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Kaizuka M, Kawaguchi S, Tatsuta T, Tachizaki M, Kobori Y, Tanaka Y, Seya K, Matsumiya T, Imaizumi T, Sakuraba H. Resiquimod Induces C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 Via Nuclear Factor-Kappa B in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:16. [PMID: 38668900 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 plays an important role in recognizing virus-derived nucleic acids. TLR7 signaling in astrocytes and microglia is critical for activating immune responses against neurotrophic viruses. Neurons express TLR7, similar to glial cells; however, the role of neuronal TLR7 has not yet been fully elucidated. This study sought to determine whether resiquimod, the TLR7/8 agonist, induces the expression of inflammatory chemokines in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that TLR7 was constitutively expressed in SH-SY5Y cells. Stimulation with resiquimod induced C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression, accompanied by the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in SH-SY5Y cells. Resiquimod increased mRNA levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and CXCL10, while the increase was slight at the protein level. Knockdown of NF-κB p65 eliminated resiquimod-induced CCL2 production. This study provides novel evidence that resiquimod has promising therapeutic potential against central nervous system viral infections through its immunostimulatory effects on neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kaizuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Tatsuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Mayuki Tachizaki
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yuri Kobori
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
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Kalita S, Kalita MJ, Talukdar AJ, Das PP, Dutta K, Hazarika G, Dutta S, Das P, Idris G, Kaur H, Medhi S. Altered TLR7 Expression-Mediated Immune Modulation Is Supportive of Persistent Replication and Intrauterine Transmission of HBV. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:149-158. [PMID: 38573237 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is posing as a serious public health threat mainly due to its asymptomatic nature of infection in pregnancy and vertical transmission. Viral sensing toll-like receptors (TLR) and Interleukins (IL) are important molecules in providing an antiviral state. The study aimed to assess the role of TLR7-mediated immune modulation, which might have an impact in the intrauterine transmission of HBV leading to mother to child transmission of the virus. We investigated the expression pattern of TLR7, IL-3, and IL-6 by RT-PCR in the placentas of HBV-infected pregnant women to see their role in the intrauterine transmission of HBV. We further validated the expression of TLR7 in placentas using Immunohistochemistry. Expression analysis by RT-PCR of TLR7 revealed significant downregulation among the Cord blood (CB) HBV DNA positive and negative cases with mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 0.43 ± 0.22 (28) and 1.14 ± 0.57 (44) with p = 0.001. IL-3 and IL-6 expression revealed significant upregulation in the CB HBV DNA-positive cases with p = 0.001. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that TLR7 and IL-3 fold change and mother HBeAg status are important predictors for HBV mother to child transmission. Immunohistochemistry revealed the decreased expression of TLR7 in CB HBV DNA-positive cases. This study reveals that the downregulation of TLR7 in the placenta along with CB HBV DNA-positive status may lead to intrauterine transmission of HBV, which may lead to vertical transmission of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simanta Kalita
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati India
| | - Manash Jyoti Kalita
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati India
| | | | - Partha Pratim Das
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati India
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College and Hospital, Barpeta, India
| | - Kalpajit Dutta
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati India
| | - Gautam Hazarika
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati India
| | - Sangit Dutta
- Department of Medicine, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Panchanan Das
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Ghaznavi Idris
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases Division, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhash Medhi
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati India
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3
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Gumas J, Kawamura T, Shigematsu M, Kirino Y. Immunostimulatory short non-coding RNAs in the circulation of patients with tuberculosis infection. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2024; 35:102156. [PMID: 38481936 PMCID: PMC10933579 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is among the world's deadliest infectious diseases. Developing effective treatments and biomarkers for tuberculosis requires a deeper understanding of its pathobiology and host responses. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization of circulating short non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in plasma samples from Mtb-infected patients. We achieved this by pre-treating plasma RNAs with T4 polynucleotide kinase to convert all RNA ends to those compatible with sncRNA sequencing. We discovered a global and drastic upregulation of plasma sncRNAs in Mtb-infected patients, with tRNA-derived sncRNAs representing the most dramatically elevated class. Most of these tRNA-derived sncRNAs originated from a limited subset of tRNAs, specifically from three tRNA isoacceptors, and exhibited skewed patterns to 5'-derived fragments, such as 5' halves, 5' tRNA fragments (tRFs), and internal tRFs (i-tRFs) from the 5' regions. Further, Mtb-infected patients displayed markedly upregulated and distinct profiles of both rRNA- and mRNA-derived sncRNAs. Some of these sncRNAs, which are abundant and specific to Mtb-infected patients, robustly activated human macrophages via Toll-like receptor 7 and induced cytokine production. This drastic accumulation of circulating, immunostimulatory sncRNAs in the plasma of Mtb-infected patients offers insights into the sncRNA-driven aspects of host immune response against infectious diseases and suggests a pool of potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Gumas
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Takuya Kawamura
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Megumi Shigematsu
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yohei Kirino
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Nakazawa-Ueji YE, Valencia-Pacheco G, González-Herrera LJ, Chan-Chalé L, Velasco-Cárdenas RMH, Carreño-Gonzalez MJ, Pérez-Mendoza G, Amaro-Adrián GI, Rodríguez-Dzul EA, Quintal-Ortiz IG, Angulo-Ramírez AV, López-Villanueva RF. Association of the polymorphisms rs179008 ( TLR7), rs2004640 ( IRF5), rs1800795 ( IL-6) and rs2280788 ( CCL5) with systemic lupus erythematosus in women of Mayan ethnicity from Yucatan. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38459707 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2325438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: IFN-α is the main cytokine in SLE, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in different genes could induce it. Aim: To determine the association of rs2004640 (IRF5), rs179008 (TLR7), rs1800795 (IL-6) and rs2280788 (CCL5) with SLE in Mexican women with Mayan ethnicity. Methods: DNA and RNA were isolated from the peripheral blood of 110 patients and 200 healthy control subjects. SNP genotyping and gene expression analysis of IRF5, TLR7, IL-6 and IFN-α were determined by real-time PCR and analyzed with SNP Stat, Stata 10.1 and Graph Pad Prism v5. Results: rs2004640, rs179008, and rs1800795 in both groups were according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Risk alleles rs179008T and rs2004640T frequencies were higher in controls (p = 0.015 and p = 0.028, respectively), whereas rs179008A frequency was higher in patients (p = 0.015). Allelic combination AGT frequency was higher in patients (p = 0.001). IL-6 rs1800795C > G and CCL5 rs2280788G > C frequencies did not show significant differences (p > 0.05), being rs2280788G (CCL5) monomorphic in controls. SLE patients showed higher TLR7, IRF5, IL6, and IFN-α mRNA levels. IRF5 expression was higher in SLE patients homozygous for rs2004640T (IRF5). Conclusion: This work showed the contribution of TLR7 and IRF5 in SLE pathogenesis in Mayan females from Yucatan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Elena Nakazawa-Ueji
- Hematology Laboratory, Regional Research Center, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Yucatan, Mexico
| | | | | | - Laureano Chan-Chalé
- Hematology Laboratory, Regional Research Center, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Yucatan, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gerardo Pérez-Mendoza
- Hematology Laboratory, Regional Research Center, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Yucatan, Mexico
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Tiberio L, Laffranchi M, Zucchi G, Salvi V, Schioppa T, Sozzani S, Del Prete A, Bosisio D. Inhibitory receptors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells as possible targets for checkpoint blockade in cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360291. [PMID: 38504978 PMCID: PMC10948453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the major producers of type I interferons (IFNs), which are essential to mount antiviral and antitumoral immune responses. To avoid exaggerated levels of type I IFNs, which pave the way to immune dysregulation and autoimmunity, pDC activation is strictly regulated by a variety of inhibitory receptors (IRs). In tumors, pDCs display an exhausted phenotype and correlate with an unfavorable prognosis, which largely depends on the accumulation of immunosuppressive cytokines and oncometabolites. This review explores the hypothesis that tumor microenvironment may reduce the release of type I IFNs also by a more pDC-specific mechanism, namely the engagement of IRs. Literature shows that many cancer types express de novo, or overexpress, IR ligands (such as BST2, PCNA, CAECAM-1 and modified surface carbohydrates) which often represent a strong predictor of poor outcome and metastasis. In line with this, tumor cells expressing ligands engaging IRs such as BDCA-2, ILT7, TIM3 and CD44 block pDC activation, while this blocking is prevented when IR engagement or signaling is inhibited. Based on this evidence, we propose that the regulation of IFN secretion by IRs may be regarded as an "innate checkpoint", reminiscent of the function of "classical" adaptive immune checkpoints, like PD1 expressed in CD8+ T cells, which restrain autoimmunity and immunopathology but favor chronic infections and tumors. However, we also point out that further work is needed to fully unravel the biology of tumor-associated pDCs, the neat contribution of pDC exhaustion in tumor growth following the engagement of IRs, especially those expressed also by other leukocytes, and their therapeutic potential as targets of combined immune checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tiberio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Laffranchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur-Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zucchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur-Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Schioppa
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur-Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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6
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Khalil MMIM, Monir Mansour M, Bakrey Hamed Ata M, Elaskary SA, Genena SESR. Toll-like receptor 7 and tumor necrosis factor alpha polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2024; 45:93-111. [PMID: 38174954 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2023.2294298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) susceptibility depends on a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Genes for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been incorporated into the pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders. Our aim is to assess the association between TLR7 (rs179009) and TNF-α (rs1800629) polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disorders. One-hundred ninety-nine individuals, divided into 68 HT patients in group I, 57 GD patients in group II, and 74 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects in group III, underwent laboratory investigations, including the detection of TLR7 and TNF-α polymorphisms using real-time PCR technique. TLR7 (rs179009) genotypes, A/G and G/G, were significantly more prevalent in HT patients (group I) compared to normal controls. Meanwhile, TNF-α (rs1800629) genotypes in GD patients (group II) showed a six fold increase in the risk of the disease in the G/A and A/A genotypes. Our findings propose the fact that the polymorphisms of TLR7 (rs179009) play a role in the susceptibility and the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, whereas TNF-α (rs1800629) polymorphisms play a role in the susceptibility and development of Graves' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manal Monir Mansour
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University Menoufia Governorate, Shebein-El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Bakrey Hamed Ata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University Menoufia Governorate, Shebein-El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Abdelsattar Elaskary
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University Menoufia Governorate, Shebein-El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa El Sayed Ramadan Genena
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein-El-Kom, Egypt
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Yang Y, Zhang X, Jing L, Xiao Y, Gao Y, Hu Y, Jia S, Zhou G, Xiong H, Dong G. MDSC-derived S100A8/9 contributes to lupus pathogenesis by promoting TLR7-mediated activation of macrophages and dendritic cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:110. [PMID: 38429401 PMCID: PMC10907481 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR7, play an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying the abnormal activation of TLR pathways in patients with SLE has not been elucidated. Notably, accumulating evidence indicates that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are important regulators of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Compared with healthy control subjects, patients with SLE have a greater proportion of MDSCs among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); however, the effect of MDSCs on TLR7 pathway activation has not been determined. In the present study, lupus MDSCs significantly promoted TLR7 pathway activation in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), exacerbating the imiquimod-induced lupus model. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed significant overexpression of S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) and S100A9 in MDSCs from diseased MRL/lpr mice. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that S100A8/9 effectively promoted TLR7 pathway activation and that S100A8/9 deficiency reversed the promoting effect of MDSCs on TLR7 pathway activation in lupus. Mechanistically, MDSC-derived S100A8/9 upregulated interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion by macrophages and IFN-γ subsequently promoted TLR7 pathway activation in an autocrine manner. Taken together, these findings suggest that lupus MDSCs promote TLR7 pathway activation and lupus pathogenesis through the S100A8/9-IFN-γ axis. Our study identified an important target for SLE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Yang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Jing
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Yucai Xiao
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Yangzhe Gao
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Shujiao Jia
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Guangxi Zhou
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China.
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China.
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China.
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China.
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China.
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8
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Yang Q, Zhou L, Tan Z, Zhu Y, Mo L, Fang C, Li J, Chen C, Luo Y, Wei H, Yin W, Huang J. TLR7 enhancing follicular helper T (Tfh) cells response in C57BL/6 mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii NSM TLR7 mediated Tfh cells in P. yoelii infected mice. Immunology 2024; 171:413-427. [PMID: 38150744 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in inducing innate and acquired immune responses against infection. However, the effect of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) on follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in mice infected with Plasmodium is still not clear. The results showed that the splenic CD4+ CXCR5+ PD-1+ Tfh cells were accumulated after Plasmodium yoelii NSM infection, the content of splenic Tfh cells was correlated to parasitemia and/or the red blood cells (RBCs) counts in the blood. Moreover, the expression of TLR7 was found higher than TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4 in splenic Tfh cells of the WT mice. TLR7 agonist R848 and the lysate of red blood cells of infected mice (iRBCs) could induce the activation and differentiation of splenic Tfh cells. Knockout of TLR7 leads to a decrease in the proportion of Tfh cells, down-regulated expression of functional molecules CD40L, IFN-γ, IL-21 and IL-10 in Tfh cells; decreased the proportion of plasma cells and antibody production and reduces the expression of STAT3 and Ikzf2 in Tfh cells. Administration of R848 could inhibit parasitemia, enhance splenic Tfh cell activation and increase STAT3 and Ikzf2 expression in Tfh cells. In summary, this study shows that TLR7 could regulate the function of Tfh cells, affecting the immune response in the spleen of Plasmodium yoelii NSM-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lengshan Mo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Haixia Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Yan K, Liang Y. Decreased TLR7 expression was associated with airway eosinophilic inflammation and lung function in asthma: evidence from machine learning approaches and experimental validation. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:116. [PMID: 38341589 PMCID: PMC10858610 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a global public health concern. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of asthma were poorly understood. This study aims to explore potential biomarkers associated with asthma and analyze the pathological role of immune cell infiltration in the disease. METHODS The gene expression profiles of induced sputum were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE76262 and GSE137268) and were combined for analysis. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) was identified as the core gene by the intersection of two different machine learning algorithms, namely, least absolute shrinkage and selector operation (LASSO) regression and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and the top 10 core networks based on Cytohubba. CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the difference of immune cell infiltration between asthma and healthy control groups. Finally, the expression level of TLR7 was validated in induced sputum samples of patients with asthma. RESULTS A total of 320 differential expression genes between the asthma and healthy control groups were screened, including 184 upregulated genes and 136 downregulated genes. TLR7 was identified as the core gene after combining the results of LASSO regression, SVM-RFE algorithm, and top 10 hub genes. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of 13 out of 22 infiltrating immune cells in asthma. TLR7 was found to be closely related to the level of several infiltrating immune cells. TLR7 mRNA levels were downregulated in asthmatic patients compared with healthy controls (p = 0.0049). The area under the curve of TLR7 for the diagnosis of asthma was 0.7674 (95% CI 0.631-0.904, p = 0.006). Moreover, TLR7 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with exhaled nitric oxide fraction (r = - 0.3268, p = 0.0347) and the percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils (%) (r = - 0.3472, p = 0.041), and positively correlated with forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (% predicted) (r = 0.3960, p = 0.0071) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (r = 0.3213, p = 0.0314) in asthmatic patients. CONCLUSIONS Decreased TLR7 in the induced sputum of eosinophilic asthmatic patients was involved in immune cell infiltration and airway inflammation, which may serve as a new biomarker for the diagnosis of eosinophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxia Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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10
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David C, Badonyi M, Kechiche R, Insalaco A, Zecca M, De Benedetti F, Orcesi S, Chiapparini L, Comoli P, Federici S, Gattorno M, Ginevrino M, Giorgio E, Matteo V, Moran-Alvarez P, Politano D, Prencipe G, Sirchia F, Volpi S, Masson C, Rice GI, Frémond ML, Lepelley A, Marsh JA, Crow YJ. Interface Gain-of-Function Mutations in TLR7 Cause Systemic and Neuro-inflammatory Disease. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:60. [PMID: 38324161 PMCID: PMC10850255 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
TLR7 recognizes pathogen-derived single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), a function integral to the innate immune response to viral infection. Notably, TLR7 can also recognize self-derived ssRNA, with gain-of-function mutations in human TLR7 recently identified to cause both early-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and neuromyelitis optica. Here, we describe two novel mutations in TLR7, F507S and L528I. While the L528I substitution arose de novo, the F507S mutation was present in three individuals from the same family, including a severely affected male, notably given that the TLR7 gene is situated on the X chromosome and that all other cases so far described have been female. The observation of mutations at residues 507 and 528 of TLR7 indicates the importance of the TLR7 dimerization interface in maintaining immune homeostasis, where we predict that altered homo-dimerization enhances TLR7 signaling. Finally, while mutations in TLR7 can result in SLE-like disease, our data suggest a broader phenotypic spectrum associated with TLR7 gain-of-function, including significant neurological involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence David
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and NeuroinflammationImagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Mihaly Badonyi
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin Kechiche
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and NeuroinflammationImagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Department of Paediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Antonella Insalaco
- Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Pediatric Haematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Simona Orcesi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Chiapparini
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Federici
- Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- UOC Reumatologia E Malattie Autoinfiammatorie, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monia Ginevrino
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Matteo
- Laboratory of Immuno-Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Davide Politano
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giusi Prencipe
- Laboratory of Immuno-Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Sirchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- UOC Reumatologia E Malattie Autoinfiammatorie, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), Università Degli Studi Di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cécile Masson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Paris-Cité University-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Gillian I Rice
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Marie-Louise Frémond
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and NeuroinflammationImagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Department of Paediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Reference Center for Rheumatic, AutoImmune and Systemic Diseases in Children (RAISE), Paris, France
| | - Alice Lepelley
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and NeuroinflammationImagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Joseph A Marsh
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yanick J Crow
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and NeuroinflammationImagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France.
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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11
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Parsania M, Khorrami SMS, Hasanzad M, Parsania N, Nagozir S, Mokhtari N, Habibabadi HM, Ghaziasadi A, Soltani S, Jafarpour A, Pakzad R, Jazayeri SM. Association of polymorphisms in TLR3 and TLR7 genes with susceptibility to COVID-19 among Iranian population: a retrospective case-control study. Iran J Microbiol 2024; 16:114-123. [PMID: 38682063 PMCID: PMC11055434 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i1.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Host genetic changes like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are one of the main factors influencing susceptibility to viral infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between the host SNP of Toll-Like Receptor3 (TLR3) and Toll-Like Receptor7 (TLR7) genes involved in the immune system and susceptibility to COVID-19 in a sample of the Iranian population. Materials and Methods This retrospective case-control study evaluated 244 hospitalized COVID-19 patients as the case group and 156 suspected COVID-19 patients with mild signs as the control group. The genomic DNA of patients was genotyped for TLR7 (rs179008 and rs179009) and TLR3 (rs3775291 and rs3775296) SNPs using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results A significant association between rs179008 SNP in the TLR7 gene and the susceptibility of COVID-19 was found between case and control groups. The AT genotype (Heterozygous) of TLR7 rs179008 A>T polymorphism showed a significant association with a 2.261-fold increased odds of COVID-19 (P=0.003; adjusted OR: 2.261; 99% CI: 1.117-4.575). In addition, a significant association between TC genotype of TLR7 rs179009 T>C polymorphism and increased odds of COVID-19 (P<0.0001; adjusted OR: 6.818; 99% CI: 3.149-14.134) were determined. The polymorphism frequency of TLR3 rs3775291 and rs3775296 genotypes were not significantly different between the case and control groups (P> 0.004167). Conclusion SNPs in TLR7 rs179008 and rs179009 genotypes are considered host genetic factors that could be influenced individual susceptibility to COVID-19. The SNPs in TLR3 (rs3775296 and rs3775291) showed no significant association with COVID-19 in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Parsania
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mandana Hasanzad
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Parsania
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Nagozir
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Mokhtari
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azam Ghaziasadi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Soltani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jafarpour
- Amir-al-Momenin Medical and Educational Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Reza Pakzad
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Tay SH, Zharkova O, Lee HY, Toh MMX, Libau EA, Celhar T, Narayanan S, Ahl PJ, Ong WY, Joseph C, Lim JCT, Wang L, Larbi A, Liang S, Lateef A, Akira S, Ling LH, Thamboo TP, Yeong JPS, Lee BTK, Edwards SW, Wright HL, MacAry PA, Connolly JE, Fairhurst AM. Platelet TLR7 is essential for the formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes and low-density neutrophils in lupus nephritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:551-562. [PMID: 37341646 PMCID: PMC10836995 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Platelets and low-density neutrophils (LDNs) are major players in the immunopathogenesis of SLE. Despite evidence showing the importance of platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNCs) in inflammation, little is known about the relationship between LDNs and platelets in SLE. We sought to characterize the role of LDNs and Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in clinical disease. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype LDNs from SLE patients and controls. The association of LDNs with organ damage was investigated in a cohort of 290 SLE patients. TLR7 mRNA expression was assessed in LDNs and high-density neutrophils (HDNs) using publicly available mRNA sequencing datasets and our own cohort using RT-PCR. The role of TLR7 in platelet binding was evaluated in platelet-HDN mixing studies using TLR7-deficient mice and Klinefelter syndrome patients. RESULTS SLE patients with active disease have more LDNs, which are heterogeneous and more immature in patients with evidence of kidney dysfunction. LDNs are platelet bound, in contrast to HDNs. LDNs settle in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) layer due to the increased buoyancy and neutrophil degranulation from platelet binding. Mixing studies demonstrated that this PNC formation was dependent on platelet-TLR7 and that the association results in increased NETosis. The neutrophil:platelet ratio is a useful clinical correlate for LDNs, and a higher NPR is associated with past and current flares of LN. CONCLUSIONS LDNs sediment in the upper PBMC fraction due to PNC formation, which is dependent on the expression of TLR7 in platelets. Collectively, our results reveal a novel TLR7-dependent crosstalk between platelets and neutrophils that may be an important therapeutic opportunity for LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Hee Tay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olga Zharkova
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hui Yin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Michelle Min Xuan Toh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eshele Anak Libau
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teja Celhar
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sriram Narayanan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Patricia Jennifer Ahl
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Wei Yee Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Craig Joseph
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Chun Tatt Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shen Liang
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aisha Lateef
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Lieng Hsi Ling
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Joe Poh Seng Yeong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Bernett Teck Kwong Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen L Wright
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Anthony MacAry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - John E Connolly
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Anna-Marie Fairhurst
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Liu YS, Wang JX, Jin GY, Hu MH, Wang XD. Combination Therapy with a TLR7 Agonist and a BRD4 Inhibitor Suppresses Tumor Growth via Enhanced Immunomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:663. [PMID: 38203835 PMCID: PMC10779224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
JQ-1 is a typical BRD4 inhibitor with the ability to directly fight tumor cells and evoke antitumor immunity via reducing the expression of PD-L1. However, problems arise with the development of JQ-1 in clinical trials, such as marked lymphoid and hematopoietic toxicity, leading to the investigation of combination therapy. SZU-101 is a TLR7 agonist designed and synthesized by our group with potent immunostimulatory activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that combination therapy of SZU-101 and JQ-1 would target innate immunity and adaptive immunity simultaneously, to achieve a better antitumor efficacy than monotherapy. In this study, the repressive effects of the combination administration on tumor growth and metastasis were demonstrated in both murine breast cancer and melanoma models. In 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, i.t. treatment with SZU-101 in combination with i.p. treatment with JQ-1 suppressed the growth of tumors at both injected and uninjected sites. Combination therapy increased M1/M2 ratio in TAMs, decreased PD-L1 expression and promoted the recruitment of activated CD8+ T cells in the TME. In summary, the improved therapeutic efficacy of the novel combination therapy appears to be feasible for the treatment of a diversity of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ming-Hao Hu
- Nation-Regional Engineering Lab for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, International Cancer Center, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.-S.L.); (J.-X.W.); (G.-Y.J.)
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Nation-Regional Engineering Lab for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, International Cancer Center, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.-S.L.); (J.-X.W.); (G.-Y.J.)
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14
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Wiest MJ, Baert L, Gu C, Gayler KM, Ham H, Gorvel L, Keddis MT, Griffing LW, Joo H, Gorvel JP, Billadeau DD, Kane RR, Oh S. Endosomal trafficking inhibitor EGA can control TLR7-mediated IFNα expression by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1202197. [PMID: 38077311 PMCID: PMC10704457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are the major producer of type 1 IFN in response to TLR7 agonists. Aberrant TLR7 activation and type 1 IFN expression by pDCs are linked to the pathogenesis of certain types of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study investigated the underlying mechanisms for TLR7-mediated cytokine expression by pDCs using a late endosome trafficking inhibitor, EGA (4-bromobenzaldehyde N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl) semicarbazone). We found that EGA treatment decreased IFNα expression by pDCs stimulated with imiquimod (R837), single-stranded RNA40, and influenza virus. EGA also decreased TNFα expression and secretion by R837-stimulated pDCs. Mechanistically, EGA treatment decreased phosphorylation of IKKα/β, STAT1, and p38, and prolonged degradation of IκBα. Furthermore, EGA treatment decreased the colocalization of 3F, a substituted adenine TLR7 agonist, with LAMP1+ compartments in pDCs. EGA was also capable of diminishing IFNα expression by SLE pDCs treated with R837 or live PR8/A/34 influenza viruses. Therefore, we concluded that trafficking of TLR7 agonists to LAMP1+ compartments is important for IFNα expression by pDCs. Data from this study support additional examinations of the potential benefits of EGA in treating type 1 IFN-associated inflammatory diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Wiest
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Laurie Baert
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Chao Gu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Kevin M. Gayler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Hyoungjun Ham
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- CRCM, Aix Marseille Universite, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Mira T. Keddis
- Department of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Leroy W. Griffing
- Department of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - HyeMee Joo
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Robert R. Kane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - SangKon Oh
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
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15
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Lee M, Suzuki H, Ogiwara K, Aoki R, Kato R, Nakayama M, Fukao Y, Nihei Y, Kano T, Makita Y, Muto M, Yamada K, Suzuki Y. The nucleotide-sensing Toll-Like Receptor 9/Toll-Like Receptor 7 system is a potential therapeutic target for IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 2023; 104:943-955. [PMID: 37648155 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The progression determinants of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are still not fully elucidated. We have previously demonstrated that the mucosal activation of toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, which senses microbial unmethylated CpG DNA, influences progression by producing aberrantly glycosylated IgA. However, numerous recent reports of patients with IgAN presenting with gross hematuria after the mRNA vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 suggest that the RNA-sensing system also exacerbates IgAN. Here, we investigated whether TLR7, which recognizes microbial RNA, is also involved in IgAN progression using a murine model and tonsil tissue from 53 patients with IgAN compared to samples from 40 patients with chronic tonsillitis and 12 patients with sleep apnea syndrome as controls. We nasally administered imiquimod, the ligand of TLR7, to IgAN-prone ddY mice and found that TLR7 stimulation elevated the serum levels of aberrantly glycosylated IgA and induced glomerular IgA depositions and proteinuria. Co-administered hydroxychloroquine, which inhibits TLRs, canceled the kidney injuries. In vitro, stimulating splenocytes from ddY mice with imiquimod increased interleukin-6 and aberrantly glycosylated IgA levels. The expression of TLR7 in the tonsils was elevated in patients with IgAN and positively correlated with that of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) involved in the production of aberrantly glycosylated IgA. Mechanistically, TLR7 stimulation enhanced the synthesis of aberrantly glycosylated IgA through the modulation of enzymes involved in the glycosylation of IgA. Thus, our findings suggest that nucleotide-sensing TLR9 and TLR7 play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Hence, nucleotide-sensing TLRs could be reasonably strong candidates for disease-specific therapeutic targets in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Kei Ogiwara
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Aoki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Kato
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fukao
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nihei
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kano
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Makita
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Muto
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshi Yamada
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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16
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Friedman TN, La Caprara O, Zhang C, Lee K, May J, Faig CA, Baldwin T, Plemel JR, Taylor AMW, Kerr BJ. Sex differences in peripheral immune cell activation: Implications for pain and pain resolution. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:80-93. [PMID: 37544463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of research into chronic pain has deepened our understanding of the cellular mechanisms behind this process. However, a failure to consider the biological variable of sex has limited the application of these breakthroughs into clinical application. In the present study, we investigate fundamental differences in chronic pain between male and female mice resulting from inflammatory activation of the innate immune system. We provide evidence that female mice are more sensitive to the effects of macrophages. Injecting small volumes of media conditioned by either unstimulated macrophages or macrophages stimulated by the inflammatory molecule TNFα lead to increased pain sensitivity only in females. Interestingly, we find that TNFα conditioned media leads to a more rapid resolution of mechanical hypersensitivity and altered immune cell recruitment to sites of injury. Furthermore, male and female macrophages exhibit differential polarization characteristics and motility after TNFα stimulation, as well as a different profile of cytokine secretions. Finally, we find that the X-linked gene Tlr7 is critical in the facilitating the adaptive resolution of pain in models of acute and chronic inflammation in both sexes. Altogether, these findings suggest that although the cellular mechanisms of pain resolution may differ between the sexes, the study of these differences may yield more targeted approaches with clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Friedman
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Olivia La Caprara
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Celine Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 2H7, Canada
| | - Kelly Lee
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Julia May
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Christian A Faig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 2H7, Canada
| | - Troy Baldwin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Anna M W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 2H7, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Bradley J Kerr
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 2H7, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (NRU), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.
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17
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Ishizaka ST, Hawkins L, Chen Q, Tago F, Yagi T, Sakaniwa K, Zhang Z, Shimizu T, Shirato M. A novel Toll-like receptor 7/8-specific antagonist E6742 ameliorates clinically relevant disease parameters in murine models of lupus. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175962. [PMID: 37544422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The sensing of self RNA by the endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8 initiates pathogenic mechanisms underlying the autoimmune disease lupus. A blockade of the TLR7/8 signals may, therefore, be a novel therapeutic intervention for lupus. To test the hypothesis, a novel compound E6742 that blocks TLR7/8 activation was identified. The mode of action of E6742 was investigated by analysis of the tertiary structure of TLR7 and 8 in complex with E6742. The in vitro activities of the compound were examined in cellular systems and its therapeutic potential was evaluated in murine lupus models. Tertiary structures of the extracellular domain of TLR7 and 8 in complex with E6742 showed that E6742 binds specifically and non-covalently to the hydrophobic pocket located at the interface of TLR7 or TLR8 homodimers. E6742 potently and selectively inhibited several TLR7/8-mediated cytokine responses in human PBMC. In two mouse models of lupus, oral dosing of E6742 after the onset of disease suppressed increase in autoantibodies and blocked the advance of organ damage. Collectively, the data show that TLR7/8 activation contributes to disease progression and its blocking by E6742 has potential as a therapeutic intervention for lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally T Ishizaka
- Eisai Inc., Eisai Center for Genetics Guided Dementia Discovery, MA, USA
| | - Lynn Hawkins
- Eisai Inc., Eisai Center for Genetics Guided Dementia Discovery, MA, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Eisai Inc., Eisai Center for Genetics Guided Dementia Discovery, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Kentaro Sakaniwa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhikuan Zhang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Shirato
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Ibaraki, Japan.
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18
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Miquel CH, Abbas F, Cenac C, Foret-Lucas C, Guo C, Ducatez M, Joly E, Hou B, Guéry JC. B cell-intrinsic TLR7 signaling is required for neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and pathogen-like COVID-19 vaccines. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350437. [PMID: 37438976 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) triggers antiviral immune responses through its capacity to recognize single-stranded RNA. TLR7 loss-of-function mutants are associated with life-threatening pneumonia in severe COVID-19 patients. Whereas TLR7-driven innate induction of type I IFN appears central to control SARS-CoV2 virus spreading during the first days of infection, the impact of TLR7-deficiency on adaptive B-cell immunity is less clear. In the present study, we examined the role of TLR7 in the adaptive B cells response to various pathogen-like antigens (PLAs). We used inactivated SARS-CoV2 and a PLA-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate designed to mimic SARS-CoV2 with encapsulated bacterial ssRNA as TLR7 ligands and conjugated with the RBD of the SARS-CoV2 Spike protein. Upon repeated immunization with inactivated SARS-CoV2 or PLA COVID-19 vaccine, we show that Tlr7-deficiency abolished the germinal center (GC)-dependent production of RBD-specific class-switched IgG2b and IgG2c, and neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV2. We also provide evidence for a non-redundant role for B-cell-intrinsic TLR7 in the promotion of RBD-specific IgG2b/IgG2c and memory B cells. Together, these data demonstrate that the GC reaction and class-switch recombination to the Myd88-dependent IgG2b/IgG2c in response to SARS-CoV2 or PLAs is strictly dependent on cell-intrinsic activation of TLR7 in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Henry Miquel
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Arthritis R&D, Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Flora Abbas
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Cenac
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Foret-Lucas
- Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Chang Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mariette Ducatez
- Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Joly
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Baidong Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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19
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Buschard K, Jensen MH, Krogvold L, Gerling IC, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Pedersen K, Haupt-Jorgensen M. Type 1 diabetes could begin with alterations in innate anti-viral immunity, which are already at this stage associated with HLA risk haplotypes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3678. [PMID: 37395313 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate if HLA risk haplotypes and HbA1c levels are associated with the expression levels of innate anti-viral immune pathway genes in type 1 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated RNA expression levels of innate anti-viral immune pathway genes in laser-dissected islets from two to five tissue sections per donor from the Diabetes Virus Detection study and the network of Pancreatic Organ Donors in relation to HLA risk haplotypes (non-predisposed and predisposed) and HbA1c levels (normal, elevated, and high). RESULTS The expression of innate anti-viral immune genes (TLR7, OAS1, OAS3 etc.) was significantly increased in individuals with predisposing vs non-predisposing HLA haplotypes. Also, the expression of several of the innate anti-viral immune genes from the HLA risk haplotype analysis was significantly increased in the group with high vs normal HbA1c. Furthermore, the gene expression of OAS2 was significantly increased in the group with high HbA1c vs elevated HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS Expression of innate anti-viral immune pathway genes was increased in individuals with predisposing HLA risk haplotypes and those with high HbA1c. This indicates that type 1 diabetes might well begin with alterations in innate anti-viral immunity, and already at this stage be associated with HLA risk haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Buschard
- Department of Pathology, The Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Høj Jensen
- Department of Pathology, The Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Krogvold
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivan C Gerling
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Pedersen
- Department of Pathology, The Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Godbole N, Kyrönlahti A, Hukkinen M, Pihlajoki M, Heikinheimo M, Pakarinen MP. Bacterial translocation markers and toll-like receptors in biliary atresia following successful portoenterostomy. Acta Paediatr 2023; 112:2210-2217. [PMID: 37378619 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM The gut-liver axis may contribute to pathophysiology of cholestatic liver disorders like biliary atresia (BA) by bacterial translocation (BT). Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors known to activate innate immunity and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Herein, we examined BT-associated biomarkers and TLRs in relation to liver injury after successful portoenterostomy (SPE) in BA. METHODS Serum levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), CD14, LAL, TNF-α, IL-6 and FABP2 along with liver expression of TLRs (TLR1, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9), LBP and CD14 were measured during median 4.9 (1.7-10.6) years follow-up after SPE in 45 BA patients. RESULTS Serum LBP, CD14, TNF-α and IL-6 all increased after SPE whereas LAL and FABP-2 remained unchanged. Serum LBP correlated positively with CD14 and markers of hepatocyte injury and cholestasis, but not with Metavir fibrosis stage, transcriptional markers for fibrosis (ACTA2) or ductular reaction. Serum CD14 concentration was significantly higher in patients with portal hypertension than without. While liver expression of TLR4 and LBP remained low, TLR7 and TLR1 showed marked BA-specific increases, and TLR7 correlated with Metavir fibrosis stage and ACTA2. CONCLUSION BT does not seem to play a significant role in liver injury after SPE in our series of BA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimish Godbole
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group and Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Kyrönlahti
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Hukkinen
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group and Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjut Pihlajoki
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko P Pakarinen
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group and Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Women's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Huang Y, Liu D, Chen M, Xu S, Peng Q, Zhu Y, Long J, Liu T, Deng Z, Xie H, Li J, Liu F, Xiao W. TLR7 promotes skin inflammation via activating NFκB-mTORC1 axis in rosacea. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15976. [PMID: 37780385 PMCID: PMC10540772 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease originated from damaged skin barrier and innate/adaptive immune dysregulation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense injured skin and initiate downstream inflammatory and immune responses, whose role in rosacea is not fully understood. Here, via RNA-sequencing analysis, we found that the TLR signaling pathway is the top-ranked signaling pathway enriched in rosacea skin lesions, in which TLR7 is highlighted and positively correlated with the inflammation severity of disease. In LL37-induced rosacea-like mouse models, silencing TLR7 prevented the development of rosacea-like skin inflammation. Specifically, we demonstrated that overexpressing TLR7 in keratinocytes stimulates rapamycin-sensitive mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway via NFκB signaling. Ultimately, TLR7/NFκ B/mTORC1 axis promotes the production of cytokines and chemokines, leading to the migration of CD4+T cells, which are infiltrated in the lesional skin of rosacea. Our report reveals the crucial role of TLR7 in rosacea pathogenesis and indicatesa promising candidate for rosacea treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratary of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratary of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratary of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - San Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratary of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinqin Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratary of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratary of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Long
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tangxiele Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratary of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratary of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratary of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratary of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangfen Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratary of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqin Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratary of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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Luan T, Yang X, Kuang G, Wang T, He J, Liu Z, Gong X, Wan J, Li K. Identification and Analysis of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Related Genes in Osteoarthritis by Bioinformatics and Experimental Verification. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3837-3852. [PMID: 37671131 PMCID: PMC10476866 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s414452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease with long-term pain and dysfunction that negatively affects the quality of life of patients. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), consisting of DNA, proteins and cytoplasm, are released by neutrophils and play an important role in a variety of diseases. However, the relationship between OA and NETs is unclear. Methods In our study, we used bioinformatics to explore the relationship between OA and NETs and the potential biological markers. GSE55235, GSE55457, GSE117999 and GSE98918 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for subsequent analysis.After differential analysis of OA expression matrices, intersection with NET-related genes (NRGs) was taken to identify Differentially expressed NRGs (DE-NRGs) in OA processes. Evaluation of immune cell infiltration by ssGSEA and CIBERSORT algorithm. The GSVA method was used to analyze the activity changes of Neutrophils pathway, Neutrophil degranulation and Neutrophil granule constituents pathway. Results Based on RandomForest (RF), Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) learning algorithms, five core genes (CRISPLD2, IL1B, SLC25A37, MMP9, and TLR7) were identified to construct an OA-related nomogram model for predicting OA progression. ROC curve results for these genes validated the nomogram's reliability. Correlation analysis, functional enrichment, and drug predictions were performed for the core genes. TLR7 emerged as a key focus due to its high importance ranking in RF and SVM-RFE analyses. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed a strong association between TLR7 and the Neutrophil extracellular trap pathway. Expression of core genes was demonstrated in mice OA models and human OA samples. TLR7 expression in ATDC5 cell line was significantly higher than control after TNFα induction, along with increased IL6 and MMP13. Conclusion TLR7 may be related to NETs and affects OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankuo Luan
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Kuang
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaming He
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Kim J, Ha S, Son M, Kim D, Kim MJ, Kim B, Kim D, Chung HY, Chung KW. TLR7 activation by miR-21 promotes renal fibrosis by activating the pro-inflammatory signaling pathway in tubule epithelial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:215. [PMID: 37596656 PMCID: PMC10439664 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01234-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is an endosomal TLR activated by single-stranded RNA, including endogenous microRNAs. Although TLR7 is known to promote inflammatory responses in pathophysiological conditions, its role in renal fibrosis has not been investigated. Here, we aim to investigate the inflammatory roles of TLR7 in kidney inflammation and fibrosis. METHODS TLR7 knockout mice (Tlr7 -/-) subjected to AD-induced kidney injury were utilized to examine the role of TLR7 in kidney fibrosis. To elucidate the role of TLR7 in renal epithelial cells, NRK52E rat renal tubule epithelial cells were employed. RESULTS Under fibrotic conditions induced by an adenine diet (AD), TLR7 was significantly increased in damaged tubule epithelial cells, where macrophages were highly infiltrated. TLR7 deficiency protected against AD-induced tubular damage, inflammation, and renal fibrosis. Under in vitro conditions, TLR7 activation increased NF-κB activity and induced chemokine expression, whereas TLR7 inhibition effectively blocked NF-κB activation. Furthermore, among the known TLR7 endogenous ligands, miR-21 was significantly upregulated in the tubular epithelial regions. In NRK52E cells, miR-21 treatment induced pro-inflammatory responses, which could be blocked by a TLR7 inhibitor. When the TLR7 inhibitor, M5049, was administered to the AD-induced renal fibrosis model, TLR7 inhibition significantly attenuated AD-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, activation of TLR7 by endogenous miR-21 in renal epithelial cells contributes to inflammatory responses in a renal fibrosis model, suggesting a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of renal fibrosis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugyeong Ha
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Son
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Functional Food Materials Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-Gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Assil S, Buters TP, Hameeteman PW, Hallard C, Treijtel N, Niemeyer – Van der Kolk T, de Kam ML, Florencia EFIII, Prens EP, van Doorn MBA, Rissmann R, Klarenbeek NB, Jansen MAA, Moerland M. Oral prednisolone suppresses skin inflammation in a healthy volunteer imiquimod challenge model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197650. [PMID: 37545524 PMCID: PMC10400434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Imiquimod (IMQ) is a topical agent that induces local inflammation via the Toll-like receptor 7 pathway. Recently, an IMQ-driven skin inflammation model was developed in healthy volunteers for proof-of-pharmacology trials. The aim of this study was to profile the cellular, biochemical, and clinical effects of the marketed anti-inflammatory compound prednisolone in an IMQ model. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 24 healthy volunteers. Oral prednisolone (0.25 mg/kg/dose) or placebo (1:1) was administered twice daily for 6 consecutive days. Two days after treatment initiation with prednisolone or placebo, 5 mg imiquimod (IMQ) once daily for two following days was applied under occlusion on the tape-stripped skin of the back for 48 h in healthy volunteers. Non-invasive (imaging and biophysical) and invasive (skin punch biopsies and blister induction) assessments were performed, as well as IMQ ex vivo stimulation of whole blood. Prednisolone reduced blood perfusion and skin erythema following 48 h of IMQ application (95% CI [-26.4%, -4.3%], p = 0.0111 and 95% CI [-7.96, -2.13], p = 0.0016). Oral prednisolone suppressed the IMQ-elevated total cell count (95% CI [-79.7%, -16.3%], p = 0.0165), NK and dendritic cells (95% CI [-68.7%, -5.2%], p = 0.0333, 95% CI [-76.9%, -13.9%], p = 0.0184), and classical monocytes (95% CI [-76.7%, -26.6%], p = 0.0043) in blister fluid. Notably, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, and Mx-A responses in blister exudate were also reduced by prednisolone compared to placebo. Oral prednisolone suppresses IMQ-induced skin inflammation, which underlines the value of this cutaneous challenge model in clinical pharmacology studies of novel anti-inflammatory compounds. In these studies, prednisolone can be used as a benchmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Assil
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas P. Buters
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Errol P. Prens
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Rissmann
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Naomi B. Klarenbeek
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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Brant MG, Garnett GAE, Guedia J, Lasalle M, Lawn S, Petersen ME, Duan R, Mendez-Campos J, Hirkala-Schaefer T, Winters GC, Barnscher SD. Generation and structure-activity relationships of novel imidazo-thienopyridine based TLR7 agonists: application as payloads for immunostimulatory antibody drug-conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 91:129348. [PMID: 37217025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pairing immunostimulatory small molecules with the targeting capability of an antibody has emerged as a novel therapeutic modality with the potential to treat a variety of solid tumors. A series of compounds based on an imidazo-thienopyridine scaffold were synthesized and tested for their ability to agonize the innate immune sensors toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that certain simple amino-substituents could enable TLR7 agonism at low nanomolar concentrations. Drug-linkers containing either payload 1 or 20h were conjugated to the HER2-targeting antibody trastuzumab at the interchain disulfide cysteine residues using a cleavable valine-citrulline dipeptide linker and stochastic thiol-maleimide chemistry. In vitro, these immune-stimulating antibody drug-conjugates (ADCs) were found to induce cytokine release in a murine splenocyte assay when co-cultured with the HER2-high NCI-N87 cancer cell line. In vivo, tumor regression was observed with a single dose in an NCI-N87 gastric carcinoma xenograft model in BALB/c nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Brant
- ADC Therapeutic Development, Zymeworks Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | - Joy Guedia
- ADC Therapeutic Development, Zymeworks Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manuel Lasalle
- ADC Therapeutic Development, Zymeworks Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samuel Lawn
- ADC Therapeutic Development, Zymeworks Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark E Petersen
- ADC Therapeutic Development, Zymeworks Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Renee Duan
- ADC Therapeutic Development, Zymeworks Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
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26
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Nishihata SY, Shimizu T, Umeda M, Furukawa K, Ohyama K, Kawakami A, Nakamura H. The Toll-like Receptor 7-Mediated Ro52 Antigen-Presenting Pathway in the Salivary Gland Epithelial Cells of Sjögren's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4423. [PMID: 37445456 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether stimulation with toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 leads to pathways that proceed to tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) or Ro52/SS-A antigen presentation through major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I in salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) from Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients. DESIGN AND METHODS Cultured SGECs from SS patients were stimulated with TLR7 agonist, loxoribine, and interferon-β. Cell lysates immunoprecipitated by anti-MHC class I antibody were analyzed by Western blotting. The immunofluorescence of salivary gland tissue from SS and non-SS subjects and cultured TLR7-stimulated SGECs was examined. RESULTS Significantly increased MHC class I expression was observed in SS patients' ducts versus non-SS ducts; no significant difference was detected for ubiquitin. Upregulated MHC class I in the cell membrane and cytoplasm and augmented Ro52 expression were observed in SGECs stimulated with TLR7. The formation of peptide-loading complex (PLC), including tapasin, calreticulin, transporter associated with antigen processing 1, and endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 57 in labial salivary glands (LSGs) from SS patients, was dominantly observed and colocalized with MHC class I, which was confirmed in TLR7-stimulated SGEC samples. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the TLR7 stimulation of SS patients' SGECs advances the process toward the antigen presentation of TRIM21/Ro52-SS-A via MHC class I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ya Nishihata
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masataka Umeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kaori Furukawa
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Molecular Pathochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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Keppler M, Straß S, Geiger S, Fischer T, Späth N, Weinstein T, Schwamborn A, Guezguez J, Guse JH, Laufer S, Burnet M. Imidazoquinolines with improved pharmacokinetic properties induce a high IFNα to TNFα ratio in vitro and in vivo. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1168252. [PMID: 37409123 PMCID: PMC10319141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1168252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR Agonists have promising activity in preclinical models of viral infection and cancer. However, clinical use is only in topical application. Systemic uses of TLR-ligands such as Resiquimod, have failed due to adverse effects that limited dose and thus, efficacy. This issue could be related to pharmacokinetic properties that include fast elimination leading to low AUC with simultaneously high cmax at relevant doses. The high cmax is associated with a sharp, poorly tolerated cytokine pulse, suggesting that a compound with a higher AUC/cmax-ratio could provide a more sustained and tolerable immune activation. Our approach was to design TLR7/8-agonist Imidazoquinolines intended to partition to endosomes via acid trapping using a macrolide-carrier. This can potentially extend pharmacokinetics and simultaneously direct the compounds to the target compartment. The compounds have hTLR7/8-agonist activity (EC50 of the most active compound in cellular assays: 75-120 nM hTLR7, 2.8-3.1 µM hTLR8) and maximal hTLR7 activation between 40 and 80% of Resiquimod. The lead candidates induce secretion of IFNα from human Leukocytes in the same range as Resiquimod but induce at least 10-fold less TNFα in this system, consistent with a higher specificity for human TLR7. This pattern was reproduced in vivo in a murine system, where small molecules are thought not to activate TLR8. We found that Imidazoquinolines conjugated to a macrolide or, substances carrying an unlinked terminal secondary amine, had longer exposure compared with Resiquimod. The kinetics of pro-inflammatory cytokine release for these substances in vivo were slower and more extended (for comparable AUCs, approximately half-maximal plasma concentrations). Maximal IFNα plasma levels were reached 4 h post application. Resiquimod-treated groups had by then returned to baseline from a peak at 1 h. We propose that the characteristic cytokine profile is likely a consequence of altered pharmacokinetics and, potentially, enhanced endosomal tropism of the novel substances. In particular, our substances are designed to partition to cellular compartments where the target receptor and a distinct combination of signaling molecules relevant to IFNα-release are located. These properties could address the tolerability issues of TLR7/8 ligands and provide insight into approaches to fine-tune the outcomes of TLR7/8 activation by small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Straß
- Synovo GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Laufer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Sawa T, Endo K, Nakashima A, Tanaka Y, Makabe H, Tanaka S. Procyanidin B2 3,3''-di-O-gallate ameliorates imiquimod-induced skin inflammation by suppressing TLR7 signaling through the inhibition of endosomal acidification in dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110444. [PMID: 37295030 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The excessive activation of abnormal T helper 17 (Th17) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in the dermis and epidermis causes severe inflammation of the skin. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-located in the endosomes of DCs-recognizes nucleic acids from pathogens as well as imiquimod (IMQ), which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of skin inflammation. Procyanidin B2 3,3''-di-O-gallate (PCB2DG), a polyphenol, has been reported to suppress the excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines from T cells. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of PCB2DG on skin inflammation and TLR7 signaling in DCs. In vivo studies showed that the clinical symptoms of dermatitis were markedly improved by the oral administration of PCB2DG in mouse dermatitis model caused by IMQ application, accompanied by the suppression of excessive cytokine secretion in the inflamed skin and spleen. In vitro, PCB2DG significantly decreased cytokine production in TLR7- or TLR9 ligand-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), suggesting that PCB2DG suppresses endosomal toll-like receptors (TLR) signaling in DCs. The activity of endosomal TLRs depends on endosomal acidification, which was significantly inhibited by PCB2DG in BMDCs. The addition of cAMP, an accelerator of endosomal acidification, abrogated the inhibitory effect of cytokine production by PCB2DG. These results provide a new insight into developing functional foods, including PCB2DG, to improve the symptoms of skin inflammation through the suppression of TLR7 signaling in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toko Sawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Katsunori Endo
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology Agriculture, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Akane Nakashima
- Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Yuna Tanaka
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Makabe
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology Agriculture, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; Division of Innovative Biomolecular Science, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Sachi Tanaka
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology Agriculture, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
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29
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Botía-Sánchez M, Galicia G, Albaladejo-Marico L, Toro-Domínguez D, Morell M, Marcos-Fernández R, Margolles A, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Gut epithelial barrier dysfunction in lupus triggers a differential humoral response against gut commensals. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200769. [PMID: 37346043 PMCID: PMC10280985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease with multisystemic involvement including intestinal inflammation. Lupus-associated intestinal inflammation may alter the mucosal barrier where millions of commensals have a dynamic and selective interaction with the host immune system. Here, we investigated the consequences of the intestinal inflammation in a TLR7-mediated lupus model. Methods IgA humoral and cellular response in the gut was measured. The barrier function of the gut epithelial layer was characterised. Also, microbiota composition in the fecal matter was analysed as well as the systemic humoral response to differential commensals. Results The lupus-associated intestinal inflammation modifies the IgA+ B cell response in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue in association with dysbiosis. Intestinal inflammation alters the tight junction protein distribution in the epithelial barrier, which correlated with increased permeability of the intestinal barrier and changes in the microbiota composition. This permeability resulted in a differential humoral response against intestinal commensals. Discussion Lupus development can cause alterations in microbiota composition, allowing specific species to colonize only the lupus gut. Eventually, these alterations and the changes in gut permeability induced by intestinal inflammation could lead to bacterial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Botía-Sánchez
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Georgina Galicia
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Lorena Albaladejo-Marico
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Toro-Domínguez
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Morell
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Marcos-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Marta E. Alarcón-Riquelme
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Huang Z, Gao Y, Han Y, Yang J, Yang C, Li S, Zhou D, Huang Q, Yang J. Revealing the roles of TLR7, a nucleic acid sensor for COVID-19 in pan-cancer. Biosaf Health 2023:S2590-0536(23)00054-X. [PMID: 37362864 PMCID: PMC10167782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that cancer was a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), a severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus's nucleic acid sensor, was discovered to be aberrantly expressed in many types of cancers. However, its expression pattern across cancers and association with COVID-19 (or its causing virus SARS-CoV-2) has not been systematically studied. In this study, we proposed a computational framework to comprehensively study the roles of TLR7 in COVID-19 and pan-cancers at genetic, gene expression, protein, epigenetic, and single-cell levels. We applied the computational framework in a few databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), lung gene expression data of mice infected with SARS-CoV-2, and the like. As a result, TLR7 expression was found to be higher in the lung of mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 than that in the control group. The analysis in the Opentargets database also confirmed the association between TLR7 and COVID-19. There are also a few exciting findings in cancers. First, the most common type of TLR7 was "Missense" at the genomic level. Second, TLR7 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in 6 cancer types and down-regulated in 6 cancer types compared to normal tissues, further validated in the HPA database at the protein level. The genes significantly co-expressed with TLR7 were mainly enriched in the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, endolysosome, and signaling pattern recognition receptor activity. In addition, the abnormal TLR7 expression was associated with mismatch repair (MMR), microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in various cancers. Mined by the ESTIMATE algorithm, the expression of TLR7 was also closely linked to various immune infiltration patterns in pan-cancer, and TLR7 was mainly enriched in macrophages, as revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Third, abnormal expression of TLR7 could predict the survival of Brain Lower Grade Glioma (LGG), Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM), Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and Testicular Germ Cell Tumors (TGCT) patients, respectively. Finally, TLR7 expressions were very sensitive to a few targeted drugs, such as Alectinib and Imiquimod. In conclusion, TLR7 might be essential in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Huang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yaoxin Gao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Can Yang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Shixiong Li
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Decong Zhou
- Geriatric Hospital of Hainan Medical Education Department, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Qiuyan Huang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Jialiang Yang
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, China
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Campbell GR, Rawat P, Teodorof-Diedrich C, Spector SA. IRAK1 inhibition blocks the HIV-1 RNA mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine response from microglia. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37256770 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are a common source of morbidity in people living with HIV (PLWH). Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has lessened the severity of neurocognitive disorders, cognitive impairment still occurs in PLWH receiving ART. The pathogenesis of HAND is likely multifaceted, but common factors include the persistence of HIV transcription within the central nervous system, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid, and the presence of activated microglia. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8 are innate pathogen recognition receptors located in microglia and other immune and non-immune cells that can recognise HIV RNA and trigger pro-inflammatory responses. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) 1 is key to these signalling pathways. Here, we show that IRAK1 inhibition inhibits the TLR7 and TLR8-dependent pro-inflammatory response to HIV RNA. Using genetic and pharmacological inhibition, we demonstrate that inhibition of IRAK1 prevents IRAK1 phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and the subsequent recruitment of TRAF6 and the TAK1 complex to IRAK1, resulting in the inhibition of downstream signalling and the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Campbell
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Pratima Rawat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Present address: Microbiologics Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carmen Teodorof-Diedrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephen A Spector
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
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Zhao J, Jeong H, Yang D, Tian W, Kim JW, Woong Lim C, Kim B. Toll-like receptor-7 signaling in Kupffer cells exacerbates concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110238. [PMID: 37126986 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Concanavalin A (ConA) is a plant lectin that can induce immune-mediated liver damage. ConA induced liver damage animal model is a widely accepted model that can mimic clinical acute hepatitis and immune-mediated liver injury in humans. Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR7), a member of the TLR family, plays a key role in pathogen recognition and innate immune activation. The aim of this study was to examine the role of TLR7 in the pathogenesis of ConA-induced liver injury. Acute liver injury was induced by intravenous injection with ConA in WT (wild-type) and TLR7 knockout (KO) mice. Results showed that attenuated liver injury in TLR7-deficient mice, as indicated by increased survival rate, decreased aminotransferase levels, and reduced pathological lesions, was associated with decreased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in livers. Consistently, significantly decreased proliferation of CD4+ T cell was detected in ConA-stimulated TLR7-deficient splenocytes, but not in CD3/CD28 stimulated TLR7-deficient CD4+ T cells. Moreover, TLR7 deficiency in KCs specifically suppressed the expression of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α). Depletion of KCs abolished the detrimental role of TLR7 in ConA-induced liver injury. Taken together, these results demonstrate that TLR7 can regulate the expression of TNF-α in KCs, which is necessary for the full progression of ConA-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China; Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuneui Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daram Yang
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Weishun Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Simón-Fuentes M, Herrero C, Acero-Riaguas L, Nieto C, Lasala F, Labiod N, Luczkowiak J, Alonso B, Delgado R, Colmenares M, Corbí ÁL, Domínguez-Soto Á. TLR7 Activation in M-CSF-Dependent Monocyte-Derived Human Macrophages Potentiates Inflammatory Responses and Prompts Neutrophil Recruitment. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:517-530. [PMID: 37040733 PMCID: PMC10315069 DOI: 10.1159/000530249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is an endosomal pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptor that senses single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and whose engagement results in the production of type I IFN and pro-inflammatory cytokines upon viral exposure. Recent genetic studies have established that a dysfunctional TLR7-initiated signaling is directly linked to the development of inflammatory responses. We present evidence that TLR7 is preferentially expressed by monocyte-derived macrophages generated in the presence of M-CSF (M-MØ). We now show that TLR7 activation in M-MØ triggers a weak MAPK, NFκB, and STAT1 activation and results in low production of type I IFN. Of note, TLR7 engagement reprograms MAFB+ M-MØ towards a pro-inflammatory transcriptional profile characterized by the expression of neutrophil-attracting chemokines (CXCL1-3, CXCL5, CXCL8), whose expression is dependent on the transcription factors MAFB and AhR. Moreover, TLR7-activated M-MØ display enhanced pro-inflammatory responses and a stronger production of neutrophil-attracting chemokines upon secondary stimulation. As aberrant TLR7 signaling and enhanced pulmonary neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio associate with impaired resolution of virus-induced inflammatory responses, these results suggest that targeting macrophage TLR7 might be a therapeutic strategy for viral infections where monocyte-derived macrophages exhibit a pathogenic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Simón-Fuentes
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Herrero
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Acero-Riaguas
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concha Nieto
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatima Lasala
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Labiod
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joanna Luczkowiak
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Alonso
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Colmenares
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel L Corbí
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Boldison J, Hopkinson JR, Davies J, Pearson JA, Leete P, Richardson S, Morgan NG, Wong FS. Gene expression profiling in NOD mice reveals that B cells are highly educated by the pancreatic environment during autoimmune diabetes. Diabetologia 2023; 66:551-566. [PMID: 36508037 PMCID: PMC9892163 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS B cells play an important role in driving the development of type 1 diabetes; however, it remains unclear how they contribute to local beta cell destruction during disease progression. Here, we use gene expression profiling of B cell subsets identified in inflamed pancreatic tissue to explore their primary functional role during the progression of autoimmune diabetes. METHODS Transcriptional profiling was performed on FACS-sorted B cell subsets isolated from pancreatic islets and the pancreatic lymph nodes of NOD mice. RESULTS B cells are highly modified by the inflamed pancreatic tissue and can be distinguished by their transcriptional profile from those in the lymph nodes. We identified both a discrete and a core shared gene expression profile in islet CD19+CD138- and CD19+CD138+ B cell subsets, the latter of which is known to have enriched autoreactivity during diabetes development. On localisation to pancreatic islets, compared with CD138- B cells, CD138+ B cells overexpress genes associated with adhesion molecules and growth factors. Their shared signature consists of gene expression changes related to the differentiation of antibody-secreting cells and gene regulatory networks associated with IFN signalling pathways, proinflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. Finally, abundant TLR7 expression was detected in islet B cells and was enhanced specifically in CD138+ B cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study provides a detailed transcriptional analysis of islet B cells. Specific gene signatures and interaction networks have been identified that point towards a functional role for B cells in driving autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Boldison
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Jessica R Hopkinson
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Joanne Davies
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - James A Pearson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Pia Leete
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah Richardson
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - F Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Li C, Guan N, Liu F. T7 peptide-decorated exosome-based nanocarrier system for delivery of Galectin-9 siRNA to stimulate macrophage repolarization in glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2023; 162:93-108. [PMID: 36854924 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exosomes are nano-vesicular carriers capable of delivering cargoes for intercellular communication, which holds potential as biocompatible and high efficiency systems for drug delivery. In this study, we evaluated the potential effect of T7 peptide-decorated exosome-loaded Galectin-9 siRNA (T7-Exo/siGalectin-9) in the M1 polarization of macrophages and immunosuppression of glioblastoma (GBM). METHODS Differentially expressed genes in GBM were in silico predicted and then experimentally verified. Galectin-9 was knocked down by siRNA to assess its role in tumor-bearing mice. T7 peptide-decorated exosomes (derived from human embryonic kidney [HEK]-293T cells) targeting GBM were prepared, and loaded with Galectin-9 siRNA by electroporation to prepare nanoformulations (T7-Exo/siGalectin-9). The role of T7-Exo/siGalectin-9 in CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity to target GBM cells and polarization of macrophages was evaluated after artificial modulation of Galectin-9 expression. Anti-tumor effects of T7-Exo/siGalectin-9 were elucidated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Galectin-9 was highly expressed in GBM tissues and cell lines. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of Galectin-9 repressed the growth of xenografts of GBM cells in C57BL/6 mice and activated immune response in the tumor microenvironment. T7-Exo/siGalectin-9 effectively delivered siGalectin-9 to GBM cells. T7-Exo/siGalectin-9 contributed to activation of the TLR7-IRF5 pathway, which polarized macrophages to M1 phenotype. By this mechanism, phagocytosis of GBM cells by macrophages was increased, the anti-tumor effect of CD8+ T cells was enhanced and the inflammatory responses were suppressed. CONCLUSION Overall, T7-Exo/siGalectin-9 promotes macrophage repolarization and restricts the immunosuppression of GBM, thus providing novel insights into and drug delivery system of immunotherapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Bagci G, Gundogdu O, Pektas AN, Bagci B, Avci O, Gursoy S, Kaygusuz K, Elaldi N. The investigation of host genetic variants of toll-like receptor 7 and 8 in COVID-19. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2023:1-17. [PMID: 36787168 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2176515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize infectious agents and play an important role in the innate immune system. Studies have suggested that TLR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with poor antiviral responses against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship of TLR7 and TLR8 (SNPs) with COVID-19 disease prognosis. A total of 120 COVID-19 patients, 40 outpatients, 40 clinical ward patients and 40 intensive care unit (ICU) patients were included in the study. TLR7 (rs179009), TLR8-129 C/G (rs3764879) and TLR8 Met1Val (rs3764880) SNPs were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. In female patients, individuals carrying AG genotype and G allele for TLR8 Met1Val SNP were found at a higher frequency in patients hospitalized in the ICU than in patients followed in the clinical ward (p < 0.05). In terms of the other two SNPs, no significant difference was found between the groups in females. Furthermore, in male patients, A allele of TLR7 rs179009 SNP was at a higher frequency in patients who have at least one comorbidity than in patients who have no comorbidity (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that TLR8 Met1Val SNP is important in the COVID-19 disease severity in females. Furthermore, TLR7 rs179009 SNP is important in male patients in the presence of comorbid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Bagci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Gundogdu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ayse Nur Pektas
- Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Binnur Bagci
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Onur Avci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sinan Gursoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Kenan Kaygusuz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Nazif Elaldi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Eskuri M, Kemi N, Helminen O, Huhta H, Kauppila JH. Toll-like receptors 3, 7, 8, and 9 in gastric cancer. APMIS 2023; 131:92-99. [PMID: 36271773 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to have anti-tumor, pro-tumor, or even dual effects in cancer, and are thus potential prognostic biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets. The present study aimed to evaluate associations between endosomal TLRs, namely TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9, expression and clinicopathological variables and survival in gastric cancer. A total of 564 gastric adenocarcinoma patients were included in this retrospective cohort study. Samples and clinicopathological data were retrieved and organized into tissue microarray blocks. Protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The patients were divided into low expression and high expression groups by median values of expression. Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for confounders. Patients with high nuclear TLR3 expression had significantly poorer 5-year survival than the low nuclear TLR3 expression group in the univariable analysis (crude HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.60). With radically resected patients, poor prognosis was also seen in the multivariable analysis (adjusted HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.08-1.77). Cytoplasmic TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 were not associated with 5-year survival. In conclusion, high nuclear TLR3 expression seems to have prognostic impact in gastric cancer, while TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Eskuri
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Kemi
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Helminen
- Surgery Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Huhta
- Surgery Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Joonas H Kauppila
- Surgery Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Alves JM, Inyushin M, Tsytsarev V, Roldan-Kalil JA, Miranda-Valentin E, Maldonado-Martinez G, Ramos-Feliciano KM, Hunter-Mellado R. Adjuvant effect of dendritic cells activator Imiquimod in genetic immunization with HIV-1 p55 Gag. J Immunol Tech Infect Dis 2023; 12:330. [PMID: 37205236 PMCID: PMC10191261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are important antigen-presenting cells that have abilities to induce and maintain T-cell immunity, or attenuate it during hyperimmunization. Additional activation of DCs may be useful for vaccination purposes. Imiquimod is known to be a specific agonist of the Toll-like receptors (TLR7), which are located mainly on DCs. To study the effect of DC stimulation on the effectiveness of an HIV-1 p55 gag DNA vaccine in a mice model, we employed 25, 50, and 100 nM of Imiquimod as an adjuvant. Subsequently, Western blot analysis was used to quantify p55 protein production after the immunization. To characterize T-cells immune response, both the frequency of IFN-γ -secreting cells and IFN-γ and IL-4 production were measured, via an ELIspot assay and ELISA, respectively. Low concentrations of Imiquimod were found to effectively stimulate Gag production and the magnitude of the T-cell immune response, whereas higher concentrations reduced vaccination effects. Our results show that the adjuvant effects of Imiquimod depend on concentration. The use of Imiquimod may be helpful to study DC to T cell communication, including possible induction of immunotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina M Alves
- Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00960
| | - Mikhail Inyushin
- Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00960
| | | | | | - Eric Miranda-Valentin
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Zheng H, Wu P, Bonnet PA. Recent Advances on Small-Molecule Antagonists Targeting TLR7. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020634. [PMID: 36677692 PMCID: PMC9865772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognizing the pathogen-associated elements and damage and as such is a major player in the innate immune system. TLR7 triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines or type-I interferons (IFN), which is essential for immunoregulation. Increasing reports also highlight that the abnormal activation of endosomal TLR7 is implicated in various immune-related diseases, carcinogenesis as well as the proliferation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Hence, the design and development of potent and selective TLR7 antagonists based on small molecules or oligonucleotides may offer new tools for the prevention and management of such diseases. In this review, we offer an updated overview of the main structural features and therapeutic potential of small-molecule antagonists of TLR7. Various heterocyclic scaffolds targeting TLR7 binding sites are presented: pyrazoloquinoxaline, quinazoline, purine, imidazopyridine, pyridone, benzanilide, pyrazolopyrimidine/pyridine, benzoxazole, indazole, indole, and quinoline. Additionally, their structure-activity relationships (SAR) studies associated with biological activities and protein binding modes are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zheng
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Peiyang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Pierre-Antoine Bonnet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ENSCM, Montpellier University, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique CNRS, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
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Amendt T, Yu P. TLR7 and IgM: Dangerous Partners in Autoimmunity. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 36648888 DOI: 10.3390/antib12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The B cell antigen receptor (BCR)-repertoire is capable of recognizing a nearly unlimited number of antigens. Inevitably, the random nature of antibody gene segment rearrangement, needed in order to provide mature B cells, will generate autoreactive specificities. Once tolerance mechanisms fail to block the activation and differentiation of autoreactive B cells, harmful autoantibodies may get secreted establishing autoimmune diseases. Besides the hallmark of autoimmunity, namely IgG autoantibodies, IgM autoantibodies are also found in many autoimmune diseases. In addition to pathogenic functions of secreted IgM the IgM-BCR expressing B cell might be the initial check-point where, in conjunction with innate receptor signals, B cell mediated autoimmunity starts it fateful course. Recently, pentameric IgM autoantibodies have been shown to contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), pemphigus or autoimmune neuropathy. Further, recent studies suggest differences in the recognition of autoantigen by IgG and IgM autoantibodies, or propose a central role of anti-ACE2-IgM autoantibodies in severe COVID-19. However, exact mechanisms still remain to be uncovered in detail. This article focuses on summarizing recent findings regarding the importance of autoreactive IgM in establishing autoimmune diseases.
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Li J, Liu L, Xing J, Chen D, Fang C, Mo F, Gong Y, Tan Z, Liang G, Xiao W, Tang S, Wei H, Zhao S, Xie H, Pan X, Yin X, Huang J. TLR7 modulates extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis in P. yoelii NSM-infected mice through the regulation of iron metabolism of macrophages with IFN-γ. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1123074. [PMID: 37180169 PMCID: PMC10174296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Splenomegaly is a prominent clinical manifestation of malaria and the causes remain incompletely clear. Anemia is induced in malaria and extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis is compensation for the loss of erythrocytes. However, the regulation of extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis in malaria is unknown. An inflammatory response could facilitate extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis in the settings of infection and inflammation. Here, when mice were infected with rodent parasites, Plasmodium yoelii NSM, TLR7 expression in splenocytes was increased. To explore the roles of TLR7 in splenic erythropoiesis, we infected wild-type and TLR7 -/- C57BL/6 mice with P. yoelii NSM and found that the development of splenic erythroid progenitor cells was impeded in TLR7 -/- mice. Contrarily, the treatment of the TLR7 agonist, R848, promoted extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis in wild-type infected mice, which highlights the implication of TLR7 on splenic erythropoiesis. Then, we found that TLR7 promoted the production of IFN-γ that could enhance phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes by RAW264.7. After phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes, the iron metabolism of RAW264.7 was upregulated, evidenced by higher iron content and expression of Hmox1 and Slc40a1. Additionally, the neutralization of IFN-γ impeded the extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis modestly and reduced the iron accumulation in the spleen of infected mice. In conclusion, TLR7 promoted extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis in P. yoelii NSM-infected mice. TLR7 enhanced the production of IFN-γ, and IFN-γ promoted phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes and the iron metabolism of macrophages in vitro, which may be related to the regulation of extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis by TLR7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junmin Xing
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianhui Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Mo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Gong
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Tan
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guikuan Liang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanni Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Wei
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingfei Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xingfei Pan, ; Xiaomao Yin, ; Jun Huang,
| | - Xiaomao Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xingfei Pan, ; Xiaomao Yin, ; Jun Huang,
| | - Jun Huang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lecong Hospital, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Xingfei Pan, ; Xiaomao Yin, ; Jun Huang,
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Wen L, Zhang B, Wu X, Liu R, Fan H, Han L, Zhang Z, Ma X, Chu CQ, Shi X. Toll-like receptors 7 and 9 regulate the proliferation and differentiation of B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1093208. [PMID: 36875095 PMCID: PMC9975558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1093208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune illness marked by the loss of immune tolerance and the production of autoantibodies against nucleic acids and other nuclear antigens (Ags). B lymphocytes are important in the immunopathogenesis of SLE. Multiple receptors control abnormal B-cell activation in SLE patients, including intrinsic Toll-like receptors (TLRs), B-cell receptors (BCRs), and cytokine receptors. The role of TLRs, notably TLR7 and TLR9, in the pathophysiology of SLE has been extensively explored in recent years. When endogenous or exogenous nucleic acid ligands are recognized by BCRs and internalized into B cells, they bind TLR7 or TLR9 to activate related signalling pathways and thus govern the proliferation and differentiation of B cells. Surprisingly, TLR7 and TLR9 appear to play opposing roles in SLE B cells, and the interaction between them is still poorly understood. In addition, other cells can enhance TLR signalling in B cells of SLE patients by releasing cytokines that accelerate the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells. Therefore, the delineation of how TLR7 and TLR9 regulate the abnormal activation of B cells in SLE may aid the understanding of the mechanisms of SLE and provide directions for TLR-targeted therapies for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xinfeng Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Rongzeng Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Office of Research & Innovation, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Cong-Qiu Chu
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University and VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Wang ZH, Feng Y, Hu Q, Wang XL, Zhang L, Liu TT, Zhang JT, Yang X, Fu QY, Fu DN, Hu J, Liu T. Keratinocyte TLR2 and TLR7 contribute to chronic itch through pruritic cytokines and chemokines in mice. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:257-273. [PMID: 36436135 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although neuronal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (e.g., TLR2, TLR3, and TLR7) have been implicated in itch sensation, the roles of keratinocyte TLRs in chronic itch are elusive. Herein, we evaluated the roles of keratinocyte TLR2 and TLR7 in chronic itch under dry skin and psoriasis conditions, which was induced by either acetone-ether-water treatment or 5% imiquimod cream in mice, respectively. We found that TLR2 and TLR7 signaling were significantly upregulated in dry skin and psoriatic skin in mice. Chronic itch and epidermal hyperplasia induced by dry skin or psoriasis were comparably reduced in TLR2 and TLR7 knockout mice. In the dry skin model, the enhanced messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of pruritic CXCL1/2, IL-31, IL-33, ST2, IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were inhibited in TLR2-/- mice, while CXCL2, IL-31, and IL-6 were inhibited in TLR7-/- mice. In psoriasis model, the enhanced mRNA expression levels of pruritic CXCL1/2, IL-31, IL-33, ST2, IL-6, and TNF-α were inhibited in TLR2-/- mice, while CXCL1/2, IL-31, IL-33, ST2, IL-6, IL-17A, and TNF-α were inhibited in TLR7-/- mice. Incubation with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) peptidoglycan (PGN-SA) (a TLR2 agonist), imiquimod (a TLR7 agonist), and miR142-3p (a putative TLR7 agonist) were sufficient to upregulate the expression of pruritic cytokines or chemokines in cultured keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Finally, pharmacological blockade of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1/2 and high mobility group box protein 1 dose-dependently attenuated acute and chronic itch in mice. Together, these results indicate that keratinocyte TLR2 and TLR7 signaling pathways are distinctly involved in the pathogenesis of chronic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingfang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Long Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Teng-Teng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Zhang
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- The Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University, Haian, China
| | - Qing-Yue Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan-Ni Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,College of Life Sciences, Yanan University, Yanan, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine and Equipment, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Wang J, Gan M. DNA Nanoflowers' Amelioration of Lupus Symptoms in Mice via Blockade of TLR7/9's Signal. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416030. [PMID: 36555668 PMCID: PMC9784230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotides (INH-ODN) can exert an immunomodulatory effect to specifically block TLR7 and TLR9 signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To extend the half-life of INH-ODN in vivo, the phosphorothioate backbone, instead of the native phosphodiester, is preferred due to its strong resistance against nuclease degradation. However, its incomplete degradation in vivo may lead to potential risk. To solve these problems and enhance the blockage of TLR7 and TLR9, we prepared highly compressed DNA nanoflowers with prolonged native DNA backbones and repeated INH-ODN motifs. Three therapeutic types of nanoflower, incorporating INH-ODN sequences, including IRS 661, IRS 869, and IRS 954, were prepared by rolling circle amplification and were subcutaneously injected into MRL/lpr mice. The TLR7 blocker of the IRS 661 nanoflower and the TLR9 antagonist of the IRS 869 nanoflower could decrease autoantibodies, reduce cytokine secretion, and alleviate lupus nephritis in mice. However, the IRS 954 nanoflower, the TLR7 and TLR9 dual antagonist, did not have additive or opposing effects on lupus nephritis but only showed a decrease in serum IFNα, suggesting that the TLR7 and TLR9 antagonist may have a competition mechanism or signal-dependent switching relationship. INH-ODN nanoflowers were proposed as a novel and potential therapeutic nucleic acids for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingzhe Gan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-512-62872987
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Voss LF, Howarth AJ, Wittenborn TR, Hummelgaard S, Juul-Madsen K, Kastberg KS, Pedersen MK, Jensen L, Papanastasiou AD, Vorup-Jensen T, Weyer K, Degn SE. The extrafollicular response is sufficient to drive initiation of autoimmunity and early disease hallmarks of lupus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1021370. [PMID: 36591222 PMCID: PMC9795406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many autoimmune diseases are characterized by germinal center (GC)-derived, affinity-matured, class-switched autoantibodies, and strategies to block GC formation and progression are currently being explored clinically. However, extrafollicular responses can also play a role. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the extrafollicular pathway to autoimmune disease development. Methods We blocked the GC pathway by knocking out the transcription factor Bcl-6 in GC B cells, leaving the extrafollicular pathway intact. We tested the impact of this intervention in two murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a pharmacological model based on chronic epicutaneous application of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 agonist Resiquimod (R848), and 564Igi autoreactive B cell receptor knock-in mice. The B cell intrinsic effects were further investigated in vitro and in autoreactive mixed bone marrow chimeras. Results GC block failed to curb autoimmune progression in the R848 model based on anti-dsDNA and plasma cell output, superoligomeric DNA complexes, and immune complex deposition in glomeruli. The 564Igi model confirmed this based on anti-dsDNA and plasma cell output. In vitro, loss of Bcl-6 prevented GC B cell expansion and accelerated plasma cell differentiation. In a competitive scenario in vivo, B cells harboring the genetic GC block contributed disproportionately to the plasma cell output. Discussion We identified the extrafollicular pathway as a key contributor to autoimmune progression. We propose that therapeutic targeting of low quality and poorly controlled extrafollicular responses could be a desirable strategy to curb autoreactivity, as it would leave intact the more stringently controlled and high-quality GC responses providing durable protection against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse F. Voss
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisbeth Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kathrin Weyer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren E. Degn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,*Correspondence: Søren E. Degn,
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Gómez-Carballa A, Pardo-Seco J, Pischedda S, Rivero-Calle I, Butler-Laporte G, Richards JB, Viz-Lasheras S, Martinón-Torres F, Salas A. Sex-biased expression of the TLR7 gene in severe COVID-19 patients: Insights from transcriptomics and epigenomics. Environ Res 2022; 215:114288. [PMID: 36152884 PMCID: PMC9508271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is abundant epidemiological data indicating that the incidence of severe cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is significantly higher in males than females worldwide. Moreover, genetic variation at the X-chromosome linked TLR7 gene has been associated with COVID-19 severity. It has been suggested that the sex-biased incidence of COVID-19 might be related to the fact that TLR7 escapes X-chromosome inactivation during early embryogenesis in females, thus encoding a doble dose of its gene product compared to males. We analyzed TLR7 expression in two acute phase cohorts of COVID-19 patients that used two different technological platforms, one of them in a multi-tissue context including saliva, nasal, and blood samples, and a third cohort that included different post-infection timepoints of long-COVID-19 patients. We additionally explored methylation patterns of TLR7 using epigenomic data from an independent cohort of COVID-19 patients stratified by severity and sex. In line with genome-wide association studies, we provide supportive evidence indicating that TLR7 has altered CpG methylation patterns and it is consistently downregulated in males compared to females in the most severe cases of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gómez-Carballa
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain; Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain
| | - J Pardo-Seco
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain; Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain
| | - S Pischedda
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain; Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain
| | - I Rivero-Calle
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain; Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G Butler-Laporte
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - J B Richards
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - S Viz-Lasheras
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain; Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain
| | - F Martinón-Torres
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain; Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Salas
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain; Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain.
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Williams B, Zhu J, Zou L, Chao W. Innate immune TLR7 signaling mediates platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation in murine bacterial sepsis. Platelets 2022; 33:1251-1259. [PMID: 35920588 PMCID: PMC9833650 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2107627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a common complication in sepsis and is associated with higher mortality. Activated platelets express CD62P, which facilitates platelet-leukocyte aggregate (PLA) formation and contributes to thrombocytopenia in sepsis. We have reported that thrombocytopenia in murine sepsis is partly attributable to TLR7 signaling, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that TLR7 mediates platelet activation and PLA formation during sepsis. In vitro, whole blood from WT mice treated with loxoribine, a TLR7 agonist, exhibited a dose-dependent increase in activated platelets compared to the control (PBS with 0.05% DMSO) or loxoribine-treated TLR7-/- whole blood. In a murine model of sepsis, there was a significant increase in platelet activation and PLA formation 24 hours after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) as evidenced by double positive expression of CD41+/CD62P+ and CD45+/CD62P+, respectively. The sepsis-induced PLA formation was significantly attenuated in TLR7-/- mice. Finally, in ex-vivo experiments, plasma isolated from septic mice induced WT platelet activation, but such effect was significantly attenuated in platelets deficient of TLR7. These findings demonstrate a pivotal role of TLR7 signaling in platelet activation and PLA formation during bacterial sepsis.
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Chan AR, Cohen Tervaert JW, Redmond D, Yacyshyn E, Ferrara G, Hwang PM, Osman M, Gniadecki R. A case series of dermatomyositis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1013378. [PMID: 36419787 PMCID: PMC9676274 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1013378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The most significant adverse events following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are myocarditis and pericarditis. Myositis and dermatomyositis have been reported following SARS-CoV-2 infection, but vaccine-induced dermatomyositis (DM) has not been reported. Our case series aimed to characterize new onset dermatomyositis or disease-related flares following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 53 patients from our institution with a new or pre-existing diagnosis of DM were recruited and consented. Phone interviews were conducted to obtain vaccination status and symptoms following vaccination. Electronic medical records were reviewed to extract age, sex, autoantibody profiles, comorbidities, immunomodulatory therapies, creatine kinase (CK) values, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination dates from the provincial vaccination registry. For patients who reported disease flares, records were reviewed for the onset and nature of symptoms, extent of organ involvement and changes in immunomodulation. RESULTS On average, patients received 2.62 vaccine doses (range 1-3 doses). A total of 3 of 51 patients (5.88%) experienced dermatomyositis symptoms following vaccination. Two patients were newly diagnosed with dermatomyositis, one requiring hospitalization. Reported symptom onset following vaccination ranged from 1 to 30 days. Of note, all of these patients had normal CK values, even though there was muscle biopsy-confirmed myositis in one patient. Eight patients in the cohort (15.1%) had asymptomatic CK elevation (<1.5 X ULN). CONCLUSION New onset dermatomyositis or flare up of pre-existing dermatomyositis may be a rare complication in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination although no studies can support a true correlation. Several pathophysiologic mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airiss R. Chan
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Desiree Redmond
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Elaine Yacyshyn
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Giovanni Ferrara
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peter M. Hwang
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mohamed Osman
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robert Gniadecki
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Yu X, Long Y, Chen B, Tong Y, Shan M, Jia X, Hu C, Liu M, Zhou J, Tang F, Lu H, Chen R, Xu P, Huang W, Ren J, Wan Y, Sun J, Li J, Jin G, Gong L. PD-L1/ TLR7 dual-targeting nanobody-drug conjugate mediates potent tumor regression via elevating tumor immunogenicity in a host-expressed PD-L1 bias-dependent way. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004590. [PMID: 36253000 PMCID: PMC9577932 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various tumors are insensitive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) establish the link between innate and adaptive immunity, which can assist T-cell activation and serve as promising targets for combination to enhance ICB therapy. Here, we aimed to improve efficacy for anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy by developing a PD-L1/TLR7 dual-targeting nanobody-drug conjugate (NDC), based on the PD-L1 nanobodies and TLR7 agonist we developed. Methods PD-L1 nanobodies were obtained by phage display screening and identified through T-cell activation bioassay, in vivo imaging and quantitative biodistribution study. Immune activation and PD-L1-inducing of TLR7 agonists were evaluated in diverse innate cell models. We constructed PD-L1/TLR7 dual-targeting NDCs by chemically coupling PD-L1 nanobodies and TLR7 agonists. The antitumor effect was evaluated via several murine or humanized solid tumor models. Immunophenotyping, immune cell depletion, tumor rechallenge, RNA sequencing and PD-L1-deficient models were combined to determine the mechanism for NDCs function. The dynamics of the in vivo behaviors of NDCs were assessed based on multiorgan changes in PD-L1 levels. Results The screened PD-L1 nanobodies were characterized as tumor-targeting and alleviated T-cell immunosuppression. The TLR7 agonists induced broad innate immune responses and intratumoral PD-L1 expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and its antitumor effect was dependent on intratumoral delivery. The combination of TLR7 agonists and PD-L1 nanobodies activated both innate and adaptive immunity and upregulated PD-L1-related signaling pathways. After coupling to form dual-targeting NDCs, TLR7 agonists and PD-L1 nanobodies exerted synergistic antitumor effects and safety in either ‘hot’ or ‘cold’ tumor and early or advanced tumor models, reshaped the tumor immune microenvironment and induced antitumor immune memory. CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells were the main effector cells for NDCs to function. NDCs can promote PD-L1 expression on intratumoral APCs and tumor cells, and subsequently achieve targeted enrichment in tumors. Moreover, the efficacy of NDCs is biased toward dependence on host expression of PD-L1. Conclusions The novel PD-L1/TLR7 dual-targeting NDC exhibited potent efficacy against heterogeneous tumors through orchestrating innate and adaptive immunity, which could act as a promising strategy to improve ICB therapy and shows prospects for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiru Long
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binfan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongliang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwen Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- International Cancer Center, Nation-Regional Engineering Lab for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Henglei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Runqiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyi Jin
- International Cancer Center, Nation-Regional Engineering Lab for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Likun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
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Abstract
Traditional antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) technology has employed tumor-targeting antibodies to selectively deliver ultrapotent cytotoxins to tumor tissue. While this technology has been highly successful, resulting in the FDA approval of over 10 ADCs, the field continues to struggle with modest efficacy and significant off-target toxicity. Concurrent with the struggles of the ADC field, a new generation of immune-activating therapeutics has arisen, most clearly exemplified by the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors that are now part of standard-of-care treatment regimens for a variety of cancers. The success of these immuno-oncology therapeutic agents has prompted the investigation of a variety of new immuno-stimulant approaches, including toll-like receptor (TLR) activators. Herein, we describe the optimization of ADC technology for the selective delivery of a potent series of TLR7 agonists. A series of imidazole[4,5-c]quinoline agonists (as exemplified by compound 1) were shown to selectively agonize the human and mouse TLR7 receptor at low nanomolar concentrations, resulting in the release of IFNα from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) and the upregulation of CD86 on antigen-presenting cells. Compound 1 was attached to a deglycosylated (Fc-γ null) HER2-targeting antibody via a cleavable linker, resulting in an ADC (anti-HER2_vc-1) that potently and selectively activated the TLR7 pathway in tumor-associated macrophages via a "bystander" mechanism. We demonstrated that this ADC rapidly released the TLR7 agonist into the media when incubated with HER2+ cells. This release was not observed upon incubation with an isotype control ADC and furthermore was suppressed by co-administration of the naked antibody. In co-culture experiments with HER2+ HCC1954 cells, this ADC induced the activation of the NFκB pathway in mouse macrophages and the release of IFNα from hPBMCs, while a corresponding isotype control ADC did not. Finally, we demonstrated that IP administration of anti-HER2_vc-1 induced complete tumor regression in an HCC1954 xenograft study in SCID beige mice. Unlike related ADC technology that has been reported recently, our technology relies on the passive diffusion of the TLR7 agonist into tumor-associated macrophages rather than Fc-γ-mediated uptake. Based on these observations, we believe that this ADC technology holds significant potential for both oncology and infectious disease applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siteng Fang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Brittany M Brems
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Emmanuel O Olawode
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Jared T Miller
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Tracy A Brooks
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - L Nathan Tumey
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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