1
|
Kölbel J, Anuschek ML, Stelzl I, Santitewagun S, Friess W, Zeitler JA. Dynamical Transition in Dehydrated Proteins. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3581-3590. [PMID: 38527099 PMCID: PMC11000241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the role of the dynamics of biomolecules decoupled from solvent effects. Lyophilized sucrose exhibited steadily increasing absorption with temperature as anharmonic excitations commenced as the system emerged from a deep minimum of the potential energy landscape where harmonic vibrations dominate. The polypeptide bacitracin and two globular proteins, lysozyme and human serum albumin, showed a more complex temperature dependence. Further analysis focused on the spectral signature below and above the boson peak. We found evidence of the onset of anharmonic motions that are characteristic for partial unfolding and molecular jamming in the dry biomolecules. The activation of modes of the protein molecules at temperatures comparable to the protein dynamical transition temperature was observed in the absence of hydration. No evidence of Fröhlich coherence, postulated to facilitate biological function, was found in our experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kölbel
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Moritz L. Anuschek
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Technology
and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians
Universität, Butenandtstrasse
5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ivonne Stelzl
- Department
of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Technology
and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians
Universität, Butenandtstrasse
5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Supawan Santitewagun
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Department
of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Technology
and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians
Universität, Butenandtstrasse
5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bawuah P, Evans M, Lura A, Farrell DJ, Barrie PJ, Kleinebudde P, Markl D, Zeitler JA. At-line porosity sensing for non-destructive disintegration testing in immediate release tablets. Int J Pharm X 2023; 5:100186. [PMID: 37396627 PMCID: PMC10314216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fully automated at-line terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in transmission mode is used to measure tablet porosity for thousands of immediate release tablets. The measurements are rapid and non-destructive. Both laboratory prepared tablets and commercial samples are studied. Multiple measurements on individual tablets quantify the random errors in the terahertz results. These show that the measurements of refractive index are precise, with the standard deviation on a single tablet being about 0.002, with variation between measurements being due to small errors in thickness measurement and from the resolution of the instrument. Six batches of 1000 tablets each were directly compressed using a rotary press. The tabletting turret speed (10 and 30 rpm) and compaction pressure (50, 100 and 200 MPa) were varied between the batches. As expected, the tablets compacted at the highest pressure have far lower porosity than those compacted at the lowest pressure. The turret rotation speed also has a significant effect on porosity. This variation in process parameters resulted in batches of tablets with an average porosity between 5.5 and 26.5%. Within each batch, there is a distribution of porosity values, the standard deviation of which is in the range 1.1 to 1.9%. Destructive measurements of disintegration time were performed in order to develop a predictive model correlating disintegration time and tablet porosity. Testing of the model suggested it was reasonable though there may be some small systematic errors in disintegration time measurement. The terahertz measurements further showed that there are changes in tablet properties after storage for nine months in ambient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prince Bawuah
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, UK
| | - Mike Evans
- TeraView Limited, 1, Enterprise, Cambridge Research Park, CB25 9PD Cambridge, UK
| | - Ard Lura
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Farrell
- TeraView Limited, 1, Enterprise, Cambridge Research Park, CB25 9PD Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick J. Barrie
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, UK
| | - Peter Kleinebudde
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Markl
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anuschek M, Kvistgaard Vilhelmsen T, Axel Zeitler J, Rantanen J. Towards simultaneous determination of tablet porosity and height by terahertz time-domain reflection spectroscopy. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123424. [PMID: 37722493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The quality control of pharmaceutical tablets is still based on testing small sample numbers using at- and off-line testing methods. Traditional in-process controls, such as tablet mass, height, mechanical strength, and disintegration time are time- and resource-consuming and poorly suited to support an effective transition towards continuous manufacturing. Another suitable parameter to monitor during production would be tablet porosity. Porosity can be linked to mechanical strength and disintegration but typically requires knowledge of tablet dimensions and mass. Tablet porosity measurements based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) offer a fast and non-destructive approach to in-process control testing for physical tablet properties. This study presents THz-TDS reflection measurements as an alternative to the previously reported transmission setup. It is shown that the proposed method can determine porosity based on the reflected amplitude from the tablet surface, but also allows for precise determination of tablet height in the same measurement. The tablet mass can be estimated by combining the height and porosity measurements. This opens up for the opportunity to determine the tablet's mechanical strength by using the possible correlation to the determined porosity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Anuschek
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk A/S, ET Oral Product Development, Måløv, Denmark.
| | | | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anuschek M, Skelbæk-Pedersen AL, Kvistgaard Vilhelmsen T, Skibsted E, Zeitler JA, Rantanen J. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for the investigation of tablets prepared from roller compacted granules. Int J Pharm 2023; 642:123165. [PMID: 37356510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Roller compaction before tableting is a common unit operation to increase the processability of powders. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has recently been introduced as a potential process analytical technology (PAT) for measuring tablet porosity based on the refractive index of the tablet. Tablet porosity is a governing parameter for tablet disintegration and dissolution. The first aim of this study was to investigate tablets prepared from roller-compacted materials with THz-TDS to explore its usefulness for particle size evaluation of granules in tablets. Secondly, the impact of roller compaction and granule size before tablet compression on the established THz-TDS based measurement of tablet porosity was investigated. Microcrystalline cellulose and α-lactose monohydrate were roller compacted separately at five specific compaction forces (2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 kN cm-1) and fractionated into three size fractions. Tablets were prepared from the fractionated and unfractionated granules at twelve tableting pressures and subjected to THz-TDS transmission measurements. It was possible to use the scattering behaviour of the tablets at terahertz frequencies to describe the granulated materials' particle size changes during tableting. At the same time, prediction of porosity was impaired due to the deviation of the refractive index in strongly scattering samples. A correction method was introduced in which the porosity error was corrected based on the tablet's scattering behaviour, resulting in an improved prediction of tablet porosity. In conclusion, THz-TDS is considered a promising technique for the process monitoring of tableting based on its sensitivity to porosity and particle size changes within the tablet non-destructively, with a possible application as part of an in-process control strategy of the tableting of granulated or non-granulated materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Anuschek
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; ET Oral Product Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Erik Skibsted
- ET Oral Product Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee J, Goodwin DJ, Dhenge RM, Nassar J, Bano G, Zeitler JA. Enhanced in-situ liquid transport investigation setup for pharmaceutical tablet disintegration analysis using terahertz radiation. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122726. [PMID: 36812951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The disintegration process of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms commences on contact with the dissolution medium and continues with subsequent spontaneous imbibition of the medium in the tablet matrix. Identifying the location of the liquid front in situ during imbibition, therefore, plays a significant role in understanding and modelling the disintegration process. Terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) technology can be used to investigate this process by its ability to penetrate and identify the liquid front in pharmaceutical tablets. However, previous studies were limited to samples suitable for a flow cell environment, i.e. flat cylindrical disk shapes; thus, most commercial tablets could only be measured with prior destructive sample preparation. This study presents a new experimental setup named open immersion to measure a wide range of pharmaceutical tablets in their intact form. Besides, a series of data processing techniques to extract subtle features of the advancing liquid front are designed and utilised, effectively increasing the maximum thickness of tablets that can be analysed. We used the new method and successfully measured the liquid ingress profiles for a set of oval convex tablets prepared from a complex eroding immediate-release formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel J Goodwin
- GSK Ware Research and Development, Park Road, SG12 0DP, Ware, UK
| | - Ranjit M Dhenge
- GSK Ware Research and Development, Park Road, SG12 0DP, Ware, UK
| | - Joelle Nassar
- GSK Ware Research and Development, Park Road, SG12 0DP, Ware, UK
| | - Gabriele Bano
- GSK Ware Research and Development, Park Road, SG12 0DP, Ware, UK
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stephens AD, Kölbel J, Moons R, Chung CW, Ruggiero MT, Mahmoudi N, Shmool TA, McCoy TM, Nietlispach D, Routh AF, Sobott F, Zeitler JA, Kaminski Schierle GS. Decreased Water Mobility Contributes To Increased α-Synuclein Aggregation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212063. [PMID: 36316279 PMCID: PMC10107867 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The solvation shell is essential for the folding and function of proteins, but how it contributes to protein misfolding and aggregation has still to be elucidated. We show that the mobility of solvation shell H2 O molecules influences the aggregation rate of the amyloid protein α-synuclein (αSyn), a protein associated with Parkinson's disease. When the mobility of H2 O within the solvation shell is reduced by the presence of NaCl, αSyn aggregation rate increases. Conversely, in the presence CsI the mobility of the solvation shell is increased and αSyn aggregation is reduced. Changing the solvent from H2 O to D2 O leads to increased aggregation rates, indicating a solvent driven effect. We show the increased aggregation rate is not directly due to a change in the structural conformations of αSyn, it is also influenced by a reduction in both the H2 O mobility and αSyn mobility. We propose that reduced mobility of αSyn contributes to increased aggregation by promoting intermolecular interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Kölbel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Rani Moons
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AntwerpBelgium
| | - Chyi Wei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Michael T. Ruggiero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of VermontUSA
| | | | - Talia A. Shmool
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Thomas M. McCoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | | | - Alexander F. Routh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Frank Sobott
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AntwerpBelgium
- The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsUK
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stephens AD, Kölbel J, Moons R, Chung CW, Ruggiero MT, Mahmoudi N, Shmool TA, McCoy TM, Nietlispach D, Routh AF, Sobott F, Zeitler JA, Kaminski Schierle GS. Decreased Water Mobility Contributes To Increased α-Synuclein Aggregation. Angew Chem Weinheim Bergstr Ger 2023; 135:e202212063. [PMID: 38516046 PMCID: PMC10952249 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The solvation shell is essential for the folding and function of proteins, but how it contributes to protein misfolding and aggregation has still to be elucidated. We show that the mobility of solvation shell H2O molecules influences the aggregation rate of the amyloid protein α-synuclein (αSyn), a protein associated with Parkinson's disease. When the mobility of H2O within the solvation shell is reduced by the presence of NaCl, αSyn aggregation rate increases. Conversely, in the presence CsI the mobility of the solvation shell is increased and αSyn aggregation is reduced. Changing the solvent from H2O to D2O leads to increased aggregation rates, indicating a solvent driven effect. We show the increased aggregation rate is not directly due to a change in the structural conformations of αSyn, it is also influenced by a reduction in both the H2O mobility and αSyn mobility. We propose that reduced mobility of αSyn contributes to increased aggregation by promoting intermolecular interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Kölbel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Rani Moons
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AntwerpBelgium
| | - Chyi Wei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Michael T. Ruggiero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of VermontUSA
| | | | - Talia A. Shmool
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Thomas M. McCoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | | | - Alexander F. Routh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Frank Sobott
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AntwerpBelgium
- The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsUK
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
This study demonstrates the applicability of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in evaluating the solid-state of the drug in selective laser sintering-based 3D printed dosage forms. Selective laser sintering is a powder bed-based 3D printing platform, which has recently demonstrated applicability in manufacturing amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) through a layer-by-layer fusion process. When formulating ASDs, it is critical to confirm the final solid state of the drug as residual crystallinity can alter the performance of the formulation. Moreover, SLS 3D printing does not involve the mixing of the components during the process, which can lead to partially amorphous systems causing reproducibility and storage stability problems along with possibilities of unwanted polymorphism. In this study, a previously investigated SLS 3D printed ASD was characterized using THz-TDS and compared with traditionally used solid-state characterization techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffractometry (pXRD). THz-TDS provided deeper insights into the solid state of the dosage forms and their properties. Moreover, THz-TDS was able to detect residual crystallinity in granules prepared using twin-screw granulation for the 3D printing process, which was undetectable by the DSC and XRD. THz-TDS can prove to be a useful tool in gaining deeper insights into the solid-state properties and further aid in predicting the stability of amorphous solid dispersions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supawan Santitewagun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Rishi Thakkar
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D printing Lab (PharmE3D), The Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D printing Lab (PharmE3D), The Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Q, Kölbel J, Davis MP, Korter TM, Bond AD, Threlfall T, Zeitler JA. In Situ Observation of the Structure of Crystallizing Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate Solutions with Terahertz Transmission Spectroscopy. Cryst Growth Des 2022; 22:3961-3972. [PMID: 35673396 PMCID: PMC9165030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in a transmission geometry combined with visual analysis was used to investigate the crystallization process of MgSO4 solution. Careful spectral analysis of both a feature at 1.6 THz and the overall magnitude of absorption allowed the extraction of information about the liquid phase before and during crystallization, aiding the investigation of solvation dynamics and the behavior of molecular species at phase boundaries. The method was reproducibly applied to a number of measurements on a series of solutions of three chosen concentrations at different temperatures. When increasing temperature at the end of the measurement, the dissolution of crystals was observed as well. The temperature-dependent absorption data of the semicrystalline systems were converted to the solvent concentrations using a recently developed method. Solutions of a series of concentrations were also investigated in the temperature range of 4-25 °C. The results were compared to the theoretical calculated values, and the consistent differences proved the existence of a hydration shell around the salt ions whose behavior is different from bulk water. Future work will focus on triggering nucleation at specific positions in order to study the very beginning of the crystallization process. MgSO4 heptahydrate is used as a model system in this study, while the concept and the setup can be applied to other systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Johanna Kölbel
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Margaret P. Davis
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-046 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Timothy M. Korter
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-046 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Andrew D. Bond
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Terrence Threlfall
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kölbel J, Li Q, Threlfall TL, Zeitler JA. Measuring Solute Concentration with Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy in Single and Multiphase Systems. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1713-1716. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kölbel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Terence L. Threlfall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Q, Bond AD, Korter TM, Zeitler JA. New Insights into the Crystallographic Disorder in the Polymorphic Forms of Aspirin from Low-Frequency Vibrational Analysis. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:227-234. [PMID: 34854685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is applied to two polymorphs of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), and the experimental spectra are compared to lattice dynamical calculations using high accuracy density functional theory. The calculations confirm that forms I and II have very close energetic and thermodynamic properties and also that they show similar spectral features in the far-infrared region, reflecting the high degree of similarity in their crystal structures. Unique vibrational modes are identified for each polymorph which allow them to be distinguished using THz-TDS measurements. The observation of spectral features attributable to both polymorphic forms in a single sample, however, provides further evidence to support the hypothesis that crystalline aspirin typically comprises intergrown domains of forms I and II. Differences observed in the baseline of the measured THz-TDS spectra indicate a greater degree of structural disorder in the samples of form II. Calculated Gibbs free-energy curves show a turning point at 75 K, inferring that form II is expected to be more stable than form I above this temperature as a result of its greater vibrational entropy. The calculations do not account for any differences in configurational entropy that may arise from expected structural defects. Further computational work on these structures, such as ab initio molecular dynamics, would be very useful to further explore this perspective. Here, aspirin is a model system to show how the additional insight from the low-frequency vibrational information complements the structural data and allows for quantitative thermodynamic information of pharmaceutical polymorphs to be extracted. The methodology is directly applicable to other polymorphic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Andrew D Bond
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Timothy M Korter
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Paiva EM, Li Q, Zaczek AJ, Pereira CF, Rohwedder JJR, Zeitler JA. Understanding the Metastability of Theophylline FIII by Means of Low-Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3578-3587. [PMID: 34428059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While theophylline has been extensively studied with multiple polymorphs discovered, there is still currently no conclusive structure for the metastable theophylline form III. In this present work, by combining more widely used techniques such as X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis with more emerging techniques like low-frequency Raman and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, to analyze the structure and dynamics of a crystalline system, it was possible to provide further evidence that the form III structure has a theophylline monohydrate structure with the water molecules removed. Solid-state density functional theory simulations were paramount in proving that this proposed structure is correct and explain how vibrational modes within the crystal structures feature and govern polymorphic transitions and the metastable form III. Through the insight provided by both simulated and experimental results, it was possible to decisively conclude the elusive crystal structure of theophylline form III. It was also shown that the correct space group for theophylline monohydrate is not P21/n but, in fact, Pc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Maia Paiva
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas-Unicamp, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 290, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Zaczek
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Claudete F Pereira
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, Recife 50740-560, PE, Brazil
| | | | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hempel NJ, Knopp MM, Zeitler JA, Berthelsen R, Löbmann K. Microwave-Induced in Situ Drug Amorphization Using a Mixture of Polyethylene Glycol and Polyvinylpyrrolidone. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3221-3229. [PMID: 34022194 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was investigated for microwave-induced in situ amorphization of celecoxib (CCX) inside compacts. Such amorphization requires the presence of a dipolar excipient in the formulation to ensure heating of the compact by absorption of the microwaves. Previously, the hygroscopic nature of PVP was exploited for this purpose. By exposing PVP-based compacts for set time intervals at defined relative humidity, controlled water sorption into the compacts was achieved. In the present study, PEG was proposed as the microwave absorbing excipient instead of water, to avoid the water sorption step. However, it was found that PEG alone melted upon exposure to microwave radiation and caused the compact to deform. Furthermore, CCX was found to recrystallize upon cooling in PEG-based formulations. Hence, a mixture of PEG and PVP was used, where the presence of PVP preserved the physical shape of the compact, and the physical state of the amorphous solid dispersion. To study the impact of the polymer mixture, different compact compositions of CCX, PEG and PVP were prepared. When exposing the compacts to microwave radiation, it was found that the PEG:PVP ratio was critical for in situ amorphization and that complete amorphization was only achieved above a certain temperature threshold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Ragna Berthelsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dong R, DiNunzio JC, Regler BP, Wasylaschuk W, Socia A, Zeitler JA. Insights into the Control of Drug Release from Complex Immediate Release Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:933. [PMID: 34201663 PMCID: PMC8308816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of water transport into tablets, and how it can be controlled by the formulation as well as the tablet microstructure, are of central importance in order to design and control the dissolution and drug release process, especially for immediate release tablets. This research employed terahertz pulsed imaging to measure the process of water penetrating through tablets using a flow cell. Tablets were prepared over a range of porosity between 10% to 20%. The formulations consist of two drugs (MK-8408: ruzasvir as a spray dried intermediate, and MK-3682: uprifosbuvir as a crystalline drug substance) and NaCl (0% to 20%) at varying levels of concentrations as well as other excipients. A power-law model is found to fit the liquid penetration exceptionally well (average R2>0.995). For each formulation, the rate of water penetration, extent of swelling and the USP dissolution rate were compared. A factorial analysis then revealed that the tablet porosity was the dominating factor for both liquid penetration and dissolution. NaCl more significantly influenced liquid penetration due to osmotic driving force as well as gelling suppression, but there appears to be little difference when NaCl loading in the formulation increases from 5% to 10%. The level of spray dried intermediate was observed to further limit the release of API in dissolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runqiao Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK;
| | - James C. DiNunzio
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA; (J.C.D.); (B.P.R.); (W.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Brian P. Regler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA; (J.C.D.); (B.P.R.); (W.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Walter Wasylaschuk
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA; (J.C.D.); (B.P.R.); (W.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Adam Socia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA; (J.C.D.); (B.P.R.); (W.W.); (A.S.)
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
![]()
In
the field of non-destructive testing, terahertz sensing has
been used to analyze a wide range of materials where the most successful
applications have involved materials that are semi-transparent to
terahertz radiation. In this work, we demonstrate the sensitivity
of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to quantify water absorption
in hygrothermally aged simple and commercial epoxy systems supported
by conventional gravimetric analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hungyen Lin
- Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Gillow Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin P Russell
- Experimental Materials Science, Hexcel Composites Ltd., Ickleton Road, Duxford CB22 4QB, United Kingdom
| | - Prince Bawuah
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi‐Maria Moysidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Mohammed Al‐Sharabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Aimee M. Withers
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Róisín M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Al-Sharabi M, Markl D, Vivacqua V, Bawuah P, MacLean N, Bentley M, York AP, Marigo M, Huang K, Zeitler JA. Terahertz pulsed imaging as a new method for investigating the liquid transport kinetics of α-alumina powder compacts. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
Bawuah P, Markl D, Turner A, Evans M, Portieri A, Farrell D, Lucas R, Anderson A, Goodwin DJ, Zeitler JA. A Fast and Non-destructive Terahertz Dissolution Assay for Immediate Release Tablets. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:2083-2092. [PMID: 33307044 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a clear need for a robust process analytical technology tool that can be used for on-line/in-line prediction of dissolution and disintegration characteristics of pharmaceutical tablets during manufacture. Tablet porosity is a reliable and fundamental critical quality attribute which controls key mass transport mechanisms that govern disintegration and dissolution behavior. A measurement protocol was developed to measure the total porosity of a large number of tablets in transmission without the need for any sample preparation. By using this fast and non-destructive terahertz spectroscopy method it is possible to predict the disintegration and dissolution of drug from a tablet in less than a second per sample without the need of a chemometric model. The validity of the terahertz porosity method was established across a range of immediate release (IR) formulations of ibuprofen and indomethacin tablets of varying geometries as well as with and without debossing. Excellent correlation was observed between the measured terahertz porosity, dissolution characteristics (time to release 50% drug content) and disintegration time for all samples. These promising results and considering the robustness of the terahertz method pave the way for a fully automated at-line/on-line porosity sensor for real time release testing of IR tablets dissolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prince Bawuah
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Markl
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow, UK; EPSRC Future Manufacturing Research Hub for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alice Turner
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow, UK; The CMAC National Facility, The EPSRC CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, The Technology and Innovation Centre, The University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Mike Evans
- TeraView Limited, 1, Enterprise, Cambridge Research Park, CB25 9PD Cambridge, UK
| | - Alessia Portieri
- TeraView Limited, 1, Enterprise, Cambridge Research Park, CB25 9PD Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Farrell
- TeraView Limited, 1, Enterprise, Cambridge Research Park, CB25 9PD Cambridge, UK
| | - Ralph Lucas
- Huxley Bertram Engineering Ltd, 53 Pembroke Avenue, Waterbeach, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Anderson
- GSK, David Jack Centre, Research and Development, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Daniel J Goodwin
- GSK, David Jack Centre, Research and Development, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Alqahtani F, Belton P, Zhang B, Al-Sharabi M, Ross S, Mithu MSH, Douroumis D, Zeitler JA, Qi S. An investigation into the formations of the internal microstructures of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 155:147-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
20
|
Hutereau M, Banks PA, Slater B, Zeitler JA, Bond AD, Ruggiero MT. Resolving Anharmonic Lattice Dynamics in Molecular Crystals with X-Ray Diffraction and Terahertz Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:103001. [PMID: 32955315 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular crystals are increasingly being used for advanced applications, ranging from pharmaceutics to organic electronics, with their utility dictated by a combination of their three-dimensional structures and molecular dynamics-with anharmonicity in the low-frequency vibrations crucial to numerous bulk phenomena. Through the use of temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, the structures and dynamics of a pair of isomeric molecular crystals exhibiting nearly free rotation of a CF_{3} functional group at ambient conditions are fully characterized. Using a recently developed solid-state anharmonic vibrational correction, and applying it to a molecular crystal for the first time, the temperature-dependent spatial displacements of atoms along particular terahertz modes are obtained, and are found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental observations, including the assignment of a previously unexplained absorption feature in the low-frequency spectrum of one of the solids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hutereau
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A Banks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| | - Ben Slater
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Bond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Ruggiero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Skelbæk-Pedersen AL, Anuschek M, Vilhelmsen TK, Rantanen J, Zeitler JA. Non-destructive quantification of fragmentation within tablets after compression from scattering analysis of terahertz transmission measurements. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119769. [PMID: 32798593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Material deformation behaviour has a critical impact on tablet formation. Fragmentation is one of the key mechanisms affecting the strength of a final compact, however, quantitative methods for estimating fragmentation are often complex, destructive and time-consuming. The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to quantify fragmentation upon tableting. Up to five size fractions of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), dibasic calcium phosphate (DCP), and lactose monohydrate (lactose) in the range of <125 µm up to the range of 355-500 µm were compressed into tablets and analysed with THz-TDS. The effective refractive index and absorbance spectra of whole tablets were measured in transmission, and the optical properties were clearly affected by fragmentation upon compression. The scattering observed from the absorbance spectra was fitted into a power law equation (y = AνB). It was observed that up to pressures of 50 MPa the values of parameter A that were extracted from the power law fit decreased exponentially with increasing compression pressure. For higher compression pressures the value of A remained constant. This observation was more pronounced for DCP, followed by lactose and then MCC and the effect was more pronounced for larger compared to smaller initial particles. The non-destructive measurements correlated with previously obtained results based on particle size distribution measurements of the particles before compression and those obtained from destructive analysis of tablets. The terahertz method can resolve similar differences in fragmentation behaviour upon compression compared to the particle size analysis but requires no sample preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Linnet Skelbæk-Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Oral Pilot and Process Development, Måløv, Denmark; Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Moritz Anuschek
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Batens M, Shmool TA, Massant J, Zeitler JA, Van den Mooter G. Advancing predictions of protein stability in the solid state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17247-17254. [PMID: 32685957 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00341g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The β-relaxation associated with the sub-glass transition temperature (Tg,β) is attributed to fast, localised molecular motions which can occur below the primary glass transition temperature (Tg,α). Consistent with Tg,β being observed well-below storage temperatures, the β-relaxation associated motions have been hypothesised to influence protein stability in the solid state and could thus impact the quality of e.g. protein powders for inhalation or reconstitution and injection. Why then do distinct solid state protein formulations with similar aggregation profiles after drying and immediate reconstitution, display different profiles when reconstituted following prolonged storage? Is the value of Tg,β, associated with the β-relaxation process of the system, a reliable parameter for characterising the behaviour of proteins in the solid state? Bearing this in mind, in this work we further explore the different relaxation dynamics of glassy solid state monoclonal antibody formulations using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and dynamical mechanical analysis. By conducting a 52 week stability study on a series of multi-component spray-dried formulations, an approach for characterising and analysing the solid state dynamics and how these relate to protein stability is outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Batens
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Skelbæk-Pedersen AL, Al-Sharabi M, Vilhelmsen TK, Rantanen J, Zeitler JA. Effect of particle size and deformation behaviour on water ingress into tablets. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119645. [PMID: 32679259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug release performance of tablets is often highly dependent on disintegration, and water ingress is typically the rate-limiting step of the disintegration process. Water ingress into tablets is known to be highly influenced by the microstructure of the tablet, particularly tablet porosity. Initial particle size distribution of the formulation and the predominant powder deformation behaviour during compression are expected to impact such microstructure, making both factors important to investigate in relation to water ingress into tablets. Two size fractions (<125 and 355-500 µm) of plastically deforming microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and fragmenting di-calcium phosphate (DCP) were compressed into tablets with porosities ranging from 5 to 30% (with 5% increments). The total porosity of the tablets was measured using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and liquid transport into these tablets was quantified using a flow cell coupled to terahertz pulsed imaging. It was found that tablets compressed from large MCC particles resulted in slower water ingress compared to tablets prepared from small MCC particles. In contrast, no difference in liquid transport kinetics was observed for tablets prepared across both size fractions of DCP particles. These results highlight the complex interplay between material characteristics, the process induced microstructure, and the liquid transport process that ultimately determines the drug release performance of the tablets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Linnet Skelbæk-Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Oral Pilot and Process Development, Måløv, Denmark; Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mohammed Al-Sharabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Al-Sharabi M, Markl D, Mudley T, Bawuah P, Karttunen AP, Ridgway C, Gane P, Ketolainen J, Peiponen KE, Rades T, Zeitler JA. Simultaneous investigation of the liquid transport and swelling performance during tablet disintegration. Int J Pharm 2020; 584:119380. [PMID: 32407939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fast disintegrating tablets have commonly been used for fast oral drug delivery to patients with swallowing difficulties. The different characteristics of the pore structure of such formulations influence the liquid transport through the tablet and hence affect the disintegration time and the release of the drug in the body. In this work, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and terahertz pulsed imaging were used as promising analytical techniques to quantitatively analyse the impact of the structural properties on the liquid uptake and swelling rates upon contact with the dissolution medium. Both the impact of porosity and formulation were investigated for theophylline and paracetamol based tablets. The drug substances were either formulated with functionalised calcium carbonate (FCC) with porosities of 45% and 60% or with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with porosities of 10% and 25%. The terahertz results reveal that the rate of liquid uptake is clearly influenced by the porosity of the tablets with a faster liquid transport observed for tablets with higher porosity, indicating that the samples exhibit structural similarity in respect to pore connectivity and pore size distribution characteristics in respect to permeability. The swelling of the FCC based tablets is fully controlled by the amount of disintegrant, whereas the liquid uptake is driven by the FCC material and the interparticle pores created during compaction. The MCC based formulations are more complex as the MCC significantly contributes to the overall tablet swelling. An increase in swelling with increasing porosity is observed in these tablets, which indicates that such formulations are performance-limited by their ability to take up liquid. Investigating the effect of the microstructure characteristics on the liquid transport and swelling kinetics is of great importance for reaching the next level of understanding of the drug delivery, and, depending on the surface nature of the pore carrier function, in turn controlling the performance of the drug mainly in respect to dissolution in the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Sharabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Daniel Markl
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, UK; EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, UK
| | - Theona Mudley
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Prince Bawuah
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Anssi-Pekka Karttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Promis Centre, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Cathy Ridgway
- Omya International AG, Forschackerstrasse 6, CH 4622 Egerkingen, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Gane
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jarkko Ketolainen
- School of Pharmacy, Promis Centre, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai-Erik Peiponen
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Markl D, Warman M, Dumarey M, Bergman EL, Folestad S, Shi Z, Manley LF, Goodwin DJ, Zeitler JA. Review of real-time release testing of pharmaceutical tablets: State-of-the art, challenges and future perspective. Int J Pharm 2020; 582:119353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
26
|
Alves-Lima D, Song J, Li X, Portieri A, Shen Y, Zeitler JA, Lin H. Review of Terahertz Pulsed Imaging for Pharmaceutical Film Coating Analysis. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20051441. [PMID: 32155785 PMCID: PMC7085697 DOI: 10.3390/s20051441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) was introduced approximately fifteen years ago and has attracted a lot of interest in the pharmaceutical industry as a fast, non-destructive modality for quantifying film coatings on pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this topical review, we look back at the use of TPI for analysing pharmaceutical film coatings, highlighting the main contributions made and outlining the key challenges ahead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Décio Alves-Lima
- Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK; (D.A.-L.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK; (D.A.-L.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
- Department of Information Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK; (D.A.-L.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Alessia Portieri
- TeraView Ltd., 1, Enterprise Cambridge Research Park, Cambridge CB25 9PD, UK;
| | - Yaochun Shen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK;
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK;
| | - Hungyen Lin
- Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK; (D.A.-L.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hempel NJ, Knopp MM, Berthelsen R, Zeitler JA, Löbmann K. The influence of drug and polymer particle size on the in situ amorphization using microwave irradiation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 149:77-84. [PMID: 32035238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of drug and polymer particle size on the in situ amorphization using microwave irradiation at a frequency of 2.45 GHz were investigated. Using ball milling and sieve fractioning, the crystalline drug celecoxib (CCX) and the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were divided into two particle size fractions, i.e. small (<71 µm) and large (>71 µm) particles. Subsequently, compacts containing a drug load of 30% (w/w) crystalline CCX in PVP were prepared and subjected to microwave radiation for an accumulated duration of 600 sec in intervals of 60 sec as well as continuously for 600 sec. It was found that the compacts containing small CCX particles displayed faster rates of amorphization and a higher degree of amorphization during microwave irradiation as compared to the compacts containing large CCX particles. For compacts with small CCX particles, interval exposure to microwave radiation resulted in a maximum degree of amorphization of 24%, whilst a fully amorphous solid dispersion (100%) was achieved after 600 sec of continuous exposure to microwave radiation. By monitoring the temperature in the core of the compacts during exposure to microwave radiation using a fiber optic temperature probe, it was found that the total exposure time above the glass transition temperature (Tg) was shorter for the interval exposure method compared to continuous exposure to microwave radiation. Therefore, it is proposed that the in situ formation of an amorphous solid dispersion is governed by the dissolution of drug into the polymer, which most likely is accelerated above the Tg of the compacts. Hence, prolonging the exposure time above the Tg, and increasing the surface area of the drug by particle size reduction will increase the dissolution rate and thus, rate and degree of amorphization of CCX during exposure to microwave radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ragna Berthelsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Winde F, Backhaus K, Zeitler JA, Schlegel N, Meyer T. Bladder Augmentation Using Lyoplant ®: First Experimental Results in Rats. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:645-652. [PMID: 31824826 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital defects of the urinary bladder (micro- or contracted bladder, bladder exstrophy) remain a challenging problem for pediatric surgeons. Even when conservative treatment options are fully exhausted, irreversible renal dysfunction can be observed in a large number of cases that can even lead to chronic renal failure and the need for kidney transplantation. To protect kidney function bladder augmentation using intestinal tissue is commonly applied as the standard treatment method. However due to the unphysiological nature of intestinal tissue a number of problems and complications such as urinary tract infections or bladder stone formation limit the clinical success of this approach. Moreover a number of substitutes for the implementation of a bladder augmentation have been tested without success to date. Here we used an experimental model to test wether the biocompatible collagen mesh Lyoplant may be a suitable candidate for bladder augmentation. Methods We implanted a biocompatible collagen mesh (Lyoplant®) in a bladder defect rat model for bladder augmentation (Lyoplant®-group: n = 12; sham group n = 4). After 6 weeks the abdomen was reopened and the initial implant as well as the bladder were resected for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Results All but one rat exhibited physiological growth and behaviour after the operation without differences between the Lyoplant®-group (n = 12) and the sham group (n = 3). One rat from the sham group had to be excluded because of a suture leakage. No wound healing complications, wound infections and no herniation were observed. After 5 weeks the implants showed an adequate incorporation in all cases. This was confirmed by immunohistological analyses where a significant cell infiltration and neovascularization was observed. Conclusion In summary, Lyoplant® appears to be a promising tool in experimental bladder augmentation/regeneration in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Winde
- 1Pediatric Surgery-, Pediatric Trauma - and Pediatric Urology Unit, Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplant-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K Backhaus
- 1Pediatric Surgery-, Pediatric Trauma - and Pediatric Urology Unit, Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplant-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J A Zeitler
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N Schlegel
- 3Experimental Surgery Unit, Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplant-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Th Meyer
- 1Pediatric Surgery-, Pediatric Trauma - and Pediatric Urology Unit, Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplant-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schweicher G, D'Avino G, Ruggiero MT, Harkin DJ, Broch K, Venkateshvaran D, Liu G, Richard A, Ruzié C, Armstrong J, Kennedy AR, Shankland K, Takimiya K, Geerts YH, Zeitler JA, Fratini S, Sirringhaus H. Chasing the "Killer" Phonon Mode for the Rational Design of Low-Disorder, High-Mobility Molecular Semiconductors. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1902407. [PMID: 31512304 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular vibrations play a critical role in the charge transport properties of weakly van der Waals bonded organic semiconductors. To understand which specific phonon modes contribute most strongly to the electron-phonon coupling and ensuing thermal energetic disorder in some of the most widely studied high-mobility molecular semiconductors, state-of-the-art quantum mechanical simulations of the vibrational modes and the ensuing electron-phonon coupling constants are combined with experimental measurements of the low-frequency vibrations using inelastic neutron scattering and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. In this way, the long-axis sliding motion is identified as a "killer" phonon mode, which in some molecules contributes more than 80% to the total thermal disorder. Based on this insight, a way to rationalize mobility trends between different materials and derive important molecular design guidelines for new high-mobility molecular semiconductors is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Schweicher
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Gabriele D'Avino
- Institut Néel-CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Boîte Postale 166, F-38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Michael T Ruggiero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - David J Harkin
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Katharina Broch
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Deepak Venkateshvaran
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Guoming Liu
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Audrey Richard
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe CP206/01, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Ruzié
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe CP206/01, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeff Armstrong
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Kenneth Shankland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- Emergent Molecular Function Research Group, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yves H Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe CP206/01, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Simone Fratini
- Institut Néel-CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Boîte Postale 166, F-38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shmool TA, Batens M, Massant J, Van den Mooter G, Zeitler JA. Tracking solid state dynamics in spray-dried protein powders at infrared and terahertz frequencies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 144:244-251. [PMID: 31546022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Talia A Shmool
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten Batens
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Massant
- Biological Formulation Development, UCB Pharma, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hou J, Sutrisna PD, Wang T, Gao S, Li Q, Zhou C, Sun S, Yang HC, Wei F, Ruggiero MT, Zeitler JA, Cheetham AK, Liang K, Chen V. Unraveling the Interfacial Structure-Performance Correlation of Flexible Metal-Organic Framework Membranes on Polymeric Substrates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:5570-5577. [PMID: 30628780 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pure metal-organic framework (MOF) layers deposited on porous supports are important candidates for molecular sieving membranes, but their performance usually deviates from theoretical estimations. Here, we combine step-wise scanning electron microscopy imaging, time-resolved synchrotron X-ray scattering, terahertz infrared spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculation to investigate the ZIF-8 membrane formation on two types (polydopamine and TiO2) of functionalized porous supports. Though molecular sieving of ZIF-8 membranes for smaller gases (He, H2, and CO2) can be achieved with both types of functionalized supports, we unravel that the strong interaction between MOF and polydopamine can disrupt the formation of "perfect" MOF crystals at the interface, leading to a "contracted" MOF structure with partially uncoordinated imidazolate ligands. This further affects the low-frequency dynamical parameters of the framework and inhibits the effective seeded growth. Eventually, it leads to an unexpected loss of selectivity for the bulkier gases (N2 and CH4) for ZIF-8 on polydopamine-functionalized supports. This work links the dynamical aspects of MOFs with their gas transport behavior and highlights the importance of regulating the interfacial weak forces to preserve the ideal molecular sieving efficiency of MOF membranes, which also provides guidance for defect engineering of MOF film fabrication for sensing and electronic devices beyond membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shijing Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge 02139 , Massachusetts , United States
| | - Hao-Cheng Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai 519082 , China
| | | | - Michael T Ruggiero
- Department of Chemistry , University of Vermont , Burlington 05405 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Vicki Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of Queensland , St Lucia 4072 , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stranzinger S, Faulhammer E, Li J, Dong R, Khinast JG, Zeitler JA, Markl D. Measuring bulk density variations in a moving powder bed via terahertz in-line sensing. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
33
|
Stranzinger S, Faulhammer E, Li J, Dong R, Zeitler JA, Biserni S, Calzolari V, Khinast JG, Markl D. Predicting capsule fill weight from in-situ powder density measurements using terahertz reflection technology. Int J Pharm X 2019; 1:100004. [PMID: 31517269 PMCID: PMC6733302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2018.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The manufacturing of the majority of solid oral dosage forms is based on the densification of powder. A good understanding of the powder behavior is therefore essential to assure high quality drug products. This is particularly relevant for the capsule filling process, where the powder bulk density plays an important role in controlling the fill weight and weight variability of the final product. In this study we present a novel approach to quantitatively measure bulk density variations in a rotating container by means of terahertz reflection technology. The terahertz reflection probe was used to measure the powder density using an experimental setup that mimics a lab-scale capsule filling machine including a static sampling tool. Three different grades of α-lactose monohydrate excipients specially designed for inhalation application were systematically investigated at five compression stages. Relative densities predicted from terahertz reflection measurements were correlated to off-line weight measurements of the collected filled capsules. The predictions and the measured weights of the powder in the capsules were in excellent agreement, where the relative density measurements of Lactohale 200 showed the strongest correlation with the respective fill weight (R2=0.995). We also studied how the density uniformity of the powder bed was impacted by the dosing process and the subsequent filling of the holes (with excipient powder), which were introduced in the powder bed after the dosing step. Even though the holes seemed to be filled with new powder (by visual inspection), the relative density in these specific segments were found to clearly differ from the undisturbed powder bed state prior to dosing. The results demonstrate that it is feasible to analyze powder density variations in a rotating container by means of terahertz reflection measurements and to predict the fill weight of collected capsules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Stranzinger
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Graz University of Technology, Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Faulhammer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK
| | - Runqiao Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefano Biserni
- MG2, Via del Savena, 18. I-40065 Pian di Macina di Pianoro, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calzolari
- MG2, Via del Savena, 18. I-40065 Pian di Macina di Pianoro, Bologna, Italy
| | - Johannes G Khinast
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Graz University of Technology, Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Markl
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, UK.,EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The mechanical properties of an amorphous copolymer are directly related to the dynamic processes occurring at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talia A. Shmool
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0AS
- UK
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0AS
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pei C, Lin H, Markl D, Shen YC, Zeitler JA, Elliott JA. A quantitative comparison of in-line coating thickness distributions obtained from a pharmaceutical tablet mixing process using discrete element method and terahertz pulsed imaging. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
36
|
Shalaev E, Soper A, Zeitler JA, Ohtake S, Roberts CJ, Pikal MJ, Wu K, Boldyreva E. Freezing of Aqueous Solutions and Chemical Stability of Amorphous Pharmaceuticals: Water Clusters Hypothesis. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:36-49. [PMID: 30055227 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mobility has been traditionally invoked to explain physical and chemical stability of diverse pharmaceutical systems. Although the molecular mobility concept has been credited with creating a scientific basis for stabilization of amorphous pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, it has become increasingly clear that this approach represents only a partial description of the underlying fundamental principles. An additional mechanism is proposed herein to address 2 key questions: (1) the existence of unfrozen water (i.e., partial or complete freezing inhibition) in aqueous solutions at subzero temperatures and (2) the role of water in the chemical stability of amorphous pharmaceuticals. These apparently distant phenomena are linked via the concept of water clusters. In particular, freezing inhibition is associated with the confinement of water clusters in a solidified matrix of an amorphous solute, with nanoscaled water clusters being observed in aqueous glasses using wide-angle neutron scattering. The chemical instability is suggested to be directly related to the catalysis of proton transfer by water clusters, considering that proton transfer is the key elementary reaction in many chemical processes, including such common reactions as hydrolysis and deamidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenyi Shalaev
- Pharmaceutical Development, Allergan plc., Irvine, California 92612.
| | - Alan Soper
- ISIS Facility, UKRI-STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 OQX, UK
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Satoshi Ohtake
- Pfizer BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chesterfield, Missouri 63198
| | | | - Michael J Pikal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Ke Wu
- Pharmaceutical Development, Allergan plc., Irvine, California 92612
| | - Elena Boldyreva
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ruggiero MT, Zhang W, Bond AD, Mittleman DM, Zeitler JA. Uncovering the Connection Between Low-Frequency Dynamics and Phase Transformation Phenomena in Molecular Solids. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:196002. [PMID: 29799217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.196002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The low-frequency motions of molecules in the condensed phase have been shown to be vital to a large number of physical properties and processes. However, in the case of disordered systems, it is often difficult to elucidate the atomic-level details surrounding these phenomena. In this work, we have performed an extensive experimental and computational study on the molecular solid camphor, which exhibits a rich and complex structure-dynamics relationship, and undergoes an order-disorder transition near ambient conditions. The combination of x-ray diffraction, variable temperature and pressure terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, ab initio molecular dynamics, and periodic density functional theory calculations enables a complete picture of the phase transition to be obtained, inclusive of mechanistic, structural, and thermodynamic phenomena. Additionally, the low-frequency vibrations of a disordered solid are characterized for the first time with atomic-level precision, uncovering a clear link between such motions and the phase transformation. Overall, this combination of methods allows for significant details to be obtained for disordered solids and the associated transformations, providing a framework that can be directly applied for a wide range of similar systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Ruggiero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Andrew D Bond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Mittleman
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bawuah P, Karttunen AP, Markl D, Ridgway C, Korhonen O, Gane P, Zeitler JA, Ketolainen J, Peiponen KE. Investigating elastic relaxation effects on the optical properties of functionalised calcium carbonate compacts using optics-based Heckel analysis. Int J Pharm 2018; 544:278-284. [PMID: 29689369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Heckel analysis is a widely used method for the characterisation of the compression behaviour of pharmaceutical samples during the preparation of solid dosage formulations. The present study introduces an optical version of the Heckel equation that is based on a combination of the conventional Heckel equation together with the linear relationship defined between the effective terahertz (THz) refractive index and the porosity of pharmaceutical tablets. The proposed optical Heckel equation allows us to, firstly, calculate the zero-porosity refractive index, and, secondly, predict the in-die development of the effective refractive index as a function of the compressive pressure during tablet compression. This was demonstrated for five batches of highly porous functionalised calcium carbonate (FCC) excipient compacts. The close match observed between the estimated in-die effective refractive index and the measured/out-of-die effective THz refractive index supports the validity of the proposed form of the equation. By comparing the measured and estimated in-die tablet properties, a clear change in the porosity and hence, the effective refractive index, due to post-compression elastic relaxation of the FCC compacts, has been observed. We have, therefore, proposed a THz-based compaction setup that will permit in-line monitoring of processes during tablet compression. We envisage that this new approach in tracking powder properties introduced in this preliminary study will lead to the onset of further extensive and detailed future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prince Bawuah
- School of Pharmacy, Promis Centre, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1617, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anssi-Pekka Karttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Promis Centre, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1617, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Daniel Markl
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Ridgway
- Omya International AG, CH-4665 Oftringen, Switzerland
| | - Ossi Korhonen
- School of Pharmacy, Promis Centre, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1617, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Patrick Gane
- Omya International AG, CH-4665 Oftringen, Switzerland; Aalto University, Chemical Engineering, Bioproducts and Biosystems, FI-00076 Aalto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jarkko Ketolainen
- School of Pharmacy, Promis Centre, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1617, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai-Erik Peiponen
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Markl D, Wang P, Ridgway C, Karttunen AP, Bawuah P, Ketolainen J, Gane P, Peiponen KE, Zeitler JA. Resolving the rapid water absorption of porous functionalised calcium carbonate powder compacts by terahertz pulsed imaging. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
40
|
Kissi EO, Grohganz H, Löbmann K, Ruggiero MT, Zeitler JA, Rades T. Glass-Transition Temperature of the β-Relaxation as the Major Predictive Parameter for Recrystallization of Neat Amorphous Drugs. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2803-2808. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ofosu Kissi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Holger Grohganz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael T. Ruggiero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Markl D, Strobel A, Schlossnikl R, Bøtker J, Bawuah P, Ridgway C, Rantanen J, Rades T, Gane P, Peiponen KE, Zeitler JA. Characterisation of pore structures of pharmaceutical tablets: A review. Int J Pharm 2018; 538:188-214. [PMID: 29341913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the development of a new solid dosage form is formulation-driven and less focus is put on the design of a specific microstructure for the drug delivery system. However, the compaction process particularly impacts the microstructure, or more precisely, the pore architecture in a pharmaceutical tablet. Besides the formulation, the pore structure is a major contributor to the overall performance of oral solid dosage forms as it directly affects the liquid uptake rate, which is the very first step of the dissolution process. In future, additive manufacturing is a potential game changer to design the inner structures and realise a tailor-made pore structure. In pharmaceutical development the pore structure is most commonly only described by the total porosity of the tablet matrix. Yet it is of great importance to consider other parameters to fully resolve the interplay between microstructure and dosage form performance. Specifically, tortuosity, connectivity, as well as pore shape, size and orientation all impact the flow paths and play an important role in describing the fluid flow in a pharmaceutical tablet. This review presents the key properties of the pore structures in solid dosage forms and it discusses how to measure these properties. In particular, the principles, advantages and limitations of helium pycnometry, mercury porosimetry, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray computed microtomography are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Markl
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK.
| | - Alexa Strobel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK
| | - Rüdiger Schlossnikl
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK
| | - Johan Bøtker
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Prince Bawuah
- School of Pharmacy, Promis Centre, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1617, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Cathy Ridgway
- Omya International AG, CH-4665 Oftringen, Switzerland
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick Gane
- Omya International AG, CH-4665 Oftringen, Switzerland; School of Chemical Technology, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai-Erik Peiponen
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Novikova A, Markl D, Zeitler JA, Rades T, Leopold CS. A non-destructive method for quality control of the pellet distribution within a MUPS tablet by terahertz pulsed imaging. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 111:549-555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
43
|
Li Q, Zaczek AJ, Korter TM, Zeitler JA, Ruggiero MT. Methyl-rotation dynamics in metal–organic frameworks probed with terahertz spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5776-5779. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02650e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In ZIF-8 and its cobalt analogue ZIF-67, the imidazolate methyl-groups, which point directly into the void space, have been shown to freely rotate – even down to cryogenic temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge
- Philippa Fawcett Drive
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Adam J. Zaczek
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University
- 1-014 Center for Science and Technology
- Syracuse
- USA
| | - Timothy M. Korter
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University
- 1-014 Center for Science and Technology
- Syracuse
- USA
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge
- Philippa Fawcett Drive
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Michael T. Ruggiero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge
- Philippa Fawcett Drive
- Cambridge
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ruggiero MT, Kölbel J, Li Q, Zeitler JA. Predicting the structures and associated phase transition mechanisms in disordered crystals via a combination of experimental and theoretical methods. Faraday Discuss 2018; 211:425-439. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00042e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Experimental terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and theoretical solid-state ab initio density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations are used to elucidate the structures, dynamics, and phase transformation processes of molecular crystals undergoing a solid-state order–disorder transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Ruggiero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Johanna Kölbel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Markl D, Bawuah P, Ridgway C, van den Ban S, Goodwin DJ, Ketolainen J, Gane P, Peiponen KE, Zeitler JA. Fast and non-destructive pore structure analysis using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Int J Pharm 2017; 537:102-110. [PMID: 29247699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical tablets are typically manufactured by the uni-axial compaction of powder that is confined radially by a rigid die. The directional nature of the compaction process yields not only anisotropic mechanical properties (e.g. tensile strength) but also directional properties of the pore structure in the porous compact. This study derives a new quantitative parameter, Sa, to describe the anisotropy in pore structure of pharmaceutical tablets based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy measurements. The Sa parameter analysis was applied to three different data sets including tablets with only one excipient (functionalised calcium carbonate), samples with one excipient (microcrystalline cellulose) and one drug (indomethacin), and a complex formulation (granulated product comprising several excipients and one drug). The overall porosity, tablet thickness, initial particle size distribution as well as the granule density were all found to affect the significant structural anisotropies that were observed in all investigated tablets. The Sa parameter provides new insights into the microstructure of a tablet and its potential was particularly demonstrated for the analysis of formulations comprising several components. The results clearly indicate that material attributes, such as particle size and granule density, cause a change of the pore structure, which, therefore, directly impacts the liquid imbibition that is part of the disintegration process. We show, for the first time, how the granule density impacts the pore structure, which will also affect the performance of the tablet. It is thus of great importance to gain a better understanding of the relationship of the physical properties of material attributes (e.g. intragranular porosity, particle shape), the compaction process and the microstructure of the finished product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Markl
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK.
| | - Prince Bawuah
- School of Pharmacy, Promis Centre, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1617, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | - Daniel J Goodwin
- GSK Research and Development, New Frontiers Science Park, 3rd Avenue, CM19 5AW Harlow, UK
| | - Jarkko Ketolainen
- School of Pharmacy, Promis Centre, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1617, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Patrick Gane
- Omya International AG, 4665 Oftringen Switzerland; School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai-Erik Peiponen
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lin H, Dong Y, Markl D, Zhang Z, Shen Y, Zeitler JA. Pharmaceutical Film Coating Catalog for Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. J Pharm Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
47
|
Mensink MA, Šibík J, Frijlink HW, van der Voort Maarschalk K, Hinrichs WLJ, Zeitler JA. Thermal Gradient Mid- and Far-Infrared Spectroscopy as Tools for Characterization of Protein Carbohydrate Lyophilizates. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3550-3557. [PMID: 28874050 PMCID: PMC5627341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Protein
drugs play an important role in modern day medicine. Typically,
these proteins are formulated as liquids requiring cold chain processing.
To circumvent the cold chain and achieve better storage stability,
these proteins can be dried in the presence of carbohydrates. We demonstrate
that thermal gradient mid- and far-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR and
THz-TDS, respectively) can provide useful information about solid-state
protein carbohydrate formulations regarding mobility and intermolecular
interactions. A model protein (BSA) was lyophilized in the presence
of three carbohydrates with different size and protein stabilizing
capacity. A gradual increase in mobility was observed with increasing
temperature in formulations containing protein and/or larger carbohydrates
(oligo- or polysaccharides), lacking a clear onset of fast mobility
as was observed for smaller molecules. Furthermore, both techniques
are able to identify the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the samples. FTIR provides additional information
as it can independently monitor changes in protein and carbohydrate
bands at the Tg. Lastly, THz-TDS confirms
previous findings that protein–carbohydrate interactions decrease
with increasing molecular weight of the carbohydrate, which results
in decreased protein stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Mensink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.,Janssen Vaccines and Prevention , Archimedesweg 4, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Šibík
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom.,F. Hoffmann-La Roche A.G. , Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - H W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K van der Voort Maarschalk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.,Process Technology, Corbion Purac , P.O. Box 21, 4200 AA Gorinchem, The Netherlands
| | - W L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J A Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lin H, Braeuninger-Weimer P, Kamboj VS, Jessop DS, Degl'Innocenti R, Beere HE, Ritchie DA, Zeitler JA, Hofmann S. Contactless graphene conductivity mapping on a wide range of substrates with terahertz time-domain reflection spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10625. [PMID: 28878213 PMCID: PMC5587735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate how terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) operating in reflection geometry can be used for quantitative conductivity mapping of large area chemical vapour deposited graphene films on sapphire, silicon dioxide/silicon and germanium. We validate the technique against measurements performed with previously established conventional transmission based THz-TDS and are able to resolve conductivity changes in response to induced back-gate voltages. Compared to the transmission geometry, measurement in reflection mode requires careful alignment and complex analysis, but circumvents the need of a terahertz transparent substrate, potentially enabling fast, contactless, in-line characterisation of graphene films on non-insulating substrates such as germanium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hungyen Lin
- Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, United Kingdom.
| | - Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, United Kingdom.
| | - Varun S Kamboj
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - David S Jessop
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Degl'Innocenti
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Harvey E Beere
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - David A Ritchie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pallipurath AR, Civati F, Sibik J, Crowley C, Zeitler JA, McArdle P, Erxleben A. A comprehensive spectroscopic study of the polymorphs of diflunisal and their phase transformations. Int J Pharm 2017; 528:312-321. [PMID: 28603011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding phase transitions in pharmaceutical materials is of vital importance for drug manufacturing, processing and storage. In this paper we have carried out comprehensive high-resolution spectroscopic studies on the polymorphs of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diflunisal that has four known polymorphs, forms I-IV (FI-FIV), three of which have known crystal structures. Phase transformations during milling, heating, melt-quenching and exposure to high relative humidity were investigated using Raman and terahertz spectroscopy in combination with differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. The observed phase transformations indicate the stability order FIII>FI>FII, FIV. Furthermore, crystallization experiments from the gas phase and from solution by fast evaporation of different solvents were carried out. Fast evaporation of an ethanolic solution below 70°C was identified as a reliable and convenient method to obtain the somewhat elusive FII in bulk quantities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha R Pallipurath
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 1AY, UK
| | - Francesco Civati
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Juraj Sibik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Clare Crowley
- Materials and Surface Science Institute, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Patrick McArdle
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Markl D, Zeitler JA, Rasch C, Michaelsen MH, Müllertz A, Rantanen J, Rades T, Bøtker J. Analysis of 3D Prints by X-ray Computed Microtomography and Terahertz Pulsed Imaging. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1037-1052. [PMID: 28004318 PMCID: PMC5382186 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A 3D printer was used to realise compartmental dosage forms containing multiple active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) formulations. This work demonstrates the microstructural characterisation of 3D printed solid dosage forms using X-ray computed microtomography (XμCT) and terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI). METHODS Printing was performed with either polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polylactic acid (PLA). The structures were examined by XμCT and TPI. Liquid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) formulations containing saquinavir and halofantrine were incorporated into the 3D printed compartmentalised structures and in vitro drug release determined. RESULTS A clear difference in terms of pore structure between PVA and PLA prints was observed by extracting the porosity (5.5% for PVA and 0.2% for PLA prints), pore length and pore volume from the XμCT data. The print resolution and accuracy was characterised by XμCT and TPI on the basis of the computer-aided design (CAD) models of the dosage form (compartmentalised PVA structures were 7.5 ± 0.75% larger than designed; n = 3). CONCLUSIONS The 3D printer can reproduce specific structures very accurately, whereas the 3D prints can deviate from the designed model. The microstructural information extracted by XμCT and TPI will assist to gain a better understanding about the performance of 3D printed dosage forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Markl
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Cecilie Rasch
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Høtoft Michaelsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Bøtker
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|