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Fong C, Conte M, Zimba R, Carmona J, Gambone G, Baim-Lance A, Robertson M, Irvine M, Nash D. Heterogeneity of provider preferences for HIV Care Coordination Program features: latent class analysis of a discrete choice experiment. HIV Res Clin Pract 2024; 25:2300923. [PMID: 38251822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The PROMISE study assessed revisions designed to facilitate implementation of an HIV care coordination program (CCP) addressing gaps in care and treatment engagement among people living with HIV in New York City (NYC). Through latent class analysis (LCA) of a discrete choice experiment (DCE), we explored heterogeneity of provider preferences regarding CCP features. From January-March 2020, 152 NYC CCP providers completed a DCE with 3-4 levels on each of 4 program attributes: 1) Help with Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), 2) Help with Primary Care Appointments, 3) Help with Issues Other than Primary Care, and 4) Where Program Visits Happen. We used LCA to assess patterns of preference, and choice simulation to estimate providers' endorsement of hypothetical CCPs. LCA identified three subgroups. The two larger subgroups (n = 133) endorsed more intensive individual program features, including directly observed therapy, home visits, and appointment reminders with accompaniment of clients to their appointments. The smallest subgroup (n = 19) endorsed medication reminders only, appointment reminders without accompaniment, and meeting at the program location rather than clients' homes. Choice simulation analysis affirmed the highest degree of endorsement (62%) for hypothetical programs combining the intensive features described above. Results indicated providers' preference for intensive program features and also reinforced the need for flexible service delivery options. Provider perspectives on service delivery approaches can inform program adjustments for successful long-term implementation, which in turn can improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunki Fong
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
| | - Madellena Conte
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Zimba
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Carmona
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Division of Disease Control, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gina Gambone
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abigail Baim-Lance
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - McKaylee Robertson
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Irvine
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denis Nash
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
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2
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Sehtman-Shachar S, Billig PC, Stein A, Kaplan S. The immediate effects of vision-zero corridor upgrades on pedestrian crashes in New York: A before-and-after spatial point process approach. Accid Anal Prev 2024; 200:107531. [PMID: 38492344 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The long-term effects of the Vision-Zero (VZ) approach in Scandinavia are well documented. In contrast, information regarding the immediate effects of VZ at the starting phase upon gradual implementation is scarce. Taking New York City as the case study, we analyzed both the local and global effects of the Vision-Zero gradual implementation on pedestrian crashes in the early stage of implementation starting from 2014. The data analysis comprised 8,165 pedestrian injury crashes. Using location data, the crashes were matched to VZ infrastructure improvement location, start and completion dates. The experimental design included a treatment and two types of control conditions, and we controlled for well-known covariates including traffic exposure, land use, and risk-prone areas. We estimated a Geyer Saturation model and kernel density function for modeling the effect of Vision-Zero on crash intensity and dispersion two years before and after the implementation of Vision-Zero. The results reveal a significant global decrease of 6.1 % (p = 0.004) in pedestrian crash incidence in the treated sections compared with the control group two years after the treatment, and a greater dispersion of pedestrian injuries following the policy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sehtman-Shachar
- Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - P C Billig
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geo-information, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Stein
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - S Kaplan
- The Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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3
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Cui P, Yang X, Abdel-Aty M, Zhang J, Yan X. Advancing urban traffic accident forecasting through sparse spatio-temporal dynamic learning. Accid Anal Prev 2024; 200:107564. [PMID: 38569351 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Traffic accidents have emerged as one of the most public health safety matters, raising concerns from both the public and urban administrators. The ability to accurately predict traffic accident not only supports the governmental decision-making in advance but also enhances public confidence in safety measures. However, the efficacy of traditional spatio-temporal prediction models are compromised by the skewed distributions and sparse labeling of accident data. To this end, we propose a Sparse Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Hypergraph Learning (SST-DHL) framework that captures higher-order dependencies in sparse traffic accidents by combining hypergraph learning and self-supervised learning. The SST-DHL model incorporates a multi-view spatiotemporal convolution block to capture local correlations and semantics of traffic accidents, a cross-regional dynamic hypergraph learning model to identify global spatiotemporal dependencies, and a two-supervised self-learning paradigm to capture both local and global spatiotemporal patterns. Through experimentation on New York City and London accident datasets, we demonstrate that our proposed SST-DHL exhibits significant improvements compared to optimal baseline models at different sparsity levels. Additionally, it offers enhanced interpretability of results by elucidating complex spatio-temporal dependencies among various traffic accident instances. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of the SST-DHL framework in accurately predicting traffic accidents, thereby enhancing public safety and trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cui
- School of System Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaobao Yang
- School of System Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aty
- Department of Civil, Environmental Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States
| | - Jinlei Zhang
- School of System Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xuedong Yan
- School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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4
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Reddam A, Bloomquist TR, Covell LT, Hu H, Oberfield SE, Gallagher D, Miller RL, Goldsmith J, Rundle AG, Baccarelli AA, Herbstman JB, Kupsco A. Inverse associations of cord blood mitochondrial DNA copy number with childhood adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:989-998. [PMID: 38454311 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine associations between umbilical cord mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and adiposity across childhood. METHODS In a prospective birth cohort of Dominican and African American children from New York City, New York (1998-2006), mtDNAcn was measured in cord blood. Children (N = 336) were evaluated for their height, weight, and bioimpedance at age 5, 7, 9, and 11 years. We used linear mixed-effects models to assess associations of mtDNAcn tertiles in cord blood with child BMI, BMI z scores, fat mass index, and body fat percentage. Latent class growth models and interactions between mtDNAcn and child age or child age2 were used to assess associations between age and adiposity trajectories. RESULTS BMI was, on average, 1.5 kg/m2 higher (95% CI: 0.58, 2.5) in individuals with mtDNAcn in the low- compared with the middle-mtDNAcn tertile. Results were similar for BMI z score, fat mass index, and body fat percentage. Moreover, children in the low-mtDNAcn group had increased odds of being in an "increasing" or "high-stable" adiposity class. CONCLUSIONS Lower mtDNAcn at birth may predict greater childhood adiposity, highlighting the potential key role of perinatal mitochondrial function in adiposity during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalekhya Reddam
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tessa R Bloomquist
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lindsey T Covell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Heng Hu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sharon E Oberfield
- Department of Pediatrics, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dympna Gallagher
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeff Goldsmith
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Allison Kupsco
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Mathis AD, Raines K, Masters NB, Filardo TD, Kim G, Crooke SN, Bankamp B, Rota PA, Sugerman DE. Measles - United States, January 1, 2020-March 28, 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024; 73:295-300. [PMID: 38602886 PMCID: PMC11008791 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7314a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Measles is a highly infectious febrile rash illness and was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000. However, measles importations continue to occur, and U.S. measles elimination status was threatened in 2019 as the result of two prolonged outbreaks among undervaccinated communities in New York and New York City. To assess U.S. measles elimination status after the 2019 outbreaks and to provide context to understand more recent increases in measles cases, CDC analyzed epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance data and the performance of the U.S. measles surveillance system after these outbreaks. During January 1, 2020-March 28, 2024, CDC was notified of 338 confirmed measles cases; 97 (29%) of these cases occurred during the first quarter of 2024, representing a more than seventeenfold increase over the mean number of cases reported during the first quarter of 2020-2023. Among the 338 reported cases, the median patient age was 3 years (range = 0-64 years); 309 (91%) patients were unvaccinated or had unknown vaccination status, and 336 case investigations included information on ≥80% of critical surveillance indicators. During 2020-2023, the longest transmission chain lasted 63 days. As of the end of 2023, because of the absence of sustained measles virus transmission for 12 consecutive months in the presence of a well-performing surveillance system, U.S. measles elimination status was maintained. Risk for widespread U.S. measles transmission remains low because of high population immunity. However, because of the increase in cases during the first quarter of 2024, additional activities are needed to increase U.S. routine measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination coverage, especially among close-knit and undervaccinated communities. These activities include encouraging vaccination before international travel and rapidly investigating suspected measles cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria D. Mathis
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Kelley Raines
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Nina B. Masters
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Thomas D. Filardo
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Gimin Kim
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Stephen N. Crooke
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Bettina Bankamp
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Paul A. Rota
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - David E. Sugerman
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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6
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Ghassabian A, Titus AR, Conderino S, Azan A, Weinberger R, Thorpe LE. Beyond traffic jam alleviation: evaluating the health and health equity impacts of New York City's congestion pricing plan. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024; 78:273-276. [PMID: 38195634 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-221639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
New York City (NYC) is slated to be the first jurisdiction in the USA to implement a cordon-based congestion tax, which will be levied on vehicles entering its Central Business District. Several cities around the world, for example, London and Stockholm, have had similar cordon-based pricing programmes, defined as road pricing that charges drivers a fee for entering a specified area (typically a congested urban centre). In addition to reducing congestion and creating revenue, projections suggest the NYC congestion pricing plan may yield meaningful traffic-related air quality improvements that could result in health benefits. NYC is a large city with high air pollution and substantial racial/ethnic and socioeconomic health inequities. The distinct geography and meteorological conditions of the city also suggest that the policy's impact on air quality may extend beyond the NYC metropolitan area. As such, the potential breadth, directionality and magnitude of health impacts on communities who might be heavily affected by the nation's first congestion pricing plan should be empirically investigated. We briefly review evaluation studies of other cordon-based congestion pricing policies and argue that implementation of this policy provides an excellent opportunity to employ a quasi-experimental study design to evaluate the policy's impacts on air quality and health outcomes across population subgroups using a health equity lens. We discuss why real-time evaluations of the NYC congestion pricing plan can potentially help optimise benefits for communities historically negatively affected by traffic-related air pollution. Assessing intended and unintended impacts on health equity is key to achieving these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea R Titus
- Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Conderino
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Azan
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Lorna E Thorpe
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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7
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Rosa MJ, Foppa Pedretti N, Goldson B, Mathews N, Merced-Nieves F, Xhani N, Bosquet Enlow M, Gershon R, Ho E, Huddleston K, Wright RO, Wright RJ, Colicino E. Integrating Data Across Multiple Sites in the Northeastern United States to Examine Associations Between a Prenatal Metal Mixture and Child Cognition. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:606-616. [PMID: 37981721 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We applied a novel hierarchical Bayesian weighted quantile sum (HBWQS) regression to combine data across 3 study sites to examine associations between prenatal exposure to metals and cognitive functioning in childhood. Data from 326 mother-child dyads enrolled in an ongoing cohort study, the Programming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) Study, based in New York, New York (recruitment in 2013-2020) and Boston, Massachusetts (recruitment 2011-2013), and the First Thousand Days of Life (FTDL) cohort study (recruitment 2012-2019), based in northern Virginia, were used. Arsenic, cadmium, manganese, lead, and antimony were measured in urine collected during pregnancy. Cognitive functioning was assessed in children aged 3-11 years using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. The HBWQS regression showed a negative association between the urinary metal mixture and the Cognition Early Childhood Composite Score in the PRISM New York City (β = -3.67, 95% credible interval (CrI): -7.61, -0.01) and FTDL (β = -3.76, 95% CrI: -7.66, -0.24) samples, with a similar trend in the PRISM Boston sample (β = -3.24, 95% CrI: -6.77, 0.144). We did not detect these associations in traditionally pooled models. HBWQS regression allowed us to account for site heterogeneity and detect associations between prenatal metal-mixture exposure and cognitive outcomes in childhood. Given the ubiquity of metals exposure, interventions aimed at reducing prenatal exposure may improve cognitive outcomes in children. This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.
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Chaple MJ, Kunins HV, Nass MD, Benjamin AC, Viel CR, Bertone P, Marker L, Warren P, Hartzler B. Exploring the Impact of External Facilitation Using Evidence-Based Implementation Strategies for Increasing Motivational Interviewing Capacity Among Outpatient Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Treatment Providers. J Behav Health Serv Res 2024; 51:185-202. [PMID: 38030934 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-023-09871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The large majority of individuals who access substance use disorders (SUD) treatment do not receive evidence-based care. Little attention has been paid to the notion that the scale-up of evidence-based practices (EBPs) has been limited in large part due to a weakness in the "distribution system" for bringing new innovations to the attention of practitioners and into practice settings. This study explores the impact of the Training and Practice Implementation Institute (TPII; funded by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene), an intensive technical assistance initiative that offers external facilitation to outpatient SUD treatment providers via the incorporation of multiple evidence-based implementation strategies to enhance the practice of motivational interviewing (MI). Findings from this study show that staff completed a large majority (86%) of required training/technical assistance (TTA) activities across the 9-month implementation period, demonstrating a high level of engagement among staff and the feasibility of externally facilitated intensive TTA delivered to community-based organizations for the purpose of enhancing implementation of MI for SUDs. Results also show statistically significant improvements in the delivery of MI's technical components among staff, though did not reveal corresponding improvements in the delivery of MI's relational components. An understanding of the potential return on investment associated with externally facilitated TA, offers organizations an opportunity to inform the allocation of limited resources to areas where they will have the greatest impact and ultimately improve the quality and efficacy of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Chaple
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Division on Substance Use Disorders, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - M D Nass
- Bureau of Alcohol and Drug Use Prevention Care and Treatment, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ajani C Benjamin
- Bureau of Alcohol and Drug Use Prevention Care and Treatment, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl R Viel
- Bureau of Alcohol and Drug Use Prevention Care and Treatment, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paula Bertone
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Division on Substance Use Disorders, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Marker
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Division on Substance Use Disorders, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Warren
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Division on Substance Use Disorders, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bryan Hartzler
- Center for Advancing Addiction Services, Addiction, Drug & Alcohol Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Siber-Sanderowitz S, Gallo L. From Pathways to Partnerships: Building Patient-Centered Clinical Tracks (PCCT) in Outpatient Community Mental Health Settings. Community Ment Health J 2024; 60:411-425. [PMID: 38150109 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Clinical pathways are structured multidisciplinary care plans used by treatment providers to detail essential steps in the care of patients based on assessment of their current health care needs and motivation and commitment for treatment. Reducing unnecessary variations in care and streamlining treatment processes in mental health settings may promote efficiency and help support quality improvement efforts. (Rotter et al., 2019) In this article we will describe the development of clinical pathways, coined Patient Centered Clinical Tracks (PCCT) in an outpatient community mental health clinic in an academic medical center in New York City. PCCT is comprised of six different clinical pathways that include: Medication & Engagement, Supportive Therapy, Dialectal-Behavior Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy/Acceptance Commitment-Therapy, Relational Therapy and THRIVE (a Trauma Specialty Program). We will present the six Clinical Tracks and describe the early implementation of this model. We will explore how this programmatic infrastructure can connect evidence to practice and address multiple systemic challenges faced in a community mental health setting with a strong emphasis on training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurie Gallo
- Montefiore Medical Center/ Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
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10
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Gore R, Engelberg RS, Johnson D, Jebb O, Schwartz MD, Islam N. Integrating Community Health Workers' Dual Clinic-Community Role in Safety-Net Primary Care: Implementation Lessons from a Pragmatic Diabetes-Prevention Trial. J Gen Intern Med 2024; 39:774-781. [PMID: 37973708 PMCID: PMC11043246 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over a third of US adults carry a diagnosis of prediabetes, 70% of whom may progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus ("diabetes"). Community health workers (CHWs) can help patients undertake healthy behavior to prevent diabetes. However, there is limited guidance to integrate CHWs in primary care, specifically to address CHWs' dual clinic-based and community-oriented role. OBJECTIVE Using evidence from CHWs' adaptations of a diabetes-prevention intervention in safety-net hospitals in New York City, we examine the nature, intent, and possible consequences of CHWs' actions on program fidelity. We propose strategies for integrating CHWs in primary care. DESIGN Case study drawing on the Model for Adaptation Design and Impact (MADI) to analyze CHWs' actions during implementation of CHORD (Community Health Outreach to Reduce Diabetes), a cluster-randomized pragmatic trial (2017-2022) at Manhattan VA and Bellevue Hospital. PARTICIPANTS CHWs and clinicians in the CHORD study, with a focus in this analysis on CHWs. APPROACH Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion with CHWs (n=4); semi-structured interviews with clinicians (n=17). Interpretivist approach to explain CHWs' adaptations using a mix of inductive and deductive analysis. KEY RESULTS CHWs' adaptations extended the intervention in three ways: by extending social assistance, healthcare access, and operational tasks. The adaptations were intended to improve fit, reach, and retention, but likely had ripple effects on implementation outcomes. CHWs' focus on patients' complex social needs could divert them from judiciously managing their caseload. CONCLUSIONS CHWs' community knowledge can support patient engagement, but overextension of social assistance may detract from protocolized health-coaching goals. CHW programs in primary care should explicitly delineate CHWs' non-health support to patients, include multiprofessional teams or partnerships with community-based organizations, establish formal communication between CHWs and clinicians, and institute mechanisms to review and iterate CHWs' work to resolve challenges in their community-oriented role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Gore
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rachel S Engelberg
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Johnson
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivia Jebb
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark D Schwartz
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- VA NY Harbor Health Care System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadia Islam
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Johnson CK, Leung MM, Ma GX, Ogunwobi OO. Effective Recruitment Strategies Utilized to Examine Dietary Practices of Blacks in New York City in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:764-772. [PMID: 36929490 PMCID: PMC10019415 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black Americans have long been considered a hard-to-reach population for research studies, whether quantitative surveys or for clinical research. Studies have explored multiple rationales for why Blacks are hard to reach, and the explanations have included historical mistrust, the need to assess the benefits from participating in research, and the expense of spending time participating in research, among others. What has not been explored is the continuous merging of all individuals who identify as Black, particularly when exploring reasonings for a lower interest in participating in research. This paper addresses this issue by investigating the participation rate of individuals identifying as Black in New York City in a study exploring dietary practices as a predictor of colorectal cancer screening behavior. Participants were asked to self-report screening behavior, intent to screen, and dietary and other lifestyle practices. In this analysis, we discuss the unique experience encountered in recruiting Black American participants to participate in this study, particularly amid a worldwide pandemic of COVID-19. METHODS The methodology for this study included a systematic review of the literature, a two-part recruitment process, and data analysis. The first part of the recruitment process involved registering individuals who were interested in participating in the study and consented to be contacted and reminded to come to the location where they were recruited on a scheduled date to complete the actual survey. With this part of the recruitment process, we engaged with n = 488 Black men and women between November 2019 and February 2020. The second part of the recruitment process utilized availability sampling outside of NYC subway stations and other high traffic areas as well as large community events. We engaged with n = 319 individuals. Total engagement with n = 807 individuals yielded a sample size for the survey of 504 completed surveys. RESULTS Of the total engaged (n = 807), 14% declined to participate due to a lack of time, 11% chose not to participate in the study because the incentive was not enough to compensate for their time 0.02% declined due to not trusting institutions conducting research, and 0.03% did not feel comfortable understanding the questions due to a language barrier. We had a sample size of (n = 504) of the total 807 individuals engaged. CONCLUSIONS Recruiting Black Americans into our colorectal cancer study did not prove to be challenging with the two-tiered model of recruitment that involved consistent engagement and having the primary researcher lead this recruitment process. Extracting within race differences is critical in demystifying the conclusion of numerous studies that African Americans specifically are hesitant to participate due to historical mistrust related to tragedies such as the Tuskegee Experiment and numerous other occurrences of African Americans being treated as guinea pigs for the advancement of research. This data contributes knowledge to this field regarding understanding recruitment challenges in the Black population, but further work needs to be conducted. Mistrust in this study primarily came from the individuals engaged in Caribbean neighborhoods, where many expressed more comfort with home remedies and bush doctors when asked about colorectal cancer screening and declined to participate. Innovative communication, qualitative research, and recruitment strategies tailored to the Caribbean population are needed in future studies to address this recruitment challenge that we experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicely K Johnson
- Hunter College Center for Cancer Health Disparities Research, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - May May Leung
- Nutrition Program, School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace X Ma
- Center for Asian Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olorunseun O Ogunwobi
- Hunter College Center for Cancer Health Disparities Research, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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Kodali HP, Wyka KE, Costa SA, Evenson KR, Thorpe LE, Huang TTK. Association of Park Renovation With Park Use in New York City. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e241429. [PMID: 38598241 PMCID: PMC11007573 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Equity-driven citywide park redesign and renovation, such as the Community Parks Initiative (CPI), has the potential to increase park use and opportunities for physical activity in underserved communities. Objective To evaluate changes in patterns of park use following park redesign and renovation in low-income New York City (NYC) neighborhoods. Design, Setting, and Participants The Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces study was a prospective quality improvement preintervention-postintervention study design with matched control parks. Thirty-three intervention and 21 control neighborhood parks were selected based on specific criteria related to poverty rates, population growth, and population density in park neighborhoods and not having received more than $250 000 in investment in the past 2 decades. Data were collected at baseline (prerenovation) and 2 follow-up points (3 months and 1 year post renovation) between June 5 and December 4 from 2016 to 2022. Participants were individuals observed as users of study parks. Intervention The CPI, which involved the redesign and renovation of neighborhood parks by the municipal government of New York City. Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcomes encompassed park use and physical activity levels assessed using the well-validated System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities. Park use was quantified by total number of park users, categorized by age group (≤20 years vs ≥21 years), sex, and physical activity level (sitting or standing vs walking or vigorous activity). Changes in outcomes between groups were compared via the generalized estimation equation. Results A total of 28 322 park users were observed across 1458 scans. At baseline, 6343 of 10 633 users (59.7%) were 20 years or younger, 4927 of 10 632 (46.3%) were female and 5705 (53.7%) were male, and 4641 of 10 605 (43.8%) were sitting or standing. Intervention parks showed more net park users compared with control parks from baseline to the final follow-up (difference-in-difference relative rate ratio, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.22-2.35] users/scan; P = .002). The association was driven by a significant increase in adult users at intervention parks and overall decrease in all users at control parks. Park users engaging in sitting or standing at intervention parks increased (difference, 4.68 [95% CI, 1.71-7.62] users/scan; P = .002) and park users engaging in walking or vigorous physical activity at control parks decreased (difference, -7.30 [95% CI, -10.80 to -4.26] users/scan; P < .001) over time. Conclusions and Relevance In this quality improvement study, park redesign and renovation were positively associated with park use in low-income neighborhoods. However, park renovations may need to be accompanied by other programmatic strategies to increase physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanish P. Kodali
- Center for Systems and Community Design, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York
- NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, New York, New York
| | - Katarzyna E. Wyka
- Center for Systems and Community Design, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York
- NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, New York, New York
| | - Sergio A. Costa
- Center for Systems and Community Design, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York
- NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, New York, New York
| | - Kelly R. Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill
| | - Lorna E. Thorpe
- NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, New York, New York
- Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University (NYU), New York, New York
| | - Terry T.-K. Huang
- Center for Systems and Community Design, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York
- NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, New York, New York
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Sanborn J, Manze M, Watnick D. Parenting Students and Indicators of Financial Stability, Health, and Academic Success: Findings from a Population-Based Sample of Public Urban University Students. J Urban Health 2024; 101:371-382. [PMID: 38453762 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Parenting students constitute a significant portion of the college population, with 22% of undergraduate students nationwide managing the dual responsibilities of parenthood and education. Single-parenting students face disproportionate challenges to achieving academic success. This study examines the health, financial, and academic aspects of parenting students attending a large, urban public university, specifically comparing single parents to their married or cohabiting counterparts and non-parenting students in New York City. We collected data from 2104 participants, including 142 single parents and 119 married or cohabiting parents, through a cross-sectional survey. Using adjusted regression models, we evaluated the associations between parenting status and financial, health, and academic factors. Our findings reveal that, in comparison to non-parents, single parents are significantly more likely to carry debt (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.81), rely on food assistance (aOR 5.03), and achieve slightly lower GPAs (β - 0.11). Single parents also work more hours (aOR 1.66) and have an increased likelihood of facing debt (aOR 2.66), housing difficulties (aOR 2.80), food insecurity (aOR 2.21), and lower GPAs (β - 0.22) compared to their married or cohabiting peers. The disaggregation of single and married or cohabiting parents reveals significant disparities, emphasizing the vulnerability of single-parenting students in higher education. Targeted interventions addressing issues like food security and housing are essential to support the academic success of single parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Sanborn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Meredith Manze
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Watnick
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Landau AY, Venkatram C, Song J, Topaz M, Klitzman R, Shang J, Stone P, McDonald M, Cohen B. Home Care Clinicians' Perspectives on Advance Care Planning for Patients at Risk for Becoming Incapacitated With No Evident Advance Directives or Surrogates. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2024; 26:74-81. [PMID: 38340056 PMCID: PMC10940180 DOI: 10.1097/njh.0000000000000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Advance care planning is important and timely for patients receiving home health services; however, opportunities to facilitate awareness and engagement in this setting are often missed. This qualitative descriptive study elicited perspectives of home health nurses and social workers regarding barriers and facilitators to creating advance care plans in home health settings, with particular attention to patients with few familial or social contacts who can serve as surrogate decision-makers. We interviewed 15 clinicians employed in a large New York City-based home care agency in 2021-2022. Participants reported a multitude of barriers to supporting patients with advance care planning at the provider level (eg, lack of time and professional education, deferment, discomfort), patient level (lack of knowledge, mistrust, inadequate support, deferment, language barriers), and system level (eg, discontinuity of care, variations in advance care planning documents, legal concerns, lack of institutional protocols and centralized information). Participants noted that greater socialization and connection to existing educational resources regarding the intended purpose, scope, and applicability of advance directives could benefit home care patients.
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15
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Leri AC, Fassihi GE, Lundquist MJ, Khan M, Arguin ML. Vertical stratification and seasonality of fecal indicator bacteria in New York City playground sandboxes. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 273:116152. [PMID: 38417319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Sandboxes in public play spaces afford a crucial opportunity for urban children to engage in naturalistic play that fosters development of cognitive, social, and motor skills. As open pits, sandboxes in New York City public playgrounds are potentially exposed to fecal inputs from various sources, including wild and domestic animals. A longitudinal study of thirteen sandboxes located in public playgrounds on the east side of Manhattan reveals ubiquity of the fecal indicator bacteria enterococci and Escherichia coli through all seasons. The highest concentrations of bacteria occur in surface sand (n = 42; mean enterococci 230 MPN/g and E. coli 182 MPN/g dry weight), with significantly lower levels at depths below the surface (n = 35; mean enterococci 21 MPN/g and E. coli 12 MPN/g dry weight), a stratification consistent with fecal loading at the surface. Generalized linear mixed models indicate that sand depth (surface vs. underlayers) is the most influential variable affecting bacterial levels (P <0.001 for both enterococci and E. coli), followed by sampling season (P <0.001 for both). Bacterial concentrations do not vary significantly as a function of playground location or ZIP code within the study area. Children's exposure while playing in sandboxes likely reaches 105 enterococci and 104E. coli in a typical play period. Microbial source tracking to identify fecal hosts reveals dog, bird, and human biomarkers in low concentrations. Open sandbox microcosms installed at ground level in the urban environment of Manhattan are fouled by enterococci and E. coli within two weeks, while adjacent closed microcosms exhibit no fecal contamination over a 33-day sampling period. Collectively, our results indicate that increasing the frequency of sand refills and covering sandboxes during times of disuse would be straightforward management strategies to mitigate fecal contamination in playground sandboxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Leri
- Department of Natural Sciences, Marymount Manhattan College, 221 E 71st St., New York, NY 10021, United States.
| | - G Eliana Fassihi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Marymount Manhattan College, 221 E 71st St., New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Matthew J Lundquist
- Department of Natural Sciences, Marymount Manhattan College, 221 E 71st St., New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Marjan Khan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Marymount Manhattan College, 221 E 71st St., New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Mariette L Arguin
- P.S. 77 Lower Lab School, 1700 3rd Ave., New York, NY 10128, United States
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16
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Ertl MM, Jones A, Hickson R, Achebe I, Gyamfi Ertl SL, Sichel CE, Campos S, O'Grady MA, Tross S, Wilson P, Cohall RM, Cohall AT, Elkington KS. Technology Access and Perceptions of Telehealth Services Among Young Adults Involved in the Court System. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:582-590. [PMID: 38069927 PMCID: PMC10872968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined access to technology and telehealth among young adults (ages 18-24) who were court-involved and were recruited from an alternative sentencing program in New York City. METHODS Using sequential mixed methods design, we examined demographic factors linked with access to technology and perceived usefulness of the Internet among n = 321 young adults who were court-involved (75% male, 65% African American, 35% Latinx). We then conducted in-depth interviews with 27 young adults to elicit first-person account of their access to, interest in, and experience with technology and telehealth. RESULTS Although most participants had access to a phone with a data plan, a substantial proportion reported inconsistent access to the technology critical to telehealth. Certain young adults were more likely to lack consistent access to the technology needed for telehealth, including Black young adults, males, those with less than a high school diploma, those with a history of homelessness, and those who had difficulties paying for basic necessities. Qualitative interviews revealed that most had a strong self-efficacy using technology, while distrust of technology, inexperience with and skepticism of telehealth, low perceived need for care, and medical mistrust were common significant barriers in this underserved population. DISCUSSION Findings underscored the critical need to address medical mistrust and increase access to and utilization of care among young adults who are court-involved. Results can inform the development and implementation of interventions designed to improve accessibility and acceptability of telehealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Ertl
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Alexis Jones
- Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation, and Counseling, Auburn University, Haley Center, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Robert Hickson
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Ikenna Achebe
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Serwa L Gyamfi Ertl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Corianna E Sichel
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie Campos
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Megan A O'Grady
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Susan Tross
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York; Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Patrick Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Renee M Cohall
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Alwyn T Cohall
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Katherine S Elkington
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York.
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MUENNIG PETER, BELSKY DANIELW, MALINSKY DANIEL, NGUYEN KIEU, ROSEN ZOHN, ALLEN HEIDI. The Effect of the Earned Income Tax Credit on Physical and Mental health-Results from the Atlanta Paycheck Plus Experiment. Milbank Q 2024; 102:122-140. [PMID: 37788392 PMCID: PMC10938929 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Policy Points The Paycheck Plus randomized controlled trial tested a fourfold increase in the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) for single adults without dependent children over 3 years in New York and Atlanta. In New York, the intervention improved economic, mental, and physical health outcomes. In Atlanta, it had no economic benefit or impact on physical health and may have worsened mental health. In Atlanta, tax filing and bonus receipt were lower than in the New York arm of the trial, which may explain the lack of economic benefits. Lower mental health scores in the treatment group were driven by disadvantaged men, and the study sample was in good mental health. CONTEXT The Paycheck Plus experiment examined the effects of an enhanced Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) for single adults on economic and health outcomes in Atlanta, GA and New York City (NYC). The NYC study was completed two years prior to the Atlanta study and found mental and physical benefits for the subgroups that responded best to the economic incentives provided. In this article, we present the findings from the Atlanta study, in which the uptake of the treatment (tax filings and EITC bonus) were lower and economic and health benefits were not observed. METHODS Paycheck Plus Atlanta was an unblinded randomized controlled trial that assigned n = 3,971 participants to either the standard federal EITC (control group) or an EITC supplement of up to $2,000 (treatment group) for three tax years (2017-2019). Administrative data on employment and earnings were obtained from the Georgia Department of Labor and survey data were used to examine validated measures of health and well-being. FINDINGS In Atlanta, the treatment group had significantly higher earnings in the first project year but did not have significantly higher cumulative earnings than the control group overall (mean difference = $1,812, 95% CI = -150, 3,774, p = 0.07). The treatment group also had significantly lower scores on two measures of mental health after the intervention was complete: the Patient Health Questionnaire 8 (mean difference = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.32, p = 0.005) and the Kessler 6 (mean difference = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.27, p = 0.012). Secondary analyses suggested these results were driven by disadvantaged men, but the study sample was in good mental health. CONCLUSIONS The EITC experiment in Atlanta was not associated with gains in earnings or improvements in physical or mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - DANIEL W. BELSKY
- Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia University
- Butler Columbia Aging CenterColumbia University
| | | | | | - ZOHN ROSEN
- Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia University
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18
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Eden CM, Syrnioti G, Johnson J, Fasano G, Bayard S, Alston C, Liu A, Zhou XK, Ju T, Newman LA, Malik M. Breast Cancer Incidence Among Asian American Women in New York City: Disparities in Screening and Presentation. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:1455-1467. [PMID: 38055093 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian American (AsAm) women have some of the lowest rates of up-to-date breast cancer screening, and lack of disaggregated racial/ethnic data can mask disparities. We evaluated presentation patterns among AsAms at two hospitals with distinct communities: New York Presbyterian-Queens (NYPQ), in Flushing, Queens and Weill Cornell Medical Center (WCM), on the Upper East Side (UES) neighborhood of Manhattan. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer between January 2019 and December 2022 were identified using a prospective database and clinical data collected. Patients were categorized as self-reported Asian versus Non-Asian. The Asian group was disaggregated as Chinese-Asian versus Other-Asian. Physician workforce data were obtained from public records. RESULTS A total of 3546 patients (1162 NYPQ, 2384 WCM) were included. More NYPQ patients identified as Asian compared with WCM (49 vs. 14%, p < 0.001). Asian patients were mostly East Asian Chinese (NYPQ 61%, WCM 53%). More Chinese patients at NYPQ reported Chinese as their preferred language (81 vs. 33%, p < 0.001). Greatest differences of screen-detected disease frequency were seen between NYPQ and WCM Chinese patients (75 vs. 59%, p < 0.001). Eighty percent of NYPQ Chinese patients presented with stage 0/I disease versus 69% at WCM (p = 0.007), a difference not observed between Other-Asian patients (75% NYPQ, 68% WCM, p = 0.095). 3% of UES physicians versus 16% in Flushing reported speaking Chinese. CONCLUSIONS Chinese patients residing in a neighborhood with more Chinese-speaking physicians more frequently presented with screen-detected, early-stage breast cancer. Stage distribution differences were not apparent among the aggregated pool of Other-Asian patients, suggesting cancer disparities may be masked when ethnic groups are studied in aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Eden
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Queens, Weill Cornell Medicine, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Georgia Syrnioti
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josh Johnson
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Genevieve Fasano
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Solange Bayard
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chase Alston
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anni Liu
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tammy Ju
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Queens, Weill Cornell Medicine, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Lisa A Newman
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manmeet Malik
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Queens, Weill Cornell Medicine, Flushing, NY, USA.
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Benavides J, Usmani S, Kumar V, Kioumourtzoglou MA. Development of a community severance index for urban areas in the United States: A case study in New York City. Environ Int 2024; 185:108526. [PMID: 38428190 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Traffic-related exposures, such as air pollution and noise, have a detrimental impact on human health, especially in urban areas. However, there remains a critical research and knowledge gap in understanding the impact of community severance, a measure of the physical separation imposed by road infrastructure and motorized road traffic, limiting access to goods, services, or social connections, breaking down the social fabric and potentially also adversely impacting health. We aimed to robustly quantify a community severance metric in urban settings exemplified by its characterization in New York City (NYC). METHODS We used geospatial location data and dimensionality reduction techniques to capture NYC community severance variation. We employed principal component pursuit, a pattern recognition algorithm, combined with factor analysis as a novel method to estimate the Community Severance Index. We used public data for the year 2019 at census block group (CBG) level on road infrastructure, road traffic activity, and pedestrian infrastructure. As a demonstrative application of the Community Severance Index, we investigated the association between community severance and traffic collisions, as a proxy for road safety, in 2019 in NYC at CBG level. RESULTS Our data revealed one multidimensional factor related to community severance explaining 74% of the data variation. In adjusted analyses, traffic collisions in general, and specifically those involving pedestrians or cyclists, were nonlinearly associated with an increasing level of Community Severance Index in NYC. CONCLUSION We developed a high spatial-resolution Community Severance Index for NYC using data available nationwide, making it feasible for replication in other cities across the United States. Our findings suggest that increases in the Community Severance Index across CBG may be linked to increases in traffic collisions in NYC. The Community Severance Index, which provides a novel traffic-related exposure, may be used to inform equitable urban policies that mitigate health risks and enhance well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Benavides
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sabah Usmani
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Tay ET, Fernbach M, Chen H, Ng C, Tapia J, O'Callaghan S. A community-based volunteer service to reduce COVID-19 vaccination inequities in New York City. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024; 46:168-174. [PMID: 38070144 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe our experiences and challenges as community volunteers in assisting individuals in scheduling initial COVID-19 vaccine appointments and highlight disparities and barriers in vaccine access in New York City (NYC). METHODS Priority for assistance was given to individuals who were eligible for vaccination in NYC and New York State with the following barriers: technological, language, medical, physical and undocumented immigrants. Volunteers in NYC performed outreach and created program to assist in scheduling appointments. RESULTS In sum, 2101 requests were received to schedule COVID-19 vaccine appointments from 28 February to 30 April 2021. Vaccinations were successfully scheduled for 1935 (92%) individuals. Challenges in this project included limited community outreach, language barriers, transportation difficulties and safety concerns travelling to vaccination sites. Spanish (40.5%) and Chinese (35.6%) were the primary languages spoken by appointment requesters. Most requests came from residents of Queens (40%) and Brooklyn (27.2%). CONCLUSIONS The older population, public-facing workers, non-English speakers, undocumented immigrants and the medically complicated population experienced challenges in vaccine appointment access. In-person services and early website access in languages in addition to English may have reduced barriers in appointment navigation. While volunteers faced numerous obstacles when assisting individuals in scheduling vaccine appointments, most found the work fulfilling and rewarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Tein Tay
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Haidee Chen
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Charis Ng
- Office of Institutional Research, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Jade Tapia
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stasha O'Callaghan
- Office of Quality and Safety, NYC Health+Hospitals, New York, NY 10004 USA
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21
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Rosen JG, Thompson E, Tardif J, Collins AB, Marshall BDL, Park JN. "Make yourself un-NIMBY-able": stakeholder perspectives on strategies to mobilize public and political support for overdose prevention centers in the United States of America. Harm Reduct J 2024; 21:40. [PMID: 38355641 PMCID: PMC10868085 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-024-00955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overdose prevention centers (OPCs), also known as supervised injection facilities and safe consumption sites, are evidenced-based interventions for preventing overdose deaths and drug-related morbidities. The pathways to legalizing OPCs in the USA have confronted multiple social, political, and legal obstacles. We conducted a multi-site, qualitative study to explore heterogeneities in these pathways in four jurisdictions, as well as to understand stakeholder perspectives on valuable strategies for galvanizing political and public support for OPCs. METHODS From July 2022 to February 2023, we conducted 17 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with OPC policymakers, service providers, advocates, and researchers from California, New York City, Philadelphia, and Rhode Island, where efforts have been undertaken to authorize OPCs. Using inductive thematic analysis, we identified and compared contextually relevant, salient approaches for increasing support for OPCs. RESULTS Participants described several strategies clustering around five distinct domains: (1) embedding OPC advocacy into broader overdose prevention coalitions to shape policy dialogs; (2) building rapport with a plurality of powerbrokers (e.g., lawmakers, health departments, law enforcement) who could amplify the impact of OPC advocacy; (3) emphasizing specific benefits of OPCs to different audiences in different contexts; (4) leveraging relationships with frontline workers (e.g., emergency medicine and substance use treatment providers) to challenge OPC opposition, including 'NIMBY-ism,' and misinformation; and (5) prioritizing transparency in OPC decision-making to foster public trust. CONCLUSION While tailored to the specific socio-political context of each locality, multiple OPC advocacy strategies have been deployed to cultivate support for OPCs in the USA. Advocacy strategies that are multi-pronged, leverage partnerships with stakeholders at multiple levels, and tailor communications to different audiences and settings could yield the greatest impact in increasing support for, and diffusing opposition to, future OPC implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Rosen
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E5031, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Erin Thompson
- Harm Reduction Innovation Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, 1125 North Main Street, Providence, RI, 02904, USA
| | - Jessica Tardif
- Harm Reduction Innovation Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, 1125 North Main Street, Providence, RI, 02904, USA
| | - Alexandra B Collins
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Brandon D L Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Ju Nyeong Park
- Harm Reduction Innovation Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, 1125 North Main Street, Providence, RI, 02904, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
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22
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Correira JW, Kamstra R, Zhu N, Doll MK. School Vaccine Coverage and Medical Exemption Uptake After the New York State Repeal of Nonmedical Vaccination Exemptions. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2354710. [PMID: 38306096 PMCID: PMC10837748 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Although New York State (NYS) recently adopted legislation eliminating nonmedical vaccination exemption options from school-entry requirements, the implications of the law for school vaccine coverage and medical vaccine exemption uptake have not been examined. Objective To evaluate the implications of the repeal of school-entry nonmedical vaccination exemptions for vaccine coverage and medical exemption uptake at NYS schools outside of New York City (NYC). Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study had an interrupted time-series design and used generalized estimating equation models to examine longitudinal school immunization compliance data from the 2012 to 2013 through 2021 to 2022 school years. The cohort comprised NYS public and nonpublic schools, excluding NYC schools, with any students enrolled in kindergarten to 12th grade. Eligible schools had enrollment and immunization data before and after the implementation of the Senate Bill 2994A legislation. Data analyses were conducted in July 2023. Exposure Senate Bill 2994A was passed in June 2019, eliminating school-entry nonmedical vaccination exemptions. Since compliance with the law was evaluated for most students during the next school year, the 2019 to 2020 school year was considered to be the law's effective date. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were school vaccine coverage (defined as the percentage of students at each school who completed grade-appropriate requirements for all required vaccines) and medical exemption uptake (defined as the percentage of students at each school who received a medical exemption). Results Among the 3821 eligible schools, 3632 (95.1%) were included in the analysis, representing 2794 (96.9% of eligible) public schools and 838 (89.2% of eligible) nonpublic schools. The implementation of Senate Bill 2994A was associated with absolute increases in mean vaccine coverage of 5.5% (95% CI, 4.5%-6.6%) among nonpublic schools and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.7%-1.1%) among public schools, with additional annual increases in vaccine coverage observed through the 2021 to 2022 school year. The law's implementation was also associated with a 0.1% (95% CI, 0.0%-0.1%) mean absolute decrease in medical vaccination exemption uptake at both public and nonpublic schools, and small but significant mean annual decreases in medical vaccination exemptions (0.02%; 95% CI, 0.01%-0.03%) through the end of the study period. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this cohort study suggested that repeal of school-entry nonmedical vaccination exemptions was associated with increased vaccine coverage at NYS schools outside of NYC. Coverage gains were not replaced by increases in medical vaccination exemptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Correira
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York
| | | | - Nanqing Zhu
- Precision Analytics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Margaret K. Doll
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York
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23
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Elsafoury S, Jones HE, Kelvin EA. Impact of the Affordable Health Care Act (ACA) on Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Access to and Utilization of Healthcare in New York City. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:406-415. [PMID: 36781587 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded health insurance coverage in the USA, but whether it increased healthcare utilization or reduced racial/ethnic inequities in access to and utilization of care is unclear. We evaluated the ACA impact on health insurance coverage, unmet medical need, and having a personal doctor and whether this impact was modified by racial/ethnic identity among New York City (NYC) residents. We used data from multiple years of the Community Health Survey (2009-2017) and used logistic regression to assess whether having health insurance, unmet medical need, or a personal doctor varied pre- (2009-2012) versus post-ACA (2013-2017), adjusting for age, sex, nativity status, and general health. We assessed effect measure modification by race/ethnicity and stratified if we found significant interaction. We found that health insurance coverage and having a personal doctor increased post-ACA (aOR = 1.44, p < 0.001 and aOR = 1.09, p = 0.024, respectively) while having unmet medical need decreased (aOR = 0.90, p = 0.004). There was little indication of interaction between ACA and race/ethnicity; in stratified models, the ACA had a stronger impact on health insurance coverage for those of other race than all other groups (aOR = 2.16, p = 0.002 versus aOR 1.22-1.54 for white, Black, and Hispanic adults) and a stronger impact on having a personal doctor for Hispanic adults (aOR 1.27, p < 0.001 versus weaker non-significant associations for other groups), with no effect modification for unmet medical need. Thus, it appears that ACA improved healthcare access and utilization but did not have a major impact on reducing racial/ethnic inequities in these outcomes in NYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Elsafoury
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, 55 West 125Th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Heidi E Jones
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, 55 West 125Th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kelvin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, 55 West 125Th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Occupational Health, Epidemiology & Prevention, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University/Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, USA.
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24
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Hom KN, Quigley TD, Rodriguez RD, Gdanski SG, Lazrinth XI, Jones R, Forlano PM. Characterization of anthropogenic noise and oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) calling behavior in urban and small-town coastal soundscapesa). J Acoust Soc Am 2024; 155:1230-1239. [PMID: 38341750 DOI: 10.1121/10.0024763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) is an ideal model to examine the effects of anthropogenic noise on behavior because they rely on acoustic signals for mate attraction and social interactions. We predict that oyster toadfish have acclimated to living in noise-rich environments because they are common in waterways of urban areas, like New York City (NYC). We used passive acoustic monitoring at two locations to see if calling behavior patterns are altered in areas of typically high boat traffic versus low boat traffic (Pier 40, NYC, NY, and Eel Pond, Woods Hole, MA, respectively). We hypothesized that toadfish in NYC would adjust their circadian calling behavior in response to daily anthropogenic noise patterns. We quantified toadfish calls and ship noise over three 24-h periods in the summer reproductive period at both locations. We observed an inverse relationship between the duration of noise and the number of toadfish calls at Pier 40 in comparison to Eel Pond. Additionally, toadfish at Pier 40 showed significant differences in peak calling behavior compared to Eel Pond. Therefore, oyster toadfish may have acclimated to living in an urban environment by potentially altering their communication behavior in the presence of boat noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey N Hom
- Subprogram in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Thomas D Quigley
- Subprogram in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Rachel D Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York (CUNY), Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
| | - Sydney G Gdanski
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York (CUNY), Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
| | - Xylo I Lazrinth
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York (CUNY), Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
| | | | - Paul M Forlano
- Subprogram in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York 10031, USA
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25
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Ziafati Bafarasat A, Sharifi A. How to Achieve a Healthy City: a Scoping Review with Ten City Examples. J Urban Health 2024; 101:120-140. [PMID: 38110772 PMCID: PMC10897125 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review of the literature explores the following question: what systematic measures are needed to achieve a healthy city? The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests 11 characteristics of a healthy city. Measures contributing to these characteristics are extracted and classified into 29 themes. Implementation of some of these measures is illustrated by examples from Freiburg, Greater Vancouver, Singapore, Seattle, New York City, London, Nantes, Exeter, Copenhagen, and Washington, DC. The identified measures and examples indicate that a healthy city is a system of healthy sectors. A discussion section suggests healthy directions for nine sectors in a healthy city. These sectors include transportation, housing, schools, city planning, local government, environmental management, retail, heritage, and healthcare. Future work is advised to put more focus on characteristic 5 (i.e., the meeting of basic needs for all the city's people) and characteristic 10 (i.e., public health and sick care services accessible to all) of a healthy city.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayyoob Sharifi
- The IDEC Institute & Network for Education and Research On Peace and Sustainability (NERPS), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- School of Architecture and Design, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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26
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Chakraborty O, Dragan KL, Ellen IG, Glied SA, Howland RE, Neill DB, Wang S. Housing-Sensitive Health Conditions Can Predict Poor-Quality Housing. Health Aff (Millwood) 2024; 43:297-304. [PMID: 38315928 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Improving housing quality may improve residents' health, but identifying buildings in poor repair is challenging. We developed a method to improve health-related building inspection targeting. Linking New York City Medicaid claims data to Landlord Watchlist data, we used machine learning to identify housing-sensitive health conditions correlated with a building's presence on the Watchlist. We identified twenty-three specific housing-sensitive health conditions in five broad categories consistent with the existing literature on housing and health. We used these results to generate a housing health index from building-level claims data that can be used to rank buildings by the likelihood that their poor quality is affecting residents' health. We found that buildings in the highest decile of the housing health index (controlling for building size, community district, and subsidization status) scored worse across a variety of housing quality indicators, validating our approach. We discuss how the housing health index could be used by local governments to target building inspections with a focus on improving health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kacie L Dragan
- Kacie L. Dragan, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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27
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Kemper NS, Reilly ML, Freeman NJ, Sandler JC. Reexamining predictors of trial outcomes in New York State's sex offender civil management process. Law Hum Behav 2024; 48:67-82. [PMID: 38252101 DOI: 10.1037/lhb0000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In 2007, New York enacted the Sex Offender Management and Treatment Act, empowering the state to civilly manage individuals who have committed sexual offenses (respondents) and are deemed to have a mental abnormality (MA) that predisposes them to sexually recidivate after serving their criminal sentences. We sought to replicate and extend a previous study (Lu et al., 2015) to identify factors predicting legal decisions. HYPOTHESES We predicted, on the basis of previous research, that clinical information (e.g., diagnosis) as well as empirically supported risk factors (e.g., sexual deviance) would predict trial outcomes. METHOD We analyzed multiple pieces of demographic, criminogenic, and clinical data on three nested subsamples of respondents on the basis of the legal process: MA consent (n = 713), MA trial (n = 316), and disposition hearing (n = 643). The binary outcomes of interest were as follows: For the MA consent subsample, it was whether the respondent waived their MA trial; for the MA trial subsample, it was whether the respondent was found at trial to have an MA; and for the disposition hearing, it was whether the respondent was ordered to inpatient or outpatient civil management. RESULTS The strongest predictor of waiving the trial was geographic location; respondents outside New York City and Long Island were more likely to waive their trials (ORs = 2.38-3.37). The strongest predictors of MA trial and disposition hearing outcomes were Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnoses; pedophilia (ORs = 4.05-7.22) and sexual sadism (ORs = 2.68-7.03) diagnoses increased the likelihood of an MA finding and confinement order. CONCLUSIONS Judges and juries give significant weight to clinical information, particularly pedophilia diagnoses, when making civil management legal decisions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Kemper
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York
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28
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McCabe CA, Venkatram C, Yarakala S, Korin M, Boulos A, Oliver K. Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Trust in Home Health Workers in New York City: A Pilot Study. J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:166-173. [PMID: 38037263 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000003019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify characteristics surrounding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and trust in home health workers (HHWs) in New York City. METHODS Data were collected from HHWs through focus group sessions conducted via Zoom. We developed a facilitator guide using the 5C Scale, a validated psychometric tool for assessing vaccine hesitancy. We performed qualitative thematic analysis using a combined inductive and deductive approach. RESULTS Major themes that emerged included the following: conflicting information decreased vaccine confidence; individualized outreach is valued when information gathering; mandates and financial incentives may increase skepticism; low health literacy and conflict in personal relationships are barriers to acceptance; and experiencing a severe infection and fear of exposure at work increase acceptance. CONCLUSIONS Based on our study, personalized yet consistent messaging may be key to reaching hesitant HHWs.
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29
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Olaya F, Brin M, Caraballo PB, Halpern M, Jia H, Ramírez SO, Padilla JJ, Stonbraker S, Schnall R. A randomized controlled trial of the dissemination of an mHealth intervention for improving health outcomes: the WiseApp for Spanish-speakers living with HIV study protocol. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:201. [PMID: 38233908 PMCID: PMC10792787 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is no cure for HIV, adherence to antiretroviral therapy can extend the lifespan and improve the quality of life of people with HIV. Despite the global reduction of HIV infection rates in recent years, New York City and La Romana, Dominican Republic, continue to report high infection rates among Latino populations. Many people with HIV remain virally unsuppressed in these geographic hotspots, suggesting a need for additional interventions to overcome medication adherence barriers. Tailored and culturally appropriate mobile health (mHealth) technology can be an engaging way to improve adherence. The primary objective of this trial is to test the effectiveness of an mHealth tool to improve HIV medication adherence among Spanish-speaking people living in New York City and the Dominican Republic. METHODS The WiseApp study is a two-arm randomized controlled trial among 248 people with HIV across the New York and Dominican Republic sites over the course of 12 months. Participants are randomly assigned to either receive a CleverCap pill bottle that is linked to the WiseApp (intervention) or standard of care (control). All participants complete surveys at baseline, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up visits and the study team obtains HIV-1 viral load and CD4 count results through blood draw at each study timepoint. DISCUSSION The use of mHealth technologies to improve medication adherence among people with HIV has been implemented in recent years. Although some studies have found improvement in adherence to antiretroviral therapy in the short term, there is limited information about how these interventions improve adherence among Spanish-speaking populations. Disproportionate rates of HIV infection among Latinos in New York City suggest an existing inequitable approach in reaching and treating this population. Due to a lack of mHealth studies with Latino populations, and apps tailored to Spanish-speakers, the WiseApp study will not only demonstrate the effectiveness of this particular mHealth app but will also contribute to the mHealth research community as a whole. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05398185) on 5/31/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Olaya
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, 560 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maeve Brin
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, 560 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Mina Halpern
- Clínica de Familia La Romana, La Romana, Dominican Republic
| | - Haomiao Jia
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, 560 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sergio Ozoria Ramírez
- NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | | | - Samantha Stonbraker
- University of Colorado College of Nursing, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca Schnall
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, 560 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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30
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Vardeman ET, Kennelly EJ, Vandebroek I. Haitian women in New York City use global food plants for women's health. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2024; 20:8. [PMID: 38217006 PMCID: PMC10785501 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the availability of mainstream biomedical healthcare in New York City (NYC), community-based ethnomedicine practices remain a low-cost, culturally relevant treatment for many immigrants. Previous urban ethnobotany research in NYC has established that several Caribbean communities continue using medicinal plants for women's health after immigration. This study sought to address to what extent: (1) NYC Haitian women continue using medicinal plants for women's health after migration; (2) their plants and the conditions treated were similar to those identified in an earlier survey with NYC immigrants from the Dominican Republic. METHODS Through an ethnobotanical survey, 100 Haitian women living in NYC and born in Haiti were interviewed about their knowledge of medicinal plants for women's health conditions. Reported species were purchased based on local names in NYC Haitian stores and markets, vouchered, and identified. RESULTS Nearly all Haitian women (97%) reported using medicinal plants while living in Haiti. Most Haitian women continued using medicinal plants after coming to the USA (83%). The 14% decrease, although significant (z = 3.3; p = 0.001), was mainly due to logistical difficulties with sourcing plants after recent immigration. Popular medicinal plant species reported were primarily global food plants, re-emphasizing the intertwined food-medicine relationship in Caribbean diasporas. Comparison with data from NYC Dominicans identified childbirth and puerperium, gynecological infections, and vaginal cleansing as priority Haitian women's health concerns treated with plants. CONCLUSION Our findings support the global nature of Caribbean migrant plant pharmacopeia, predominantly centered around food plants and adapted to transnational urban settings. They underscore cultural diversity, dispelling the notion of one uniform traditional knowledge system labeled "Caribbean." The importance of preventative medicine for women's health, particularly the regular consumption of "healthy" foods or teas highlights the role food plants play in maintaining health without seeking treatment for a particular condition. Cross-cultural comparisons with other NYC Caribbean immigrants emphasize the importance of conducting ethnobotanical surveys to ground-truth plant use in the community. Such surveys can also identify culture-specific health priorities treated with these plants. Healthcare providers can leverage these insights to formulate culturally relevant and community-tailored healthcare strategies aligned with Haitian women's health beliefs and needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella T Vardeman
- The Institute of Economic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd W, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd W, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Ina Vandebroek
- The Institute of Economic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA.
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Life Sciences and Caribbean Centre for Research in Bioscience (CCRIB), Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
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Suglia SF, Knox N, April-Sanders AK, Aguayo L, López-Cepero A, Cohall A, Wang S, Wall M, Canino G, Bird H, Duarte CS. Prevalence of cardiometabolic risk and health factors among Puerto Rican young adults in the Boricua Youth Study - Health Assessment. Ann Epidemiol 2024; 89:8-14. [PMID: 37977282 PMCID: PMC10872904 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
We describe and compare the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) among Puerto Rican young adults in the San Juan metro area in Puerto Rico and the South Bronx, NY. As part of the Boricua Youth Study - Health Assessment, (mean age 23 ± 0.1 years) objective anthropometric, blood pressure and blood samples were collected. Information on diet, physical activity and sleep were collected via surveys. Life's Essential 8 metrics were characterized as continuous with higher scores indicating more optimal CVH and categorically (80-100 scores for ideal CVH). Mean CVH score among NY participants was lower (61.9) than in PR (68.9). No participant had all ideal health metrics, 36% of participants in PR had 5 or more ideal CVH; while only 16% in NY met this criterion. The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors was high for obesity (35% in NY, 19% in PR) and diabetes (17% NY, 20% PR). In this ethnically homogenous population, we found low levels of ideal CVH that varied across study site, suggesting differences by sociocultural context. Interventions to maintain and improve CVH across the life course, tailored to sociocultural environments, are necessary for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Natishkah Knox
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ayana K April-Sanders
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Liliana Aguayo
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrea López-Cepero
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alwyn Cohall
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Deparment of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie Wall
- Deparment of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Science Research Institute. University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Hector Bird
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Hazekamp C, Schmitz Z, Scoccimarro A. Methylene Blue-Induced Serotonin Toxicity: Case Files of the Medical Toxicology Fellowship at the New York City Poison Control Center. J Med Toxicol 2024; 20:54-58. [PMID: 37828274 PMCID: PMC10774363 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-023-00972-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corey Hazekamp
- Department of Emergency Medicine, NYC H+H/Lincoln, 234 E. 149thStreet Bronx, New York, NY, 10451, USA.
| | - Zach Schmitz
- New York City Poison Control Center NYU Langone Toxicology Fellowship, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Scoccimarro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, NYC H+H/Lincoln, 234 E. 149thStreet Bronx, New York, NY, 10451, USA
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Larson R, Hussain S, Chau MM, Jones A, Vangeepuram N, Madden D, Berhane T, Shuman S, Islam N, Trinh-Shevrin C. The Power of Partnership: NYCEAL Collaborations With Health Agencies and Mobile Vaccination Vans. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:S92-S95. [PMID: 38207257 PMCID: PMC10785186 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
New York City experienced a high COVID-19 burden and striking disparities among racial and ethnic minoritized groups. The New York Community Engagement Alliance Against COVID-19 Disparities (NYCEAL) collaborated with health agencies and clinical providers to increase and facilitate COVID-19 vaccinations across New York City. NYCEAL partners and their network of hundreds of community health workers delivered vaccine education, fostered community trust, and supported vaccine uptake among low-income, limited‒English-proficient, and racial and ethnic minoritized communities. With funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the objective of NYCEAL was to reduce COVID-19 disparities by increasing vaccine uptake and promoting trust in science. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S1):S92-S95. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307455).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Larson
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Sarah Hussain
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Michelle M Chau
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Andrew Jones
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Nita Vangeepuram
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Devin Madden
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Timnit Berhane
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Saskia Shuman
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Nadia Islam
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Chau Trinh-Shevrin
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
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Blalock SM, McMullen K, Schöberlein S, Stacy J. "One of the Grand Works of the World": Walt Whitman's Advocacy for the Brooklyn Waterworks, 1856-59. Technol Cult 2024; 65:237-263. [PMID: 38661800 DOI: 10.1353/tech.2024.a920522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
When the Brooklyn Waterworks opened in 1859, it was one of America's most advanced water and sewer systems. Yet after Brooklyn was annexed by New York City, the waterworks' history slipped into obscurity, despite having a now-famous champion: the "poet of America," Walt Whitman, whose brother worked on the project. This article shows the Brooklyn poet's fierce, multiyear lobbying effort for the waterworks in various newspapers and introduces a wealth of newly recovered Whitman writings on the issue. As a journalist, Whitman exemplifies the nineteenth-century press as an intermediary between expert engineers and popular readers. The poet brought precise expertise, translated engineers' technical arguments into everyday language for his readers, and fought the resulting day-to-day political battles over construction in print. Whitman, then, is an underappreciated case study of the confluence of technology, public health, and local journalism.
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Frantzis I, Ungar SP, Soma VL, Knutsen D, Mazo D, Zucker J. Mpox in Children: 3 Cases. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2022061047. [PMID: 38239109 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-061047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the 2022 mpox outbreak mostly affected adults, its effect on children and adolescents was also substantial. In this report, we describe the clinical course and treatment of the first 3 known cases of mpox in children in New York City. These cases are instructive because they illustrate various routes of transmission, clinical presentations, and diagnostic challenges that differ from previous reports of mpox in endemic countries and previous mpox outbreaks. Of note is that each of the 3 patients received treatment with tecovirimat under an US Food and Drug Administration expanded access investigational new drug application and improved without exhibiting adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vijaya L Soma
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Dorothy Knutsen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dana Mazo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jason Zucker
- Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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36
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Ryan E, Paloucek F. Comment on: "Methylene Blue-Induced Serotonin Toxicity: Case Files of the Medical Toxicology Fellowship at the New York City Poison Control Center". J Med Toxicol 2024; 20:68-69. [PMID: 37991643 PMCID: PMC10774515 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-023-00978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Ryan
- University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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Hazekamp C, Schmitz Z, Scoccimarro A. Response to Comment on: "Methylene Blue-Induced Serotonin Toxicity: Case Files of the Medical Toxicology Fellowship at the New York City Poison Control Center". J Med Toxicol 2024; 20:70-71. [PMID: 38032430 PMCID: PMC10774489 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-023-00980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corey Hazekamp
- NYC H+H/Lincoln Department of Emergency Medicine, 234 E. 149Th Street, Bronx, NYNY, 10451, USA.
| | - Zach Schmitz
- New York City Poison Control Center, NYU Langone Toxicology Fellowship, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Scoccimarro
- NYC H+H/Lincoln Department of Emergency Medicine, 234 E. 149Th Street, Bronx, NYNY, 10451, USA
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Greenthal E, Sorscher S, Pomeranz JL, Cash SB. Availability of calorie information on online menus from chain restaurants in the USA: current prevalence and legal landscape. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:3239-3246. [PMID: 37700624 PMCID: PMC10755376 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Federal law requires calorie information on chain restaurant menus. We sought to assess the prevalence of calorie disclosures on online menus and determine if the menus are controlled by restaurants subject to US labelling requirements. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Restaurant websites and mobile apps for restaurant located in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. PARTICIPANTS US chain restaurants (top seventy-five by number of outlets) and third-party platforms (TPP): Grubhub, Uber Eats, DoorDash. RESULTS There was at least one calorie disclosure (for at least one food or beverage, in at least one location) on sixty-eight of seventy-two (94 %) menus on restaurant websites or apps, thirty-two of fifty-five (58 %) menus on DoorDash, six of forty-nine (12 %) menus on Grubhub and thirty of fifty-nine (51 %) menus on Uber Eats. There was consistent calorie labelling (all foods and beverages, all locations) on forty-three of seventy-two (60 %) menus on restaurant websites or apps, fifteen of fifty-five (27 %) menus on DoorDash, three of forty-nine (6 %) menus on Grubhub and eleven of fifty-nine (19 %) menus on Uber Eats. Only four restaurant chains consistently labelled calories for all items, in all locations, on all platforms where their menus were found. All three TPP provided restaurants the ability to enter and modify menu items, making the menus subject to US labelling requirements. Only Uber Eats provided guidance to restaurants on entering calorie information. CONCLUSIONS As consumers increasingly rely on TPP for restaurant ordering, menus on these platforms should include calories in order to promote transparency and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Greenthal
- Center for Science in the Public Interest, Washington, DC20005, USA
| | - Sarah Sorscher
- Center for Science in the Public Interest, Washington, DC20005, USA
| | | | - Sean B Cash
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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VanAcker MC, DeNicola VL, DeNicola AJ, Aucoin SG, Simon R, Toal KL, Diuk-Wasser MA, Cagnacci F. Resource selection by New York City deer reveals the effective interface between wildlife, zoonotic hazards and humans. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:2029-2042. [PMID: 37882483 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Although the role of host movement in shaping infectious disease dynamics is widely acknowledged, methodological separation between animal movement and disease ecology has prevented researchers from leveraging empirical insights from movement data to advance landscape scale understanding of infectious disease risk. To address this knowledge gap, we examine how movement behaviour and resource utilization by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) determines blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) distribution, which depend on deer for dispersal in a highly fragmented New York City borough. Multi-scale hierarchical resource selection analysis and movement modelling provide insight into how deer's movements contribute to the risk landscape for human exposure to the Lyme disease vector-I. scapularis. We find deer select highly vegetated and accessible residential properties which support blacklegged tick survival. We conclude the distribution of tick-borne disease risk results from the individual resource selection by deer across spatial scales in response to habitat fragmentation and anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith C VanAcker
- Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health Program, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, District of Columbia, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richard Simon
- City of New York Parks & Recreation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katrina L Toal
- City of New York Parks & Recreation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria A Diuk-Wasser
- Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Francesca Cagnacci
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Centre, Palermo, Italy
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Forthal S, Choi S, Yerneni R, Macinski S, Levey W, Kerwin J, Ahadzi M, Fish D, Anderson BJ, Neighbors C. Impact of supportive housing health homes program on medicaid utilization for persons diagnosed with HIV (PDWH). AIDS Care 2023; 35:1885-1890. [PMID: 36524897 PMCID: PMC10272282 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2158302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTUnstable housing among persons diagnosed with HIV (PDWH) has been consistently linked to poor HIV-related care engagement. We examined the relationship between enrollment in a supportive housing program and health care utilization (use of outpatient services, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations) for a group of unstably housed, Medicaid and Health Homes (HH)-enrolled PDWH in New York State. We analyzed monthly longitudinal data consisting of linked supportive housing data, HH data, and Medicaid claims from New York State (excluding New York City) between 2012 and 2017 using time series models. Participants who had at least six consecutive months of supportive housing at month t had 20% higher odds of using an outpatient service, 19% lower odds of visiting the ED, and 24% lower odds of being hospitalized compared to those with less than six consecutive months of supportive housing after adjusting for covariates. Supportive housing may promote better medical management by increasing outpatient visits among chronically homeless PDWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Forthal
- Department of Data Science, Partnership to End Addiction, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sugy Choi
- Department of Data Science, Partnership to End Addiction, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajeev Yerneni
- Department of Data Science, Partnership to End Addiction, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Macinski
- AIDS Institute, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Wendy Levey
- AIDS Institute, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Joseph Kerwin
- AIDS Institute, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Martina Ahadzi
- Office of Health Insurance Programs, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Douglas Fish
- Office of Health Insurance Programs, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Bridget J. Anderson
- AIDS Institute, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
- New York State Center for Community Health, Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Charles Neighbors
- Department of Data Science, Partnership to End Addiction, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Baim-Lance A, Addison D, Archer N, Gordon P, Duke S, Shubert V, Nash D, Robertson M. Integrating a Resilience Framework to Assess Implementation of a Novel HIV Care Re-Engagement Model in NYC. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023; 94:308-316. [PMID: 37851952 PMCID: PMC10609692 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Bottom Up Project, a collaboration of clinical, community, and academic partners, consists of 7 major steps that leverage a health information exchange, a system for sharing patient health information, with real-time alerts to mobilize peer outreach workers to find and re-engage persons with HIV disconnected from care. Bottom Up faced implementation challenges in its start-up phase and produced effective responses leading to Project maturation, which we explore using a novel implementation science framework incorporating resilience. METHODS We conducted semistructured interviews with implementation staff (N = 6) and meeting minutes and protocols document reviews (N = 35). The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and a novel resilience framework guided thematic and process analyses. The resilience framework consisted of the following 3 resilience types: absorptive to cope with adversity, adaptive to adjust as short-term solutions, and transformative to structurally change. RESULTS The Project experienced 20 major challenges, 2-5 challenges per step. Challenges were multilevel and of chronic and crisis intensities. Implementers overcame challenges by leveraging multilevel factors that were absorptive, adaptive (most common), and transformative. DISCUSSION Bottom Up matured by practicing consistency and flexibility. The Project maintained core operations while under crisis-level stress by strategically simplifying or "downshifting" activities. Transformational responses suggest that specific initiatives can catalyze organizational change. CONCLUSIONS Bottom Up implementation demonstrates using diverse tactics to respond to challenges, thereby shaping Project development and in turn organizations. Applying resilience to Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research helps build awareness of active and dynamic processes promoting or impeding the growth and success of intervention-oriented Projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Baim-Lance
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx VA
| | - Diane Addison
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY
| | | | - Peter Gordon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; and
| | | | | | - Denis Nash
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - McKaylee Robertson
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx VA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY
- Housing Works, New York, NY
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; and
- Alliance for Positive Change, New York, NY
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Baryshnikova NV, Wesselbaum D. Air pollution and motor vehicle collisions in New York city. Environ Pollut 2023; 337:122595. [PMID: 37734635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Road traffic accidents are a pervasive feature of everyday life, killing 36,500 people, injuring 4.5 million and, overall, generating costs to the American society of $340 billion in 2019. Understanding the underlying factors can improve the design of prevention strategies. We use all road traffic collisions in New York City between 2013 and 2021 (N = 1,269,600) and match each individual collision to the nearest weather and air pollution station. Our study uses highly disaggregated data using an hourly frequency of collisions at a fine spatial level incorporating various air pollutants and weather factors. We employ an instrumental variable approach using temperature inversions to provide exogenous variation in air pollution addressing endogeneity and measurement error concerns. We find that higher concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) increase the number of collisions but leave the severity (persons injured or killed) unaffected. Part of this can be explained by the effect of air pollutants on aggressive behavior: CO (p < .05) and SO2 (p < .01) increase the number of collisions caused by aggressive driving. Interestingly, this channel is only present in male drivers. Our results provide additional evidence that air pollution not only adversely affects health, but also has "non-health" related effects which are costly for the society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V Baryshnikova
- School of Economics, University of Adelaide, 10 Pulteney Street, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Dennis Wesselbaum
- Department of Economics, University of Otago, 60 Clyde Steet, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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Dorabawila V, Maduka D, Barnes V, Ramesh N, Hoefer D. Contact tracing: Characteristics of COVID-19 cases that provided contacts. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293208. [PMID: 37917769 PMCID: PMC10621982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study evaluated COVID-19 contact tracing efforts to identify variations in contact tracing outcomes in different population subgroups. Contact tracing was a critical tool to slow the COVID-19 epidemic. A literature gap evaluating contact tracing elicitation exits, particularly on prioritized groups. We analyzed data from COVID-19 cases linking statewide case management, immunization, laboratory testing, and hospitalization databases in New York State (NYS) outside of New York City from February 1 to November 30, 2021. Focus was cases in home-based residential settings (excluding congregate care) and prioritized groups (educational institutions, large households, close quarters, higher-risk persons, hospitalized). The primary outcome was completed interviews that provided a contact. Of the 550,850 cases interviewed during the study period, 316,645 (57.5%) provided at least one contact. Adults aged 18 to 49 years were most likely to provide contacts than those aged 65 years and older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-1.45). Compared to unvaccinated cases, boosted individuals (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.50-1.73) were most likely to provide contacts, followed by persons with only a primary vaccine series (aOR, 1.3; 95%CI, 1.28-1.33) and partially vaccinated (aOR, 1.21; 95%CI, 1.18-1.24). Repeat cases (aOR, 1.07; 95%CI, 1.01-1.14), pregnant persons (aOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1,19-1.34), those with underlying conditions (aOR 1.22; 95%CI, 1.20-1.23), and those in K-12 settings (aOR 1.55; 95%CI, 1.50-1.61) were more likely to provide contacts. There was no clear association between hospitalized, while zip code level income may (aOR, 1.006; 95%CI, 1.003, 1.009). Persons from larger households were more likely to provide contacts: aOR for two or more persons vs. one person households ranged from 2.49 to 4.7 (95%CI, 2.20-4.78). Our findings indicate success in eliciting contacts from prioritized groups and identify variable contact elicitation outcomes from different population groups. These results may serve as a tool for future contact tracing efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajeera Dorabawila
- Bureau of Surveillance and Data Systems, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Doris Maduka
- Bureau of Surveillance and Data Systems, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Virgile Barnes
- Bureau of Surveillance and Data Systems, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Nirmala Ramesh
- Bureau of Surveillance and Data Systems, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Dina Hoefer
- Bureau of Surveillance and Data Systems, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
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Stanton E, Biedry J, Rochlin D, Sheckter C. The Association of Structural Fires With Heating Complaints and Race in New York City. J Burn Care Res 2023; 44:1316-1322. [PMID: 37718559 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The devastating fire on January 9, 2022, led to the death of 8 children and 9 adults in New York City's Bronx borough. Previous reports have suggested that heating complaints in low socioeconomic Black/Latinx communities are frequently ignored. This trend suggests the existence of housing inequities and landlord negligence, which may lead to higher rates of residential fires in the Bronx and other low-income neighborhoods. However, this assertion has yet to be scientifically investigated. Two datasets (New York City Open Data Portal Fire Incident Dispatch and 311 Heat/Hot Water Complaints) were merged to determine the frequency of heating complaints and structural fires per month among community districts in New York City between 2017 and 2022. The primary outcome was structural fires per month which was modeled using a mixed effects multivariable regression allowing random intercepts for individual community districts. Within New York City's 59 community districts, 3,877 heating complaints were filed against 3,989 structural fires during the study period. The mixed effects model demonstrated a significant relationship between heat complaints and frequency of structural fires (coefficient 0.013, 95% confidence interval 0.012-0.014, P < .001). For the decennial census year 2020, the mixed effects model demonstrated a significant association between heat complaints and proportion of non-Hispanic, Black residents (coefficient 0.493, 95% confidence interval 0.330-0.657, P < .001). This highlights a trend in marginalized racial/ethnic communities, where unresolved heating complaints may force residents to resort to dangerous heating practices, inadvertently leading to fires and morbidity/mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Stanton
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Julia Biedry
- Solution Engineer, Tableau Software, a Salesforce Company, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
| | - Danielle Rochlin
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Clifford Sheckter
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Regional Burn Center, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA 95128, USA
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Pardi J, Ford S, Cooper G. Validation of an analytical method for quantitation of metonitazene and isotonitazene in plasma, blood, urine, liver and brain and application to authentic postmortem casework in New York City. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 47:648-655. [PMID: 37638699 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Starting in 2019, an emerging class of novel opioids causing public health concern was benzimidazole opioids, also known as "nitazenes." Two nitazenes, isotonitazene and metonitazene, were detected in postmortem samples received at the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner. A protein precipitation extraction procedure was developed and validated for metonitazene and isotonitazene using 50 μL of blood, serum, liver, brain and urine utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of detection for both analytes was 0.10 ng/mL in plasma, blood and brain and 1.0 ng/mL for urine and liver. The developed method was applied to authentic casework in which isotonitazene was detected in 10 cases between 2021 and 2022, with femoral blood concentrations ranging from 0.11 to 12 ng/mL. Metonitazene was detected in four cases in 2022, with concentrations ranging from 0.10 to 1.5 ng/mL in femoral blood. All but one case had the presence of fentanyl and/or fentanyl analogs, and the next most commonly encountered analyte in these cases was xylazine. The manner of death was accidental for all cases with a detected nitazene, and all but one case was attributed to mixed drug intoxications. None of the cases reported the identified nitazene compound as the sole intoxicant responsible for death. The opioid crisis continues to tear apart communities throughout the world, including New York City. Continued research and communication regarding these drugs helps to fight this crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Pardi
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Toxicology Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Sue Ford
- Toxicology Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Gail Cooper
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Maury M, Slopen M, Lim S, Levanon Seligson A, Waldfogel J, Wimer C. Early Effects of the New York City Paid Safe and Sick Leave Law. J Public Health Manag Pract 2023; 29:791-801. [PMID: 37487499 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Paid sick leave (PSL) is a public health strategy associated with benefits for workers, businesses, and consumers. In the absence of a federal law, in 2014, New York City (NYC) joined other state and municipal governments with local PSL policies. OBJECTIVES To examine changes in PSL after the implementation of NYC's 2014 Paid Safe and Sick Leave Law and to assess which communities remain less likely to use PSL. DESIGN This study uses data from multiple panels of the NYC Longitudinal Survey of Wellbeing (NYC-LSW)-a population-representative study of NYC adults-to track changes in PSL, using data collected before and after NYC's Paid Safe and Sick Leave Law was implemented. We use weighted cross-tabulations and multinomial logistic regression models to assess changes in payment for sick leave since the implementation of the law. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The study includes 2985 NYC adults aged 18 to 64 years who reported working for pay in the year preceding the survey where PSL questions were asked (2014-2019). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Use of sick leave and payment for sick leave. RESULTS Weighted descriptive results show a 7-percentage-point increase ( P = .02) in the rate of being paid for all sick days and a 6-percentage-point decrease ( P = .02) in not being paid for any sick days. Results from multinomial logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders, show that after implementation of the law, workers with low levels of education, who are younger, Latino, and foreign-born remain less likely than their peers to use PSL. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that the PSL mandate expanded access for employees but not evenly across groups. These results offer guidance to other jurisdictions implementing PSL policies, suggesting the need for targeted education and enforcement efforts to ensure policies reach sectors where low-wage workers are most prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Maury
- Columbia University Center on Poverty and Social Policy, New York City, New York (Mr Maury and Drs Slopen, Waldfogel, and Wimer); and Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, New York (Drs Lim and Levanon Seligson)
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47
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Arnold C. Digging into Exposure Disparities: Mapping Lead Service Lines in New York City. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:114001. [PMID: 37918850 PMCID: PMC10622229 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
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Wanyo CA. Wald's leadership: Public health nurses' response to the 1918 influenza pandemic. Public Health Nurs 2023; 40:868-875. [PMID: 37555505 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic brings to light similarities to the 1918 influenza pandemic, one of the deadliest outbreaks in United States history. The work of the Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service also referred to the public health nurses for that time, was a critical part of the New York City response. This case study examined Lillian Wald's leadership in directing the public health nursing response in New York City during the second wave of the influenza pandemic, from September through December of 1918. A historical social framework was used. Primary sources included the Lillian Wald Papers in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University in New York, Wald's (1934) Windows on Henry Street, medical, public health and nursing documents, journals, and newspaper articles published during the early 20th century. Secondary source material include works by historians Sarah Abrams, Arlene Keeling, Karen Buhler-Wilkerson, Sandra Lewenson, John Barry, and Alfred Crosby. Key findings included developing a community wide strategic plan, using data driven decisions, implementing visiting nursing services, teaching in the home, and maintaining a diverse workforce. Lessons learned can guide leadership in emergency planning, system change, infection control and disease prevention, all familiar practices of public health nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Wanyo
- School of Nursing, Mount Saint Mary College, Newburgh, New York
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Gary DE, Klingler EJ, Slutsker JS. Patient-Reported Experiences Filling Expedited Partner Therapy Prescriptions for Chlamydia, Including Recommendations for Mitigating Encountered Obstacles, New York City, 2019 to 2020. Sex Transm Dis 2023; 50:746-752. [PMID: 37824786 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expedited partner therapy (EPT) is commonly provided by prescription. Multiple barriers to prescription-EPT have been described, although information on patient experiences with this practice is limited. METHODS We conducted telephone interviews from July 2019 to January 2020, with women aged 15 to 24 years who were reported to the New York City Department of Health with chlamydia and for whom a health care provider report indicated provision of prescription-EPT (patients). A standard questionnaire was used to explore patients' experiences with filling an EPT prescription for their most recent sex partner and included questions about factors that would make it easier to obtain EPT medication. RESULTS A total of 425 young women were reported with chlamydia and indicated to have received prescription-EPT. We completed interviews with 245 of these patients (57.6%), of whom 204 affirmed receiving prescription-EPT (83.3%). Nearly all patients (193 of 204 [94.6%]) took actions to fill the EPT prescription (visited the pharmacy themselves (139 of 193 [72.0%]) or directed their partner to fill the prescription (54 of 193 [28.0%]). Among these patients, most reported obtaining medication (173 of 193 [89.6%]). A small number of patients reported ways to enhance EPT practices, including 22, 19, and 12 who reported factors related to payment, health care providers, and the pharmacy, respectively, that would make it easier to obtain medication. Patients highlighted the importance of reducing cost and increasing convenience. CONCLUSIONS Most interviewed patients successfully filled EPT prescriptions. However, some patients encountered barriers during the process. Approaches to streamline EPT practices, such as provision of medication-EPT at the point of care, are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Gary
- From the Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, NY
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50
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Chen VH, Beauchemin EL, Cuan IT, Sadana A, Olulola-Charles L, Leschi JE, Ades V. Sex Trafficking in New York City and Vulnerabilities to Re-Trafficking. J Interpers Violence 2023; 38:11501-11519. [PMID: 37421223 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231183452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Human trafficking occurs in a cycle of coercion and exploitation of vulnerable people; yet, little is known about those who are trafficked more than one time (re-trafficked). Our study sought to describe the trafficking experiences and explore vulnerabilities to re-trafficking in an urban, majority immigrant, population. This study is part of a parent cohort study that enrolls patients at the EMPOWER Center in New York City, which provides trauma-informed obstetric and gynecologic services to victims of sexual- and gender-based violence. Retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with a history of sex trafficking who were evaluated at the EMPOWER Center from February 2013 to January 2021. A total of 87 patients were enrolled in this study, 23 (26.4%) of whom had been re-trafficked. All were women. Most (88.5%) were victims of international trafficking, most often from Mexico or the Caribbean/Central America. Nine (10.3%) reported contraceptive use and six (6.9%) experienced forced substance use while trafficked. The most reported barriers that women faced in escaping trafficking were threat of violence (28.7%) and financial dependence (19.5%). Re-trafficked patients were more likely to have a history of being undocumented (odds ratio [OR] = 5.29; 95% confidence intervals [CI] [1.34, 20.94]) and experienced childhood sexual abuse (OR = 2.99; 95% CI [1.10, 8.16]), experienced childhood physical abuse (OR = 3.33; 95% CI [1.18, 9.39]), and lived with a non-parent family member (OR = 6.56; 95% CI [1.71, 25.23]). Although these vulnerabilities were no longer significant when analyzed in a parsimonious multivariate logistic regression model adjusting for the other significant variables, likely due to the limited sample size. Almost half (46.0%) reported ongoing emotional effects from being trafficked, which did not vary by re-trafficking status. Our study highlights potential pre-trafficking vulnerabilities, illustrates the complexity of the trafficking experience, and presents potential risk factors for being re-trafficked.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Annum Sadana
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | | | - Julia E Leschi
- New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, NY, USA
| | - Veronica Ades
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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