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Hosseininasab D, Shiraseb F, Bahrampour N, da Silva A, Hajinasab MM, Bressan J, Mirzaei K. Ultra-processed food consumption and quality of life: a cross-sectional study in Iranian women. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1351510. [PMID: 38665244 PMCID: PMC11043594 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1351510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have been associated with a higher intake of added sugars, sodium, and unhealthy fats; however, the relationship between UPFs and quality of life (QoL) is not well understood. Methods The present cross-sectional study included 193 Iranian women aged 18-48 years with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2. UPFs were identified using the NOVA classification. QoL was evaluated using the SF-36 questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed using an appropriate method. Results The mean BMI and fat-free mass (FFM) of the subjects were 30.90 kg/m2 and 46.69 kg, respectively. At first, a significant difference was observed in the height of women across tertiles of UPF consumption. The mean score of the total QoL scale was 66.90. Women who were in the tertile 3 of UPFs intake had 23.59 units lower the scale of limitation in physical capabilities and activity (score of role-physical) (β = -23.59, 95% CI: -37.77-9.40, p = 0.001). Among those with the highest adherence to UPF intake, there was an 8.76 unit reduction in addressing feelings of energy and fatigue (vitality domain) in model 2 (β = -8.76, 95% CI: -16.42-1.11, p = 0.02). Finally, a reduction of 15.78 units was observed in the mental health scale, specifically in the mental states of anxiety and depression, among participants in the third tertile of UPF intake (β = -15.78, 95% CI: -24.11-7.45, p < 0.001). Conclusion Increased UPF consumption was associated with lower QoL in Iranian women. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and develop effective strategies to promote healthy food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Hosseininasab
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niki Bahrampour
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alessandra da Silva
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Hajinasab
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Santos IS, Bierhals IO, Costa CS, Matijasevich A, Tovo-Rodrigues L. Variation in ultra-processed food consumption from 6 to 15 years, body weight and body composition at 15 years of age at The Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13104. [PMID: 38296258 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with obesity and adipose tissue in children/adolescents remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To assess the association of UPF consumption with excessive weight (EW-defined as BMI-for-age ≥+1 z-score) and body composition at 15 years. METHODS In a birth cohort, daily UPF consumption was estimated by Food Frequency Questionnaires at 6 and 15 years. Those in the higher tercile of UPF consumption at both follow-ups were the 'always-high consumers'. Air-displacement plethysmography provided fat mass (FM-kg), fat-free mass (FFM-kg), %FM, %FFM, FM index (FMI-kg/m2 ) and FFM index (FFMI-kg/m2 ). Logistic regression and linear regression were used to estimate, respectively, odds ratios and beta coefficients. RESULTS Amongst 1584 participants, almost one in every seven were always-high consumers. In crude analyses, there was no association between variation in UPF consumption and EW, and body fat parameters were lower in the always-high consumer group than amongst the always-low consumers, in both sexes. With adjustment for confounders, the odds ratio for EW was higher in the always-high consumer than amongst the always-low consumer group, and the direction of the associations with FM parameters was reversed: males from the always-high consumer group presented almost twice as high FM (10.5 vs. 18.6 kg; p < 0.001) and twice as high FMI (3.4 vs. 6.3 kg/m2 ; p < 0.001) than the always-low consumer group, and females from the always-high consumer group presented on average 32% more FM and FMI than the always-low consumer group. CONCLUSIONS In crude and adjusted analyses there was a strong association between high UPF consumption from childhood to adolescence, EW and higher body fat parameters at 15 years, but its deleterious association with body adiposity was only uncovered after adjusting for confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iná S Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Isabel O Bierhals
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Caroline S Costa
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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He X, Zhang X, Si C, Feng Y, Zhu Q, Li S, Shu L. Ultra-processed food consumption and chronic kidney disease risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1359229. [PMID: 38606016 PMCID: PMC11007045 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1359229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHigh intake of ultra-processed food (UPF) has been associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD), but the results remain inconsistent. We therefore performed this systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies that shed light on the association between UPF consumption and the risk of CKD.MethodsA systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases was carried out to find the eligible articles published up to October 31, 2023. Random-effects or fixed-effects models were used to pool the relative risks(RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).The potential sources of heterogeneity across studies were examined using the Cochran’s Q test and I-square(I2). Publication bias was examined using the visual inspection of asymmetry in funnel plots and quantified by Begg’s and Egger’s tests.ResultsEight studies (six cohort and two cross-sectional studies) exploring the association between UPF consumption and risk of CKD, were included in the final analysis. The pooled analyses revealed that high consumption of UPF was associated with an increased risk of CKD (RR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.09–1.42, p < 0.0001). Moreover, a 10% increase of UPF consumption was associated with a 7% higher risk of CKD (RR = 1.07; 95%CI: 1.04–1.10, p < 0.001). Dose–response analysis of all included studies showed a linear association between UPF consumption and the risk of CKD (RR = 1.02; 95%CI:0.99–1.05, Pdose–response = 0.178, Pnonlinearity = 0.843).ConclusionOur findings indicate that high consumption of UPF is significantly associated with an increased risk of CKD. Future research with prospective design is required to confirm this positive association.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023478483, PROSPERO identifier CRD42023478483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhen He
- Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caijuan Si
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuliang Feng
- Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long Shu
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Elfassy T, Juul F, Mesa RA, Palaniappan L, Srinivasan M, Yi SS. Associations Between Ultra-processed Food Consumption and Cardiometabolic Health Among Older US Adults: Comparing Older Asian Americans to Older Adults From Other Major Race-Ethnic Groups. Res Aging 2024; 46:228-240. [PMID: 38128550 DOI: 10.1177/01640275231222928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2018; N = 19,602), this study examined whether ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is associated with cardiometabolic health (obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes), among White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian Americans (AA) US adults 50 or older. Diet was assessed using 24 hour dietary recall. NOVA dietary classification system was used to calculate the percentage of caloric intake derived from UPFs. Cardiometabolic information was assessed through physical examination, blood tests, and self-reported medication information. A median of 54% (IQR: 40%, 68%) of caloric intake was attributed to UPFs and was lowest for AAs (34%, IQR: 20%, 49%) and highest for White adults (56%; IQR: 42, 69%). In multivariable adjusted models, UPF consumption was associated with greater odds of obesity, high cholesterol, and diabetes. UPF consumption is associated with poor cardiometabolic health among all US older adults. For AAs, UPFs may be particularly obesogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Elfassy
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Filippa Juul
- Department of Public Health Policy and Management, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert A Mesa
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Latha Palaniappan
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Center for Asian Health Research and Education (CARE), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Center for Asian Health Research and Education (CARE), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stella S Yi
- Center for the Study of Asian American Health, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Almohtasib Y, Fancher AJ, Sawalha K. Emerging Trends in Atherosclerosis: Time to Address Atherosclerosis From a Younger Age. Cureus 2024; 16:e56635. [PMID: 38646335 PMCID: PMC11032087 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, research efforts into cardiovascular disease (CVD) have uncovered findings that fundamentally challenge our understanding of CVD, particularly atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis was primarily attributed to the well-described abnormal lipid accumulation theory, involving plaque growth with subsequent plaque hemorrhage resulting in acute vessel thrombosis that may or may not rupture. This perspective has now evolved to encompass more complex pathways, wherein the accumulation of abnormal products of oxidation and inflammation is the most likely factor mediating atherosclerotic plaque growth. Furthermore, atherosclerosis was traditionally thought of as a disease in patients aged 40 and older. However, mounting evidence has demonstrated that significant atherosclerosis and CVD events are more prevalent in younger patients than previously realized and accelerating in incidence. With this alarming trend among younger individuals, our review sought to explore why this trend may be happening and what can be done about this developing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Almohtasib
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Andrew J Fancher
- Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, USA
| | - Khalid Sawalha
- Cardiometabolic Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
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Mossenson S, Giglia R, Pulker CE, Dhaliwal SS, Chester M, Bigwood R, Pollard CM. The Nutritional Quality of Food Donated to a Western Australian Food Bank. Nutrients 2024; 16:509. [PMID: 38398833 PMCID: PMC10891512 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Food banks provide an indispensable service to people experiencing severe food insecurity. Food banks source donations from across the food system; however, the food redistributed to clients across the developed world is nutritionally poor. This, together with the increasing prevalence of diet-related diseases and food insecurity, has prompted a focus on nutritional quality. Despite more food being distributed via food banks in Australia, the nutritional quality of donated food remains unreported. This study analyzed all food (84,996 kg (1216 products)) donated to Foodbank WA over a 5-day period using diet-, food-, and nutrient-based nutrition classification schemes (NCSs). A total of 42% (27% of total weight) of donated food products were deemed 'unsuitable' and 19% (23% by weight) were 'suitable' according to all NCSs. There was no agreement on 39% of products (50% by weight). Overall, NOVA and the Healthy Eating Research Nutrition Guidelines (HERNG) (κ = 0.521) had the highest level of agreement and the ADGs and HERNGs the lowest (κ = 0.329). The findings confirm the poor nutritional quality of food donated to food banks and the need to work with donors to improve the food they donate. Fit-for-purpose nutrition guidelines are urgently needed for Australian food banks to support them in providing nutritious food to their vulnerable clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharonna Mossenson
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Perth 6102, Australia
| | - Roslyn Giglia
- Foodbank of Western Australia, Perth Airport, Perth 6105, Australia
| | - Claire E. Pulker
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Perth 6102, Australia
- East Metropolitan Health Service, Murray Street, Perth 6004, Australia
| | - Satvinder S. Dhaliwal
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Perth 6102, Australia
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Office of the Provost, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore 599494, Singapore
| | - Miranda Chester
- Foodbank of Western Australia, Perth Airport, Perth 6105, Australia
| | - Ruby Bigwood
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Perth 6102, Australia
| | - Christina M. Pollard
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Perth 6102, Australia
- Enable Institute, Curtin University, Kent St, Perth 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Kent St, Perth 6102, Australia
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Kim L, Choi YH, Huh DA, Moon KW. Associations of minimally processed and ultra-processed food intakes with cardiovascular health in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI), 2013-2015. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00646-1. [PMID: 38307938 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although recent studies have suggested the adverse effects of processed foods on cardiovascular disease, few studies have been conducted on the effects of food processing on cardiovascular health (CVH) in Koreans. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the associations of minimally processed foods (MPF) and ultra-processed foods (UPF) intakes with CVH. METHODS We used the data of 6945 adults (≥19) from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MPF and UPF intakes were based on the NOVA food classification. Using Life's simple 7 (LS7) proposed by the American Heart Association, the CVH indicator was estimated as the sum (0-12) of the scores of six components. Multiple linear and multinomial logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations between processed food intakes and CVH. RESULTS The mean (standard error) of MPF and UPF intake was 61.28 (0.28) and 20.27 (0.24) %kcal/day, respectively. After adjusting for sex, age, household income, educational attainment, family history of CVD, and stress, we found significant positive associations between MPF intake and CVH (p value < 0.001), while associations between UPF intake and CVH were significantly negative (p value < 0.001). Moreover, the magnitude of the observed association was more distinctive in females (p-interaction < 0.01) and with increasing age (p-interaction < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A high intake of MPF is associated with improved CVH, while a high intake of UPF is associated with poorer CVH in Korean adults. Therefore, public health policies should be established to promote the choice of less processed foods to improve CVH among South Korean adults. IMPACT STATEMENT In modern society, processed foods have become ubiquitous and South Korea's consumption of processed foods is very high. This study had shown that the more processed a food is, the more negative impact it can have on cardiovascular health. Therefore, researching the effects of processed foods on the human body can increase understanding of population health and aid in the development of prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lita Kim
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Da-An Huh
- Institute of Health Sciences, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Kyong Whan Moon
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- School of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
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Lv JL, Wei YF, Sun JN, Shi YC, Liu FH, Sun MH, Chang Q, Wu QJ, Zhao YH. Ultra-processed food consumption and metabolic disease risk: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1306310. [PMID: 38356860 PMCID: PMC10864658 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1306310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims There is an ongoing debate on whether to advocate reducing ultra-processed food (UPF) in dietary guidelines to control metabolic disease (such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]). We aimed to summarize the evidence from systematic reviews with meta-analyses between UPF consumption and metabolic diseases risk, assess the credibility, and verify the robustness of these associations. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to July 15, 2023, to identify relevant systematic reviews with meta-analyses. We used the random-effects model to evaluate the summary effect size, along with 95% confidence interval and prediction interval. We also assessed heterogeneity, evidence of small-study effects and excess significance bias, and categorized the credibility of each association based on quantitative umbrella review criteria. Additionally, we conducted subgroup and sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of associations based on continents, study design, dietary assessment methods, definition methods of UPF, population, and units of UPF consumption. Results Overall, 6 systematic reviews with 13 meta-analyses were included. Three (23.08%) meta-analyses were classified as highly suggestive evidence for meeting the criteria that associations were significant at p < 10-6, had more than 1,000 cases, and presented the largest study with significance at p < 0.05. Among them, the highest UPF consumption quantile was associated with an increased risk of obesity (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.36-1.77) when compared with the lowest UPF consumption quantile. The highest UPF consumption quantile was associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.23-1.59) when compared with the lowest UPF consumption quantile, and a 10% increase in UPF consumption (% g/d) was associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.10-1.13). Meanwhile, the robustness of these associations was verified by a series of subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion UPF consumption may be a risk factor for several metabolic diseases. However, well-designed studies are still needed to verify our findings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Le Lv
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wei
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Nan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Chen Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Hui Sun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Valle-Hita C, Salas-Huetos A, Fernández de la Puente M, Martínez MÁ, Canudas S, Palau-Galindo A, Mestres C, Manzanares JM, Murphy MM, Marquès M, Salas-Salvadó J, Babio N. Ultra-processed food consumption and semen quality parameters in the Led-Fertyl study. Hum Reprod Open 2024; 2024:hoae001. [PMID: 38283622 PMCID: PMC10813743 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption associated with semen quality parameters? SUMMARY ANSWER Higher UPF consumption was inversely associated with total sperm count, sperm concentration, and total motility in men of reproductive age. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The consumption of UPF, which has been rising during the last decades, has been demonstrated to be positively associated with several chronic diseases such as diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. However, the scientific evidence on its potential impact on semen quality remains notably limited. STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 200 healthy men (mean age 28.4 ± 5.5 years) enrolled in the Led-Fertyl (Lifestyle and Environmental Determinants of Seminogram and Other Male Fertility-Related Parameters) study between February 2021 and April 2023. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS UPF consumption (% of energy from UPF) was estimated according to the NOVA classification system using a validated 143-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Total sperm count, sperm concentration, sperm vitality, total motility, progressive motility, and normal sperm forms were set as the main outcomes. Microscopic parameters were analyzed using a phase-contrast microscope and a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. Semen samples were collected and tested according to World Health Organization 2010 standards. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to estimate the associations between UPF tertile and semen quality parameters. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Sperm concentration (β: -1.42 × 106 spz./ml; 95% CI: -2.72 to -0.12) and motility (β: -7.83%; 95% CI: -15.16 to -0.51) were lower in participants in the highest tertile of UPF compared to the lowest. A similar association was observed for sperm count when UPF was analyzed per 10% increment of energy from UPF consumption (β: -1.50 × 106 spz.; 95% CI: -2.83 to -0.17). Theoretically replacing 10% of energy from UPF consumption with 10% of energy from unprocessed or minimally processed food consumption was associated with a higher total sperm count, sperm concentration, total motility, progressive motility, and normal sperm forms. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION Cross-sectional studies do not permit the drawing of causal inferences. Measurement errors and reporting bias cannot be entirely ruled out. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This work suggests that consumption of UPF may have an impact on certain semen quality parameters. Furthermore, opting for unprocessed or minimally processed foods instead of UPFs could potentially benefit semen quality. If these results are replicated in future epidemiological studies with different long-term designs, these novel findings could provide valuable insights for updating or even designing preventive and interventional programs to address infertility among men of reproductive age. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by the Spanish government's official funding agency for biomedical research, ISCIII, through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), the European Union ERDF/ESF, 'A way to make Europe'/'Investing in your future' [PI21/01447], and the Diputació de Tarragona (2021/11-No.Exp. 8004330008-2021-0022642). J.S.-S. gratefully acknowledges the financial support of ICREA under the ICREA Academia program. C.V.-H. received a predoctoral grant from the Generalitat de Catalunya (2022 FI_B100108). M.Á.M. was supported by the Sara Borrell postdoctoral fellowship (CD21/00045-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)). M.F.d.l.P. was supported by a predoctoral grant from the Rovira i Virgili University and Diputació de Tarragona (2020-PMF-PIPF-8). All authors have no conflict of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Valle-Hita
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Salas-Huetos
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Unitat de Medicina Preventiva, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental ANUT-DSM, Reus, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - María Fernández de la Puente
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Canudas
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona, INSA-UB Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Antoni Palau-Galindo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- ABS Reus V. Centre d’Assistència Primària Marià Fortuny, Salut Sant Joan de Reus—Baix Camp, Reus, Spain
| | - Cristina Mestres
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- ABS Reus V. Centre d’Assistència Primària Marià Fortuny, Salut Sant Joan de Reus—Baix Camp, Reus, Spain
| | - José María Manzanares
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental ANUT-DSM, Reus, Spain
| | - Michelle M Murphy
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Unitat de Medicina Preventiva, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental ANUT-DSM, Reus, Spain
| | - Montse Marquès
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology—TecnATox, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Grinshpan LS, Eilat-Adar S, Ivancovsky-Wajcman D, Kariv R, Gillon-Keren M, Zelber-Sagi S. Ultra-processed food consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: A systematic review. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100964. [PMID: 38234408 PMCID: PMC10792654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background High ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is associated with the development of various diet-related non-communicable diseases, especially obesity and type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to systematically review the association between UPF consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its leading risk factors; metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR). Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane (March 2023), and references of the identified articles were checked. The search keywords were defined through an exploratory investigation in addition to MeSH and similarly controlled vocabulary thesauruses. Observational and interventional studies were included. Studies that focused only on specific groups of processed foods or overlapping dietary patterns were excluded. The quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools for observational studies and Cochrane's risk of bias 2 tool for randomized-control trials. A narrative synthesis was employed to report the results. Results Fifteen studies were included, with a total of 52,885 participants, one randomized-controlled trial, and fourteen observational studies (nine cross-sectional and five prospective). The review has shown a significant association between UPF consumption and NAFLD in three studies out of six, MetS in five out of eight, and IR in one out of three. All large-scale prospective cohorts that studied NAFLD or MetS outcomes demonstrated a positive association. In contrast, studies that did not demonstrate significant associations were mostly cross-sectional and small. The evidence for an association with IR was insufficient and conflicting. Conclusion The included studies are few, observational, and based upon self-reported dietary assessment tools. However, current evidence indicates that UPF is not only associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes but may also be a risk factor for NAFLD and MetS. UPF is a worldwide concern deserving further longitudinal research. Impact and implications Overconsumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) may lead to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not well established. The present systematic review shows that UPF may be associated with NAFLD, although more large prospective studies are needed. These findings emphasize the importance of minimizing the consumption of UPF to prevent NAFLD and other metabolic diseases among the general adult population. This systematic review and further prospective studies, epidemiological or interventional, can help physicians provide patients with evidence-based nutritional recommendations and will support policymakers in restricting the marketing of UPF as well as promoting affordable, healthy, and minimally processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sol Grinshpan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Dana Ivancovsky-Wajcman
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Revital Kariv
- Department of Gastroenterology Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Gillon-Keren
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Sciences, Kibbutzim College of Education Technology and the Arts, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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11
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Zhao L, Clay-Gilmour A, Zhang J, Zhang X, Steck SE. Higher ultra-processed food intake is associated with adverse liver outcomes: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:49-57. [PMID: 37871746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-processed food (UPF) intake has been positively associated with obesity and diabetes. The relationship between UPF intake and liver health has been scarcely studied. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the association of UPF intake with risk of adverse liver outcomes including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, liver cancer, severe liver disease, and serum biomarkers of liver health. METHODS A total of 173,889 participants aged 40 to 69 y from the UK Biobank were included. UPF intake was defined using 24-h dietary recalls and NOVA classification. Liver outcome data were obtained from cancer registry, in-hospital records, and death registries. Serum biomarkers were measured at baseline. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between UPF and adverse liver outcomes adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors, body mass index, and diabetes. We used multinomial logistic regression to evaluate associations between UPF and liver function biomarkers. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 8.9 y, we documented 1108 NAFLD, 350 liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, 134 liver cancer, and 550 severe liver disease cases. Higher UPF intake was associated with increased risk of NAFLD (HRQuartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.70; Ptrend < 0.001), liver fibrosis/cirrhosis (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.59; Ptrend = 0.009), and severe liver disease (HR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.90; Ptrend < 0.001) but not with liver cancer (HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.58; Ptrend = 0.88). Higher UPF intake was associated with elevated levels of C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, and triglycerides and lower cholesterols (all Ptrend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Higher UPF intake is associated with an increased risk of NAFLD, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and severe liver disease and adverse levels of multiple clinical biomarkers, suggesting the potential importance of reducing UPF intake to improve liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longgang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alyssa Clay-Gilmour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Susan E Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
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Tosi M, Montanari C, Bona F, Tricella C, Agostinelli M, Dolor J, Chillemi C, Di Profio E, Tagi VM, Vizzuso S, Fiore G, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Dietary Inflammatory Potential in Pediatric Diseases: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5095. [PMID: 38140353 PMCID: PMC10745369 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory status is one of the main drivers in the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Specific unhealthy dietary patterns and the growing consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) may influence the inflammation process, which negatively modulates the gut microbiota and increases the risk of NCDs. Moreover, several chronic health conditions require special long-term dietary treatment, characterized by altered ratios of the intake of nutrients or by the consumption of disease-specific foods. In this narrative review, we aimed to collect the latest evidence on the pro-inflammatory potential of dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients in children affected by multifactorial diseases but also on the dietetic approaches used as treatment for specific diseases. Considering multifactorial diet-related diseases, the triggering effect of pro-inflammatory diets has been addressed for metabolic syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases, and the latter for adults only. Future research is required on multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and pediatric cancer, in which the role of inflammation is emerging. For diseases requiring special diets, the role of single or multiple foods, possibly associated with inflammation, was assessed, but more studies are needed. The evidence collected highlighted the need for health professionals to consider the entire dietary pattern, providing balanced and healthy diets not only to permit the metabolic control of the disease itself, but also to prevent the development of NCDs in adolescence and adulthood. Personalized nutritional approaches, in close collaboration between the hospital, country, and families, must always be promoted together with the development of new methods for the assessment of pro-inflammatory dietary habits in pediatric age and the implementation of telemedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tosi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy;
| | - Chiara Montanari
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Bona
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Chiara Tricella
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Marta Agostinelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Jonabell Dolor
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Claudia Chillemi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy;
| | - Veronica Maria Tagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sara Vizzuso
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy;
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy
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da Silva NRJ, de Camargo MBJ, Dos Vaz JS, Correa MB, Matijasevich A, da Silva Dos Santos I, Cascaes AM. Ultra-processed food consumption and dental caries in adolescents from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:1180-1186. [PMID: 37032457 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and dental caries in adolescents. METHODS Data from 996 adolescents aged 12-13 years who participated in an oral health sub-study of the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort in southern Brazil were analysed. The main exposure was daily UPF consumption at age 10-11 years, measured by a food frequency questionnaire containing 24 UPF items defined based on the NOVA system. UPF consumption was calculated in frequency, grams and calories, in general and for six types of food (biscuits, savoury snacks and sugar-sweetened cereals; ultra-processed meats and fats; sweets; fast food and instant noodles; soft drinks and artificially flavoured drinks; and sweetened milk and powdered chocolate). The outcome was dental caries, measured according to the decayed, missing and filled indexes (DMFS and dmfs) at age 12-13 years. Poisson regression models were used to analyse the association between UPF consumption and dental caries, adjusting for socioeconomic and demographic variables, dental visits and oral hygiene. RESULTS Overall, the daily UPF consumption in frequency, grams and calories was associated with caries. The findings were consistent for UPF consumption for all six food groups. The higher the UPF consumption, the higher the probability of having caries in adolescence. The associations between ultra-processed meats and fats, and fast food and instant noodles intake with dental caries alert to the cariogenic potential of such UPF foods. CONCLUSION Ultra-processed food consumption was associated with greater caries burdens in young adolescents. The findings reinforce the need for interventions and public policies to reduce UPF consumption in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Santos Dos Vaz
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Foods, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marcos Britto Correa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iná da Silva Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Andreia Morales Cascaes
- Department of Public Health, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Petre GC, Francini-Pesenti F, Di Nisio A, De Toni L, Grande G, Mingardi A, Cusmano A, Spinella P, Ferlin A, Garolla A. Observational Cross-Sectional Study on Mediterranean Diet and Sperm Parameters. Nutrients 2023; 15:4989. [PMID: 38068847 PMCID: PMC10707842 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility, affecting 15 to 25% of couples in the most developed countries, is recognized by the World Health Organization as a public health issue at a global level. Different causes are acknowledged to reduce fertility in both sexes. In particular, about 40-50% of cases recognize a male factor. Dietary habits and lifestyle are acknowledged to influence sperm quality and are therefore important modifiable factors in male reproductive health. Conditions such as overweight/obesity, impaired glucose metabolism and determinants of metabolic syndrome, together with unhealthy lifestyle behavior, i.e., smoking cigarettes and physical inactivity, are suggested to have a negative impact on male fertility. While individual elements and characteristics of the Western diet and habits are considered risk factors for male infertility, the Mediterranean diet (MD) seems to promote reproductive potential for improving sperm quality. It is also interesting to note that previous observational studies reported a positive correlation between the consumption of the single food classes of the MD pattern (i.e., vegetables and fruits, poultry, fish and seafood, whole grains, low-fat dairy products) and the quality of several sperm parameters. To evaluate the relationship between sperm parameters and MD adherence, we performed a cross-sectional study on the seminal data of 300 males (mean age 34.6 ± 9.1 years) who spontaneously referred to our center of reproductive medicine. The evaluation of adherence to MD was performed with a validated 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire. Our findings showed that sperm parameters such as sperm count, motility, viability and normal morphology are significantly and positively correlated with MEDAS, independently of BMI and age. In addition, the application of an ROC curve on MEDAS value vs. seminal alterations identified 6.25 as the score threshold value below which altered sperm parameters were more likely to occur [AUC = 0.096 (CI: 0.059-0.133; p < 0.00)]. Therefore, adhering to the MD with at least a MEDAS score of 6.26 increases the probability of normozoospermia. Moreover, subjects who had a MEDAS value lower than 6.25 had an Odds Ratio of 6.28 (CI = 3.967-9.945) for having at least one altered sperm parameter compared to those who were more adherent to the MD. In conclusion, our findings show that a higher adherence to the MD is associated with better semen parameters, in particular in relation to sperm count, sperm concentration, typical sperm morphology, and sperm progressive motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cosmin Petre
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.C.P.); (A.D.N.); (L.D.T.); (G.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Francesco Francini-Pesenti
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (F.F.-P.); (A.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Andrea Di Nisio
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.C.P.); (A.D.N.); (L.D.T.); (G.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Luca De Toni
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.C.P.); (A.D.N.); (L.D.T.); (G.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Grande
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.C.P.); (A.D.N.); (L.D.T.); (G.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Asia Mingardi
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.C.P.); (A.D.N.); (L.D.T.); (G.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Arianna Cusmano
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (F.F.-P.); (A.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Paolo Spinella
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (F.F.-P.); (A.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.C.P.); (A.D.N.); (L.D.T.); (G.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrea Garolla
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.C.P.); (A.D.N.); (L.D.T.); (G.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.)
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15
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McKevitt S, White M, Petticrew M, Summerbell C, Vasiljevic M, Boyland E, Cummins S, Laverty AA, Millett C, de Vocht F, Junghans C, Vamos EP. Characterizing restrictions on commercial advertising and sponsorship of harmful commodities in local government policies: a nationwide study in England. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:878-887. [PMID: 37608490 PMCID: PMC10687598 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commercial advertising and sponsorship drive the consumption of harmful commodities. Local authorities (LAs) have considerable powers to reduce such exposures. This study aimed to characterize local commercial policies across all English LAs. METHODS We conducted a census of all English LAs (n = 333) to identify local commercial policies concerning advertising and sponsorship of tobacco, alcohol, less healthy foods and gambling, through online searches and Freedom of Information requests. We explored policy presence, commodity frequency and type, and associations with LA characteristics (region, urban/rural and deprivation). RESULTS Only a third (106) of LAs in England had a relevant policy (32%). These included restrictions on tobacco (91%), gambling (79%), alcohol (74%) and/or less healthy foods (24%). Policy prevalence was lowest in the East of England (22%), North East (25%) and North West (27%), higher in urban areas (36%) than rural areas (28%) and lower in the least (27%) compared with the most (38%) deprived areas. Definitions in policies varied, particularly for alcohol and less healthy foods. CONCLUSIONS English LAs currently underutilize their levers to reduce the negative impacts of harmful commodity industry marketing, particularly concerning less healthy foods. Standardized guidance, including clarity on definitions and application, could inform local policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McKevitt
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martin White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Carolyn Summerbell
- Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Fuse, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Milica Vasiljevic
- Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Fuse, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Emma Boyland
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven Cummins
- Population Health Innovation Lab, Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anthony A Laverty
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Millett
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Frank de Vocht
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Northwest London (NIHR ARC), London, UK
| | - Cornelia Junghans
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Northwest London (NIHR ARC), London, UK
| | - Eszter P Vamos
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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16
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O'Connor LE, Higgins KA, Smiljanec K, Bergia R, Brown AW, Baer D, Davis C, Ferruzzi MG, Miller K, Rowe S, Rueda JMW, Andres A, Cash SB, Coupland J, Crimmins M, Fiecke C, Forde CG, Fukagawa NK, Hall KD, Hamaker B, Herrick KA, Hess JM, Heuven LA, Juul F, Malcomson FC, Martinez-Steele E, Mattes RD, Messina M, Mitchell A, Zhang FF. Perspective: A Research Roadmap about Ultra-Processed Foods and Human Health for the United States Food System: Proceedings from an Interdisciplinary, Multi-Stakeholder Workshop. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1255-1269. [PMID: 37722488 PMCID: PMC10721509 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to convene interdisciplinary experts from government, academia, and industry to develop a Research Roadmap to identify research priorities about processed food intake and risk for obesity and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) among United States populations. We convened attendees at various career stages with diverse viewpoints in the field. We held a "Food Processing Primer" to build foundational knowledge of how and why foods are processed, followed by presentations about how processed foods may affect energy intake, obesity, and CMD risk. Breakout groups discussed potential mechanistic and confounding explanations for associations between processed foods and obesity and CMD risk. Facilitators created research questions (RQs) based on key themes from discussions. Different breakout groups convened to discuss what is known and unknown for each RQ and to develop sub-RQs to address gaps. Workshop attendees focused on ultra-processed foods (UPFs; Nova Group 4) because the preponderance of evidence is based on this classification system. Yet, heterogeneity and subjectivity in UPF classification was a challenge for RQ development. The 6 RQs were: 1) What objective methods or measures could further categorize UPFs, considering food processing, formulation, and the interaction of the two? 2) How can exposure assessment of UPF intake be improved? 3) Does UPF intake influence risk for obesity or CMDs, independent of diet quality? 4) What, if any, attributes of UPFs influence ingestive behavior and contribute to excess energy intake? 5) What, if any, attributes of UPFs contribute to clinically meaningful metabolic responses? 6) What, if any, external environmental factors lead people to consume high amounts of UPFs? Uncertainty and complexity around UPF intake warrant further complementary and interdisciplinary causal, mechanistic, and methodological research related to obesity and CMD risk to understand the utility of applying classification by degree of processing to foods in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E O'Connor
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States.
| | - Kelly A Higgins
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | | | - Robert Bergia
- Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Decatur, IL, United States
| | - Andrew W Brown
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - David Baer
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Cindy Davis
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Kevin Miller
- Bell Institute of Health & Nutrition, General Mills, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | | | - Aline Andres
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Sean B Cash
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John Coupland
- Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Meghan Crimmins
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Chelsey Fiecke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Ciarán G Forde
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi K Fukagawa
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Kevin D Hall
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bruce Hamaker
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kirsten A Herrick
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Julie M Hess
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Lise Aj Heuven
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Filippa Juul
- New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | - Mark Messina
- Soy Nutrition Institute Global, Pittsfield, MA, United States
| | - Alyson Mitchell
- Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, CA, United States
| | - Fang Fang Zhang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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17
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Hussain BM, Juul F, Deierlein AL, Parekh N. Ultra-processed food intake among South Asians in the United States: Specific vulnerabilities of a growing immigrant population group. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad126. [PMID: 37862438 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
South Asians are among the fastest growing immigrant population groups in the United States. Their traditional diets are rich in minimally processed fruits, vegetables, grains, herbs, and spices. However, the proliferation of ultra-processed foods (highly processed, industrially manufactured formulations) around the globe may compromise the nutrition profile of South Asians, threatening to increase their risk of noncommunicable diseases. This commentary discusses the rise in ultra-processed food consumption among South Asians in the United States and hypothesizes that South Asians may be especially vulnerable to the effects of ultra-processed foods due to their unique cardiovascular disease risk profiles. Using these emerging data, we propose several strategies for preventing the overconsumption of ultra-processed foods among South Asian Americans. These include the implementation of policies to encourage the consumption of whole foods over ultra-processed foods and the development of culturally tailored interventions, which include promoting consumption of traditional diets, improving affordability of healthful, culturally appropriate foods, and cultivating healthier food environments for South Asians living in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Murphy Hussain
- Public Health Program, Marion Peckham Egan School of Nursing and Health Studies, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, USA
| | - Filippa Juul
- Department of Public Health Policy and Management, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea L Deierlein
- Public Health Nutrition Program, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niyati Parekh
- Public Health Nutrition Program, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Kabasakal Cetin A. Chronotype is associated with addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food intake among undergraduate students. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1435-1443. [PMID: 37818640 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2267677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between chronotype and addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food consumption among undergraduate students. Specific and validated scales were used in order to evaluate chronotype, addiction-like eating behavior and mindful eating (N = 605). Dietary intake was determined by food frequency questionnaire and percentage energy from ultra-processed food was calculated. Self-reported weights and heights were obtained from the participants. Mean scores of scales, social jetlag, energy intake, ultra-processed food intake and BMI were compared by chronotypes. Associations between chronotype, addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating, ultra-processed food consumption and BMI were determined by Pearson's test. The relationships between chronotype and addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food intake were assessed by linear regression models and adjusted for sex, BMI, energy intake, season, smoking and alcohol consumption. Evening-type participants had higher scores of social jetlag (2.01 ± 0.09), appetitive drive (26.02 ± 0.63), low dietary control (20.50 ± 0.41), addiction-like eating behavior (46.52 ± 0.85), lower scores of recognition (21.91 ± 0.43) and higher percentage energy from ultra-processed food (32.24 ± 1.26%). Chronotype score showed negative associations with addiction like eating behavior (β=-0.247, p < 0.001) and ultra-processed food consumption (β=-0.247, p < 0.001), and a positive association with recognition (β = 0.124, p < 0.001). Results suggest that chronotype is inversely associated with addiction-like eating behavior and ultra-processed food consumption, and positively associated with mindful eating among undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Kabasakal Cetin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Tan LJ, Hwang SB, Shin S. The Longitudinal Effect of Ultra-Processed Food on the Development of Dyslipidemia/Obesity as Assessed by the NOVA System and Food Compass Score. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300003. [PMID: 37650269 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Ultra-processing food (UPF) has been a nutrition and health interest. This study is aimed to investigate the association between UPF consumption and the risk of obesity or dyslipidemia. METHODS AND RESULTS This study is performed using an ongoing cohort study including 17 310 individuals aged ≥40 years in South Korea. UPF is categorized by the NOVA system and FCS, respectively. After an average 5-year follow-up, there is a positive association between NOVA-defined UPF and dyslipidemia. The risk of the Q4 group is almost 20% higher than that of the Q1 group (men, adjusted HR = 1.209 [95% CI 1.039-1.407], women, adjusted HR = 1.195 [95% CI 1.096-1.303]). Consuming high-FCS foods (less processed and healthier foods) show a lower risk for dyslipidemia in both sexes and lower obesity risk in women compared to low-FCS consumption (men, dyslipidemia, adjusted HR = 0.857 [95% CI 0.744-0.988]; women, dyslipidemia, adjusted HR = 0.919 [95% CI 0.850-0.993], obesity, adjusted HR = 0.759 [95% CI 0.628-0.916]). CONCLUSION Higher UPF intakes assessed by the NOVA system and FCS are associated with increased incidences of dyslipidemia and obesity. Furthermore, NOVA-defined UPF shows a statistically significant negative association with AMED score, indicating poor diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Tan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, South Korea
| | - Su Bin Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, South Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, South Korea
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20
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Sawalha K, Tripathi V, Alkhatib D, Alalawi L, Mahmood A, Alexander T. Our Hidden Enemy: Ultra-Processed Foods, Inflammation, and the Battle for Heart Health. Cureus 2023; 15:e47484. [PMID: 38022349 PMCID: PMC10663139 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, we have witnessed unprecedented growth in new data that has fundamentally changed our traditional understanding of the progression of atherosclerotic plaques, as well as our strategies for preventing cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis. It was once believed that atherosclerosis was primarily caused by abnormal lipid buildup in the vessel intima, leading to plaque growth and luminal stenosis, with or without rupture. This perspective has now evolved to encompass more complex pathways, wherein the accumulation of abnormal products of oxidation and inflammation are the most likely factors mediating the growth of atherosclerotic plaques. The review aims to provide a comprehensive and detailed exploration of the relationship between ultra-processed foods, chronic inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, insulin resistance, and the role of the gut microbiota. It touches on several important aspects of modern diet and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Sawalha
- Department of Cardiometabolic Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Vyomesh Tripathi
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Deya Alkhatib
- Department of Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Luay Alalawi
- Department of Cardiology, Corpus Christi Medical Center Bay Area, Corpus Christi , USA
| | - Ahmed Mahmood
- Department of Cardiology, Corpus Christi Medical Center Bay Area, Corpus Christi , USA
| | - Thomas Alexander
- Department of Cardiology, Corpus Christi Medical Center Bay Area, Corpus Christi, USA
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21
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Cediel G, Mendonça RDD, Meireles AL, Leite MA, Gombi-Vaca MF, Rauber F. Editorial: Ultra-processed foods and human and planetary health. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1297262. [PMID: 37841412 PMCID: PMC10570797 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1297262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cediel
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Raquel de Deus Mendonça
- Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, School of Nutrition, University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Research and Teaching Group in Nutrition and Public Health, Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lúcia Meireles
- Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, School of Nutrition, University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Research and Teaching Group in Nutrition and Public Health, Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Alvim Leite
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria F. Gombi-Vaca
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Fernanda Rauber
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Hou M, Qiu C. Ultra-Processed Food as Mediator of the Association between Birthweight and Childhood Body Weight Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4178. [PMID: 37836460 PMCID: PMC10574691 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown conflicting findings regarding the association between birthweight and childhood adiposity. We aimed to explore the interaction between ultra-processed food (UPF) and birthweight and its associations with bodyweight markers. The retrospective analysis of data from a Multicity Cohort Study across eastern China was conducted. UPF was computed as percentage of the energy intake and categorized into quartiles. Birthweight was categorized into low (LBW), normal (NBW) and high (HBW). The BMI z-score was calculated using the lambda-mu-sigma method. The sex- and age-specific BMI cutoff points were used to define weight status. Generalized linear models were used to examine modification effects and were performed after adjustment for covariates. The mean percentage of energy intake from UPF was 27.7% among 1370 children. Of all children, 2.3% and 21.4% were born with LBW and HBW, respectively. HBW was a permanent risk for high BMI measures, while LBW was associated with increased BMI measurements only by the addition of the interaction term. The subgroup analysis revealed that HBW and LBW were positively associated with BMI measurements in the lowest UPF intake (Q1), while HBW was related to high BMI measures in Q4. Our findings support efforts to recommend limiting UPF intake, especially for LBW children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hou
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chao Qiu
- College of Humanities, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
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23
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Marconi S, Covolo L, Marullo M, Zanini B, Viola GCV, Gelatti U, Maroldi R, Latronico N, Castellano M. Cooking Skills, Eating Habits and Nutrition Knowledge among Italian Adolescents during COVID-19 Pandemic: Sub-Analysis from the Online Survey COALESCENT (Change amOng ItAlian adoLESCENTs). Nutrients 2023; 15:4143. [PMID: 37836426 PMCID: PMC10574383 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cooking skills (CS) have the potential to improve self-care behaviours and healthy development among adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected lifestyles worldwide, and the present study aims to investigate the level of CS after the pandemic, as well as its associations with nutrition knowledge and eating behaviours among a cohort of Italian adolescents. METHODS We submitted an online survey about lifestyle changes to students aged 13-21 years during the pandemic. Based on overall culinary abilities, we divided respondents into high, medium and low CS. Worsening or improvement in diet quality was detected by assigning an eating habit index (EHI; 0-54). RESULTS Out of the 1686 questionnaires collected, 21.5%, 63.6% and 14.9% reported high, medium and low CS, respectively. The EHI scores were statistically higher among students who were able to cook more than 20 recipes compared to those reporting no cooking abilities (30.2 ± 5.9 vs. 26.6 ± 5.7; p = 0.0001). High CS significantly correlated with better EHI (OR 1.44; p = 0.009), lower consumption of ultra-processed food (OR 1.80; p < 0.0001) and better nutrition knowledge (OR 1.42; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with good CS showed better nutrition knowledge and healthier eating habits, including lower consumption of ultra-processed foods. Projects aimed to improve CS in adolescents can therefore promote healthier development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marconi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (B.Z.); (G.C.V.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Loredana Covolo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.C.); (U.G.); (R.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Monica Marullo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (B.Z.); (G.C.V.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Barbara Zanini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (B.Z.); (G.C.V.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Gaia Claudia Viviana Viola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (B.Z.); (G.C.V.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Umberto Gelatti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.C.); (U.G.); (R.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Roberto Maroldi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.C.); (U.G.); (R.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Nicola Latronico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.C.); (U.G.); (R.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Maurizio Castellano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (B.Z.); (G.C.V.V.); (M.C.)
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Hall KD. From dearth to excess: the rise of obesity in an ultra-processed food system. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220214. [PMID: 37482782 PMCID: PMC10363698 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
More people now have obesity than suffer from starvation thanks to our modern food system. Agriculture was transformed over the 20th century by a variety of technological advancements that relied heavily on fossil fuels. In the United States, government policies and economic incentives led to surplus production of cheap inputs to processed food industries that produced a wide variety of heavily marketed, convenient, rewarding, timesaving, and relatively inexpensive ultra-processed foods. The energy available in the food supply increased by much more than the population needs, albeit with large inequities in nutrition security. While most of the rise in per capita food availability during the late 20th and early 21st centuries in the United States resulted in increased food waste, a variety of mechanisms have been proposed by which changes in the increasingly ultra-processed food environment resulted in excess energy intake disproportionately in people genetically susceptible to obesity. As populations continue to grow, substantial investments in coordinated nutrition and agricultural research are needed to transform our current food system to one that relies less on fossil fuels, preserves biodiversity, ensures environmental health, and provides equitable access to affordable, safe and nutritious food that reduces the prevalence of chronic diet-related diseases like obesity. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Hall
- Integrative Physiology Section Chief, Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12A South Drive, Room 4007, Bethesda, MD 20892-4007, USA
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25
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Shu L, Zhang X, Zhu Q, Lv X, Si C. Association between ultra-processed food consumption and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1250361. [PMID: 37731393 PMCID: PMC10507475 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1250361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Some epidemiological studies have examined the association between consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) and the risk of breast cancer. However, the results were inconsistent. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to examine whether an association exists between high consumption of UPF and breast cancer risk. Methods PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, EBSCO and CNKI databases were systematically searched from inception to May 2023. The summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with UPF consumption and breast cancer were calculated using a random-effects model (DerSimonian-Laird method). Heterogeneity between included studies was examined using the Cochran's Q test and I-square (I2) statistics. Publication bias was studied by visual inspection of funnel plot asymmetry and Begg's and Egger's tests. Results Overall, six articles involving 462,292 participants, were eligible to be included in this study. Compared to the lowest consumption, highest consumption of UPF was related to a higher risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.10; 95%CI: 1.00-1.22, p = 0.056). Besides, the linear dose-response analysis showed that each 10% increment in UPF consumption was related to a 5% higher risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.05; 95%CI: 1.00-1.10, p = 0.048). Subgroup analyses suggested that UPF consumption was positively associated with breast cancer risk in case-control studies (RR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.01-1.26, p = 0.028). Additionally, there was also a significant positive association between UPF consumption and breast cancer risk in the subgroup with sample size<5,000(RR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.02-1.35, p = 0.028). Conclusion Our results indicate that higher consumption of UPF is slightly related to a higher risk of breast cancer. Further studies in particular of large prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shu
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Lv
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caijuan Si
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Donat-Vargas C, Guallar-Castillon P, Nyström J, Larsson SC, Kippler M, Vahter M, Faxén-Irving G, Michaelsson K, Wolk A, Stenvinkel P, Åkesson A. Urinary phosphate is associated with cardiovascular disease incidence. J Intern Med 2023; 294:358-369. [PMID: 37330983 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated phosphate (P) in urine may reflect a high intake of inorganic P salts from food additives. Elevated P in plasma is linked to vascular dysfunction and calcification. OBJECTIVE To explore associations between P in urine as well as in plasma and questionnaire-estimated P intake, and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS We used the Swedish Mammography Cohort-Clinical, a population-based cohort study. At baseline (2004-2009), P was measured in urine and plasma in 1625 women. Dietary P was estimated via a food-frequency questionnaire. Incident CVD was ascertained via register-linkage. Associations were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 164 composite CVD cases occurred (63 myocardial infarctions [MIs] and 101 strokes). Median P (percentiles 5-95) in urine and plasma were 2.4 (1.40-3.79) mmol/mmol creatinine and 1.13 (0.92-1.36) mmol/L, respectively, whereas dietary P intake was 1510 (1148-1918) mg/day. No correlations were observed between urinary and plasma P (r = -0.07) or dietary P (r = 0.10). Urinary P was associated with composite CVD and MI. The hazard ratio of CVD comparing extreme tertiles was 1.57 (95% confidence interval 1.05, 2.35; P trend 0.037)-independently of sodium excretion, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, both P and calcium in plasma, and diuretic use. Association with CVD for plasma P was 1.41 (0.96, 2.07; P trend 0.077). CONCLUSION Higher level of urinary P, likely reflecting a high consumption of highly processed foods, was linked to CVD. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the potential cardiovascular toxicity associated with excessive intake of P beyond nutritional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Donat-Vargas
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Guallar-Castillon
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerd Faxén-Irving
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaelsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Babaei A, Pourmotabbed A, Talebi S, Mehrabani S, Bagheri R, Ghoreishy SM, Amirian P, Zarpoosh M, Mohammadi H, Kermani MAH, Fakhari H, Moradi S. The association of ultra-processed food consumption with adult inflammatory bowel disease risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 4 035 694 participants. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad101. [PMID: 37632227 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT There is an inconsistency between the results obtained from observational studies regarding intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). OBJECTIVES A dose-response meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between UPF intake and the risk of IBD. DATA SOURCES Searches were performed in the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to November 2, 2022. DATA EXTRACTION Data were available from 24 studies including a total of 4 035 694 participants from 20 countries. DATA ANALYSIS Risk ratios for IBD were analyzed by a random-effects model. Outcomes indicated that UPF intake was linked to an increased risk of IBD (relative risk [RR], 1.13; 95%CI, 1.06-1.21; P = 0.001; I2 = 73.2%; n = 59; N = 4 035 694). This association was significant, especially for the risk of Crohn's disease (CD) (RR, 1.19; 95%CI, 1.00-1.41; I2 = 78.2%; P = 0.046; n = 23; N = 2 167 160), unlike the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) (RR = 1.11; 95%CI, 0.99-1.26; P = 0.085; I2 = 60.3%; n = 27; N = 2 167 918). Also, results revealed that each 10% enhancement in daily UPF intake was not related to the risk of IBD (RR, 1.05; 95%CI, 0.98-1.14; P = 0.168; I2 = 31.9%; n = 4) or the risk of UC (RR, 1.01; 95%CI, 0.92-1.11; P = 0.876; I2 = 34.7%; n = 2) in adults. However, results suggested that for every 10% increase in daily UPF intake, there was a 19% increase in the risk of CD (RR, 1.19; 95%CI, 1.01-1.32; P = 0.021; I2 = 0.0%; n = 2) among adults. In addition, the results showed a positive linear relation between UPF intake with CD risk (Pnonlinearity = 0.431; Pdose response = 0.049) but not risk of IBD or UC. CONCLUSION High intake of UPFs was linked with an enhanced IBD risk, a specific risk of CD. However, conducting more observational studies among several ethnicities and using specific tools that accurately assess the amount of UPF consumption, components of UPFs, and food additives may be necessary. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023390258.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Babaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Pourmotabbed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Amirian
- General Practitioner, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahsa Zarpoosh
- General Practitioner, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Fakhari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Luo YS, Ye X, Yin S. Editorial: Endocrine-active substances in food: identification, evaluation, and control. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1252122. [PMID: 37637956 PMCID: PMC10457107 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1252122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Syuan Luo
- College of Public Health, Institute of Food Safety and Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master of Public Health Degree Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Calvo MS, Dunford EK, Uribarri J. Industrial Use of Phosphate Food Additives: A Mechanism Linking Ultra-Processed Food Intake to Cardiorenal Disease Risk? Nutrients 2023; 15:3510. [PMID: 37630701 PMCID: PMC10459924 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) keeps rising, and at the same time, an increasing number of epidemiological studies are linking high rates of consumption of UPF with serious health outcomes, such as cardiovascular disease, in the general population. Many potential mechanisms, either in isolation or in combination, can explain the negative effects of UPF. In this review, we have addressed the potential role of inorganic phosphate additives, commonly added to a wide variety of foods, as factors contributing to the negative effects of UPF on cardiorenal disease. Inorganic phosphates are rapidly and efficiently absorbed, and elevated serum phosphate can lead to negative cardiorenal effects, either directly through tissue/vessel calcification or indirectly through the release of mineral-regulating hormones, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor-23. An association between serum phosphate and cardiovascular and bone disease among patients with chronic kidney disease is well-accepted by nephrologists. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between serum phosphate and dietary phosphate intake and mortality, even in the general American population. The magnitude of the role of inorganic phosphate additives in these associations remains to be determined, and the initial step should be to determine precise estimates of population exposure to inorganic phosphate additives in the food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S. Calvo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Elizabeth K. Dunford
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia;
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings Global School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jaime Uribarri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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Andrade GC, Mais LA, Ricardo CZ, Duran AC, Martins APB. Promotion of ultra-processed foods in Brazil: combined use of claims and promotional features on packaging. Rev Saude Publica 2023; 57:44. [PMID: 37556666 PMCID: PMC10355317 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057004410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the availability of different promotional strategies applied for UPF sales in Brazilian food retailers. METHODS Information available on food packaging was gathered from all packaged products sold in the five largest food retail chains in Brazil in 2017. UPF were identified using the NOVA food classification system. From this sample, data related to promotional characteristics, nutrition claims and health claims were collected and coded using the INFORMAS methodology. Additional claims referring to the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines were also collected. RESULTS This study evaluated the packaging of 2,238 UPF, of which 59.8% presented at least one promotional strategy. Almost one third denoted a simultaneous use of different promotional strategies in the same packaging. Nutrition claims were the most commonly found promotional strategy, followed by health claims and the use of characters. The food subgroups comprising the highest prevalence of promotional strategies on their labels were: noncaloric sweeteners (100.0%), breakfast cereals and granola bars (96.2%), juices, nectars and fruit-flavoured drinks (92.9%), other unsweetened beverages (92.9%), and other sweetened beverages (92.6%). CONCLUSIONS Considering the poor nutritional quality of UPF, the widespread presence of promotional features on their packaging highlights the need for marketing restrictions on this kind of product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Calixto Andrade
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaDepartamento de Medicina PreventivaSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Universidade de São PauloNúcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e SaúdeSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Laís Amaral Mais
- Instituto Brasileiro de Defesa do ConsumidorSão PauloSPBrasilInstituto Brasileiro de Defesa do Consumidor. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Camila Zancheta Ricardo
- Universidade de São PauloNúcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e SaúdeSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Universidad de Chile. Facultad de MecicinaEscola de Salud PúblicaSantiagoChileUniversidad de Chile. Facultad de Mecicina. Escola de Salud Pública. Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Clara Duran
- Universidade de São PauloNúcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e SaúdeSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasNúcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em AlimentaçãoCampinasSPBrasilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas. Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Alimentação. Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Bortoletto Martins
- Universidade de São PauloNúcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e SaúdeSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Instituto Brasileiro de Defesa do ConsumidorSão PauloSPBrasilInstituto Brasileiro de Defesa do Consumidor. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Hess JM, Comeau ME, Casperson S, Slavin JL, Johnson GH, Messina M, Raatz S, Scheett AJ, Bodensteiner A, Palmer DG. Dietary Guidelines Meet NOVA: Developing a Menu for A Healthy Dietary Pattern Using Ultra-Processed Foods. J Nutr 2023; 153:2472-2481. [PMID: 37356502 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A proposed topic for the 2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) Scientific Advisory Committee to address is the relationship between dietary patterns with ultra-processed foods (UPF) and body composition and weight status. Implementing the NOVA system, the most commonly applied framework for determining whether a food is "ultra-processed," in dietary guidance could omit several nutrient-dense foods from recommended healthy diets in the DGA. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this proof-of-concept study was to determine the feasibility of building a menu that aligns with recommendations for a healthy dietary pattern from the 2020 DGA and includes ≥80% kcal from UPF as defined by NOVA. DESIGN To accomplish this objective, we first developed a list of foods that fit NOVA criteria for UPF, fit within dietary patterns in the 2020 DGA, and are commonly consumed by Americans. We then used these foods to develop a 7-d, 2000 kcal menu modeled on MyPyramid sample menus and assessed this menu for nutrient content as well as for diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). RESULTS In the ultra-processed DGA menu that was created, 91% of kcal were from UPF, or NOVA category 4. The HEI-2015 score was 86 out of a possible 100 points. This sample menu did not achieve a perfect score due primarily to excess sodium and an insufficient amount of whole grains. This menu provided adequate amounts of all macro- and micronutrients except vitamin D, vitamin E, and choline. CONCLUSIONS Healthy dietary patterns can include most of their energy from UPF, still receive a high diet quality score, and contain adequate amounts of most macro- and micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Hess
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States.
| | - Madeline E Comeau
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States
| | - Shanon Casperson
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States
| | - Joanne L Slavin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Guy H Johnson
- Johnson Nutrition Solutions, LLC, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mark Messina
- Soy Nutrition Institute Global, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Susan Raatz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Angela J Scheett
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States; University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Anne Bodensteiner
- University of North Dakota, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States
| | - Daniel G Palmer
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States; University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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Quetglas-Llabrés MM, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Bouzas C, Mateos D, Ugarriza L, Gómez C, Tur JA, Sureda A. Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers Are Related to High Intake of Ultra-Processed Food in Old Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1532. [PMID: 37627527 PMCID: PMC10451674 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) worldwide has substantially augmented. Increasing evidence suggests that high UPF consumption is associated with an increase in non-communicable diseases, being overweight, and obesity. The aim of this study was to assess how UPF consumption affects oxidative and inflammatory status in the plasma, neutrophils, and urine of old adults with metabolic syndrome. Participants (n = 92) were classified into two groups according to UPF consumption. Dietary intakes were measured by a validated semi-quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire and UPF consumption was determined according to the NOVA classification system. Low UPF consumers showed higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet than high UPF consumers. A high intake of fiber and a high concentration of polyphenols in urine were also observed in subjects with low UPF consumption. Despite the absence of differences in biochemical profile, oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers showed some significant changes. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were lower in high UPF consumers, whereas myeloperoxidase activity was higher. ROS production in neutrophils stimulated with zymosan was higher in high UPF consumers than in low UPF consumers. Biomarkers such as xanthine oxidase, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-15, and leptin levels were higher in participants with high intake of UPF. No differences were found in malondialdehyde and other inflammatory cytokines. The current study evidenced that MetS participants with high UPF consumption have a more pro-oxidant and inflammatory profile than those with low UPF consumption, despite showing similar blood biochemical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Mateos
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Ugarriza
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Son Espases, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Craig WJ, Messina V, Rowland I, Frankowska A, Bradbury J, Smetana S, Medici E. Plant-Based Dairy Alternatives Contribute to a Healthy and Sustainable Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:3393. [PMID: 37571331 PMCID: PMC10421454 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based foods are increasing in popularity as more and more people are concerned about personal and planetary health. The consumption of plant-based dairy alternatives (PBDAs) has assumed a more significant dietary role in populations shifting to more sustainable eating habits. Plant-based drinks (PBDs) made from soya and other legumes have ample protein levels. PBDs that are appropriately fortified have adequate levels of important vitamins and minerals comparable to dairy milk. For the PBDs examined, the greenhouse gas emissions were diminished by 59-71% per 250 mL, and the land use and eutrophication impact was markedly less than the levels displayed by dairy milk. The water usage for the oat and soya drinks, but not rice drinks, was substantially lower compared to dairy milk. When one substitutes the 250 mL serving of dairy milk allowed within the EAT Lancet Planetary Health Diet for a fortified plant-based drink, we found that the nutritional status is not compromised but the environmental footprint is reduced. Combining a nutrient density score with an environmental index can easily lead to a misclassification of food when the full nutrition profile is not utilized or only a selection of environmental factors is used. Many PBDAs have been categorized as ultra-processed foods (UPFs). Such a classification, with the implied adverse nutritional and health associations, is inconsistent with current findings regarding the nutritional quality of such products and may discourage people from transitioning to a plant-based diet with its health and environmental advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston J Craig
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 93254, USA
| | - Virginia Messina
- Nutrition Consultant, Nutrition Matters, Inc., Pittsfield, MA 01201, USA
| | - Ian Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DH, UK
| | - Angelina Frankowska
- Independent Research Consultant, Environmental Sustainability Assessment, Bedford MK45 4BX, UK
| | - Jane Bradbury
- School of Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK
| | - Sergiy Smetana
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.v.), 49610 Quakenbrueck, Germany
| | - Elphee Medici
- Nutrition & Sustainable Diets Consultant, Nutrilicious Ltd., London N2 0EF, UK
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Shu L, Huang Y, Si C, Zhu Q, Zheng P, Zhang X. Association between ultra-processed food intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1170992. [PMID: 37485395 PMCID: PMC10358360 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1170992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although some epidemiological studies have shown a positive relationship between high intake of ultra-processed food (UPF) and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), the results remain inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between UPF intake and CRC risk. Methods PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wan fang databases were used to search the relevant studies published up to February 2023. The summary relative risks (RRs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by comparing the highest category vs. the lowest category of UPF intake, using the random-effects models (DerSimonian-Laird method). Heterogeneity between studies was explored using the Cochran's Q test and I-square (I2). Publication bias was assessed by examining the funnel plots, and quantified by Begg's or Egger's tests. Results A total of seven articles (three cohort and four case-control studies), involving 18,673 CRC cases and 462,292 participants, were included in our study. Combining nine effect sizes from seven articles, an increased risk of CRC was shown in the highest compared with the lowest category of UPF intake (RR = 1.26; 95%CI:1.14-1.38, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses showed a positive association between UPF intake and CRC risk in case-control studies (RR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.22-1.63, p < 0.0001). When we conducted analyses separately by study area, there was a significant association between UPF intake and CRC risk in developed countries (RR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.11-1.30, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Our results show that high UPF intake is significantly associated with a higher risk of CRC, in the absence, however, of a dose-response association. Further studies in particular of large prospective cohort studies are necessary to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shu
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiqian Huang
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caijuan Si
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peifen Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Dickie S, Woods J, Machado P, Lawrence M. Corrigendum: A novel food processing-based nutrition classification scheme for guiding policy actions applied to the Australian food supply. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1223316. [PMID: 37469549 PMCID: PMC10352982 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1223316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1071356.].
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Costa RM, Bezerra IWL, Souza AM, Torres KG, Pereira GS, Morais CMM, Oliveira AG. Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in Diet Associated with the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods: A Survey on a Representative Sample of Manufacturing Workers in Brazil. Nutrients 2023; 15:3009. [PMID: 37447335 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing intake of ultra-processed (UP) foods is causing changes in the profile of food and nutrient consumption, negatively influencing consumer behavior. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of UP foods on the diet of Brazilian adults, verifying the association between its increasing contribution to total energy and trends in the consumption of other NOVA groups, food subgroups, energy consumption, and macro- and micronutrients. We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study of a probability sample of 921 manufacturing workers in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, from a combined stratified and two-stage survey. Trends in consumption across quintiles of UP food contribution to the total energy intake were tested with linear regression. The results showed that higher UP food consumption is associated with a higher intake of energy, carbohydrates and total-, mono- and polyunsaturated fats, saturated fats and trans fats, and the micronutrients calcium, iron and thiamine; and higher consumption of ready-to-eat foods, accompanied by lower consumption of foods that require preparation, such as beans, tubers and roots, vegetables and fruits, which may represent a risk for the development of non-transmissible chronic diseases in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiane M Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Ingrid W L Bezerra
- Nutrition Department, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Anissa M Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Karina G Torres
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Célia M M Morais
- Nutrition Department, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Oliveira
- Pharmacy Department, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
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Ansari S, Mohammadifard N, Haghighatdoost F, Zarepur E, Mahmoudi S, Nouri F, Nouhi F, Alikhasi H, Sharifianjazi F, Tavamaishvili K, Shirani S, Kazemi T, Azdaki N, Salehi N, Lotfizadeh M, Solati K, Ghaffari S, Javanmardi E, Salari A, Dehghani M, Cheraghi M, Assareh A, Haybar H, Namayandeh SM, Madadi R, Sarrafzadegan N. The relationship between ultra processed food consumption and premature coronary artery disease: Iran premature coronary artery disease study (IPAD). Front Nutr 2023; 10:1145762. [PMID: 37476400 PMCID: PMC10354702 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1145762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption may affect the risk of PCAD through affecting cardio metabolic risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the association between UPFs consumption and premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). Methods A case-control study was conducted on 2,354 Iranian adults (≥ 19 years). Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 110-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and foods were classified based on the NOVA system, which groups all foods according to the nature, extent and purposes of the industrial processes they undergo. PCAD was defined as having an stenosis of at least single coronary artery equal and above 75% or left main coronary of equal or more than 50% in women less than 70 and men less than 60 years, determined by angiography. The odds of PCAD across the tertiles of UPFs consumption were assessed by binary logistic regression. Results After adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the top tertile of UPFs were twice as likely to have PCAD compared with those in the bottom tertile (OR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.97-3.23). Moreover, those in the highest tertile of the UPFs consumption had more than two times higher risk for having severe PCAD than those in the first tertile (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 2.16-3.22). In addition, there was a significant upward trend in PCAD risk and PCAD severity as tertiles increased (P-trend < 0.001 for all models). Conclusion Higher consumption of UPFs was related to increased risk of PCAD and higher chance of having severe PCAD in Iranian adults. Although, future cohort studies are needed to confirm the results of this study, these findings indicated the necessity of reducing UPFs intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Ansari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zarepur
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Medicine School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Mahmoudi
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereidoon Nouhi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Alikhasi
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Shahin Shirani
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Dr Ali Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Kazemi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nahid Azdaki
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nahid Salehi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Lotfizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Kamal Solati
- Department of Psychiatry, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elmira Javanmardi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Arsalan Salari
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mostafa Dehghani
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Cheraghi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Assareh
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Habib Haybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh M. Namayandeh
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
- Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Reza Madadi
- Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Via E, Contreras-Rodríguez O. Binge-Eating Precursors in Children and Adolescents: Neurodevelopment, and the Potential Contribution of Ultra-Processed Foods. Nutrients 2023; 15:2994. [PMID: 37447320 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a highly prevalent disorder. Subthreshold BED conditions (sBED) are even more frequent in youth, but their significance regarding BED etiology and long-term prognosis is unclear. A better understanding of brain findings associated with BED and sBED, in the context of critical periods for neurodevelopment, is relevant to answer such questions. The present narrative review starts from the knowledge of the development of emotional self-regulation in youth, and the brain circuits supporting emotion-regulation and eating behaviour. Next, neuroimaging studies with sBED and BED samples will be reviewed, and their brain-circuitry overlap will be examined. Deficits in inhibition control systems are observed to precede, and hyperactivity of reward regions to characterize, sBED, with overlapping findings in BED. The imbalance between reward/inhibition systems, and the implication of interoception/homeostatic processing brain systems should be further examined. Recent knowledge of the potential impact that the high consumption of ultra-processed foods in paediatric samples may have on these sBED/BED-associated brain systems is then discussed. There is a need to identify, early on, those sBED individuals at risk of developing BED at neurodevelopmental stages when there is a great possibility of prevention. However, more neuroimaging studies with sBED/BED pediatric samples are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Via
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Oren Contreras-Rodríguez
- Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt, 17190 Girona, Spain
- Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII) and CIBERSAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Shu L, Zhang X, Zhou J, Zhu Q, Si C. Ultra-processed food consumption and increased risk of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1211797. [PMID: 37360294 PMCID: PMC10288143 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1211797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although higher consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) has been linked to a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the results remain controversial. Herein, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to clarify the relationship between UPF consumption defined by the NOVA framework and risk of MetS. Methods An extensive literature search on PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EBSCO and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases was conducted to search for the relevant articles published priori to January 2023, and newly published articles between January 2023 and March 2023 were re-searched. Random-effects or fixed-effects models were adopted to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The between-study heterogeneity was explored using the Cochran's Q test and I-square (I2). Publication bias was investigated using the visual inspection of asymmetry in funnel plots and Begg's and Egger's tests. Results Nine studies (six cross-sectional and three prospective cohort studies) totaling 23,500 participants with 6,192 MetS cases were included in the final analysis. The pooled effect size for the highest vs. lowest categories of UPF consumption indicated a positive association with the risk of MetS (RR: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.09-1.42, P < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses revealed a positive association between consumption of UPF and MetS risk in cross-sectional studies (RR: 1.47, 95%CI: 1.16-1.87, P = 0.002), and no significant association in cohort studies (RR: 1.10, 95%CI: 0.96-1.27, P = 0.104), respectively. In addition, a more significant association between UPF consumption and increased risk of MetS was found in the subgroups of study quality <7 (RR: 2.22; 95%CI: 1.28-3.84, P = 0.004) than study quality ≥7 (RR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.06-1.36, P = 0.005). Similarly, when we performed analyses separately by sample size, there was a significant association between UPF consumption and MetS risk in sample size ≥5,000 (RR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.11-1.27, P < 0.0001), and in sample size <5,000 (RR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.08-1.90, P = 0.013), respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggest that higher consumption of UPF is significantly associated with an increased risk of MetS. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the effect of UPF consumption on MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shu
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caijuan Si
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Dhammawati F, Fagerberg P, Diou C, Mavrouli I, Koukoula E, Lekka E, Stefanopoulos L, Maglaveras N, Heimeier R, Karavidopoulou Y, Ioakimidis I. Ultra-Processed Food vs. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Greek and Swedish Students. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102321. [PMID: 37242204 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted children's lifestyles, including dietary behaviors. Of particular concern among these behaviors is the heightened prevalence of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, which has been linked to the development of obesity and related non-communicable diseases. The present study examines the changes in (1) UPF and (2) vegetable and/or fruit consumption among school-aged children in Greece and Sweden before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The analyzed dataset consisted of main meal pictures (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) captured by 226 Greek students (94 before the pandemic and 132 during the pandemic) and 421 Swedish students (293 before and 128 during the pandemic), aged 9-18, who voluntarily reported their meals using a mobile application. The meal pictures were collected over four-month periods over two consecutive years; namely, between the 20th of August and the 20th of December in 2019 (before the COVID-19 outbreak) and the same period in 2020 (during the COVID-19 outbreak). The collected pictures were annotated manually by a trained nutritionist. A chi-square test was performed to evaluate the differences in proportions before versus during the pandemic. RESULTS In total, 10,770 pictures were collected, including 6474 pictures from before the pandemic and 4296 pictures collected during the pandemic. Out of those, 86 pictures were excluded due to poor image quality, and 10,684 pictures were included in the final analyses (4267 pictures from Greece and 6417 pictures from Sweden). The proportion of UPF significantly decreased during vs. before the pandemic in both populations (50% vs. 46%, p = 0.010 in Greece, and 71% vs. 66%, p < 0.001 in Sweden), while the proportion of vegetables and/or fruits significantly increased in both cases (28% vs. 35%, p < 0.001 in Greece, and 38% vs. 42%, p = 0.019 in Sweden). There was a proportional increase in meal pictures containing UPF among boys in both countries. In Greece, both genders showed an increase in vegetables and/or fruits, whereas, in Sweden, the increase in fruit and/or vegetable consumption was solely observed among boys. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of UPF in the Greek and Swedish students' main meals decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic vs. before the pandemic, while the proportion of main meals with vegetables and/or fruits increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friska Dhammawati
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition Across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Fagerberg
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition Across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christos Diou
- Department of Informatics and Telematics, Harokopio University of Athens, 177 78 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Mavrouli
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition Across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Eirini Lekka
- 2nd Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dept, Center of Woman Digital Health, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Leandros Stefanopoulos
- 2nd Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dept, Center of Woman Digital Health, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Image and Video Processing Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nicos Maglaveras
- 2nd Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dept, Center of Woman Digital Health, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Youla Karavidopoulou
- Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ioakimidis
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition Across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
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Henney AE, Gillespie CS, Alam U, Hydes TJ, Cuthbertson DJ. Ultra-Processed Food Intake Is Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102266. [PMID: 37242149 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with overweight/obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to chronic caloric excess and physical inactivity. Previous meta-analyses have confirmed associations between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and obesity and T2D. We aim to ascertain the contribution of UPF consumption to the risk of developing NAFLD. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO (CRD42022368763)). All records registered on Ovid Medline and Web of Science were searched from inception until December 2022. Studies that assessed UPF consumption in adults, determined according to the NOVA food classification system, and that reported NAFLD determined by surrogate (steatosis) scores, imaging or liver biopsy were included. The association between UPF consumption and NAFLD was assessed using random-effects meta-analysis methods. Study quality was assessed, and evidence credibility evaluated, using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and NutriGrade systems, respectively. A total of 5454 records were screened, and 112 records underwent full text review. From these, 9 studies (3 cross-sectional, 3 case-control and 3 cohort), analysing 60,961 individuals, were included in the current review. Both moderate (vs. low) (pooled relative risk 1.03 (1.00-1.07) (p = 0.04) (I2 = 0%)) and high (vs. low) (1.42 (1.16-1.75) (<0.01) (I2 = 89%)) intake of UPF significantly increased the risk of NAFLD. Funnel plots demonstrate low risk of publication bias. Consumption of UPF is associated with NAFLD with a dose-response effect. Public health measures to reduce overconsumption of UPF are imperative to reduce the burden of NAFLD, and the related conditions, obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Henney
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
- Metabolism & Nutrition Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Conor S Gillespie
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Uazman Alam
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
- Metabolism & Nutrition Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Theresa J Hydes
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Daniel J Cuthbertson
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
- Metabolism & Nutrition Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
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Hobkirk JP, Aubert G, Bomer N. Editorial: Micro- and macronutrient malnutrition in cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1191982. [PMID: 37229225 PMCID: PMC10203897 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1191982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Hobkirk
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - G. Aubert
- Division of Cardiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- CSL Vifor, Glattbrugg, Switzerland
| | - N. Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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43
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Lee S, Choi M. Ultra-Processed Food Intakes Are Associated with Depression in the General Population: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrients 2023; 15:2169. [PMID: 37432323 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is the most common mental illnesses worldwide. The consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) has increased globally due to its affordability and convenience; however, only a few studies have investigated the link between UPF intake and depression in the general population. We investigated the associations between UPF and depression using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 9463 individuals (4200 males and 5263 females) aged above 19 years old participated in this study. The prevalence of depression was identified using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Dietary intake was assessed through a 24-h recall interview. The percentage of energy from UPFs was ascertained based on the NOVA classification. The associations between the quartile ranges of UPF intake and depression were estimated using logistic regression models. Individuals in the highest quartile had a 1.40 times higher likelihood of having depression, with marginal significance (95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.00-1.96). In a sex-specific stratification, only females demonstrated a significant association (odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% CI 1.04-2.21), even after adjusting for confounders (p-value for trend = 0.023). Our findings revealed a significant association between higher UPF intake and depression among females but not among males in the Korean general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25949, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjin Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25949, Republic of Korea
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Calcaterra V, Cena H, Rossi V, Santero S, Bianchi A, Zuccotti G. Ultra-Processed Food, Reward System and Childhood Obesity. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:children10050804. [PMID: 37238352 DOI: 10.3390/children10050804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are a major public health problem globally. Diet quality is critical for proper child development, and an unhealthy diet is a preventable risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in childhood may increase the BMI/BMI z-score, body fat percentage, or likelihood of overweight. A strict feeding regulation system allows for sufficient food to be consumed to meet ongoing metabolic demands while avoiding overconsumption. This narrative review explores the issues of obesity and the regulation of food intake related to reward systems and UPF consumption. Nutrient composition alone cannot explain the influence of UPFs on the risk of obesity. Furthermore, the non-nutritional properties of UPFs may explain the mechanisms underlying the relationship with obesity and NCDs. UPFs are designed to be highly palatable, appealing, and energy dense with a unique combination of the main taste enhancer ingredients to generate a strong rewarding stimulus and influence the circuits related to feeding facilitation. How individual UPF ingredients influence eating behavior and reward processes remains not fully elucidated. To increase the knowledge on the relationship between UPFs and pediatric obesity, it may be useful to limit the rapid growth in the prevalence of obesity and subsequent related complications, and to develop new strategies for appropriate food and nutrition policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, General Medicine, Istituti Clinici Salvatore Maugeri Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Sscientifico, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Santero
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Bianchi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
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45
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Gearhardt AN, DiFeliceantonio AG. The risks of misclassifying addictive food substances as non-addictive. Addiction 2023; 118:605-606. [PMID: 36750376 DOI: 10.1111/add.16140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra G DiFeliceantonio
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA.,Department of Human, Nutrition Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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46
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Pereyra-González I, Mattei J. Combined intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and sugar-containing ultra-processed foods is associated with an increase in body mass index during early childhood. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13025. [PMID: 36945180 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-containing ultra-processed (SUP) foods and beverages consumption has increased globally in recent years and contributes to the rising global trends of obesity and diet-related chronic non-communicable diseases. However, there are limited longitudinal studies of SUP foods and beverages intake and weight gain in children. OBJECTIVES To examine associations between intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and SUP foods and changes in body mass index during early childhood. METHODS Multistage sampling was used to select a nationally representative sample of Uruguayan children living in urban areas from the 2012-2013 Continuous Household Survey. The sample for this analysis included all children aged 0-3 years 11 months with dietary data in 2013-2014 (wave 1; n = 2611) and in 2015-2016 (wave 2; n = 2383). Multilevel regression modelling tested the association between children's consumption of SSB and SUP foods and change in BMI z-score (BMIz). RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted models, intake of SSB and SUP foods (in combination but not individually) in both waves was positively associated with change in BMIz over 2 years β coefficient: 0.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 0.23). BMIz decreased among non-consumers (β: -0.12, 95% CI: -0.24, -0.00, p = 0.048). Associations were significant for SUP foods but not SSB foods individually. Children consuming ≥2 SSB and SUP foods (vs. <2) at baseline had increased BMIz (p for trend = 0.02). CONCLUSION Early and current intake of SSB and SUP foods and beverages was associated with increases in BMIz in children over 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pereyra-González
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences of the Catholic University of Maule, Curicó, Chile
- Faculty of Health Sciences of the Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Bonaccio M, Ruggiero E, Di Castelnuovo A, Martínez CF, Esposito S, Costanzo S, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Association between Late-Eating Pattern and Higher Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food among Italian Adults: Findings from the INHES Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061497. [PMID: 36986227 PMCID: PMC10058735 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Late eating is reportedly associated with adverse metabolic health, possibly through poor diet quality. We tested the hypothesis that meal timing could also be linked to food processing, an independent predictor of health outcomes. We analysed data on 8688 Italians (aged > 19years) from the Italian Nutrition & HEalth Survey (INHES) established in 2010-2013 throughout Italy. Dietary data were collected through a single 24 h dietary recall, and the NOVA classification was used to categorize foods according to increasing levels of processing: (1) minimally processed foods (e.g., fruits); (2) culinary ingredients (e.g., butter); (3) processed foods (e.g., canned fish); (4) ultra-processed foods (UPFs; e.g., carbonated drinks, processed meat). We then calculated the proportion (%) of each NOVA group on the total weight of food eaten (g/d) by creating a weight ratio. Subjects were classified as early or late eaters based on the population's median timing for breakfast, lunch and dinner. In multivariable-adjusted regression models, late eaters reported a lower intake of minimally processed food (β = -1.23; 95% CI -1.75 to -0.71), a higher intake of UPF (β = 0.93; 0.60 to 1.25) and reduced adherence to a Mediterranean Diet (β = -0.07; -0.12 to -0.03) as compared to early eaters. Future studies are warranted to examine whether increased UPF consumption may underpin the associations of late eating with adverse metabolic health reported in prior cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Emilia Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | | | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
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48
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Su D, Chen J, Du S, Kim H, Yu B, Wong KE, Boerwinkle E, Rebholz CM. Metabolomic Markers of Ultra-Processed Food and Incident CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 18:327-336. [PMID: 36735499 PMCID: PMC10103271 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High ultra-processed food consumption is associated with higher risk of CKD. However, there is no biomarker for ultra-processed food, and the mechanism through which ultra-processed food is associated with CKD is not clear. Metabolomics can provide objective biomarkers of ultra-processed food and provide important insights into the mechanisms by which ultra-processed food is associated with risk of incident CKD. Our objective was to identify serum metabolites associated with ultra-processed food consumption and investigate whether ultra-processed food-associated metabolites are prospectively associated with incident CKD. METHODS We used data from 3751 Black and White men and women (aged 45-64 years) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Dietary intake was assessed using a semiquantitative 66-item food frequency questionnaire, and ultra-processed food was classified using the NOVA classification system. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify the association between 359 metabolites and ultra-processed food consumption. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the prospective association of ultra-processed food-associated metabolites with incident CKD. RESULTS Twelve metabolites (saccharine, homostachydrine, stachydrine, N2, N2-dimethylguanosine, catechol sulfate, caffeine, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, theobromine, docosahexaenoate, glucose, mannose, and bradykinin) were significantly associated with ultra-processed food consumption after controlling for false discovery rate <0.05 and adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, eGFR, and total energy intake. The 12 ultra-processed food-related metabolites significantly improved the prediction of ultra-processed food consumption (difference in C statistics: 0.069, P <1×10 -16 ). Higher levels of mannose, glucose, and N2, N2-dimethylguanosine were associated with higher risk of incident CKD after a median follow-up of 23 years. CONCLUSIONS We identified 12 serum metabolites associated with ultra-processed food consumption and three of them were positively associated with incident CKD. Mannose and N2, N2-dimethylguanosine are novel markers of CKD that may explain observed associations between ultra-processed food and CKD. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2023_03_08_CJN08480722.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghan Su
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shutong Du
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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49
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Giacomello L, Bordignon S, Salm D, Donatello N, Belmonte LA, Bobinski F, Tourinho Dos Santos CF, Traebert JL, Piovezan AP, Martins DF. Effects of the application of a food processing-based classification system in obese women: A randomized controlled pilot study. Nutr Health 2023:2601060231153947. [PMID: 36751033 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231153947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is one of the major public health problems worldwide and contributes to the onset of many diseases, especially the ones related to the metabolic syndrome. The new Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian population bring a new food classification based on food processing and prioritizes the consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods. Aim: This study analyzed the effects of an educational intervention on obese women, on their weight loss, quality of life, components of the metabolic syndrome and pain. Methods: Randomized controlled pilot study, including 40 obese women, randomized into 2 groups: control group and intervention group. An educational intervention with 5 biweekly meetings of 90 min based on the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian population (2014) was carried out involving the intervention group. Parameters related to weight loss, quality of life (SF-36), pain (McGill), bioelectrical impedance analysis, cardiorespiratory fitness, and serum and clinical components of metabolic syndrome, as well as serum concentrations of cytokines were assessed. Results: Significantly decrease of body mass, waist and hip circumferences, basal metabolic rate, extracellular water, body capacitance, and body cell mass were observed in the intervention group after 3 months. Reduction of pain and improvement in quality of life and cardiorespiratory fitness were also observed in the intervention group. There were reductions in waist circumference and glycemia, components of metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: This study showed that the educational intervention can be associated with weight loss, increase in quality of life, reduction of pain, and better metabolic syndrome parameters in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Giacomello
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Brazil
| | - Silvana Bordignon
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daiana Salm
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Donatello
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Belmonte
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Brazil
| | - Franciane Bobinski
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Brazil
| | | | - Jefferson Luiz Traebert
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Anna Paula Piovezan
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fernandes Martins
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Palhoca, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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50
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Sobral PJDA, Lenart A, Dalla Rosa M. Editorial: Classification of foods according to their processing level. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1128477. [PMID: 36814506 PMCID: PMC9939893 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1128477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo José do Amaral Sobral
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil,*Correspondence: Paulo José do Amaral Sobral ✉
| | - Andrzej Lenart
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marco Dalla Rosa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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