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Hrčka M, Hřebečková T, Hanč A, Grasserová A, Cajthaml T. Changes in the content of emerging pollutants and potentially hazardous substances during vermi/composting of a mixture of sewage sludge and moulded pulp. Environ Pollut 2024; 348:123736. [PMID: 38458521 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Processing sewage sludge can be problematic due to its potential environmental toxicity. It may contain high concentrations of pharmaceuticals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals, as well as pathogenic microorganisms. However, it is a good source of organic matter and rich in microbial communities and enzymatic activity. This study deals with composting and vermicomposting of pre-composted mixtures of two different kinds of sewage sludge blended with moulded pulp in an operating composting plant. Of the total number and concentration of pollutants detected in individual piles, a large percentage of them were reduced by the composting process. The composting 2 process resulted in the greatest reduction in contaminating substances--a total of 19 substances by 4.39-90.4%. Some pharmaceuticals accumulated in earthworm bodies during vermicomposting; a total of 11 substances were detected. Atorvastatin showed the highest percentage reduction in compost 2 (90.4%), vermicompost 1 (65.2%) and vermicompost 2 (97.3%). Both composting and vermicomposting appeared to be effective for removal of heavy metals. A higher content of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) was found in composts than vermicomposts. There was a significant reduction in the content of pathogenic microorganisms in both processes, but the reduction in enterococci was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hrčka
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague, 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - T Hřebečková
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague, 165 21, Czech Republic.
| | - A Hanč
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague, 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - A Grasserová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - T Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
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Lei X, Cui G, Sun H, Hou S, Deng H, Li B, Yang Z, Xu Q, Huo X, Cai J. How do earthworms affect the pathway of sludge bio-stabilization via vermicomposting? Sci Total Environ 2024; 916:170411. [PMID: 38280597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The synergy effects between earthworms and microorganisms promote nitrogen mineralization and enhance stabilization of organic matters in a vermicomposting system. However, the stabilization pathways of vermicomposting in the system remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of earthworms on the stabilization pathway and associated microbial population of waste activated sludge recycled by vermicomposting. The treatment of sludge with and without earthworms was conducted at 20 °C for 60 days. The trends in organic matter (OM), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), NH4+-N, electrical conductivity (EC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) were similar in both systems over time. At the end of the treatment, OM and DOC were significantly lower (p < 0.05), and EC, NH4+-N, and NO3--N were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the vermicomposting group than in the control. Based on the statistical results of principal component analysis (PCA), it was proposed that the stabilization pathway in both treatment systems required a sequence of reactions characterized by the degradation of organic matter, accumulation of dissolved organic carbon, ammonification, and nitrification. Vermicomposting led to greater abundance and diversity (Shannon index) of 16S rDNA microbial species, but more even distribution in microbial community composition (Simpson index) than the control. However, the opposite performance for 18S rDNA microbes was observed. Vermicomposting enhanced the abundance of microorganisms involved in organic matter degradation and nitrification, facilitating the conversion of organic matter and favoring the nitrification. In short, the pathway of sludge bio-stabilization is not altered regardless of the addition of earthworms or not, which enables us to better understand vermicomposting process of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Lei
- Department of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Hebei, Xingtai 054000, China
| | - Guangyu Cui
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Hongxin Sun
- Department of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Hebei, Xingtai 054000, China
| | - Suxia Hou
- Department of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Hebei, Xingtai 054000, China
| | - Hongying Deng
- Department of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Hebei, Xingtai 054000, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Hebei, Xingtai 054000, China
| | - Zhengzheng Yang
- Department of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Hebei, Xingtai 054000, China
| | - Qiushi Xu
- Department of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Hebei, Xingtai 054000, China
| | - Xueyu Huo
- Department of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Hebei, Xingtai 054000, China
| | - Jiaxuan Cai
- Department of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Hebei, Xingtai 054000, China
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Huda N, Rana MR, Huq MA, Al-Mamun A, Rahman ST, Alam MK, Rahman MM. Understanding vermicompost and organic manure interactions: impact on toxic elements, nitrification activity, comammox Nitrospira inopinata, and archaea/bacteria. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:355. [PMID: 38466496 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Vermicompost is a substantial source of nutrients, promotes soil fertility, and maintains or increases soil organic matter levels. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in vermicompost impact on nitrification activity. However, it is yet unknown how vermicompost affects nitrifying bacteria and archaea, comammox Nitrospira inopinata (complete ammonia oxidizers), net nitrification rates (NNRs), and PTEs. The effects of vermicompost application on NNRs, potential nitrification rates (NPs), PTEs, and the abundances of comammox N. inopinata bacteria, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)/archaea (AOA) were studied. NNRs and NPs were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in fresh cow-dung vermicompost (stored for 40 days) as compared with other organic manure. The level of PTEs (Cu2+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in vermicompost as compared with compost of waste material with Trichoderma and cow dung. Comammox N. inopinata, NOB, AOB, and AOA were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in stored cow-dung vermicompost (more than 1 year) as compared with other organic manure. The results of the scatterplot matrix analysis suggested that Fe2+, total nitrogen (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC), and total carbon (TC) were linearly correlated (p < 0.001) with NNRs and NPs in vermicompost and organic manure. Similarly, comammox N. inopinata bacteria, NOB, AOB, and AOA were linearly correlated (p < 0.001) with NNR and NP. These results indicated that vermicompost promoted nitrification activity by increasing microbial diversity and abundance, supplying nutrients and organic matter for microbial growth, and facilitating complex microbial interactions. It may be concluded that the influence of vermicompost, which played a great role in PTE concentration reduction, increased chemical, and biological properties, increased the growth rate of nitrifying bacteria/archaea and the nitrogen cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Huda
- Agricultral and Environmental Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rasel Rana
- Agricultral and Environmental Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Amdadul Huq
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdullah Al-Mamun
- Agricultral and Environmental Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Shabiha Tasbir Rahman
- Agricultral and Environmental Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khasrul Alam
- Agricultral and Environmental Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - M Mizanur Rahman
- Agricultral and Environmental Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh.
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Charan K, Bhattacharyya P, Bhattacharya SS. Vermitechnology transforms hazardous red mud into benign organic input for agriculture: Insights on earthworm-microbe interaction, metal removal, and soil-crop improvement. J Environ Manage 2024; 354:120320. [PMID: 38377754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Bioremediation of hazardous bauxite residues, red mud (RM), through vermicomposting has yet to be attempted. Therefore, the valorization potential of Eisenia fetida in various RM and cow dung (CD) mixtures was compared to aerobic composting. Earthworm fecundity and biomass growth were hindered in RM + CD (1:1) feedstock but enhanced in RM + CD (1:3). The pH of highly alkaline RM-feedstocks sharply reduced (>17%) due to vermicomposting. N, P, and K availability increased dramatically with Ca and Na reduction under vermicomposting. Additionally, ∼40-60% bioavailable metal fractions were transformed to obstinate (organic matter and residual bound) forms upon vermicomposting. Consequently, the total metal concentrations were significantly reduced with considerably high earthworm bioaccumulation. Microbial growth and enzyme activity were more significant under vermicomposting than composting. Correlation statistics revealed that microbial augmentation significantly facilitated a metal reduction in RM-vermibeds. Eventually, RM-vermicompost stimulated sesame growth and improved soil health with the least heavy metal contamination to soil and crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Charan
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, 815301, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pradip Bhattacharyya
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, 815301, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Satya Sundar Bhattacharya
- Soil and Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784 028, India.
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Tiwari R, Upadhyay V, Bhat SA, Kumar S. Sewage treatment plant dust: An emerging concern for heavy metals-induced health risks in urban area. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169231. [PMID: 38072263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Metal-related pollution from dust is a significant source of toxic elements in urban areas. The present study aimed to assess the health risk posed by heavy metals present in dust samples to the people residing near the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Dust samples were collected from an STP with a capacity of 130 mega litres per day (MLD). Data analysis indicated highly contaminated STP dust with Enrichment Factor (EF) suggesting an anthropogenic origin of selected metals (As, Co, Al, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ba, Pb, Ni, Mn). The contamination factor values of metals highlighted a greater degree of contamination in the selected area. Notably, a strong correlation (>0.5) was observed between metals. The EF value was found to be >40 indicating high enrichment for all the metals except Fe. In-depth chemical analysis and health risk assessments were conducted, revealing an Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) value of 1 × 10-6 and HQ (Hazard Quotient) value of 1. These values are significantly exceeding the safe limits for both children and adults which could develop cancerous properties in human beings. In an effort to reduce toxicity, dust samples were also subjected to vermicomposting treatment to assess the potential effectiveness of the earthworms. The EF value of vermicomposted dust came out to be lower than the untreated one. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for adults exhibited the following pattern of HQing > HQder > HQinh (indicating that the Hazard Quotient from ingestion is greater than that from dermal contact, which is in turn greater than inhalation). This investigation offers crucial insights into the increased risks of cancerous and non-cancerous ailments for individuals living or working in proximity to STPs. This research also highlights the pressing need to implement effective measures for safeguarding public health and mitigating environmental pollution in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tiwari
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vidisha Upadhyay
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India.
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Thamizharasan A, Rajaguru VRR, Gajalakshmi S, Lim JW, Greff B, Rajagopal R, Chang SW, Ravindran B, Awasthi MK. Investigation on the physico-chemical properties of soil and mineralization of three selected tropical tree leaf litter. Environ Res 2024; 243:117752. [PMID: 38008202 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaf litter has a major role in the structure and function of soil ecosystems as it is associated with nutrient release and cycling. The present study is aimed to understand how well the decomposing leaf litter kept soil organic carbon and nitrogen levels stable during an incubation experiment that was carried out in a lab setting under controlled conditions and the results were compared to those from a natural plantation. In natural site soil samples, Anacardium. occidentale showed a higher value of organic carbon at surface (1.14%) and subsurface (0.93%) and Azadirachta. indica exhibited a higher value of total nitrogen at surface (0.28%) and subsurface sample (0.14%). In the incubation experiment, Acacia auriculiformis had the highest organic carbon content initially (5.26%), whereas A. occidentale had the highest nitrogen level on 30th day (0.67%). The overall carbon-nitrogen ratio showed a varied tendency, which may be due to dynamic changes in the complex decomposition cycle. The higher rate of mass loss and decay was observed in A. indica leaf litter, the range of the decay constant is 1.26-2.22. The morphological and chemical changes of soil sample and the vermicast were substantained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thamizharasan
- Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - V R R Rajaguru
- Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - S Gajalakshmi
- Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India.
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Babett Greff
- Department of Food Science, Albert Kázmér Faculty of Mosomagyaróvár, Széchenyi István University, Lucsony street 15-17, 9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Rajinikanth Rajagopal
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC, J1M 1Z3, Canada
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
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Grasserová A, Pacheco NIN, Semerád J, Filipová A, Innemanová P, Hanč A, Procházková P, Cajthaml T. New insights into vermiremediation of sewage sludge: The effect of earthworms on micropollutants and vice versa. Waste Manag 2024; 174:496-508. [PMID: 38128368 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting represents an environmentally friendly method for the treatment of various types of biowastes, including sewage sludge (SS), as documented in numerous studies. However, there are few papers providing insights into the mechanisms and toxicity effects involved in SS vermicomposting to present a comprehensive overview of the process. In this work, the vermiremediation of SS containing various micropollutants, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors, and per/polyfluoroalkyl substances, was studied. Two SSs originating from different wastewater treatment plants (WWTP1 and WWTP2) were mixed with a bulking agent, moistened straw, at ratios of 0, 25, 50, and 75% SS. Eisenia andrei earthworms were introduced into the mixtures, and after six weeks, the resulting materials were subjected to various types of chemical and toxicological analyses, including conventional assays (mortality, weight) as well as tissue- and cell-level assays, such as malondialdehyde production, cytotoxicity tests and gene expression assays. Through the vermiremediation process significant removal of diclofenac (90%), metoprolol (88%), telmisartan (62%), and triclosan (81%) was achieved. Although the concentrations of micropollutants were substantially different in the original SS samples, the micropollutants vermiaccumulated to a similar extent over the incubation period. The earthworms substantially eliminated the present bacterial populations, especially in the 75% SS treatments, in which the average declines were 90 and 79% for WWTP1 and WWTP2, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the vermiremediation of such a large group of micropollutants in real SS samples and provide a thorough evaluation of the effect of SS on earthworms at tissue and cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Grasserová
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, Prague 2, 12801, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Natividad I N Pacheco
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 14220, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, Prague 2, 12108, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jaroslav Semerád
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Filipová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Innemanová
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, Prague 2, 12801, Czech Republic; DEKONTA a.s, Dřetovice 109, Stehelčeves, 27342, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hanč
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Procházková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, Prague 2, 12801, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 14220, Czech Republic.
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Dobre Batista LG, Lorenzo Montero L, Shinzato MC. Millipedes and earthworms: a comparison of their efficiency and the quality of the resulting products. Environ Technol 2024; 45:569-580. [PMID: 35980358 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2114861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTMillicomposting (MIL, with millipedes), vermicomposting (VER, with earthworms) and composting without invertebrates (CNT, control) were compared for the first time in a replicated controlled experiment to evaluate their efficiency and the quality of their products. Vegetal waste was degraded in small closed digesters to emulate household-scale composting. Temperature profiles were similar in the three composting types. Ninety-two days were enough to complete composting and obtain well-stabilized products (humus with C/N< 20; pH from 7 to 7.8). The mean final volume loss was about 8% higher in VER than MIL and CNT (P < 0.01) and it stabilized between the 32nd and 67th days (51.4% in VER, 43% MIL and 44% in CNT). Both invertebrates promoted gains in humus Ca content (about 34.5% higher compared to CNT), whereas the highest K and Mg contents were observed in VER humus. pH, P2O5, and S contents were also higher in VER humus than in CNT (all P < 0.05). The leachate volumes, electrical conductivity and Na+ and PO43- contents were similar (P > 0.05), while pH and contents of K+ and NH4+ were higher and NO3- was lower in VER than in MIL (all P < 0.01). This resulted in higher maturity degrees in MIL than VER (NH4+/NO3- = 0.01 and 0.93, respectively). Although all three composting types were efficient in producing mature high-quality organic fertilizers, this study showed that the addition of invertebrates improved the composting efficiency and the quality of the final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Gonzaga Dobre Batista
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (ICAQF/UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Leda Lorenzo Montero
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (ICAQF/UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Mirian Chieko Shinzato
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (ICAQF/UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
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Arfelli F, Cespi D, Ciacci L, Passarini F. Application of life cycle assessment to high quality-soil conditioner production from biowaste. Waste Manag 2023; 172:216-225. [PMID: 37924597 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent large-scale urbanization and industrialization resulted in an impressive growth of solid waste generation worldwide. Organic fraction generally constitutes a large fraction of municipal solid waste and its peculiar chemical properties open to various valorization strategies. On this purpose, life cycle assessment is applied to an innovative industrial system that processes 18 kt/y of agricultural and livestock waste into a high-quality soil conditioner. The high-quality soil conditioner production system consists of a series of processes, including anaerobic digestion and vermicomposting, allowing the generation of a peat-like material with high carbon content, porosity, and water-holding capacity. The presence of a photovoltaic plant and a cogeneration plant, fed with the biogas produced in the anaerobic digestion, makes the system entirely self-sufficient from the national grid and generating a surplus of electricity of 1177MWh/y. The high-quality soil conditioner showed better environmental performances in 15 out of 18 impact categories when compared to alternative scenarios. In particular, the high-quality soil conditioner and the related biowaste management resulted in a carbon saving of around 397 kg CO2 eq/ton compared with a scenario involving the employment of peat in place of the high-quality soil conditioner and a traditional biowaste management, and 165 kg CO2 eq/ton compared with a scenario where cogeneration is replaced by biomethane upgrading. This study demonstrates the possibility of using organic waste as an environmentally sustainable and renewable source for energy and carbon to soil conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Arfelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Cespi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Research "Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy", University of Bologna, via Angherà 22, 47922 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Luca Ciacci
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Research "Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy", University of Bologna, via Angherà 22, 47922 Rimini, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Passarini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Research "Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy", University of Bologna, via Angherà 22, 47922 Rimini, Italy
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10
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Dume B, Hanc A, Svehla P, Michal P, Chane AD, Nigussie A. Composting and vermicomposting of sewage sludge at various C/N ratios: Technological feasibility and end-product quality. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 263:115255. [PMID: 37478570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Even though sewage sludge (SS) contains a high level of pollutants, it is rich in essential plant nutrients and has the potential to enhance soil fertility. However, the SS must be further treated through pre-composting plus vermicomposting to make it safe for use on food crops. More research and data are needed to determine how different carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (C/N) affect the feasibility and quality of composting vs vermicomposting of SS. Therefore, in this study we comprehensively evaluated the feasibility and end-product quality of compost and vermicompost produced from SS under different C/N ratios. SS was mixed with pelletized wheat straw (PWS) at various proportions to produce C/N ratios of 6:1, 18:1, 28:1, and 38:1, then pre-composted for 14 days followed by vermicomposting using the earthworm Eisenia andrei for 120 days. Agrochemical properties were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. Results revealed significantly higher levels of agrochemicals in vermicompost compared to compost, including total potassium (37-88%) and magnesium (4.3-12%), nitrate nitrogen (71-98%), available potassium (53-88%), available phosphorus (79%), available magnesium (54-453%), available boron (48-303%), and available copper (2.5-82%). However, lower levels of ammonium nitrogen by (59-85%), available iron (2.3-51.3%), available manganese (29.7-52.2%), available zinc (10.5-29.8%), total carbon (0.75-4.5%), and total nitrogen (1.6-22.2%) were measured. Comparison of the various C/N ratios, showed that vermicompost with an 18:1 C/N ratio outperformed compost and demonstrated the highest earthworm population (165 pieces/kg). Thus, vermicomposting SS at an 18:1 C/N ratio is strongly recommended as a sustainable technology for producing high-quality vermicompost from SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayu Dume
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamycka 129, Prague 16500, Czech Republic.
| | - Ales Hanc
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamycka 129, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svehla
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamycka 129, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Michal
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamycka 129, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Abraham Demelash Chane
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamycka 129, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Abebe Nigussie
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture, 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
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11
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Keniya B, Patel H, Patel K, Bhatt S, Patel T. Vermistabilization of mango tree pruning waste with five earthworm species: A biochemical and heavy metal assessment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19908. [PMID: 37810132 PMCID: PMC10559316 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mango tree pruning results in high biomass output, which is a serious agricultural and environmental problem. Vermicomposting is a potential, fast and sustainable tool to address these challenges. For sixty days, the experiment was carried out in six vermireactors containing five earthworm species by Eudrilus eugeniae, Eisenia fetida, Aporrectodea rosea, Lumbricus rubellus, and Lampito mauritii, as well as composting (without earthworm) using mango tree pruning waste biomass along with cattle dung as an instant preferred feeding material for earthworms. The pH, TOC, C/N and C/P ratios of the waste were substantially reduced by the earthworm activity. However, after vermicomposting, the levels of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) and microbial count substantially increased. The TOC content of waste was reduced by 42-55%, and the C/N of vermicompost ranged from 5.58 to 11.38. The results showed that earthworm fecundity was highest in vermireactors containing Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida. The current study was ultimately determine that vermicomposting using Eudrilus eugeniae or Eisenia fetida is an effective strategy for utilising mango tree pruning waste, ensuring environmental sustainability and improving farmer revenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavik Keniya
- N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, 396450, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Patel
- ASPEE College of Horticulture , Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, 396450, Gujarat, India
| | - Ketan Patel
- ASPEE College of Horticulture , Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, 396450, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivam Bhatt
- ASPEE College of Horticulture , Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, 396450, Gujarat, India
| | - Tushar Patel
- College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Bharuch, 393010, Gujarat, India
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12
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Bhuvanendran RK, Bhuvaneshwari S. Hybrid electrocoagulation reactor for dairy wastewater treatment and methodology for sludge reusability for the development of vermicompost. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:90960-90979. [PMID: 37468784 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The dairy industry is a high-water-consuming sector, making water conservation crucial, especially in countries like India that are top milk producers and have large populations. This research evaluates the performance and effluent characterization of dairy effluent treatment systems in Kerala using modern, cost-effective technology to address this issue. A hybrid electrocoagulation reactor (HECR) is designed to operate simultaneously in coagulation, and the electrocoagulation process is proposed in this study. The wastewater treatment parameters of the HECR with those of six existing dairy effluent treatment plants using geological mapping and geographic information system (GIS) were studied. According to inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation findings, HECR's effluent treatment profile is comparable to existing technologies, with a minimum required retention time of 9.58 h. The results show the HECR treatment efficiency, removing up to 75.15% of turbidity and 94.5% of COD. Moreover, the sludge generated from HECR is transformed into nutrient-rich vermicompost by adding suitable fillers in the ratio of 5:1:3:1 (industrial dairy sludge/HECR sludge: cow dung, dry leaf, and seed vermicompost). The optimal conversion times for vermicompost developed from dairy industrial sludge are 40 days, with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) values per gram vermicompost of 8.86%, 3.18%, and 3.6%, respectively. For HECR sludge, on the 60th day, the observed NPK value for the developed vermicompost is at 4.76%, 1.46%, and 5.1%. Overall, this research offers a promising solution to treat dairy wastewater and transform generated waste sludge into a valuable resource, highlighting the importance of technology adaptation in the dairy industry.
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13
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Xu M, Sun H, Chen E, Yang M, Wu C, Sun X, Wang Q. From waste to wealth: Innovations in organic solid waste composting. Environ Res 2023; 229:115977. [PMID: 37100364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Organic solid waste (OSW) is not only a major source of environmental contamination, but also a vast store of useful materials due to its high concentration of biodegradable components that can be recycled. Composting has been proposed as an effective strategy for recycling OSW back into the soil in light of the necessity of a sustainable and circular economy. In addition, unconventional composting methods such as membrane-covered aerobic composting and vermicomposting have been reported more effective than traditional composting in improving soil biodiversity and promoting plant growth. This review investigates the current advancements and potential trends of using widely available OSW to produce fertilizers. At the same time, this review highlights the crucial role of additives such as microbial agents and biochar in the control of harmful substances in composting. Composting of OSW should include a complete strategy and a methodical way of thinking that can allow product development and decision optimization through interdisciplinary integration and data-driven methodologies. Future research will likely concentrate on the potential in controlling emerging pollutants, evolution of microbial communities, biochemical composition conversion, and the micro properties of different gases and membranes. Additionally, screening of functional bacteria with stable performance and exploration of advanced analytical methods for compost products are important for understanding the intrinsic mechanisms of pollutant degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Xu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haishu Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Enmiao Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
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14
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Chen Y, Li J, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Xu L. The temporal profile of GH 1 gene abundance and the shift in GH 1 cellulase-producing microbial communities during vermicomposting of corn stover and cow dung. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28341-y. [PMID: 37354300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is a promising method for corn stover management to achieve bioresource recovery and environmental protection. Most β-glucosidases, which limit the cellulose degradation rate during vermicomposting of corn stover, belong to glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1). This study was conducted with different earthworm densities to quantify the GH1 gene abundance and investigate the evolution of GH1 cellulase-producing microbial communities using qPCR and pyrosequencing. The results showed that β-glucosidase activity, GH1 gene abundance, TOC, and microbial communities carrying the GH1 gene were affected by processing time and earthworm density. After introducing earthworms, β-glucosidase activity increased to 1.90-2.13 U/g from 0.54 U/g. The GH1 gene abundance of treatments with earthworms (5.82E+09-6.70E+09 copies/g) was significantly higher than that of treatments without earthworms (2.48E+09 copies/g) on Day 45. Earthworms increased the richness of microbial communities. The relative abundances of Sphingobium and Dyadobacter, which are dominant genera harboring the GH1 gene, were increased by earthworms to peak values of 23.90% and 11.20%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that Sphingobium, Dyadobacter, Trichoderma, and Starkeya were positively associated with β-glucosidases. This work sheds new light on the mechanism of cellulose degradation during vermicomposting at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jiaolin Li
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Costal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS, 39567, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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15
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Cui G, Lü F, Lu T, Zhang H, He P. Feasibility of housefly larvae-mediated vermicomposting for recycling food waste added digestate as additive. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 128:150-160. [PMID: 36801031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of methods for the efficient treatment and application of food waste digestate is an important research goal. Vermicomposting via housefly larvae is an efficient way to reduce food waste and achieve its valorization, however, studies on the application and performance of digestate in vermicomposting are rarely. The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of the co-treatment of food waste and digestate as an additive via larvae. Restaurant food waste (RFW) and household food waste (HFW) were selected to assess the effects of waste type on vermicomposting performance and larval quality. Waste reduction rates of 50.9%-57.8% were observed in the vermicomposting of food waste mixed with digestate at a ratio of 25%, which were slightly lower than those for treatments without the addition of digestate (62.8%-65.9%). The addition of digestate increased the germination index, with a maximum value of 82% in the RFW treatments with 25% digestate, and decreased the respiration activity, with a minimum value of 30 mg-O2/g-TS. The larval productivity of 13.9% in the RFW treatment system with a digestate rate of 25% was lower that without digestate (19.5%). Materials balance shows that larval biomass and metabolic equivalent had decreasing trends as the amount of digestate increased and HFW vermicomposting exhibited lower bioconversion efficiency than that of RFW treatment system regardless of the addition of digestate. These results suggest that mixing digestate at a low ratio (25%) during vermicomposting of food waste especially RFW could lead to considerable larval biomass and generate relatively stable residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Cui
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, China.
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16
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Zhou Y, Russel M, Guo W, Zheng Z, Hu C, Li C, Li H. A green approach to copper biodetoxification and sustainable agriculture application by vermicomposting in pig manure. Sci Total Environ 2023; 873:162329. [PMID: 36805068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A green approach of copper (Cu) contaminated pig manure composting by earthworm Eisenia fetida was optimized. This work aims to assess the relationship between the bio-fertility properties and bioaccumulation of Cu during vermicomposting with five different doses of Cu. The optimal concentration of copper largely promoted the enrichment of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but the biological activities of earthworms could be inhibited once the Cu concentration exceed the threshold. When the Cu doses at 300 mg kg-1, the nutrient recovery rate (Irecovery) of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reached their highest value, concomitant with largest C/N ratio reduced at 46.01 %. Moreover, nutrients recovery mechanism of total phosphorus increased up to 0.11 % h-1 and higher bioaccumulations in faces and intestine were detected by 1.79 and 0.99, respectively, during vermicomposting. The maximal enzyme activity rates (kmax) indicate that the enzyme activities, such as ROS and SOD, are sensitive bioindicators, which can be used to estimate the stress response of earthworms and Cu biotoxicity. The maximum specific growth rate (μmax) of the actinomycetes (TAct) increased gradually from 0.02 to 0.04 with the increase of Cu doses, but total fungi (TF) showed different response to μmax, which decreased firstly and then increased. It was demonstrated that Cu influenced the gut microbial community to vary the bio-fertility properties and bioaccumulation of Cu in the pig manure. All the findings refer that the vermicomposting could be the sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, PR China.
| | - Mohammad Russel
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Ecological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, Panjin 124221, PR China
| | - Wenwei Guo
- College of Culture and Tourism, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China
| | - Zuhong Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, PR China
| | - Chao Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, PR China
| | - Changchun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, PR China
| | - Huankai Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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17
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Carmona I, Aguirre I, Griffith DM, García-Borrego A. Towards a circular economy in virgin olive oil production: Valorization of the olive mill waste (OMW) "alpeorujo" through polyphenol recovery with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) and vermicomposting. Sci Total Environ 2023; 872:162198. [PMID: 36791855 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Virgin olive oil (VOO) production generates large amounts of a harmful by-product, olive mill waste (OMW) or alpeorujo, which has a strong environmental impact and that must be recycled to adapt VOO production to a circular economy model. Here, the valorization of OMW was studied by considering three consecutive stages: Stage 1 involves the generation of OMW; Stage 2 the recovery of bioactive phenolic compounds from the fresh OMW using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs), generating a valuable phenolic extract and a new by-product, a dephenolized OMW named "alpeoNADES"; and Stage 3 involves vermicomposting alpeoNADES with Eisenia fetida earthworms. Six NADES were formulated and tested, selecting a NADES composed of citric acid and fructose (CF) derived from food grade and biodegradable substances. CF was the most effective solvent to obtain phenolic extracts for nutraceutical and agronomical purposes, extracting 3988.74 mg/kg of polyphenols from fresh OMW. This alpeoNADES is a non-palatable substrate for E. fetida earthworms, as the residual CF gives it an acidic pH (pH 2). Its palatability was improved by mixing it with horse manure and straw for vermicomposting, in a 1:1 and 3:1 dry weight ratio. When these substrates were precomposted for 3 weeks they reached pH 5.5-6 and they could then be vermicomposted for 23 weeks (using OMW as a control). The best substrate for vermicomposting was determined by the worm biomass, growth rate, carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio, and N and P content. AlpeoNADES and manure 3:1 produced the highest quality vermicompost in the shortest time, generating a product that complied with European standards for organic fertilizers. Hence, alpeoNADES was recycled to a low-cost, organic balanced fertilizer in Stage 3, enabling the olive oil industry to transition to sustainable production through this integrated circular economy design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Carmona
- EcoSs_Lab, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, 1101608 Loja, Ecuador; Department of Agronomy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Itziar Aguirre
- Department of Agronomy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel M Griffith
- EcoSs_Lab, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, 1101608 Loja, Ecuador
| | - Aranzazu García-Borrego
- Department of Food Phytochemicals, Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain.
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18
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Dutta R, Angmo D, Singh J, Bala Chowdhary A, Quadar J, Singh S, Pal Vig A. Synergistic effect of biochar amendment in milk processing industry sludge and cattle dung during the vermiremediation. Bioresour Technol 2023; 371:128612. [PMID: 36640814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effective and sustainable management of fast growing and large quantities of industrial waste is a serious issue. The purpose of the present study was to assess the synergistic effect of biochar (BC) amended in milk processing industry sludge (MS) mixed with cattle dung (CD) in different ratios through vermiremediation. The MS25 and MS25BC10 (25:75 + 10 % BC) showed the least mortality and greatest earthworm growth and development. The final product from all feed mixtures recorded a decrease in pH, total organic carbon and C/N ratio. Other parameters viz., electrical conductivity, total available phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total sodium, total potassium and ash content was observed to be increased after vermicomposting. Significantly lower heavy metal content was found in all biochar amended feed mixtures than in mixtures without biochar. The germination index of Trigonella foenum-graecum showed a value ranging from 89.14 to 131.46 % for mixtures without BC and 115.18-153.47 % for biochar amended mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Dutta
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
| | - Deachen Angmo
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- P.G. Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Punjab, India.
| | - Anu Bala Chowdhary
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Jahangeer Quadar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Sharanpreet Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
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19
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Ashok Kumar K, Subalakshmi R, Jayanthi M, Abirami G, Vijayan DS, Venkatesa Prabhu S, Baskaran L. Production and characterization of enriched vermicompost from banana leaf biomass waste activated by biochar integration. Environ Res 2023; 219:115090. [PMID: 36529329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting uses less energy and requires fewer infrastructures, and it is capable of restoring soil nutrition and carbon. Banana cultivation produces lots of trash in a single crop season, with 30 tonnes of waste generated per acre. The biodegradable fraction of banana leaf waste is thrown out in large quantities from temples, markets place wedding halls, hotels, and residential areas. Vermicomposting can be used for recovering lignin, cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose from banana leaves. Earthworm digests organic materials with the enzymes produced in gut microflora. Biochar adds bulk to vermicomposting, increases its value as fertilizer. The goal of this study was to amend biochar (0, 2, 4 and 6%) with banana leaf waste (BLW) + cow dung (CD) in three different combinations (1:1, 2:1 and 3:1) using Eisenia fetida to produce enriched vermicompost. In the vermicompost with biochar groups, there were higher levels of physicochemical parameters, as well as macro- and micronutrient contents. The growth and reproduction of earthworms were higher in groups with biochar. A maximum of 1.82, 1.18 and 1.67% of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium was found in the final vermicompost recovered from BLW + CD (1:1) amended with 4% biochar; while the other treatments showed lower levels of nutrients. A lower C/N ratio of 18.14 was observed in BLW + CD (1:1) + 4% biochar followed by BLW + CD (1:1) + 2% biochar amendment (19.92). The FTIR and humification index studies show that degradation of organic matter has occurred in the final vermicompost and the substrates with 4% biochar in 1:1 combination showed better degradation and this combination can be used for nutrient rich vermicompost production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, 600 117, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R Subalakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, 600 117, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Jayanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, 600 117, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Abirami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, 600 117, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D S Vijayan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, VMRF, Paiyanur, Chennai, 603104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Venkatesa Prabhu
- Center of Excellence for Bioprocess and Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia
| | - L Baskaran
- Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India; PG and Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Hao X, Zhang W, Zhao L, Shen L, Zhu L, Zeng B, Jiang D, Bai L. Bacillus subtilis reduces antibiotic resistance genes of animal sludge in vermicomposting by improving heat stress tolerance of Eisenia foetida and bacterial community adjustment. Environ Res 2023; 219:115088. [PMID: 36529325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock industry have been recognized as a kind of pollutant. The effect of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) as an additive for the reduction of ARGs in animal sludge from livestock and poultry wastewater treatment plant during vermicomposting was investigated. We also evaluated the oxidative stress level and growth of earthworms, Eisenia foetida, bacterial community succession, and the quality of the end products. Two treatments were conducted using B. subtilis, one at 18 °C and another at 28 °C. Controls were setup without the bacteria. The results showed that inoculation of B. subtilis promoted the degradation of organics at 28 °C and increased the germination index to 236%. The increased activities of the superoxide dismutase (1.69 U/mg pr) and catalase (8.05 U/mg pr) and the decreased activity of malondialdehyde (0.02 nmol/mg pr) by B. subtilis at 28 °C showed that the earthworms were relieved of heat stress. The addition of B. subtilis reduced the abundance of 32 target ARGs, including integron (intI-1), transposase (IS613) and resistant genes, such as sulfonamide (sul2), quinolone (oprJ), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin group B (ermF, ermB), tetracycline (tetL-02, tetX), β-lactama (blaOXA10-01) and aminoglycoside [strB, aac(6')-Ib(aka aacA4)-01, aac(6')-Ib(aka aacA4)-02]. Organic matter degrading Membranicola, Paludisphaera, Sphingorhabdus and uncultured bacterium belonging to the order Chitinophagales, nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing Singulisphaera and Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, soil remediating Achromobacter, and plant growth promoting Kaistia, Galbibacter and Ilumatobacter were increased significantly (P < 0.05). However, the growth of harmful bacteria such as Burkholderiaceae was inhibited in the vermicompost. In earthworm guts, the probiotic Mesorhizobium was promoted, while the pathogenic uncultured bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae was reduced. Besides, B. subtilis enhanced the host relationships between bacteria and ARGs. These findings might be helpful in the removal of ARGs in animal wastes and in understanding the synergy between earthworms and microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Hao
- Lab of Animal Ecology and Environmental Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- Lab of Animal Ecology and Environmental Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Liangbin Zhao
- Lab of Animal Ecology and Environmental Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- Lab of Animal Ecology and Environmental Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Lin Bai
- Lab of Animal Ecology and Environmental Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
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21
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Hřebečková T, Králíková N, Hanč A, Wiesnerová L. Problems associated with vermicomposting of dog excrement in practice using Eisenia andrei. Waste Manag Res 2023; 41:328-336. [PMID: 36128623 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221123143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One 25-kg dog produces about 500 g of excrement per day. Excrement is a potentially hazardous material, as it may contain pathogenic microorganisms. Our samples were tested for the presence of thermotolerant coliform bacteria, Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., which are indicators of faecal contamination, as well as for the presence of helminths and their eggs. During the experiment, it was observed whether these microorganisms could be eliminated by vermicomposting. There were two variants of vermicomposting piles: one test pile (with continuous feeding) and one control pile (with a single feeding). The vermicomposting process was run in outdoor conditions in park for 51 weeks using Eisenia andrei earthworms. The vermicomposting of dog excrement with waste from park maintenance (1:2) can produce a good quality fertiliser. During the process of vermicomposting, there was a gradual decrease in the content of pathogenic bacteria. At the end of the vermicomposting process, there were no eggs or adult helminths. The vermicompost was very rich in microorganisms and enzymatic activity. The pH value was slightly alkaline, and the C:N ratio corresponded to value of mature vermicompost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Hřebečková
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natálie Králíková
- Department Seeds and Planting Materials, Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hanč
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Wiesnerová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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22
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Khamrang C, Abbasi T, Abbasi SA. The fecundity and the vermicomposting efficiency of three generations of four earthworm species in high-rate vermireactors fed with the pernicious aquatic weed salvinia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:27382-27393. [PMID: 36378380 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With vermireactors designed on the basis of the concept of high-rate vermicomposting recently introduced by S.A. Abbasi and co-workers, it has become possible to directly vermicompost phytomass, including pernicious weeds. It has also been shown that upon vermicomposting, even toxic and allelopathic weeds get transformed into highly plant-friendly and soil-friendly organic fertilizers. Pre-existing vemireactors were not able to achieve direct vermicomposting of weeds or other plant biomass, for reasons explained in the main text. But it is necessary to ascertain whether vermireactors can be operated indefinitely with problematic weeds and whether earthworms born in such vermireactors have adequate health and reproductive ability to sustain the vermireactors interminably. Hence the present work has been undertaken to assess the performance of three successive generations of four earthworm species in terms of their ability to vermicompost the highly ligninous aquatic weed salvinia and reproduce in the vermireactors solely fed by it. It was seen that in all cases the first generation of animals, which had been born and grown to adulthood in cow-dung fed vermiculture systems, took time to adapt to the weed-feed, but did so and remained healthy. The next generation which was born and raised in salvinia-fed vermireactor was significantly more efficient in vermicomposting salvinia while the third generation was still more efficient in comparison to the second generation. The trend of third generation being superior to the second and the second being superior to the first was manifest in the production of offspring (juveniles and cocoons) as well. All-in-all the findings, covering 16 months of uninterrupted vermireactor operation, reveal that earthworms tend to get acclimated to have salvinia as their exclusive feed and the successive generations of earthworms that are born and grown in the weed-feed reactors manifest not only greater vermicomposting efficiency but also superior reproductive ability than the earthworms which had been raised on animal manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channgam Khamrang
- Centre for Pollution Control & Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Chinakalapet, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Tasneem Abbasi
- Centre for Pollution Control & Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Chinakalapet, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Shahid Abbas Abbasi
- Centre for Pollution Control & Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Chinakalapet, Puducherry, 605 014, India
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23
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Mishra A, Suthar S. Bioconversion of fruit waste and sewage sludge mixtures by black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae. Environ Res 2023; 218:115019. [PMID: 36495957 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioconversion of fruit waste (FW) and sewage sludge (SS) sludge mixtures into valuable products was investigated using black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) under a lab-scale trial. For that, five different setups of FW and SS mixtures (100FW; 100SS; 70SS+30FW; 50SS+50FW; 70FW+30SS) were prepared and changes in larval biomass, feed loss, and residual waste physicochemical properties were estimated until the emergence of fly in all waste mixtures. BSFL caused a significant decrease in total organic carbon (11.71-34.79%) and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) while the increase in total nitrogen (8.35-123.30%), total phosphorus (17.02-143.36%), and total potassium (19.40-48.87%) contents in the feedstock. The germination index and C/N ratio of frass were below the standards decided for manure quality in a few setups suggesting the non-stability of frass for agronomic applications due to the short duration (20 d) of composting. Larval biomass yield, feed conversion ratio and nutrient mineralization were found to be higher in 50SS+50FW and 70FW+30SS feedstock combinations suggesting their suitability as ideal feedstock for optimal BSFL cultivation. The impact of toxic substances in sewage on BSFL survival, growth and waste stabilization processes, and frass metal enrichment could be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Mishra
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
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24
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Bhatt N, Buddhi D, Suthar S. Synthesizing biochar-based slow-releasing fertilizers using vermicompost leachate, cow dung, and plant weed biomass. J Environ Manage 2023; 326:116782. [PMID: 36403457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar-based slow-releasing fertilizers (BSRF) have been recommended widely for efficient soil nutrient management and crop production. In this study, we examined the N, P, and K release behaviour of pyrolysed (at 350 °C) cow dung (CDB), vermicompost (VCB), and Lantana (LB) weed and impregnated LB (LBVW) and CDB (CDBVW) with vermicompost leachate (1:1 v/v) under a lab-scale trial. BSRFs (CDB, VCB, LBVW and VCBVW) characterization (FT-IR, SEM-EDX and surface area analysis) was done and then tested for its suitability for soil-plant applications. Soil incubation study indicated the slow-releasing behaviour of BSRFs and overall P, N, and K release was found to be in the ranges of 72.3-84.5%, 73.1-79.0%, and 43.1-85.3%, respectively in different BSRFs setups. Furthermore, lab trials suggested the highest P (64.5%), N (75.3%), and K (86.8%) uptakes by the plant (Vigna radiata) in CDBVW and LBVW setups. Moreover, pot trails with moong bean (Vigna radiata) suggested a high growth in shoot and root and plant yield as well in seedlings cultivated with BSRFs. This study indicates that animal manure, vermicompost and terrestrial weed Lantana biochar can be used effectively to prepare BSRFs for efficient soil-plant nutrient management with multiple environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Bhatt
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Dharam Buddhi
- Division of Research & Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
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25
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Gong X, Zou L, Wang L, Zhang B, Jiang J. Biochar improves compost humification, maturity and mitigates nitrogen loss during the vermicomposting of cattle manure-maize straw. J Environ Manage 2023; 325:116432. [PMID: 36274337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining humidification and inhibiting nitrogen losses during vermicomposting process have emerged to be key factors for high-quality productions. Previous data have showed outstanding functions of biochar addition in improving vermicomposting quality. In this study, the influence of bamboo biochar (BB) and rice husk biochar (RHB) addition on compost maturity, humification and nitrogen loss was evaluated in the vermicomposting of cattle manure and maize straw. Results revealed that BB or RHB amendment improved organic matter decomposition, enhanced humification and maturity of compost, particularly in the 10% BB treatment, which exerted the highest humic acids content and GI value. Furthermore, BB or RHB addition significantly reduced nitrogen losses, in which the volatilization of NH3 and N2O were reduced by 24.93%-66.23% and 14.91%-55.12%. The fewest nitrogen loss was detected in the treatment of 10% BB. Biochar inhibited nirK, nirS but promoted AOB-amoA, nosZ expression; fewer N2O producing bacteria (Pseudomonas, Devosia, Luteimonas genus) were observed in the biochar treatment, and thereby decreased the N2O emission. Therefore, 10% BB addition for co-vermicomposting cattle manure and maize straw is an efficient way to increase humification, maturity, and reduce nitrogen loss, and future applications following this strategy is believed to generate better productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Gong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Lan Zou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Li Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Junxian Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
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26
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Shi X, Shi E, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Xu L. The contribution of earthworms to carbon mineralization during vermicomposting of maize stover and cow dung. Bioresour Technol 2023; 368:128283. [PMID: 36368490 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is an eco-friendly way to manage agricultural wastes. Maize stover and cow dung were used as the substrates. Earthworm ingestion and respiration models were employed to quantify earthworm contributions to carbon mineralization. Decreased substrate C/N and slightly increased earthworm tissue C/N were observed. Earthworm biomass carbon first increased and then decreased. Bacterial biomass carbon decreased, while fungi increased and maintained a steady level until the end of the experiment. Bacteria dominated throughout the process. The earthworm feeding rate showed a decreasing trend. In the early, middle and later stages, earthworms directly led to carbon mineralization rates of 0.030, 0.032 and 0.023 g C m-2 month-1, and indirectly led to 0.197, 0.211 and 0.153 g C m-2 month-1, respectively. It indicated that the driving force exerted by earthworms on microbes was more important. This study provides some new insights into the quantification of earthworm contributions to carbon mineralization during vermicomposting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Costal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, MS 39567, United States
| | - Xiong Shi
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Enhui Shi
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Zhou Y, Li H, Guo W, Liu H, Cai M. The synergistic effect between biofertility properties and biological activities in vermicomposting: A comparable study of pig manure. J Environ Manage 2022; 324:116280. [PMID: 36183526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is a resource technology for managing animal excreta, whereas the internal relationships of the process are vital for its wide applications. The present study examined how macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations, microbial communities, and enzymatic activity of pig manure (PM) changed during the composting and vermicomposting processes and their internal interactions. The vermicomposting process increased macronutrients more significantly than composting (32.40% of total available nitrogen, 21.70% of total available phosphorous, and 12.70% of total available potassium). The vermicomposting reduced total organic carbon (7.91%), C/N ratio (61.35%), and humification index (56.47%) more than composting due to the quick decomposition of PM. After continual fertility optimization, the total microbial population, with the exception of total fungi, rose significantly to accelerate organics mineralization and improve macronutrients in vermicomposting compared to composting. Moreover, earthworm addition favored the stabilization of the PM containing higher concentrations of micronutrients after being catalyzed by the enhanced catalase activity and reduced sucrase activity after 90 days of vermicomposting. Principal component analysis and chord plots found that the generated vermicomposting products had higher fertility properties and biological activities induced by the synergistic effect of microorganisms and earthworms. These findings highlight vermicomposting is an eco-friendly management technology for processing PM and can be scaled up for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, PR China.
| | - Huankai Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Wenwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Minggang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Li H, Xu X, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Jiang X, Xin X, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Gui Z. Accelerated degradation of cellulose in silkworm excrement by the interaction of housefly larvae and cellulose-degrading bacteria. J Environ Manage 2022; 323:116295. [PMID: 36150354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The environmental pollution caused by silkworm (Bombyx mori) excrement is prominent, and rich in refractory cellulose is the bottleneck restricting the efficient recycling of silkworm excrement. This study was performed to investigate the effects of housefly larvae vermicomposting on the biodegradation of cellulose in silkworm excrement. After six days, a 58.90% reduction of cellulose content in treatment groups was observed, which was significantly higher than 11.5% of the control groups without housefly larvae. Three cellulose-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from silkworm excrement, which were identified as Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus subtilis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. These three bacterial stains had a high cellulose degradation index (HC value ranged to between 1.86 and 5.97 and FPase ranged from 5.07 U/mL to 7.31 U/mL). It was found that housefly larvae increased the abundance of cellulose-degrading bacterial genus (Bacillus and Pseudomonas) by regulating the external environmental conditions (temperature and pH). Carbohydrate metabolism was the bacterial communities' primary function during vermicomposting based on the PICRUSt. The results of Tax4Fun indicated that the abundance of endo-β-1,4-glucanase and exo-β-1,4-glucanase increased rapidly and maintained at a higher level in silkworm excrement due to the addition of housefly larvae, which contributed to the accelerated degradation of cellulose in silkworm excrement. The finding of this investigation showed that housefly larvae can significantly accelerate the degradation of cellulose in silkworm excrement by increasing the abundance of cellulose-degrading bacterial genera and cellulase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueming Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minqi Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanhao Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueping Jiang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangdong Xin
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongzheng Gui
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China.
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Patra RK, Behera D, Mohapatra KK, Sethi D, Mandal M, Patra AK, Ravindran B. Juxtaposing the quality of compost and vermicompost produced from organic wastes amended with cow dung. Environ Res 2022; 214:114119. [PMID: 36007568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Composting is a propitious technology to change bio-degradable solid waste into organic fertilizers. Considering this, five types of organic waste viz., leaf litter (Tectona grandis), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), cauliflower waste (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), coir pith, and mushroom spent waste were composted with and without the use of earthworm (Eisenia fetida). The reaction (pH) and electrical conductivity of compost and vermicompost ranged from 6.98 to 7.45 and 6.97 to 7.36, 0.11 to 0.21 dSm-1, and 0.11 to 0.25 dSm-1, respectively. The chemical oxygen demand both the compost and vermicompost ranged from 687 to 1170 mg l-1 and 633-980 mg l-1 respectively. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) ranged from, 75 to 121 (c mol (p+) kg-1, and 80 to 127 (c mol (p+) kg-1, respectively. The C:N of compost and vermicompost varied from 16:1 to 33:1 and 12:1 to 19:1, respectively. The organic carbon content was decreased (18.3-38.7%), while secondary and micronutrient contents increased over the initial concentration. The NH4+ and NO3- content of compost and vermicompost ranged from 270 to 510 mg kg-1 and 230-430 mg kg-1, 560 to 105 mg kg-1, and 690-1100 mg kg-1, respectively. The nitrification index (NH4+/NO3-) ranged from 0.3 to 0.9 in composts and 0.3 to 0.6 in vermicomposts. The dehydrogenase and urease activity varied from 685 to 1696 μg g-1 hr-1 and 938-2549 μg TPF g-1 day-1 respectively. The bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population were 2-3, 0.3-0.7 and 3-8 times more in vermicompost over the corresponding compost. This study confirmed that compared to compost, vermicompost showed better nutrients and microbial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Kumar Patra
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Denish Behera
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Mohapatra
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Debadatta Sethi
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India.
| | - Mitali Mandal
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Alok Kumar Patra
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16227, South Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India.
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IndraKumar Singh S, Singh WR, Bhat SA, Sohal B, Khanna N, Vig AP, Ameen F, Jones S. Vermiremediation of allopathic pharmaceutical industry sludge amended with cattle dung employing Eisenia fetida. Environ Res 2022; 214:113766. [PMID: 35780853 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to vermiremediate allopathic pharmaceutical industry sludge (AS) amended with cattle dung (CD), in different feed mixtures (AS:CD) i.e (AS0) 0:100 [Positive control], (AS25) 25:75, (AS50) 50:50, (AS75) 75:25 and (AS100) 100:0 [Negative Control] for 180 days using earthworm Eisenia fetida. The earthworms could thrive and grow well up to the AS75 feed mixture. In the final vermicompost, there were significant decreases in electrical conductivity (29.18-18.70%), total organic carbon (47.48-22.39%), total organic matter (47.47-22.36%), and C: N ratio (78.15-54.59%). While, significant increases in pH (9.06-16.47%), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (69.57-139.58%), total available phosphorus (30.30-81.56%), total potassium (8.92-22.22%), and total sodium (50.56-62.12%). The heavy metals like Cr (50-18.60%), Cd (100-75%), Pb (57.14-40%), and Ni (100-50%) were decreased, whereas Zn (8.37-53.77%), Fe (199.03-254.27%), and Cu (12.90-100%) increased significantly. The toxicity of the final vermicompost was shown to be lower in the Genotoxicity analysis, with values ranging between (76-42.33%). The germination index (GI) of Mung bean (Vigna radiata) showed a value ranging between 155.02 and 175.90%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed irregularities with high porosity of texture in the final vermicompost than in initial mixtures. Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra of final vermicompost had low peak intensities than the initial samples. The AS50 feed mixture was the most favorable for the growth and fecundity of Eisenia fetida, emphasizing the role of cattle dung in the vermicomposting process. Thus, it can be inferred that a cost-effective and eco-friendly method (vermicomposting) with the proper amendment of cattle dung and employing Eisenia fetida could transform allopathic sludge into a nutrient-rich, detoxified, stable, and mature vermicompost for agricultural purposes and further could serve as a stepping stone in the allopathic pharmaceutical industry sludge management strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soubam IndraKumar Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Waikhom Roshan Singh
- Manipur Pollution Control Board (MPCB), Imphal West, DC Office Complex, Imphal, 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Bhawana Sohal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Namita Khanna
- Department of Physiology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India; Punjab Pollution Control Board (PPCB), Vatavaran Bhawan, Nabha Road, Patiala, 147001, Punjab, India.
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumathi Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India
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Cui G, Lü F, Hu T, Zhang H, Shao L, He P. Vermicomposting leads to more abundant microplastics in the municipal excess sludge. Chemosphere 2022; 307:136042. [PMID: 35981618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Municipal excess activated sludge is not only an important reservoir of microplastics particles, but is also a vehicle of entry of microplastics into the environments as soil amendments or organic fertilizer. Vermicomposting is a cost-effective technology for sludge valorization. However, it is not clear whether vermicomposting affects the occurrence of microplastics in residual sludge. Here, the variation of microplastics (0.05-5 mm) in sludge, including the abundance, type, size, and morphology, before and after vermicomposting by epigeic earthworms under different temperature conditions (15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C) were investigated by micro Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (μ-FTIR) and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). More abundant (over 104 particles ∙kg-1 (dry weight)), and smaller microplastics (over 60% in total with 0.05-0.5 mm) in the treated sludge via earthworms were observed compared to the raw sludge. The increment of vermicomposting temperature was more obvious (p < 0.05) for the enrichment of the microplastics, especially for polyethylene particle. Gizzard grinding and microbial digestion in the gut of earthworms may contribute to the fragment of microplastics. The present study suggests that the sludge-sourced vermicompost is still an important hotspot of microplastics, posing a potential threat to the receiving environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Cui
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tian Hu
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Ameen F, Al-Homaidan AA. Treatment of heavy metal-polluted sewage sludge using biochar amendments and vermistabilization. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:861. [PMID: 36214918 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of sewage sludge hampers its recycling. Contaminated sewage sludge was amended with different proportions of biochar and vermistabilized. Biochar produced from wheat straw was added at four proportions (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). Ten earthworms Eisenia fetida were added, and the sludge was vermistabilized for 60 days. Heavy metal and nutrient concentrations and the accumulation of metals to E. fetida were measured. The treatment with 4% biochar was the most efficient in reducing the concentrations of heavy metals. The concentration of Cd decreased 55%, Cr 28%, Cu 30%, and Pb 21%. The concentrations of plant nutrients increased: total N 43%, total P 92%, and total K 60%. E. fetida accumulated all heavy metals in their internal tissues. The survival and reproductive rate of E. fetida improved during the vermistabilization process. We interpret that the biochar alone did not improve the decomposition process, but the main actors were the earthworms E. fetida. The most efficient proportion of biochar was 4%, not the highest tested (6%). We recommend 4% biochar to be used in the vermistabilization of heavy metal-contaminated municipal sewage sludge. The study benefits both the management of heavy metal-contaminated sewage sludge and agriculture where the final vermistabilization product can be used to improve crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali A Al-Homaidan
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Martínez-Gallardo MR, Jurado MM, López-González JA, Toribio A, Suárez-Estrella F, Sáez JA, Moral R, Andreu-Rodríguez FJ, López MJ. Biorecovery of olive mill wastewater sludge from evaporation ponds. J Environ Manage 2022; 319:115647. [PMID: 35803069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewater (OMW) resulting from the olive oil extraction process is usually disposed of in evaporation ponds where it concentrates generating a sludge that pollutes the ponds nearby area. In this study, four bio-treatments were applied for the in-situ bioremediation and valorization of OMW sludge: Landfarming, phytoremediation, composting and vermicomposting. In all cases, the OMW sludge was added with organic residues (mushroom compost, rabbit manure, and chicken manure). The bio-treatments were carried out in duplicate, inoculated and non-inoculated, to determine the effect of a specialized fungal consortium (Aspergillus ochraceus H2 and Scedosporium apiospermum H16) on the efficacy of the bio-treatments. The evaluation of chemical parameters, toxicity, and functional microbial biodiversity revealed that the four techniques depleted the toxicity and favored the stimulation of functional microbiota. Landfarming and phytoremediation allowed the decontamination and improvement of soils. Composting and vermicomposting also offered high-quality products of agronomic interest. Inoculation improved the bioremediation effectiveness. Biological treatments are effective for the safe recovery of contaminated OMW sludge into high-quality services and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Martínez-Gallardo
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
| | - M M Jurado
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - J A López-González
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - A Toribio
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - F Suárez-Estrella
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - J A Sáez
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - R Moral
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - F J Andreu-Rodríguez
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - M J López
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
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Kauser H, Saumya S, Haq I, Khwairakpam M. Biological treatment of Climbing Hempweed biomass through optimized composting technologies - Toxicity assessment and morphological study of Abelmoschus esculentus. J Environ Manage 2022; 319:115631. [PMID: 35816964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climbing Hempweed (CH) is one of the top ten most obnoxious weeds on the planet, as well as one of the most destructive weeds. Its disastrous spread on the agricultural field has hampered the production of a wide range of crops. Various management techniques have been used to eradicate the weed, but none have been completely successful. As a result, management through the use of weed biomass will aid in the eradication of the weed as well as the production of a value-added product. To utilize invasive weed CH for the production of rotary drum compost (R1) and rotary drum followed by vermicompost (V1), two composting technologies were used. These technologies are being compared on several physicochemical parameters to determine their efficacy. V1 compost had the highest total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (3.01%), potassium (3.45%), and total phosphorus (16.42 g/kg) levels, while R1 compost had 2.58% TKN, 2.8% potassium, and 14.25 g/kg total phosphorus. Subsequently, the increasing trends in mitotic index (%) of R1 and V1 samples imply that the cytotoxic effects of CH were decreased due to composting and vermicomposting processes. Genotoxicity assessment revealed that an aberration percentage of 1.64 was observed in 100% concentration of V1 (after 30 days) and 4.34% in R1(after 20 days). R1 and V1 were used to evaluate the performance of Abelmoschus esculentus where the highest fruit harvest was seen at 25% amended R1 compost and 35% amended V1 compost. The application of 25-35% R1 compost and 35-40% V1 compost was found to be the most beneficial for the development of Abelmoschus esculentus. There was no significant difference in heavy metal (Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, and Zn) content in the fruit of Abelmoschus esculentus post-application of R1 and V1 compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Kauser
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Shuchi Saumya
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Izharul Haq
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Meena Khwairakpam
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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35
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Ghahdarijani ARJ, Hoodaji M, Tahmourespour A. Vermicomposting of sewage sludge with organic bulking materials to improve its properties. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:555. [PMID: 35780282 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adverse properties of sewage sludge such as high concentration of toxic metals and the presence of pathogens have limited its use in agriculture. In this study, the effect of vermicomposting on some important chemical properties of sewage sludge was investigated as a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The studied factors were bulking agents in three concentrations (0, 5, and 10% v/v), earthworm (Eisenia fetida) in 2 different concentrations (0 and 50 adult earthworms/6 kg sewage sludge), and retention times in three levels (30, 60, and 90 days). Sewage sludge was obtained from the lagoons of Ghahdarijan refinery in Isfahan province in Iran. The results showed that vermicomposting significantly (p < 1%) reduced the number of coliforms and concentrations of Ni, Cr, and Pb and increased the organic carbon percent and N of the sewage sludge. When comparing different treatments, vermicomposting of sewage sludge with rice husk 10% v/v during retention times of 60 and 90 days were superior treatments in reducing the concentrations of Ni, Cr, and Pb and reducing the number of coliforms. Furthermore, the highest %OC was measured in the rice husk 10% + earthworm in the retention time of 90 days which was about 41% more than the control treatment. In general, it is concluded that vermicomposting significantly reduced the adverse properties of sewage sludge for using in agriculture as an organic fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehran Hoodaji
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Tahmourespour
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Huang K, Guan M, Chen J, Xu J, Xia H, Li Y. Biochars modify the degradation pathways of dewatered sludge by regulating active microorganisms during gut digestion of earthworms. Sci Total Environ 2022; 828:154496. [PMID: 35288128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar can accelerate the degradation and mineralization of organic matter during vermicomposting of sludge and the resulted vermicompost is termed as vermi-char containing active enzymes and microorganisms. However, the mechanisms by which biochars affect vermicomposting of the dewatered sludge during gut digestion of earthworms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar on the degradation pathways of organic matter and the involved active microorganisms in dewatered sludge during gut digestion of earthworms. The earthworms Eisenia fetida were fed on three sludge substrates; 1) sludge mixed with 5% corncob biochar, 2) sludge mixed 5% rice husk biochar, and 3) sludge without biochar. The results showed that dissolved organic carbon significantly decreased by 5.65%-21.81% after the 5-day gut digestion of earthworms (P < 0.05) and that biochar addition could accelerate the decomposition of aromatic protein-like substances. Contrarily, the nitrate in earthworms casting with biochars significantly increased by 47.32%-122.64% (P < 0.05) compared with the control. The numbers of active bacteria and eukaryotes in earthworm castings with biochars significantly enhanced by 1.34-1.45 times and 0.45-5.91 times, respectively, than the control (P < 0.05). Active Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated the castings with biochars significantly enriched by 76.18%-88.83% and 4.02%-18.59% (P < 0.05), respectively, compared to control. As for eukaryotes, the biochars amendment increased Cercozoa abundance by 114.23%-136.31% but decreased Annelida by 55.61%-75.88% in the castings. The partial least squares path model revealed that the biochars could change the content and structure of organic matter in earthworm castings during vermicomposting of sludge by affecting environmental factors, microbial abundance, and microbial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Mengxin Guan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hui Xia
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
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Miranda-Carrazco A, Chávez-López C, Ramírez-Villanueva DA, Dendooven L. Bacteria in (vermi)composted organic wastes mostly survive when applied to an arable soil cultivated with wheat (Triticum sp. L.). Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:363. [PMID: 35419663 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Composting and vermicomposting are an environmentally friendly way to reduce pathogens in organic wastes and generate a valuable product that provides nutrients for crops. However, how the bacterial community structure changes during these different processes and if the bacteria applied with the (vermi)composted products survive in an arable cultivated soil is still largely unknown. In this study, we monitored how the bacterial community structure changed during conditioning, composting with and without Eisenia fetida, and when the end-product was applied to arable soil cultivated with wheat Triticum sp. L. The organic wastes used were biosolid, cow manure, and a mixture of both. Large changes occurred in the relative abundance of some of the most abundant bacterial genera during conditioning, but the changes were much smaller during composting or vermicomposting. The bacterial community structure was significantly different in the organic wastes during conditioning and (vermi)composting but adding E. fetida had no significant effect on it. Changes in the relative abundance of the bacterial groups in the (vermi)composted waste applied to the arable soil cultivated with wheat were small, suggesting that most survived even after 140 days. As such, applying (vermi)composted organic wastes not only adds nutrients to a crop but also contributes to the survival of plant growth-promoting bacteria found in the (vermi)compost. However, putative human pathogens found in the biosolid also survived in the arable soil, and their relative abundance remained high but mixing the biosolid with cow manure reduced that risk. It was found that applying (vermi)composted organic wastes to an arable soil not only provides plant nutrients and adds bacteria with plant growth-promoting capacities, but some putative pathogens also survived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Miranda-Carrazco
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Chávez-López
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Luc Dendooven
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Miranda-Carrazco A, Ramírez-Villanueva DA, Dendooven L. Greenhouse gas emissions of biosolid and cow manure during composting and vermicomposting and when applied to soil cultivated with wheat (Triticum sp. L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:24968-24982. [PMID: 34837621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biosolids are a by-product of wastewater treatment, and their nutritional composition makes them ideal for fertilizing crops. However, pre-treatments, such as conditioning and/or (vermi)composting, are often required to stabilize the product and remove pathogens. Biosolids, cow manure, and a 50-50% mixture were conditioned for 21 days, composted or vermicomposted with Eisenia fetida (Savigny 1826) for 28 days, and applied to soil cultivated with wheat (Triticum sp. L.), while emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) were monitored. Emissions of CH4 were large from the biosolid and N2O from the cow manure during conditioning. Emissions of CH4 remained high during (vermi)composting of the biosolids, while the emissions of N2O from the cow manure dropped. The addition of E. fetida did not affect the emissions of greenhouse gases during (vermi)composting. The emission of N2O was higher when (vermi)composted biosolid was applied to soil cultivated with wheat than when (vermi)composted cow manure was applied. The global warming potential (GWP) of the sum of the emitted greenhouse gases (GHG) during conditioning, (vermi)composting, and when the final product was applied to soil was 3 times larger from the cow manure than from the biosolid, but mixing biosolid with cow manure eliminated that difference. It was concluded that mixing biosolid with cow manure might be a simple way to reduce the GWP of the emitted GHG during storage, (vermi)composting, and when applied to soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luc Dendooven
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Das D, Kalita N, Langthasa D, Faihriem V, Borah G, Chakravarty P, Deka H. Eisenia fetida for vermiconversion of waste biomass of medicinal herbs: Status of nutrients and stability parameters. Bioresour Technol 2022; 347:126391. [PMID: 34838967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vermiconversion possibility of waste biomass of two medicinal herbs Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa has been investigated. The Eisenia fetida, an epigeic earthworm was used in the vermicomposting process. The vermicomposting caused shifting in pH towards neutral range, reduction in electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, C/N and C/P ratios whereas1.8-2.73 folds enhancement in macronutrients (TKN, AP, T Ca and T Mg) and ash contents in the substrate mixture. The heavy metals and trace elements content in the vermicompost were found within 3.25-1380 mg/kg and are under the permissible limits of compost applications. Besides, high germination index value in the vermicompost extract indicates loss of phytotoxicity and safe agricultural application potential of the end product. Finally, enhanced growth in Eisenia fetida confirms the application potential of harvested waste biomass as the raw materials for vermiconversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhritashri Das
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Nabajit Kalita
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Dericka Langthasa
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Vanlalhriet Faihriem
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Glory Borah
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Paramita Chakravarty
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Hemen Deka
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India.
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Jayakumar M, Emana AN, Subbaiya R, Ponraj M, Ashok Kumar KK, Muthusamy G, Kim W, Karmegam N. Detoxification of coir pith through refined vermicomposting engaging Eudrilus eugeniae. Chemosphere 2022; 291:132675. [PMID: 34710456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous coir industrial waste, coir pith has been subjected to 50 days vermicomposting with Eudrilus eugeniae by amending nitrogenous legume plant, Gliricidia sepium together with cattle dung in different combinations, after 21 days precomposting using Pleurotus sajor-caju spawn. An increase in electrical conductivity, total NPK and calcium, and a decrease in organic matter, total organic carbon, C/N ratio, C/P ratio and total phenolic content in the final vermicompost were observed. Dehydrogenase, urease and cellulase activity peaked up to 30 days of vermicomposting and then declined. The phytotoxicity studies with Brassica juncea, C/N ratio and enzyme activities confirmed the stability and maturity of vermicompost. The results also demonstrated that the 2:3:1 ratio (coir pith + Gliricidia sepium + cow dung) is a suitable effective combination for nutrient-rich (N: 2.43%; P: 0.92%; K: 2.09%) vermicompost production. The total phenolic contents declined during the vermicomposting with a lower final content of 21.26 mg/g GAE in 2:3:1 combination of substrates from the initial level (105.56 mg/g GAE). Besides, the concentration of total phenol contents inversely related to the germination index of Brassica juncea (r = -0.761), indicating that the phenolic content could also play an important role in phytotoxicity. Growth and fecundity of Eudrilus eugeniae in 2:3:1 combination revealed the acceptability and rapid decomposition of coir pith substrate into vermifertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Jayakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Nemera Emana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Ramasamy Subbaiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P O Box: 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Mohanadoss Ponraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P O Box: 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Krishna Kumar Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, 600 117, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govarthanan Muthusamy
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, 636007, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Hussain N, Patnaik P, Abbasi T, Khamrang C, Abbasi SA, Abbasi T. Role of different earthworm species in nullifying the toxicity of Ipomea carnea and enhancing its utility as a phytoremediator. Int J Phytoremediation 2022; 24:1385-1394. [PMID: 35166609 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2031864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dreaded weed ipomea (Ipomea carnea), has shown promise as a versatile phytoremediator. But I. carnea plants exude several alkaloids and phenols which are harmful to plants as well as animals. Due to this, the weed imparts as much or more toxicity to the soil as it remediates. These authors have earlier found that upon being vermicomposted by Eisenia fetida ipomea loses its toxicity and becomes a benign organic fertilizer with pest repellant attributes. These findings open up the possibility of using earthworms in those segments of land which are sought to be phytoremediated by ipomea so that the earthworms can keep converting the dead ipomea plants and the debris of live plants to fertilizer. The present work has aimed to determine whether the extent and nature of earthworm impact differs from species to species or is similar across different species. It has revealed that the action of each of the four different earthworm species deployed by the authors caused the C:N ratio of ipomea to change drastically ̶ from 28.20 to 15.95 ± 0.75, bringing the vermicomposts to the category of fertilizers fit for horticulture. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed that all the species caused a breakdown of the alkaloids and the phenolic compounds present in ipomea, resulting in the weed's detoxification. The earthworms also effected partial degradation of the lignocellulosic content of ipomea to simpler and more soil-friendly constituents like humic acids. Thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy corroborated these findings. The influence exerted by the four species of earthworms was similarly beneficial in nature and extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Hussain
- Centre for Pollution Control & Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Chinakalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - Pratiksha Patnaik
- Centre for Pollution Control & Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Chinakalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - Tabassum- Abbasi
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Channgam Khamrang
- Centre for Pollution Control & Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Chinakalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - Shahid A Abbasi
- Centre for Pollution Control & Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Chinakalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - Tasneem Abbasi
- Centre for Pollution Control & Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Chinakalapet, Puducherry, India
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Zhao X, Shen JP, Shu CL, Jin SS, Di HJ, Zhang LM, He JZ. Attenuation of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock manure through vermicomposting via Protaetia brevitarsis and its fate in a soil-vegetable system. Sci Total Environ 2022; 807:150781. [PMID: 34624280 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Scarab larvae (Protaetia brevitarsis) could transform large quantities of agricultural waste into compost, providing a promising bio-fertilizer for soil management. There is an urgent need to assess the risk of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil-vegetable system with application of compost derived from P. brevitarsis larvae. We conducted a pot experiment to compare the changes of ARGs in the soil and lettuce by adding four types of manure, livestock manure (chicken and swine manure) and the corresponding larval frass. Significantly low numbers of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected in both larval frass compared with the corresponding livestock manure. Pot experiment showed that the detected numbers of ARGs and MGEs in bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, and root endophytes were significantly lower in the frass-amended treatments than the raw manure-amended treatments. Furthermore, the relative abundance of ARGs and MGEs with application of chicken-frass was significant lower in rhizosphere soil and leaf endophyte. Using non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, the patterns of soil ARGs and MGEs with chicken-frass application were more close to those from the bulk soil in the control. Structural equation models indicated that livestock manure addition was the main driver shaping soil ARGs with raw manure application, while MGEs were the key drivers in frass-amended treatments. These findings demonstrated that application of livestock manure vermicomposting via scarab larvae (P. brevitarsis) may be at low risk in spreading manure-borne ARGs through soil-plant system, providing an alternative technique for reducing ARGs in organic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ju-Pei Shen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Chang-Long Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sheng-Sheng Jin
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hong J Di
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury 7674, New Zealand
| | - Li-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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Liew CS, Yunus NM, Chidi BS, Lam MK, Goh PS, Mohamad M, Sin JC, Lam SM, Lim JW, Lam SS. A review on recent disposal of hazardous sewage sludge via anaerobic digestion and novel composting. J Hazard Mater 2022; 423:126995. [PMID: 34482076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The high investment cost required by modern treatment technologies of hazardous sewage sludge such as incineration and anaerobic digestion have discouraged their application by many developing countries. Hence, this review elucidates the status, performances and limitations of two low-cost methods for biological treatment of hazardous sewage sludge, employing vermicomposting and black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). Their performances in terms of carbon recovery, nitrogen recovery, mass reduction, pathogen destruction and heavy metal stabilization were assessed alongside with the mature anaerobic digestion method. It was revealed that vermicomposting and BSFL were on par with anaerobic digestion for carbon recovery, nitrogen recovery and mass reduction. Thermophilic anaerobic digestion was found superior in pathogen destruction because of its high operational temperature. Anaerobic digestion also had proven its ability to stabilize heavy metals, but no conclusive finding could confirm similar application from vermicomposting or BSFL treatment. However, the addition of co-substrates or biochar during vermicomposting or BSFL treatment may show synergistic effects in stabilizing heavy metals as demonstrated by anaerobic digestion. Moreover, vermicomposting and BSFL valorization had manifested their potentialities as the low-cost alternatives for treating hazardous sewage sludge, whilst producing value-added feedstock for biochemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Seng Liew
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Normawati M Yunus
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Boredi Silas Chidi
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mardawani Mohamad
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jin Chung Sin
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sze Mun Lam
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, 31900 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Ordoñez-Arévalo B, Huerta-Lwanga E, Calixto-Romo MDLÁ, Dunn MF, Guillén-Navarro K. Hemicellulolytic bacteria in the anterior intestine of the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Sav.). Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:151221. [PMID: 34717991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tropical agriculture produces large amounts of lignocellulosic residues that can potentially be used as a natural source of value-added products. The complexity of lignocellulose makes industrial-scale processing difficult. New processing techniques must be developed to improve the yield and avoid this valuable resource going to waste. Hemicelluloses comprise a variety of polysaccharides with different backbone compositions and decorations (such as methylations and acetylations), and form part of an intricate framework that confers structural stability to the plant cell wall. Organisms that are able to degrade these biopolymers include earthworms (Eisenia fetida), which can rapidly decompose a wide variety of lignocellulosic substrates. This ability probably derives from enzymes and symbiotic microorganisms in the earthworm gut. In this work, two substrates with similar C/N ratios but different hemicellulose content were selected. Palm fibre and coffee husk have relatively high (28%) and low (5%) hemicellulose contents, respectively. A vermicomposting mixture was prepared for the earthworms to feed on by mixing a hemicellulose substrate with organic market waste. Xylanase activity was determined in earthworm gut and used as a selection criterion for the isolation of hemicellulose-degrading bacteria. Xylanase activity was similar for both substrates, even though their physicochemical properties principally pH and electrical conductivity, as shown by the MANOVA analysis) were different for the total duration of the experiment (120 days). Xylanolytic strains isolated from earthworm gut were identified by sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Our results indicate that the four Actinobacteria, two Proteobacteria, and one Firmicutes isolated are active participants of the xylanolytic degradation by microbiota in the intestine of E. fetida. Most bacteria were more active at pH 7 and 28 °C, and those with higher activities are reported as being facultatively anaerobic, coinciding with the microenvironment reported for the earthworm gut. Each strain had a different degradative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Ordoñez-Arévalo
- Grupo Académico de Biotecnología Ambiental, Unidad Tapachula, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, C.P. 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Huerta-Lwanga
- Grupo Académico de Agroecología, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Av. Polígono s/n, Ciudad Industrial, C.P. 24500 Lerma, Campeche, Mexico; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - María de Los Ángeles Calixto-Romo
- Grupo Académico de Biotecnología Ambiental, Unidad Tapachula, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, C.P. 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Michael Frederick Dunn
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Karina Guillén-Navarro
- Grupo Académico de Biotecnología Ambiental, Unidad Tapachula, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, C.P. 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
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Ameen F, Al-Homaidan AA. Improving the efficiency of vermicomposting of polluted organic food wastes by adding biochar and mangrove fungi. Chemosphere 2022; 286:131945. [PMID: 34426272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting of food waste amended with biochar and cow dung was studied during a 90-day composting period. The improvement of the vermicomposting process by adding three mangrove fungal species as additional amendments were studied. The use of mangrove fungi Acrophialophora jodhpurensis as a bio-catalytic actor during vermicomposting proved to be beneficial in terms of final compost quality (available N, P and K) and the shortening of the composting period. All three fungal species, however, reached the neutral pH at the end of the composting period and appeared to be beneficial. Heavy metal (Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr) concentrations decreased throughout the composting process. Food waste can be treated using vermicomposting with biochar, cow dung and the mangrove fungi A. jodhpurensis. The final vermicomposting product is suitable for agricultural use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali A Al-Homaidan
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Shi X, Xu L, Zhang L, Zhang L. The succession of GH 6 cellulase-producing microbial communities and temporal profile of GH 6 gene abundance during vermicomposting of maize stover and cow dung. Bioresour Technol 2022; 344:126242. [PMID: 34744029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting eco-friendly converts lignocellulosic wastes into bio-organic fertilizer. Cellulose is the most abundant carbohydrate in lignocellulose. Glycoside hydrolase family 6 (GH6) plays a key role in the early step of cellulose degradation, which is essential for stabilizing lignocellulose. This study intends to quantify the abundance of GH6 gene and to clarify the succession of GH6 cellulase-producing microbial communities during vermicomposting. 100% of maize stover (A) and maize stover and cow dung at 60:40 ratio (B) were used. The results showed that different native genera were observed in the starting materials. Cellulomonas and Cellulosimicrobium were dominant genera harboring GH6 gene. The peak relative abundance of Cellulomonas was 76% and 30% in B and A during vermicomposting phase, and the corresponding values of Cellulosimicrobium was 36% and 37%. Earthworms increased the abundance of GH6 gene, which reached 1.51E + 09 from 3.46E + 08 copies/g in B. The results partially interpreted promoting effect of earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Costal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, MS 39567, United States
| | - Xiong Shi
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Luwen Zhang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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Sohal B, Ahmad Bhat S, Vig AP. Vermiremediation and comparative exploration of physicochemical, growth parameters, nutrients and heavy metals content of biomedical waste ash via ecosystem engineers Eisenia fetida. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 227:112891. [PMID: 34649139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting of Biomedical waste ash (BA) by the earthworm Eisenia fetida was studied with cow dung (CD) as nutrient medium. For 105 days, experiment was carried out in seven vermireactors containing varying ratios of BA and CD. Earthworm activity significantly reduced the pH (8.61-7.24), Electrical conductivity (EC) (4.1-1.62), Total organic carbon (TOC) (38.6-14.92), and Carbon and nitrogen (C/N ratios) (145.4-8.2) of all BA ratios. Levels of Total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) (0.26-1.82), Total available phosphorus (TAP) (0.22-0.64), Total potassium (TK) (2.05-12.08), and Total sodium (TNa) (47.53-92.26) were found to be increasing in the postvermicompost mixture. Although heavy metals content decreased from initial to final, it becomes below the permissible limits in the end product. The results showed that earthworm growth and fecundity were best in vermireactors containing 10-25% of BA. The best reproduction and growth of earthworms, demonstrate the vermicomposting's ability to manage hazardous solid wastes like BA. Use of vermitechnology to manage BA has not been performed yet in any kind of the research. Finally, it was determined that vermicomposting can be incorporated into overall plan for BA management. Thus nutrient-rich, detoxified, and physiochemically stable product may be used safely in agricultural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Sohal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Government Degree College Anantnag, Khanabal, Jammu and Kashmir 192101, India.
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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Ganguly RK, Chakraborty SK. Succession of enzymes and microbial biomarkers in the process of vermicomposting: An insight towards valorization of toxic paper mill wastes using Perionyx excavatus (Oligochaeta; Perrier, 1872). J Environ Health Sci Eng 2021; 19:1457-1472. [PMID: 34900280 PMCID: PMC8617214 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Main insight of the study was to evaluate the potential of Perionyx excavatus, an indigenous earthworm of India towards bioconversion of toxic paper mill wastes. The study had considered a comprehensive study over succession of different enzymes and microbial biomasses alongside removal of heavy metals to reflect the qualitative enrichment of the toxic waste through valorisation procedure. METHODS The process of vermicomposting was performed using ratio of paper mill sludge: cow dung: straw as 5:4:1 and Perionyx excavatus for a period of 60 days. Qualitative enrichment was considered through detailed evaluation of physicochemical parameters and succession of 19 enzymes using API ZYM technology. Heavy metal loads in terms of Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb along with bioaccumulation factor (BAF) were considered to establish functional role of earthworm in bioremediation. Microbial succession was measured in terms of PLFA biomarkers. RESULTS Enzymatic enrichment of different isozymes of esterase, aminopeptidase and glycosyl hydrolase were found in the vermicompost. A significant reduction of heavy metals was noticed in vermicomposting of primary sludge as Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu and secondary sludge as Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr. An increase in density of Gram positive bacterial and fungal populations was found at the end phase of vermicomposting process which supports maturity of vermicompost. CONCLUSION Presence of different enzyme activities, reduction of heavy metal loads along with rise of eukaryotic PLFA markers, had illustrated the efficiency of vermicomposting as a valorisation procedure in the qualitative enrichment of toxic organic paper mill sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram K. Ganguly
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102 India
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Hanc A, Hrebeckova T, Grasserova A, Cajthaml T. Conversion of spent coffee grounds into vermicompost. Bioresour Technol 2021; 341:125925. [PMID: 34614558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study was focused on vermicomposting of spent coffee grounds (SCG) and its mixtures with straw pellets. The process was evaluated in terms of biological and physico-chemical properties. The greatest number and biomass of earthworms was found in the treatment with 25% vol. SCG + 75% vol. straw pellets. In this treatment, the upper youngest layer exhibited 1.6-fold and 4.5-fold greater earthworm number and biomass, respectively, than the bottom oldest layer. Earthworm weight decreased in direct proportion to the layer age. The oldest treatment layer was characterized by lesser contents of fungi and six hydrolytic enzymes, compared to the younger layers. Further, the oldest treatment layer had suitable agrochemical properties. Earthworms were able to substantially reduce the caffeine stimulant content, which is considered the most representative pharmaceutically active compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Hanc
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Hrebeckova
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Grasserova
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
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Niedzialkoski RK, Marostica R, Damaceno FM, Costa LADM, Costa MSSDM. Combination of biological processes for agro-industrial poultry waste management: Effects on vermicomposting and anaerobic digestion. J Environ Manage 2021; 297:113127. [PMID: 34346400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the combination of bioprocesses to increase the utilization of agro-industrial poultry wastes. Composting piles were submitted to hydration and fraction separation (FS) and then, the solid fraction was vermicomposted and the liquid fraction was anaerobically digested. Composting followed by hydration and FS prior to vermicomposting enhanced earthworm adaptation and survival by reducing salt levels (50%), total organic carbon, and total nitrogen which may be limiting to vermicomposting at high concentrations. These strategies providing the production of up to 300 new cocoons and 360 young earthworms more than the control treatment. In addition to providing a favorable environment for earthworm growth, the combination of bioprocesses resulted in a high-quality organic fertilizer free of phytotoxic compounds and with phytostimulant properties (germination index higher than 100%). Energy recovery was greater in the treatment without the precomposting step (T0) (461.8 L CH4 kg-1. Volatile Solidsadded). The results show that combining the bioprocesses is a sustainable alternative for managing poultry wastes not only in terms of the recycling of nutrients but also by providing a clean source of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Krauss Niedzialkoski
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85.819-110, Cascavel, Parana, Brazil
| | - Ritieli Marostica
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85.819-110, Cascavel, Parana, Brazil
| | - Felippe Martins Damaceno
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85.819-110, Cascavel, Parana, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio de Mendonça Costa
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85.819-110, Cascavel, Parana, Brazil
| | - Monica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça Costa
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85.819-110, Cascavel, Parana, Brazil.
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