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Nygaard HS, Øen KG. Public health nurses' experiences following up children with overweight and obesity according to national guidelines. A qualitative study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2306658. [PMID: 38262000 PMCID: PMC10810652 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2306658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop knowledge of how the follow-up regarding overweight and obesity among children in primary school is experienced by the PHN and how the guidelines may be used to improve health services in this follow-up. METHODS We analysed semi-structured interviews of 9 PHNs using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Two themes emerged: Following up with children with overweight and obesity is an important but challenging duty; The PHNs call for clearer guidelines. Following five sub-themes: PHNs strive to adhere to the guidelines, show compassion in the follow-up, have difficulty handling parents' feelings and reactions, feel alone with the responsibility, and have suggestions for clearer guidelines. CONCLUSIONS PHNs call for enough resources to communicate the results of the child's weight in a sufficient form. PHNs and families should establish common goals. The PHN should avoid one-way communication but meet the parents' concerns and needs. This requires the PHN to focus on building a secure relation to the child and the families, as described by Peplau. Guidelines must include instructions and tools on how to communicate and meet the family's concerns. Political action and increased funding could strengthen the follow-up and thereby prevent more obesity among children, which can be a predictor of poorer health outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Skjelbred Nygaard
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kirsten Gudbjørg Øen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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Kozak AT, Garber N, Uhley V. Undergraduates' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours associated with fad diets. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2309687. [PMID: 38290052 PMCID: PMC10829839 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2309687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to determine undergraduate students' use and knowledge of fad diets as well as examine how appealing students found these diets given the goal of rapid weight loss and/or improved health. Twenty-three students from a Midwestern university (mean age = 19.2, mean BMI = 27.35, 69.6% female) were recruited through new student orientations for this qualitative study. Approximately 52% of participants identified as White, 30% as Black, 13% as Asian, and 4% as multi-racial. METHODS Knowledge and opinions about fad diets were collected via focus groups and individual interviews. Coding of transcripts was conducted by hand using the constant comparative method and data were analysed based on grounded theory. RESULTS Two primary themes emerged: very negative views of fad diets and the importance of healthy eating. Although few participants had tried fad diets, they thought these diets: 1) did not lead to sustained weight loss, 2) were associated with disappointment and health issues, and 3) were money-making schemes delivered heavily through social media. Participants also valued healthy eating. CONCLUSION Experimental studies are needed to examine how healthy eating among university students can be supported through credible sources, accurate information, and established connections via innovative social media platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T. Kozak
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Noah Garber
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Virginia Uhley
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies and Family Medicine & Community Health, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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Mao JY, Luo S, Wang L, Chen Y, Zhou Q, Yang CY, Xiang X, Wang DP, Zuo HM, Liu TH, Wen L, Qu SM, Hou T. Impact factors and obstetric outcomes of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies by prepregnancy body mass index: a six-year retrospective cohort study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 37:2345294. [PMID: 38658184 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2024.2345294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among many risk factors for preeclampsia (PE), prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) is one of few controllable factors. However, there is a lack of stratified analysis based on the prepregnancy BMI. This study aimed to determine the influencing factors for PE and assess the impact of PE on obstetric outcomes in twin pregnancies by prepregnancy BMI. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022, in Southwest China. Impact factors and associations between PE and obstetric outcomes were analyzed separately for twin pregnancies with prepregnancy BMI < 24kg/m2 (non-overweight group) and BMI ≥ 24kg/m2 (overweight group). RESULTS In total, 3602 twin pregnancies were included, of which, 672 women were allocated into the overweight group and 11.8% of them reported with PE; 2930 women were allocated into the non-overweight group, with a PE incidence of 5.6%. PE had a negative effect on birthweight and increased the incidence of neonatal intensive care unit admission in both the overweight and non-overweight groups (43.0% vs. 28.0%, p = .008; 45.7% vs. 29.1%, p < .001). Among overweight women, PE increased the proportion of postpartum hemorrhage (15.2% vs. 4.4%, p < .001). After adjustments, multivariate regression analysis showed that excessive gestational weight gain (aOR = 1.103, 95% CI: 1.056-1.152; aOR = 1.094, 95% CI: 1.064-1.126) and hypoproteinemia (aOR = 2.828, 95% CI: 1.501-5.330; aOR = 6.932, 95% CI: 4.819-9.971) were the shared risk factors for PE in both overweight and non-overweight groups. In overweight group, in vitro fertilization was the other risk factor (aOR = 2.713, 95% CI: 1.183-6.878), whereas dichorionic fertilization (aOR = 0.435, 95% CI: 0.193-0.976) and aspirin use during pregnancy (aOR = 0.456, 95% CI: 0.246-0.844) were protective factors. Additionally, anemia during pregnancy (aOR = 1.542, 95% CI: 1.090-2.180) and growth discordance in twins (aOR = 2.451, 95% CI: 1.215-4.205) were connected with an increased risk of PE only in non-overweight twin pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS Both discrepancy and similarity of impact factors on developing PE were found between overweight and non-overweight twin pregnancies in this study. However, the dosage and initiation time of aspirin, as well as twin chorionicity on the occurrence of PE in two subgroups, are still debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, (Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, (Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, (Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, (Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, (Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, (Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, (Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Da-Ping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, (Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, (Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tai-Hang Liu
- The Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, (Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Si-Meng Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, (Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, (Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Chen J, Terry MB, Dalerba P, Hur C, Hu J, Yang W. Environmental drivers of the rising incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer in the United States. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1930-1939. [PMID: 38339887 PMCID: PMC10984757 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Incidence of early-onset (diagnosed before age 50) colorectal cancer (EOCRC) has increased alarmingly since the 1990s in the United States. This study investigated what environmental exposures may have driven this increase. We obtained EOCRC incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, and data for 11 exposures, for example, body mass index (BMI), from long-term national surveys. We aggregated these data for 30 to 49-year-olds during 1992 to 2016 by population subgroups defined by calendar period, age, race and sex, and used negative binomial regression models to identify and estimate associations of EOCRC with multiple exposures. Furthermore, we used counterfactual modeling to quantify contributions of identified risk factors to EOCRC incidence. The top models (with lowest Bayesian Information Criteria) consistently identified excess body weight, represented by overweight and obesity (BMI ≥25) or obesity alone (BMI ≥30), as the strongest risk factor. The best-performing model estimated increased EOCRC incidence due to overweight and obesity, with an incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.20 (1.17-1.22) for white men, 1.04 (1.00-1.08) for black men, 1.17 (1.15-1.21) for white women and 1.03 (0.97-1.08) for black women. Increases in overweight and obesity prevalence contributed to an estimated 30% (standard error: 1%) for men and 28% (standard error: 2%) for women of ECORC incidence during 1992 to 2016. These findings suggest excess body weight substantially contributed to and is likely a primary driver of the rising incidence of EOCRC in the United States. Prevention of excess weight gain may help lower colorectal cancer risk early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Piero Dalerba
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disorders, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Digestive and Liver Disease Research Center (DLDRC), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative (CSCI), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chin Hur
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Starnberg J, Renström L. Scoping review showed that obesity prevention in Nordic countries had limited effects on children from birth to 7 years of age. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:912-922. [PMID: 37988200 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this scoping review was to map and summarise clinical trials that attempted to prevent obesity in children from birth to 7 years of age in any of the Nordic countries. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL Plus and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for peer-reviewed papers and registered trials published in English or Swedish. The overall search period was from 1 January 2002 to 13 December 2022. We included randomised and non-randomised trials initiated from birth to 7 years of age that aimed to prevent obesity in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. RESULTS The search resulted in 414 papers and 14 were included. Despite having diverse settings and designs, none of them reported consistently favourable results for anthropometric outcomes, apart from beneficial trends in subgroups with a high body mass index at baseline. Most studies reported temporarily improved dietary patterns. CONCLUSION There is a gap in the current research about how to best prevent obesity in children. We suggest that researchers should focus on risk groups and that interventions that last a number of years are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Starnberg
- Centre for Research and Development, Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research, Region Gävleborg and Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Lina Renström
- Centre for Research and Development, Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research, Region Gävleborg and Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden
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Liu W, Ren L, Fang F, Chen R. Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity and risk of birth defects in offspring: Population-based cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103:862-872. [PMID: 38282287 PMCID: PMC11019515 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal obesity, a health condition increasingly prevalent worldwide, has been suggested to be associated with a higher risk of birth defects in offspring, whereas evidence from population-based data from China was largely lacking. Additionally, the role of gestational diabetes in the association between maternal obesity and birth defects remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of maternal pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity with any and different types of birth defects in offspring and the interaction between pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity and gestational diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study including 257 107 singletons born between 2015 and 2021 in Longgang District, Shenzhen, China, using data from the Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Management System. Poisson regression was conducted to estimate the associations of maternal pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity, as well as the interaction between pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity and gestational diabetes, with the risk of birth defects. Models were adjusted for maternal age at delivery, educational level, type of household registration, and gravidity. RESULTS Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight was associated with a higher risk of any birth defect (risk ratio [RR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12 to 1.31) as well as of congenital malformations of the circulatory system (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.41), eye/ear/face/neck (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.94), and musculoskeletal system (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.44). Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with a higher risk of any birth defect (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.63) and congenital malformations of the circulatory system (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.98). Infants born to overweight or obese mothers with gestational diabetes had a higher risk of congenital malformations of the circulatory system than infants born to overweight or obese mothers without gestational diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity was associated with a higher risk of birth defects, particularly congenital malformations of the circulatory system, in offspring. Gestational diabetes interacts additively with pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity on modifying the risk of congenital malformations of the circulatory system. The importance of improving weight management and assessment of glucose and metabolic functions was emphasized among women planning for pregnancy who are overweight or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Liu
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College)ShenzhenChina
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Luzhong Ren
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College)ShenzhenChina
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Ruoqing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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Hawwash NK, Sperrin M, Martin GP, Joshu CE, Florido R, Platz EA, Renehan AG. Overweight-years and cancer risk: A prospective study of the association and comparison of predictive performance with body mass index (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study). Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1556-1568. [PMID: 38143298 PMCID: PMC7615716 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Excess body mass index (BMI) is associated with a higher risk of at least 13 cancers, but it is usually measured at a single time point. We tested whether the overweight-years metric, which incorporates exposure time to BMI ≥25 kg/m2 , is associated with cancer risk and compared this with a single BMI measure. We used adulthood BMI readings in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study to derive the overweight-years metric. We calculated associations between the metric and BMI and the risk of cancers using Cox proportional hazards models. Models that either included the metric or BMI were compared using Harrell's C-statistic. We included 13,463 participants, with 3,876 first primary cancers over a mean of 19 years (SD 7) of cancer follow-up. Hazard ratios for obesity-related cancers per standard deviation overweight-years were 1.15 (95% CI: 1.05-1.25) in men and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.08-1.20) in women. The difference in the C-statistic between models that incorporated BMI, or the overweight-years metric was non-significant in men and women. Overweight-years was associated with the risk of obesity-related cancers but did not outperform a single BMI measure in association performance characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadin K. Hawwash
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Sperrin
- Centre for Health Informatics, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Glen P. Martin
- Centre for Health Informatics, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Corinne E. Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roberta Florido
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew G. Renehan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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Richards JR, Khalsa SS. Highway to the danger zone? A cautionary account that GLP-1 receptor agonists may be too effective for unmonitored weight loss. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13709. [PMID: 38320760 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are revolutionizing obesity and type 2 diabetes treatment, delivering remarkable weight loss outcomes. These medications, leveraging the effects of the insulin-regulating hormone GLP-1 via actions on peripheral and central nervous system targets, have raised hopes with their bariatric surgery-rivaling results. However, questions remain about their long-term safety and efficacy. Drawing from our expertise in obesity medicine and psychiatry, we reflect upon our experiences with the clinical use of these medications and delve into the nuanced challenges and risks they pose, particularly for those prone to disordered eating or those diagnosed with rare genetic diseases of obesity. We contend that effectively managing weight loss within this "danger zone" necessitates (1) proactive screening and continuous monitoring for disordered eating, (2) vigilant monitoring for appetite-related maladaptive responses, including food aversion and dehydration, and (3) ongoing assessment for broader health impacts. A multifaceted, interdisciplinary approach that melds medical, psychological, dietary, and behavioral strategies is crucial to delivering tailored and thorough care to each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R Richards
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma - Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
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Lau Y, Wong SH, Chee DGH, Ng BSP, Ang WW, Han CY, Cheng LJ. Technology-delivered personalized nutrition intervention on dietary outcomes among adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13699. [PMID: 38296771 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has continued to increase globally, and one-size-fits-all dietary recommendations may not be suitable for different individual characteristics. A personalized nutrition intervention may be a potential solution. This review aims to evaluate the effects of the technology-delivered personalized nutrition intervention on energy, fat, vegetable, and fruit intakes among adults with overweight and obesity. A three-step comprehensive search strategy was performed from 10 databases and seven clinical registries in published and unpublished trials. A total of 46 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 19,670 adults with overweight and obesity from 14 countries are included. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted. Meta-analyses showed a reduction of energy intake (-128.05, 95% CI: -197.08, -59.01) and fat intake (-1.81% energy/days, 95% CI: -3.38, -0.24, and -0.19 scores, 95% CI: -0.40, 0.02) in the intervention compared with the comparator. Significant improvements in vegetable and fruit intakes with 0.12-0.15 servings/day were observed in the intervention. Combined one- and two-way interactions had a greater effect on energy intake reduction compared with their counterparts. Meta-regression analyses revealed that no significant covariates were found. Given that the certainty of the evidence was rated as low or very low, further well-designed RCTs with long-term follow-up are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lau
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | | | - Brenda Sok Peng Ng
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Wei Ang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chad Yixian Han
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ling Jie Cheng
- Health Systems and Behavioural Science Domain, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Zhu X, Qin J, Xue W, Li S, Zhao M, Yingliang Jin. The effect of GnRH analog treatment on BMI in children treated for precocious puberty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:297-308. [PMID: 38407229 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the effect of GnRHa treatment on the BMI of children with precocious puberty after GnRHa treatment as compared to before, and to analyze the effect of GnRHa treatment on the body composition of children with precocious puberty at different BMIs by classifying into normal body mass, overweight, and obese groups according to BMI at the time of initial diagnosis. CONTENT A meta-analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 software by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP database), and Wan fang database for relevant literature on standard deviation score of body mass index (BMI-SDS) after GnRHa treatment as compared to before in children with precocious puberty. SUMMARY A total of eight studies were included with a total sample size of 715 cases, and the results of meta-analysis showed that BMI-SDS increased in children with precocious puberty after GnRHa treatment as compared to before starting [(weighted mean difference (WMD)=0.23, 95 % CI: 0.14-0.33, p=0.000)] and also increased in children with normal body mass [(WMD=0.37, 95 % CI: 0.28-0.46, p=0.000)], and there was no significant change in BMI-SDS in children in the overweight or obese group [(WMD=0.01, 95 % CI: -0.08-0.10, p=0.775)]. OUTLOOK Overall, there was an observed increase in BMI-SDS at the conclusion of GnRHa treatment in children with precocious puberty. Additionally, it was found that the effect of GnRHa treatment on body composition varied among children with different BMI status. Clinicians should emphasize the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and personalized dietary management for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 38044 Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Qin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 38044 Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Weirong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 38044 Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shengli Li
- Clinical Research Institute, 117910 Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, 117910 Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yingliang Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, 38044 Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Barrero JA, Duarte-Zambrano F, Mockus I. The socioeconomic gradient in overweight and obesity among Colombian adult and pediatric populations: A scoping review. Nutr Health 2024:2601060241248307. [PMID: 38651331 DOI: 10.1177/02601060241248307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Background: The imminent increase in overweight and obesity prevalence constitutes a pervasive concern for the adult and pediatric Colombian population. Nonetheless, the unequal distribution across distinct social groups limits the implementation of public health policies targeting these escalating rates. Aim: This study aimed to compile existing evidence regarding the prevalence of overweight and obesity in relation to the socioeconomic status (SES) of the Colombian population. Methods: A scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews parameters in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and LILACS databases for inclusion of investigations published up to January 2024. Results: Twenty-two cross-sectional studies were included. A higher prevalence of overweight and obesity was documented in adults with lower SES defined by social stratum and monetary income, while in particular for nonpregnant adult women, the prevalence of excess weight was higher in the medium-low socioeconomic stratum. In the pediatric population, higher SES defined by social stratum was directly related to an increased prevalence and risk of overweight and obesity. The ownership of household assets, however, was positively related to the risk of overweight in both adult and pediatric populations. Conclusion: The findings of this investigation disclose a socioeconomic gradient in overweight and obesity in Colombia that resembles the epidemiological distribution in high-income countries for adults, though similar to low-income countries for the pediatric population. Further intersectoral interventions aimed at the most vulnerable groups are imperative to mitigate the inequalities that condition their predisposition to overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Barrero
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, División de Lípidos y Diabetes, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Duarte-Zambrano
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, División de Lípidos y Diabetes, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ismena Mockus
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, División de Lípidos y Diabetes, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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Marsh R, Gill S, Lowry N, Hayden G, Ryan M, Gwini SM, Allender S, Stella J. Childhood obesity in the ED: A prospective Australian study. Emerg Med Australas 2024. [PMID: 38649794 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.14414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine (i) the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children presenting to all EDs in a large regional Australian city and (ii) whether age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES) or hospital setting (public vs private) were associated with overweight and obesity. METHODS This prospective observational study included children aged ≥2 and <18 years who presented to any of three EDs over an 18 month period who had their height and weight measured. Age, sex and residential postcode were collected. Weight category was determined by sex and age standardised body mass index (BMI) z-score. Weight category was assessed by sex, age, SES and hospital setting with chi-squared tests, and ordinal logistic regression with cluster sandwich error estimators. Results were reported using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Data were collected for 3827 children, of which 11.6% were obese and 19.8% overweight. The prevalence of obesity was highest in those aged 8-14 years and in those from lower SES postcodes. The likelihood of obesity was higher in the public than the private hospitals (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.51-0.86), whereas the likelihood of overweight was similar (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.83-1.22). CONCLUSIONS Almost one-third of children who presented to EDs were overweight or obese. Obesity was particularly high in those aged 8-14 years and those from lower SES postcodes. In the evolving obesity crisis, the high proportion of children presenting to EDs above a healthy weight might represent an opportunity for EDs to identify and refer children for body weight and lifestyle management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Marsh
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Gill
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Deakin University Faculty of Health, Barwon Centre for Orthopedic Research and Education (B-CORE), Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Lowry
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgina Hayden
- St John of God Geelong Hospital, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Ryan
- Emergency Department, Epworth Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Steven Allender
- Deakin University Global Obesity Centre, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian Stella
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Li QJ, Zhou SM, Zhang LY, Lin AN, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Che X, Qian YW, Liu Y, Wang ZL. Evaluation of retinal and choroidal thickness changes in overweight and obese adults without ocular symptoms by swept-source optical coherence tomography. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:707-712. [PMID: 38638269 PMCID: PMC10988066 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.04.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relationship of overweight and obesity with retinal and choroidal thickness in adults without ocular symptoms by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). METHODS According to the body mass index (BMI) results, the adults enrolled in the cross-sectional study were divided into the normal group (18.50≤BMI<25.00 kg/m2), the overweight group (25.00≤BMI<30.00 kg/m2), and the obesity group (BMI≥30.00 kg/m2). The one-way ANOVA and the Chi-square test were used for comparisons. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the measured variables. RESULTS This research covered the left eyes of 3 groups of 434 age- and sex-matched subjects each: normal, overweight, and obesity. The mean BMI was 22.20±1.67, 26.82±1.38, and 32.21±2.35 kg/m2 in normal, overweight and obesity groups, respectively. The choroid was significantly thinner in both the overweight and obesity groups compared to the normal group (P<0.05 for all), while the retinal thickness of the three groups did not differ significantly. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that BMI was significantly negatively correlated with choroidal thickness, but no significant correlation was observed between BMI and retinal thickness. CONCLUSION Choroidal thickness is decreased in people with overweight or obesity. Research on changes in choroidal thickness contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of certain ocular disorders in overweight and obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Jian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Sheng-Mei Zhou
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University School of Medicine, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University School of Medicine, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - An-Ni Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xin Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yi-Wen Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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14
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Clain E, Kaizer LK, Sammel MD, Wang J, Homer M, Uhler M, Hoyos LR, Devine K, Polotsky AJ. Mild obesity does not affect perinatal outcome in gestational carrier cycles. Hum Reprod 2024:deae079. [PMID: 38636947 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does BMI of gestational carriers (GCs) affect perinatal outcomes after embryo transfer? SUMMARY ANSWER Overweight and class I obesity in GCs does not affect the rate of good perinatal outcomes. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The use of GCs is increasing, but uniform guidance regarding optimal BMI for GCs is lacking. Women with obesity who conceive without fertility treatment or through autologous or donor in vitro fertilization are at higher risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, but data on obesity in GCs are very limited. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1121 GC cycles from January 2015 to December 2020 at US Fertility, the largest national partnership of fertility practices in the USA. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, AND METHODS All GC cycles performed at a large network of fertility practices were reviewed. Same-sex partners undergoing co-IVF were excluded. The primary outcome was good perinatal outcome from the first embryo transfer, defined as a singleton live birth at ≥37 weeks of gestation with birth weight between 2500 and 4000 g. Secondary outcome measures included frequencies of live birth, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, full-term birth, low birth weight, large for gestational age, and cesarean delivery. A generalized linear model (log-binomial) was used for each to compare outcomes across BMI groups using normal BMI (20-24.9 kg/m2) as the reference group. Risk ratios and 95% CIs were estimated for each category group relative to normal BMI. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We identified 1121 cycles in which GCs underwent first embryo transfer, of which 263 (23.5%) were in GCs with BMI >30. Demographics and reproductive history for GCs did not differ by BMI groups. The age of intended parents, use of frozen eggs, and fresh embryo transfers were higher with increasing BMI group. There were no statistically significant associations between BMI and good perinatal outcomes, live birth, clinical pregnancy, biochemical, spontaneous abortion, or low birth weight. However, among live births, higher BMI was significantly associated with birth by cesarean (P = 0.015) and large for gestational age infants (P = 0.023). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This was a retrospective study, and there may be unmeasured confounders. The number of patients with BMI <20 or ≥35 was small, limiting the power for these groups. We were not able to assess all maternal and fetal outcomes. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS In this study, we did not identify any significant impact of BMI on the chances of having a good perinatal outcome. Prior research studies have been inconsistent and this is the largest study to date. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No external funding was received for this work. The authors do not have any conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Clain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - L K Kaizer
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M D Sammel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Wang
- Shady Grove Fertility, NY, USA
| | - M Homer
- Reproductive Science Center, CA, USA
| | - M Uhler
- Fertility Centers of Illinois, IL, USA
| | - L R Hoyos
- IVF Florida Reproductive Associates, FL, USA
| | - K Devine
- Shady Grove Fertility, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Shady Grove Fertility, Denver, CO, USA
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Sass MR, Christensen AMB, Christensen ML, Gruber E, Nerdrum H, Pedersen LM, Resch M, Jørgensen TH, Ekstrøm CT, Nielsen J, Vilsbøll T, Fink-Jensen A. Liraglutide 3.0 mg once daily for the treatment of overweight and obesity in patients hospitalised at a forensic psychiatric department: A 26-week open-label feasibility study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2024. [PMID: 38631670 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight and obesity constitute a major concern among patients treated at forensic psychiatric departments. The present clinical feasibility study aimed at investigating the extent to which glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment with once-daily liraglutide 3.0 mg could be a feasible pharmacological treatment of these conditions in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders hospitalised in forensic psychiatry. METHODS The 26-week, open-label feasibility study included participants aged 18-65 years diagnosed with a severe mental illness and hospitalised at a forensic psychiatric department. At the time of inclusion, all participants fulfilled the indication for using liraglutide as a treatment for overweight and obesity. Participants' baseline examinations were followed by a 26-week treatment period with liraglutide injection once daily according to a fixed uptitration schedule of liraglutide, with a target dose of 3.0 mg. Each participant attended seven visits to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events. The primary endpoint was the number of "completers", with adherence defined as >80% injections obtained in the period, weeks 12-26. Determining whether liraglutide is a feasible treatment was pre-defined to a minimum of 75% completers. RESULTS Twenty-four participants were included in the study. Sex, male = 19 (79.2%). Mean age: 42.3 [25th and 75th percentiles: 39.1; 48.4] years; body mass index (BMI): 35.7 [31.7; 37.5] kg/m2; glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c): 37 [35; 39] mmol/mol. Eleven out of 24 participants (46%) completed the study. For the completers, the median net body weight loss after 26 weeks of participation was -11.4 kg [-15.4; -5.9]. The net difference in HbA1C and BMI was -2.0 mmol/mol [-4; -1] and -3.6 kg/m2 [-4.7; -1.8], respectively. The weight change and reduction in HbA1c and BMI were all statistically significant from baseline. CONCLUSION The study did not confirm our hypothesis that liraglutide is a feasible treatment for a minimum of 75% of the patients initiating treatment with liraglutide while hospitalised in a forensic psychiatric department. The high dropout rate may be due to the non-naturalistic setting of the clinical trial. For the proportion of patients compliant with the medication, liraglutide 3.0 mg was an efficient treatment for overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Reeberg Sass
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capitol Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Margit Lykke Christensen
- Psychiatric Centre Sct. Hans, Forensic Mental Health Services in the Capitol Region of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ema Gruber
- Psychiatric Centre Sct. Hans, Forensic Mental Health Services in the Capitol Region of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Helle Nerdrum
- Psychiatric Centre Sct. Hans, Forensic Mental Health Services in the Capitol Region of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lone Marianne Pedersen
- Psychiatric Centre Sct. Hans, Forensic Mental Health Services in the Capitol Region of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Resch
- Psychiatric Centre Glostrup, Mental Health Services in the Capitol Region of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Claus T Ekstrøm
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jimmi Nielsen
- Psychiatric Centre Glostrup, Mental Health Services in the Capitol Region of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anders Fink-Jensen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capitol Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Chai L. Exploring the Impact of Length of Residence and Food Insecurity on Weight Status Among Canadian Immigrants. Am J Health Promot 2024:8901171241246842. [PMID: 38621955 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241246842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE While the individual impacts of long-term residence and food insecurity on overweight/obesity are well-documented, their combined effect on immigrants' weight status is less understood. This study examines the interaction between length of residence and food insecurity in predicting overweight/obesity among immigrants and investigates whether this relationship is gender-specific. DESIGN A national cross-sectional survey. SETTING The 2017-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey. SUBJECTS Immigrants aged 18 and older (N = 13 680). MEASURES All focal variables were self-reported. ANALYSIS Logistic regression models were employed. RESULTS Long-term immigrants were more likely to report overweight/obesity than their short-term counterparts (OR = 1.39; P < .001). Moreover, immigrants from food-insecure households were at a higher risk of reporting overweight/obesity (OR = 1.27; P < .05) compared to those from food-secure households. The analysis further revealed that food insecurity exacerbated the detrimental association between length of residence and overweight/obesity in men (OR = 2.63; P < .01) but not in women (OR = .66; P > .05). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that long-term immigrant men may be especially susceptible to the compounded chronic stressors of extended residence and food insecurity. Health professionals and policymakers should advocate for psychosocial resources to help mitigate these adverse effects and support the well-being of immigrant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chai
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, USA
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17
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Camier A, Cissé AH, Heude B, Nicklaus S, Chabanet C, Bernard JY, Lioret S, Charles MA, de Lauzon-Guillain B. Infant feeding practices and body mass index up to 7.5 years in the French nationwide ELFE study. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13121. [PMID: 38622765 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The infant diet represents one of the main modifiable determinants of early growth. This study aimed to investigate the associations of infant feeding practices with body mass index (BMI) until 7.5 years. SUBJECTS/METHODS Analyses were based on data from the French nationwide ELFE birth cohort. Data on breastfeeding (BF) and complementary feeding (CF) were collected monthly from 2 to 10 months. Infant feeding practices were characterized using principal component analyses (PCA) and hierarchical ascendant classification. BMI z-score was computed at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7.5 years, from data collected in the child's health booklet; 7.5-year overweight was defined according to IOTF references. Associations between infant feeding practices and BMI were investigated by linear regression models adjusted for main confounders. RESULTS Ever breastfeeding was not associated with BMI up to 7.5 years. Compared to intermediate breastfeeding duration (1 to <3 months), longer breastfeeding duration (≥6 months) was related to lower 1-year BMI, but not at older ages. Compared to the recommended age at CF introduction (4-6 months), early CF (<4 months) was related to higher BMI up to 5 years with a similar trend at 7.5 years, but not to the risk of overweight. The PCA patterns characterized by early baby cereal introduction and late food pieces introduction or by frequent intake of main food groups were related to a lower BMI up to 7.5 years. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding was related with a lower BMI in infancy but not thereafter, whereas an early CF initiation (<4 months) was associated with a higher BMI in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Camier
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Aminata Hallimat Cissé
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Sophie Nicklaus
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Claire Chabanet
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Marie Aline Charles
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
- Unité mixte Inserm-Ined-EFS ELFE, Ined, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
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Seage CH. A systematic review of the effectiveness of attentional bias modification to support weight management in individuals who are overweight or obese. Obes Rev 2024:e13745. [PMID: 38616171 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Attentional bias modification (ABM) is a novel cognitive-based treatment that may help individuals reduce overeating by decreasing food processing bias and food cravings. However, most empirical studies have evaluated the short-term effects of ABM in populations that have body mass indexes that are within healthy ranges; therefore, the extent to which this training method can influence eating behavior in individuals who are overweight or obese remains unclear. This systematic review explored the efficacy of ABM as a tool to support weight management for individuals who are overweight or obese. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. The findings reveal that although training is effective at manipulating attentional bias to food cues, there is limited evidence that training significantly impacted appetite and eating behaviors or led to maintained weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Heidi Seage
- Applied Psychology, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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19
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Teixeira FA, Pedrinelli V, Porsani MYH, Bonder BSA, Fasolai AB, Brunetto MA. Retrospective investigation of the energy requirements for weight loss and weight maintenance after weight loss programme in obese dogs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38613489 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a highly prevalent disease in dogs and is characterized by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that results in metabolic changes. Its treatment is based on a negative energy balance focusing on energy restriction. However, there are few studies in dogs that assessed the energy intake needed for adequate weight loss and to weight maintenance afterward. The aim of this study was to evaluate data about the treatment of canine obesity, with emphasis on energy restriction to induce weight loss and to maintain body weight (BW) and ideal body condition after weight loss. This was a retrospective study in which records of obese dogs from a veterinary teaching hospital were assessed between 2014 and 2020. Sixteen dogs were considered in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and 10 of these participated in the maintenance phase after weight loss. The animals lost a mean of 23.2% their initial weight in a mean of 422 days. The mean weekly weight loss rate was 0.58% of BW, and the mean daily energy intake for weight loss was 59 kcal/kg current BW0.75. When the target BW was considered, which was defined as the current weight minus 10% for every point in the body condition score scale above 5, the mean energy for weight loss was 71 kcal/kg target BW0.75. In the maintenance phase, the animals were assessed for a mean of 134 days. The mean energy intake to maintenance BW was 70 kcal/kg BW0.75. The lower energy requirement of obese dogs during and after weight loss can work as an alert for the formulations of therapeutic weight loss diets to contain a high nutrient density focusing on the wellbeing, health, and quality of life of obese dogs, not just for the weight loss phase, but a diet for the weight maintenance phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Alves Teixeira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Brana Sanctos Alo Bonder
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Fasolai
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Hosseininasab D, Shiraseb F, Bahrampour N, da Silva A, Hajinasab MM, Bressan J, Mirzaei K. Ultra-processed food consumption and quality of life: a cross-sectional study in Iranian women. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1351510. [PMID: 38665244 PMCID: PMC11043594 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1351510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have been associated with a higher intake of added sugars, sodium, and unhealthy fats; however, the relationship between UPFs and quality of life (QoL) is not well understood. Methods The present cross-sectional study included 193 Iranian women aged 18-48 years with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2. UPFs were identified using the NOVA classification. QoL was evaluated using the SF-36 questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed using an appropriate method. Results The mean BMI and fat-free mass (FFM) of the subjects were 30.90 kg/m2 and 46.69 kg, respectively. At first, a significant difference was observed in the height of women across tertiles of UPF consumption. The mean score of the total QoL scale was 66.90. Women who were in the tertile 3 of UPFs intake had 23.59 units lower the scale of limitation in physical capabilities and activity (score of role-physical) (β = -23.59, 95% CI: -37.77-9.40, p = 0.001). Among those with the highest adherence to UPF intake, there was an 8.76 unit reduction in addressing feelings of energy and fatigue (vitality domain) in model 2 (β = -8.76, 95% CI: -16.42-1.11, p = 0.02). Finally, a reduction of 15.78 units was observed in the mental health scale, specifically in the mental states of anxiety and depression, among participants in the third tertile of UPF intake (β = -15.78, 95% CI: -24.11-7.45, p < 0.001). Conclusion Increased UPF consumption was associated with lower QoL in Iranian women. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and develop effective strategies to promote healthy food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Hosseininasab
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niki Bahrampour
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alessandra da Silva
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Hajinasab
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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21
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Abdullah SR, Wan Mohd Zin RM, Azizul NH, Sulaiman NS, Khalid NM, Mohd Salim Mullahi Jahn RJ, Khalil MKN, Abu Seman N, Zainal Abidin NA, Ali A, Tan YZ, Omar A, Seman Z, Yahya A, Md Noh MF. The Effect of a Combined Intermittent Fasting Healthy Plate Intervention on Anthropometric Outcomes and Body Composition Among Adults With Overweight and Obesity: Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e51542. [PMID: 38598283 PMCID: PMC11043932 DOI: 10.2196/51542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult obesity and overweight pose a substantial risk to global public health and are associated with various noncommunicable diseases. Although intermittent fasting (IF) is increasingly used as a relatively new dietary strategy for weight loss, the effectiveness of 2 days per week of dry fasting remains unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined dry IF and healthy plate (IFHP) and healthy plate (HP) intervention in improving anthropometric outcomes and body composition. METHODS This nonrandomized controlled trial involved 177 adults who were overweight and obese. Among them, 91 (51.4%) were allocated to the IFHP group and 86 (48.6%) were allocated to the HP group. The overall study duration was 6 months (October 2020 to March 2021). The intervention was divided into 2 phases: supervised (3 months) and unsupervised (3 months). The data were collected at baseline, after the supervised phase (month 3), and after the unsupervised phase (month 6). Anthropometric (weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference) and body composition (body fat percentage, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, and visceral fat area) data were measured at all 3 data collection points. Sociodemographic data were obtained using a questionnaire at baseline. RESULTS Most participants were female (147/177, 83.1%) and Malay (141/177, 79.7%). After 3 months, there were significant reductions in weight (difference -1.68; P<.001), BMI (difference -0.62; P<.001), body fat percentage (difference -0.921; P<.001), body fat mass (difference -1.28; P<.001), and visceral fat area (difference -4.227; P=.008) in the IFHP group, whereas no significant changes were observed in the HP group. Compared to baseline, participants in the IFHP group showed a significant decrease in weight (difference -1.428; P=.003), BMI (difference -0.522; P=.005), body fat percentage (difference -1.591; P<.001), body fat mass (difference -1.501; P<.001), visceral fat area (difference -7.130; P<.001), waist circumference (difference -2.304; P=.001), and hip circumference (difference -1.908; P=.002) at month 6. During the unsupervised phase, waist (IFHP difference -3.206; P<.001, HP difference -2.675; P=.004) and hip (IFHP difference -2.443; P<.001; HP difference -2.896; P<.001) circumferences were significantly reduced in both groups (P<.01), whereas skeletal muscle mass (difference 0.208; P=.04) and visceral fat area (difference -2.903; P=.003) were significantly improved in the IFHP group only. No significant difference in the between-group comparison was detected throughout the intervention (all P>.05). CONCLUSIONS A combined IFHP intervention was effective in improving anthropometric outcomes and body composition in adults with overweight and obesity. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/33801.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazana Rifham Abdullah
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Ruziana Mona Wan Mohd Zin
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hayati Azizul
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nur Suffia Sulaiman
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Mustafa Khalid
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Roshan Jahn Mohd Salim Mullahi Jahn
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Khairul Nazrin Khalil
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Norhashimah Abu Seman
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azlin Zainal Abidin
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Azizan Ali
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - You Zhuan Tan
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Azahadi Omar
- Sector for Biostatistic and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Zamtira Seman
- Sector for Biostatistic and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Abqariyah Yahya
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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22
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Vinitchagoon T, Hennessy E, Zhang FF, Fauth RC, Must A, Tovar A, Choumenkovitch S, Economos C. A Dietary Pattern with More Fruits and Vegetables in Children of Mothers who Immigrated to the U.S. from Latin America is Associated with Healthful Nutrient Intake and Weight Status. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024:S2212-2672(24)00162-X. [PMID: 38609016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children from families who immigrated to the U.S. may consume a lower-quality diet compared to their U.S.-born peers. However, specific features of their dietary patterns, which could be a focus for improving diet quality, are not well-studied. OBJECTIVE To examine dietary patterns that distinguish interpersonal variability in dietary intake and explore the association of dietary patterns with nutrient intake and weight status. DESIGN This study was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Live Well randomized controlled trial collected between 2009 - 2010. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING 313 children (3 - 12 years) whose mothers immigrated to the U.S. from Latin America and resided in Somerville, MA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES dietary patterns (derived using principal component analysis); nutrient intake (derived from dietary data collected using the Block Food Screener); and weight status (categorized using BMI z-score based on measured height and weight) STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Nutrient intake levels were compared across quartiles for dietary patterns using ANCOVA. Multivariable logistic or linear regression models were used to determine the associations between dietary pattern scores and odds of overweight or obesity or BMI z-scores. RESULTS Two dietary patterns emerged: "fruits and vegetables" (FV) and "meat and sweets" (MS). Highest adherence to the FV pattern was associated with more healthful nutrient intake and lower odds of having overweight or obesity (OR = 0.37, 95%CI = 0.16, 0.98) but not BMI z-score (β = -0.07, 95%CI = -0.51, 0.36) compared with the lowest adherence. Adherence to the MS pattern was associated with less healthful nutrient intake but not with the odds of experiencing overweight or obesity (OR = 0.48, 95%CI = 0.16, 1.46). CONCLUSIONS A healthful dietary pattern in children of families who immigrated to the U.S. from Latin America may include a variety of fruits and vegetables. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to further assess the role of dietary intake patterns on health of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanit Vinitchagoon
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA, 02111. TV, PhD candidate; EH, assistant professor; FZ, associate professor; SC, instructor; CE, professor; Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand. TV, assistant instructor.
| | - Erin Hennessy
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA, 02111. TV, PhD candidate; EH, assistant professor; FZ, associate professor; SC, instructor; CE, professor; ChildObesity180, Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA, 02111. EH; associate director; CE, director.
| | - Fang Fang Zhang
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA, 02111. TV, PhD candidate; EH, assistant professor; FZ, associate professor; SC, instructor; CE, professor.
| | - Rebecca C Fauth
- Tufts Interdisciplinary Evaluation Research (TIER), Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, 574 Boston Ave., Medford, MA. 02155. RF; research associate professor.
| | - Aviva Must
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA, 02111. AM, professor.
| | - Alison Tovar
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main St., Providence, RI, 02903. AT, associate professor.
| | - Silvina Choumenkovitch
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA, 02111. TV, PhD candidate; EH, assistant professor; FZ, associate professor; SC, instructor; CE, professor.
| | - Christina Economos
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA, 02111. TV, PhD candidate; EH, assistant professor; FZ, associate professor; SC, instructor; CE, professor; ChildObesity180, Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA, 02111. EH; associate director; CE, director.
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23
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Kościuszko M, Buczyńska A, Łuka K, Duraj E, Żuk-Czerniawska K, Adamska A, Siewko K, Wiatr A, Krętowski AJ, Popławska-Kita A. Assessing the impact of body composition, metabolic and oxidative stress parameters on insulin resistance as a prognostic marker for reactive hypoglycemia: a cross-sectional study in overweight, obese, and normal weight individuals. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1329802. [PMID: 38655176 PMCID: PMC11035812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1329802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR), particularly in its association with obesity. This study evaluate both the diagnostic and clinical significance of assessing oxidative status in patients affected by overweight and obesity displaying IR, especially with reactive hypoglycemic episodes (RH). A comprehensive examination of OS biomarkers was carried out, encompassing measurements of total oxidative capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Our analysis results reveal noteworthy connections between OS levels and the severity of IR in overweight and obese patients. Moreover, in the study, we demonstrated the diagnostic utility of serum concentrations of TAC and TOC as indicators of the risk of RH, the occurrence of which, even at the stage of overweight, may be associated with increased OS and further development of obesity. Our findings imply that the evaluation of oxidative status could serve as a crucial diagnostic and prognostic tool for patients observed with IR and overweight and obesity. In conclusion, our study underscores the potential utility of assessing oxidative status in the context of IR and highlights the possibility of identifying novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of overweight and obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kościuszko
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Angelika Buczyńska
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Łuka
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Duraj
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Żuk-Czerniawska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Siewko
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wiatr
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Popławska-Kita
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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24
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Rodrigues KL, Scaranni PDODS, Pereira ENGDS, da Silva VVD, Silvares RR, de Araujo BP, Castilho C, Schmidt MI, da Fonseca MDJM, Griep RH, Daliry A. Hair cortisol levels are associated with overweight and obesity in the ELSA-Brasil cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1361715. [PMID: 38654925 PMCID: PMC11035765 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1361715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hair cortisol level has recently been identified as a promising marker for detecting long-term cortisol levels and a marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) axis activity. However, research on the association between obesity and an altered cortisol metabolism remains controversial. Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hair cortisol levels and overweight and obesity in participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 2,499 participants from the second follow-up (visit 3, 2017-2019) attending research centers in Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul states. Hair samples were collected, and cortisol levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Cortisol levels were classified as low (< 40 pg/mg), medium (40-128 pg/mg), or high (> 128 pg/mg). The participants were classified as eutrophic, overweight, or obese according to their weight (kg) and height (m2). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. Results Of the 2499 individuals, 30% had eutrophic weight, 40% were overweight, and 30% were obese. Notably, cortisol levels gradually increased with increasing body weight. Among participants with high hair cortisol levels, 41.2% were classified as overweight and 34.2% as obese. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that participants with high cortisol levels were 43% (OR =1.43; 95%CI: 1.02-2.03) more likely to be overweight and 72% (OR =1.72; 95%CI:1.20-2.47) more likely to be obese than participants with low hair cortisol levels. After adjustment for all covariates, high cortisol levels remained associated with obesity (OR = 1.54; 95%CI:1.02-2.31) and overweight (OR =1.33; 95%CI:0.91-1.94). Conclusion In the ELSA-Brazil cohort, hair stress were positively associated with overweight and obesity. These results underscore the importance of considering stress and cortisol as potential factors in obesity prevention and intervention efforts, and highlight a novel aspect of the complex relationship between stress and obesity in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Lino Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Raquel Rangel Silvares
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Peres de Araujo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristina Castilho
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Rosane Harter Griep
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Education, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anissa Daliry
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Banany M, Gebel K, Sibbritt D. An examination of the predictors of change in BMI among 38 026 school students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Int Health 2024:ihae029. [PMID: 38578607 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood obesity has substantially increased in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, including Saudi Arabia. The Rashaka initiative is a Saudi national school-based multicomponent intervention that was introduced in the school year 2016-2017 to address childhood overweight and obesity. This study aims to examine the effect of the Rashaka initiative on students' body mass index (BMI) for two academic years (2016-2017 and 2018-2019) and to analyse predictors of BMI change. METHODS Secondary data for this pre-post study was provided by the Ministry of Health for 38 026 students from 89 intermediate and secondary schools that implemented the initiative in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. It was analysed using non-parametric tests and multiple regressions at a 5% level of significance. RESULTS Over 2 y of implementation, BMI was reduced significantly across the schools (p < 0.001). Based on the regression modelling, school gender and education stage were found to be the only significant predictors of BMI change. Girls and intermediate schools had greater BMI reductions than boys and secondary schools (p < 0.001 and p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS This study provides tentative evidence for the effectiveness of the Rashaka intervention in Makkah City. In addition, our study has identified that the Rashaka initiative may require modification to improve its effect on boys and students in secondary schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Banany
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Klaus Gebel
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, the University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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26
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Samarasinghe SNS, Ostarijas E, Long MJ, Erridge S, Purkayastha S, Dimitriadis GK, Miras AD. Impact of insulin sensitization on metabolic and fertility outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and overweight or obesity-A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Obes Rev 2024:e13744. [PMID: 38572616 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women. This systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression aims to compare the effect of insulin sensitizer pharmacotherapy on metabolic and reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS and overweight or obesity. We searched online databases MEDLINE via OVID, EMBASE, Clinicaltrials.gov, and EudraCT for trials published from inception to November 13, 2023. Inclusion criteria were double-blind, randomized controlled trials in women diagnosed with PCOS, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, which reported metabolic or reproductive outcomes. The intervention was insulin sensitization pharmacotherapy versus placebo or other agents. The primary outcomes were changes from baseline BMI, fasting blood glucose, and menstrual frequency. Nineteen studies were included in this review. Metformin had the most significant effect on the fasting plasma glucose and body mass index. Insulin sensitizer pharmacotherapy significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose, body mass index, fasting serum insulin, HOMA-IR, sex hormone binding globulin, and total testosterone, but the effect size was small. There was a lack of menstrual frequency and live birth data. The results indicate a role for insulin sensitizers in improving the metabolic and, to a lesser degree, reproductive profile in these women. Further research should examine insulin sensitizers' effects on objective measures of fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduard Ostarijas
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pecs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Matthew J Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Simon Erridge
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Georgios K Dimitriadis
- Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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27
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Biernikiewicz M, Sobieszczańska M, Szuster E, Pawlikowska-Gorzelańczyk A, Janocha A, Rożek-Piechura K, Rusiecka A, Gebala J, Okrzymowska P, Kałka D. Erectile Dysfunction as an Obesity-Related Condition in Elderly Men with Coronary Artery Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2087. [PMID: 38610852 PMCID: PMC11012732 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in elderly men with overweight or obesity and coronary artery disease. Methods: Patients recruited in cardiac rehabilitation centers post-myocardial infarction provided demographic and anthropomorphic data. ED was assessed using the abbreviated International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) Questionnaire. Results: The study included 661 men with a mean age of 67.3 ± 5.57 years, a mean BMI of 27.9 ± 3.6 m/kg2, and a mean waist circumference of 98.9 ± 10.23 cm. Over 90% of men experienced ED, with similar proportions across BMI categories. The development of ED in men with a waist circumference of ≥100 cm had 3.74 times higher odds (OR 3.74; 95% CI: 1.0-13.7; p = 0.04) than in men with a waist circumference of <100 cm. Men with obesity and moderate-to-severe and severe ED were older compared to those without these disorders (67.1 ± 5.29 vs. 65.3 ± 4.35; p = 0.23). Conclusions: The prevalence of ED in men with coronary artery disease surpasses 90%. An increased body weight raises the risk of ED, with waist circumference proving to be a more reliable predictor of this risk compared to BMI. Physicians are encouraged to screen elderly patients with cardiovascular disease for ED and address obesity to enhance overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ewa Szuster
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Janocha
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Rożek-Piechura
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rusiecka
- Statistical Analysis Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jana Gebala
- Men’s Health Centre in Wroclaw, 53-151 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Okrzymowska
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kałka
- Men’s Health Centre in Wroclaw, 53-151 Wroclaw, Poland
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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28
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Clarke ED, Stanford J, Gomez-Martin M, Collins CE. Revisiting the impact of Health at Every Size® interventions on health and cardiometabolic related outcomes: An updated systematic review with meta-analysis. Nutr Diet 2024. [PMID: 38563692 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To (1) synthesise evidence from Health at Every Size® interventions on physical and psychological health in people with overweight and obesity and (2) report between-group differences within interventions evaluating the impact of Health at Every Size® interventions on health and health-related outcomes. METHODS Six databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane, PsychInfo, CINAHL, and Scopus) were searched from inception until November 2022. Included studies were conducted in adults with overweight or obesity, used Health at Every Size®-based interventions compared with control interventions and reported dietary, physical and/or psychological outcomes, including diet quality, anthropometry, or quality of life. Data on between-group differences were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using ROB2. Random-effects meta-analyses were undertaken for outcomes with at least three studies reporting the same or comparable data. RESULTS From 128 studies identified, 19 full-text articles (10 unique studies, 6 published since 2017), were included. Meta-analysis found a significant reduction for susceptibility to hunger in Health at Every Size® intervention groups relative to controls (p = 0.005), with no significant difference (p > 0.05) between Health at Every Size® interventions and control groups for anthropometric, psychological or cardiometabolic outcomes (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic or diastolic blood pressure). CONCLUSION Health at Every Size® interventions had similar results compared with weight-based interventions on anthropometric outcomes and cardiometabolic outcomes. Health at Every Size® interventions had a significant benefit for reducing susceptibility to hunger. The decision to use a Health at Every Size®-based intervention should be personalised to individual needs. Further research in more diverse populations is required using standardised outcome measures to facilitate future meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Clarke
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jordan Stanford
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Gomez-Martin
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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Gribsholt SB, Schmidt M, Kristiansen EB, Richelsen B, Sørensen HT. Risk of cardiovascular disease after hospital-diagnosed overweight or obesity. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e230452. [PMID: 38363150 PMCID: PMC10959045 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Objective The aim was to examine the association between hospital-diagnosed overweight/obesity and incident CVD according to the time period of the overweight/obesity diagnosis. Design This is a cohort study. Methods From Danish national health registries, we identified all residents with a first-time hospital-based overweight/obesity diagnosis code, 1977-2018 (n = 195,221), and an age and sex-matched general population comparison cohort (n = 1,952,210). We computed adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox regression. We adjusted for comorbidities and educational level and applied 10 years of follow-up. Results The overall incidence rate was 10.1 (95% CI 10.0-10.1) per 1000 person-years for the comparison cohort and 25.1 (95% CI 24.8-25.4) per 1000 person-years for the overweight/obesity cohort, corresponding to an aHR of 2.5 (95% CI 2.4-2.5). The aHR was elevated for all subtypes of CVD: heart failure: 3.9 (95% CI 3.7-4.1), bradyarrhythmia: 2.9 (95% CI 2.7-3.1), angina pectoris: 2.7 (95% CI 2.7-2.8), atrial fibrillation or flutter: 2.6 (95% CI 2.5-2.6), acute myocardial infarction: 2.4 (95% CI 2.3-2.4), revascularization procedure: 2.4 (95% CI 2.2-2.5), valvular heart disease: 1.7 (95% CI 1.6-1.8), ischemic stroke: 1.6 (95% CI 1.4-1.7), transient ischemic attack: 1.6 (95% CI 1.5-1.7), and cardiovascular death: 1.6 (95% CI 1.5-1.6). The 1-10-year aHR of any CVD associated with an overweight/obesity diagnosis decreased from 2.8 (95% CI 2.7-2.9) in 1977-1987 to 1.8 (95% CI 1.8-1.9) in 2008-2018. Conclusion Patients with hospital-diagnosed overweight/obesity had high rates of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, structural heart disease, arrhythmia, stroke, and death, although the strength of the association decreased in recent years. Significance statement Obesity is linked to metabolic abnormalities that predispose individuals to an increased risk of subtypes of CVD. In this population-based nationwide 40-year cohort study, we found that of 195,221 patients with an overweight/obesity diagnosis, more than 31,000 (15.9%) were admitted to hospital within 10 years because of CVD; corresponding to a 2.5-fold greater relative risk of any CVD associated with overweight/obesity than in the general population. We observed an increased risk for most CVD subtypes, including ischemic heart disease, heart failure, structural heart disease, arrhythmia, stroke, and cardiovascular death, although the strength of the association decreased in recent years. Our study emphasizes the importance of improved clinical handling of obesity and underscores the need to prevent associated complications to alleviate the burden of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Bjerge Gribsholt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eskild Bendix Kristiansen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Weaver RG, White JW, Finnegan O, Armstrong B, Beets MW, Adams EL, Burkart S, Dugger R, Parker H, von Klinggraeff L, Bastyr M, Zhu X, Bandeira AS, Reesor-Oyer L, Pfledderer CD, Moreno JP. Understanding Accelerated Summer Body Mass Index Gain by Tracking Changes in Children's Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index Throughout the Year. Child Obes 2024; 20:155-168. [PMID: 37083520 PMCID: PMC10979692 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2023.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Drivers of summer body mass index (BMI) gain in children remain unclear. The Circadian and Circannual Rhythm Model (CCRM) posits summer BMI gain is biologically driven, while the Structured Days Hypothesis (SDH) proposes it is driven by reduced structure. Objectives: Identify the mechanisms driving children's seasonal BMI gain through the CCRM and SDH. Methods: Children's (N = 147, mean age = 8.2 years) height and weight were measured monthly during the school year, and once in summer (July-August). BMI z-score (zBMI) was calculated using CDC growth charts. Behaviors were measured once per season. Mixed methods regression estimated monthly percent change in children's height (%HΔ), weight (%WΔ), and monthly zBMI for school year vs. summer vacation, seasonally, and during school months with no breaks vs. school months with a break ≥1 week. Results: School year vs. summer vacation analyses showed accelerations in children's %WΔ (Δ = 0.9, Standard Error (SE) = 0.1 vs. Δ = 1.4, SE = 0.1) and zBMI (Δ = -0.01, SE = 0.01 vs. Δ = 0.04, SE = 0.3) during summer vacation, but %HΔ remained relatively constant during summer vacation compared with school (Δ = 0.3, SE = 0.0 vs. Δ = 0.4, SE = 0.1). Seasonal analyses showed summer had the greatest %WΔ (Δ = 1.8, SE = 0.4) and zBMI change (Δ = 0.05, SE = 0.03) while %HΔ was relatively constant across seasons. Compared with school months without a break, months with a break showed higher %WΔ (Δ = 0.7, SE = 0.1 vs. Δ = 1.6, SE = 0.2) and zBMI change (Δ = -0.03, SE = 0.01 vs. Δ = 0.04, SE = 0.01), but %HΔ was constant (Δ = 0.4, SE = 0.0 vs. Δ = 0.3, SE = 0.1). Fluctuations in sleep timing and screen time may explain these changes. Conclusions: Evidence for both the CCRM and SDH was identified but the SDH may more fully explain BMI gain. Interventions targeting consistent sleep and reduced screen time during breaks from school may be warranted no matter the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Glenn Weaver
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - James W. White
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Olivia Finnegan
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bridget Armstrong
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael W. Beets
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Adams
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah Burkart
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Roddrick Dugger
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hannah Parker
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren von Klinggraeff
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Meghan Bastyr
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xuanxuan Zhu
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alexsandra S. Bandeira
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Layton Reesor-Oyer
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher D. Pfledderer
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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van Brakel L, Mensink RP, Lütjohann D, Plat J. Plant stanol consumption increases anti-COVID-19 antibody responses, independent of changes in serum cholesterol concentrations: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:969-980. [PMID: 38278364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with overweight/obesity generally have impaired immune responses, resulting among others in increased risk of severe complaints and hospitalization after infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19), as well as decreased antibody production after vaccinations. Plant stanol ester previously increased the combined IgM/IgG antibody titers toward a hepatitis A vaccination in patients with allergic asthma, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether plant stanol ester consumption improved the immune response in subjects with overweight/obesity after a COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed. Thirty-two subjects with overweight/obesity consumed products with added plant stanols (4 g/d; provided as plant stanol ester) or control ≥2 wk before receiving their COVID-19 vaccination until 4 wk after vaccination. Antibody titers were analyzed weekly and statistically analyzed using mixed models. Serum metabolic markers and cytokine profiles were also analyzed. RESULTS IgM concentrations against the COVID-19 Spike protein were increased in the plant stanol ester group compared with the control group, with the largest difference observed 2 wk after vaccination [31.2 (0.43, 62.1) BAU/mL, or +139%; Group × Time: P = 0.031]. Subjects that produced very low IgM antibodies produced, as expected, hardly any IgG antibodies. In those with IgG seroconversion, IgG Spike concentrations were also increased in the plant stanol ester group compared with the control group [71.3 (2.51, 140.1) BAU/mL; Group P = 0.043]. Stimulated cytokine concentrations decreased in the plant stanol ester group compared with the control group in all 3 cytokine domains (that is, proinflammatory, T helper [Th1]/Th17, and Th2/regulatory T cells). Between-group differences in serum LDL cholesterol or other metabolic markers were not observed. CONCLUSIONS Consuming plant stanols (4 g/d) affects immune responses to COVID-19 vaccinations, translating into increased serum anti-COVID-19 IgM concentrations in subjects with overweight/obesity. Only in IgG seroconverted subjects, serum anti-COVID-19 IgG concentrations also increase. These effects are independent of reductions in LDL cholesterol. These results suggest that this high-risk group for COVID-19 complications could benefit from plant stanol consumption. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04844346.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve van Brakel
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Guy A, Azab AN, Liberty IF, Afawi Z, Alhoashla A, Abu Tailakh M. Adherence to liraglutide among individuals with overweight and obesity: Patient characteristics and clinical measures. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1346-1354. [PMID: 38240127 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM To identify the sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory determinants relating to patient adherence to liraglutide treatment among individuals with overweight or obesity. METHODS We retrospectively analysed patients with overweight or obesity who were treated with liraglutide between 2019 and 2022. Over a 6-month follow-up period, measurements of body mass index, sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory data, and prescription records for liraglutide were collected. Treatment adherence was assessed using the proportion of days covered (PDC) measure, with a PDC ≥80% indicating high adherence. RESULTS The study population included 1890 participants (78.1% female, mean age 46 ± 12 years). At the end of the follow-up period, 84.9% of the participants exhibited low adherence to liraglutide treatment. Adherence to treatment improved with age (p = 0.04, odds ratio [OR] 1.013, confidence interval [CI] 1.001-1.025). Significant weight loss during treatment increased the likelihood of high adherence (p < 0.001, OR 1.251, CI 1.167-1.341). Individuals with a higher socioeconomic status displayed greater adherence (p = 0.023, OR 1.906, CI 1.091-3.328). Greater adherence was also seen in non-smokers (p = 0.047, OR 0.725, CI 0.528-0.996). CONCLUSIONS Only 15.1% of study participants exhibited high adherence to treatment (PDC ≥80%) after 6 months of follow-up. Further research is needed to explore approaches to enhance adherence to liraglutide, including strategies to educate and support patients in their efforts to achieve and maintain weight loss with the use of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Guy
- Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Abed N Azab
- Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Idit F Liberty
- Diabetes Clinic, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Zaid Afawi
- Clalit Health Service, Southern District and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ali Alhoashla
- Clalit Health Service, Southern District and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Muhammad Abu Tailakh
- Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Dobbie LJ, Burgess J, Hamid A, Nevitt SJ, Hydes TJ, Alam U, Cuthbertson DJ. Effect of a Low-Calorie Dietary Intervention on Liver Health and Body Weight in Adults with Metabolic-Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Overweight/Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:1030. [PMID: 38613063 PMCID: PMC11013586 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic-dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease. This review assessed the efficacy of a Low-Calorie Diet (LCD) on liver health and body weight in people living with MASLD and obesity. METHODS The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021296501), and a literature search was conducted using multiple databases. The key inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials or cohort studies, obesity/overweight and MASLD. Two authors screened abstracts, reviewed full texts and performed data extraction and quality assessment. The primary outcome was the change in the serum ALT, and secondary outcomes included the changes in the serum AST, intrahepatic lipid content (IHL), quantified non-invasively via MRI/MRS, and body weight. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included. The LCD reduced body weight by 9.1 kg versus the control (95%CI: -12.4, -5.8) but not serum ALT (-5.9 IU/L, -13.9, 2.0). Total Dietary Replacement (TDR) reduced IHL by -9.1% vs. the control (-15.6%, -2.6%). The Mediterranean-LCD for ≥12 months reduced ALT (-4.1 IU/L, -7.6, -0.5) and for 24 months reduced liver stiffness versus other LCDs. The Green-Mediterranean-LCD reduced IHL, independent of body weight. Limited studies assessed those of Black or Asian ethnicity, and there was heterogeneity in the methods assessing the liver fat content and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In people with MASLD and obesity, an LCD intervention reduces IHL and body weight. Trials should focus on the recruitment of Black and Asian ethnicity participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J. Dobbie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK; (L.J.D.)
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Guys Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jamie Burgess
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK; (L.J.D.)
- University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
| | - Azlinda Hamid
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK; (L.J.D.)
| | - Sarah J. Nevitt
- Department of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK;
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Theresa J. Hydes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK; (L.J.D.)
- University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
| | - Uazman Alam
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK; (L.J.D.)
- University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
| | - Daniel J. Cuthbertson
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK; (L.J.D.)
- University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
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Hwang KR, Lee M, Jang SJ. Social jetlag and body mass index among shift-working nurses in Korea: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Knowl 2024; 35:195-202. [PMID: 36625567 DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Shift-working nurses must function against their natural circadian system and are, thus, bound to be detrimentally affected by social jetlag. Circadian rhythms play a crucial role in regulating homeostasis, and social jetlag may increase one's risk for obesity. Therefore, this study aimed to identify associations between social jetlag and obesity among shift-working nurses. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 183 nurses working rotating shifts in South Korea. Chronotype and social jetlag were measured using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire for Shift-Workers, respectively. Obesity was defined as a body mass index of 25.0 or higher, which was calculated using self-reported height and weight data. The associations between chronotype, social jetlag, and obesity were investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. FINDINGS A total of 183 nurses were included in the analysis (81.4% women and 80.3% single, median age = 27.00 years). Majority of the participants' (95.1%) chronotypes were moderate evening or intermediate type. The mean overall social jetlag was 3 h and 31 min. The odds for obesity were 8.44 times higher among shift-working nurses whose social jetlag was over 3 h and 31 min (95% confidence interval: 1.66-42.99) while controlling for chronotype, exercise time, and eating habits. CONCLUSIONS Social jetlag may increase the likelihood of obesity among rotating shift-working nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE To achieve positive outcomes for promoting nurses' health, upper nursing management should consider individual nurses' social jetlag when scheduling shifts. In addition, nursing managers should have the responsibility to educate nurses involved in shift work about the adverse effects of social jetlag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Rim Hwang
- College of Nursing, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Lee
- Nursing Department, College of Health and Welfare, Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Joo Jang
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Ahmmed F, Hossain MJ, Khan MTF, Manik MMR, Shahriar S, Nandi DC, Hussain MP. Mediating effect of BMI on the association of economic status and coexistence of hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh: A counterfactual framework-based weighting approach. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2063. [PMID: 38660004 PMCID: PMC11039488 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are matters of huge concern worldwide, with an increasing trend in prevalence over the previous decade. First of all, this study aimed to evaluate the association between economic status (ES) and body mass index (BMI), ES and comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes, and BMI and comorbidity independently. Second, it explored the mediating role of BMI in the association between ES and comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes. Finally, it investigated whether the mediating effect differs with the place of residence, gender, and education levels. Methods A total of 11,291 complete cases from the Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2017-18 were utilized for this study. Survey-based binary logistic regression or multiple logistic regression was used to find the association among outcome, exposure, and mediator variables, and a counterfactual framework-based weighting approach was utilized for mediation analysis. Results Middle-income (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.696, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.219, 2.360) and rich (AOR: 2.770, CI: 2.054, 3.736) respondents were more likely to have comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes compared to the poor. The odds of comorbidity increased with the increase in BMI. A positive association was observed between ES and BMI. A significant mediating role of BMI in the association between ES and comorbidity was found. We observed that 19.85% (95% CI: 11.50%, 49.6%) and 20.35% (95% CI: 14.9%, 29.3%) of total effect was mediated by BMI for middle and rich respondents, respectively, compared to the poor. Conclusions The mediating role of BMI was greater for female, no or primary educated respondents, and respondents from rural areas. Therefore, the study will facilitate policymakers of Bangladesh and other countries with a similar set-up to decide on health policies regarding hypertension and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foyez Ahmmed
- Department of StatisticsComilla UniversityCumillaBangladesh
- Department of Biostatistics & Data ScienceUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesState University of BangladeshDhakaBangladesh
| | | | | | - Saimon Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesState University of BangladeshDhakaBangladesh
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Ferretti RDL, Maia-Lemos PDS, Guedes KJT, Caran EMM. Neck Circumference for Identification of Excess Adiposity in Adolescents with Cancer: A Better Parameter for Use in Clinical Practice? J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024; 13:316-322. [PMID: 37878304 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2022.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Excess weight in adolescents with cancer during treatment does affect cancer outcomes. Neck circumference (NC), an easygoing anthropometric measure, may present greater metabolic risk, and is associated with excess adiposity. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of elevated NC in adolescents with cancer and associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study with adolescents aged 10-19 years, under antineoplastic treatment, evaluated from 2015 to 2017, at a Pediatric Oncology Institute's outpatient clinic. Anthropometric parameters were collected, besides diagnosis, sex, and age. The classification of elevated NC was carried out considering cutoff values for adolescents, according to sex and age group. A binary logistic regression was used to determine relationships between NC and associated factors. Results: Among 496 eligible cases, most were male (n = 299, 60.3%). A total of 31.9% of cases had high NC. There is significant and moderate correlation between skinfold thickness (TS) and NC (ρ = 0.6; p = 0.000), and a significant but weak correlation between TS and body mass index (ρ = 0.267; p = 0.000). The adjusted analysis for sex, age group, and type of tumor showed that females are more likely to belong to the high NC category, to have excess adiposity. The age group between 10 and 12 years was the most associated with this outcome (2.795 [0.979-7.977]; p < 0.05). TS is also associated with high NC (1.114 [1.050-1.182]; p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that there is high prevalence of elevated NC and higher risks for this outcome considering type of tumor, sex, age group, besides being an easy and simple measure for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta de Lucena Ferretti
- Department of Pediatrics, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer (GRAACC), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Taubate, Taubate, Brazil
| | - Priscila Dos Santos Maia-Lemos
- Department of Pediatrics, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer (GRAACC), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Jaloretto Teixeira Guedes
- Department of Pediatrics, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer (GRAACC), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Maria Monteiro Caran
- Department of Pediatrics, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer (GRAACC), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Sakornyutthadej N, Mahachoklertwattana P, Wankanit S, Poomthavorn P. Peak serum luteinising hormone cut-off during gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue test for diagnosing central precocious puberty was lower in girls with obesity as compared with girls with normal weight. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 100:368-378. [PMID: 38300440 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum luteinising hormone (LH) concentration has been reported to be lower in girls with overweight and obesity (OW/OB) as compared with girls with normal weight (NW). This study aimed to evaluate peak serum LH concentration during gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) test in girls with OW/OB and NW who had central precocious puberty (CPP) and to determine peak serum LH cut-off for diagnosing CPP in girls with OW/OB. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Medical records of 971 girls with premature breast development who underwent subcutaneous GnRHa (100 µg of triptorelin acetate) test were reviewed. All girls were classified as either CPP or premature thelarche. All of them were further classified into two groups according to their body mass index as NW and OW/OB groups for each Tanner stage. RESULTS There were 634 and 337 girls in NW and OW/OB groups, respectively. CPP was diagnosed in 600 girls (249 had Tanner stage II and 351 had Tanner stage III). There were no differences in peak serum LH concentrations between CPP girls with NW and OW/OB. Peak serum LH cut-off of 5 IU/L (the current widely used cut-off) had a sensitivity and a specificity of 75% and 90%, respectively in NW group. Peak serum LH cut-off for CPP diagnosis was lower at 4 IU/L in the OW/OB group with greater sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 93%, respectively. The results were reproducible for each Tanner stage of breasts. CONCLUSION Lower peak serum LH cut-off to 4 IU/L for diagnosing CPP in girls with OW/OB should be considered to avoid underdiagnosis of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natee Sakornyutthadej
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pat Mahachoklertwattana
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somboon Wankanit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preamrudee Poomthavorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sanluis Fenelli G, Rodríguez Tablado M, Ferrero F, Ossorio MF, Ferraro M, Torres F. Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the body mass index of children seen in the City of Buenos Aires. ARCH ARGENT PEDIATR 2024; 122:e202310064. [PMID: 37801693 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2023-10064.eng] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Childhood overweight and obesity are a public health problem. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to this condition. The body mass index (BMI) Z-score has been accepted as an indicator for overweight and obesity diagnosis and follow-up. Objective. To assess whether the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the BMI Z-score in children aged 2 to 5 years increased during the pandemic. Population and methods. Retrospective, cohort study. Patients included were those seen at public health care facilities in the City of Buenos Aires (CABA), who were aged 2 to 5 years, had weight and height values recorded at 2 different visits, before and after the establishment of the preventive and mandatory social isolation policy. Patients' nutritional status (BMI Z-score) and the variation in this indicator between both visits were recorded. Results. A total of 3866 subjects were assessed; their average age was 3.4 ± 0.8 years; 48.1% were girls. The average interval between both visits was 14.3 ± 2.5 months. The prevalence of overweight/ obesity increased from 12.6% (95% CI: 11.6-13.6) to 20.9% (95% CI: 19.6-22.2), p < 0.001, and so did the BMI Z-score (0.4 ± 1.1 versus 0.8 ± 1.3, p < 0.001). Conclusion. The prevalence of overweight and obesity and the BMI Z-score in children aged 2 to 5 years increased significantly during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando Ferrero
- Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Ossorio
- Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mabel Ferraro
- Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Torres
- Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Knowlden AP, Ottati M, McCallum M, Allegrante JP. The relationship between sleep quantity, sleep quality and weight loss in adults: A scoping review. Clin Obes 2024; 14:e12634. [PMID: 38140746 PMCID: PMC10939867 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is hypothesized to interact with weight gain and loss; however, modelling this relationship remains elusive. Poor sleep perpetuates a cascade of cardiovascular and metabolic consequences that may not only increase risk of adiposity, but also confound weight loss efforts. We conducted a scoping review to assess the research on sleep and weight loss interventions. We searched six databases for studies of behavioural weight loss interventions that included assessments of sleep in the general, non-clinical adult human population. Our synthesis focused on dimensions of Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcomes (PICO) to identify research and knowledge gaps. We identified 35 studies that fell into one of four categories: (a) sleep at baseline as a predictor of subsequent weight loss during an intervention, (b) sleep assessments after a history of successful weight loss, (c) concomitant changes in sleep associated with weight loss and (d) experimental manipulation of sleep and resulting weight loss. There was some evidence of improvements in sleep in response to weight-loss interventions; however, randomized controlled trials of weight loss interventions tended not to report improvements in sleep when compared to controls. We conclude that baseline sleep characteristics may predict weight loss in studies of dietary interventions and that sleep does not improve because of weight loss alone. Future studies should enrol large and diverse, normal, overweight and obese short sleepers in trials to assess the efficacy of sleep as a behavioural weight loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Knowlden
- Department of Health Science, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Megan Ottati
- Department of Health Studies and Applied Educational Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Meaghan McCallum
- Research Operations, Behavioral Science, Noom Inc., New York, New York, USA
| | - John P Allegrante
- Department of Health Studies and Applied Educational Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Barbagallo F, Cucinella L, Tiranini L, Chedraui P, Calogero AE, Nappi RE. Obesity and sexual health: focus on postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2024; 27:122-136. [PMID: 38251874 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2024.2302429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Menopause is a cardiometabolic transition with many women experiencing weight gain and redistribution of body fat. Hormonal changes may affect also several dimensions of well-being, including sexual function, with a high rate of female sexual dysfunction (FSD), which displays a multifactorial etiology. The most important biological factors range from chronic low-grade inflammation, associated with hypertrophic adipocytes that may translate into endothelial dysfunction and compromised blood flow through the genitourinary system, to insulin resistance and other neuroendocrine mechanisms targeting the sexual response. Psychosocial factors include poor body image, mood disorders, low self-esteem and life satisfaction, as well as partner's health and quality of relationship, and social stigma. Even unhealthy lifestyle, chronic conditions and putative weight-promoting medications may play a role. The aim of the present narrative review is to update and summarize the state of the art on the link between obesity and FSD in postmenopausal women, pointing to the paucity of high-quality studies and the need for further research with validated end points to assess both biomarkers of obesity and FSD. In addition, we provide general information on the diagnosis and treatment of FSD at menopause with a focus on dietary interventions, physical activity, anti-obesity drugs and bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Barbagallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Cucinella
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Tiranini
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Chedraui
- Escuela de Posgrados en Salud, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | - A E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R E Nappi
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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Jonsdottir KD, Hrolfsdottir L, Gunnarsson B, Jonsdottir I, Halldorsson TI, Smarason AK. [Prevalence and Trends in Prepregnancy Overweight and Obesity in Northern Iceland 2004-2022]. LAEKNABLADID 2024; 110:200-205. [PMID: 38517407 DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2024.04.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prepregnancy overweight and obesity is an increasing public health issue worldwide, including Iceland, and has been associated with higher risk of adverse maternal and birth outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in prepregnancy weight amongst women in North Iceland from 2004 to 2022, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study included all women who gave birth at Akureyri Hospital in North Iceland between 2004 and 2022 (N = 7410). Information on age, parity, height, and prepregnancy weight was obtained from an electronic labour audit database. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported height and weight, and the median BMI and proportions in each of the six BMI categories were calculated for four time periods. RESULTS Median BMI increased significantly from 24.5 kg/m2 in 2004-2008 to 26.2 kg/m2 in 2019-2022. On average, BMI increased by 0.15 kg/m2 with each passing year (p<0.001). The prevalence of normal weight decreased from 53% to 40% and the entire BMI distribution shifted towards a higher BMI. The proportion of women in obesity class I (BMI 30.0 - 34.9) increased from 12.8% to 17.3%, the proportion of women in obesity class II (BMI 35.0 - 39.9) doubled (3.7% to 8.1%) and tripled in obesity class III (BMI ≥ 40.0; 1.6% to 4.8%). CONCLUSION Prepregnancy weight of women in Northern Iceland has gradually increased over the last 19 years and 30% of pregnant women are now classified as obese. Further studies on the subsequent effects on maternal and birth outcomes are needed, with a focus on strategies to decrease adverse effects and reverse this trend.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laufey Hrolfsdottir
- Department of Education and Science, Akureyri Hospital, Iceland, Institute of Health Science Research, University of Akureyri and Akureyri Hospital, Iceland
| | - Bjorn Gunnarsson
- Institute of Health Science Research, University of Akureyri and Akureyri Hospital, Iceland, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Akureyri Hospital, Iceland
| | | | - Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland
| | - Alexander Kr Smarason
- Department of Gynecology, Akureyri Hospital, Iceland, Institute of Health Science Research, University of Akureyri and Akureyri Hospital, Iceland
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Tang W, Wang J, Dai T, Qiu H, Liu C, Chen S, Hu Z. Association of leptin receptor polymorphisms with susceptibility of non-small cell lung cancer: Evidence from 2249 subjects. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7178. [PMID: 38659416 PMCID: PMC11043686 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is increasing dramatically. It is believed that energy metabolism-related genes could play an important role in etiology of NSCLC. In this study, we sought to assess the correlation between three LEPR single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1137101, rs1137100 and rs6588147) with NSCLS susceptibility. In total, 1193 NSCLC cases and 1056 controls were included. SNPscan™ genotyping method was used to analyze the genotypes of LEPR polymorphisms. Compared to rs6588147 GG in LEPR gene, this study identified a protective role of LEPR rs6588147 GA and GA/AA for the occurrence of NSCLC (GA vs. GG [p = 0.021] and GA/AA vs. GG [p = 0.030]). As well, we found that a protective role of LEPR rs6588147 for the occurrence of non-SCC subgroup (p < 0.05). By logistic regression analysis, we found that the rs6588147 A allele related genotypes might play a protective role for the occurrence of NSCLC in drinking, BMI ≥24 kg/m2, smoking and male subgroups. We also found that the rs1137101 A allele related genotypes played a protective role for the occurrence of NSCLC in male, younger participants (under 59 years) and overweight/obesity (BMI ≥24 kg/m2) subgroups. We found that LEPR Ars1037100Ars1037101Ars6588147 haplotype might play a protective role for the occurrence of NSCLC (p = 0.013). In addition, our findings indicated that LEPR rs1137100 G>A SNP might increase the risk of lymph node metastases (p = 0.038). This study highlights that LEPR rs6588147, rs1137101 genotypes and LEPR Ars1037100Ars1037101Ars6588147 haplotype are correlated with the occurrence of NSCLC. LEPR rs1137100 G>A SNP increases the risk of lymph node metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Tang
- Departments of Esophageal Surgery and Thoracic SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210008Jiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryAffiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityYixingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Ting Dai
- Department of PharmacyAffiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityYixingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Hao Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryAffiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Shuchen Chen
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina
| | - Zhendong Hu
- Departments of Esophageal Surgery and Thoracic SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210008Jiangsu ProvinceChina
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Alberton CL, Fonseca BA, Nunes GN, Bergamin M, Pinto SS. Magnitude of vertical ground reaction force during water-based exercises in women with obesity. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:470-483. [PMID: 33568003 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1872690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with obesity are recommended to practice physical activity with reduced weight bearing, such as water-based exercises. However, the magnitude of the vertical ground reaction force (Fz) during these exercises is unknown in this population. This study aimed to verify the magnitude of peak Fz (Fzpeak) in women with obesity during different exercises performed in water and on land and at different intensities. Ten adult women with obesity class 1 (body mass index: 31.6 ± 0.57 kg·m-2) completed two randomised sessions, one performed on land and other in water, composed by three exercises (stationary running, frontal kick, butt kick) performed at cadences of 80 b·min-1, 100 b·min-1 and maximal. Fzpeak value was determined in each situation. Data were analysed using repeated-measures three-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Significant lower Fzpeak values were observed in water (p < 0.001), with no significant differences between the exercises. A significant difference in the Fzpeak was verified between maximal cadence and 80 b·min-1 (p = 0.01). Water-based exercises performed by women with obesity revealed a Fzpeak reduction from land to water corresponding to 41-67%. Also, the three water-based exercises resulted in similar Fzpeak values, while an increase was observed 80 b·min-1 to the maximal cadence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Bergamin
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Koutny F, Wiemann D, Eckert A, Meyhöfer S, Fritsch M, Pappa A, Wiegand S, Weyer M, Wurm M, Weghuber D, Holl RW. Poorly controlled pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): An observational study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024. [PMID: 38558281 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies have suggested a link between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in children and adolescent, but longitudinal evidence is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between poorly controlled T1D and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serving as a proxy for MASLD in children and adolescents over time. METHODS The study included 32,325 children aged 2-17 years with T1D from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland who had undergone at least one assessment of liver enzyme levels recorded in the Diabetes-Patienten- Verlaufsdokumentation registry. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression models were calculated to show possible associations between T1D and elevated ALT values (>26 U/L in males, >22 U/L in females) as a proxy for MASLD. RESULTS Children with poorly controlled T1D (HbA1c > 11%) exhibited increased odds of elevated ALT values, after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes duration and overweight (odds ratio [OR] 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.10-3.10; p < 0.01). This finding is substantiated by a longitudinal analysis, which reveals that inadequately controlled T1D was associated with a higher hazard ratio (HR) of elevated ALT values compared to children with controlled T1D over an observation period extending up to 5.5 (HR: 1.54; 95% CI, 1.19-2.01; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the current study strongly links poorly controlled T1D in children and adolescents to MASLD irrespective of overweight. This association is not only present cross-sectionally but also increases over time. The study underscores the critical role of effective diabetes management in reducing the risk of MASLD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Koutny
- Department of Human Medicine, PhD Medical Science, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Rheumatology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital of St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Dagobert Wiemann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Eckert
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Germany, and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Meyhöfer
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maria Fritsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Angeliki Pappa
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center for social-pediatric care, Charité, Germany
| | - Marc Weyer
- Kamillus-Klinik Internal Medicine, Asbach, Germany
| | - Michael Wurm
- Department of Paediatrics, St. Hedwigs Campus, University Children's Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Human Medicine, PhD Medical Science, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Germany, and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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Nehmi‐Filho V, de Freitas JA, Franco LA, Martins RC, Turri JAO, Santamarina AB, Fonseca JVDS, Sabino EC, Moraes BC, Souza E, Murata GM, Costa SF, Alcântara PS, Otoch JP, Pessoa AFM. Modulation of the gut microbiome and Firmicutes phylum reduction by a nutraceutical blend in the obesity mouse model and overweight humans: A double-blind clinical trial. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2436-2454. [PMID: 38628220 PMCID: PMC11016419 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are closely linked to gut dysbiosis/dysmetabolism and disrupted De-Ritis ratio [aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio], which may contribute to chronic noncommunicable diseases onset. Concurrently, extensive research explores nutraceuticals, and health-enhancing supplements, for disease prevention or treatment. Thus, sedentary overweight volunteers were double-blind randomized into two groups: Novel Nutraceutical_(S) (without silymarin) and Novel Nutraceutical (with silymarin). Experimental formulations were orally administered twice daily over 180 consecutive days. We evaluated fecal gut microbiota, based on partial 16S rRNA sequences, biochemistry and endocrine markers, steatosis biomarker (AST/ALT ratio), and anthropometric parameters. Post-supplementation, only the Novel Nutraceutical group reduced Clostridium clostridioforme (Firmicutes), Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio), and De-Ritis ratio, while elevating Bacteroides caccae and Bacteroides uniformis (Bacteroidetes) in Brazilian sedentary overweight volunteers after 180 days. In summary, the results presented here allow us to suggest the gut microbiota as the action mechanism of the Novel Nutraceutical promoting metabolic hepatic recovery in obesity/overweight non-drug interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Nehmi‐Filho
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐26), Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
| | - Jessica Alves de Freitas
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐26), Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
| | - Lucas Augusto Franco
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica (LIM‐46)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São PauloJardim AmericaBrazil
| | - Roberta Cristina Martins
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica (LIM‐46)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São PauloJardim AmericaBrazil
| | - José Antônio Orellana Turri
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Grupo de Pesquisa em Economia da SaúdeUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
| | - Aline Boveto Santamarina
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐26), Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
| | - Joyce Vanessa da Silva Fonseca
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Protozoologia, Bacteriologia e Resistência Antimicrobiana (LIM‐49)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São PauloJardim AmericaBrazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica (LIM‐46)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São PauloJardim AmericaBrazil
| | - Bruna Carvalho Moraes
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐31), Laboratório Investigação Médica em Patogênese e Terapia dirigida em Onco‐Imuno‐HematologiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo Hospital das ClínicasCerqueira CésarBrazil
| | | | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐29), Laboratório de Nefrologia Celular, Genética e Molecular, Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
| | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Protozoologia, Bacteriologia e Resistência Antimicrobiana (LIM‐49)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São PauloJardim AmericaBrazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Alcântara
- Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Hospital Universitário de São PauloButantãBrazil
| | - José Pinhata Otoch
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐26), Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
- Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Hospital Universitário de São PauloButantãBrazil
| | - Ana Flávia Marçal Pessoa
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐26), Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
- Efeom NutritionUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
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46
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Aarestrup J, Pedersen DC, Bjerregaard LG, Jensen BW, Leth-Møller KB, Jacobsen RK, Johnson W, Baker JL. Trends in childhood body mass index between 1936 and 2011 showed that underweight remained more common than obesity among 398 970 Danish school children. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:818-826. [PMID: 37776041 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine trends in all body mass index (BMI) groups in children from 1936 to 2011. METHODS We included 197 694 girls and 201 276 boys from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, born between 1930 and 1996, with longitudinal weight and height measurements (6-14 years). Using International Obesity Task Force criteria, BMI was classified as underweight, normal-weight, overweight and obesity. Sex- and age-specific prevalences were calculated. RESULTS From the 1930s, the prevalence of underweight was stable until a small increase occurred from 1950 to 1970s, and thereafter it declined into the early 2000s. Using 7-year-olds as an example, underweight changed from 10% to 7% in girls and from 9% to 6% in boys during the study period. The prevalence of overweight plateaued from 1950 to 1970s and then steeply increased from 1970s onwards and in 1990-2000s 15% girls and 11% boys at 7 years had overweight. The prevalence of obesity particularly increased from 1980s onwards and in 1990-2000s 5% girls and 4% boys at 7 years had obesity. These trends slightly differed by age. CONCLUSION Among Danish schoolchildren, the prevalence of underweight was greater than overweight until the 1980s and greater than obesity throughout the period. Thus, monitoring the prevalence of childhood underweight remains an important public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aarestrup
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D C Pedersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L G Bjerregaard
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B W Jensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K B Leth-Møller
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R K Jacobsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - W Johnson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - J L Baker
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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47
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Kaak KB, Holliday CP, Mulekar MS, Trepman E, Holliday NP. Women's perceptions of body mass graphics and their preferences for weight counselling. Clin Obes 2024; 14:e12632. [PMID: 38114087 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Health care providers may lack data-driven guidance about best practises for discussing weight. We assessed women's self-perception of body mass index (BMI) and preferences for weight counselling by provider characteristics and the initiating question. A voluntary, anonymous survey was completed by 756 women (age ≥ 19 year) at our tertiary care obstetrics and gynaecology clinics in autumn 2021. The respondents' height and weight were collected before respondents selected graphics from a validated Body Image Scale that they felt best represented their current body size and which graphs should prompt weight loss or gain recommendations. Respondents were asked their preferences about provider characteristics for discussion about weight and to identify which of six initiating questions from a provider was most and least preferred. Blank responses were allowed. In 708 responses, 366 women (52%) selected the most accurate graphic that corresponded to their BMI; the selected graphic represented a lower than actual BMI in 268 women (38%) and higher in 74 women (10%). In 648 responses, 374 women (58%) preferred a female provider, but provider body shape, ethnicity/race and age were not important to most women. The most preferred question to initiate a discussion about weight was "A lot of women have trouble achieving or maintaining a healthy weight; is that something we can discuss?" in 181 of 555 women (33%), and the least preferred question was "Do you feel like you are at an appropriate weight?" in 172 of 554 women (31%). Provider knowledge about patient preferences regarding questions may facilitate the discussion about weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Kaak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Candice P Holliday
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Madhuri S Mulekar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Alabama College of Arts and Sciences, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Elly Trepman
- University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Nicolette P Holliday
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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48
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Baska A, Świder K, Zgliczyński WS, Kłoda K, Mastalerz-Migas A, Babicki M. Is Obesity a Cause for Shame? Weight Bias and Stigma among Physicians, Dietitians, and Other Healthcare Professionals in Poland-A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:999. [PMID: 38613032 PMCID: PMC11013468 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Weight bias and weight stigma pose significant challenges in healthcare, particularly affecting obesity management practices and patient care quality. Our study evaluates their prevalence and impact among healthcare professionals in Poland. Using the Fat Phobia Scale and custom questions, we surveyed 686 professionals via Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI). Results reveal a moderate level of explicit weight bias (mean score: 3.60 ± 0.57), with significant variations across professional groups: physicians (3.70 ± 0.48), dietitians (3.51 ± 0.48), and others (3.44 ± 0.77). Common feelings towards individuals with obesity include willingness to help (57.0%) and compassion (37.8%), yet 29.9% perceive obesity as shameful. The results also vary depending on the respondent's sex or BMI. These findings underscore the need for evidence-based interventions to mitigate weight stigma and enhance understanding of obesity among healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Baska
- Department of Lifestyle Medicine, School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
- Polish Society of Lifestyle Medicine, 00-382 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Stefan Zgliczyński
- Department of Lifestyle Medicine, School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
- Polish Society of Lifestyle Medicine, 00-382 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Kłoda
- MEDFIT Karolina Kłoda, 70-240 Szczecin, Poland;
- Scientific Section of the Polish Society of Family Medicine, 51-141 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (M.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Mastalerz-Migas
- Scientific Section of the Polish Society of Family Medicine, 51-141 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Babicki
- Scientific Section of the Polish Society of Family Medicine, 51-141 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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49
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Miller HN, Gallis JA, Berger MB, Askew S, Egger JR, Kay MC, Finkelstein EA, de Leon M, DeVries A, Brewer A, Holder MG, Bennett GG. Weight Gain Prevention Outcomes From a Pragmatic Digital Health Intervention With Community Health Center Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e50330. [PMID: 38416574 PMCID: PMC11009856 DOI: 10.2196/50330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities continue to rise in the United States. Populations who are uninsured and from racial and ethnic minority groups continue to be disproportionately affected. These populations also experience fewer clinically meaningful outcomes in most weight loss trials. Weight gain prevention presents a useful strategy for individuals who experience barriers to weight loss. Given the often-limited weight management resources available to patients in primary care settings serving vulnerable patients, evaluating interventions with pragmatic designs may help inform the design of comprehensive obesity care delivered in primary care. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Balance, a 2-arm, 12-month pragmatic randomized controlled trial of a digital weight gain prevention intervention, delivered to patients receiving primary care within federally qualified community health centers. METHODS Balance was a 2-arm, 12-month pragmatic randomized controlled trial of a digital weight gain prevention intervention delivered to individuals who had a BMI of 25-40 kg/m2, spoke English or Spanish, and were receiving primary care within a network of federally qualified community health centers in North Carolina. The Balance intervention was designed to encourage behavioral changes that result in a slight energy deficit. Intervention participants received tailored goal setting and tracking, skills training, self-monitoring, and responsive health coaching from registered dietitians. Weight was measured at regular primary care visits and documented in the electronic health record. We compared the percentage of ≤3% weight gain in each arm at 24 months after randomization-our primary outcome-using individual empirical best linear unbiased predictors from the linear mixed-effects model. We used individual empirical best linear unbiased predictors from participants with at least 1 electronic health record weight documented within a 6-month window centered on the 24-month time point. RESULTS We randomized 443 participants, of which 223 (50.3%) participants were allocated to the intervention arm. At baseline, participants had a mean BMI of 32.6 kg/m2. Most participants were Latino or Hispanic (n=200, 45.1%) or non-Latino or Hispanic White (n=115, 26%). In total, 53% (n=235) of participants had at least 1 visit with weight measured in the primary time window. The intervention group had a higher proportion with ≤3% weight gain at 6 months (risk ratio=1.12, 95% CI 0.94-1.28; risk difference=9.5, 95% CI -4.5 to 16.4 percentage points). This difference attenuated to the null by 24 months (risk ratio=1.00, 95% CI 0.82-1.20; risk difference=0.2, 95% CI -12.1 to 11.0 percentage points). CONCLUSIONS In adults with overweight or obesity receiving primary care at a community health center, we did not find long-term evidence to support the dissemination of a digital health intervention for weight gain prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03003403; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03003403. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s12889-019-6926-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey N Miller
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John A Gallis
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Miriam B Berger
- Duke Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sandy Askew
- Duke Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joseph R Egger
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Melissa C Kay
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Eric Andrew Finkelstein
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Ashley Brewer
- Piedmont Health Services, Inc, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Marni Gwyther Holder
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Gary G Bennett
- Duke Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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50
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Huang S, Gu Y, Ali SH, Xue J, Zhang R, Wen X. Association Between Adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Noncommunicable Disease Risk in Chinese Adults: Prospective Cohort Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e47517. [PMID: 38536210 PMCID: PMC11007614 DOI: 10.2196/47517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing annual global deaths are attributable to noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Adhering to healthy lifestyle behaviors is associated with lower NCD risk, particularly among individuals with ample movement, enough sleep, and reduced sedentariness. Nevertheless, there are only few prospective assessments on the association of interactions between daily activities with NCD prevention, while the associations between adhering to Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24HGs) for adults and NCD risks are still unknown. Compared to the general population, obese and overweight populations are at a higher risk of developing NCDs. Currently, it is unclear whether the health benefits of adhering to 24HGs differ between the general population and the obese population. OBJECTIVE This study explores prospective associations between adherence to 24HGs and NCD risks by weight status among overweight and obese adults in China. METHODS This decadal study consists of 9227 adults aged 35 years and older without any major NCDs at enrolment in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2004-2011) and followed up until 2015. The exposure of interest was the overall score of compliance with 24HGs measured by participants' self-report, wherein 1 point was assigned for compliance to each component, resulting in an aggregated score ranging from 0 to 3. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of major NCDs (high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, cancer, and acute myocardial infarction). Log-binomial regression models were used to evaluate the associations. RESULTS : Overall, 4315 males and 4912 females, with 25,175 person-years of follow-up, were included in our analyses. The average baseline age was 50.21 (SD 11.04) years. Among the overweight and obese groups, those adhering to 1 (risk ratio [RR] 0.37, 95% CI 0.19-0.74; P=.004), 2 (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19-0.72; P=.003), and 3 (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14-0.73; P=.006) recommendations of 24HGs had a significantly lower NCD risk than those not adhering to any of the activity guidelines. Among the normal or underweight groups, those adhering to 1 (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27-0.96; P=.03) and 3 (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.17-0.94; P=.03) components had a significantly lower NCD risk than those not adhering to any of the activity guidelines. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective study, we found that active adherence to recommendations of 24HGs was associated with lower risks of NCDs, especially among overweight and obese participants. Additionally, overweight and obese individuals who met at least 1 component of 24HGs were at a significantly lower risk for NCDs, but this protective effect was not found among individuals in the normal and underweight groups. Individuals with excess body weight who tend to be more susceptible to health risks may gain greater health benefits than the general population by adhering to the recommendations of 24HGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Huang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Gu
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shahmir H Ali
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jingjing Xue
- School of Humanities, Beijing Dance Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Wen
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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