 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Dinu Iuga
- UK 850 MHz Solid-State NMR Facility, Department of Physics, Millburn House; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - László Fábián
- School of Pharmacy; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
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19
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Nartowski KP, Malhotra D, Hawarden LE, Sibik J, Iuga D, Zeitler JA, Fábián L, Khimyak YZ. 19F NMR Spectroscopy as a Highly Sensitive Method for the Direct Monitoring of Confined Crystallization within Nanoporous Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karol P. Nartowski
- School of Pharmacy; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Wroclaw Medical University; ul. Borowska 211 50-556 Wroclaw Poland
| | | | - Lucy E. Hawarden
- School of Pharmacy; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb; Reeds Lane Moreton Merseyside CH46 1QW UK
| | - Juraj Sibik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche A. G.; 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Dinu Iuga
- UK 850 MHz Solid-State NMR Facility, Department of Physics, Millburn House; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - László Fábián
- School of Pharmacy; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
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20
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Rashid AM, Batey SFD, Syson K, Koliwer-Brandl H, Miah F, Barclay JE, Findlay KC, Nartowski KP, Khimyak YZ, Kalscheuer R, Bornemann S. Assembly of α-Glucan by GlgE and GlgB in Mycobacteria and Streptomycetes. Biochemistry 2016; 55:3270-84. [PMID: 27221142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Actinomycetes, such as mycobacteria and streptomycetes, synthesize α-glucan with α-1,4 linkages and α-1,6 branching to help evade immune responses and to store carbon. α-Glucan is thought to resemble glycogen except for having shorter constituent linear chains. However, the fine structure of α-glucan and how it can be defined by the maltosyl transferase GlgE and branching enzyme GlgB were not known. Using a combination of enzymolysis and mass spectrometry, we compared the properties of α-glucan isolated from actinomycetes with polymer synthesized in vitro by GlgE and GlgB. We now propose the following assembly mechanism. Polymer synthesis starts with GlgE and its donor substrate, α-maltose 1-phosphate, yielding a linear oligomer with a degree of polymerization (∼16) sufficient for GlgB to introduce a branch. Branching involves strictly intrachain transfer to generate a C chain (the only constituent chain to retain its reducing end), which now bears an A chain (a nonreducing end terminal branch that does not itself bear a branch). GlgE preferentially extends A chains allowing GlgB to act iteratively to generate new A chains emanating from B chains (nonterminal branches that themselves bear a branch). Although extension and branching occur primarily with A chains, the other chain types are sometimes extended and branched such that some B chains (and possibly C chains) bear more than one branch. This occurs less frequently in α-glucans than in classical glycogens. The very similar properties of cytosolic and capsular α-glucans from Mycobacterium tuberculosis imply GlgE and GlgB are sufficient to synthesize them both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul M Rashid
- Biological Chemistry Department, John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Sibyl F D Batey
- Biological Chemistry Department, John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Syson
- Biological Chemistry Department, John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik Koliwer-Brandl
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, and Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Farzana Miah
- Biological Chemistry Department, John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - J Elaine Barclay
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Kim C Findlay
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Karol P Nartowski
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, and Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephen Bornemann
- Biological Chemistry Department, John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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21
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Abstract
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Orotic acid (OTA) is reported to
exist in the anhydrous (AH), monohydrate
(Hy1), and dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate (SDMSO) forms.
In this study we investigate the (de)hydration/desolvation behavior,
aiming at an understanding of the elusive structural features of anhydrous
OTA by a combination of experimental and computational techniques,
namely, thermal analytical methods, gravimetric moisture (de)sorption
studies, water activity measurements, X-ray powder diffraction, spectroscopy
(vibrational, solid-state NMR), crystal energy landscape, and chemical
shift calculations. The Hy1 is a highly stable hydrate, which dissociates
above 135 °C and loses only a small part of the water when stored
over desiccants (25 °C) for more than one year. In Hy1, orotic
acid and water molecules are linked by strong hydrogen bonds in nearly
perfectly planar arranged stacked layers. The layers are spaced by
3.1 Å and not linked via hydrogen bonds. Upon dehydration the
X-ray powder diffraction and solid-state NMR peaks become broader,
indicating some disorder in the anhydrous form. The Hy1 stacking reflection
(122) is maintained, suggesting that the OTA molecules are still arranged
in stacked layers in the dehydration product. Desolvation of SDMSO, a nonlayer structure, results in the same AH phase as
observed upon dehydrating Hy1. Depending on the desolvation conditions,
different levels of order–disorder of layers present in anhydrous
OTA are observed, which is also suggested by the computed low energy
crystal structures. These structures provide models for stacking faults
as intergrowth of different layers is possible. The variability in
anhydrate crystals is of practical concern as it affects the moisture
dependent stability of AH with respect to hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris E Braun
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck , Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karol P Nartowski
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia , Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia , Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth R Morris
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Analysis, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University-Brooklyn Campus , 75 DeKalb Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Stephen R Byrn
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University , 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Ulrich J Griesser
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck , Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Fábián L, Nartowski KP, Khimyak YZ. Molecular dynamics of supersaturated indometacin-nicotinamide solutions. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273315093250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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23
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Sarceviča I, Orola L, Nartowski KP, Khimyak YZ, Round AN, Fábián L. Mechanistic and Kinetic Insight into Spontaneous Cocrystallization of Isoniazid and Benzoic Acid. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2981-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inese Sarceviča
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Latvia, K.Valdemara street 48, Riga LV1013, Latvia
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Lia̅na Orola
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Latvia, K.Valdemara street 48, Riga LV1013, Latvia
| | - Karol P. Nartowski
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Yaroslav Z. Khimyak
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Andrew N. Round
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - László Fábián
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
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