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Mouriño-Ruiz R, Serral G, Continente X, López MJ, Lapena C, Puigpinós-Riera R. Evaluation of effectiveness of an art-based museum intervention in reducing loneliness among older adults (ArtGran): a quasi-experimental study. Public Health 2024; 230:149-156. [PMID: 38552347 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loneliness is a public health issue among older adults. We designed an intervention offering 10 sessions with diverse artistic methods (ArtGran). This study assessed the effectiveness of ArtGran in reducing loneliness and its negative effects on health in community-dwelling older adults in 2022 in Barcelona. STUDY DESIGN Quasi-experimental study, with an intervention group (IG) and a comparison group (CG). METHODS The sample included residents aged ≥70 years from 6 selected neighbourhoods of Barcelona. In each neighbourhood, an IG and a CG was formed with participants who reported loneliness and without special mobility needs. The participants were referred from primary care centres, social services, and community health centres. We included 138 participants (IG = 63, CG = 75). We collected data on loneliness, quality of life (QoL-5D), mood, and self-perceived health before and after the intervention through validated questionnaires. To assess the effect of the intervention, we built Poisson models with robust variance and linear regression models. RESULTS At the end of the intervention, participants in the IG were more likely than those in the CG to be able to perform their usual activities without problems (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.45). Compared with the CG, participants in the IG attending more than half of the sessions had lower levels of loneliness (aPR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.07-1.73), a better ability to perform their usual activities (aPR [95%CI] = 1.24 [1.05-1.48]), and higher happiness scores (β = 0.73; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of the intervention was more pronounced when participants had high attendance. Our results suggest that high attendance of the ArtGran program was helpful in shielding older individuals from loneliness, fostering positive moods, and preserving their functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mouriño-Ruiz
- Evaluation and Intervention Methods Service, Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia
| | - G Serral
- Evaluation and Intervention Methods Service, Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia; Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Catalonia
| | - X Continente
- Evaluation and Intervention Methods Service, Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia; Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Catalonia
| | - M J López
- Evaluation and Intervention Methods Service, Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia; Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Catalonia; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences at Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia
| | - C Lapena
- Primary Care Center Sanllehy, Gerència Territorial de Barcelona, Catalan Health Institute (ICS), Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Catalonia
| | - R Puigpinós-Riera
- Evaluation and Intervention Methods Service, Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia; Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Catalonia.
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Bartoll-Roca X, López MJ, Pérez K, Artazcoz L, Borrell C. Short-term health effects of an urban regeneration programme in deprived neighbourhoods of Barcelona. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300470. [PMID: 38630702 PMCID: PMC11023398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Urban regeneration programmes are interventions meant to enhance the wellbeing of residents in deprived areas, although empirical evidence reports mixed results. We evaluated the health impact of a participatory and neighbourhood-wide urban regeneration programme, Pla de Barris 2016-2020, in Barcelona. A pre-post with a comparison group study design. Using data from a cross-sectional survey performed in 2016 and 2021. The health outcomes analysed were mental health, alcohol and psychotropic drug use, perceived health status, physical activity and obesity. Depending on the investment, two intervention groups were defined: moderate- and high-intensity intervention groups. The analysis combined difference-in-difference estimation with an inverse weighting derived from a propensity score to reduce potential biases. The impact of the intervention in percentages and its confidence interval were estimated with a linear probability model with clustered adjusted errors. The intervention had a positive impact on health outcomes in women in the high-intensity intervention group: a reduction of 15.5% in the relative frequency of those experiencing poor mental health, and of 21.7% in the relative frequency of those with poor self-perceived health; and an increase of 13.7% in the relative frequency of those doing physical activity. No positive impact was observed for men, but an increase of 10.3% in the relative frequency of those using psychotropic drugs in the high-intensity intervention group. This study shows positive short-term effects of the urban regeneration programme Pla de Barris 2016-2020 on health outcomes in women in the high-intensity intervention group. These results can guide future interventions in other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bartoll-Roca
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katherine Pérez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Lucía Artazcoz
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Borrell
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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López-González JA, Suárez-Estrella F, Jurado MM, Martínez-Gallardo MR, Toribio A, Estrella-González MJ, López MJ. Development of functional consortia for the pretreatment of compostable lignocellulosic waste: A simple and effective solution to a large-scale problem. J Environ Manage 2024; 356:120638. [PMID: 38518496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms drive the degradation of organic matter thanks to their enzymatic versatility. However, the structure of lignocellulose poses a great challenge for the microbiota inhabiting a compost pile. Our purpose was to increase the biodegradability of vegetable waste in the early stages of the composting process by applying a microbial consortium with lignocelllulolytic capacity. For this, a previous screening was performed among the culturable microbiota from different composting processes to find inoculants with ligninocellulolytic activity. Selected strains were applied as a pure culture and as a microbial consortium. The starting material was composed of tomato plant and pruning remains mixed in a ratio (50:50 v/v), whose humidity was adjusted to around 65%. To determine the ability of both treatments to activate the biodegradation of the mixtures, moisture, organic matter, ash, C/N ratio, 4-day cumulative respirometric index (AT4) and degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were evaluated. Subsequently, a real composting process was developed in which the performance of the microbial consortium was compared with the composting process without inoculum (control). According to our tests, three microbial strains (Bacillus safensis, Bacillus licheniformis and Fusarium oxysporum) were selected. The results showed that the application of the bacteria strains at low doses (104 CFU g-1 on the complete residual material of the pile) resulted in higher rates of lignocelullose degradation after 10 days of treatment compared to that observed after application of the fungus in pure culture or untreated controls. The implementation of the strategy described in this work resulted in obtaining compost with better agronomic quality than the uninoculated controls. Therefore, the application of this consortium could be considered as an interesting tool for bioactivation of lignocellulosic waste prior to the composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A López-González
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almería, Spain.
| | - F Suárez-Estrella
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almería, Spain.
| | - M M Jurado
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - M R Martínez-Gallardo
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - A Toribio
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - M J Estrella-González
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - M J López
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almería, Spain
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Sanz-Mas M, Ubalde-López M, Borràs S, Brugueras S, Continente X, Daher C, Marí-Dell'Olmo M, López MJ. Adapting Schools to Climate Change with Green, Blue, and Grey Measures in Barcelona: Study Protocol of a Mixed-Method Evaluation. J Urban Health 2024; 101:141-154. [PMID: 38236429 PMCID: PMC10897086 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Under the framework of the Urban Innovative Actions program of the European Commission, in 2020, 11 primary schools in Barcelona were transformed into climate shelters by implementing green, blue, and grey measures. Schoolyards were also opened to the local community to be used during non-school periods. Here we present the study protocol of a mixed-method approach to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions in terms of improving environmental quality and health for users. We evaluated school level through the following: (1) quantitative pre-post quasi-experimental study, and (2) qualitative evaluation. The quantitative study included measures of (a) environmental variables (collected via low-cost and non-low-cost sensors), (b) students' health and well-being (collected via health questionnaires, attention levels test, and systematic observations), and (c) teachers' health and well-being (collected via thermal comfort measurements and health questionnaires). The qualitative methods evaluated the perceptions about the effects of the interventions among students (using Photovoice) and teachers (through focus groups). The impact of the interventions was assessed at community level during summer non-school periods through a spontaneous ethnographic approach. Data collection started in August 2019 and ended in July 2022. The evaluation provides the opportunity to identify those solutions that worked and those that need to be improved for future experiences, as well as improve the evaluation methodology and replication for these kinds of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sanz-Mas
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de La Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Ubalde-López
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de La Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sílvia Borràs
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Brugueras
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Continente
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carolyn Daher
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de La Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Marí-Dell'Olmo
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de La Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
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Blesa Marco ZE, Sáez JA, Pedraza Torres AM, Martínez Sabater E, Orden L, Andreu-Rodríguez FJ, Bustamante MA, Marhuenda-Egea FC, López MJ, Suárez-Estrella F, Moral R. Effect of agricultural microplastic and mesoplastic in the vermicomposting process: Response of Eisenia fetida and quality of the vermicomposts obtained. Environ Pollut 2023; 333:122027. [PMID: 37364751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluates the effect of agricultural plastic waste (APW) in two particle sizes, microplastic and film debris, and subjected to a pre-treatment by exposure to UV-C, in the development of the vermicomposting process. Eisenia fetida health status and metabolic response and the vermicompost quality and enzymatic activity were determined. The environmental significant of this study is mainly related to how can affect plastic presence (depending on plastic type, size and/or if it is partially degraded) not only to this biological process of organic waste degradation, but also to the vermicompost characteristics, since these organic materials will be reintroduced in the environment as organic amendments and/or fertilizers in agriculture. The plastic presence induced a significant negative effect in survival and body weight of E. fetida with an average decrease of 10% and 15%, respectively, and differences on the characteristics of the vermicomposts obtained, mainly related with NPK content. Although the plastic proportion tested (1.25% f. w.) did not induce acute toxicity in worms, effects of oxidative stress were found. Thus, the exposure of E. fetida to AWP with smaller size or pre-treated with UV seemed to induce a biochemical response, but the mechanism of oxidative stress response did not seem to be dependent on the size or shape of plastic fragments or pre-treated plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z E Blesa Marco
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. de Beniel Km 3,2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain
| | - J A Sáez
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. de Beniel Km 3,2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain
| | - A M Pedraza Torres
- Laboratorio Ecotoxicologia, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM); Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - E Martínez Sabater
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. de Beniel Km 3,2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain
| | - L Orden
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. de Beniel Km 3,2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain; Estación Experimental Agropecuaria INTA Ascasubi (EEA INTA Ascasubi), Ruta 3 Km 794, 8142, Hilario Ascasubi, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F J Andreu-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. de Beniel Km 3,2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain
| | - M A Bustamante
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. de Beniel Km 3,2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain.
| | - F C Marhuenda-Egea
- Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, Multidisciplinary for Environmental Studies Ramón Margalef, San Vicent Del Raspeig, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | - M J López
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excel-lence CeiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - F Suárez-Estrella
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excel-lence CeiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - R Moral
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. de Beniel Km 3,2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain
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Vergara HD, Gómez CH, Faccini-Martínez ÁA, Herrera AC, López MJ, Camacho C, Muñoz L, Cruz-Saavedra L, Hernández C, Ramírez JD. Acute Chagas Disease Outbreak among Military Personnel, Colombia, 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1882-1885. [PMID: 37610186 PMCID: PMC10461683 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an acute Chagas disease outbreak among soldiers in Colombia. Trypanosoma cruzi infection was confirmed through parasitology, serology, and molecular methods. Among 9 affected soldiers, 2 died; 7 were hospitalized and received benznidazole treatment, which produced favorable outcomes. Personnel patrolling rural areas in Colombia could be at increased risk for Chagas disease.
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Jiménez R, Suárez-Estrella F, Jurado MM, López-González JA, Estrella-González MJ, Toribio AJ, Martínez-Gallardo MR, Lerma-Moliz R, López MJ. Sustainable approach to the control of airborne phytopathogenic fungi by application of compost extracts. Waste Manag 2023; 171:143-154. [PMID: 37659121 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The search for new sustainable alternatives for plant disease control has gained interest in the last decades. Compost extracts are nowadays considered a remarkable alternative to agrochemicals due to their biopesticidal properties. However, these properties could be affected by the different variables of extraction protocols and by starting compost. This work focused on the physicochemical and biological characterization of compost extracts obtained from a wide range of composted materials and different extraction protocols (CEP). CEP-1 and CEP-4 involved incubation at 20 °C for 48 h and 14 days, respectively; CEP-2 incubation for 24 h at 40 °C; while CEP-3 were incubated for 12 h at 70 °C. Electrical conductivity, pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and phenolic content were determined as well as the actinobacterial count and enzyme profiles related to plant pathogen suppression. Additionally, the influence of the different materials and protocols on the in vitro growth inhibition of Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea was determined. The starting materials and extraction protocols significantly influenced the physicochemical and biological characteristics of extracts. Treatments based on long incubation times at 20 °C, as well as those based on short incubation times at 40 °C, resulted in extracts with increased suppressive properties. However, extracts derived from CEP-3 protocol were characterized by high phenolic and TOC content, low functional biodiversity, and a more discreet antagonistic capacity. Therefore, the development and optimization of suitable extraction protocols could lead to compost extracts with increased phytoprotective capacities, thus becoming an effective and sustainable alternative to chemical inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jiménez
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - F Suárez-Estrella
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - M M Jurado
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - J A López-González
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M J Estrella-González
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A J Toribio
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M R Martínez-Gallardo
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - R Lerma-Moliz
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M J López
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Reyes RE, López MJ, Pérez JE, Martínez G. Description of changes in clinical outcomes following the implementation of an antibiotic stewardship program in a level IV hospital. Biomedica 2023; 43:244-251. [PMID: 37433162 PMCID: PMC10540980 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inadequate prescription of antibiotics has been recognized as a public health problem by the World Health Organization. In this context, antibiotic stewardship programs have been implemented as a tool to mitigate its impact. OBJETIVE To describe the changes in clinical outcomes after the implementation of an antibiotic stewardship program in a level IV hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a unique cohort study of patients hospitalized for infectious pathologies that were treated with antibiotics in an advanced medical facility. We collected the clinical history before the implementation of the antibiotic stewardship program (2013 to 2015) and then we compared it to the records from 2018 to 2019 collected after the implementation of the program. We evaluated changes in clinical outcomes such as overall mortality, and hospital stay, among others. RESULTS We analyzed 1,066 patients: 266 from the preimplementation group and 800 from the post-implementation group. The average age was 59.2 years and 62% of the population was male. Statistically significant differences were found in overall mortality (29% vs 15%; p<0.001), mortality due to infectious causes (25% vs 9%; p<0.001), and average hospital stay (45 days vs 21 days; p<0.001); we also observed a tendency to decrease hospital readmission at 30 days for infectious causes (14% vs 10%; p=0.085). CONCLUSIONS The antibiotic stewardship program implemented was associated with a decrease in overall mortality and mortality due to infectious causes, as well as in average hospital stay. Our results evidenced the importance of interventions aimed at mitigating the impact of inadequate prescription of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Eduardo Reyes
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - María José López
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | | | - Gustavo Martínez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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Forcadell-Díez L, Juárez Martínez O, Abiétar DG, López MJ, Sánchez-Martínez F, Perez G. Healthy and Equitable Interpersonal Relationships, Health Inequalities and Socio-Educational Interventions: A Conceptual Framework for Action. J Sch Health 2023; 93:521-532. [PMID: 36917972 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpersonal relationships undoubtedly have a bidirectional connection with the health of individuals and communities. Relational models based on equity contribute to well-being, while asymmetrical relationships based on hierarchies and differences of power negatively impact mental, physical, and social health. METHODS A conceptual framework for understanding the determinants of interpersonal relational models was developed. RESULTS Structural determinants were identified as the combined action of systems of oppression, the socio-historical context that normalizes violence, and social stratification and segregation, consequences which included inequitable access to power, resources, and opportunities. Intermediate determinants include individual, psychosocial, behavioral, and community aspects. Structural and intermediate determinants impact health and health inequalities through multiple relational patterns that are simultaneously established and sustained by individuals and communities. The health impact of inequitable relational patterns includes: Reduced self-esteem; anxiety, stress, and depression; acceptance of violence; physical and sexual harm; suicide; and murder. CONCLUSIONS This conceptual framework allows for the modification of relational models by influencing structural and intermediate determinants. Six areas of intervention have been identified: educative policies, school governance, physical and symbolic space, school curriculum, school-community relations, and socio-educative interventions to promote healthy and equitable relationships. Healthy and equitable relationships are associated with improved subjective well-being, health status and protection from violence. Socio-educational interventions that consider the elements of this conceptual framework may be effective in promoting healthy and equitable relational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Forcadell-Díez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Associate Professor, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel G Abiétar
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Associate Professor, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Associate Professor, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Researcher in CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Researcher in Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Sánchez-Martínez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Researcher in Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Perez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Associate Professor, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Researcher in CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Researcher in Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Lerma-Moliz R, López-González JA, Suárez-Estrella F, Martínez-Gallardo MR, Jurado MM, Estrella-González MJ, Toribio AJ, Jiménez R, López MJ. Mitigation of phytotoxic effect of compost by application of optimized aqueous extraction protocols. Sci Total Environ 2023; 873:162288. [PMID: 36801343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of chemical fertilizers in recent decades has led the promotion of less harmful alternatives, such as compost or aqueous extracts obtained from it. Therefore, it is essential to develop liquid biofertilizers, which in addition of being stable and useful for fertigation and foliar application in intensive agriculture had a remarkable phytostimulant extracts. For this purpose, a collection of aqueous extracts was obtained by applying four different Compost Extraction Protocols (CEP1, CEP2, CEP3, CEP4) in terms of incubation time, temperature and agitation of compost samples from agri-food waste, olive mill waste, sewage sludge and vegetable waste. Subsequently, a physicochemical characterization of the obtained set was performed in which pH, electrical conductivity and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) were measured. In addition, a biological characterization was also carried out by calculating the Germination Index (GI) and determining the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5). Furthermore, functional diversity was studied using the Biolog EcoPlates technique. The results obtained confirmed the great heterogeneity of the selected raw materials. However, it was observed that the less aggressive treatments in terms of temperature and incubation time, such as CEP1 (48 h, room temperature (RT)) or CEP4 (14 days, RT), provided aqueous compost extracts with better phytostimulant characteristics than the starting composts. It was even possible to find a compost extraction protocol that maximize the beneficial effects of compost. This was the case of CEP1, which improved the GI and reduced the phytotoxicity in most of the raw materials analyzed. Therefore, the use of this type of liquid organic amendment could mitigate the phytotoxic effect of several composts being a good alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lerma-Moliz
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - J A López-González
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - F Suárez-Estrella
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M R Martínez-Gallardo
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M M Jurado
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M J Estrella-González
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A J Toribio
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - R Jiménez
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M J López
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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11
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San Pío MJ, Clotas C, Espelt A, López MJ, Bosque-Prous M, Juárez O, Bartroli M. Effectiveness of a preschool emotional education programme administered over 3 grades: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Public Health 2023; 218:53-59. [PMID: 36965464 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotional education programmes are universal preventive strategies for health promotion, especially mental health. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of '1,2,3, emoció!': a preschool-based programme designed to improve emotional competence and targeted to 3-5-year-old children in Barcelona during three academic years. STUDY DESIGN Cluster randomised trial, using schools as clusters. METHODS The study's population included preschoolers 3-5 years old from Barcelona. Teachers offered the programme during one or three academic years in the intervention groups. We evaluated the emotional competence of each child at the beginning and the end of the academic year with the Emotional Competence Assessment Questionnaire (30-180 scale). We studied the implementation process and analysed the outcomes with nested linear regression models. Considering sociodemographic variables and implementation outcomes, we obtained the individual differences in emotional competence at the end of the school year-segregated by sex-for intervention and comparison groups. RESULTS 1586 children participated in the study. The emotional competence level increased significantly after one year (4.1 in boys; 5.6 in girls; P < 0.05) and after three years of intervention (5.5 in boys; 8.0 in girls; P < 0.01), compared to comparison group. The level of emotional competence was the highest for the 3-year intervention group: we obtained an average ECAQ score of 131.1 (95% CI 126.9-135.2) for boys and 141 (95% CI 137.2-144.9) for girls. We observed that an accurate implementation improved its results. CONCLUSIONS The programme '1,2,3, emoció!' effectively increases preschool children's emotional competence, especially when the programme is rigorously implemented for three years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J San Pío
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Clotas
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Espelt
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic- Universitat Central de Catalunya, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les ciències de la salut, Universitat Auntònoma de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - M J López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau. Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Bosque-Prous
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les ciències de la salut, Universitat Auntònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain
| | - O Juárez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau. Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Bartroli
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau. Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Ríos MP, López-Medina DC, Tort CG, Brandariz JR, Lema LV, Santiago-Pérez MI, Candal C, Montes A, López MJ, Dalmau R, Provencio M, Fernández E, Blanco A, Ravina AR. Mortality attributable to environmental tobacco smoke exposure in Spain in 2020. Arch Bronconeumol 2023; 59:305-310. [PMID: 36967344 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of ETS exposure in Spain on mortality in 2020 in the population aged 35 years and over. METHODS A method of estimating attributable mortality (AM) based on the prevalence of ETS exposure was applied. Prevalence data were obtained from a representative study conducted in Spain and the relative risks were derived from a meta-analysis. AM point estimates are presented along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), calculated using a bootstrap naive procedure. AM, both overall and by smoking habit, was estimated for each combination of sex, age group, and cause of death (lung cancer and ischemic heart disease). A sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 747 (95% CI 676-825) deaths were attributable to ETS exposure, of which 279 (95% CI 256-306) were caused by lung cancer, and 468 (95% CI 417-523) by ischemic heart disease. Three-quarters (75.1%) of AM occurred in men and 60.9% in non-smokers. When chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerebrovascular disease are included, the burden of AM is estimated at 2242 deaths. CONCLUSIONS ETS exposure is associated with 1.5% of all deaths from lung cancer and ischemic heart disease in the population aged 35 and over. These data underline the need for health authorities to focus on reducing exposure to ETS in all settings and environments.
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13
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Borrell C, Palència L, Marí-Dell’Olmo M, Bartoll X, Gotsens M, Pasarín MI, Artazcoz L, Rodríguez-Sanz M, López MJ, Pérez K. A City Surveillance System for Social Health Inequalities: The Case of Barcelona. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3536. [PMID: 36834231 PMCID: PMC9961633 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the past, health inequalities were not prioritised in the political agenda of Barcelona. The change of city government (2015) was an opportunity to develop a Surveillance System for Social Health Inequalities in the city, which is described in this article. METHODS The design of the Surveillance System formed part of the Joint Action for Health Equity in Europe (JAHEE), funded by the European Union. Various steps were considered by the experts to set up the System: define its objectives, target population, domains and indicators, and sources of information; perform data analysis; implement and disseminate the system; define the evaluation; and perform regular data updates. RESULTS The System considers the following domains: social determinants of health, health-related with behaviours, use of healthcare, and health outcomes, and includes eight indicators. As axes of inequality, the experts chose sex, age, social class, country of origin, and geographical area. The Surveillance System for Social Health Inequalities is presented on a website including different types of figures. CONCLUSION The methodology used to implement the Surveillance System can be used to implement similar systems in other urban areas around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Borrell
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Palència
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Bartoll
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Gotsens
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Pasarín
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Artazcoz
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maica Rodríguez-Sanz
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katherine Pérez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Martínez-Gallardo MR, Jurado MM, López-González JA, Toribio A, Suárez-Estrella F, Sáez JA, Moral R, Andreu-Rodríguez FJ, López MJ. Biorecovery of olive mill wastewater sludge from evaporation ponds. J Environ Manage 2022; 319:115647. [PMID: 35803069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewater (OMW) resulting from the olive oil extraction process is usually disposed of in evaporation ponds where it concentrates generating a sludge that pollutes the ponds nearby area. In this study, four bio-treatments were applied for the in-situ bioremediation and valorization of OMW sludge: Landfarming, phytoremediation, composting and vermicomposting. In all cases, the OMW sludge was added with organic residues (mushroom compost, rabbit manure, and chicken manure). The bio-treatments were carried out in duplicate, inoculated and non-inoculated, to determine the effect of a specialized fungal consortium (Aspergillus ochraceus H2 and Scedosporium apiospermum H16) on the efficacy of the bio-treatments. The evaluation of chemical parameters, toxicity, and functional microbial biodiversity revealed that the four techniques depleted the toxicity and favored the stimulation of functional microbiota. Landfarming and phytoremediation allowed the decontamination and improvement of soils. Composting and vermicomposting also offered high-quality products of agronomic interest. Inoculation improved the bioremediation effectiveness. Biological treatments are effective for the safe recovery of contaminated OMW sludge into high-quality services and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Martínez-Gallardo
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
| | - M M Jurado
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - J A López-González
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - A Toribio
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - F Suárez-Estrella
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - J A Sáez
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - R Moral
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - F J Andreu-Rodríguez
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - M J López
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
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15
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Lapena C, Continente X, Sánchez Mascuñano A, Mari dell'Olmo M, López MJ. Effectiveness of a community intervention to reduce social isolation among older people in low-income neighbourhoods. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:677-683. [PMID: 36074028 PMCID: PMC9527970 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social and demographic trends show a global increase of proportion of older people at risk of social isolation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention conducted in low-income neighbourhoods to reduce social isolation and its negative effects on health in older persons. Methods A quasi-experimental study with a comparison group was performed. The ‘School of Health for Older People’ is a weekly community intervention that promotes resources among individuals and communities to enhance their ability to identify problems and activate solutions, encouraging community participation. Data were collected at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Social support, psychological morbidity and health-related quality of life were measured through questionnaires information on visits to the primary care centre was obtained from the electronic medical records of primary care centres. Multivariate regression models were conducted to assess changes after the intervention. Results A total of 135 participants were included in the study. The intervention helped to improve participants’ mental health (aPR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.23–0.90) comparing with the comparison group. Also, the intervention helped to maintain quality of life and social support, which were worsened or maintained respectively in the case of comparison group. Conclusions Our results provide evidence on how a community intervention can improve quality of life, mental health and social support in older people. The evidence can help to fill the knowledge gap in this area and might be especially useful for the design of social and public health policies and programmes for older people in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in urban areas. Trial registration NCT03142048
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lapena
- Centre d'Atenció Primària Sanllehy, Gerència d'Àmbit d'Atenció Primària Barcelona Ciutat, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain.,Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona Ciutat, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Continente
- Evaluation and Intervention Methods Service, Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Sánchez Mascuñano
- Preventive Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mari dell'Olmo
- Evaluation and Intervention Methods Service, Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J López
- Evaluation and Intervention Methods Service, Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences at Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Toribio AJ, Suárez-Estrella F, Jurado MM, López-González JA, Martínez-Gallardo MR, López MJ. Design and validation of cyanobacteria-rhizobacteria consortia for tomato seedlings growth promotion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13150. [PMID: 35909166 PMCID: PMC9339543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of rhizobacteria provide great benefits in terms of nitrogen supply, suppression of plant diseases, or production of vitamins and phytohormones that stimulate the plant growth. At the same time, cyanobacteria can photosynthesize, fix nitrogen, synthesize substances that stimulate rhizogenesis, plant aerial growth, or even suppose an extra supply of carbon usable by heterotrophic bacteria, as well as act as biological control agents, give them an enormous value as plant growth promoters. The present study focused on the in vitro establishment of consortia using heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria and the determination of their effectiveness in the development of tomato seedlings. Microbial collection was composed of 3 cyanobacteria (SAB-M612 and SAB-B866 belonging to Nostocaceae Family) and GS (unidentified cyanobacterium) and two phosphate and potassium solubilizing heterotrophic bacteria (Pseudomonas putida-BIO175 and Pantoea cypripedii-BIO175). The results revealed the influence of the culture medium, incubation time and the microbial components of each consortium in determining their success as biofertilizers. In this work, the most compatible consortia were obtained by combining the SAB-B866 and GS cyanobacteria with either of the two heterotrophic bacteria. Cyanobacteria GS promoted the growth of both rhizobacteria in vitro (increasing logarithmic units when they grew together). While Cyanobacteria SAB-B866 together with both rhizobacteria stimulated the growth of tomato seedlings in planta, leading to greater aerial development of the treated seedlings. Parameters such as fresh weight and stem diameter stood out in the plants treated with the consortia (SAB-B866 and both bacteria) compared to the untreated plants, where the values doubled. However, the increase was more discrete for the parameters stem length and number of leaves. These results suggest that the artificial formulation of microbial consortia can have positive synergistic effects on plant growth, which is of enormous agro-biotechnological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Toribio
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
| | - F Suárez-Estrella
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - M M Jurado
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - J A López-González
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - M R Martínez-Gallardo
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - M J López
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
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17
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Carrere J, Belvis F, Peralta A, Marí-Dell'Olmo M, López MJ, Benach J, Novoa AM. Effectiveness of an Energy-Counseling Intervention in Reducing Energy Poverty: Evidence from a Quasi-Experimental Study in a Southern European City. J Urban Health 2022; 99:549-561. [PMID: 35622196 PMCID: PMC9187783 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-022-00642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Energy poverty is a serious social problem with well-known adverse health consequences. This problem has been addressed mainly through improvements in the energy efficiency of housing. Still, little is known about the effects of information-based measures on energy poverty and their impacts on health. A quasi-experimental study was implemented to assess the effectiveness of an energy-counseling home visit intervention targeting the vulnerable population in a southern European city, Barcelona, in alleviating energy poverty and improving health. The intervention had beneficial impacts on keeping homes at an adequate indoor temperature and reducing primary care visits. No effects were found on self-perceived health or self-reported anxiety and depression. After the intervention, participants reported a decrease in arrears on utility bills, but less pronounced than in the comparison group. In conclusion, the study showed that information-based measures lead to psychosocial gains and reduced healthcare use. Nevertheless, the impact of these measures could be enhanced by combining them with policies and programmes that address the structural determinants of energy poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Carrere
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023, Pl. Lesseps 1, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Belvis
- Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, and Employment Conditions (GREDS-EMCONET) Department of Political and Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Johns Hopkins University-Universitat Pompeu Fabra Public Policy Center (JHU-UPF PPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Peralta
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marc Marí-Dell'Olmo
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023, Pl. Lesseps 1, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023, Pl. Lesseps 1, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Benach
- Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, and Employment Conditions (GREDS-EMCONET) Department of Political and Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Johns Hopkins University-Universitat Pompeu Fabra Public Policy Center (JHU-UPF PPC), Barcelona, Spain.,UPF Barcelona School of Management (UPF-BSM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Novoa
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023, Pl. Lesseps 1, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Mourino N, Ruano-Raviña A, Varela Lema L, Fernández E, López MJ, Santiago-Pérez MI, Rey-Brandariz J, Giraldo-Osorio A, Pérez-Ríos M. Serum cotinine cut-points for secondhand smoke exposure assessment in children under 5 years: A systemic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267319. [PMID: 35511766 PMCID: PMC9070924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum cotinine has become the most widely used biomarker of secondhand smoke exposure (SHS) over time in all ages. The aim of this study was to review the serum cotinine cut-points used to classify children under 5 years as exposed to SHS. Methods A systematic review performed in the Pubmed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE databases up to April 2021 was conducted using as key words "serum cotinine", “tobacco smoke pollution” (MeSH), "secondhand smoke", "environmental tobacco smoke" and “tobacco smoke exposure”. Papers which assessed SHS exposure among children younger than 5 years old were included. The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. Analysis was pre-registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021251263). Results 247 articles were identified and 51 fulfilled inclusion criteria. The selected studies were published between 1985–2020. Most of them included adolescents and adults. Only three assessed postnatal exposure exclusively among children under 5 years. None of the selected studies proposed age-specific cut-points for children < 5 years old. Cut-point values to assess SHS exposure ranged from 0.015 to 100 ng/ml. The most commonly used cut-point was 0.05 ng/ml, derived from the assay limit of detection used by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Conclusions No studies have calculated serum cotinine age-specific cut-points to ascertained SHS exposure among children under 5 years old. Children’s age-specific cut-points are warranted for health research and public health purposes aimed at accurately estimating the prevalence of SHS exposure and attributable burden of disease to such exposure, and at reinforcing 100% smoke-free policies worldwide, both in homes, private vehicles and public places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Mourino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Ruano-Raviña
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Varela Lema
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO), Badalona, Spain
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José López
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Evaluación y Métodos de Intervención, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julia Rey-Brandariz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alexandra Giraldo-Osorio
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Grupo de investigación Promoción de la Salud y Prevención de la Enfermedad (GIPSPE), Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
- Fundación Carolina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez-Ríos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Nogueira SO, Fu M, Lugo A, Tigova O, Henderson E, López MJ, Clancy L, Semple S, Soriano JB, Fernandez E, Gallus S. Non-smokers' and smokers' support for smoke-free legislation in 14 indoor and outdoor settings across 12 European countries. Environ Res 2022; 204:112224. [PMID: 34717946 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND European countries differ considerably in the scope and the extent of their policies to protect people from the harms of secondhand smoke exposure. Public opinion may have a substantial influence on several stages of policy development, implementation, and compliance. For this reason, we aimed to evaluate the population level of support for smoke-free policies and its correlates. METHODS We used data from the TackSHS Survey (2017-2018), a cross-sectional study with representative samples of the general population aged ≥15 years from 12 European countries. We described the proportion of non-smokers' and smokers' support for the implementation of smoke-free legislation in 14 indoor and outdoor settings and the country-level characteristics associated with it. RESULTS In the total sample (n = 11,902), support for smoke-free legislation were the lowest for restaurants/bar patios (non-smokers = 53.0%; smokers = 29.2%) and the highest for workplaces (non-smokers = 78.5%; smokers = 66.5%). In the country-level analysis, the highest support among non-smokers was for workplaces in Bulgaria (93.1%) and the lowest for restaurants/bars patios in Greece (39.4%). Among smokers, the corresponding estimates were for children's playgrounds in Latvia (88.9%) and for cars in Portugal (21%). For most settings, support for smoke-free legislation was directly related with the countries' prevalence of secondhand smoke presence and reported smoking in each setting. DISCUSSION Our results show that the majority of European adults (including a large proportion of smokers) are supportive of implementing smoke-free legislation in indoor settings and extending it to selected outdoor settings. Such expressive support can be seen as an opportunity to advance legislation and protect the European population from secondhand smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah O Nogueira
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Fu
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandra Lugo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Olena Tigova
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luke Clancy
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, TU Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Semple
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Joan B Soriano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario La Princesa (IISP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernandez
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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20
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Peruga A, Rodríguez Lozano F, López MJ, Córdoba García R, Nerín I, Sureda X, Fernández E. [Tobacco heated products: a new challenge in tobacco control]. Gac Sanit 2022; 36:57-59. [PMID: 33563478 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As cigarette sales decline, the tobacco industry has turned to the sale of heated tobacco products (HTP), which are on the rise. We are concerned with reports erroneously indicating that heated tobacco is associated with a lower risk of cancer and other diseases than conventional cigarettes, citing as a source the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States. The FDA has indeed authorized the sale of an HTP, but denies that this approval is an endorsement of the product or that it is safe. Philip Morris asked the FDA to approve this product as a "modified risk" tobacco product. However, the Agency denied that the risk to users' health was less than conventional cigarettes, despite emitting less amount of some toxicants. Spain and the European Union should end the regulatory privileges that HTPs have until now. We identified at least five aspects to improve: 1) compliance with the prohibition of HTPs use where smoking is prohibited; 2) control of the prohibition of advertising, promotion, and sponsorship of HTPs; 3) that HTPs carry the same type of labeling as cigarettes; 4) limit that HTPs have characteristic aromas; and 5) treat HTPs fiscally at the same level as cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Peruga
- Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Centro de Epidemiología y Políticas de Salud, Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - Rodrigo Córdoba García
- Centro de Salud Delicias Sur, Zaragoza, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
| | - Isabel Nerín
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
| | - Xisca Sureda
- Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Grupo de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, España; Departamento de Epidemiología y Bioestadística, Escuela de Salud Pública y Políticas de Salud, City University of New York, Nueva York, Estados Unidos de América
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Unidad de Control de Tabaco, Centro Colaborador de la OMS en Control del Tabaco, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España.
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21
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Sanz-Barbero B, Saurina C, Serra L, Renart Vicens G, Vall-Llosera Casanovas L, Otero-García L, López MJ, Perez G, Vives-Cases C. Prevalence and associated factors with sexual violence victimisation youth before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study in Spain. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e055227. [PMID: 34845078 PMCID: PMC8634661 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the prevalence of sexual violence (SV) and associated factors in Spanish young adults in the last year and before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. DESIGN Cross-sectional study based on the online 'SV in Young People Survey' (2020). SETTING Non-institutionalised population residing in Spain. PARTICIPANTS 2515 men and women aged 18-35 years old. The participants were obtained from a probability based, online closed panel of adults aged 16 or older that is representative of the non-institutionalised population. The sample designed includes quotas by sex, age, region and country of origin. OUTCOMES MEASURES AND ANALYSES SV victimisation by sociodemographics, sexual attraction and couple-related characteristics during the past year and before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown (March-June 2020). Prevalence ratios were calculated using robust Poisson regression models. RESULTS In Spain, 8.5% of young people experienced SV during the past year. The greatest prevalence was observed in women with bisexual attraction (17.5%) and in men with homosexual attraction (14.2%). During the COVID-19 lockdown, the prevalence of SV victimisation was lower (1.9%), but unwanted intercourses increased, affecting 64.4% of those exposed to SV during the period. People with homosexual or bisexual attraction were more likely to experience SV in all of the studied periods (PRbefore: 2.01; p<0.001; PRduring: 2.63 p=0.002; PRafter: 2.67; p<0.001). Women were more likely than men to experience SV prior to the lockdown, while no cohabitation increased the likelihood to experience SV after this period CONCLUSIONS: SV victimisation in Spanish youth is high. During COVID-19, there were changes in the magnitude of factors associated with SV. It seems that SV events decreased in people who did not live with their partners, but unwanted intercourses increased. The development of prevention strategies to address SV in youth should take into account social inequalities by sex, sexual orientation and origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Sanz-Barbero
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Saurina
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Serra
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Gemma Renart Vicens
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Vall-Llosera Casanovas
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Otero-García
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Nursing Department. Falculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José López
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, Alicante University, Alicante, Spain
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22
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Vásquez-Vera H, León-Gómez BB, Borrell C, Jacques-Aviñó C, López MJ, Medina-Perucha L, Pasarin M, Sánchez-Ledesma E, Pérez K. Inequities in the distribution of COVID-19: an adaptation of WHO's conceptual framework. Gac Sanit 2021; 36:488-492. [PMID: 34823902 PMCID: PMC8526437 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic currently affects populations worldwide. Although everyone is susceptible to the virus, there are numerous accounts of the pandemic having a greater impact on lower socioeconomic groups and minorities, which is a ubiquitous phenomenon. It is essential for public health administrations and governments to uncover and understanding these inequities to develop proper intersectoral policies to tackle this crisis. Therefore, developing a conceptual framework on this topic, describing the social mechanisms that explain the unjust distribution of the incidence and mortality of COVID-19, is a key task. The aim of this paper is to adapt the framework on social determinants of health from the World Health Organization to the specifics of COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it identifies and explains the structural and intermediate determinants involved in this pandemic, and adds some new elements (such as the role of the oppression systems and communication) which may help to understand, and ultimately tackle, social inequities in COVID-19 distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Vásquez-Vera
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carme Borrell
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Constanza Jacques-Aviñó
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Laura Medina-Perucha
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Pasarin
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Esther Sánchez-Ledesma
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katherine Pérez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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23
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Moreno J, López-González JA, Arcos-Nievas MA, Suárez-Estrella F, Jurado MM, Estrella-González MJ, López MJ. Revisiting the succession of microbial populations throughout composting: A matter of thermotolerance. Sci Total Environ 2021; 773:145587. [PMID: 33592470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Composting has been traditionally considered a process in which a succession of mesophilic and thermophilic microbial populations occurs due to temperature changes. In order to deepen in this model, 1380 bacterial and fungal strains (the entire culturable microbiota isolated from a composting process) were investigated for their ability to grow across a wide range of temperatures (20 to 60 °C). First, qualitative tests were performed to establish a thermal profile for each strain. Then, quantitative tests allowed ascertaining the extent of growth for each strain at each of the tested temperatures. The identity of the isolates enabled to position them taxonomically and permitted tracking the strains throughout the process. Results showed that 90% of the isolates were classified as thermotolerant (they grew at all tested temperatures). Only 9% and 1% of the studied strains showed to be strictly mesophilic or thermophilic, respectively. Firmicutes exhibited the greatest thermal plasticity, followed by Actinobacteria and Ascomycota. Most of the Proteobacteria and all Basidiomycota strains were also able to grow at all the assayed temperatures. Thermotolerance was clearly demonstrated among the composting microbiota, suggesting that the idea of the succession of mesophilic and thermophilic populations throughout the process might need a reassessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moreno
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - J A López-González
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - M A Arcos-Nievas
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - F Suárez-Estrella
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M M Jurado
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M J Estrella-González
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M J López
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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24
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Pérez-Ríos M, Fernández E, López MJ. Smoking-attributable mortality in Spain: Quo Vadis? Arch Bronconeumol 2021; 57:515-516. [PMID: 34052194 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Pérez-Ríos
- Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Programa de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María José López
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Evaluación y Métodos de Intervención, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Toribio AJ, Jurado MM, Suárez-Estrella F, López MJ, López-González JA, Moreno J. Seed biopriming with cyanobacterial extracts as an eco-friendly strategy to control damping off caused by Pythium ultimum in seedbeds. Microbiol Res 2021; 248:126766. [PMID: 33873139 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This work highlights the ability of various cyanobacterial extracts from Anabaena spp., Tolypothrix spp., Nostoc or Trichormus, among others genera, to control the incidence of damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum in cucumber seedlings. Protocols applied aimed at the preliminary characterization of the cyanobacterial collection were very useful for predicting their phytotoxic, phytostimulating and biopesticidal capacity. First, the phytostimulatory or phytotoxic potential of a collection of 31 sonicated cyanobacterial extracts was analyzed by calculating the germination index in watercress seeds and the increase or loss of seedling weight. Likewise, the collection was characterized according to its ability to inhibit the growth of P. ultimum by dual culture bioassays and detached-leaf test. Finally, after selecting the most effective extracts, a preventive damping-off bioassay was performed based on cucumber seed biopriming. The strain SAB-M465 showed to be the most efficient strain against the in vitro growth of P. ultimum, while SAB-B912 was more discreet in this regard, but proved to be the most effective as a germination stimulator. Seed biopriming strategy with sonicated extracts of cyanobacteria revealed a remarkable promoter effect in the early stages of plant development, although only SAB-M465 was positioned as an effective control agent against damping-off caused by P. ultimum in cucumber seedbeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Toribio
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - M M Jurado
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - F Suárez-Estrella
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
| | - M J López
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - J A López-González
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - J Moreno
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
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26
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Sacristán I, Acuña F, Aguilar E, García S, José López M, Cabello J, Hidalgo‐Hermoso E, Sanderson J, Terio KA, Barrs V, Beatty J, Johnson WE, Millán J, Poulin E, Napolitano C. Cross-species transmission of retroviruses among domestic and wild felids in human-occupied landscapes in Chile. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1070-1082. [PMID: 33897821 PMCID: PMC8061269 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human transformation of natural habitats facilitates pathogen transmission between domestic and wild species. The guigna (Leopardus guigna), a small felid found in Chile, has experienced habitat loss and an increased probability of contact with domestic cats. Here, we describe the interspecific transmission of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) between domestic cats and guignas and assess its correlation with human landscape perturbation. Blood and tissue samples from 102 free-ranging guignas and 262 domestic cats were collected and analyzed by PCR and sequencing. Guigna and domestic cat FeLV and FIV prevalence were very similar. Phylogenetic analysis showed guigna FeLV and FIV sequences are positioned within worldwide domestic cat virus clades with high nucleotide similarity. Guigna FeLV infection was significantly associated with fragmented landscapes with resident domestic cats. There was little evidence of clinical signs of disease in guignas. Our results contribute to the understanding of the implications of landscape perturbation and emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vanessa Barrs
- University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public HealthCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong
| | - Julia Beatty
- University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public HealthCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong
| | - Warren E. Johnson
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological ParkWashintonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- The Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringMarylandUSA
- Present address:
The Walter Reed Biosystematics UnitSmithsonian InstitutionSuitlandMarylandUSA
| | - Javier Millán
- Universidad Andres BelloSantiagoChile
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón‐IA2University of Zaragoza‐CITAZaragozaSpain
- Fundación ARAIDZaragozaSpain
| | - Elie Poulin
- Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | - Constanza Napolitano
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y BiodiversidadUniversidad de Los LagosOsornoChile
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27
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Peruga A, López MJ, Martinez C, Fernández E. Tobacco control policies in the 21st century: achievements and open challenges. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:744-752. [PMID: 33533185 PMCID: PMC7931122 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cancer, are responsible for almost 70% of all deaths worldwide. Tobacco use is a risk factor common to most NCDs. This article discusses tobacco control policies and highlights major achievements and open challenges to reduce smoking prevalence and attributable morbidity and mortality in the 21st century. The introduction of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2005 has been a key achievement in the field and has already facilitated a drop in both smoking prevalence and exposure to secondhand smoke. Indicatively, the size of the worldwide population benefiting from at least one cost‐effective tobacco control policy has quadrupled since 2007. In addition, plain cigarette packaging has been successfully introduced as a tobacco control policy, surmounting efforts of the tobacco industry to challenge this based on trade and investment law. Nevertheless, tobacco control still faces major challenges. Smoking prevalence needs to be further reduced in a rather expedited manner. Smoke‐free environments should be extended, and the use of plain tobacco packaging with large pictorial health warnings for all tobacco products should be further promoted in some parts of the world. Some of these measures will require prompt determination and diligence. For example, bold political decisions are needed to significantly increase real prices of tobacco products through excise taxes, ban added ingredients that are currently used to increase the attractiveness of tobacco products and ban the tobacco industry's corporate social responsibility initiatives. Finally, the debate on harm reduction strategies for tobacco control still needs to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Peruga
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Research Programme, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Consortium of Centers for Biomedical Research on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Epidemiology and Health Policies, Clínica Alemana School of Medicine, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José López
- Evaluation and Intervention Methods Service, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Spain.,Consortium of Centers for Biomedical Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Martinez
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Research Programme, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Consortium of Centers for Biomedical Research on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Center on Tobacco Control, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Research Programme, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Consortium of Centers for Biomedical Research on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Center on Tobacco Control, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Merchán A, Pérez-Fernández C, López MJ, Moreno J, Moreno M, Sánchez-Santed F, Flores P. Dietary tryptophan depletion alters the faecal bacterial community structure of compulsive drinker rats in schedule-induced polydipsia. Physiol Behav 2021; 233:113356. [PMID: 33577871 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Compulsive behaviour, present in different psychiatric disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia and drug abuse, is associated with altered levels of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The gut microbiota regulates tryptophan (TRP) metabolism and may affect global 5-H synthesis in the enteric and central nervous systems, suggesting a possible involvement of gut microbiota in compulsive spectrum disorders. OBJECTIVES The present study investigated whether chronic TRP depletion by diet alters the faecal bacterial community profiles of compulsive versus non-compulsive rats in schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP). Peripheral plasma 5-HT and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were evaluated. METHODS Wistar rats were selected as High Drinkers (HD) or Low Drinkers (LD) according to their SIP behaviour and were fed for 14 days with either a TRP-free diet (T-) or a TRP-supplemented diet (T+). The faecal bacterial community structure was investigated with 16S rRNA gene-targeted denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting analysis. RESULTS Compulsive HD rats showed a lower bacterial diversity than LD rats, irrespectively of the diet. The TRP-depleted HD rats, the only group increasing compulsive licking in SIP, showed a reduction of bacterial evenness and a highly functionally organized community compared with the other groups, indicating that this bacterial community is more fragile to external changes due to the dominance of a low number of species. The chronic TRP depletion by diet effectively reduced peripheral plasma 5-HT levels in both HD and LD rats, while plasma BDNF levels were not altered. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the possible implication of reduced microbial diversity in compulsive behaviour and the involvement of the serotonergic system in modulating the gut brain-axis in compulsive spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Merchán
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - C Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M J López
- Department of Biology and Geology and CIAMBITAL, University of Almería & CeiA3, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - J Moreno
- Department of Biology and Geology and CIAMBITAL, University of Almería & CeiA3, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - M Moreno
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - F Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - P Flores
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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29
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Pérez-Ríos M, Fernández E, López MJ. Smoking-Associated Mortality in Spain: Quo Vadis? Arch Bronconeumol 2021; 57:S0300-2896(21)00021-1. [PMID: 33642074 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Pérez-Ríos
- Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, España
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Programa de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Madrid, España.
| | - María José López
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, España; Servicio de Evaluación y Métodos de Intervención, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, España; Departamento de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España
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30
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Sánchez-Martínez F, Brugueras S, Serral G, Valmayor S, Juárez O, López MJ, Ariza C. Three-Year Follow-Up of the POIBA Intervention on Childhood Obesity: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:453. [PMID: 33573017 PMCID: PMC7911572 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has increased worldwide over the past four decades. This quasi-experimental study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a multicomponent and multilevel school-based intervention (POIBA) at 3 years of follow-up. The nutrition intervention focused on food groups, food pyramid, nutrients, portions, and balanced menus. In total, 3624 children participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements and information on food frequency and behavior, physical activity, and daily screen use were collected in the intervention (IG) and comparison group (CG). Positive unadjusted changes toward adherence to recommendations were found for water, meat, sweets, and fried potato consumption, proper breakfast, not having dinner in front of the TV, out-of-school physical activity, and daily screen use. Three scores were used to calculate the proportion of children making more than one change to improve healthy habits regarding physical activity (global Activity score), nutrition (global Nutrition score), and both (global score). Students exposed to the intervention had a significantly better global Activity score (16.2% IG vs. 11.9% CG; p = 0.012) and Global score (63.9% IG vs. 58.5% CG; p = 0.025). Intervention effects on obesity incidence at 3-year follow-up lost significance but maintained the positive trend. In conclusion, school-based interventions including a family component could be useful to address the childhood obesity problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sánchez-Martínez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona, ASPB), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.V.); (O.J.); (M.J.L.); (C.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Health and Experimental Science Department, Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Brugueras
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona, ASPB), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.V.); (O.J.); (M.J.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Gemma Serral
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona, ASPB), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.V.); (O.J.); (M.J.L.); (C.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Valmayor
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona, ASPB), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.V.); (O.J.); (M.J.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Olga Juárez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona, ASPB), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.V.); (O.J.); (M.J.L.); (C.A.)
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona, ASPB), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.V.); (O.J.); (M.J.L.); (C.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Health and Experimental Science Department, Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Ariza
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona, ASPB), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.V.); (O.J.); (M.J.L.); (C.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Sáez JA, Pérez-Murcia MD, Vico A, Martínez-Gallardo MR, Andreu-Rodríguez FJ, López MJ, Bustamante MA, Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Moreno J, Moral R. Olive mill wastewater-evaporation ponds long term stored: Integrated assessment of in situ bioremediation strategies based on composting and vermicomposting. J Hazard Mater 2021; 402:123481. [PMID: 32736177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, the method most widely used to manage olive mill wastewater (OMW) derived from olive oil production has been its disposal in evaporation ponds. Long-term storage of OMW leads to the accumulation of toxic sediments (OMWS) rich in recalcitrant compounds with phytotoxic and antimicrobial properties, which limit their use for agronomic purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two in situ bioremediation strategies (composting and a combination of composting followed by vermicomposting) to remove the potential toxicity of the sediments derived from long-term stored OMW. The results obtained showed that the composting method assisted with the earthworms enhanced the depletion of phenolic compounds and OMWS ecotoxicity more than composting, especially during the maturation stage. Moreover, vermicomposting was more effective in the reduction of the OMWS salinity. However, a pre-composting process to the OMWS is necessary prior to vermicomposting to provide the suitable conditions for earthworms survival and activity. Furthermore, the final compost showed a phytostimulating effect. Therefore, these in situ bioremediation strategies can be considered potential tools for decontamination and recovery of long-term stored OMWS in evaporation ponds, which currently poses an unsolved environmental problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Sáez
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - M D Pérez-Murcia
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - A Vico
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - M R Martínez-Gallardo
- Departament of Biology and Geology. CITE II-B, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, CeiA3. CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - F J Andreu-Rodríguez
- Department of Engineering, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - M J López
- Departament of Biology and Geology. CITE II-B, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, CeiA3. CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - M A Bustamante
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
| | - J C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Science (ICAM), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - J Moreno
- Departament of Biology and Geology. CITE II-B, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, CeiA3. CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - R Moral
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
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32
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Oliveras L, Artazcoz L, Borrell C, Palència L, López MJ, Gotsens M, Peralta A, Marí-Dell’Olmo M. The association of energy poverty with health, health care utilisation and medication use in southern Europe. SSM Popul Health 2020; 12:100665. [PMID: 33195789 PMCID: PMC7645633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy poverty (EP) is defined as the inability of a household to secure a socially and materially required level of energy services in the home. The main objective of this study was to analyse the association between EP and distinct indicators of health status, health services utilisation and medication use in southern Europe, using the city of Barcelona as a case study. We conducted a cross-sectional study using the data of the Barcelona Health Survey for 2016 (n = 3519, 53.3% women). We calculated EP percentages according to age, country of birth and social class. We analysed the association between EP and 26 health-related indicators through prevalence ratios (PR), and quantified the impact of EP on health at the population level by calculating the percentage of population attributable risk (PAR%). In Barcelona, 13.3% of women and 11.3% of men experienced EP. The most frequently affected groups were people born in low- and middle-income countries, those from more disadvantaged social classes, and women aged 65 years and older. We found a strong association between EP and worse health status, as well as higher use of health services and medication. For example, compared with women without EP, those with EP reported poor mental health 1.9 (95% CI: 1.6-2.4) times more frequently. Compared with men without EP, those with EP reported poor mental health 2.1 (95% CI: 1.6-2.8) times more frequently. The combination of high EP prevalence and the strong association between EP and negative health outcomes resulted in high PAR%, indicating the striking impact of EP on health and health services at the population level. EP is an important public health problem in southern European urban contexts that should be included in policy priorities in order to address its structural causes and minimise its unfair and avoidable health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Oliveras
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lucia Artazcoz
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Carme Borrell
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Laia Palència
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Mercè Gotsens
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andrés Peralta
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Health Inequalities Research Group, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET). Department of Political and Social Sciences. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, 08005, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Johns Hopkins University - Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Centre, Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, 08005, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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Sacristán I, Esperón F, Pérez R, Acuña F, Aguilar E, García S, López MJ, Neves E, Cabello J, Hidalgo-Hermoso E, Terio KA, Millán J, Poulin E, Napolitano C. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 infection in the wild felid Leopardus guigna in Chile. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:3335-3348. [PMID: 33238057 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Landscape anthropization has been identified as one of the main drivers of pathogen emergence worldwide, facilitating pathogen spillover between domestic species and wildlife. The present study investigated Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 infection using molecular methods in 98 free-ranging wild guignas (Leopardus guigna) and 262 co-occurring owned, free-roaming rural domestic cats. We also assessed landscape anthropization variables as potential drivers of infection. Protoparvovirus DNA was detected in guignas across their entire distribution range, with observed prevalence of 13.3% (real-time PCR) and 9% (conventional PCR) in guignas, and 6.1% (conventional PCR) in cats. Prevalence in guigna did not vary depending on age, sex, study area or landscape variables. Prevalence was higher in juvenile cats (16.7%) than in adults (4.4%). Molecular characterization of the virus by amplification and sequencing of almost the entire vp2 gene (1,746 bp) from one guigna and five domestic cats was achieved, showing genetic similarities to canine parvovirus 2c (CPV-2c) (one guigna and one cat), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) (one cat), CPV-2 (no subtype identified) (two cats), CPV-2a (one cat). The CVP-2c-like sequence found in a guigna clustered together with domestic cat and dog CPV-2c sequences from South America, suggesting possible spillover from a domestic to a wild species as the origin of infection in guigna. No clinical signs of disease were found in PCR-positive animals except for a CPV-2c-infected guigna, which had haemorrhagic diarrhoea and died a few days after arrival at a wildlife rescue centre. Our findings reveal widespread presence of Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 across the guigna distribution in Chile and suggest that virus transmission potentially occurs from domestic to wild carnivores, causing severe disease and death in susceptible wild guignas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sacristán
- PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Esperón
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Sanidad Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de la República de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisca Acuña
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián García
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José López
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena Neves
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Sanidad Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Cabello
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | | | - Karen A Terio
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL, USA
| | - Javier Millán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elie Poulin
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Constanza Napolitano
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
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Estrella-González MJ, Suárez-Estrella F, Jurado MM, López MJ, López-González JA, Siles-Castellano AB, Muñoz-Mérida A, Moreno J. Uncovering new indicators to predict stability, maturity and biodiversity of compost on an industrial scale. Bioresour Technol 2020; 313:123557. [PMID: 32512428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the metagenomic study of the composting process has gained great importance since it has allowed the identification of the existence of microorganisms that, until now, had not been isolated during the process by traditional techniques. However, it is still complex to determine which bioindicators could reveal the degree of maturity and stability of a particular compost. Thereby, the main objective of this work was to demonstrate the possible correlation between traditional parameters of maturity and stability of compost, with other indicators of biodiversity in products highly heterogeneous from composting processes on an industrial scale. The results demonstrated the enormous influence of the raw materials in characterizing the products obtained. Even so, important relationships were established between the Chao1 and Shannon indexes, and certain parameters related to the maturity, stability and toxicity of the samples, such as nitrification index, humification rate, phenolic content, germination index or oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Estrella-González
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 04120, CIAIMBITAL, Almería, Spain
| | - F Suárez-Estrella
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 04120, CIAIMBITAL, Almería, Spain.
| | - M M Jurado
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 04120, CIAIMBITAL, Almería, Spain
| | - M J López
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 04120, CIAIMBITAL, Almería, Spain
| | - J A López-González
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 04120, CIAIMBITAL, Almería, Spain
| | - A B Siles-Castellano
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 04120, CIAIMBITAL, Almería, Spain
| | - A Muñoz-Mérida
- CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - J Moreno
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 04120, CIAIMBITAL, Almería, Spain
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Mora S, Martín-González E, Prados-Pardo Á, Moreno J, López MJ, Pilar-Cuellar F, Castro E, Díaz Á, Flores P, Moreno M. Increased vulnerability to impulsive behavior after streptococcal antigen exposure and antibiotic treatment in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:675-688. [PMID: 32798664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The inflammation induced by Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection has been viewed as a vulnerability factor in mental disorders characterized by inhibitory control deficits, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Antibiotic treatment reduces GAS symptoms; however, its effects on impulsivity have not been fully assessed. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether GAS exposure during early adolescence might be a vulnerability factor for adult impulsivity, if antibiotic treatment acts as a protective factor, and whether these differences are accompanied by changes in the inflammatory cytokine frontostriatal regions. METHODS Male Wistar rats were exposed to the GAS antigen or to vehicle plus adjuvants at postnatal day (PND) 35 (with two boosts), and they received either ampicillin (supplemented in the drinking water) or water alone from PND35 to PND70. Adult impulsivity was assessed using two different models, the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRT task) and the delay discounting task (DDT). The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-17 were measured in the prefrontal cortex (PFc), and the tumor necrosis factor α levels (TNFα) were measured in the PFc and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). RESULTS GAS exposure and ampicillin treatment increased the waiting impulsivity by a higher number of premature responses when the animals were challenged by a long intertrial interval during the 5-CSRT task. The GAS exposure revealed higher impulsive choices at the highest delay (40 s) when tested by DDT, while coadministration with ampicillin prevented the impulsive choice. GAS exposure and ampicillin reduced the IL-6 and IL-17 levels in the PFc, and ampicillin treatment increased the TNFα levels in the NAcc. A regression analysis revealed a significant contribution of GAS exposure and TNFα levels to the observed effects. CONCLUSIONS GAS exposure and ampicillin treatment induced an inhibitory control deficit in a different manner depending on the form of impulsivity measured here, with inflammatory long-term changes in the PFc and NAcc that might increase the vulnerability to impulsivity-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mora
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-González
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Ángeles Prados-Pardo
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Joaquín Moreno
- Department of Biology and Geology, CeiA3 and CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - María José López
- Department of Biology and Geology, CeiA3 and CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Fuencisla Pilar-Cuellar
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santander, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), University of Cantabria-CSIC-SODERCAN, 39011 Santander, Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Elena Castro
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santander, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), University of Cantabria-CSIC-SODERCAN, 39011 Santander, Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Álvaro Díaz
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santander, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), University of Cantabria-CSIC-SODERCAN, 39011 Santander, Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Pilar Flores
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Margarita Moreno
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Palma D, Continente X, López MJ, Vázquez N, Serral G, Ariza C. [Personality traits associated with the substance consumption in young people in a context of vulnerability]. Gac Sanit 2020; 35:542-550. [PMID: 32981753 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the patterns of alcohol and cannabis consumption, and their associated factors, in young people aged 16 and 21 in a context of vulnerability. METHOD Cross-sectional study based on a pre-test questionnaire from an evaluation study, administered to a convenience sample of 365 young people from Social Guarantee Programs (SGP), or who attended activities of community entities from disadvantaged neighborhoods in Barcelona. Dependent variables were experimental, regular, and problematic alcohol and cannabis consumption, while independent variables were impulsivity, sensation seeking, expectations, and beliefs regarding drug use, social skills, and contextual variables. Associations were established using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of intensive alcohol consumption (24.2% for binge drinking and 33.3% for binge drinking) and experimental (51.1%) and problematic cannabis use (12.9%) was higher in SGP students than entity youth. Likewise, they presented higher scores on the impulsivity scales, sensation seeking, expectations and beliefs favorable to alcohol consumption. In general, the prevalence of experimental alcohol consumption was higher in girls than in boys. Regular binge drinking was associated with intense sensations seeking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.06; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.01-1.12), while attending SGP was associated with problematic cannabis use (aOR: 2.73; 95%CI: 1.26-5.89). Positive expectations to alcohol and cannabis use were associated with problematic substance use. CONCLUSION Individual risk, linked to the higher risk trajectories of SGP students, is associated with a higher problematic consumption of alcohol and cannabis than in young people from community entities exposed to an environmental risk of high frequency of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Palma
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España
| | - Xavier Continente
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, España.
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, España; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España
| | - Noelia Vázquez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Departament de Mètodes d'Investigació i Diagnòstic en Educació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Gemma Serral
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, España
| | - Carles Ariza
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, España
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Pérez-Ríos M, Schiaffino A, Montes A, Fernández E, López MJ, Martínez-Sánchez JM, Sureda X, Martínez C, Fu M, García Continente X, Carretero Ares JL, Galán I. Mortalidad atribuible al consumo de tabaco en España 2016. Arch Bronconeumol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Acuña-Olea F, Sacristán I, Aguilar E, García S, López MJ, Oyarzún-Ruiz P, Brito JL, Fredes F, Napolitano C. Gastrointestinal and cardiorespiratory endoparasites in the wild felid guigna ( Leopardus guigna) in Chile: Richness increases with latitude and first records for the host species. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2020; 13:13-21. [PMID: 32793412 PMCID: PMC7415641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Guignas (Leopardus guigna) are small felids closely associated with native forest habitats. In fragmented landscapes, they use vegetation corridors and forest remnants to move across the landscape. In these contexts, guignas may increase contact probabilities with domestic animals, being therefore relevant to assess their pathogens and parasites. The aim of this study was to characterize the helminth fauna in the gastrointestinal tract and cardiorespiratory system of guignas from central and southern Chile. Between 2015 and 2018, 33 dead free-ranging guignas were found road-killed or were collected from wildlife rescue centers. Thirty-two gastrointestinal tracts and 32 cardiorespiratory organs were analyzed through direct analysis and artificial digestion. We found 81.8% (27/33) guignas were positive for helminth endoparasites (84.4% (27/32) positive for gastrointestinal parasites, 37.5% (12/32) positive for cardiorespiratory parasites). Fourteen parasites were identified (7 at genus level and 7 at species level), with Angiostrongylus sp., Molineus sp., Oslerus sp. and Troglostrongylus sp. as first records in guignas. The most prevalent parasites were the species Toxascaris leonina, Toxocara cati and Uncinaria stenocephala. Uncinaria stenocephala showed the highest intensity of infection. Multiparasitism was observed in 76% of the animals. Significant differences in richness of endoparasites and prevalence of cardiorespiratory parasites were found between geographic zones; higher values in the southern zone are possibly due to favorable environmental characteristics for endoparasite development. There were no statistically significant differences between sexes. All the parasites found in this study have been previously reported in domestic cats. These results are valuable to understand parasite transmission at the domestic-wildlife interface; the possibility of endoparasite transmission between domestic cats and guignas should be clarified with molecular analysis. The 81.8% of analyzed Leopardus guigna were positive for helminth parasites. First report of Angiostrongylus sp., Molineus sp., Oslerus sp. and Troglostrongylus sp. in guignas. Higher prevalence and diversity of cardiorespiratory parasites in guignas from southern Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Acuña-Olea
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Irene Sacristán
- Doctorado de Medicina de La Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián García
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José López
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Oyarzún-Ruiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - José Luis Brito
- Museo de Historia Natural e Histórico de San Antonio, San Antonio, Chile
| | - Fernando Fredes
- Unidad de Parasitología. Departamento Medicina Preventiva Animal. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile. La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Napolitano
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
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Keogan S, Alonso T, Sunday S, Tigova O, Fernández E, López MJ, Gallus S, Semple S, Tzortzi A, Boffi R, Gorini G, López-Nicolás Á, Radu-Loghin C, Soriano JB, Clancy L. Lung function changes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma exposed to secondhand smoke in outdoor areas. J Asthma 2020; 58:1169-1175. [PMID: 32441557 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1766062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Further evidence is needed on the effects that short- and long-term exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) have on the respiratory health of patients with lung disease. Within the TackSHS project we aimed to assess the acute respiratory effects in lung function that result from short-term SHS exposure among patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS The study design was an intervention trial with measurements before/after exposure to SHS in legal outdoor smoking areas. We studied patients with asthma or COPD from Czechia, Ireland, and Spain. Forced spirometry, peak flow and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements were performed pre- and 24 h post- exposure. RESULTS Overall, 60 patients were studied, 30 with asthma, and 30 with COPD; 35 (58.3%) were female. There were no significant differences observed in exhaled CO between pre- and 24 h post-exposure neither in women (p = 0.210), nor in men (p = 0.169).A statistically significant decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) was seen, overall, in asthma participants (p = 0.02) and in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), (p = 0.02), FVC (p = 0.04) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (p = 0.04) in female asthmatic participants. The observed decreases in respiratory measurements in COPD were not significant. There were no reported increases in symptoms, respiratory medication, or use of health services 24 h after the exposure. CONCLUSION We conclude that acute, short-term SHS exposure had a statistically significant effect on spirometry in female asthma patients but did not significantly modify spirometric indices 24 h later in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Keogan
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, Focas Research Institute, DIT, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tamara Alonso
- Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salome Sunday
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, Focas Research Institute, DIT, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olena Tigova
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Tobacco Control Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Tobacco Control Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Tobacco Control Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Tobacco Control Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB St. Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sean Semple
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Ana Tzortzi
- Institute of Public Health of the American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Roberto Boffi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gorini
- Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Joan B Soriano
- Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luke Clancy
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, Focas Research Institute, DIT, Dublin, Ireland
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Toribio AJ, Suárez-Estrella F, Jurado MM, López MJ, López-González JA, Moreno J. Prospection of cyanobacteria producing bioactive substances and their application as potential phytostimulating agents. Biotechnol Rep (Amst) 2020; 26:e00449. [PMID: 32368511 PMCID: PMC7184136 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
• Using cyanobacteria extracts at low doses reduces the toxicity risk in cucumber seeds. • Optimal doses of cytokinins and salicylic acid benefit the early plant growth stages. • Cyanobacterial siderophores favor plant growth during the seedling phase. • Strain Nostoc SAB-M612 stood out for their stimulant ability in cucumber seedlings.
This work clarifies some of the substances involved with the biostimulant effect shown by 28 cyanobacteria isolated from different aquatic environments. The production of salicylic acid, cytokinins, siderophores and phosphate solubilization were analyzed in vitro, as well as the phytostimulant/phytotoxic effect on watercress seeds at two different extract concentrations (0.5 and 0.2 mg mL−1). The most prominent plant growth promoting cyanobacteria were verified in vivo at two different doses (0.5 and 0.1 mg mL−1). 21.4 % and 7.1 % of the tested strains produced siderophores or phosphate solubilization, respectively. The production of salicylic acid was stood out for the strains Calothrix SAB-B797, Nostoc SAB-B1300 and Nostoc SAB-M612, while Nostoc SAB-M251 and Trichormus SAB-M304 were noticeable regard to cytokinin production. The highest values of germination occurred when the extracts were applied in low dose (0.5 mg mL−1). Nostoc SAB-M612 provoked the stimulation of aerial and radicular growth in cucumber seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Toribio
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - F Suárez-Estrella
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - M M Jurado
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - M J López
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - J A López-González
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - J Moreno
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, 04120, Almeria, Spain
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41
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Estrella-González MJ, López-González JA, Suárez-Estrella F, López MJ, Jurado MM, Siles-Castellano AB, Moreno J. Evaluating the influence of raw materials on the behavior of nitrogen fractions in composting processes on an industrial scale. Bioresour Technol 2020; 303:122945. [PMID: 32058904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Success of composting as an ecological technology for organic waste management has allowed its implementation in the current circular economy models. However, composting on an industrial scale often shows drawbacks and peculiarities. In this work, a comparative analysis of 15 industrial composting facilities was carried out in which different anthropogenic organic waste were processed. Results showed that composting process on an industrial scale did not always evolve in a standard way. Monitoring parameters as well as enzymatic activity depended largely on the raw materials and were strongly linked to the transformation of nitrogen fractions. Despite the heterogeneity of the processes and raw materials, microbial activity managed to the optimal biotransformation, obtaining products that comply with the agronomic quality standards. This work represents a breakthrough in composting and provides new knowledge for better management of this process on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Estrella-González
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - J A López-González
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - F Suárez-Estrella
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - M J López
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M M Jurado
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A B Siles-Castellano
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - J Moreno
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), 04120 Almería, Spain
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Sacristán I, Esperón F, Acuña F, Aguilar E, García S, López MJ, Cevidanes A, Neves E, Cabello J, Hidalgo-Hermoso E, Poulin E, Millán J, Napolitano C. Antibiotic resistance genes as landscape anthropization indicators: Using a wild felid as sentinel in Chile. Sci Total Environ 2020; 703:134900. [PMID: 31757538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global emerging public health issue whose presence and impact in wildlife are widely unknown. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are considered environmental contaminants, suitable to evaluate the degree of anthropic impact on wildlife and the environment. We used a wild felid, the guigna (Leopardus guigna), as a sentinel for the presence of ARGs in anthropized and pristine areas across their entire distribution range in Chile. We evaluated fecal samples from 51 wild guignas, collected between 2009 and 2018. Real-time PCR essays were employed to detect and quantify 22 selected ARGs in their fecal microbiome. All animals (100%) were positive for at least one ARG. The most prevalent ARG families were those that confer resistance to tetracycline (88.2%) and beta-lactamase (68.9%), with tet(Q) (60.8%), tet(W) (60.8%), and blaTEM (66.7%) as the most prevalent ARGs. Multi-resistance profiles were observed in 43% of the guignas. Statistically significant differences were found between anthropized and pristine areas for tet(Q) (p = 0.014), tet(W) (p = 0.0037), tetracycline family (p = 0.027), multi-resistance profile prevalence (p = 0.043) and tet(W) quantification (p = 0.004). Two animals from anthropized landscapes were positive for mecA, a gene associated with Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococci resistant to methicillin, while three animals from anthropized areas were positive for blaCTX-M, that encodes class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. Both genes have been identified in bacteria causing relevant nosocomial infections worldwide. This is the first study on ARGs in wild felids from Chile and the first detection of mecA in South American wild felids. We observed an association between the degree of landscape anthropization and ARG prevalence, confirming that ARGs are important indicators of wildlife exposure to human activity/presence, with a widespread distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sacristán
- PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fernando Esperón
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Sanidad Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Acuña
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián García
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José López
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aitor Cevidanes
- PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena Neves
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Sanidad Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Cabello
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, sede de la Patagonia, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro de Conservación de la Biodiversidad Chiloé Silvestre, Ancud, Chile
| | - Ezequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso
- Departamento de Conservación e Investigación, Parque Zoológico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin, Chile
| | - Elie Poulin
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Millán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Napolitano
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile.
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Estrella-González MJ, Jurado MM, Suárez-Estrella F, López MJ, López-González JA, Siles-Castellano A, Moreno J. Enzymatic profiles associated with the evolution of the lignocellulosic fraction during industrial-scale composting of anthropogenic waste: Comparative analysis. J Environ Manage 2019; 248:109312. [PMID: 31394475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the new European Waste Law, composting is proposed as one of the best options to properly manage organic waste of anthropogenic origin. Currently, the massive generation of this type of waste, as well as its heterogeneity, makes difficult in many cases control this process of degradation on an industrial scale. In this work, 15 facilities were selected based on 5 types of organic waste: Urban Solid Waste, Vegetable Waste, Sewage Sludges, Agrifood Waste and "Alpeorujo". The samples were collected in different thermal phases. The results revealed very different physicochemical and enzymatic profiles, as well as different degrees of humification depending on the process and the raw materials. However, parameters such as β-glucosidase, amylase, lignin/holocellulose ratio and humification rate showed similar trends in all cases. All of them could act as important indicators to evaluate the quality of a composting process, despite the heterogeneity of the starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Estrella-González
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, CeiA3, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - M M Jurado
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, CeiA3, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - F Suárez-Estrella
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, CeiA3, 04120, Almería, Spain.
| | - M J López
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, CeiA3, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - J A López-González
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, CeiA3, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - A Siles-Castellano
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, CeiA3, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - J Moreno
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, CeiA3, 04120, Almería, Spain
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Sacristán I, Sieg M, Acuña F, Aguilar E, García S, López MJ, Cevidanes A, Hidalgo-Hermoso E, Cabello J, Vahlenkamp TW, Millán J, Poulin E, Napolitano C. Molecular and serological survey of carnivore pathogens in free-roaming domestic cats of rural communities in southern Chile. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1740-1748. [PMID: 31611482 PMCID: PMC6943315 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Owned, free-roaming domestic cats are abundant in the Chilean countryside, having high
probability of contact with wildlife and potentially participating as reservoirs of
zoonotic pathogens. In the present study, 131 cats from two remote study areas (Valdivia
and Chiloe Island) in southern Chile were analyzed for infection/exposure to eight
pathogens. Serum samples from 112 cats were tested for antigens against feline leukemia
virus (FeLV antigen-ELISA) and antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus
(FIV-ELISA) and canine distemper virus (CDV-serum neutralization), yielded occurrence of
8.9, 1.7 and 0.8% respectively. The presence of DNA of five vector-borne pathogens,
piroplasmids, Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp.,
Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. was investigated
in thirty cats. Overall observed occurrence was 6.6% (2/30) for both
Anaplasma platys, and B. henselae, and 3.3% (1/30) for
both Bartonella sp. and Theileria equi. Observed
occurrence for all vector-borne pathogens in Valdivia area was significantly higher than
in Chiloe Island (5/15 vs 0/15; P=0.04). Our results represent the first
description of exposure to CDV and DNA detection of T. equi and
A. platys in domestic cats in Chile. The results highlight the
importance of performing pathogen screening in owned, free-roaming rural cats to evaluate
their potential role as reservoirs of infection and vectors for disease transmission to
wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sacristán
- PhD Programe in Conservation Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael Sieg
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Francisca Acuña
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio Aguilar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián García
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José López
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aitor Cevidanes
- PhD Programe in Conservation Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Javier Cabello
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad San Sebastián, Patagonia Campus, Lago Panguipulli 1390, Puerto Montt, Chile.,Center of Biodiversity Conservation Chiloé Silvestre, Ancud, 5710000, Chile
| | - Thomas W Vahlenkamp
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Javier Millán
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elie Poulin
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Napolitano
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Biological Sciences and Biodiversity, Universidad de Los Lagos, Av. Fuchslocher 1305, Osorno, Chile
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Fernández E, López MJ, Gallus S, Semple S, Clancy L, Behrakis P, Ruprecht A, Gorini G, López-Nicolás Á, Radu-Loghin C, Soriano JB. Tackling second-hand exposure to tobacco smoke and aerosols of electronic cigarettes: the TackSHS project protocol. Gac Sanit 2019; 34:77-82. [PMID: 31558386 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The TackSHS project aims to comprehensively elucidate the impact that exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) from cigarettes and second-hand aerosols (SHA) from electronic cigarettes have on the respiratory health of the European population according to socioeconomic characteristics and other determinants. METHOD The TackSHS project involves a series of coordinated studies carried out by 11 academic and public health organisations from six European countries. The project will investigate: a) the determinants of SHS and SHA exposure assessed at the individual level (surveys on representative general population samples) and in common environments (environmental sampling in specific settings); b) the overall disease burden, mortality and morbidity attributable to such exposure; and c) its economic impact in terms of direct health care costs. The project will also examine specific acute respiratory health changes in healthy individuals and patients with respiratory diseases exposed to SHS and SHA. In addition, the project will examine the effectiveness of a novel intervention to reduce SHS exposure in households where smoking is permitted. All these studies are inter-related and involve collaborative coordination among the participant organisations. CONCLUSION The comprehensive, integrated approach of the TackSHS project will enable a significant step forward from the current status quo in the understanding of the impact of SHS and SHA exposure on health and provide the basis for health policy recommendations to help European countries to further reduce the harm caused by SHS and SHA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteve Fernández
- Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB St. Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sean Semple
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Luke Clancy
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ario Ruprecht
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gorini
- Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Joan B Soriano
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Jacques-Aviñó C, Dvorzak JL, Marí-Dell'Olmo M, Arjona DR, Peralta A, Carrere J, Benach J, Ramos C, Plana M, López MJ. Qualitative evaluation of an intervention to reduce energy poverty. Rev Saude Publica 2019; 53:62. [PMID: 31483004 PMCID: PMC6707618 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the “ Energía, la justa ” program, aimed at reducing energy poverty in the city of Barcelona, from the point of view of the target population and the workers involved in the intervention. METHODS A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory pilot study was carried out, with a phenomenological approach. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted: to three users, three energy agents who performed interventions in the homes, and six professionals who participated in the program coordination. A thematic content analysis was carried out using Atlas-ti software . Interviews were conducted between October 2016 and March 2017. RESULTS Trust in a contact person (e.g. social workers) facilitated the participation, although there were difficulties reaching people who had illegal energy supplies, immigrant women or immigrants who subrent properties. Regarding implementation, home visits, energy efficiency advice and the relationship with energy agents were the best assessed aspects. However, not being able to carry out reforms in deteriorated dwellings was considered a limitation. The program also contributed to raise awareness on energy rights, to save on utility bills and to generate tranquility and social support. CONCLUSIONS Programs such as this one can promote energy empowerment and improve psychosocial status. However, strategies with a gender and equity perspective should be considered to reach other vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Jacques-Aviñó
- Servei d'Avaluació i Mètodes d'Intervenció. Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona, España
| | - José Luis Dvorzak
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge.,Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona, España
| | - Marc Marí-Dell'Olmo
- Servei de Qualitat i Intervenció Ambiental (SEQUIA). Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona, España.,CIBER de Epidemiolgía y Salud Pública, (CIBERESP). Barcelona, España
| | | | - Andrés Peralta
- Servei de Qualitat i Intervenció Ambiental (SEQUIA). Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona, España
| | - Juli Carrere
- Servei de Sistemes d'Informació Sanitària. Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona, España
| | - Joan Benach
- Universidad Pompeu Fabra. GREDS-EMCONET Grupo de Investigación en Desigualdades en Salud - Employment Conditions Network. Departamento de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales. Barcelona, España
| | | | - Mònica Plana
- Asociación Bienestar y Desarrollo. Barcelona, España
| | - María José López
- Servei d'Avaluació i Mètodes d'Intervenció. Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona, España.,CIBER de Epidemiolgía y Salud Pública, (CIBERESP). Barcelona, España
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47
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Cabrera-León A, Daponte-Codina A, Mateo I, Arroyo-Borrell E, Bartoll X, Bravo MJ, Domínguez-Berjón MF, Renart G, Álvarez-Dardet C, Marí-Dell'Olmo M, Bolívar-Muñoz J, Saez M, Escribà-Agüir V, Palència L, López MJ, Saurina C, Puig V, Martín U, Gotsens M, Borrell C, Serra-Saurina L, Sordo L, Bacigalupe A, Rodríguez-Sanz M, Pérez G, Espelt A, Ruiz M, Bernal M. [Corrigendum to: Contextual indicators to assess social determinants of health and the Spanish economic recession]. Gac Sanit 2019; 33:497. [PMID: 31122670 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Cabrera-León
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, España; Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
| | - Antonio Daponte-Codina
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Observatorio de Salud y Medio Ambiente de Andalucía (OSMAN), Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, España.
| | - Inmaculada Mateo
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, España
| | - Elena Arroyo-Borrell
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Grupo de Investigación en Estadística, Econometría y Salud (GRECS), Universidad de Girona, Girona, España
| | - Xavier Bartoll
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, España
| | - María José Bravo
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | | | - Gemma Renart
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Grupo de Investigación en Estadística, Econometría y Salud (GRECS), Universidad de Girona, Girona, España
| | - Carlos Álvarez-Dardet
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España
| | - Marc Marí-Dell'Olmo
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, España; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, España
| | - Julia Bolívar-Muñoz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, España
| | - Marc Saez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Grupo de Investigación en Estadística, Econometría y Salud (GRECS), Universidad de Girona, Girona, España
| | - Vicenta Escribà-Agüir
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Àrea de Desigualtats Socials i Salut, Fundació par al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) - Salut Pública, València, España
| | - Laia Palència
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, España
| | - María José López
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, España
| | - Carme Saurina
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Grupo de Investigación en Estadística, Econometría y Salud (GRECS), Universidad de Girona, Girona, España
| | - Vanessa Puig
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, España
| | - Unai Martín
- Departamento de Sociología 2, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Leoia, Bizkaia, España
| | - Mercè Gotsens
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, España
| | - Carme Borrell
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, España
| | - Laura Serra-Saurina
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Grupo de Investigación en Estadística, Econometría y Salud (GRECS), Universidad de Girona, Girona, España; Centro de Investigación en Salud Laboral, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España; Institut Municipal d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, España
| | - Luis Sordo
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, España; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - Amaia Bacigalupe
- Departamento de Sociología 2, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Leoia, Bizkaia, España
| | - Maica Rodríguez-Sanz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, España
| | - Glòria Pérez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, España
| | - Albert Espelt
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, España
| | - Miguel Ruiz
- Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, España
| | - Mariola Bernal
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España
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Arechavala T, Continente X, Pérez-Ríos M, Schiaffino A, Fernández E, López MJ. Sociodemographic factors associated with secondhand smoke exposure and smoking rules in homes with children. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:843-849. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study aims to identify sociodemographic characteristics associated with secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and the adoption of smoking bans in homes with children in Spain
Methods
We performed, in 2016, a cross-sectional study to a representative sample of Spanish households with children under 12 years old. We administered a telephone survey to the parents asking about smoking patterns at home, children’s SHS exposure and sociodemographic characteristics. Poisson regression models with robust variance were built to assess sociodemographic characteristics associated with household SHS exposure and the adoption of smoking rules.
Results
In this study participated 2411 families, 25.8% of which reported exposure at home and 84.4% implemented smoking bans. SHS exposure was associated with having one (aPR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.43–3.04) or two Spanish parents (aPR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.24–2.36), lower educational attainment (primary: aPR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.45–2.10; secondary: aPR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.17–1.60 compared with university studies), a family structure different from two-parent family (aPR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.14–1.67) and parents between 31 and 40 years (aPR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.57–0.99) and 41–50 years (aPR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.47–0.81) compared with 18- to 30-year-old parents. The adoption of smoking bans was associated with two-parent family (aPR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01–1.17), living with non-smokers (aPR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.31–1.62), parents of foreign origin (aPR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04–1.14) and younger children (0–3 years: aPR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01–1.09) compared with the oldest children (8–11 years).
Conclusion
The parent’s origin and the family structure were associated with SHS exposure and the adoption of smoking bans at home. Moreover, the number of smokers living at home was relevant for the adoption of smoking bans, and the educational attainment for SHS exposure. These factors should be taken into consideration when designing or implementing smoke-free home programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Arechavala
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Servei d’Avaluació i Mètodes d’Intervenció, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona,Spain
| | - Xavier Continente
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Servei d’Avaluació i Mètodes d’Intervenció, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB St. Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez-Ríos
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology Unit, Galician Directorate for Public Health, Galician Health Authority, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anna Schiaffino
- Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Direcció General de Planificació en Salut, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Program, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Servei d’Avaluació i Mètodes d’Intervenció, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona,Spain
- Institut d’investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB St. Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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López MJ, Lapena C, Sánchez A, Continente X, Fernández A. Community intervention to reduce social isolation in older adults in disadvantaged urban areas: study protocol for a mixed methods multi-approach evaluation. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:44. [PMID: 30777022 PMCID: PMC6380012 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of older people has dramatically increased in recent decades. Moreover, social and demographic trends show a global increase of older people at risk of loneliness and lack of social relationships. The objective of this study was to evaluate the process, the effectiveness and the cost-effectiveness of a planned 22 weekly group sessions called School of Health for Older People to reduce social isolation. METHODS This is a mixed methods multi-approach evaluation that includes: 1) A qualitative evaluation among coordinators and participants taking part in the intervention, through in depth-interviews and focus groups, respectively. The main topics covered will be positive and negative aspects of the intervention, suggestions for its improvement, opinions on different aspects of the intervention, and perceived benefits; 2) A quantitative quasi-experimental design, comparing a group of individuals taking part in the intervention with another group with similar characteristics not receiving the intervention. Data will be collected at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Social support will be measured through questions drawn from the Medical Outcomes Study and the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project questionnaires. Psychological morbidity will be measured through Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire, and Health-related Quality of Life will be measured through the EuroQoL questionnaire. Information on visits to the primary care center in the years before and after the intervention will be obtained from the electronic records of the primary care centers; 3) A cost-utility analysis, which will be conducted from a health system (primary care) perspective, including direct costs of the program and the primary care health services used. The effects of the intervention will be measured on quality-adjusted life years. DISCUSSION There is an urgent need for studies assessing the effectiveness and the efficiency of potential interventions to reduce social isolation among older persons. The results of this study will help to fill the knowledge gap in this area and might be especially useful for the development of social and public health policies and programs for older people in disadvantaged neighborhoods in urban areas. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03142048 retrospectively registered (April 11, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- María José López
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Lesseps, 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Lapena
- Centre d’Atenció Primària Sanllehy, Gerència d’Àmbit d’Atenció Primària Barcelona Ciutat, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona Ciutat, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Alba Sánchez
- Preventive Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Continente
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Lesseps, 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Lesseps, 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
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Ariza C, Sánchez-Martínez F, Serral G, Valmayor S, Juárez O, Pasarín MI, Castell C, Rajmil L, López MJ. The Incidence of Obesity, Assessed as Adiposity, Is Reduced After 1 Year in Primary Schoolchildren by the POIBA Intervention. J Nutr 2019; 149:258-269. [PMID: 30753540 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is becoming a serious problem, and prevention programs are needed. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate, after 1 y, the effectiveness of a multicomponent, school-based obesity intervention program. METHODS This intervention, conducted in Barcelona, Spain, was a quasi-experimental obesity primary prevention intervention targeting schoolchildren aged 9-10 y. Participants were assigned to an intervention group (IG) (1464 students) or to a comparison group (CG) (1609 students). The intervention consisted of a 9-session classroom program, 6 weekly sessions of physical education and out-of-school physical activity, and a workshop for families. It lasted from October 2011 to May 2012. Data obtained at baseline (spring 2011) and follow-up (spring 2012) included information on nutrition and physical activity, through 2 self-reported questionnaires, and measurement of weight, height, triceps skinfold thickness, and waist circumference. The cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of obesity was calculated from triceps skinfold measures. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to determine the association between the intervention and the CIR of obesity. The effect size of the program was estimated with Cohen's criteria. RESULTS The overall prevalence of obesity at baseline was 12.7%. At the 12-mo follow-up, the incidence of obesity was 7.8% in the IG compared with 11.4% in the CG (P < 0.005), representing 31% fewer new cases of obesity in the IG. The Cohen's d effect size of the program was 0.33. In the multilevel analysis, there was a protective effect of the intervention on the CIR of obesity at 12 mo (OR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5, 0.9) (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS The first Prevención de la Obesidad Infantil en Barcelona (Childhood Obesity Prevention in Barcelona) (POIBA) intervention, targeting children aged 9-10 y, reduced the incidence of obesity as measured by adiposity. The intervention could prevent 1 in 3 new cases of childhood obesity in this age range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Ariza
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, (Public Health Agency, Barcelona), Spain.,Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Sánchez-Martínez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, (Public Health Agency, Barcelona), Spain.,Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Health and Experimental Science Department, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Serral
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, (Public Health Agency, Barcelona), Spain.,Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Valmayor
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, (Public Health Agency, Barcelona), Spain
| | - Olga Juárez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, (Public Health Agency, Barcelona), Spain
| | - María Isabel Pasarín
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, (Public Health Agency, Barcelona), Spain.,Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Health and Experimental Science Department, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxa Castell
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya (Public Health Agency of Catalonia), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Rajmil
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, (Public Health Agency, Barcelona), Spain.,Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Health and Experimental Science Department, Barcelona, Spain
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