1
|
Adamu AA, Jalo RI, Muhammad ID, Essoh TA, Ndwandwe D, Wiysonge CS. Sustainable financing for vaccination towards advancing universal health coverage in the WHO African region: The strategic role of national health insurance. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2320505. [PMID: 38414114 PMCID: PMC10903629 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2320505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing political interest in health reforms in Africa, and many countries are choosing national health insurance as their main financing mechanism for universal health coverage. Although vaccination is an essential health service that can influence progress toward universal health coverage, it is not often prioritized by these national health insurance systems. This paper highlights the potential gains of integrating vaccination into the package of health services that is provided through national health insurance and recommends practical policy actions that can enable countries to harness these benefits at population level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdu A. Adamu
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rabiu I. Jalo
- Department of Community Medicine, Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim D. Muhammad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Téné-Alima Essoh
- Agence de Médecine Préventive, Regional Office for Africa, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire
| | - Duduzile Ndwandwe
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles S. Wiysonge
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Programme, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dykstra VW, Willoughby T, Evans AD. Longitudinal associations between lie evaluations and frequency: The moderating role of age. Dev Sci 2024; 27:e13465. [PMID: 38105700 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
While previous studies have demonstrated correlations between children and adolescents' evaluations of lies and lie-telling behaviors, the temporal order of these associations over time and changes across this developmental period remain unexamined. The current study examined longitudinal associations among children and adolescents' (N = 1128; Mage = 11.54, SD = 1.68, 49.80% male, and 83.6% white) evaluations of lies to parents for autonomy and lie-telling frequency to parents and friends. Autoregressive cross-lagged analysis revealed longitudinal associations moderated by age. Among children, evaluations of lies predicted greater lie-telling rates over time. Conversely, among adolescents, lie-telling frequency predicted lie evaluations over time, and evaluations predicted lying to parents over time. These results demonstrate a novel developmental pattern of the associations between moral evaluations of lies and lie-telling. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Children and adolescents' evaluations of lie-telling and lie-telling frequency were associated longitudinally, but the direction of this association was moderated by age. Among children, more positive lie evaluations predicted greater lie-telling to parents and friends over time. Among adolescents, more positive lie evaluations predicted lying more often to parents over time; lying more to parents and friends predicted more positive evaluations over time. These findings suggest a novel developmental pattern regarding the temporal order of the association between evaluations of lie-telling and lie-telling frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria W Dykstra
- Psychology Department, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teena Willoughby
- Psychology Department, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela D Evans
- Psychology Department, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ng NBH, Lim CYS, Tan SCHL, Foo YW, Tok CLX, Lim YY, Goh DYT, Loke KY, Lee YS. Screening for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children and adolescents with obesity: A scoping review of national and international pediatric obesity and pediatric OSA management guidelines. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13712. [PMID: 38355893 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent complication that affects up to 60% of children and adolescents with obesity. It is associated with poorer cardiometabolic outcomes and neurocognitive deficits. Appropriate screening and intervention for OSA are crucial in the management of children with obesity. We performed a scoping review of international and national pediatric obesity (n = 30) and pediatric OSA (n = 10) management guidelines to evaluate the recommendations on OSA screening in pediatric obesity. Sixteen (53%) of the pediatric obesity guidelines had incorporated OSA screening to varying extents, with no consistent recommendations on when and how to screen for OSA, and subsequent management of OSA in children with obesity. We provide our recommendations that are based on the strength and certainty of evidence presented. These include a clinical-based screening for OSA in all children with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile or those with rapid BMI gain (upward crossing of 2 BMI percentiles) and the use of overnight polysomnography to confirm the diagnosis of OSA in those with high clinical suspicion. We discuss further management of OSA unique to children with obesity. An appropriate screening strategy for OSA would facilitate timely intervention that has been shown to improve cardiometabolic and neurocognitive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Beng Hui Ng
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, Department of Paediatrics, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carey Yun Shan Lim
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, Department of Paediatrics, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah Caellainn Hui Lin Tan
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, Department of Paediatrics, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Yvonne Yijuan Lim
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, Department of Paediatrics, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Yam Thiam Goh
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, Department of Paediatrics, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kah Yin Loke
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, Department of Paediatrics, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, Department of Paediatrics, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Loonstra FC, de Ruiter LRJ, Strijbis EMM, de Jong BA, Uitdehaag BMJ. The association between weight during early life and multiple sclerosis onset in a nationwide Dutch birth year cohort. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:499-505. [PMID: 37409581 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2225271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between being overweight during early life and disease course in multiple sclerosis (MS) is unresolved. We investigated the association between being overweight or obese during early life (childhood and adolescence) and MS case status, age of first symptom onset and onset type in people with MS (pwMS) of the same birth year. METHODS We enrolled 363 PwMS and 125 healthy controls (HC) from Project Y, a Dutch population-based cross-sectional cohort study including all PwMS born in 1966 and age and sex-matched HC. The associations between weight during childhood and adolescence (non-overweight vs. overweight or obese) and MS, age at symptom onset and onset type (relapsing vs. progressive) were assessed using logistic and linear regressions. In addition, sex-separated associations were explored. RESULTS Being overweight or obese during childhood (OR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.17-6.80) and adolescence (OR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.13-5.34) was associated with developing MS. Furthermore, being overweight or obese during adolescence was associated with a younger age of onset (β = -0.11, p = 0.041). Of all 47 patients with a primary progressive (PP) onset type, only one patient (2.1%) was overweight or obese during childhood, whereas 45 patients with a relapsing remitting (RR) onset (14.3%) were overweight or obese during childhood (PP vs. RR p = 0.017; PP vs. HC p = 0.676; RR vs. HC, p = 0.015). However, using logistic regression analysis we did not find evidence of a significant association. CONCLUSION In a nationwide population-based birth year cohort, being overweight or obese during childhood or adolescence is associated with MS prevalence and an earlier age of onset, but does not seem to associate with the type of onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floor C Loonstra
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk R J de Ruiter
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M M Strijbis
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brigit A de Jong
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard M J Uitdehaag
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nicula M, Couturier J. Is an all-age service the answer to poor transitions for adolescents with eating disorders? Eur Eat Disord Rev 2024; 32:606-609. [PMID: 38315557 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nicula
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Couturier
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Pediatric Eating Disorders Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Goulter N, Amin-Esmaeili M, Susukida R, Kush JM, Godwin J, Masyn K, McMahon RJ, Eddy JM, Ialongo NS, Tolan PH, Wilcox HC, Musci RJ. Impulsivity profiles across five harmonized longitudinal childhood preventive interventions and associations with adult outcomes. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38654407 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to parse between-person heterogeneity in growth of impulsivity across childhood and adolescence among participants enrolled in five childhood preventive intervention trials targeting conduct problems. In addition, we aimed to test profile membership in relation to adult psychopathologies. Measurement items representing impulsive behavior across grades 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 10, and aggression, substance use, suicidal ideation/attempts, and anxiety/depression in adulthood were integrated from the five trials (N = 4,975). We applied latent class growth analysis to this sample, as well as samples separated into nonintervention (n = 2,492) and intervention (n = 2,483) participants. Across all samples, profiles were characterized by high, moderate, low, and low-increasing impulsive levels. Regarding adult outcomes, in all samples, the high, moderate, and low profiles endorsed greater levels of aggression compared to the low-increasing profile. There were nuanced differences across samples and profiles on suicidal ideation/attempts and anxiety/depression. Across samples, there were no significant differences between profiles on substance use. Overall, our study helps to inform understanding of the developmental course and prognosis of impulsivity, as well as adding to collaborative efforts linking data across multiple studies to better inform understanding of developmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert J McMahon
- Simon Fraser University, Canada & BC Children's Hospital, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - J Mark Eddy
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marsh R, Gill S, Lowry N, Hayden G, Ryan M, Gwini SM, Allender S, Stella J. Childhood obesity in the ED: A prospective Australian study. Emerg Med Australas 2024. [PMID: 38649794 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.14414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine (i) the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children presenting to all EDs in a large regional Australian city and (ii) whether age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES) or hospital setting (public vs private) were associated with overweight and obesity. METHODS This prospective observational study included children aged ≥2 and <18 years who presented to any of three EDs over an 18 month period who had their height and weight measured. Age, sex and residential postcode were collected. Weight category was determined by sex and age standardised body mass index (BMI) z-score. Weight category was assessed by sex, age, SES and hospital setting with chi-squared tests, and ordinal logistic regression with cluster sandwich error estimators. Results were reported using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Data were collected for 3827 children, of which 11.6% were obese and 19.8% overweight. The prevalence of obesity was highest in those aged 8-14 years and in those from lower SES postcodes. The likelihood of obesity was higher in the public than the private hospitals (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.51-0.86), whereas the likelihood of overweight was similar (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.83-1.22). CONCLUSIONS Almost one-third of children who presented to EDs were overweight or obese. Obesity was particularly high in those aged 8-14 years and those from lower SES postcodes. In the evolving obesity crisis, the high proportion of children presenting to EDs above a healthy weight might represent an opportunity for EDs to identify and refer children for body weight and lifestyle management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Marsh
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Gill
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Deakin University Faculty of Health, Barwon Centre for Orthopedic Research and Education (B-CORE), Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Lowry
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgina Hayden
- St John of God Geelong Hospital, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Ryan
- Emergency Department, Epworth Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Steven Allender
- Deakin University Global Obesity Centre, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian Stella
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brummelman E, Bos PA, de Boer E, Nevicka B, Sedikides C. Reciprocal self-disclosure makes children feel more loved by their parents in the moment: A proof-of-concept experiment. Dev Sci 2024:e13516. [PMID: 38623917 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Feeling loved by one's parents is critical for children's health and well-being. How can such feelings be fostered? A vital feature of loving interactions is reciprocal self-disclosure, where individuals disclose intimate information about themselves. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we examined whether encouraging reciprocal self-disclosure in parent-child dyads would make children feel more loved during the conversation. Participants were 218 children (ages 8-13, 50% girls, 94% Dutch) and one of their parents (ages 28-56, 62% women, 90% Dutch). Parent-child dyads received a list of 14 questions and took turns asking them each other for 9 min. Dyads were assigned randomly to engage in self-disclosure (questions invoking escalated intimacy) or small talk (questions invoking minimal intimacy). Before and after, children reported how loved they felt by their parent during the conversation. Self-disclosure made children feel more loved during the conversation than did small talk. Compared to small talk, self-disclosure did not instigate conversations that were lengthier or more positive; rather, it instigated conversations that were more emotionally charged (reflecting anger, anxiety, and sadness), social (discussing family and friends), reflective (creating insight), and meaningful (addressing deeply personal topics, including the passing of loved ones). The dyad's gender composition did not significantly moderate these effects. Our research suggests that reciprocal self-disclosure can make children feel more loved in the moment, uncovers linguistic signatures of reciprocal self-disclosure, and offers developmental scientists a tool to examine causal effects of reciprocal self-disclosure in parent-child dyads. Future work should examine long-term effects in everyday parent-child interactions. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: How can parents make children feel more loved by them in the moment? We theorize that these feelings can be cultivated through reciprocal self-disclosure. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we examined effects of reciprocal self-disclosure versus small talk in 218 parent-child dyads, with children aged 8-13. Self-disclosure (vs. small talk) made children feel more loved during the conversation. Linguistically, self-disclosure instigated conversations that were more emotionally charged, social, reflective, and meaningful. This research provides an experimental method to study self-disclosure in parent-child dyads and suggests that self-disclosure can make children feel more loved in the moment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Brummelman
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter A Bos
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eva de Boer
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Nevicka
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Constantine Sedikides
- Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Giang C, Alvis L, Oosterhoff B, Kaplow JB. Protective Factors in the Context of Childhood Bereavement: Youth Gratitude, Future Orientation, and Purpose in Life. Omega (Westport) 2024:302228241246919. [PMID: 38621174 DOI: 10.1177/00302228241246919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine potential associations between positive youth development constructs (gratitude, future orientation, purpose in life) and psychological functioning (posttraumatic stress symptoms, depressive symptoms, maladaptive grief reactions) among bereaved youth and test whether these associations vary by age. A diverse sample of 197 clinic-referred bereaved youth (56.2% female; M = 12.36, SD = 3.18; 36.1% Hispanic, 23.7% White, 20.1% Black, 11.9% Multiracial, and 8.2% another race/ethnicity) completed self-report measures of psychological functioning and positive youth development constructs. Linear regression models indicated that gratitude and purpose were associated with lower posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms among bereaved youth. Future orientation was associated with higher posttraumatic stress symptoms. Results were consistent across age. If replicated longitudinally, gratitude and purpose may be important protective factors against negative mental health outcomes in the aftermath of losing a loved one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Giang
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren Alvis
- The Trauma and Grief Center, Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin Oosterhoff
- The Trauma and Grief Center, Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julie B Kaplow
- The Trauma and Grief Center, Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Patel H, Tapert SF, Brown SA, Norman SB, Pelham WE. Do traumatic events and substance use co-occur during adolescence? Testing three causal etiologic hypotheses. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38618861 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Why do potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and substance use (SU) so commonly co-occur during adolescence? Causal hypotheses developed from the study of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) among adults have not yet been subject to rigorous theoretical analysis or empirical tests among adolescents with the precursors to these disorders: PTEs and SU. Establishing causality demands accounting for various factors (e.g. genetics, parent education, race/ethnicity) that distinguish youth endorsing PTEs and SU from those who do not, a step often overlooked in previous research. METHODS We leveraged nationwide data from a sociodemographically diverse sample of youth (N = 11,468) in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. PTEs and substance use prevalence were assessed annually. To account for the many pre-existing differences between youth with and without PTE/SU (i.e. confounding bias) and provide rigorous tests of causal hypotheses, we linked within-person changes in PTEs and SU (alcohol, cannabis, nicotine) across repeated measurements and adjusted for time-varying factors (e.g. age, internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and friends' use of substances). RESULTS Before adjusting for confounding using within-person modeling, PTEs and SU exhibited significant concurrent associations (βs = .46-1.26, ps < .05) and PTEs prospectively predicted greater SU (βs = .55-1.43, ps < .05) but not vice versa. After adjustment for confounding, the PTEs exhibited significant concurrent associations for alcohol (βs = .14-.23, ps < .05) and nicotine (βs = .16, ps < .05) but not cannabis (βs = -.01, ps > .05) and PTEs prospectively predicted greater SU (βs = .28-.55, ps > .05) but not vice versa. CONCLUSIONS When tested rigorously in a nationwide sample of adolescents, we find support for a model in which PTEs are followed by SU but not for a model in which SU is followed by PTEs. Explanations for why PTSD and SUD co-occur in adults may need further theoretical analysis and adaptation before extension to adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herry Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sonya B Norman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, VT, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William E Pelham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rosa MJ, Foppa Pedretti N, Goldson B, Mathews N, Merced-Nieves F, Xhani N, Bosquet Enlow M, Gershon R, Ho E, Huddleston K, Wright RO, Wright RJ, Colicino E. Integrating Data Across Multiple Sites in the Northeastern United States to Examine Associations Between a Prenatal Metal Mixture and Child Cognition. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:606-616. [PMID: 37981721 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We applied a novel hierarchical Bayesian weighted quantile sum (HBWQS) regression to combine data across 3 study sites to examine associations between prenatal exposure to metals and cognitive functioning in childhood. Data from 326 mother-child dyads enrolled in an ongoing cohort study, the Programming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) Study, based in New York, New York (recruitment in 2013-2020) and Boston, Massachusetts (recruitment 2011-2013), and the First Thousand Days of Life (FTDL) cohort study (recruitment 2012-2019), based in northern Virginia, were used. Arsenic, cadmium, manganese, lead, and antimony were measured in urine collected during pregnancy. Cognitive functioning was assessed in children aged 3-11 years using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. The HBWQS regression showed a negative association between the urinary metal mixture and the Cognition Early Childhood Composite Score in the PRISM New York City (β = -3.67, 95% credible interval (CrI): -7.61, -0.01) and FTDL (β = -3.76, 95% CrI: -7.66, -0.24) samples, with a similar trend in the PRISM Boston sample (β = -3.24, 95% CrI: -6.77, 0.144). We did not detect these associations in traditionally pooled models. HBWQS regression allowed us to account for site heterogeneity and detect associations between prenatal metal-mixture exposure and cognitive outcomes in childhood. Given the ubiquity of metals exposure, interventions aimed at reducing prenatal exposure may improve cognitive outcomes in children. This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.
Collapse
|
12
|
Murata T, Kyozuka H, Yasuda S, Imaizumi K, Isogami H, Fukuda T, Yamaguchi A, Sato A, Ogata Y, Shinoki K, Hosoya M, Yasumura S, Hashimoto K, Fujimori K, Nishigori H. Nonreassuring fetal status during labor and offspring's childhood neurodevelopment at 3 years of age: The Japan Environment and Children's Study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 165:244-255. [PMID: 37984054 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although prior attempts have failed to identify the beneficial effects of intensive fetal monitoring on cerebral palsy, the association between nonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) during labor and the incidence of long-term neurodevelopmental delays in offspring remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate this association using a nationwide birth cohort. METHODS Data from 72 869 women with singleton deliveries at and after 37 weeks of gestation from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (2011-2014) were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the odds ratios (ORs) for neurodevelopmental delays using the Ages & Stages Questionnaire (Third Edition) in offspring aged 3 years. RESULTS The adjusted ORs for personal-social problems were 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-2.16) for offspring delivered vaginally by nulliparous mothers and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.05-2.18) (for males, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.15-2.50]) for those delivered via cesarean section. No significant changes in adjusted ORs for neurodevelopmental delays were observed among participants without neonatal Apgar scores (ASs) <7 and without umbilical arterial pH (UmA-pH) <7.20. CONCLUSION NRFS during labor was associated with an increased incidence of personal-social problems in offspring aged 3 years. However, this association was not confirmed after excluding participants with neonatal ASs <7 and UmA-pH <7.20. The association between NRFS and offspring's neurodevelopmental delays might vary based on delivery settings, offspring sex, and short-term neonatal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Murata
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hyo Kyozuka
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shun Yasuda
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Karin Imaizumi
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Isogami
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toma Fukuda
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamaguchi
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Sato
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuka Ogata
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kosei Shinoki
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Hashimoto
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keiya Fujimori
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishigori
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kibret KT, Strugnell C, Backholer K, Peeters A, Tegegne TK, Nichols M. Life-course trajectories of body mass index and cardiovascular disease risks and health outcomes in adulthood: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13695. [PMID: 38226403 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of life course body mass index (BMI) trajectories (childhood to adulthood) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and outcomes. METHODS Prospective or retrospective cohort studies were identified that assessed the association of BMI trajectories with CVD risks and outcomes from databases published in English. The pooled effect sizes were estimated using a random-effects model. FINDINGS Seventeen eligible studies were included in this systematic review. The results revealed that a persistently overweight trajectory from childhood to adulthood was associated with a higher risk of hypertension (RR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.9, 3.28) and type 2 diabetes (RR: 4.62; 95% CI: 2.36, 9.04) compared with a trajectory characterized by a normal BMI throughout both childhood and adulthood. Similarly, the risk of hypertension (RR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.70, 3.33) and type 2 diabetes (RR: 3.66; 95% CI: 2.57, 5.19) was higher in those with normal-to-overweight trajectory compared with participants with a stable normal weight trajectory. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that lifetime BMI trajectories may be influential on health outcomes, and preventive strategies should be designed accordingly. Implementing appropriate preventive strategies at all life stages may reduce CVD risks and adverse outcomes later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelemu Tilahun Kibret
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudia Strugnell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Peeters
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Teketo Kassaw Tegegne
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Nichols
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vinding RK, Sevelsted A, Horner D, Vahman N, Lauritzen L, Hagen CP, Chawes B, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K. Fish oil supplementation during pregnancy, anthropometrics, and metabolic health at age ten: A randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:960-968. [PMID: 38569788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that children of mothers who received fish oil supplementation during pregnancy had higher body mass index [BMI (in kg/m2)] at 6 y of age as well as a concomitant increase in fat-, muscle, and bone mass, but no difference in fat percentage. OBJECTIVES Here, we report follow-up at age 10 y including assessment of metabolic health. METHODS This is a follow-up analysis of a randomized clinical trial conducted among 736 pregnant females and their offspring participating in the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood mother-child cohort. The intervention was 2.4 g n-3 (ω-3) Long-Chain PolyUnsaturated Fatty Acid (n-3 LCPUFA) or control daily from pregnancy week 24 until 1 wk after birth. Outcomes were anthropometric measurements, body composition from Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, blood pressure, concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, and C-peptide from fasting blood samples, and a metabolic syndrome score was calculated. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were prespecified secondary endpoints of the n-3 LCPUFA trial, and others were exploratory. RESULTS Children in the n-3 LCPUFA group had a higher mean BMI at age 10 year compared to the control group: 17.4 (SD: 2.44) compared with 16.9 (2.28); P = 0.020 and a higher odds ratio of having overweight (odds ratio: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.33; P = 0.047). This corresponded to differences in body composition in terms of increased lean mass (0.49 kg; 95% CI: -0.20, 1.14; P = 0.17), fat mass (0.49 kg; 95% CI: -0.03, 1.01; P = 0.06), and fat percent (0.74%; 95% CI: -0.01, 1.49; P = 0.053) compared to the control group. Children in the n-3 LCPUFA group had a higher metabolic syndrome score compared to the control (mean difference: 0.19; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.39; P = 0.053). CONCLUSIONS In this randomized clinical trial, children of mothers receiving n-3 LCPUFA supplementation had increased BMI at age 10 y, increased risk of being overweight, and a tendency of increased fat percentage and higher metabolic syndrome score. These findings suggest potential adverse health effects from n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy and need to be replicated in future independent studies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00798226.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Vinding
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Sevelsted
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Horner
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nilofar Vahman
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper P Hagen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Chawes
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Berggren SS, Dahlgren J, Andersson O, Bergman S, Roswall J. Reference limits for osteocalcin in infancy and early childhood: A longitudinal birth cohort study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 100:399-407. [PMID: 38385947 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The longitudinal variations in serum levels of the hormone osteocalcin is largely unknown during infancy and early childhood. Our aim was to establish reference limits for total serum osteocalcin during specific time points from birth until 5 years of age and present those in the context of sex, breastfeeding practices and gestational age (GA). DESIGN Blood samples from 551 Swedish children were analysed at birth, 4, 12, 36 and 60 months of age. Total serum osteocalcin was measured using the IDS-iSYS N-MID Osteocalcin assay technique. Information about the mother, birth, anthropometrics and a food diary were collected. RESULTS Sex-specific and age-specific reference limits were established for the five time points. The median osteocalcin levels over time were 40.8, 90.0, 67.8, 62.2 and 80.9 μg/L for boys and 38.1, 95.5, 78.3, 73.9 and 92.6 μg/L for girls. Lower GA was associated to higher osteocalcin at birth, and ongoing breastfeeding was associated to higher osteocalcin levels. CONCLUSION Osteocalcin followed a wavelike pattern with low levels in the umbilical cord and a postnatal peak during the first year which then declined and rose again by the age of five. Knowledge of this wavelike pattern and association to factors as sex, breastfeeding and GA may help clinicians to interpret individual osteocalcin levels and guide in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Berggren
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Health Center Hyltebruk, Hyltebruk, Halland, Sweden
| | - Jovanna Dahlgren
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Västra Götalandregion, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bergman
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Primary Health Care Unit, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Spenshult Research and Development Centre, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Josefine Roswall
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Halland Hospital Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Custovic A, Custovic D, Fontanella S. Understanding the heterogeneity of childhood allergic sensitization and its relationship with asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 24:79-87. [PMID: 38359101 PMCID: PMC10906203 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the current state of knowledge on the relationship between allergic sensitization and asthma; to lay out a roadmap for the development of IgE biomarkers that differentiate, in individual sensitized patients, whether their sensitization is important for current or future asthma symptoms, or has little or no relevance to the disease. RECENT FINDINGS The evidence on the relationship between sensitization and asthma suggests that some subtypes of allergic sensitization are not associated with asthma symptoms, whilst others are pathologic. Interaction patterns between IgE antibodies to individual allergenic molecules on component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) multiplex arrays might be hallmarks by which different sensitization subtypes relevant to asthma can be distinguished. These different subtypes of sensitization are associated amongst sensitized individuals at all ages, with different clinical presentations (no disease, asthma as a single disease, and allergic multimorbidity); amongst sensitized preschool children with and without lower airway symptoms, with different risk of subsequent asthma development; and amongst sensitized patients with asthma, with differing levels of asthma severity. SUMMARY The use of machine learning-based methodologies on complex CRD data can help us to design better diagnostic tools to help practising physicians differentiate between benign and clinically important sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Custovic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kaur N, Byard RW. Characteristics of acid attacks involving children in India. Med Sci Law 2024; 64:91-95. [PMID: 37306191 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231182351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aim: To examine the characteristics of acid attack survivors who were aged ≤16 years at the time of the assault. Methods: Case files from the Chhanv and the Laxmi Foundations in India were accessioned for cases of acid attacks involving children and adolescents (≤16 years). Details of the age, sex, reason for the attack, injuries sustained and possible outcomes were recorded. Results: Ten cases were identified that involved eight girls (aged 3-16 years) and two boys (12 and 14 years). The head and neck were the primary targets in all cases. The primary reasons for the attacks involving adolescent girls were punishment for refusing sexual advances from older males and family violence/child abuse. The two male victims were assaulted as part of property dispute and gang violence. Penalties varied greatly with prison sentences (when handed down) ranging from <1 year to 10 years. Conclusion: The number of cases of paediatric acid attacks appear small, with motivations for the attacks including responses to spurned sexual advances, domestic violence/child abuse, criminal gang activities and ostensibly at random. Nongovernment organisations are vital in the rehabilitation of victims. It is of concern that dissemination on social networks and publicity through the media may lead to an increase in number of cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger W Byard
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Penichet EN, Beam CR, Luczak SE, Davis DW. A genetically informed longitudinal study of early-life temperament and childhood aggression. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38557599 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The present study examined the longitudinal associations between three dimensions of temperament - activity, affect-extraversion, and task orientation - and childhood aggression. Using 131 monozygotic and 173 dizygotic (86 same-sex) twin pairs from the Louisville Twin Study, we elucidated the ages, from 6 to 36 months, at which each temperament dimension began to correlate with aggression at age 7. We employed latent growth modeling to show that developmental increases (i.e., slopes) in activity were positively associated with aggression, whereas increases in affect-extraversion and task orientation were negatively associated with aggression. Genetically informed models revealed that correlations between temperament and aggression were primarily explained by common genetic variance, with nonshared environmental variance accounting for a small proportion of each correlation by 36 months. Genetic variance explained the correlations of the slopes of activity and task orientation with aggression. Nonshared environmental variance accounted for almost half of the correlation between the slopes of affect-extraversion and aggression. Exploratory analyses revealed quantitative sex differences in each temperament-aggression association. By establishing which dimensions of temperament correlate with aggression, as well as when and how they do so, our work informs the development of future child and family interventions for children at highest risk of aggression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Penichet
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R Beam
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Geronotology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan E Luczak
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah W Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Norton Children's Research Institute affiliated with the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Olfat M, Hosseinpour S, Masoumi S, Gogia Rastogi R, Vance Hastriter E, Lewis KS, Little R, T Karnik K, Hickman C, Heidari M, Shervin Badv R, Mohammadi M, Zamani GR, Mohammadpour M, Ashrafi MR, Tavasoli AR. A comparative study on prophylactic efficacy of cinnarizine and amitriptyline in childhood migraine: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Cephalalgia 2024; 44:3331024241230963. [PMID: 38641932 DOI: 10.1177/03331024241230963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric migraine prophylaxis is indicated when headaches are frequent and/or disabling. We aimed to conduct a study to compare the efficacy of cinnarizine and amitriptyline in pediatric migraine prophylaxis. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind trial, patients aged 4-17 years with migraine who were eligible for prophylaxis enrolled. The primary outcome was a reduction response rate of ≥50% with p < 0.005 with respect to headache characteristics. The secondary outcome was migraine disability assessment. We evaluated patients every four weeks for three months: T1: week 4, T2: week 8 and T3: week 12. The safety profile was also assessed. RESULTS Thirty patients were randomly assigned to each group. However, 43 patients completed the trial. Headache frequency decreased in amitriptyline group more effectively in T1 (p = 0.004). Amitriptyline was more successful in reducing the headache duration in all three periods (p < 0.005). There was no significant difference in severity improvement and reducing disability score between the two groups (p > 0.005). No serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS Both medications are effective in ameliorating migraine headaches and related disabilities. However, amitriptyline appears be a preferable option over cinnarizine, given its faster onset of action, efficacy in reducing headache duration and longer-lasting effects.Trial Registration: The study was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) under the code IRCT-20191112045413N1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Olfat
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Hosseinpour
- Department of Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safdar Masoumi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reena Gogia Rastogi
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric Vance Hastriter
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kara Stuart Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Robert Little
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kavitha T Karnik
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Carolyn Hickman
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Morteza Heidari
- Department of Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shervin Badv
- Department of Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mohammadi
- Department of Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Zamani
- Department of Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadpour
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi
- Department of Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Tavasoli
- Department of Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu HC, Huang YJ, Jaing TH, Wu KH, Chen SH, Wang SC, Yeh TC, Hsiao CC, Chang TK, Yen HJ, Huang FL, Lin PC, Hou JY, Sheen JM, Liao YM, Chang TY, Chen YC, Chiou SS, Yang CP, Pui CH, Liang DC, Shih LY. Refining risk stratification in paediatric B-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Combining IKZF1 plus and Day 15 MRD positivity. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:1344-1353. [PMID: 38479427 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the potential utility of IKZF1 deletion as an additional high-risk marker for paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The prognostic impact of IKZF1 status, in conjunction with minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD), was evaluated within the MRD-guided TPOG-ALL-2013 protocol using 412 newly diagnosed B-ALL patients aged 1-18. IKZF1 status was determined using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. IKZF1 deletions, when co-occurring with CDKN2A, CDKN2B, PAX5 or PAR1 region deletions in the absence of ERG deletions, were termed IKZF1plus. Both IKZF1 deletion (14.6%) and IKZF1plus (7.8%) independently predicted poorer outcomes in B-ALL. IKZF1plus was observed in 4.1% of Philadelphia-negative ALL, with a significantly lower 5-year event-free survival (53.9%) compared to IKZF1 deletion alone (83.8%) and wild-type IKZF1 (91.3%) (p < 0.0001). Among patients with Day 15 MRD ≥0.01%, provisional high-risk patients with IKZF1plus exhibited the worst outcomes in event-free survival (42.0%), relapse-free survival (48.0%) and overall survival (72.7%) compared to other groups (p < 0.0001). Integration of IKZF1plus and positive Day 15 MRD identified a subgroup of Philadelphia-negative B-ALL with a 50% risk of relapse. This study highlights the importance of assessing IKZF1plus alongside Day 15 MRD positivity to identify patients at increased risk of adverse outcomes, potentially minimizing overtreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Che Liu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, MacKay Children's Hospital and MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Huang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Her Jaing
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hsi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chung Wang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chi Yeh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, MacKay Children's Hospital and MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsiao
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Kau Chang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ju Yen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Liang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chin Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yin Hou
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, MacKay Children's Hospital and MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yen Chang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shin Chiou
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Yang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Der-Cherng Liang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, MacKay Children's Hospital and MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Yung Shih
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Porter B, Oyanadel C, Betancourt I, Worrell FC, Peñate W. Effects of Two Online Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Early Adolescents for Attentional, Emotional, and Behavioral Self-Regulation. Pediatr Rep 2024; 16:254-270. [PMID: 38651461 PMCID: PMC11036234 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have shown interesting preliminary effects on self-regulation processes in early adolescence. However, programs have typically combined different types of interventions with no understanding of the specific effect of each intervention type on attentional, emotional, and behavioral regulation. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of two MBIs-one focused on classic attentional practices and another focused on the recognition and expression of emotions-on attentional, emotional, and behavioral self-regulation in early adolescents. (2) Method: An experimental paradigm was used. A sample of 74 children aged between 8 and 12 years old were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: (1) an MBI with a focus on attentional practices, (2) an MBI with a focus on recognition and expression of emotions, and (3) a control group. The interventions lasted 8 weeks, with a weekly, 1 h online synchronous session plus home practices. Children were evaluated before starting the intervention and at the end of the 8-week period. The assessed outcomes were (1) mindfulness; (2) emotional regulation; (3) attentional regulation, and (4) behavioral regulation. (3) Results: Children who participated in both intervention programs increased their mindfulness and emotional and behavioral regulation scores. Only children who participated in the MBI with a focus on attention showed significant changes in their ability to self-regulate attention. (4) Conclusions: The use of online MBIs, with attention to external and internal stimuli practices, can be a good strategy to strengthen self-regulation skills for attention, emotions, and behavior in early adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Porter
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (C.O.); (I.B.)
| | - Cristian Oyanadel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (C.O.); (I.B.)
- Berkeley School of Education, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1670, USA;
| | - Ignacio Betancourt
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (C.O.); (I.B.)
| | - Frank C. Worrell
- Berkeley School of Education, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1670, USA;
| | - Wenceslao Peñate
- Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology School, Psychology Faculty, Guajara Campus, La Laguna University, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kunin-Batson AS, Haapala J, Crain AL, Gunnar MR, Kharbanda EO, Kelly AS, Seburg EM, Sherwood NE, French SA. Cumulative environmental stress and emerging cardiometabolic risk during childhood. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13116. [PMID: 38549289 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the relationship between cumulative environmental stress and cardiometabolic risk in middle childhood, and to examine whether hair cortisol, a measure of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal-axis activity, mediates this relationship. METHODS In a cohort of children from low-income households (n = 320; 59% Hispanic, 23% Black, body mass index (BMI) percentile >50th at enrollment), environmental stressors including family and neighbourhood factors representing disadvantage/deprivation, and cortisol concentrations from hair samples, were measured over five timepoints beginning when children were 2-4 years old. Cardiometabolic risk factors (i.e., BMI, blood pressure, lipids, blood sugar, C-reactive protein) were measured at the final timepoint when children were 7-11 years of age. RESULTS In adjusted logistic regression models, greater cumulative environmental stress was associated with a higher likelihood of elevated cardiometabolic risk in middle childhood (p = 0.01). Children from minoritized racial/ethnic groups had a higher prevalence of both stressors and cardiometabolic risk factors. Cumulative environmental stress was associated with higher hair cortisol concentrations (p < 0.01). However, hair cortisol was not directly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and did not explain the association between environmental stress and cardiometabolic risk in causal mediation analysis. CONCLUSIONS The influence of cumulative stress on cardiometabolic health can be observed in middle childhood and may contribute to cardiometabolic health disparities, highlighting the importance of public health interventions to mitigate disadvantage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S Kunin-Batson
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jacob Haapala
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Megan R Gunnar
- Institute for Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Aaron S Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Nancy E Sherwood
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Simone A French
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bretz K, Strotmeyer A, Seelig H, Herrmann C. Development and validation of a test instrument for the assessment of perceived basic motor competencies in first and second graders: the SEMOK-1-2 instrument. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1358170. [PMID: 38601826 PMCID: PMC11004451 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1358170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Both actual motor competencies (AMC) and perceived motor competencies (PMC) play an important role in motor development research and children's physical and psychological development. PMC refer to children's perceptions of their motor competencies. To assess the PMC of first and second grade children (aged 6-9 years), the SEMOK-1-2 instrument was developed. The instrument is aligned to the validated MOBAK-1-2 instrument which assesses AMC in the competence areas "object movement" and "self-movement" Accounting for possible reading difficulties in younger children, the motor tasks and answer options were illustrated and explained verbally. The purpose of this study was to test and validate the SEMOK-1-2 instrument and investigate the associations between the constructs AMC, PMC and physical activity (PA), whereby PA was measured by the participation in team and individual sports. Data from N = 404 pupils in the German-speaking part of Switzerland from first and second grades (M = 7.8 years, SD = 0.69, 49% boys) were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the factorial validity of the SEMOK-1-2 instrument. Structural equation models were used to investigate the association between the constructs. The analyses confirmed a two-factor structure with the factors PMC "object movement" and PMC "self-movement", corresponding to the factors existing in the MOBAK-1-2 instrument. Latent correlations between AMC factors and the corresponding PMC factors were r = 0.79 for "object movement" and r = 0.76 for "self-movement". Associations with external criteria and covariates, such as sex, were associated with both AMC and PMC. Analyses also revealed that children who participated more often in individual and team sports showed higher levels in both AMC and PMC. The confirmation of the two-factorial structure of the SEMOK-1-2 instrument and the associations between AMC and PMC as well as external criteria indicate construct and criterion validity. The SEMOK-1-2 instrument can be economically utilized for assessing PMC and is also suitable for the monitoring of PMC in the context of Physical Education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Bretz
- Physical Education Research Group, Zurich University of Teacher Education, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Strotmeyer
- Department of Exercise and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Harald Seelig
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Herrmann
- Physical Education Research Group, Zurich University of Teacher Education, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yoo C. What makes children aged 10 to 13 engage in problematic smartphone use? A longitudinal study of changing patterns considering individual, parental, and school factors. J Behav Addict 2024; 13:76-87. [PMID: 38289366 PMCID: PMC10988401 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2024.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The current research aimed to discover classification concerning problematic smartphone use in children. Furthermore, to investigate their longitudinal trajectories, as well as to discover the connection concerning problematic smartphone usage by individual, parental, and school factors. Methods A total of 2,399 South Korean children who were in the 4th grade (female 1,206 (50.3%), age 10-13 years) at baseline. Latent class growth analysis was utilized to discover typologies in problematic smartphone use and their longitudinal trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to find various associations among problematic smartphone use and individual, parental, as well as school factors. Results The results identified three distinct trajectories of problematic smartphone use: (1) a high-level group (7.7%), (2) a mid-increasing group (62.5%), and (3) a low-increasing group (29.8%). The increasing group showed the highest level of problematic smartphone use. Gender, self-esteem, social withdrawal, exercise, parental inconsistency, monthly income, and teacher support were significant predictors. Discussion and Conclusions The findings suggest that there are distinct developmental trajectories concerning problematic smartphone usage of childhood. The results show that the early discovery of children in danger of problematic smartphone use and targeted interventions aimed at reducing parental inconsistency and social withdrawal, improving self-esteem, exercise, and teacher support may be effective strategies for preventing problematic smartphone usage during childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Yoo
- Department of Social Welfare, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Teunissen TAM, Lagro-Janssen ALM, Akkermans RP, Blanker MH, Knol-de Vries GE. Sex differences in the association between (sexual) abuse and lower urinary tract symptoms. Neurourol Urodyn 2024. [PMID: 38530000 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the possible association between (sexual) abuse and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men and women. To study the differences in this association between men and women, and between the timing of the abuse. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A Dutch observational population-based cross-sectional study was used, based on self-administered questionnaires. Respondents were included if they had answered all questions about abuse and LUTS. Logistic regression was used to analyse the data. RESULTS Included were 558 men and 790 women, of whom 29% and 37%, respectively, reported a history of one of more types of abuse. Abuse was significantly associated with LUTS in both men (odds ratio [OR] 1.7; 1.2-2.5) and women (OR 1.4; 1.1-2.1). This association, testing by two-way interaction, was significantly stronger in men. No association was found between childhood abuse or adulthood abuse and LUTS, in men or women. The association of sexual abuse with LUTS was significant in both men (2.7; 1.4-5.2) and in women (1.5; 1.1-2.2), and this association (testing by two-way interaction) was significantly much stronger in men. CONCLUSION In men more than in women, a history of any type of abuse is associated with LUTS, regardless of whether the abuse occurred during childhood or adulthood. In both sexes, a history of sexual abuse is also associated with experiencing LUTS, with a much stronger association in men than in women. Patients, in particular male patients, presenting with LUTS should therefore be asked about sexual abuse in the past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodora A M Teunissen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette L M Lagro-Janssen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier P Akkermans
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco H Blanker
- Primary and Long-term Care, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Grietje E Knol-de Vries
- Primary and Long-term Care, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cueto-Martín B, De la Cruz-Márquez JC, Burgueño-Menjíbar R, García-Mármol E. Efficacy of physical activity shared between parents and children to improve sports initiation in the M.A.M.I.deporte® program. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1372664. [PMID: 38596641 PMCID: PMC11002184 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1372664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine if the active methodology for improving sports initiation (M.A.M.I.deporte®) shared between children and parents successfully promotes children in sports activities, maintains their activity and improves long-term adherence. Participants The study involved 118 participants aged between 2 and 11 years (6.3 ± 2.3). In the first season, 34 participated (16 girls; 18 boys); in the second season, 46 participated (22 girls; 24 boys) and in the third season, 38 participated (19 girls; 19 boys). Methodology It was carried out from October to June over three academic years for two hours a week. Every 4 sessions a different sporting activity was carried out, planned so that parents and children could practise them, simultaneously. Analysis At the beginning and end of each period, a survey was carried out on the sports activities in which the participants had started. If participants remained in the activity, the survey was face-to-face and if participants no longer attended the activity, they were contacted by telephone. Descriptive values were obtained for the variables in absolute and percentage form and a repeated measures anova was performed. Results Vigorous physical activity performed was 3.82 ± 1.16 h/week in the first year, 3.38 ± 1.59 in the second year and 2.99 ± 1.46 in the third year with no significant differences between any of the years. 32.20% joined other sporting activities and only 6.78% gave up vigorous physical activity. Conclusion Joint activity of parents and children contributed to maintaining vigorous physical activity at the recommended levels in the child population with only 6.78% (n = 8) of the participants dropping out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Cueto-Martín
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Eduardo García-Mármol
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Melilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Duarte A, Martins J, Silva MJ, Augusto C, Martins SP, Rosário R. The Role of Parental Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Family Time Together in Children's Weight Status: The BeE-School Project. Nutrients 2024; 16:916. [PMID: 38612950 PMCID: PMC11013135 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The family context has been associated with children's weight status. This study aims to investigate the association of parents' adherence to the Mediterranean diet and family time with the weight status of children. The research is part of BeE-school, a cluster-randomized trial implemented in primary schools located in socially vulnerable contexts. A total of 735 children (380 boys and 355 girls) aged 6 to 10 participated in the study. Anthropometrics were assessed during school time, and weight status was categorized, while parents self-reported sociodemographic variables, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDAS questionnaire), and family time. Children from families with higher education levels whose parents have a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet have lower odds of overweight/obesity (odds ratio (OR) 0.301, 95% CI 0.143-0.634, p = 0.002). Also, children from families with lower education levels who have more time together with their family have lower odds of overweight/obesity (OR 0.731, 95% CI 0.573-0.934, p = 0.012). The family environment, mainly family time together and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, exerts a significant influence on children's weight status. Professionals working in children's health should consider the family when fostering health-promoting behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Duarte
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.); (R.R.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC-UM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Juliana Martins
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.); (R.R.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria José Silva
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.); (R.R.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Augusto
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.); (R.R.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Silvana Peixoto Martins
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.); (R.R.)
- ProChild CoLAB Against Poverty and Social Exclusion Association, Campus de Couros, Rua Vila Flor, 166, 4810-225 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Rosário
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.); (R.R.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC-UM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Doom JR, Han D, Rivera KM, Tseten T. Childhood unpredictability research within the developmental psychopathology framework: Advances, implications, and future directions. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38506038 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Greater unpredictability in childhood from the level of the caregiver-child dyad to broader family, home, or environmental instability is consistently associated with disruptions in cognitive, socioemotional, behavioral, and biological development in humans. These findings are bolstered by experimental research in non-human animal models suggesting that early life unpredictability is an important environmental signal to the developing organism that shapes neurodevelopment and behavior. Research on childhood unpredictability has surged in the past several years, guided in part by theoretical grounding from the developmental psychopathology framework (shaped largely by Dr. Dante Cicchetti's innovative work). The current review focuses on future directions for unpredictability research, including probing intergenerational effects, the role of predictability in resilience, cultural and contextual considerations, and novel developmental outcomes that should be tested in relation to childhood unpredictability. We urge the integration of multidisciplinary perspectives and collaborations into future research on unpredictability. We also provide ideas for translating this research to real-world practice and policy and encourage high-quality research testing whether incorporating predictability into interventions and policy improves developmental outcomes, which would support further dissemination of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenalee R Doom
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Deborah Han
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kenia M Rivera
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Tenzin Tseten
- Graduate School of Professional Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Asserhøj LL, Mizrak I, Lebech Kjaer AS, Clausen TD, Hoffmann ER, Greisen G, Main KM, Madsen PL, Pinborg A, Jensen RB. Blood pressure and lipid profiles in children born after ART with frozen embryo transfer. Hum Reprod Open 2024; 2024:hoae016. [PMID: 38600915 PMCID: PMC11004555 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are blood pressure (BP) and lipid profiles different between children conceived after ART with frozen embryo transfer (FET), fresh embryo transfer (fresh-ET), and natural conception (NC)? SUMMARY ANSWER Girls conceived after FET had significantly higher systolic BP and heart rate compared with girls born after fresh-ET; boys conceived after FET had a slightly more favourable lipid profile compared with boys born after fresh-ET and NC. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Children conceived after ART with FET are more often born large for gestational age (LGA). LGA in general increases the risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease later in life. Studies on mice and humans on the whole ART population have raised concerns about premature vascular ageing and higher BP. The cardiovascular health of children born after FET is scarcely explored and the results are diverging. STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION This study was part of the cohort study 'Health in Childhood following Assisted Reproductive Technology' (HiCART), which included 606 singletons (292 boys) born between December 2009 and December 2013: 200 children were conceived after FET; 203 children were conceived after fresh-ET; and 203 children were conceived naturally and matched for birth year and sex. The study period lasted from January 2019 to September 2021. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS The included children were 7-10 years of age at examination and underwent a clinical examination with anthropometric measurements, pubertal staging, and BP measurement. Additionally, a fasting blood sample was collected and analysed for cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and triglycerides. Systolic and diastolic BP were converted to standard deviation scores (SDS) using an appropriate reference and accounting for height (SDS) of the child. The three study groups were compared pairwise using a univariate linear regression model. Mean differences were adjusted for confounders using multiple linear regression analyses. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Girls and boys conceived after FET had significantly higher birthweight (SDS) compared with naturally conceived peers (mean difference: girls: 0.35, 95% CI (0.06-0.64), boys: 0.35, 95% CI (0.03-0.68)). Girls conceived after FET had significantly higher systolic BP (SDS) and heart rate compared with girls conceived after fresh-ET (adjusted mean difference: systolic BP (SDS): 0.25 SDS, 95% CI (0.03-0.47), heart rate: 4.53, 95% CI (0.94-8.13)). Regarding lipid profile, no significant differences were found between the three groups of girls. For the boys, no significant differences were found for BP and heart rate. Lipid profiles were more favourable in boys born after FET compared with both boys conceived after fresh-ET and NC. All outcomes were adjusted for parity, maternal BMI at early pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy, educational level, birthweight, breastfeeding, child age at examination, and onset of puberty. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION The participation rate varied from 18 to 42% in the three groups, and therefore selection bias cannot be excluded. However, extensive non-participant analyses were performed that showed almost no differences in background characteristics between participants and non-participants in the three groups, making selection bias less likely. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The higher birthweight in children conceived after FET was associated with increased systolic BP (SDS) and heart rate in girls conceived after FET compared with fresh-ET. This may be an early indicator of compromised long-term cardiovascular health in this group. The study was not powered to investigate these outcomes and further studies are therefore warranted to confirm the findings. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS The study was funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant number: NNF18OC0034092, NFF19OC0054340) and Rigshospitalets Forskningsfond. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03719703.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Laub Asserhøj
- The Fertility Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Fertility and Obstetrics, Centre JMC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research & Training in Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ikram Mizrak
- The Fertility Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Fertility and Obstetrics, Centre JMC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anna Sophie Lebech Kjaer
- The Fertility Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Fertility and Obstetrics, Centre JMC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Dalsgaard Clausen
- The Fertility Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Fertility and Obstetrics, Centre JMC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva R Hoffmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) Centre for Chromosome Stability, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gorm Greisen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research & Training in Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Lav Madsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Pinborg
- The Fertility Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Fertility and Obstetrics, Centre JMC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Beck Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Krebs G, Clark BR, Ford TJ, Stringaris A. Epidemiology of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Appearance Preoccupation in Youth: Prevalence, Comorbidity and Psychosocial Impairment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00126-6. [PMID: 38508411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about how common and impairing body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is in the general population of youth. We evaluated the prevalence, comorbidity, and psychosocial impairment associated with BDD and more broadly defined appearance preoccupation in young people. METHOD Data were drawn from the 2017 Mental Health of Children and Young People in England survey. BDD and psychiatric comorbidity were assessed in individuals 5 to 19 years of age (N = 7,654) according to DSM-5 criteria, using a clinician-rated standardized diagnostic assessment. Psychosocial impairment was measured with a quantitative scale and was indexed by reported self-harm and suicide attempts, as well as service use, assessed using structured interviews. RESULTS The point prevalence of BDD was 1.0% (95% CI = 0.8%-1.3%). BDD was significantly more common among adolescents than children (1.9 vs 0.1%; OR = 22.5, p < .001), and among female than male participants (1.8% vs 0.3%; OR = 7.3, p < .001). Approximately 70% of young people with BDD had psychiatric comorbidity, most commonly internalizing disorders. BDD was associated with self- and parent-reported psychosocial impairment, self-harm and suicide attempts, and service utilization. Appearance preoccupation was more common than full-syndrome BDD, but showed similar age and sex effects, patterns of comorbidity, and associated impairment. CONCLUSION BDD and appearance preoccupation are relatively common, especially among adolescent girls, and are associated with substantial co-occurring psychopathology, impairment, and risk. Improved screening is needed to increase detection and diagnosis of BDD, and to facilitate access to evidence-based treatment. STUDY PREREGISTRATION INFORMATION The epidemiology of body dysmorphic disorder the youth: prevalence, comorbidity and psychosocial impact; https://osf.io/g83jy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Krebs
- University College London, London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
| | - Bruce R Clark
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Tamsin J Ford
- University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, and Cambridge and Peterborough, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- University College London, London, United Kingdom; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu Y, Miu Y, Zhang N, Yu W, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang B. Evaluating the impact of childhood BMI on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019: A Mendelian randomization study. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240923. [PMID: 38584826 PMCID: PMC10996998 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the correlation between childhood obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been explored, the causality of these remains uncertain. Thus, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to identify the causal association. Methods Instrumental variables of childhood obesity were selected from genome-wide association study involving 61,111 Europeans. Besides, we collected summary statistics of different COVID-19 outcomes (susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity) from genome-wide association study including more than 2 million Europeans. The inverse-variance weighted was applied to assess the causality of childhood obesity with COVID-19. Furthermore, we replicated the above association based on another study. Results Inverse-variance weighted results suggested that childhood obesity promoted the COVID-19 susceptibility but has not been validated in other approaches. For hospitalization and severity of COVID-19, we found that childhood obesity, respectively, increased 30 and 38% risk (P < 0.001), which were consistent in other MR approaches. Discussion Our study provides evidence for a causal relationship between childhood BMI and COVID-19 which is consistent with previous studies. Though these explanations are biologically plausible, further studies are warranted to elucidate the role of these. Conclusions Our study suggests the potential causal associations of childhood obesity with COVID-19, especially hospitalization and severity of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou317500, China
| | - Yujian Miu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou317500, China
| | - Ningjie Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou317500, China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou317500, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou317500, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou317500, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First People’s Hospital of Wenling Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, 190 Taiping South Road, Taizhou317500, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Regis E, Fontanella S, Curtin JA, Pinot de Moira A, Edwards MR, Murray CS, Simpson A, Johnston SL, Custovic A. Association between polymorphisms on chromosome 17q12-q21 and rhinovirus-induced interferon responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00269-0. [PMID: 38494094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes on chromosome 17q12-q21 are associated with childhood-onset asthma and rhinovirus-induced wheeze. There are few mechanistic data linking chromosome 17q12-q21 to wheezing illness. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether 17q12-q21 risk alleles were associated with impaired interferon responses to rhinovirus. METHODS In a population-based birth cohort of European ancestry, we stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells with rhinovirus A1 (RV-A1) and rhinovirus A16 (RV-A16) and measured IFN and IFN-induced C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (aka IP10) responses in supernatants. We investigated associations between virus-induced cytokines and 6 SNPs in 17q12-q21. Bayesian profile regression was applied to identify clusters of individuals with different immune response profiles and genetic variants. RESULTS Five SNPs (in high linkage disequilibrium, r2 ≥ 0.8) were significantly associated with RV-A1-induced IFN-β (rs9303277, P = .010; rs11557467, P = .012; rs2290400, P = .006; rs7216389, P = .008; rs8079416, P = .005). A reduction in RV-A1-induced IFN-β was observed among individuals with asthma risk alleles. There were no significant associations for RV-A1-induced IFN-α or CXCL10, or for any RV-A16-induced IFN/CXCL10. Bayesian profile regression analysis identified 3 clusters that differed in IFN-β induction to RV-A1 (low, medium, high). The typical genetic profile of the cluster associated with low RV-A1-induced IFN-β responses was characterized by a very high probability of being homozygous for the asthma risk allele for all SNPs. Children with persistent wheeze were almost 3 times more likely to be in clusters with reduced/average RV-A1-induced IFN-β responses than in the high immune response cluster. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms on chromosome 17q12-q21 are associated with rhinovirus-induced IFN-β, suggesting a novel mechanism-impaired IFN-β induction-links 17q12-q21 risk alleles with asthma/wheeze.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eteri Regis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Fontanella
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John A Curtin
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael R Edwards
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare S Murray
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Simpson
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adnan Custovic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Oberoi S, Qumseya A, Xue W, Venkatramani R, Weiss AR. Outcome of patients with relapsed or refractory nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas enrolled in phase 2 cooperative group clinical trials: A report from the Children's Oncology Group. Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38470405 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to estimate the event-free survival (EFS) of children and young adults with relapsed or refractory nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS) treated in nonrandomized phase 2 studies conducted by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) and predecessor groups to establish a benchmark EFS for future phase 2 NRSTS trials evaluating the activity of novel agents. METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients with recurrent or refractory NRSTS prospectively enrolled in nonrandomized phase 2 COG and predecessor group trials between 1994 and 2015 was conducted. EFS was defined as disease progression/relapse or death and calculated via the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test and relative risk regression were used to compare EFS distribution by age at enrollment, sex, race, NRSTS histology, prior lines of therapy, calendar year of trial, and type of radiographic response. RESULTS In total, 137 patients were enrolled in 13 phase 2 trials. All trials used radiographic response rate as a primary outcome, and none of the agents used were considered active on the basis of trial-specified thresholds. The estimated median EFS and 6-month EFS of the entire study cohort was 1.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-1.8 months) and 19.4% (95% CI, 12.7%-26%), respectively. No difference in EFS was observed by age at enrollment, sex, race, NRSTS histology subtype, prior lines of therapies, and trial initiation year. EFS significantly differed by radiographic response. CONCLUSIONS The EFS for children and young adults with relapsed or refractory NRSTS remains suboptimal. Established EFS can be referenced as a benchmark for future single-agent phase 2 trials incorporating potentially active novel agents in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Oberoi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amira Qumseya
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rajkumar Venkatramani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aaron R Weiss
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ares G, De Rosso S, Mueller C, Philippe K, Pickard A, Nicklaus S, van Kleef E, Varela P. Development of food literacy in children and adolescents: implications for the design of strategies to promote healthier and more sustainable diets. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:536-552. [PMID: 37339527 PMCID: PMC10925906 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Food literacy has emerged as a key individual trait to promote the transformation of food systems toward healthy and sustainable diets. Childhood and adolescence are key periods for establishing the foundations of eating habits. Different food literacy competencies are acquired as children develop different cognitive abilities, skills, and experiences, contributing to the development of critical tools that allow them to navigate a complex food system. Thus, the design and implementation of programs to support the development of food literacy from early childhood can contribute to healthier and more sustainable eating habits. In this context, the aim of the present narrative review is to provide an in-depth description of how different food literacy competencies are developed in childhood and adolescence, integrating the extensive body of evidence on cognitive, social, and food-related development. Implications for the development of multisectoral strategies to target the multidimensional nature of food literacy and promote the development of the 3 types of competencies (relational, functional, and critical) are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Ares
- Sensometrics & Consumer Science, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Pando, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Sofia De Rosso
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Carina Mueller
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kaat Philippe
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Abigail Pickard
- Center for Food and Hospitality Research, Cognitive Science, Institut Paul Bocuse Research Center, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d’Etude de l’Apprentissage et du Développement–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5022, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
- School of Psychology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Nicklaus
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Ellen van Kleef
- Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paula Varela
- Nofima AS, Ås, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Science, Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gabaldón-Estevan D, Carmona-Talavera D, Catalán-Gregori B, Mañas-García E, Martin-Carbonell V, Monfort L, Martinez-Besteiro E, González-Carrasco M, Hernández-Jiménez MJ, Täht K, Talavera M, Ancheta-Arrabal A, Sáez G, Estany N, Pin-Arboledas G, Reis C. Kairos study protocol: a multidisciplinary approach to the study of school timing and its effects on health, well-being and students' performance. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1336028. [PMID: 38525330 PMCID: PMC10957785 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1336028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence from chronobiology, chssronomedicine and chronopsychology shows that the organisation of social time (e.g., school schedules) generally does not respect biological time. This raises concerns about the impact of the constant mismatch between students' social and internal body clocks on their health, well-being and academic performance. The present paper describes a protocol used to investigate the problem of (de) synchronisation of biological times (chronotypes) in childhood and youth in relation to school times. It studies the effects of student chronotype vs. school schedule matches/mismatches on health behaviours (e.g., how many hours students sleep, when they sleep, eat, do physical activity, spend time outdoors in daylight) and learning (verbal expression, spatial structuring, operations) and whether alert-fatigue levels mediate this effect alignments/misalignments on learning (verbal expression, spatial structuring, operations) and their mediation by alert-fatigue levels. The novelty of our protocol lies in its multidisciplinary and mixed methodology approach to a relevant and complex issue. It draws on up-to-date knowledge from the areas of biology, medicine, psychology, pedagogy and sociology. The methods employed include a varied repertoire of techniques from hormonal analysis (cortisol and melatonin), continuous activity and light monitoring, self-registration of food intake, sleep timings, exercise and exposure to screens, alongside with systematic application of cognitive performance tests (e.g., memory, reasoning, calculation, attention) and self-reported well-being. This comprehensive and interdisciplinary protocol should support evidence-based education policy measures related to school time organisation. Appropriate and healthier school timetables will contribute to social change, healthier students and with more efficient learning. The results of studies using a similar methodology in other countries would ensure replication and comparability of results and contribute to knowledge to support policy making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elena Mañas-García
- Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Lucía Monfort
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elvira Martinez-Besteiro
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Kadri Täht
- Institute of International Social Studies, School of Governance, Law and Society, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marta Talavera
- Department of Experimental and Social Sciences Teaching, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Ancheta-Arrabal
- Department of Comparative Education and History of Education, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sáez
- Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Estany
- Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Pin-Arboledas
- Grupo de Sueño y Cronobiologia de la Asociación Española de Pediatría, Valencia, Spain
| | - Catia Reis
- CRC-W - Faculdade de Ciências Humanas, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, IMM, Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- ISAMB - Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ko K, Jones A, Francis D, Robidoux S, McArthur G. Physiological correlates of anxiety in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Stress Health 2024:e3388. [PMID: 38451702 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the most prevalent problems that affects children and adolescents. The vast majority of diagnostic tools for anxiety depend on written or verbal reports from children and adolescents or their significant others. The validity and reliability of such reports can be compromised by their subjective nature. Thus, there is growing interest in whether anxiety can be indexed with objective physiological measures. The key aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine which physiological measures are most reliably associated with elevated levels of anxiety amongst children and adolescents. Online databases (e.g., PsycINFO, Embase, Medline) were searched for relevant studies according to pre-determined criteria. Twenty-five studies comprising 2502 participants (N = 1160 with high anxiety) met inclusion, identifying 11 groups of physiological measures. Our meta-analysis revealed that skin conductance level is the most sensitive measure of anxiety (d = 0.83), followed by electromyography (EMG) measures (d = 0.71) and skin conductance response (d = 0.58). However, the included studies varied in terms of subjective measures, study designs, experimental task measures, and physiological measures. Consideration of these differences in methodology offer potential directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ko
- Macquarie University Centre for Reading, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alana Jones
- Macquarie University Centre for Reading, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deanna Francis
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Serje Robidoux
- Macquarie University Centre for Reading, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Genevieve McArthur
- Australian Centre for the Advancement of Literacy, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Dyslexia-SPELD Foundation Literacy and Clinical Services, South Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shen M, Han X, Yang Y, Huang H, Hou J, Jin L, Yu X, Zeng Y, He M. Longitudinal Changes in Choroidal Thickness Varied With Refractive Progression in Myopic and Non-Myopic Children: A Two-Year Cohort Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:17. [PMID: 38470328 PMCID: PMC10939140 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the longitudinal changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in children with different refractive status. Methods A total of 2290 children 3 to 14 years old who attended the first year of kindergarten (G0), first year of primary school (G1), fourth year of primary school (G4), or first year of junior high school (G7) in Guangzhou, China, were recruited and followed up for 2 years. All participants received cycloplegic autorefraction, axial length measurement and SFCT measurement using a CIRRUS HD-OCT device. Children were divided into groups of persistent non-myopia (PNM), persistent myopia (PM), or newly developed myopia (NDM). Children in the PNM and PM groups were further divided into subgroups of stable refraction (absolute mean annual spherical equivalent refraction [SER] change < 0.5 D) and refractive progression (absolute mean annual SER change ≥ 0.5 D). Results The mean ± SD ages for the G1 to G7 cohorts were 3.89 ± 0.30, 6.79 ± 0.47, 9.71 ± 0.34, and 12.54 ± 0.38, years, respectively. SFCT consistently decreased in the NDM group across the G1 to G7 cohorts (all P < 0.001) and exhibited variability across different age cohorts in the PNM and PM groups. Further subgroup analysis revealed significant thickening of SFCT in the PNM-stable group among the G0, G1, and G7 cohorts (all P < 0.05), whereas it remained stable among all cohorts in the PM-stable group (all P > 0.05). Conversely, SFCT exhibited thinning in the G4 and G7 cohorts in the PM-progressive group (both P < 0.01) and for the entire cohort of children in the PNM-progressive group (P = 0.012). Conclusions SFCT increased in nonmyopic children with stable refraction, remained stable in myopic children maintained stable refraction, and decreased in those with refractive progression, whether they were myopic or not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaotong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hailu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangfa Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tidblad A, Bottai M, Smedby KE, Albertsson-Wikland K, Sävendahl L. Long-term risk of neoplastic events after childhood growth hormone treatment: a population-based cohort study in Sweden. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1360139. [PMID: 38505755 PMCID: PMC10948557 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1360139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Increased risk of neoplastic events after recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in childhood has been an ongoing concern but long-term safety data are limited. Methods A nationwide population-based cohort study in Sweden of patients treated with rhGH during childhood between 1985-2010, due to isolated growth hormone deficiency (GHD), small for gestational age (SGA) and idiopathic short stature (ISS). The comparison group consisted of 15 age-, sex-, and region-matched controls per patient, randomly selected from the general population. Data on neoplastic events and covariates, such as gestational age, birth weight, birth length, socioeconomic status, and height at study start, were collected through linkage with population-based registers. The cohort was followed for neoplastic events until the end of 2020. Results 53,444 individuals (3,408 patients; 50,036 controls) were followed for up to 35 years, with a median follow-up of 19.8 years and a total of 1,050,977 person-years. Patients showed a moderately increased hazard ratio (HR) for neoplastic events overall compared to controls (HR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.12-1.46), but only significant for males (HR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.17-1.66) and not females (HR 1.15, 95% CI: 0.94-1.41). Longer treatment duration was associated with an increased HR, but no association was found between neoplastic events and mean or cumulative dose. No increased risk of malignant neoplasms was observed for the patients compared to matched controls (HR 0.91 95% CI: 0.66-1.26). Conclusion No association was found between rhGH treatment during childhood for GHD, SGA, or ISS and malignant neoplastic events in early to mid-adulthood. A moderate increase in overall neoplastic events was observed due to an increased number of events in male patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Tidblad
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bottai
- Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin E. Smedby
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology (KEP), Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Hematology, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Albertsson-Wikland
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Sävendahl
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nabinger AB, Panzenhagen AC, Dahmer T, Almeida RF, Dias AU, Pereira BFB, Pedro CW, Rodrigues GS, Adão IK, Robini PHO, Silva JS, Rocha R, Dantas RP, Moreira JCF, Capp E, Shansis FM. Early-life trauma, impulsivity and suicide attempt: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2024. [PMID: 38431891 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is a worldwide health concern and up to date there is no good predictor of it except a previous suicide attempt. Therefore, there are increasing efforts in the understanding of which factors, genetic or environmental, are associated with suicide behaviour. OBJECTIVE To review evidence of the effect of childhood trauma and impulsivity on suicidal behavior through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Searches were conducted on the 12th of June 2021 in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Two reviewers evaluated each record for eligibility and discussed upon disagreement, when no consensus was reached, a third reviewer was involved to make a decision. RESULTS A total of 11,530 records were identified through the searches. After duplicates were removed, 6,595 records remained to be screened. The full text was sought for 1,561 records. Our qualitative synthesis included 22 studies, from which 9 were included in the meta-analyses. We found a significant effect of sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse and physical neglect on suicide attempts in the prisoners, and Substance Use Diorder (SUD) subgroups. Moreover, there was a significant effect of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) total score and emotional neglect dimension for all the subgroups. CONCLUSION The present study has provided an overview of the state-of-the-art research on childhood trauma and impulsivity and their association with suicidal behavior and quantified their effects on suicide attempts. Hopefully this evidence will be considered in future research and harnessed for clinical gain in detection and treatment of suicide behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bender Nabinger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Alana Castro Panzenhagen
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thricy Dahmer
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Farina Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecsão, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL),RS, Brazil
| | - André Utsch Dias
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Cristine Weihrauch Pedro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Graziela Smaniotto Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Izabela Keuffer Adão
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Sampaio Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rocha
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Raul Prates Dantas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Edison Capp
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio Milman Shansis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional em Comportamento Suicida, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sultana M, Nichols M, Jacobs J, Karacabeyli D, Allender S, Novotny R, Brown V. The range of outcomes and outcome measurement instruments collected in multisectoral community-based obesity prevention interventions in children: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2024. [PMID: 38432682 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Multicomponent and multisectoral community-based interventions (CBIs) have proven potential in preventing overweight and obesity in children. Synthesizing evidence on the outcomes collected and reported in such CBIs is critical for the evidence of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. This systematic review aimed to identify the range of outcomes and outcome measurement instruments collected and reported in multisectoral and multicomponent CBIs for obesity prevention in children. A systematic search updated an existing review and extended the search to 11 academic databases (2017-2023) and gray literature. Outcomes were classified into outcome domains, and common measurement instruments were summarized. Seventeen outcome domains from 140 unique outcomes were identified from 45 included interventions reported in 120 studies. The most frequently collected outcome domains included anthropometry and body composition (91% of included interventions), physical activity (84%), dietary intake (71%), environmental (71%), and sedentary behavior (62%). The most frequently collected outcomes from each of these domains included body mass index (89%), physical activity (73%), fruit and vegetable intake (58%), school environment (42%), and screen time (58%). Outcome measurement instruments varied, particularly for behavioral outcomes. Standardization of reported outcomes and measurement instruments is recommended to facilitate data harmonization and support quantifying broader benefits of CBIs for obesity prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marufa Sultana
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Nichols
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Jacobs
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Derin Karacabeyli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Novotny
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Vicki Brown
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Stonawski V, Mai-Lippold SA, Graap H, Moll GH, Kratz O, Van Doren J, Horndasch S. Processing of food stimuli in anorexia nervosa: An ERP-study comparing adolescents and adults. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2024; 32:281-297. [PMID: 37850962 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with altered processing of disorder-relevant stimuli. Event-related potentials (ERP) - such as the Late Positive Potential (LPP) - give information about the underlying mechanisms of central nervous stimulus processing. METHODS Patients with AN (22 adolescents, 23 adults) and healthy controls (HCs; 17 adolescents, 24 adults) were included. Neutral, low, and high calorie food-images were rated for valence and arousal; EEG activity was recorded and LPPs (early: 350-700 ms; late: 800-1200 ms) were extracted. Effects of patient status, age group, and stimulus category were analyzed via mixed 2 × 2 × 3-AN(C)OVAs. RESULTS Patients with AN rated high calorie stimuli lower in valence and higher in arousal than HCs. Controlling for hunger, food stimuli elicited higher early LPPs than neutral ones in patients and HCs. For the late LPP, patients with AN showed larger amplitudes. CONCLUSION Results suggest a highly automatic attentional bias towards low-calorie foods. Patients with AN seem to have more intense cognitive processing independent of stimulus material. More research is needed to validate and clarify differences between early and late LPP measures as well as the operationalization and relevance of hunger status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeska Stonawski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra A Mai-Lippold
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Holmer Graap
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunther H Moll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kratz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jessica Van Doren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Horndasch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Israel A, Merzon E, Krone B, Faraone SV, Green I, Golan Cohen A, Vinker S, Cohen S, Ashkenazi S, Magen E, Weizman A, Manor I. The Association Between Repeated Measured Febrile Episodes During Early Childhood and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Large-Scale Population-Based Study. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:677-685. [PMID: 38281128 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231215289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the association between the number, magnitude, and frequency of febrile episodes during the 0 to 4 years of life and subsequent diagnosis of ADHD. METHODS This population-based case-control study in an Israeli HMO, Leumit Health Services (LHS), uses a database for all LHS members aged 5 to 18 years between 1/1/2002 and 1/30/2022. The number and magnitude of measured fever episodes during the 0 to 4 years were recorded in individuals with ADHD (N = 18,558) and individually matched non-ADHD controls in a 1:2 ratio (N = 37,116). RESULTS A significant, independent association was found between the number and magnitude of febrile episodes during the 0 to 4 years and the probability of a later diagnosis of ADHD. Children who never had a measured temperature >37.5°C had a significantly lower rate of ADHD (OR = 0.834, 95% CI [0.802, 0.866], p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Febrile episodes during 0 to 4 years are associated with a significantly increased rate of a later diagnosis of ADHD in a doseresponse relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Eugene Merzon
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Beth Krone
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ilan Green
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Shlomo Vinker
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Eli Magen
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Marcus Family Campus, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Iris Manor
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fitzgerald M. The Bayliss-Starling Prize Lecture: The developmental physiology of spinal cord and cortical nociceptive circuits. J Physiol 2024; 602:1003-1016. [PMID: 38426221 DOI: 10.1113/jp283994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
When do we first experience pain? To address this question, we need to know how the developing nervous system processes potential or real tissue-damaging stimuli in early life. In the newborn, nociception preserves life through reflex avoidance of tissue damage and engagement of parental help. Importantly, nociception also forms the starting point for experiencing and learning about pain and for setting the level of adult pain sensitivity. This review, which arose from the Bayliss-Starling Prize Lecture, focuses on the basic developmental neurophysiology of early nociceptive circuits in the spinal cord, brainstem and cortex that form the building blocks of our first pain experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fitzgerald
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Peckham-Gregory EC, Boff LM, Schraw JM, Spector LG, Linabery AM, Erhardt EB, Ribeiro KB, Allen CE, Scheurer ME, Lupo PJ. Role of non-chromosomal birth defects on the risk of developing childhood Hodgkin lymphoma: A Children's Oncology Group study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30822. [PMID: 38146016 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-chromosomal birth defects are an important risk factor for several childhood cancers. However, these associations are less clear for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Therefore, we sought to more fully elucidate the association between non-chromosomal birth defects and HL risk. PROCEDURE Information on cases (n = 517) diagnosed with HL (ages of 0-14) at Children's Oncology Group Institutions for the period of 1989-2003 was obtained. Control children without a history of cancer (n = 784) were identified using random digit dialing and individually matched to cases on sex, race/ethnicity, age, and geographic location. Parents completed comprehensive interviews and answered questions including whether their child had been born with a non-chromosomal birth defect. To test the association between birth defects and HL risk, conditional logistic regression was applied to generate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Children born with any non-chromosomal birth defect were not more likely to be diagnosed with HL at 0-14 years of age (aOR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.69-1.21). No associations were detected between major or minor birth defects and HL (aOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 0.67-2.67 and aOR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.57-1.34, respectively). Similarly, no association was observed for children born with any birth defect and EBV-positive HL (aOR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.25-1.26). CONCLUSIONS Previous assessments of HL in children with non-chromosomal birth defects have been limited. Using data from the largest case-control study of HL in those <15 years of age, we did not observe strong associations between being born with a birth defect and HL risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Peckham-Gregory
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Feigin Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lucas Maschietto Boff
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeremy M Schraw
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Feigin Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Logan G Spector
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amy M Linabery
- Department of Pediatrics, Neuroscience Institute, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Erik B Erhardt
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Karina B Ribeiro
- Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carl E Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Feigin Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Feigin Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Feigin Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Teoh LJ, Kellett S, Patel DE, Cortina-Borja M, Solebo AL, Rahi JS. Evaluating the Quantity and Quality of Health Economic Literature in Blinding Childhood Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review. Pharmacoeconomics 2024; 42:275-299. [PMID: 37971639 PMCID: PMC7615631 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the socioeconomic burden associated with childhood visual impairment, severe visual impairment and blindness (VI/SVI/BL) is needed to inform economic evaluations of existing and emerging interventions aimed at protecting or improving vision. This study aimed to evaluate the quantity and quality of literature on resource use and/or costs associated with childhood VI/SVI/BL disorders. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science (Ovid), the National Health Service (NHS) Economic Evaluation Database and grey literature were searched in November 2020. The PubMed search was rerun in February 2022. Original articles reporting unique estimates of resource use or cost data on conditions resulting in bilateral VI/SVI/BL were eligible for data extraction. Quality assessment (QA) was undertaken using the Drummond checklist adapted for cost-of-illness (COI) studies. RESULTS We identified 31 eligible articles, 27 from the peer-reviewed literature and four from the grey literature. Two reported on resource use, and 29 reported on costs. Cerebral visual impairment and optic nerve disorders were not examined in any included studies, whereas retinopathy of prematurity was the most frequently examined condition. The quality of studies varied, with economic evaluations having higher mean QA scores (82%) compared to COI studies (77%). Deficiencies in reporting were seen, particularly in the clinical definitions of conditions in economic evaluations and a lack of discounting and sensitivity analyses in COI studies. CONCLUSIONS There is sparse literature on resource use or costs associated with childhood visual impairment disorders. The first step in addressing this important evidence gap is to ensure core visual impairment outcomes are measured in future randomised control trials of interventions as well as cohort studies and are reported as a discrete health outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda J Teoh
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Salomey Kellett
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dipesh E Patel
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Moorfields NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Mario Cortina-Borja
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ameenat Lola Solebo
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Moorfields NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Jugnoo S Rahi
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Moorfields NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pucciarelli DM, Ramasubramani R, Trautmann CH. Associations Between Psychopathological Symptom Severity Amid the Pandemic and the Childhood Sociodemographic Environment. Cureus 2024; 16:e56458. [PMID: 38638738 PMCID: PMC11024765 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well-documented that childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with various health conditions in adulthood. Here, we examine the extent to which childhood SES is associated with COVID-19 pandemic anxiety and depression. Participants (n = 212), recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk, were assessed for depression and anxiety in February 2022 for both the current context and retrospective self-perceived early pandemic depression and anxiety (April 2020). Participants also reported childhood SES and current demographics. Consistent with predated findings, we show a strong, positive correlation between depression and anxiety under both conditions. Paternal unemployment in childhood was associated with increased anxiety, while maternal occupation was not. High household education in childhood was generally associated with greater anxiety and depression, similar to past studies examining education levels and depression. However, the shift from high school to post-secondary degrees (trade school and associate's) was associated with decreased anxiety and depression, which may reflect "essential work" careers, therefore indicating a dualism. Growing up in crowded, de-individualized spaces was associated with lower anxiety and depression, suggesting better conditioning for the imposition of COVID-19 quarantines. Pandemic-related unemployment was associated with an increase in anxiety and depression. Strong political views, regardless of ideology, were associated with increased anxiety. Finally, participants in our cohort perceived their mental health to be worse in the early pandemic for anxiety and depression, up 6.6% and 7.9%, respectively. Our work suggests a complex relationship between SES, demographics, and anxiety and depression during the pandemic. These findings emphasize the importance of exploring the dynamics between early SES and mental health in adulthood, particularly during extended societal stressors.
Collapse
|
47
|
Illarregi U, Lopez-Lopez E. LncRNA expression and regulatory networks across pediatric cancers. Transl Pediatr 2024; 13:383-386. [PMID: 38455753 PMCID: PMC10915441 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Unai Illarregi
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Elixabet Lopez-Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Pediatric Oncology Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wichstrøm T, Wichstrøm L. Childhood Predictors of Nonsuicidal Self-injury in Adolescence: A Birth Cohort Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00073-X. [PMID: 38423281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is rare in childhood but becomes prevalent in adolescence, which suggests that early intervention might be indicated. As childhood predictors of NSSI in adolescence are largely unknown, identifying these predictors was the aim of this study. METHOD In a birth cohort sample (n = 759) of Norwegian children, NSSI at 12, 14, or 16 years of age was regressed on predictors of NSSI at age 6 (parental factors: depression, parenting stress, negativity/hostility, emotional availability to the child; child factors: temperamental negative affectivity, emotion regulation, symptoms of emotional and behavioral disorders; external events: victimization from bullying, serious negative life events). Semistructured clinical interviews with adolescents and their parents were used to assess DSM-5-defined NSSI and NSSI disorder. RESULTS NSSI during the preceding 12 months at 12, 14, or 16 years of age was reported by 81 adolescents (10.0%, 95% CI 8.2-11.9), and NSSI disorder was reported by 20 adolescents (2.7%, 95% CI 1.9-3.8). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, female gender (odds ratio 11.6, 95% CI 4.0-33.5), parenting stress (odds ratio 4.8, 95% CI 1.4-16.5), and parental negativity/hostility (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.7) predicted NSSI, whereas child factors and external events were not predictive. CONCLUSION Parental factors when the child is 6 years of age-parenting stress and negativity/hostility toward the child-predict NSSI in adolescence. Universal and indicated programs targeting these aspects of parenting during childhood might reduce NSSI in adolescence. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tove Wichstrøm
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lars Wichstrøm
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Moritani Y, Shibazaki T, Kobori H, Morota H, Nakamura C, Nakazawa Y. Severely obese 14-year-old boy with central sleep apnea several years after head trauma. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2024; 33:82-86. [PMID: 38572383 PMCID: PMC10985009 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2023-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Central sleep apnea (CSA) is rare in older children. Although CSA mostly arises from neurological diseases such as Chiari malformation, the frequency of CSA is significantly higher in obese children. Herein, we describe the case of a 14-yr-old boy who presented with CSA secondary to severe obesity and a history of traumatic lateral medullary syndrome at 8 yr of age. Polysomnography revealed severe sleep apnea syndrome with apnea-hypopnea index of 41.4 per hour and central apnea index of 8.9 per hour. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head showed no new brainstem or cerebellar infarcts; however, old changes in the cerebellar infarction persisted. Obesity is primarily associated with obstructive sleep apnea. However, obesity can result in CSA through pharyngeal collapse and the reduction of oxygen reserves caused by reduced thoracic volume, which suppresses respiratory center stimulation. Because the respiratory center disorder owing to head injury sequelae improved after the acute stage, obesity was deemed the cause of CSA in this case. Hence, children with severe obesity may require CSA monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Moritani
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takumi Shibazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hotaru Kobori
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Haruka Morota
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Chizuko Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vidal-Sánchez MI, Cantero-Garlito PA, Gasch-Gallén Á. Professional Perspectives on Children's Health Assets: A Delphi Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:506. [PMID: 38470616 PMCID: PMC10930817 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to describe a local community expert's perspective on the identification of and access to children's health assets and to gather proposals to promote children's health and well-being within their community. The health asset approach is essential for health promotion, and there is evidence of its benefits to individuals' or communities' health when this approach is observed. Children's health assets are gaining increasing interest, but the literature that captures the perception of professionals working with children is scarce. Qualitative research designed with Delphi methodology was carried out with the participation of 25 professionals working in a neighbourhood with children and families. The participants stated that this neighbourhood was a good environment for the healthy and happy growth of children but pointed out that there were inequities. They emphasised the importance of economic and physical security and feeling loved. The absolute best aspects of the neighbourhood according to these experts were its support networks, mutual help, educational and health services, and green spaces, and the most deficient aspects were the possibility of a hopeful future and emotional support within the family unit. Poverty and/or the scarcity of economic resources were identified as the main barriers to accessing health assets. Special difficulties in access to health for migrant and Roma children were also identified. The panel of experts made concrete action proposals. It was recommended to support resources and services that already exist in their community. The experts prioritised work with families, education, working in conjunction with vulnerable groups, community participation, and networking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Vidal-Sánchez
- Physiatrist and Nursing Department, Health Science Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.I.V.-S.); (Á.G.-G.)
- GIIS104-Wellbeing, Occupation, Participation and Health Research Group (IBiOPS), Institute for Health Research Aragón, Zaragoza University, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo A. Cantero-Garlito
- Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Department, Health Science Faculty, Castilla La Mancha University, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Ángel Gasch-Gallén
- Physiatrist and Nursing Department, Health Science Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.I.V.-S.); (Á.G.-G.)
- GIIS094-Research Group Nursing Research in Primary Care in Aragón (GENIAPA), Institute for Health Research Aragón, Zaragoza University, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- GIIS011-Aragonese Research Group in Primary Care (GAIAP), Institute for Health Research Aragón, Zaragoza University, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|