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Rahilly J, Amies-Cull B, Chang M, Cummins S, Derbyshire D, Hassan S, Huang Y, Keeble M, Liu B, Medina-Lara A, Mytton O, Rogers N, Savory B, Schiff A, Sharp SJ, Smith R, Thompson C, White M, Adams J, Burgoine T. Changes in the number of new takeaway food outlets associated with adoption of management zones around schools: A natural experimental evaluation in England. SSM Popul Health 2024; 26:101646. [PMID: 38650739 PMCID: PMC11033196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
By the end of 2017, 35 local authorities (LAs) across England had adopted takeaway management zones (or "exclusion zones") around schools as a means to curb proliferation of new takeaways. In this nationwide, natural experimental study, we evaluated the impact of management zones on takeaway retail, including unintended displacement of takeaways to areas immediately beyond management zones, and impacts on chain fast-food outlets. We used uncontrolled interrupted time series analyses to estimate changes from up to six years pre- and post-adoption of takeaway management zones around schools. We evaluated three outcomes: mean number of new takeaways within management zones (and by three identified sub-types: full management, town centre exempt and time management zones); mean number on the periphery of management zones (i.e. within an additional 100 m of the edge of zones); and presence of new chain fast-food outlets within management zones. For 26 LAs, we observed an overall decrease in the number of new takeaways opening within management zones. Six years post-intervention, we observed 0.83 (95% CI -0.30, -1.03) fewer new outlets opening per LA than would have been expected in absence of the intervention, equivalent to an 81.0% (95% CI -29.1, -100) reduction in the number of new outlets. Cumulatively, 12 (54%) fewer new takeaways opened than would have been expected over the six-year post-intervention period. When stratified by policy type, effects were most prominent for full management zones and town centre exempt zones. Estimates of intervention effects on numbers of new takeaways on the periphery of management zones, and on the presence of new chain fast-food outlets within management zones, did not meet statistical significance. Our findings suggest that management zone policies were able to demonstrably curb the proliferation of new takeaways. Modelling studies are required to measure the possible population health impacts associated with this change.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rahilly
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Ben Amies-Cull
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Chang
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, UK
| | - Steven Cummins
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Tropical Hygiene and Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Daniel Derbyshire
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Suzan Hassan
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Tropical Hygiene and Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Yuru Huang
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthew Keeble
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Bochu Liu
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Antonieta Medina-Lara
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Oliver Mytton
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Nina Rogers
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Bea Savory
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Tropical Hygiene and Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Annie Schiff
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard Smith
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Claire Thompson
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Martin White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jean Adams
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Thomas Burgoine
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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De Weger LA, Bakker-Jonges LE, De Groot H, Kuppen HHJM, Batenburg WW, Van Leeuwen A, Koenders M, Van Vliet AJH. Method to develop a regional guide for the allergenic potential of tree pollen. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171575. [PMID: 38461999 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis, caused by airborne pollen, is a common disease with a great impact on the quality of life for patients and high costs for society. Prevention of high pollen concentrations in the air is relevant for creating a safe environment for allergic patients. Due to climate change, the heat in cities during the summer is a recurring problem. The local climate can be improved by using the cooling properties of trees, providing shade and cooling by evapotranspiration. When deciding which tree species will be planted, it is important to take into account the allergenicity of the pollen that the tree produces. Available guides, used all over the world, on the allergenicity of pollen are very divers in content and interpretation and not applicable for the Netherlands. In this study a method is described to develop a guide for the allergenic potential of tree pollen in a region, in this case the Netherlands. For the most common tree species in the Netherlands the scientific knowledge on the allergenicity of the pollen was collected, followed by an inventory on regional pollen abundance. Subsequently, the sensitization pattern in a patient group with possible inhalation allergy was analyzed. Based on these data allergenicity of the tree pollen was classified into five classes. Eight tree species/genera of the 61 most planted tree species in the Netherlands are considered to have a very strong to moderate allergenic potential. We propose to use this methodology to develop regional-specific guides classifying the allergenic potential of tree pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letty A De Weger
- Department of Pulmonology and Department of Pulmonology and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Liesbeth E Bakker-Jonges
- Department of Medical Immunology, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Reinier de Graafweg 5, 2625 AD Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Hans De Groot
- Department of Allergology, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Reinier de Graafweg 5, 2625 AD Delft, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Wendy W Batenburg
- Terra Nostra, Abbekesdoel 22a, 2971 VA Bleskensgraaf, the Netherlands.
| | - Anna Van Leeuwen
- Municipal Health Service (GGD), Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Department of Environmental Health, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mieke Koenders
- Clinical Chemistry, Elkerliek Helmond, Wesselmanlaan 25, 5707 HA Helmond, the Netherlands.
| | - Arnold J H Van Vliet
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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3
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Dobrowolska E, Kopczewska K. Mapping urban well-being with Quality Of Life Index (QOLI) at the fine-scale of grid data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9680. [PMID: 38678035 PMCID: PMC11055921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Accessibility of transport infrastructure, commercial amenities, recreational facilities, and green spaces is widely recognised as crucial to the well-being of urban residents. However, these features are often unevenly distributed across the geographical boundaries of a city, leading to disparities in the local quality of life. This study focuses on the city of Warsaw, Poland, and uses the aforementioned characteristics and the framework of the '15-min city' concept to construct a grid-level urban Quality of Life Index (QOLI) that facilitates comparisons between the city's districts and local neighbourhoods. The results of our study reveal a "high-inside, low-outside" pattern of quality of life, characterised by higher standards of living in the central districts and lower standards at the city's periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Dobrowolska
- Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, Ul. Dluga 44/50, 00-241, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kopczewska
- Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, Ul. Dluga 44/50, 00-241, Warsaw, Poland.
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Moroń D, Beim M, Gudowska A, Angeoletto F, Celary W, Cwajna A, Indykiewicz P, Lenda M, Marjańska E, Menzel A, Skórka P, Tryjanowski P. Evaluating tramway infrastructure on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9394. [PMID: 38658624 PMCID: PMC11043073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tramways in urban areas for mass transit has been suggested to have a lower environmental footprint than roads. However, studies on the impact of tramways and the surrounding infrastructure on biodiversity is extremely rare despite the potential ecological effects associated with this anthropogenic feature. Surprisingly, we found fewer than 10 papers published on tramway-wildlife interactions, which is significantly lower (vs dozens of thousands) than that of other transportation methods. As tramways and stations may be managed sustainably by planting short vegetation on the track and roofs of tramway stations, they may be good examples of land-sharing policies in green urban planning, improving both biodiversity and people's well-being. The potential environmental benefits of green practices for commercially available tramways should be strictly tested and applied, especially in the context of the growing popularity of tramway systems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Moroń
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Michał Beim
- Institute of Land Improvement, Environmental Development and Spatial Planning, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gudowska
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Fabio Angeoletto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão e Technologia Ambiental da UFR, Avenida dos Estudantes 5055, 78735-901, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil
| | - Waldemar Celary
- Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Cwajna
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Indykiewicz
- Department of Biology and Animal Environment, Bydgoszcz University of Sciences and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85084, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lenda
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Emilia Marjańska
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Annette Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Piotr Skórka
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
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Sá R, Roquette R, Rebecchi A, Matias J, Rocha J, Buffoli M, Capolongo S, Ribeiro AI, Nunes B, Dias C, Sousa Uva M. Association between area-level walkability and glycated haemoglobin: a Portuguese population-based study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1116. [PMID: 38654178 PMCID: PMC11036776 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes poses a substantial disease burden, prompting preventive interventions. Physical inactivity, a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, can potentially be mitigated by enhancing area-level walkability. Despite this, limited population-based studies have investigated the link between walkability and objective diabetes measures. Our study aims to estimate the association between area-level walkability and individual glycated haemoglobin levels in the Portuguese adult population without the diagnosis of diabetes. Data from the 2011 census and an updated street map were obtained to construct a walkability index based on residential density, land-use mix, and street connectivity. Individual health data were sourced from The National Health Examination Survey (INSEF) 2015, a representative survey of the Portuguese adult population. Gamma regression was employed for estimation of the main associations, revealing that residing in moderately walkable areas significantly reduced average glycated haemoglobin levels (Exp(β) = 0.906; 95% CI: 0.821, 0.999) compared to the least walkable areas. The association was less pronounced and not statistically significant for the third tertile of walkability (Exp(β) = 0.919; 95% CI: 0.822, 1.028). Our findings highlight a nonlinear protective association between walkability and glycated haemoglobin, emphasizing the potential policy implications for urban planning, diabetes prevention, and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Sá
- Unidade de Saúde Pública, Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde (ACES) do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Unidade de Saúde Pública, Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde (ACES) Algarve I, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Rita Roquette
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andrea Rebecchi
- Design & Health Lab, Department of Architecture, Built environment and Construction Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Judite Matias
- Unidade de Saúde Pública, Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde (ACES) do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge Rocha
- Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território (IGOT), Universidade de Lisboa e Laboratório Associado TERRA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maddalena Buffoli
- Design & Health Lab, Department of Architecture, Built environment and Construction Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Capolongo
- Design & Health Lab, Department of Architecture, Built environment and Construction Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Isabel Ribeiro
- Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia (EPIUnit), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Baltazar Nunes
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública (CISP), Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP-NOVA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Dias
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública (CISP), Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP-NOVA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Sousa Uva
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública (CISP), Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP-NOVA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal
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Grilo F, McPhearson T, Nunes A, Aleixo C, Santos-Reis M, Branquinho C. Where the not-so-wild things are in cities? The influence of social-ecological factors in urban trees at multiple scales. Sci Total Environ 2024; 929:172552. [PMID: 38643878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Green infrastructure plays an essential role in cities due to the ecosystem services it provides. However, these elements are shaped by social and ecological factors that influence their distribution and diversity, affecting ecological functions and human well-being. Here, we analyzed neighborhood tree distribution - trees in pocket parks, squares and along streets - in Lisbon (Portugal) and modelled tree abundance and taxonomic and functional diversity, at the parish and local scales, considering a comprehensive list of social and ecological factors. For the functional analyses, we included functional traits linked to dispersal, resilience to important perturbations in coastal Mediterranean cities, and ecosystem services delivery. Our results show not only that trees are unevenly distributed across the city, but that there is a strong influence of social factors on all biological indices considered. At the parish and local scales, abundance and diversity responded to different factors, with abundance being linked to both social and ecological variables. Although the influence of social factors on urban trees can be expected, by modelling their influence we can quantify how much humans modify urban landscapes at a structural and functional level. These associations can underlie potential biodiversity filters and should be analyzed over time to inform decisions that support long-term ecological resilience, maximize trait functional expression, and increase equity in ecosystem services delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Grilo
- cE3c - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Timon McPhearson
- Urban Systems Lab, The New School, New York, NY, USA; Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alice Nunes
- cE3c - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Aleixo
- cE3c - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Santos-Reis
- cE3c - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- cE3c - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Falasca F, Sette C, Montaldi C. Addressing land use planning: A methodology for assessing pre- and post-landslide event urban configurations. Sci Total Environ 2024; 921:171152. [PMID: 38408655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
With urban areas projected to accommodate 68 % of the global population by 2050, the imperative for inclusive, safe, and sustainable cities becomes paramount. In the timeline of urban centers, landslides represent one of the most destructive phenomena, involving several resources allocation with private and public investments, sometimes claiming human lives. By synergically connecting environmental, planning, and configurational spheres, this study seeks to support the proactive management of landslide risk. The proposed three-step methodology allowed to quantify the environmental features involved in landslide occurrence, evaluate planning framework vulnerabilities, and suggest alternative configurations for urban areas that experienced landslides. The methodology has been applied to the case study involving a tragic landslide in Casamicciola Terme (Italy) in November 2022. First, the stream network and the drainage basin corresponding to confluence point of the landslide into the sea have been calculated (environmental elaborations). Subsequently, these elaborations have been overlapped with the runoff mitigation and the sediment deposition layers, extracted through the INVEST software. Secondly, the reconnaissance of the local and superordinate planning levels has been realized, to deepen planning tools cogency on the study area, contextually deepening the constraints that characterize it. From the overlapping of these two steps, free landslide risk areas have been located. Finally, based on the available territorial surface (Sta) and the territorial cover ratio (Rct), two territorial configuration scenarios have been proposed, envisaging the relocation of the buildings involved into the landslide. Results show that landslide originated by three out of five gullies. Some portions of the urban areas of Casamicciola Terme are still under high and very high hydrogeological risk. Contextually, it emerges poor attention from the local planners to the superordinate planning framework. Historic settlement has an Rct of 33.64 %, while areas in which relocate the built up show an Rct of 32,45 % for scenario 1 and 27,9 % for scenario 2. The methodology resulted useful to address planning vulnerabilities, supporting the realization of alternative configurational scenarios. We expect our research to contribute to the evolving field of disaster risk reduction, by providing a systematic approach to manage landslide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Falasca
- Department of Civil, Construction-Architecture and Environmental Engineering, University of L'Aquila, Via G. Gronchi, 18, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Camilla Sette
- Department of Civil, Construction-Architecture and Environmental Engineering, University of L'Aquila, Via G. Gronchi, 18, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Cristina Montaldi
- Department of Civil, Construction-Architecture and Environmental Engineering, University of L'Aquila, Via G. Gronchi, 18, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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8
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Besson M, Tiruta-Barna L, Paul E, Spérandio M. Impact of urbanism on source separation systems: A life cycle assessment. Sci Total Environ 2024; 921:171050. [PMID: 38369139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the effect of different urban configuration regarding the choice of wastewater management of the district with source separation systems. Understanding this link can guide researchers, and also urban actors, in order to choose the best source separation solution to implement in a specific urban configuration. For this purpose, an integrated modelling approach was used to model the district with different types of urban planning, the water resources recovery facility (WRRF) and create a life cycle inventory to carry out a life cycle assessment (LCA). Six different urban configurations were tested with three different source separation scenarios and compared with an advanced WRRF with high level of nutrients and organic matter recovery. This study concludes that urine source separation is beneficial compared to advanced WWRF for all the urban configurations. Sewer construction was identified as the main contributor to environmental impact for the low-density configuration (pavilions), limiting the benefits of source separation in this urban settlement. Blackwater separation with a decentralised treatment is only beneficial for high densely populated area. Treatment of blackwater and greywater for reuse, has greater impact than reference scenario, in all urban configurations, due to high energy consumption for greywater treatment. Future research should therefore explore technical solutions for limiting the energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Besson
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 04, France.
| | - Ligia Tiruta-Barna
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 04, France
| | - Etienne Paul
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 04, France
| | - Mathieu Spérandio
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 04, France
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Tiwari AK, Antoniuk VS, Lapo AS, Vansovich ER. Managing urban agglomeration processes in Russia in the context of agglomerative and socio-economic development. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28654. [PMID: 38586415 PMCID: PMC10998130 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies on urban agglomeration typically focus on the management of urban agglomerations as special types of spatial organization. The problem of finding an adequate management model which accounts for the level of spatial connectivity and socio-economic development of a given territory remains in the background. This article identifies urban agglomeration management models in Russia which account for the agglomerative and socio-economic development of a given territory. A methodology for assessing urban agglomeration processes is presented which, unlike existing methodologies, includes an assessment of agglomeration maturity and an assessment of the socio-economic development of urban agglomerations. This methodology is based on conceptual platforms within spatial development theory; new economic geography; and agglomeration theory and cluster development. The methodology was tested on the data of Chelyabinsk Region agglomerations. The study determined that the Chelyabinsk and Gorniy Ural agglomerations are socio-economically developed and highly agglomerated, while the Magnitogorsk agglomeration shows high socio-economic development and low agglomeration. The conurbations are underdeveloped in both areas. The paper gives several recommendations on methods for choosing urban agglomeration management models. The developed methodology can be used to assess agglomerations across Russia and to choose the most adequate management model for a territory depending on its agglomerative and socio-economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviral Kumar Tiwari
- Indian Institute of Management Bodh Gaya (IIM Bodh Gaya), Bodh Gaya, 824234, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Valentina S. Antoniuk
- Head of the Department of Economics, Regional Economy, State and Municipal Management. South Ural State University, 76 Prospekt Lenina, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Anastasiya S. Lapo
- Department of Economics, Regional Economy, State and Municipal Management, South Ural State University, 76 Prospekt Lenina, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Elmira R. Vansovich
- Department of Economics, Regional Economy, State and Municipal Management, South Ural State University, 76 Prospekt Lenina, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
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10
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DiNapoli B, Jull M. Evaluating plans for sustainable development in Arctic cities. Ambio 2024:10.1007/s13280-023-01974-6. [PMID: 38592652 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Cities located in the Arctic often have extreme geographic and environmental contexts and unique sociopolitical and economic trajectories that, when combined with amplified effects of climate change in the region, impact future sustainable development. Well-recognized and standardized sustainable development indicator (SDI) frameworks such as ISO 37120 or UN-Habitat City Prosperity Index are often used to compare data across cities globally using comprehensive sets of indicators. While such indexes help characterize progress toward development and guide short- and long-term decision-making, they often lack relevance to specific contexts or characterize future visions of urban growth. To evaluate the extent of these deficiencies and to provide a comparative analysis of approaches to sustainable urban growth in the Arctic, this paper analyzes city planning documents for five northern cities - Anchorage (USA), Utqiagvik (USA), Reyjavik (ISL), Iqaluit, (CAN), Whitehorse, (CAN) - for goals, targets, and indicators and compare these to thematic areas and indicators defined by ISO 37120:2018 Sustainable Cities and Communities. The results confirm that although international SDI frameworks may be useful for comparative analysis of cities across diverse regions, they exclude important local factors that influence goal-oriented urban sustainability planning strategies employed in the Arctic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin DiNapoli
- Department of Architecture, University of Virginia, 110 Bayly Dr, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
| | - Matthew Jull
- Department of Architecture, University of Virginia, 110 Bayly Dr, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
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11
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Doiron D, Setton EM, Syer J, Redivo A, McKee A, Noaeen M, Patel P, Booth GL, Brauer M, Fuller D, Kestens Y, Rosella LC, Stieb D, Villeneuve PJ, Brook JR. HealthyPlan.City: A Web Tool to Support Urban Environmental Equity and Public Health in Canadian Communities. J Urban Health 2024:10.1007/s11524-024-00855-x. [PMID: 38587782 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Urban environmental factors such as air quality, heat islands, and access to greenspaces and community amenities impact public health. Some vulnerable populations such as low-income groups, children, older adults, new immigrants, and visible minorities live in areas with fewer beneficial conditions, and therefore, face greater health risks. Planning and advocating for equitable healthy urban environments requires systematic analysis of reliable spatial data to identify where vulnerable populations intersect with positive or negative urban/environmental characteristics. To facilitate this effort in Canada, we developed HealthyPlan.City ( https://healthyplan.city/ ), a freely available web mapping platform for users to visualize the spatial patterns of built environment indicators, vulnerable populations, and environmental inequity within over 125 Canadian cities. This tool helps users identify areas within Canadian cities where relatively higher proportions of vulnerable populations experience lower than average levels of beneficial environmental conditions, which we refer to as Equity priority areas. Using nationally standardized environmental data from satellite imagery and other large geospatial databases and demographic data from the Canadian Census, HealthyPlan.City provides a block-by-block snapshot of environmental inequities in Canadian cities. The tool aims to support urban planners, public health professionals, policy makers, and community organizers to identify neighborhoods where targeted investments and improvements to the local environment would simultaneously help communities address environmental inequities, promote public health, and adapt to climate change. In this paper, we report on the key considerations that informed our approach to developing this tool and describe the current web-based application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Doiron
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Eleanor M Setton
- Geography Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Joey Syer
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andre Redivo
- Geography Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Allan McKee
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad Noaeen
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Priya Patel
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gillian L Booth
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Fuller
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yan Kestens
- École de Santé Publique de L'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura C Rosella
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dave Stieb
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Hull C, Giliomee JH, Visser M, Booysen M(T. Survey data on the socio-economic characteristics and electric vehicle perceptions of paratransit owners and drivers in and around the Cape Town Metropole of South Africa. Data Brief 2024; 53:110126. [PMID: 38357456 PMCID: PMC10864867 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The survey data contain information on the socio-economic characteristics and intention of electric vehicle (EV) adoption amongst paratransit owners and drivers, to address knowledge gaps and inform policy-making in paratransit electrification. The data were collected by distributing a Microsoft Forms survey questionnaire among paratransit owners and drivers in and around Cape Town, South Africa. The questions in the survey were designed to gain information, and to provide information on the latent constructs of the behavioural framework constructed in "Electric vehicle adoption intention among paratransit owners and drivers in South Africa". The data were used in the aforementioned paper to shed light on the attitudes, barriers, and enablers to EV adoption in the paratransit sector, providing insights for targeted interventions and promoting sustainable mobility. The data can be re-used for more in-depth studies of, as well as comparative studies assessing the socio-economic profiles and EV perceptions of paratransit owners and drivers in vs. other regions, and longitudinal studies benchmarking changes in EV perceptions in these demographics over time. Comparative studies could identify regional variations, cultural influences, and policy implications for promoting EV adoption in different contexts, and longitudinal studies can assess the effectiveness of interventions, policy changes, or technological advancements on EV adoption in the paratransit sector over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoper Hull
- Energy and Power Group, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Johan H. Giliomee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Martine Visser
- School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M.J. (Thinus) Booysen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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13
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Bolaños-Martinez D, Bermudez-Edo M, Garrido JL, Delgado-Márquez BL. Spatio-temporal dynamics of vehicles: Fusion of traffic data and context information. Data Brief 2024; 53:110084. [PMID: 38357457 PMCID: PMC10865200 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a dataset for vehicle tracking in a rural area. Specifically, in the Barranco de Poqueira region, which includes the municipalities of Pampaneira, Bubión, and Capileira in the Sierra Nevada National Park, Granada, Spain. Four Hikvision License Plate Recognition (LPR) cameras collect vehicle entries and exits to each village. Additional contextual data, including vacation calendars, vehicle origins, and socio-demographic information, enrich the dataset. The dataset comprises three files covering nine months from February to October 2022: one with raw data directly extracted from the cameras, another aggregated at the visit level and including context information, and a third aggregated by vehicles with context information. These datasets can be useful for mobility studies, urban planning, tourism, and socio-demographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bolaños-Martinez
- Computer Science School and Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, C/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Bermudez-Edo
- Computer Science School and Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, C/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Garrido
- Computer Science School and Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, C/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Blanca L. Delgado-Márquez
- Department of Business Management and European Institute of Sustainability Management, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
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14
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Absalan F, Hatam F, Blokker M, Besner MC, Prévost M, Bichai F. Impact of heat islands vs. city greening: Real-time monitoring and modeling of drinking water temperature in the city of Montreal in Canada. Water Res 2024; 256:121490. [PMID: 38614028 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Urbanization increases the land surface temperature through surface mineralization, adversely affecting vegetation and enhancing the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Global climate change has intensified this warming effect with more frequent and intense heatwaves during hot seasons. While these transformations influence soil temperature, their consequences on drinking water temperature within the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) remains poorly understood. Literature proposes to increase pipe burial depths to mitigate drinking water heating during summer. In this study, we monitored drinking water temperatures in a DWDS in Montreal, Canada with deeply buried pipes (average 1.8 m) during the summer of 2022, focusing on two contrasting zones in terms of UHI and green coverage. Monitoring revealed a 8°C heating effect compared to the water treatment plant, attributed to low green coverage and anthropogenic heat. Conversely, the greener zone exhibited cooler drinking water temperatures, reaching a maximum cooling effect of 8°C as compared to the temperature at the exit of the water treatment plant. Utilizing a soil and water temperature model, we predicted drinking water temperatures within the DWDS with acceptable accuracy. Soil temperature modeling results aligned well with measured water temperatures, highlighting DWDS water temperature approaching its surrounding soil temperature fairly quickly. Despite heatwaves, no immediate correlation emerged between air temperature records and measured water temperatures, emphasizing soil temperature as a superior indicator. An increase in water age displayed no correlation with an increase in measured water temperature, underscoring the dominant influence of UHI and green coverage on water temperature. These findings highlight the cooling advantages of green spaces during summer, providing valuable insights for sustainable urban planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Absalan
- NSERC Industrial Chair in Drinking Water, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, CP 6079, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Fatemeh Hatam
- NSERC Industrial Chair in Drinking Water, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, CP 6079, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Mirjam Blokker
- KWR Water Research Institute, Delft University of Technology, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | | | - Michèle Prévost
- NSERC Industrial Chair in Drinking Water, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, CP 6079, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Françoise Bichai
- NSERC Industrial Chair in Drinking Water, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, CP 6079, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
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15
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Yang L, Li Q, Li Q, Zhao L, Luo Z, Liu Y. Different explanations for surface and canopy urban heat island effects in relation to background climate. iScience 2024; 27:108863. [PMID: 38361609 PMCID: PMC10867416 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The background climatic conditions and urban morphology greatly influence urban heat island effects (UHIs), but one-size-fits-all solutions are frequently employed to mitigate UHIs. Here, attribution models for surface UHIs (SUHIs) and canopy UHIs (CUHIs) were developed to describe UHI formation. The contribution of factors to SUHIs and CUHIs shows similar dependencies on background climate and urban morphology. Furthermore, the factors that mainly contributed to CUHIs were more complex, and anthropogenic heat was the more critical factor. Influence from urban morphology also highlights that there is no one-size-fit-all solution for heat mitigation at the neighborhood. In particular, maintaining a low building density should be prioritized, especially mitigating CUHIs. Moreover, it is more effective to prioritize urban irrigation maintenance over increasing green cover in arid regions but the opposite in humid regions. The work can provide scientific evidence to support developing general and regional guidelines for urban heat mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Building, Department of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710055, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Building, Department of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710055, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Building, Department of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710055, P.R. China
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16
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Liu Y, Han B, Lu F, Gong C, Ouyang Z, Jiang C, Zhang X. Improving water efficiency is more effective in mitigating water stress than water transfer in Chinese cities. iScience 2024; 27:109195. [PMID: 38420584 PMCID: PMC10901087 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The interactions between human and natural systems and their effects have unforeseen results, particularly in the management of water resources. Using water stress mitigation as an example, a water resources management effect index (WRMEI) was created to quantitatively evaluate the trends of water management effects. This revealed that the WRMEI was decreasing due to the impact of the water resources management process. The findings demonstrate that water resources management has unintended effects: there was a gap between the expectation of water stress to be mitigated and the actual results of water stress increasing. That is caused by human activities in water utilization: (1) increasing available water resources from water transfer was not utilized sparingly in the receiving cities-increased water transfers from external sources increase domestic water consumption per capita; (2) improving water efficiency has a positive effect on mitigating water stress, but the population growth decreased the efficiency. It was concluded that much greater attention needs to be paid to water conservation in residential and living use to counter these unintended water management effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Baolong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Cheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - C.Q. Jiang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Real Estate and Construction, Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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17
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Nieuwenhuijsen M, de Nazelle A, Pradas MC, Daher C, Dzhambov AM, Echave C, Gössling S, Iungman T, Khreis H, Kirby N, Khomenko S, Leth U, Lorenz F, Matkovic V, Müller J, Palència L, Pereira Barboza E, Pérez K, Tatah L, Tiran J, Tonne C, Mueller N. The Superblock model: A review of an innovative urban model for sustainability, liveability, health and well-being. Environ Res 2024; 251:118550. [PMID: 38432569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current urban and transport planning practices have significant negative health, environmental, social and economic impacts in most cities. New urban development models and policies are needed to reduce these negative impacts. The Superblock model is one such innovative urban model that can significantly reduce these negative impacts through reshaping public spaces into more diverse uses such as increase in green space, infrastructure supporting social contacts and physical activity, and through prioritization of active mobility and public transport, thereby reducing air pollution, noise and urban heat island effects. This paper reviews key aspects of the Superblock model, its implementation and initial evaluations in Barcelona and the potential international uptake of the model in Europe and globally, focusing on environmental, climate, lifestyle, liveability and health aspects. METHODS We used a narrative meta-review approach and PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched using specific terms. RESULTS The implementation of the Super block model in Barcelona is slow, but with initial improvement in, for example, environmental, lifestyle, liveability and health indicators, although not so consistently. When applied on a large scale, the implementation of the Superblock model is not only likely to result in better environmental conditions, health and wellbeing, but can also contribute to the fight against the climate crisis. There is a need for further expansion of the program and further evaluation of its impacts and answers to related concerns, such as environmental equity and gentrification, traffic and related environmental exposure displacement. The implementation of the Superblock model gained a growing international reputation and variations of it are being planned or implemented in cities worldwide. Initial modelling exercises showed that it could be implemented in large parts of many cities. CONCLUSION The Superblock model is an innovative urban model that addresses environmental, climate, liveability and health concerns in cities. Adapted versions of the Barcelona Superblock model are being implemented in cities around Europe and further implementation, monitoring and evaluation are encouraged. The Superblock model can be considered an important public health intervention that will reduce mortality and morbidity and generate cost savings for health and other sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiolog'ıa y Salud Pu'blica (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Cirach Pradas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiolog'ıa y Salud Pu'blica (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolyn Daher
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel M Dzhambov
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Group "Health and Quality of Life in a Green and Sustainable Environment", SRIPD, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Institute of Highway Engineering and Transport Planning, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; Environmental Health Division, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Cynthia Echave
- Architecture School La Salle University Ramon Llull, C. Quatre Camins 2, 08022, Barcelona, Spain; Transfer and Knowledge Society, Department of Universities and Research, Generalitat de Catalunya, Via Laietana 2, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan Gössling
- School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University, 391 82, Kalmar, Sweden; Western Norway Research Institute, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Tamara Iungman
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiolog'ıa y Salud Pu'blica (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Haneen Khreis
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolina Kirby
- Research Institute for Sustainability, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Berliner Straße 130, 14467, Potsdam, Germany; University of Stuttgart, HLRS, Nobelstraße 19, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sasha Khomenko
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiolog'ıa y Salud Pu'blica (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulrich Leth
- Research Unit of Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, Institute of Transportation, TU Wien, Karlplatz 13, 1040, Wien, Austria
| | - Florian Lorenz
- LAUT - Landscape Architecture and Urban Transformation, Thurngasse 10/5, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Vlatka Matkovic
- Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL), Avenue des Arts 7/8, 1210, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johannes Müller
- Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 4, 1210, Wien, Austria
| | - Laia Palència
- CIBER Epidemiolog'ıa y Salud Pu'blica (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), C. Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Evelise Pereira Barboza
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiolog'ıa y Salud Pu'blica (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Katherine Pérez
- CIBER Epidemiolog'ıa y Salud Pu'blica (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), C. Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lambed Tatah
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jernej Tiran
- Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Anton Melik Geographical Institute, Novi trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiolog'ıa y Salud Pu'blica (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalie Mueller
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiolog'ıa y Salud Pu'blica (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Ding H, Ren Q, Wang C, Chen H, Wang Y. Exploring the relationship between land use/land cover and apparent temperature in China (1996-2020): implications for urban planning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3214. [PMID: 38332171 PMCID: PMC10853208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, rising air temperatures (AT) and apparent temperatures (AP) have posed growing health risks. In the context of China's rapid urbanization and global climate change, it is crucial to understand the impact of urban land use/land cover (LULC) changes on AP. This study investigates the spatial distribution and long-term variation patterns of AT and AP, using data from 834 meteorological stations across China from 1996 to 2020. It also explores the relationship between AT, AP, and LULC in the urban core areas of 30 major cities. Study reveals that AT and AP exhibit overall high spatial similarity, albeit with greater spatial variance in AP. Notably, regions with significant disparities between the two have been identified. Furthermore, it's observed that the spatial range of high AP change rates is wider than that of AT. Moreover, the study suggests a potential bivariate quadratic function relationship between ΔT (the difference between AT and AP) and Wa_ratio and Ar_ratio, indicating the presence of a Least Suitable Curve (LSC), [Formula: see text]. Urban LULC planning should carefully avoid intersecting with this curve. These findings can provide valuable insights for urban LULC planning, ultimately enhancing the thermal comfort of urban residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qiuru Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yuqiu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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19
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Ziafati Bafarasat A, Sharifi A. How to Achieve a Healthy City: a Scoping Review with Ten City Examples. J Urban Health 2024; 101:120-140. [PMID: 38110772 PMCID: PMC10897125 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review of the literature explores the following question: what systematic measures are needed to achieve a healthy city? The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests 11 characteristics of a healthy city. Measures contributing to these characteristics are extracted and classified into 29 themes. Implementation of some of these measures is illustrated by examples from Freiburg, Greater Vancouver, Singapore, Seattle, New York City, London, Nantes, Exeter, Copenhagen, and Washington, DC. The identified measures and examples indicate that a healthy city is a system of healthy sectors. A discussion section suggests healthy directions for nine sectors in a healthy city. These sectors include transportation, housing, schools, city planning, local government, environmental management, retail, heritage, and healthcare. Future work is advised to put more focus on characteristic 5 (i.e., the meeting of basic needs for all the city's people) and characteristic 10 (i.e., public health and sick care services accessible to all) of a healthy city.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayyoob Sharifi
- The IDEC Institute & Network for Education and Research On Peace and Sustainability (NERPS), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- School of Architecture and Design, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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20
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Sanz-Mas M, Ubalde-López M, Borràs S, Brugueras S, Continente X, Daher C, Marí-Dell'Olmo M, López MJ. Adapting Schools to Climate Change with Green, Blue, and Grey Measures in Barcelona: Study Protocol of a Mixed-Method Evaluation. J Urban Health 2024; 101:141-154. [PMID: 38236429 PMCID: PMC10897086 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Under the framework of the Urban Innovative Actions program of the European Commission, in 2020, 11 primary schools in Barcelona were transformed into climate shelters by implementing green, blue, and grey measures. Schoolyards were also opened to the local community to be used during non-school periods. Here we present the study protocol of a mixed-method approach to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions in terms of improving environmental quality and health for users. We evaluated school level through the following: (1) quantitative pre-post quasi-experimental study, and (2) qualitative evaluation. The quantitative study included measures of (a) environmental variables (collected via low-cost and non-low-cost sensors), (b) students' health and well-being (collected via health questionnaires, attention levels test, and systematic observations), and (c) teachers' health and well-being (collected via thermal comfort measurements and health questionnaires). The qualitative methods evaluated the perceptions about the effects of the interventions among students (using Photovoice) and teachers (through focus groups). The impact of the interventions was assessed at community level during summer non-school periods through a spontaneous ethnographic approach. Data collection started in August 2019 and ended in July 2022. The evaluation provides the opportunity to identify those solutions that worked and those that need to be improved for future experiences, as well as improve the evaluation methodology and replication for these kinds of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sanz-Mas
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de La Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Ubalde-López
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de La Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sílvia Borràs
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Brugueras
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Continente
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carolyn Daher
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de La Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Marí-Dell'Olmo
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de La Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Abdrabo KI, Mabrouk M, Han H, Saber M, Kantoush SA, Sumi T. Mapping COVID-19's potential infection risk based on land use characteristics: A case study of commercial activities in two Egyptian cities. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24702. [PMID: 38312664 PMCID: PMC10834811 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The contagious COVID-19 has recently emerged and evolved into a world-threatening pandemic outbreak. After pursuing rigorous prophylactic measures two years ago, most activities globally reopened despite the emergence of lethal genetic strains. In this context, assessing and mapping activity characteristics-based hot spot regions facilitating infectious transmission is essential. Hence, our research question is: How can the potential hotspots of COVID-19 risk be defined intra-cities based on the spatial planning of commercial activity in particular? In our research, Zayed and October cities, Egypt, characterized by various commercial activities, were selected as testbeds. First, we analyzed each activity's spatial and morphological characteristics and potential infection risk based on the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) criteria and the Kriging Interpolation method. Then, using Google Mobility, previous reports, and semi-structured interviews, points of interest and population flow were defined and combined with the last step as interrelated horizontal layers for determining hotspots. A validation study compared the generated activity risk map, spatial COVID-19 cases, and land use distribution using logistic regression (LR) and Pearson coefficients (rxy). Through visual analytics, our findings indicate the central areas of both cities, including incompatible and concentrated commercial activities, have high-risk peaks (LR = 0.903, rxy = 0.78) despite the medium urban density of districts, indicating that urban density alone is insufficient for public health risk reduction. Health perspective-based spatial configuration of activities is advised as a risk assessment tool along with urban density for appropriate decision-making in shaping pandemic-resilient cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim I. Abdrabo
- Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Urban and Regional Planning, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mabrouk
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Faculty of Urban and Regional Planning, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Haoying Han
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Faculty of Innovation and Design, City University of Macau, Macau
| | - Mohamed Saber
- Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sameh A. Kantoush
- Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sumi
- Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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22
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Xu T, Su H, He B, Tian A, Guo J. Influence of multiple spatiotemporal resolutions on the performance of urban growth simulation models. iScience 2024; 27:108540. [PMID: 38161421 PMCID: PMC10755367 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The study developed a framework to investigate the impact of multiple spatial and temporal resolutions on urban growth simulation. The research utilized the convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) model and three regular models and data from 2009 to 2017 to simulate the urban area of Liangjiang New District in 2018 and determine the optimal spatiotemporal resolution for urban expansion models. The results indicated that the ConvLSTM model has the best simulation result and the ideal temporal resolution for Liangjiang district is to include the previous two years of data, with an optimal spatial resolution of 90 m and a spatiotemporal simulation zone within a two-year time step and 100 × 100 spatial information filter. At this combination, the kappa value of the ConvLSTM is 0.87 which is about 5% higher than others. Our findings revealed that the characteristics of input data can have a significant impact on simulation results and should be carefully considered during the simulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- Guangdong–Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Smart Cities, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heng Su
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- Guangdong–Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Smart Cities, Shenzhen, China
| | - Biao He
- Guangdong–Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Smart Cities, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aohua Tian
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianing Guo
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
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23
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Browning MHEM, Locke DH, Konijnendijk C, Labib SM, Rigolon A, Yeager R, Bardhan M, Berland A, Dadvand P, Helbich M, Li F, Li H, James P, Klompmaker J, Reuben A, Roman LA, Tsai WL, Patwary M, O'Neil-Dunne J, Ossola A, Wang R, Yang B, Yi L, Zhang J, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Measuring the 3-30-300 rule to help cities meet nature access thresholds. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167739. [PMID: 37832672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The 3-30-300 rule offers benchmarks for cities to promote equitable nature access. It dictates that individuals should see three trees from their dwelling, have 30 % tree canopy in their neighborhood, and live within 300 m of a high-quality green space. Implementing this demands thorough measurement, monitoring, and evaluation methods, yet little guidance is currently available to pursue these actions. To overcome this gap, we employed an expert-based consensus approach to review the available ways to measure 3-30-300 as well as each measure's strengths and weaknesses. We described seven relevant data and processes: vegetation indices, street level analyses, tree inventories, questionnaires, window view analyses, land cover maps, and green space maps. Based on the reviewed strengths and weaknesses of each measure, we presented a suitability matrix to link recommended measures with each component of the rule. These recommendations included surveys and window-view analyses for the '3 component', high-resolution land cover maps for the '30 component', and green space maps with network analyses for the '300 component'. These methods, responsive to local situations and resources, not only implement the 3-30-300 rule but foster broader dialogue on local desires and requirements. Consequently, these techniques can guide strategic investments in urban greening for health, equity, biodiversity, and climate adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H E M Browning
- Virtual Reality and Nature Lab, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA.
| | - D H Locke
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Baltimore Field Station, Suite 350, 5523 Research Park Drive, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
| | - C Konijnendijk
- Nature Based Solutions Institute - Dutch Office, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - S M Labib
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Rigolon
- Department of City and Metropolitan Planning, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - R Yeager
- Division of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - M Bardhan
- Virtual Reality and Nature Lab, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA; Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - A Berland
- Department of Geography and Meteorology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - P Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Helbich
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F Li
- Virtual Reality and Nature Lab, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - H Li
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - P James
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Klompmaker
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Reuben
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - L A Roman
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station & Northern Research Station, 4995 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - W-L Tsai
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M Patwary
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - J O'Neil-Dunne
- Spatial Analysis Lab, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - A Ossola
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R Wang
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - B Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - L Yi
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Chen R, Carruthers-Jones J, Carver S, Wu J. Constructing urban ecological corridors to reflect local species diversity and conservation objectives. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167987. [PMID: 37875200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring bird diversity can secure key ecosystem services within cities. Building ecological corridors into urban planning is an effective way to protect urban birds, but existing corridor construction methods often ignore locality and diversity of species, leading to homogenization of corridor construction results and orientation. We proposed a corridor construction model that combines local bird surveys and bird threat levels. After constructing differentiated corridors for each bird species by assessing their habits and flight abilities, we used three weighted scenarios (original, weighted abundance, weighted abundance, and phylogeny) to assess the conservation priorities of birds and overlaid them to derive a comprehensive bird corridor model. Our results show significant differences in conservation priority and corridor pattern among different bird species, thus demonstrating the importance of local bird surveys and knowledge of threat levels in accurate corridor simulations. This study provides differential simulation of corridors for each bird species and the identification of important conservation species, and uses these to extend the theory of ecological corridor planning to urban bird populations. These results can be applied to guide biodiversity management, evaluate green space policies, and provide practical assistance for sustainable urban development and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Running Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | | | - Steve Carver
- Wildland Research Institute, School of Geography, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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25
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Zhang F, Zhou X. Structural renovation of blocks in build-up area of Jiangnan cities, taking Suzhou new district as an example. iScience 2023; 26:108553. [PMID: 38144449 PMCID: PMC10746534 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The rationality of block scale and structure is the guarantee of vitality and humanization quality, facing complex and diverse problems, and the structure reconstruction of urban built-up areas is one of the most difficult challenges in the process of promoting the block system. The traditional planning-construction strategy, as practice in recent years has demonstrated, faces challenges in terms of construction costs, demolition costs, property rights, and jurisprudence. Based on the interaction of the block structure and external space, the study presents a "implant-reconstruction" model. It investigates possibilities of implanting elements and graphically depicts the potential impact of implant-reconstruction using Space Syntax. The findings indicate that the external space implantation mode may actively encourage the construction of small-scale blocks and has benefits in terms of texture respect, low impact, and ease of operation. The simulation and pre-judgment dynamically illustrate the viable path and gives a scientific reference for block alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China
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26
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Istrate AL, Hamel P. Dataset of urban nature games to aid integrating nature-based solutions in urban planning. Data Brief 2023; 51:109800. [PMID: 38053597 PMCID: PMC10694042 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This dataset of Urban Nature Games provides information, ratings, and categorizations of different types of games that incorporate concepts of urban planning and ecosystem services or nature-based solutions. It consists of games retrieved from systematic searches on various search engines and public databases, using keywords related to: urban design and planning; ecosystem services and nature-based solutions; and game-based approaches. Recorded meta information includes game names, developers, links to each game's documentation, relevant publications, as well as generic playing information such as play duration, number of players, target group, distribution format, play mode, and costs. Of the 69 games compiled, 37 games have been rated of "high" to "medium" relevance based on their descriptions, and have been further assessed and categorized based on a framework incorporating concepts of urban planning and nature-based solutions, the game's scope, and practice. Among the 22 "high" relevance games, 41% can and have been used to engage multiple stakeholders, and 36% to engage citizens and communities. This data article relates to the research article entitled "Urban Nature Games for integrating nature-based solutions in urban planning: a review", and presents a more detailed, editable version of the dataset. The purpose is to provide a hands-on resource for educators, practitioners, and researchers to directly enable them to select their most suitable games linking ecosystem services and nature-based solutions with urban planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura-Luciana Istrate
- University College Dublin (UCD), School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, Richview, Clonskeagh, Dublin, D14 E099, Ireland1
| | - Perrine Hamel
- Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Asian School of the Environment, 639798, Singapore
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27
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Yoo C, Im J, Weng Q, Cho D, Kang E, Shin Y. Diurnal urban heat risk assessment using extreme air temperatures and real-time population data in Seoul. iScience 2023; 26:108123. [PMID: 37876825 PMCID: PMC10590841 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous heat risk assessments have limitations in obtaining accurate heat hazard sources and capturing population distributions, which change over time. This study proposes a diurnal heat risk assessment framework incorporating spatiotemporal air temperature and real-time population data. Daytime and nighttime heat risk maps were generated using hazard, exposure, and vulnerability components in Seoul during the summer of 2018. The hazard was derived from the daily extreme air temperatures obtained using the stacking machine learning model. Exposure was calculated using de facto population density, and vulnerability was assessed using demographic and socioeconomic indicators. The resulting maps revealed distinct diurnal spatial patterns, with high-risk areas in the urban core during the day and dispersed at night. Daytime heat risk was strongly correlated with heat-related illness ratios (R = 0.8) and accurately captured temporal fluctuations in heat-related illness incidence. The proposed framework can guide site-specific adaptation and response plans for dynamic urban heat events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolhee Yoo
- JC STEM Lab of Earth Observations, Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Geomatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Jungho Im
- Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Qihao Weng
- JC STEM Lab of Earth Observations, Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Geomatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Dongjin Cho
- Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Kang
- Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Yeji Shin
- Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
- Market Intelligence Team, Purchasing Strategy Unit, CJ CheilJedang Corporation, Market Intelligence Team, Seoul, South Korea
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28
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Zhu G, Chen Y, Wu W, Liu R, Tang Y, Li P, Xu A. Coupling relationships between urban block spatial morphology and microclimate in severe cold regions. iScience 2023; 26:108313. [PMID: 38026215 PMCID: PMC10665803 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between urban block spatial morphology and microclimate in severe cold regions, using Shenyang, China as a case study. We employed computational fluid dynamics theory-based numerical simulation software and a controlled variable approach to analyze the microclimate effects of four key aspects: street conforming line ratio, street interface density, street aspect ratio, and building roof forms. The primary findings are as follows: Decreasing conforming line ratios initially increase average wind speed and temperature. Lower interface densities reduce average wind speed but raise temperature. Higher aspect ratios correspond to increased wind speed and decreased temperature. Additionally, upward sloping roofs correlate with higher average wind speed and temperature. This research provides a perspective for evaluating urban microclimates, considering human perception of urban block space. It also suggests spatial layout design strategies for different types of streets in severe cold regions, considering the climate environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zhu
- JangHo Architecture College, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban and Architectural Digital Technology, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yun Chen
- JangHo Architecture College, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban and Architectural Digital Technology, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Wen Wu
- JangHo Architecture College, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban and Architectural Digital Technology, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ruihan Liu
- JangHo Architecture College, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban and Architectural Digital Technology, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yu Tang
- JangHo Architecture College, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban and Architectural Digital Technology, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- JangHo Architecture College, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban and Architectural Digital Technology, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Aowei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Spangler KR, Brochu P, Nori-Sarma A, Milechin D, Rickles M, Davis B, Dukes KA, Lane KJ. Calculating access to parks and other polygonal resources: A description of open-source methodologies. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2023; 47:100606. [PMID: 38042531 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2023.100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Public health studies routinely use simplistic methods to calculate proximity-based "access" to greenspace, such as by measuring distances to the geographic centroids of parks or, less frequently, to the perimeter of the park area. Although computationally efficient, these approaches oversimplify exposure measurement because parks often have specific entrance points. In this tutorial paper, we describe how researchers can instead calculate more-accurate access measures using freely available open-source methods. Specifically, we demonstrate processes for calculating "service areas" representing street-network-based buffers of access to parks within set distances and mode of transportation (e.g., 1-km walk or 20-minute drive) using OpenRouteService and QGIS software. We also introduce an advanced method involving the identification of trailheads or parking lots with OpenStreetMap data and show how large parks particularly benefit from this approach. These methods can be used globally and are applicable to analyses of a wide range of studies investigating proximity access to resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Spangler
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA; Boston University School of Public Health, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Paige Brochu
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA; Boston University School of Public Health, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston, MA
| | - Amruta Nori-Sarma
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA; Boston University School of Public Health, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston, MA
| | - Dennis Milechin
- Boston University Information Services & Technology, Research Computing Services, Boston MA
| | | | | | - Kimberly A Dukes
- Boston University School of Public Health, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston, MA; Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA; Boston University School of Public Health, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston, MA
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Mabrouk M, Han H, Fan C, Abdrabo KI, Shen G, Saber M, Kantoush SA, Sumi T. Assessing the effectiveness of nature-based solutions-strengthened urban planning mechanisms in forming flood-resilient cities. J Environ Manage 2023; 344:118260. [PMID: 37354590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Cities have experienced rapid urbanization-induced harsh climatic events, especially flooding, inevitably resulting in negative and irreversible consequences for urban resilience and endangering residents' lives. Numerous studies have analyzed the effects of anthropogenic practices (land use changes and urbanization) on flood forecasting. However, non-structural mitigation's effectiveness, like Nature-Based Solutions (NBS), has yet to receive adequate attention, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, which have become increasingly significant and indispensable for operationalizing cities efficiently. Therefore, our study investigated the predictive influence of incorporating one of the most common NBS strategies called low-impact development tools (LID) (such as rain gardens, bio-retention cells, green roofs, infiltration trenches, permeable pavement, and vegetative swale) during the urban planning of Alexandria, Egypt, which experiences the harshest rainfall annually and includes various urban patterns. City characteristics-dependent 14 LID scenarios were simulated with recurrence intervals ranging from 2 to 100 years using the LID Treatment Train Tool (LID TTT), depending on calibrated data from 2015 to 2020, by the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index and deterministic coefficient, and root-mean-square error with values of 0.97, 0.91, and 0.31, respectively. Our findings confirmed the significant effectiveness of combined LID tools on total flood runoff volume reduction by 73.7%, revealing that different urban patterns can be used in flood-prone cities, provided LID tools are considered in city planning besides grey infrastructure to achieve optimal mitigation. These results, which combined multiple disciplines and were not explicitly mentioned in similar studies in developing countries, may assist municipalities' policymakers in planning flood-resistant, sustainable cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mabrouk
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Faculty of Urban and Regional Planning, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Haoying Han
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chao Fan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, USA
| | - Karim I Abdrabo
- Faculty of Urban and Regional Planning, Cairo University, Egypt; Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Guoqiang Shen
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohamed Saber
- Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Sameh A Kantoush
- Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sumi
- Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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31
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Vieira Zezzo L, Pereira Coltri P, Dubreuil V. Microscale models and urban heat island studies: a systematic review. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1284. [PMID: 37814090 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Urban climate analysis usually uses data from weather stations, traverse, or satellite images. However, this methodology also has its limitations, since the series of data for climate monitoring can be scarce. Another option that has been earning attention in recent years is numeric models, which perform simulations in urban climate. Obtaining climate data is extremely important for climatology, as well as for related areas, such as urban planning, which uses this data to know how to best order the territory according to climate conditions and their projections. Our study aimed to carry out a literature review regarding urban heat island analysis methodologies, with emphasis on the use of models. We evaluated over 200 scientific documents and we used 68 in the results of this work, reporting different types of models. The results indicated that most of the works on urban climate use a more traditional methodological approach, with fieldwork, whereas studies with models have been carried out in a specific way, especially in cities in the northern hemisphere. Among the articles evaluated, the majority were published in Elsevier publisher journals, which have a more interdisciplinary approach. The most studied models were ENVI-met, SOLWEIG, PALM-4U, RayMan, and TEB. In this way, this work pointed out, unlike other works of review in urban climate methodologies, the difficulty in obtaining field data, emphasizing their importance, with regard to studies of urban heat islands and urban planning. We also conclude that the progress and development of the state of the art in numerical models are conditioned to scientific investment in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Vieira Zezzo
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Carlos Gomes, 250 - Code Postal: 13083-855. Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Pereira Coltri
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Carlos Gomes, 250 - Code Postal: 13083-855. Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vincent Dubreuil
- LETG-Rennes, University of Rennes 2, UMR-6554-CNRS, Place du Recteur Henri Le Moal, Rennes, France
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Alidadi M, Sharifi A, Murakami D. Tokyo's COVID-19: An urban perspective on factors influencing infection rates in a global city. Sustain Cities Soc 2023; 97:104743. [PMID: 37397232 PMCID: PMC10304317 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2023.104743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
This research investigates the relationship between COVID-19 and urban factors in Tokyo. To understand the spread dynamics of COVID-19, the study examined 53 urban variables (including population density, socio-economic status, housing conditions, transportation, and land use) in 53 municipalities of Tokyo prefecture. Using spatial models, the study analysed the patterns and predictors of COVID-19 infection rates. The findings revealed that COVID-19 cases were concentrated in central Tokyo, with clustering levels decreasing after the outbreaks. COVID-19 infection rates were higher in areas with a greater density of retail stores, restaurants, health facilities, workers in those sectors, public transit use, and telecommuting. However, household crowding was negatively associated. The study also found that telecommuting rate and housing crowding were the strongest predictors of COVID-19 infection rates in Tokyo, according to the regression model with time-fixed effects, which had the best validation and stability. This study's results could be useful for researchers and policymakers, particularly because Japan and Tokyo have unique circumstances, as there was no mandatory lockdown during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alidadi
- Centre for Urban Research, School of Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Engineering and Advanced Science, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayyoob Sharifi
- Hiroshima University, The IDEC Institute and Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability (NERPS), Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Murakami
- The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Department of Statistical Data Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Peixoto JPJ, Costa DG, Portugal P, Vasques F. A geospatial dataset of urban infrastructure for emergency response in Portugal. Data Brief 2023; 50:109593. [PMID: 37767125 PMCID: PMC10520295 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergency response plays a critical role in mitigating the impact of disasters and ensuring public safety. Understanding a city's capability for emergency response is vital for effective disaster management and urban planning. This paper describes a comprehensive geospatial dataset that assesses the emergency response capability of cities in Portugal based on their urban infrastructure, accounting for the number of hospitals, police stations, fire department units, and metro/railway stations. These infrastructures are essential for attending to victims, mitigating emergency situations, and performing rescue operations. Besides that, the GeoJSON definitions of all Portuguese cities are also provided in the dataset, which were used to compute the number of the target facilities based on data from OpenStreetMap. The potential applications of this dataset are numerous, ranging from urban planning and resource allocation to disaster response strategy development. Moreover, it indicates where public investments are most required, especially when combined with others continuously updated public datasets with incidents in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Just Peixoto
- IFBA, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia, Valença, Brazil
- PPGM-UEFS, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Daniel G. Costa
- INEGI, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Portugal
- INESC-TEC, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Zhu X, Xu J. After the pandemic is before the pandemic: Rethinking urban priorities, assumptions and planning approaches. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20763. [PMID: 37860575 PMCID: PMC10582373 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The global covid-pandemic had significant impacts upon cities and city planning in the short, medium and longer term. Early severe disruptions to city living and working patterns prompted interventions from planners and the suspension of plans, largely based on projections of pre-pandemic data and trends. Longer term thinking has begun to settle into a pattern of reactions and approaches depending upon the characteristics of the city. This paper explores some of the responses to the pandemic and how cities are adapting and evolve towards a 'new normal' and what this might mean for planning and planners in future. Two questions are posed for future research following from this. First, will planners require new skills and knowledge going forward as cities adapt and evolve and, second, how can we better comprehend the full spectrum of responses and trajectories of city planning post-pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Zhu
- School of Planning, University College London, London, WC1H 0QB, UK
| | - Jiaxiang Xu
- Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of Social & Historical Sciences, University College London, London, WC1H 0QB, UK
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35
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Yeo H, Tan HZ, Tang Q, Tan TRH, Puniamoorthy N, Rheindt FE. Dense residential areas promote gene flow in dengue vector mosquito Aedes albopictus. iScience 2023; 26:107577. [PMID: 37680477 PMCID: PMC10481301 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes albopictus is a successful disease vector due to its ability to survive in a wide range of habitats. Despite its ubiquity and impact on public health, little is known about its differential gene flow capabilities across different city habitats. We obtained a comprehensive dataset of >27,000 genome-wide DNA markers across 105 wild-caught Ae. albopictus individuals from Singapore, a dengue-endemic tropical city with heterogeneous landscapes from densely populated urban areas to forests. Despite Singapore's challenging small-scale heterogeneity, our landscape-genomic approach indicated that dense urban areas are characterized by higher Aedes gene flow rates than managed parks and forests. We documented the incidence of Wolbachia infections of Ae. albopictus involving two strains (wAlbA and wAlbB). Our results dispel the misconception that substantial dispersal of Ae. albopictus is limited to urban greenery, with wide implications for vector management and critical insights into urban planning strategies to combat dengue transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Hui Zhen Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Tyrone Ren Hao Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Nalini Puniamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Frank E. Rheindt
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
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Albarus I, Fleischmann G, Aigner P, Ciais P, Denier van der Gon H, Droge R, Lian J, Narvaez Rincon MA, Utard H, Lauvaux T. From political pledges to quantitative mapping of climate mitigation plans: Comparison of two European cities. Carbon Balance Manag 2023; 18:18. [PMID: 37672136 PMCID: PMC10481584 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-023-00236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban agglomerates play a crucial role in reaching global climate objectives. Many cities have committed to reducing their greenhouse gas emissions, but current emission trends remain unverifiable. Atmospheric monitoring of greenhouse gases offers an independent and transparent strategy to measure urban emissions. However, careful design of the monitoring network is crucial to be able to monitor the most important sectors as well as adjust to rapidly changing urban landscapes. RESULTS Our study of Paris and Munich demonstrates how climate action plans, carbon emission inventories, and urban development plans can help design optimal atmospheric monitoring networks. We show that these two European cities display widely different trajectories in space and time, reflecting different emission reduction strategies and constraints due to administrative boundaries. The projected carbon emissions rely on future actions, hence uncertain, and we demonstrate how emission reductions vary significantly at the sub-city level. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that quantified individual cities' climate actions are essential to construct more robust emissions trajectories at the city scale. Also, harmonization and compatibility of plans from various cities are necessary to make inter-comparisons of city climate targets possible. Furthermore, dense atmospheric networks extending beyond the city limits are needed to track emission trends over the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Albarus
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
- Origins.earth, Suez Group, 92040, Paris La Défense, France.
| | | | - Patrick Aigner
- Environmental Sensing and Modeling, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - Rianne Droge
- Department of Climate, Air and Sustainability, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinghui Lian
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Origins.earth, Suez Group, 92040, Paris La Défense, France
| | | | - Hervé Utard
- Origins.earth, Suez Group, 92040, Paris La Défense, France
| | - Thomas Lauvaux
- GSMA, UMR 7331, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
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Deng H, Wang T. Assessing and improving active travel around urban hospitals: A case of Xiangya hospital, China. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19900. [PMID: 37809805 PMCID: PMC10559288 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been a growing trend toward active travel. However, many cities have not given sufficient attention to active transportation, resulting in inadequate safety measures for pedestrians and cyclists. This issue becomes particularly critical around hospitals, closely associated with COVID-19 and where traffic can be more intricate and hazardous. Hence, there is a pressing need for a quantitative assessment of the active travel environment surrounding hospitals to obtain a practical evaluation and devise improvement strategies. This study constructs an Extenics evaluation model to assess the safety, accessibility, traffic pressure, convenience, and comfort of the active travel environment near Xiangya Hospital. Subsequently, optimization strategies are proposed based on the evaluation outcomes. The evaluation results show high traffic pressure around the hospital during peak hours while the infrastructure is insufficient. A diversion strategy must be developed based on the evaluation findings to address safety concerns. Furthermore, issues such as inadequate non-motorized lanes and accessibility facilities in the area are identified. Correspondingly, improvement strategies tailored to the specific problems of each street are suggested based on the evaluation results. While this research focuses on urban hospitals, it aims to offer valuable insights into evaluating and enhancing active travel environments around large public buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Deng
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
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Gemmell E, Adjei-Boadi D, Sarkar A, Shoari N, White K, Zdero S, Kassem H, Pujara T, Brauer M. "In small places, close to home": Urban environmental impacts on child rights across four global cities. Health Place 2023; 83:103081. [PMID: 37506630 PMCID: PMC7615291 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Urban environments influence child behaviours, exposures and experiences and may affect health, development, achievement and realization of fundamental human rights. We examined the status of eleven UN Convention on the Rights of the Child articles, in a multi-case study across four global cities. Within all study cities, children experienced unequal exposure to urban environmental risks and amenities. Many violations of child rights are related to car-based transportation systems and further challenged by pressures on urban systems from rapid population increases in the context of climate change. A child rights framework provides principles for a collective, multi-sectoral re-imagination of urban environments that support the human rights of all citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gemmell
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 2206 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Dina Adjei-Boadi
- Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, MR28+9MQ, Doutor J.B. Danquah Avenue, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Asesh Sarkar
- Department of Architecture and Planning, Indian Institute of Technology, Haridwar Highway, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Niloofar Shoari
- MRC Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom.
| | - Katherine White
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 2206 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Svetlana Zdero
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 2206 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Hallah Kassem
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 2206 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Tina Pujara
- Department of Architecture and Planning, Indian Institute of Technology, Haridwar Highway, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 2206 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Population Health Building, Hans Rosling Center, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Lake AA, Moore HJ, Cotton M, O'Malley CL. Opportunities to improve population health: possibilities for healthier food environments. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:264-271. [PMID: 37057804 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123002677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent Covid-19 pandemic highlighted stark social inequalities, notably around access to food, nutrition and to green or blue space (i.e. outdoor spaces with vegetation and water). Consequently, obesity is socio-economically patterned by this inequality; and while the environmental drivers of obesity are widely acknowledged, there is currently little upstream intervention. We know that living with obesity contributes to increasing health inequalities, and places healthcare systems under huge strain. Our environment could broadly be described obesogenic, in the sense of supporting unhealthful eating patterns and sedentary behaviour. Evidence points to the existence of nearly 700 UK obesity policies, all of which have had little success. Obesity prevention and treatment has focused on educational and behavioural interventions targeted at individual consumers. A more sustainable approach would be to try and change the environments that promote less healthy eating and high energy intake as well as sedentary behaviour. Approaches which modify the environment have the potential to assist in the prevention of this complex condition. This review paper focuses on the role of wider food environments or foodscapes. While there is an imperfect evidence base relating to the role of the foodscape in terms of the obesity crisis, policy, practice, civic society and industry must work together and take action now, in areas where current evidence suggests change is required. Despite the current cost-of-living crisis, shaping the foodscape to better support healthful eating decisions has the potential to be a key aspect of a successful obesity prevention intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia A Lake
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen J Moore
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew Cotton
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire L O'Malley
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Foroughi M, de Anderade B, Roders AP. Dataset on the literature on public participation and consensus building: Bibliography and meta-analysis of selected studies. Data Brief 2023; 49:109332. [PMID: 37600130 PMCID: PMC10439267 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this Data in Brief article offers an insight into the scientific literature on conceptual and empirical approaches to public participation and consensus-building. It consists of articles retrieved from the Scopus search engine which feature "public participation", "consensus", and "value and attribute" in the title, abstract, and author keywords. Information on the bibliography is recorded, namely title, author(s), year of publication, and source title. Metadata on how the articles were analyzed is provided in the dataset. From 121 publications, most literature (103) analyzes public participation through case studies. The studies were analyzed according to factors that were identified inductively and grouped in two categories: 1) public participation: actor, method, and level of public participation, and 2) consensus: approaches, conflict. The data is related to the research article entitled "Public participation and consensus-building in urban planning from the lens of heritage planning: A systematic literature review". This paper focuses on the public participation factors as the factors on consensus are already explained in the main article. This paper shows which factors of participation were implemented in the analyzed studies. Given that, this article contributes to researchers and practitioners working on public participation because it reveals the diversity of approaches for consensus-building in public participation processes, which help them realize which level of participation they want to achieve and the means to reach it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahda Foroughi
- Department of Architectural engineering and technology, Faculty of Architecture and Built Environment, Technical University of Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno de Anderade
- Department of Architectural engineering and technology, Faculty of Architecture and Built Environment, Technical University of Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Pereira Roders
- Department of Architectural engineering and technology, Faculty of Architecture and Built Environment, Technical University of Delft, the Netherlands
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McCarty DA, Kim HW. A standardized European hexagon gridded dataset based on OpenStreetMap POIs. Data Brief 2023; 49:109315. [PMID: 37600132 PMCID: PMC10439266 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Point of interest (POI) data refers to information about the location and type of amenities, services, and attractions within a geographic area. This data is used in urban studies research to better understand the dynamics of a city, assess community needs, and identify opportunities for economic growth and development. POI data is beneficial because it provides a detailed picture of the resources available in a given area, which can inform policy decisions and improve the quality of life for residents. This paper presents a large-scale, standardized POI dataset from OpenStreetMap (OSM) for the European continent. The dataset's standardization and gridding make it more efficient for advanced modeling, reducing 7,218,304 data points to 988,575 without significant resolution loss, suitable for a broader range of models with lower computational demands. The resulting dataset can be used to conduct advanced analyses, examine POI spatial distributions, conduct comparative regional studies, and research to help enhance the understanding of the distribution of economic activity and attractions, and subsequently help in the understanding of the economic health, growth potential, and cultural opportunities of an area. The paper describes the materials and methods used in generating the dataset, including OSM data retrieval, processing, standardization, hexagonal grid generation, and point count aggregations. The dataset can be used independently or integrated with other relevant datasets for more comprehensive spatial distribution studies in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota Aaron McCarty
- Department of Urban Policy & Administration, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Urban Policy & Administration, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, South Korea
- Urban Science Institute, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, South Korea
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Ahasan R, Hoda MN, Alam MS, Nirzhar YR, Kabir A. Changing institutional landscape and transportation development in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17887. [PMID: 37456001 PMCID: PMC10344751 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cities in the global south, constrained by limited resources, face challenges in delivering efficient transportation infrastructure and services to support their rapidly growing urban populations. Dhaka, serves as an example, as it grapples with the increasing demand driven by population growth, exacerbated by factors like land and resource scarcity, as well as intricate geopolitical dynamics. Despite the construction of a metro rail and other similar mass transit options, Dhaka continues to face difficulties in meeting the increasing transportation demand, posing a persistent challenge. Multiple institutions, including a coordination authority, are working to provide improved transportation services by implementing diverse strategic approaches focusing on infrastructure development, and formulating policies aimed at facilitating better mobility and accessibility. Over the past fifty years, the institutional arrangement and roles within the transportation system have changed. This study examines the institutional arrangements and how they have evolved, along with reviewing transportation development policies during this period. The findings indicate the involvement of multiple organizations in the city's transportation system performing distinct activities-- administrative, coordinating, legislative, regulatory, construction and management, and law enforcement. These authorities often encounter challenges fulfilling their responsibilities stemming from differences in vision, organizational structure, jurisdiction and most notably, lack of coordinatoon, resulting in ineffective infrastructure development and duplicated activities. To improve the transportation system, this study recommends better equipping the existing coordinating authority and expanding its jurisdiction to include other institutions. This approach aims to enhance coordination and address the challenges faced by Dhaka's transportation system, ultimately facilitating improved mobility and accessibility for the city's growing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakibul Ahasan
- Urban and Rural Planning Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Hoda
- Department of Architecture, Rajshahi University of Engineering Technology (RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Ahsanul Kabir
- Urban and Rural Planning Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Alam MS, Tabassum NJ, Tokey AI. Evaluation of accessibility and equity to hospitals by public transport: evidence from six largest cities of Ohio. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:598. [PMID: 37291565 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the United States, health care has long been viewed as a 'right,' and residents of the state of Ohio are no exception. The Ohio Department of Health ensures that this right exists for all residents of Ohio. Socio-spatial characteristics, however, can have an impact on access to health care, particularly among vulnerable groups. This article seeks to measure the spatial accessibility to healthcare services by public transport in the six largest cities of Ohio based on population and to compare the accessibility of healthcare to vulnerable demographic groups. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the accessibility and equity of hospitals by public transit across different cities in Ohio, allowing the identification of common patterns, difficulties, and knowledge gaps. METHODOLOGY Using a two-step floating catchment area technique, the spatial accessibility to general medical and surgical hospitals through public transportation was estimated, considering both service-to-population ratios and travel time to these health services. The average accessibility of all census tracts and the average accessibility of the 20% of most susceptible census tracts were determined for each city. Using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between accessibility and vulnerability, an indicator was then devised to evaluate vertical equity. FINDINGS Within cities (except Cleveland), people of vulnerable census tracts have less access to hospitals via public transportation. These cities (Columbus, Cincinnati, Toledo, Akron, and Dayton) fail in terms of vertical equity and average accessibility. According to this, vulnerable census tracts in these cities have the lowest accessibility levels. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the issues connected with the suburbanization of poverty in Ohio's large cities and the need to provide adequate public transportation to reach hospitals on the periphery. In addition, this study shed light on the need for additional empirical research to inform the implementation of guidelines for healthcare accessibility in Ohio. Researchers, planners, and policymakers who want to make healthcare more accessible for everyone should take note of the findings in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Alam
- Department of Geography and Planning, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.
| | - N J Tabassum
- Department of Geography and Planning, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - A I Tokey
- Department of Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Ley Bosch P, de Castro González Ó, García Sánchez F. Mass tourism urban destinations and climate change in small islands: resilience to extreme rainfall in the Canary Islands. Environ Dev Sustain 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37362989 PMCID: PMC10241143 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-03406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The Canary Islands are one of the main destinations for mass tourism in the European context, characterized by the absence of seasonality in tourist activity. Moreover, the level of activity increases during the winters, coinciding with a greater probability of extreme rainfall events, whose danger seems to be increasing as a result of climate change. Owing to its pronounced orography, the southern coast of the island of Gran Canaria houses several tourist settlements built along ravines and steeply sloping terrain. This scenario presents considerable risk because of spatial probability of landslide occurrence. The case of San Agustín, especially, serves to test the model of tourist urbanization along the hillside, demonstrating its high fragility in the face of extreme rainfall events. Especially owing to its importance in providing assistance in emergency situations, its vulnerability has been analyzed with regard to accessibility, which is entirely dependent on road mobility. The growth model of San Agustín serves as an example of mass tourism in small islands, allowing urban planners and designers to assess corrective measures based on managing its existing road infrastructure and open spaces right from the planning stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ley Bosch
- Departamento de Arte, Ciudad y Territorio, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Óscar de Castro González
- Departamento de Arte, Ciudad y Territorio, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Francisco García Sánchez
- Departamento de Geografía, Urbanismo y Ordenación del Territorio, Universidad de Cantabria, Av. de los Castros, s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
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Tan G, Wang Y, Cao X, Xu L. Biomimetic method of emergency life channel urban planning in Wuhan using slime mold networks. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17042. [PMID: 37342573 PMCID: PMC10277600 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated a bio-inspired approach to planning optimal routes for urban hospital life channels to enable better responses to urban public security incidents. An experimental slime mold network and an origin-destination (OD) network model in which the nodes were tertiary hospitals in Wuhan were constructed. Correlation metrics of the two network models were used for network analysis and visualization. The experimental results showed that the slime mold network was better than the OD network in terms of global optimization. Furthermore, significant polarization of the influence value of urban hospital nodes resulted in a power-law distribution. This paper presents an urban planning method in which the biological mechanism of slime mold foraging is applied to construct shortest path networks in an emergency life channels. The results can be used to examine the relationship between urban roads and hospital nodes and the rational of global optimization distribution when planning the locations of new hospitals. A set of replicable and sustainable methods for conducting a biomimetic slime mold experiment to model real environments are presented. This approach provides a novel perspective for modeling emergency life channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangyi Tan
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Urbanization, Wuhan 430074, China
- Built Heritage Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Urbanization, Wuhan 430074, China
- Built Heritage Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaomao Cao
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Urbanization, Wuhan 430074, China
- Built Heritage Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liquan Xu
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Urbanization, Wuhan 430074, China
- Built Heritage Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Williams CG, Samara F. Changing particle content of the modern desert dust storm: a climate × health problem. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:706. [PMID: 37212940 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Climate and land use changes together are altering the particle content of desert dust storms on regional and local scales. These storms now carry a wide variety of pollutants and pathogens arising from urbanization, industrialization, mass transportation, warfare, or aerosolized waste in locations worldwide where deserts are intertwined with built infrastructure, transportation centers, and high-density human habitation. Accordingly, the modern desert dust storm has an anthropogenic particle load which presumably sets it apart from pre-industrial dust storms. Evidence for how particle content for modern dust storms is changing over the Arabian Peninsula holds relevance because dust storms are now more frequent and more severe. Furthermore, the Arabian Peninsula has asthma rates which are the highest worldwide. How the modern desert dust storm contributes to asthma and human health is a nascent issue. Meanwhile, public health decisions can benefit from a climate × health framework for dust storms, as proposed here. An imperative is testing each dust storm's particle content type, and for this, we propose the A-B-C-X model. Sampling a dust storm for its particle content data and then archiving samples for future analyses is advised. A storm's particle content data, once combined with its atmospheric data, allows a particle's source, transport, and deposition to be determined. In closing, the modern desert dust storm's changing particle content has far-reaching consequences for public health, transboundary issues, and international climate dialog. SIGNIFICANCE : Locally and regionally sourced particle pollution is a growing problem in deserts worldwide. Proposed here is a climate × health framework for studying how dust storm particles, entrained from both natural and engineered systems, may be contributing to declining human respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire G Williams
- Department of Environmental Sciences, American University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Fatin Samara
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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He BJ, Yin M. Government is expected to lead the payment of heat-resilient infrastructure. iScience 2023; 26:106566. [PMID: 37250319 PMCID: PMC10214286 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban heat is severe in numerous cities, but the urgency of heat action and support for the development of heat-resilient infrastructure is unclear. To address these research gaps, this study investigated the perceived urgency of developing heat-resilient infrastructure and associated payment issues in eight megacities, in China using a questionnaire survey of 3758 respondents in August 2020. Overall, the respondents thought it was moderately urgent to take actions to address heat-related challenges. The development of mitigation and adaptation infrastructure is urgent. About 86.4% of the 3758 respondents expected the government to be involved in paying for heat-resilient infrastructure, but 41.2% supported cost-sharing among the government, developers, and owners. There were 1299 respondents willing to pay, resulting in an average annual payment of 44.06 RMB in a conservative scenario. This study is important for decision-makers to formulate plans on heat-resilient infrastructure and to release financial strategies for collecting investments and funds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Jie He
- Centre for Climate-Resilient and Low-Carbon Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400045, China
- Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in Liyang, Chongqing University, Liyang 213300, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability (NERPS), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Mingqiang Yin
- Centre for Climate-Resilient and Low-Carbon Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400045, China
- Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in Liyang, Chongqing University, Liyang 213300, Jiangsu, China
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Yu H, Zahidi I, Liang D. Mine land reclamation, mine land reuse, and vegetation cover change: An intriguing case study in Dartford, the United Kingdom. Environ Res 2023; 225:115613. [PMID: 36870554 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dartford, a town in England, heavily relied on industrial production, particularly mining, which caused significant environmental pollution and geological damage. However, in recent years, several companies have collaborated under the guidance of the local authorities to reclaim the abandoned mine land in Dartford and develop it into homes, known as the Ebbsfleet Garden City project. This project is highly innovative as it not only focuses on environmental management but also provides potential economic benefits, employment opportunities, builds a sustainable and interconnected community, fosters urban development and brings people closer together. This paper presents a fascinating case that employs satellite imagery, statistical data, and Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) calculations to analyse the re-vegetation progress of Dartford and the development of the Ebbsfleet Garden City project. The findings indicate that Dartford has successfully reclaimed and re-vegetated the mine land, maintaining a high vegetation cover level while the Ebbsfleet Garden City project has advanced. This suggests that Dartford is committed to environmental management and sustainable development while pursuing construction projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Yu
- Civil Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Malaysia Campus, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Izni Zahidi
- Civil Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Malaysia Campus, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Dongfang Liang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
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Huang J, Gergel SE. Effectiveness of landscape indicators for explaining the variability of benthic macro-invertebrates in urban streams. J Environ Manage 2023; 342:118130. [PMID: 37182484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Landscape indicators - measures of land use and land cover - are widely used as proxies for monitoring urban stream conditions, particularly for benthic invertebrates which are often negatively impacted by watershed urbanization. However, multi-scale and nonlinear relationships between benthic macroinvertebrates and landscape configuration derived from fine spatial resolution land cover are not well explored. Here, we developed a series of landscape indicators and assessed their effectiveness in explaining the variability of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in 63 streams across the Greater Vancouver Region in British Columbia, Canada. We asked: 1) How effective are multi-scale landscape indicators in explaining the variability of instream benthic macroinvertebrates? 2) Does the explanatory power of landscape indicators vary at different spatial scales? 3) Do different urban forest classification schemes and their spatial configurations impact the explanatory power of landscape indicators? We developed high spatial resolution (5-m) landscape indicators and evaluated their utility in statistical models explaining taxa richness, instream benthic indices of biological integrity (B-IBI), % Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT), and % Oligochaetes. For all benthic responses, landscape indicators measured at the watershed scale explained 5-25% more variation than riparian-based indicators. Combining indicators mapped at multiple scales further improved the explanatory power of landscape indicators for % EPT and % Oligochaetes, ultimately explaining over 70% of the variability of benthic macro-invertebrates in streams. Distinguishing deciduous and coniferous forest types improved the explanatory power of landscape indicators in a riparian model for B-IBI by 10%. When considering the spatial arrangement of land cover, patch density of forests in the surrounding watersheds of stream explained as much as 47% of the variability in % Oligochaetes. Our results highlight the importance of investigating nonlinear relationships between benthic macroinvertebrates and landscape configuration. This monitoring approach is transferable across cities interested in maintaining the ecological health of urban streams while supporting urban expansion and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Huang
- Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Sarah E Gergel
- Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Benavides J, Rowland ST, Do V, Goldsmith J, Kioumourtzoglou MA. Unintended impacts of the Open Streets program on noise complaints in New York City. Environ Res 2023; 224:115501. [PMID: 36796610 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, several cities allocated more public spaces for physical activity and recreation instead of road transport through Open Streets. This policy locally reduces traffic and provides experimental testbeds for healthier cities. However, it may also generate unintended impacts. For instance, Open Streets may impact the levels of exposure to environmental noise but there are no studies assessing these unintended impacts. OBJECTIVES Using noise complaints from New York City (NYC) as a proxy of annoyance caused by environmental noise, we estimated associations at the census tract level between same-day proportion of Open Streets in a census tract and noise complaints in NYC. METHODS Using data from summer 2019 (pre-implementation) and summer 2021 (post-implementation), we fit regressions to estimate the association between census tract-level proportion of Open Streets and daily noise complaints, with random effects to account for within-tract correlation and natural splines to allow non-linearity in the estimated association. We accounted for temporal trends and other potential confounders, such as population density and poverty rate. RESULTS In adjusted analyses, daily street/sidewalk noise complaints were nonlinearly associated with an increasing proportion of Open Streets. Specifically, compared to the mean proportion of Open Streets in a census tract (0.11%), 5% of Open Streets had a 1.09 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.20) and 10% had a 1.21 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.42) times higher rate of street/sidewalk noise complaints. Our results were robust to the choice of data source for identifying Open Streets. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Open Streets in NYC may be linked to an increase in street/sidewalk noise complaints. These results highlight the necessity to reinforce urban policies with a careful analysis for potential unintended impacts to optimize and maximize the benefits of these policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Benavides
- Dept. of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, NY, USA.
| | - Sebastian T Rowland
- Dept. of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, NY, USA; PSE Healthy Energy, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Vivian Do
- Dept. of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, NY, USA
| | - Jeff Goldsmith
- Dept. of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, NY, USA
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