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Yatoo AM, Hamid B, Sheikh TA, Ali S, Bhat SA, Ramola S, Ali MN, Baba ZA, Kumar S. Global perspective of municipal solid waste and landfill leachate: generation, composition, eco-toxicity, and sustainable management strategies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:23363-23392. [PMID: 38443532 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Globally, more than 2 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) are generated each year, with that amount anticipated to reach around 3.5 billion tonnes by 2050. On a worldwide scale, food and green waste contribute the major proportion of MSW, which accounts for 44% of global waste, followed by recycling waste (38%), which includes plastic, glass, cardboard, and paper, and 18% of other materials. Population growth, urbanization, and industrial expansion are the principal drivers of the ever-increasing production of MSW across the world. Among the different practices employed for the management of waste, landfill disposal has been the most popular and easiest method across the world. Waste management practices differ significantly depending on the income level. In high-income nations, only 2% of waste is dumped, whereas in low-income nations, approximately 93% of waste is burned or dumped. However, the unscientific disposal of waste in landfills causes the generation of gases, heat, and leachate and results in a variety of ecotoxicological problems, including global warming, water pollution, fire hazards, and health effects that are hazardous to both the environment and public health. Therefore, sustainable management of MSW and landfill leachate is critical, necessitating the use of more advanced techniques to lessen waste production and maximize recycling to assure environmental sustainability. The present review provides an updated overview of the global perspective of municipal waste generation, composition, landfill heat and leachate formation, and ecotoxicological effects, and also discusses integrated-waste management approaches for the sustainable management of municipal waste and landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohd Yatoo
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Basharat Hamid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tahir Ahmad Sheikh
- Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, India
| | - Shafat Ali
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Centre, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
- Waste Re-Processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Sudipta Ramola
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Md Niamat Ali
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Baba
- Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Waste Re-Processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
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Tiwari R, Upadhyay V, Bhat SA, Kumar S. Sewage treatment plant dust: An emerging concern for heavy metals-induced health risks in urban area. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169231. [PMID: 38072263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Metal-related pollution from dust is a significant source of toxic elements in urban areas. The present study aimed to assess the health risk posed by heavy metals present in dust samples to the people residing near the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Dust samples were collected from an STP with a capacity of 130 mega litres per day (MLD). Data analysis indicated highly contaminated STP dust with Enrichment Factor (EF) suggesting an anthropogenic origin of selected metals (As, Co, Al, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ba, Pb, Ni, Mn). The contamination factor values of metals highlighted a greater degree of contamination in the selected area. Notably, a strong correlation (>0.5) was observed between metals. The EF value was found to be >40 indicating high enrichment for all the metals except Fe. In-depth chemical analysis and health risk assessments were conducted, revealing an Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) value of 1 × 10-6 and HQ (Hazard Quotient) value of 1. These values are significantly exceeding the safe limits for both children and adults which could develop cancerous properties in human beings. In an effort to reduce toxicity, dust samples were also subjected to vermicomposting treatment to assess the potential effectiveness of the earthworms. The EF value of vermicomposted dust came out to be lower than the untreated one. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for adults exhibited the following pattern of HQing > HQder > HQinh (indicating that the Hazard Quotient from ingestion is greater than that from dermal contact, which is in turn greater than inhalation). This investigation offers crucial insights into the increased risks of cancerous and non-cancerous ailments for individuals living or working in proximity to STPs. This research also highlights the pressing need to implement effective measures for safeguarding public health and mitigating environmental pollution in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tiwari
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vidisha Upadhyay
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India.
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Dewi SK, Han ZM, Bhat SA, Zhang F, Wei Y, Li F. Effect of plastic mulch residue on plant growth performance and soil properties. Environ Pollut 2024; 343:123254. [PMID: 38160772 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plastic mulch is widely utilized for weed control, temperature regulation, soil erosion prevention, disease management, and soil structure improvement, ultimately enhancing crop quality and yield. However, a significant issue with conventional plastic mulches is their low recycling rates, which can cause plastic residue to build up, thereby damaging soil quality and reducing crop yield. The emergence of biodegradable films offers a promising solution to mitigate this issue and reduce soil pollution. However, its potential effects on soil properties and plant performance remain unclear. In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) were used to observe the effect of plastic mulch residues on soil properties and plant growth performance via potting experiment. Additionally, the interaction effects of compost and biochar as soil amendments with plastic mulch residues were also evaluated. The result of this study revealed that the type of plastic significantly affected the total nitrogen and magnesium uptake; however, the morphological traits of the tested plant (Japanese mustard spinach) were not significantly affected. The addition of compost and biochar led to a significant increase in both shoot and total dry weight of the plant, indicating a positive effect on its growth. The results of the two-way ANOVA indicated a significant influence of plastic type on dissolved phosphate (PO43-) levels and soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA). The interaction effect (plastic type with soil amendment) was statistically significant only for soil DHA. Neither plastic mulch residues nor soil amendments significantly affected other soil chemical properties. However, long-term experiments to systematically investigate the long-term effects of plastic residues are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiamita Kusuma Dewi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Zaw Min Han
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Fuping Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yongfen Wei
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Fusheng Li
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Khan A, Kamal T, Saad M, Ameen F, A Bhat S, Ahamad Khan M, Rahman F. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of nanoenhanced conjugate of Ag-doped ZnO nanorods with graphene oxide. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 290:122296. [PMID: 36610211 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a successful synthesis of ZnO nanorods using the microwave-assisted technique, solid-state reaction method was utilized for the preparation of Zn1-xAgxO (x = 0.05, 0.1), Hummer's modified method for graphene oxide (GO) along with the sonication method to prepare GO-based Ag-doped ZnO (Zn1-xAgxO/GO: x = 0.05, 0.1) nanocomposites. These nanorods and nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Raman spectroscopy for structural properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy for morphological analysis, and UV-Vis spectroscopy for optical properties. XRD, FTIR, and Raman measurements substantiated that each sample is well crystallized in the single-phase polycrystalline wurtzite hexagonal structure of ZnO. The average crystallite size is found to be in decreasing order ranges 40 nm to 29 nm, respectively, along with a significant reduction in the optical bandgap. The SEM images showed a clear evidence of nanorods of ZnO, while the EDX spectra verified the presence of Zn, Ag, O, and C elements in the synthesized samples with their nominal percentage. Furthermore, the prepared nanocomposites effectively inhibited the growth ofStaphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In comparison to pure ZnO nanorods, GO-based Ag-doped ZnO nanorods showed improved antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroz Khan
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India.
| | - Tausif Kamal
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India
| | - Md Saad
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S A Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mo Ahamad Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India
| | - F Rahman
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India
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Gudeta K, Kumar V, Bhagat A, Julka JM, Bhat SA, Ameen F, Qadri H, Singh S, Amarowicz R. Ecological adaptation of earthworms for coping with plant polyphenols, heavy metals, and microplastics in the soil: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14572. [PMID: 36994405 PMCID: PMC10040515 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, soil pollution by massive accumulation of heavy metals (HMs), microplastics, and refractory hydrocarbon chemicals has become an emerging and global concern, drawing worldwide attention. These pollutants influence soil diversity by hindering the reproduction, abundance, thereby affecting aboveground productivity. The scientific community has recently emphasized the contribution of earthworms to heavy metal accumulation, microplastic degradation, and the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, which helps maintain the soil structure. This review paper aimed to compile scientific facts on how earthworms cope with the effect of HMs, microplastics, and plant polyphenols so that vermiremediation could be widely applied for well-being of the soil ecosystem by environmentalists. Earthworms have special surface-active metabolites in their guts called drilodefensins that help them defend themselves against the oxidative action of plant polyphenols. They also combat the effects of toxic microplastics, and other oxidative compounds by elevating the antioxidant activities of their enzymes and converting them into harmless compounds or useful nutrients. Moreover, earthworms also act as biofilters, bioindicators, bioaccumulators, and transformers of oxidative polyphenols, microplastics, toxic HMs, and other pollutant hydrocarbons. Microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) in earthworms' gut of also assist in the fixation, accumulation, and transformation of these toxicants to prevent their effects. As a potential organism for application in ecotoxicology, it is recommended to propagate earthworms in agricultural fields; isolate, and culture enormously in industry, and inoculate earthworms in the polluted soil, thereby abate toxicity and minimizing the health effect caused by these pollutants as well enhance the productivity of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasahun Gudeta
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Adama Science and Technology University, Department of Applied Biology, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ankeet Bhagat
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Jatinder Mohan Julka
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Humaira Qadri
- Department of Environmental Sciences, J&K Higher Education Department, Govt. Degree College, Baramulla, 193101, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sumit Singh
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, 10-748, Poland
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Dey S, Anand U, Kumar V, Kumar S, Ghorai M, Ghosh A, Kant N, Suresh S, Bhattacharya S, Bontempi E, Bhat SA, Dey A. Microbial strategies for degradation of microplastics generated from COVID-19 healthcare waste. Environ Res 2023; 216:114438. [PMID: 36179880 PMCID: PMC9514963 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has led to the generation of massive plastic wastes, comprising of onetime useable gloves, masks, tissues, and other personal protective equipment (PPE). Recommendations for the employ of single-use disposable masks made up of various polymeric materials like polyethylene, polyurethane, polyacrylonitrile, and polypropylene, polystyrene, can have significant aftermath on environmental, human as well as animal health. Improper disposal and handling of healthcare wastes and lack of proper management practices are creating serious health hazards and an extra challenge for the local authorities designated for management of solid waste. Most of the COVID-19 medical wastes generated are now being treated by incineration which generates microplastic particles (MPs), dioxin, furans, and various toxic metals, such as cadmium and lead. Moreover, natural degradation and mechanical abrasion of these wastes can lead to the generation of MPs which cause a serious health risk to living beings. It is a major threat to aquatic lives and gets into foods subsequently jeopardizing global food safety. Moreover, the presence of plastic is also considered a threat owing to the increased carbon emission and poses a profound danger to the global food chain. Degradation of MPs by axenic and mixed culture microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, microalgae etc. can be considered an eco-sustainable technique for the mitigation of the microplastic menace. This review primarily deals with the increase in microplastic pollution due to increased use of PPE along with different disinfection methods using chemicals, steam, microwave, autoclave, and incineration which are presently being employed for the treatment of COVID-19 pandemic-related wastes. The biological treatment of the MPs by diverse groups of fungi and bacteria can be an alternative option for the mitigation of microplastic wastes generated from COVID-19 healthcare waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Dey
- Department of Botany, Shyampur Siddheswari Mahavidyalaya (affiliated to University of Calcutta), Howrah-711312, West Bengal, India.
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Waste Re-processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, Maharashtra, India; Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, GD Goenka University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, Haryana,122103, India.
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Waste Re-processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
| | - Nishi Kant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - S Suresh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, 462 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sayan Bhattacharya
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Nalanda, 803116, Bihar, India
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- Waste Re-processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, Maharashtra, India; River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
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Sharma S, Rana VS, Rana N, Sharma U, Gudeta K, Alharbi K, Ameen F, Bhat SA. Effect of Organic Manures on Growth, Yield, Leaf Nutrient Uptake and Soil Properties of Kiwifruit ( Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) cv. Allison. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3354. [PMID: 36501392 PMCID: PMC9741236 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, organic kiwifruit farming has come up as a feasible method for high-quality kiwi production without using chemical fertilizers. The primary objective of this research was to investigate how the sole application of organic and the combined application of organic manures affected the growth, yields, and quality of Allison kiwifruit, as well as the soil's physicochemical characteristics. The field trial was conducted on cv. Allison to determine the efficacy of organic manures (OM) on growth, nutrient absorption, production and soil health. The experiment involved eight treatments, viz.: T1: 100% Dairy manure (DM); T2: 100% Vermicompost (VC); T3: 100% chicken manure (CM); T4: 50% DM + 50% CM; T5: 50% DM + 50% VC; T6: 50% CM + 50% VC; T7: DM + CM + VC in equal proportions; and T8: Recommended nutrients inorganic NPK + 40 kg DM. A randomized complete block design comprising three replicas was used in this investigation. The use of inorganic fertilizers (NPK) in combination with DM enhanced Spad Values Chlorophyll, fruit production, leaf number, leaf area, and stem diameter while also improving the soil's chemical characteristics. The flower initiation was recorded with DM and Vermicompost (50:50). Furthermore, when compared to inorganic fertilizer treatment, OM treatment significantly improved fruit quality by improving fruit chemical composition in terms of soluble solids contents and leaf nutrient status, as well as improving soil's physical properties with DM and Vermicompost (50:50). The study's outcome revealed that OM had a significant impact on flowering time, fruit SSC, leaf nutritional status, and soil physical characteristics. In comparison to organic treatments, recommended fertilizer dosages (NPK + DM) improved plant growth, fruit yield, and soil chemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Sharma
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan 173230, India
| | - Vishal Singh Rana
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan 173230, India
| | - Neerja Rana
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Forestry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan 173230, India
| | - Umesh Sharma
- Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, College of Forestry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan 173230, India
| | - Kasahun Gudeta
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
- Department of Applied Biology, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Khadiga Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Alaguprathana M, Poonkothai M, Ameen F, Ahmad Bhat S, Mythili R, Sudhakar C. Sodium hydroxide pre-treated Aspergillus flavus biomass for the removal of reactive black 5 and its toxicity evaluation. Environ Res 2022; 214:113859. [PMID: 35841968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study was focused on the removal of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) from aqueous solution using pre treated Aspergillus flavus as a biosorbent. Pre-treatment of fungal biomass with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide facilitated the removal of dye effectively when compared to untreated fungal biomass. Optimum biosorption conditions for RB5 removal was determined as a function of dye concentration (50-400 mg/L), biosorbent concentration (100-500 mg/L), incubation time (1-7hrs), pH (3-8) and temperature (20-50 °C). At the optimum conditions, the maximum removal efficiency of RB5 achieved by NaOH pretreated A. flavus was 91%. The dye removal was studied kinetically and it obeys the pseudo-second order model and the experimental equilibrium data well fitted the Langmuir isotherm indicating monolayer adsorption of dye molecules on the biosorbent. The thermodynamic parameters such as a change in free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) were calculated and negative values of ΔG suggested that the dye removal process was spontaneous at all temperatures. Furthermore, the values of ΔH revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic. Recovery of RB5 from the fungal biomass was effective using 0.1 M Na2CO3 as an eluent. The interaction of adsorbate with biosorbent was analyzed using UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM and XRD analyses. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity studies revealed the non-toxic nature of the treated dye solution. Hence, the fungal biomass pretreated with NaOH was efficient in decolorizing RB5 as well as composite raw industrial effluent generated from dyeing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alaguprathana
- Department of Zoology, Adhiyaman Arts and Science College for Women, Uthangarai, Krishnagiri - 635 207, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Poonkothai
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore - 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - R Mythili
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal - 637501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Sudhakar
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal - 637501, Tamil Nadu, India
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IndraKumar Singh S, Singh WR, Bhat SA, Sohal B, Khanna N, Vig AP, Ameen F, Jones S. Vermiremediation of allopathic pharmaceutical industry sludge amended with cattle dung employing Eisenia fetida. Environ Res 2022; 214:113766. [PMID: 35780853 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to vermiremediate allopathic pharmaceutical industry sludge (AS) amended with cattle dung (CD), in different feed mixtures (AS:CD) i.e (AS0) 0:100 [Positive control], (AS25) 25:75, (AS50) 50:50, (AS75) 75:25 and (AS100) 100:0 [Negative Control] for 180 days using earthworm Eisenia fetida. The earthworms could thrive and grow well up to the AS75 feed mixture. In the final vermicompost, there were significant decreases in electrical conductivity (29.18-18.70%), total organic carbon (47.48-22.39%), total organic matter (47.47-22.36%), and C: N ratio (78.15-54.59%). While, significant increases in pH (9.06-16.47%), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (69.57-139.58%), total available phosphorus (30.30-81.56%), total potassium (8.92-22.22%), and total sodium (50.56-62.12%). The heavy metals like Cr (50-18.60%), Cd (100-75%), Pb (57.14-40%), and Ni (100-50%) were decreased, whereas Zn (8.37-53.77%), Fe (199.03-254.27%), and Cu (12.90-100%) increased significantly. The toxicity of the final vermicompost was shown to be lower in the Genotoxicity analysis, with values ranging between (76-42.33%). The germination index (GI) of Mung bean (Vigna radiata) showed a value ranging between 155.02 and 175.90%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed irregularities with high porosity of texture in the final vermicompost than in initial mixtures. Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra of final vermicompost had low peak intensities than the initial samples. The AS50 feed mixture was the most favorable for the growth and fecundity of Eisenia fetida, emphasizing the role of cattle dung in the vermicomposting process. Thus, it can be inferred that a cost-effective and eco-friendly method (vermicomposting) with the proper amendment of cattle dung and employing Eisenia fetida could transform allopathic sludge into a nutrient-rich, detoxified, stable, and mature vermicompost for agricultural purposes and further could serve as a stepping stone in the allopathic pharmaceutical industry sludge management strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soubam IndraKumar Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Waikhom Roshan Singh
- Manipur Pollution Control Board (MPCB), Imphal West, DC Office Complex, Imphal, 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Bhawana Sohal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Namita Khanna
- Department of Physiology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India; Punjab Pollution Control Board (PPCB), Vatavaran Bhawan, Nabha Road, Patiala, 147001, Punjab, India.
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumathi Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India
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Indhira D, Krishnamoorthy M, Ameen F, Bhat SA, Arumugam K, Ramalingam S, Priyan SR, Kumar GS. Biomimetic facile synthesis of zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles from Elaeagnus indica for enhanced photocatalytic activity. Environ Res 2022; 212:113323. [PMID: 35472463 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused on synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and CuO NPs using Elaeagnus indica leaf extract as reducing and stabilizing agents using Zn(O2CCH3)2 and Cu2SO4, respectively, for the first time. We have confirmed the formation of aggregated ZnO NPs and CuO NPs with phytochemicals by various spectral analyses and electron microscopy studies. The size of synthesized ZnO NPs and CuO NPs were in the range of 20-30 nm and 30-40 nm, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs at 75 μg concentration is superior against Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Aspergillus niger. While CuO nanoparticles with 75 μg concentration effectively inhibited S. typhimurium, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, and A. niger. Phytochemicals and reactive oxygen species generated by the prepared NPs may account for the antimicrobial effects observed. The photodegradation of methylene blue by ZnO NPs and CuO NPs was 91% and 76%, respectively, for 6 h of sunlight exposure. CuO NPs and ZnO NPs have different intrinsic properties and phytochemical compositions; hence ZnO NPs photodegrade faster than CuO NPs even though ZnO has higher bandgap energy than CuO. Consequently, CuO and ZnO NPs produced from E. indica leaf extract might be utilized as antimicrobials and photocatalysts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhatchanamoorthi Indhira
- Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, 637 215, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, 637 215, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Science, School of Health & Life Science, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley, TS13BX, England, UK
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kathirvel Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, 637 215, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan Ramalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, 637 215, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Selvaraj Ranjith Priyan
- Department of Physics, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindan Suresh Kumar
- Department of Physics, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Hassan S, Sabreena, Khurshid Z, Bhat SA, Kumar V, Ameen F, Ganai BA. Marine Bacteria and Omic Approaches: A Novel and Potential Repository for Bioremediation Assessment. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2299-2313. [PMID: 35818751 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Marine environments accommodating diverse assortments of life constitute a great pool of differentiated natural resources. The cumulative need to remedy unpropitious effects of anthropogenic activities on estuaries, and coastal marine ecosystems has propelled the development of effective bioremediation strategies. Marine bacteria producing biosurfactants are promising agents for bio-remediating oil pollution in marine environments, making them prospective candidates for enhancing oil recovery. Molecular omics technologies are considered an emerging field of research in ecological and diversity assessment owing to their utility in environmental surveillance and bioremediation of polluted sites. A thorough literature review was undertaken to understand the applicability of different omic techniques employed for bioremediation assessment using marine bacteria. This review further establishes that for bioremediation of environmental pollutants (i.e., heavy metals, hydrocarbons, xenobiotic and numerous recalcitrant compounds), organisms isolated from marine environments can be better utilized for their removal. The literature survey shows that omics approaches can provide exemplary knowledge about microbial communities and their role in the bioremediation of environmental pollutants. This review centres on applications of marine bacteria in enhanced bioremediation, utilizing the omics approaches that can be a vital biological contrivance in environmental monitoring to tackle environmental degradation. The paper aims to identify the gaps in investigations involving marine bacteria to help researchers, ecologists, and decision-makers to develop a holistic understanding regarding their utility in bioremediation assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Hassan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, India
| | - Sabreena
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, India
| | | | | | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh-495009, India
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sabreena, Hassan S, Bhat SA, Kumar V, Ganai BA, Ameen F. Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals: An Indispensable Contrivance in Green Remediation Technology. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:1255. [PMID: 35567256 PMCID: PMC9104525 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination is triggered by various anthropogenic activities, such as using pesticides, toxic chemicals, industrial effluents, and metals. Pollution not only affects both lotic and lentic environments but also terrestrial habitats, substantially endangering plants, animals, and human wellbeing. The traditional techniques used to eradicate the pollutants from soil and water are considered expensive, environmentally harmful and, typically, inefficacious. Thus, to abate the detrimental consequences of heavy metals, phytoremediation is one of the sustainable options for pollution remediation. The process involved is simple, effective, and economically efficient with large-scale extensive applicability. This green technology and its byproducts have several other essential utilities. Phytoremediation, in principle, utilizes solar energy and has an extraordinary perspective for abating and assembling heavy metals. The technique of phytoremediation has developed in contemporary times as an efficient method and its success depends on plant species selection. Here in this synthesis, we are presenting a scoping review of phytoremediation, its basic principles, techniques, and potential anticipated prospects. Furthermore, a detailed overview pertaining to biochemical aspects, progression of genetic engineering, and the exertion of macrophytes in phytoremediation has been provided. Such a promising technique is economically effective as well as eco-friendly, decontaminating and remediating the pollutants from the biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabreena
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India; (S.); (S.H.)
| | - Shahnawaz Hassan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India; (S.); (S.H.)
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Chhattisgarh, Bilaspur 495009, India;
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India; (S.); (S.H.)
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Cui G, Fu X, Bhat SA, Tian W, Lei X, Wei Y, Li F. Temperature impacts fate of antibiotic resistance genes during vermicomposting of domestic excess activated sludge. Environ Res 2022; 207:112654. [PMID: 34990606 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effect of temperature on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during vermicomposting of domestic excess sludge remains poorly understood. Vermicomposting experiment with excess sludge was conducted at three different temperatures (15 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C) to investigate the fate of ARGs, bacterial community and their relationship in the process. The vermicomposting at 25 °C did not significantly attenuate the targeted ARGs relative to that at 15 °C and 20 °C. The dynamics of qnrA, qnrS, and tetM genes during vermicomposting at 15 °C and 20 °C followed the first-order kinetic model. Temperature remarkably impacted bacterial diversity of the final products with the lowest Shannon index at 25 °C. The presence of the genus (Aeromonas and Chitinophagaceae) at 25 °C may contribute to the rebound of the genes (qnrA, qnrS and tetM). The study indicates that 20 °C is a suitable vermicomposting temperature to simultaneously reach the highest removal efficiency of the ARGs and the good biostability of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; Waste Reprocessing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020, India
| | - Weiping Tian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xuyang Lei
- Department of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Xingtai, 054000, China
| | - Yongfen Wei
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Fusheng Li
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Li J, Wang Y, Li W, Bhat SA, Wei Y, Deng Z, Hao X, Li F. Accumulation capability for cesium differs among bacterial species: A comprehensive study using bacteria isolated from freshwater and coastal sediment. Environ Pollut 2022; 292:118431. [PMID: 34743968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fate and behavior of radioactive cesium (Cs) in the water environment are of great concern. The involvement of bacteria regarding their accumulation capability for this element is the most fundamental factor that needs to be clarified even for exploring the interactions between many environmental factors that involve together in governing the transport and distribution of Cs. As the first systematical study that aimed to evaluate the accumulation capability of environmental bacteria for Cs, bacteria in the sediment of a freshwater reservoir and coastal water environment were isolated and multiplied for contact experiment with Cs under different temperature conditions (5, 25, and 35 °C). The accumulation concentration of Cs in bacteria from freshwater sediment varied in 3.95 × 10-6 to 5.68 × 10-4ng-Cs/cell, and that from coastal sediment in 1.52 × 10-6 to 7.41 × 10-4ng-Cs/cell, indicating obvious differences among bacterial species. Bacteria of coastal sediment possessed higher accumulation capability for Cs than bacteria from freshwater sediment, and temperature dependency was confirmed for bacteria from coastal sediment. The findings of this study have great reference value for better understanding and controlling the fate and behavior of radioactive Cs associated with bacteria in the water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Li
- Department of Architecture, Lu Liang University, Luliang, 033001, PR China.
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Life Science, Lu Liang University, Luliang, 033001, PR China; Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Wenjiao Li
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government Degree College Anantnag, Khanabal, Jammu and Kashmir, 192101, India; River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yongfen Wei
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Zhiyi Deng
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Fusheng Li
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Sohal B, Ahmad Bhat S, Vig AP. Vermiremediation and comparative exploration of physicochemical, growth parameters, nutrients and heavy metals content of biomedical waste ash via ecosystem engineers Eisenia fetida. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 227:112891. [PMID: 34649139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting of Biomedical waste ash (BA) by the earthworm Eisenia fetida was studied with cow dung (CD) as nutrient medium. For 105 days, experiment was carried out in seven vermireactors containing varying ratios of BA and CD. Earthworm activity significantly reduced the pH (8.61-7.24), Electrical conductivity (EC) (4.1-1.62), Total organic carbon (TOC) (38.6-14.92), and Carbon and nitrogen (C/N ratios) (145.4-8.2) of all BA ratios. Levels of Total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) (0.26-1.82), Total available phosphorus (TAP) (0.22-0.64), Total potassium (TK) (2.05-12.08), and Total sodium (TNa) (47.53-92.26) were found to be increasing in the postvermicompost mixture. Although heavy metals content decreased from initial to final, it becomes below the permissible limits in the end product. The results showed that earthworm growth and fecundity were best in vermireactors containing 10-25% of BA. The best reproduction and growth of earthworms, demonstrate the vermicomposting's ability to manage hazardous solid wastes like BA. Use of vermitechnology to manage BA has not been performed yet in any kind of the research. Finally, it was determined that vermicomposting can be incorporated into overall plan for BA management. Thus nutrient-rich, detoxified, and physiochemically stable product may be used safely in agricultural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Sohal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Government Degree College Anantnag, Khanabal, Jammu and Kashmir 192101, India.
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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Sohal B, Singh S, Singh SIK, Bhat SA, Kaur J, Singh J, Vig AP. Comparing the nutrient changes, heavy metals, and genotoxicity assessment before and after vermicomposting of thermal fly ash using Eisenia fetida. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:48154-48170. [PMID: 33904127 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash (FA) is available in an unstable state and can be ameliorated by vermicomposting. The different ratios of FA viz (FA10, FA15, FA20, FA25, FA50, FA75) were mixed with another organic waste, i.e., cattle dung. Supportive effects of FA were seen on the reproductive parameters of the earthworms up to FA25. Some beneficial changes have been reported in pH, EC, TOC, TKN, TAP, TNa, TK, and potentially toxic heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb). The genotoxicity test was performed to assess the toxic effects of the fly ash which has not been done till now. Low genotoxicity potential and high onion root growth were observed in the post-vermicompost samples which were not even reported yet by any other study. These results clearly indicated that the vermicomposting process offers the best option to manage the FA by converting it into an ecofriendly, nutrient-rich, and properly detoxified manure with the help of earthworms which also indicate its economically best-fit applications for the large scale agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Sohal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sharanpreet Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | | | | | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Zoology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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Li W, Li J, Ahmad Bhat S, Wei Y, Deng Z, Li F. Elimination of antibiotic resistance genes from excess activated sludge added for effective treatment of fruit and vegetable waste in a novel vermireactor. Bioresour Technol 2021; 325:124695. [PMID: 33465648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elimination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from excess activated sludge (EAS) mixed for effective treatment of different fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) by using a novel vermireactor consisted of substrate and bed compartments was investigated. ARGs (tet G, tet M and sul 1) and mobile genetic element gene (intl 1) were targeted and, through quantitative analysis of their abundances in both the compartments and the fresh cast of earthworms, significant reductions in substrate compartments were confirmed for the treatments for FVW added with EAS and EAS alone even if the reduction extents differed among the types of FVW. Apparent reductions were not found in the bed compartment where the final products accumulated. For the fresh cast, the relative abundances of ARGs and intl 1 against to the total bacterial 16S rDNA decreased markedly. The present study provided an insight for proper controlling of ARGs during vermicomposting of FVW and EAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Li
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Jiefeng Li
- Department of Architecture, Lu Liang University, Lishi, Shanxi 033000, China
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yongfen Wei
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Zhiyi Deng
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Fusheng Li
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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Li W, Su H, Li J, Bhat SA, Cui G, Han ZM, Nadya DS, Wei Y, Li F. Distribution of extracellular and intracellular antibiotic resistance genes in sludge fractionated in terms of settleability. Sci Total Environ 2021; 760:143317. [PMID: 33223182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a serious environmental and human health issue. Wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) are potential sources to spread ARGs to natural environment, for which, the presence state of ARGs in the sludge, as extracellular ones (eARGs) or intracellular ones (iARGs), along with the sludge settleability, are very important factors. The sludge settleability is closely associated with its floc size and density, bacterial activity, and the proportion of intact/damaged bacterial cells that aggregate together to form flocs for separation in the sedimentation process. It is reasonable to hypothesize that the distribution of eARGs and iARGs may differ with the sludge fractions of different settleability, a topic of great academic and practical significance requiring clarification. In this study, sludge samples from the aerobic contact tank of six household WWTFs were fractionated into fractions with different settling velocities: sludge of low settleability (LS), medium settleability (MS) and high settleability (HS); and the distribution of eARGs and iARGs in the obtained fractions for the widely detected tet G, tet M and sul 1 in water environment was evaluated based on the PMA-qPCR method, together with the evaluation for the well reported mobile genomic element intl 1 and total bacterial 16S rDNA. For the LS fractions, which contained more damaged bacterial cells, the distribution percentages of eARGs were generally higher than those of iARGs. For the HS fractions, which contained flocs with larger sizes formed by both intact and damaged bacterial cells, the relative abundances of ARGs and intl 1 were found apparently lower even if the presence percentages of eARGs were comparatively higher. It is thus inferable that sludge fractions of LS may possess higher transfer potential for ARGs and enhancing their settleability through optimization of the operation conditions is important for mitigating the proliferation of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Li
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Haoning Su
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Jiefeng Li
- Department of Architecture, Lu Liang University, Lishi, Shanxi 033000, China
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Guangyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zaw Min Han
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Diva Sagita Nadya
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yongfen Wei
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Fusheng Li
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Li W, Bhat SA, Li J, Cui G, Wei Y, Yamada T, Li F. Effect of excess activated sludge on vermicomposting of fruit and vegetable waste by using novel vermireactor. Bioresour Technol 2020; 302:122816. [PMID: 32004813 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the effect of excess activated sludge (EAS) on vermicomposting of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW). For this, a novel vermireactor consists of substrate and bed compartments was used for treating five types of FVW (banana peels, cabbage, lettuce, carrot, and potato) with and without the addition of EAS by earthworms. The EAS promoted the growth and cocoon production of earthworms, and the decomposition efficiency of FVW. The changes of dehydrogenase activity revealed that the EAS enhanced the microbial activity in all treatments except for the carrot. The organic matter content, total carbon and the C/N ratio showed a significant decrease after addition of EAS into FVW. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus was also improved in the final products after vermicomposting. This study suggested that the addition of EAS could be a feasible option to enhance the vermicomposting of FVW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Li
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Jiefeng Li
- Department of Architecture, Lu Liang University, Lishi, Shanxi 033000, China
| | - Guangyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongfen Wei
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamada
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Fusheng Li
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Bhat SA, Cui G, Li W, Wei Y, Li F. Effect of heavy metals on the performance and bacterial profiles of activated sludge in a semi-continuous reactor. Chemosphere 2020; 241:125035. [PMID: 31606576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are toxic to microorganisms at specific concentrations and can have a serious effect on the efficiency of biological wastewater treatment plants. The wastewater treatment performance and bacterial communities of activated sludge were investigated at different heavy metal concentrations (0.1-10 mg L-1 for Cd(II), Pb(II) and 1-100 mg L-1 for Cu(II)) in a well-controlled semi-continuous reactor in 30 d period. Glucose was added once every 8 h as the carbon source throughout the experiment. The heavy metal toxicity was related to chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, bacterial activity and community composition. The first-order consumption rate for glucose showed that the activity was decreasing in comparison to the control. The COD removal efficiency was also decreased from 87% to 26% in all the reactors under different heavy metal concentrations treatment. The PCR-DGGE and sequencing results revealed that the bacterial diversity showed evident variations under heavy metal stress owing to the potential toxicity of heavy metals. At the genus level, Pedobacter steynii and Flavobacterium, were only tolerant to Cu(II) at 100 mg L-1, while Rhodanobacter thiooxydans resisted to all heavy metal concentrations except Cu(II) 100 mg L-1. Cluster analysis and Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the microbial community in Cu(II) was different from the sludge samples treated with Cd(II) and Pb(II) concentrations. The study indicated that it is necessary to identify the metal tolerant species of bacteria for maintaining good performance of biological wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Guangyu Cui
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenjiao Li
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yongfen Wei
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Fusheng Li
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Cui G, Bhat SA, Li W, Wei Y, Kui H, Fu X, Gui H, Wei C, Li F. Gut digestion of earthworms significantly attenuates cell-free and -associated antibiotic resistance genes in excess activated sludge by affecting bacterial profiles. Sci Total Environ 2019; 691:644-653. [PMID: 31326798 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting can significantly attenuate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the excess activated sludge (EAS). However, the effect of earthworms, especially the effect of gut digestion as a critical step in the vermicomposting process, remains unclarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of ARGs (cell-free and -associated) in EAS to gut digestion of earthworms and to clarify the possible mechanism from the viewpoint of bacterial community through quantitative polymer chain reaction (q-PCR) and high throughput sequencing. Compared to the initial sludge, the earthworm casts were observed to have significantly lower absolute abundances of ARGs, especially qnrS, tetM, and tetX with the removal exceeding 90%. Cell-free and -associated ARGs (except sul1 and tetG) had equivalent contributions to the attenuation of each ARG. Remarkable reductions of bacterial number and alpha diversity (chao1 and Shannon) were detected in the casts. Spearman correlation analysis between the targeted genes and bacterial community indicates that twelve different phyla mainly including Acidobacteria, Euryarchaeota, Deinococcus-Thermus, Chlorobi, Firmicutes, Fibrobacteres, and Proteobacteria are the potential ARGs hosts, suggesting that the fate and behaviour of these hosts during gut digestion of EAS by earthworms substantially determined the dynamics of the ARGs. These findings increase our understanding of earthworm gut digestion as an important process for the attenuation of ARGs in EAS, and contribute towards preventing their release into the total environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Wenjiao Li
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yongfen Wei
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Huang Kui
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hongjie Gui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tan Kah Kee College, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363105, China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fusheng Li
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Cui G, Li F, Li S, Bhat SA, Ishiguro Y, Wei Y, Yamada T, Fu X, Huang K. Changes of quinolone resistance genes and their relations with microbial profiles during vermicomposting of municipal excess sludge. Sci Total Environ 2018; 644:494-502. [PMID: 29990900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes abundant in municipal excess sludge reduce the agricultural value of vermicompost. However, little attention has been paid on the fate and behavior of the problem-causing agents in vermicomposting. In this study, the fate and behavior of quinolone resistance genes in excess activated sludge during vermicomposting were studied with reactors introduced with Eisenia fetida for three different densities. The substrate pile without earthworms was operated as control in parallel. The results showed that earthworms could significantly reduce the absolute abundance of quinolone resistance genes in the excess sludge, with a reduction ratio of 85.6-100% for qnr A and 92.3-95.3% for qnr S, respectively (p < 0.05). For microbial profiles, both the dehydrogenase activity and the abundance of microbes (16S rDNA) revealed a distinct decreasing trend after 7 days from the start of the experiment; however, the bacterial diversity in the final products seemed to be enriched with the emergence of the uncultured Flavobacteriales bacterium and uncultured Anaerolineaceae bacterium. Redundancy analysis revealed clearly that the qnr genes had positive correlations with the targeted indexes of microbial profiles, with the correlations with the bacterial abundance and dehydrogenase activity being more statistically significant than the bacterial diversity (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggested that earthworms could promote the attenuation of quinolone resistance genes in the excess sludge through lowering the bacterial abundance and activity, and the promotion effect could be enhanced by increasing the density of earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Cui
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Fusheng Li
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Shuailei Li
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishiguro
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yongfen Wei
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamada
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Kui Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Bhat SA, Singh S, Singh J, Kumar S, Vig AP. Bioremediation and detoxification of industrial wastes by earthworms: Vermicompost as powerful crop nutrient in sustainable agriculture. Bioresour Technol 2018; 252:172-179. [PMID: 29321101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vermicompost is the final product of the vermicomposting process involving the collective action of earthworms and microbes. During this process, the waste is converted into useful manure by reducing the harmful effects of waste. Toxicity of industrial wastes is evaluated by plant bioassays viz. Allium cepa and Vicia faba test. These bioassays are sensitive and cost-effective for the monitoring of environmental contamination. The valorization potential of earthworms and their ability to detoxify heavy metals in industrial wastes is because of their strong metabolic system and involvement of earthworm gut microbes and chloragocyte cells. Most of the studies reported that the vermicompost produced from organic wastes contains higher amounts of humic substances, which plays a major role in growth of plants. The present article discusses the detoxification of industrial wastes by earthworms and the role of final vermicompost in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Sharanpreet Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- P.G. Department of Zoology, Khalsa College, Amritsar 143001, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
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Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP. Amelioration and degradation of pressmud and bagasse wastes using vermitechnology. Bioresour Technol 2017; 243:1097-1104. [PMID: 28764116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the amelioration of pressmud (PM) and bagasse (BG) wastes by the vermiremediation process. The wastes were spiked with cattle dung (CD) in different concentrations to find out the best proportion supporting maximum earthworm growth and nutrients availability. The highest growth rate was observed in PMBG50 (282.2mg/d/worm) feed mixture. Response surface design of earthworm growth parameters enumerated best concentration of wastes in CD with maximum value of 21.81% for earthworm number, 30.86% for earthworm weight, 27.09% for cocoons, 29.71% for hatchlings and 34.0% for hatchlings weight. Vermicomposting enhanced nutrient parameters like pH (6-8%), total kjeldahl nitrogen (19-48%), total phosphorus (9-67%), total calcium (13-111%), while decrease in total organic carbon (14-32%), electrical conductivity (21-30%), C:N ratio (36-51%), total potassium (9-19%) and total sodium (3-21%). Heavy metals in the final products were found to be under safe limits. SEM micrographs were more fragmented which indicated maturity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | | | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
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Bhat SA, Singh NK, Singh H, Rath SS. Molecular prevalence of Babesia bigemina in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks infesting cross-bred cattle of Punjab, India. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2017; 2:85-90. [PMID: 29774285 PMCID: PMC5952690 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesiosis is an economically important tick-borne apicomplexan protozoan disease of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. In the present study, Rhipicephalus microplus engorged female ticks were collected from 135 apparently healthy cattle from different agro-climatic zones of Punjab, India, to investigate the carrier status of Babesia bigemina infection in vector tick by using microscopy and PCR based assays. PCR when applied on DNA extracted from the egg masses harvested from ticks showed 1.48% (2/135) samples as positive, whereas 4.44% (6/135) samples were positive when product of primary PCR was used as template in nPCR. Further, among the DNA samples isolated from the unfed larval stages that emerged from egg masses laid by ticks, only 1.48% (2/135) samples were detected as positive for B. bigemina in PCR, while 7.41% (10/135) samples were detected positive in nPCR assay. Statistically, non-significant (p > 0.05) difference in prevalence rates was observed across different agro-climatic zones and between different age groups of cattle from which engorged ticks were collected. It can, thus, be concluded that prevalence of B. bigemina in the vector tick, R. microplus in Punjab state of India indicates an endemic status of the organism and a further study is needed for the management and control of the bovine babesiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bhat
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141 004, Punjab, India
| | - N K Singh
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141 004, Punjab, India
| | - H Singh
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141 004, Punjab, India
| | - S S Rath
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141 004, Punjab, India
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Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP. Genotoxicity reduction in bagasse waste of sugar industry by earthworm technology. Springerplus 2016; 5:1186. [PMID: 27516924 PMCID: PMC4963344 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the genotoxicity reduction in post vermicompost feed mixtures of bagasse (B) waste using earthworm Eisenia fetida. The genotoxicity of bagasse waste was determined by using Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay. Bagasse was amended with cattle dung in different proportions [0:100 (B0) 25:75 (B25), 50:50 (B50), 75:25 (B75) and 100:0 (B100)] on dry weight basis. Genotoxic effects of initial and post vermicompost bagasse extracts were analysed on the root tips cells of Allium cepa. Root length and mitotic index (MI) was found to be increased in post vermicompost extracts when compared to initial bagasse waste. The maximum percent increase of root length was observed in the B50 bagasse extract (96.60 %) and the maximum MI was observed in B100 mixture (14.20 ± 0.60) 6 h treatment which was similar to the control. Genotoxicity analysis of post vermicompost extracts of bagasse revealed a 21-44 % decline in the aberration frequencies and the maximum reduction was found in B75 extract (44.50 %). The increase in root length and mitotic index, as well as decrease in chromosomal aberrations indicates that E. fetida has the ability to reduce the genotoxicity of the bagasse waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- PG Department of Zoology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
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Abstract
The present paper discusses the role of earthworms in recycling of sugar industrial wastes. The wastes generated from sugar industry are pressmud, bagasse, bagasse fly ash, sugar cane trash, sugar beet mud, sugar beet pulp, molasses etc. These wastes when mixed with other organic substrates become ideal mixtures for growth of earthworms. These wastes if stored in open field’s causes contamination in the environment and may cause several diseases in public health. But the governments have been unable to tackle the menace of solid waste pollution due to dearth of appropriate technologies, finance and space. Therefore, environment friendly and cost effective technologies for nutrient recycling or remediation of wastes are being advocated as an alternative means for conserving and replenishing natural resources of the ecosystems. Vermicomposting is one such technology that synergises microbial degradation with earthworm’s activity for reducing, reusing and recycling waste materials in a shorter span of time. Earthworm technology can convert sugar industrial wastes into valuable fertilizing material. The final product (vermicompost) produced during the process of vermicomposting is nutrient rich organic fertilizer with plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. In the present study an attempt has been made to document the role of earthworms in reuse of sugar industry waste.
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Abstract
The present paper discusses the role of earthworms in recycling of sugar industrial wastes. The wastes generated from sugar industry are pressmud, bagasse, bagasse fly ash, sugar cane trash, sugar beet mud, sugar beet pulp, molasses etc. These wastes when mixed with other organic substrates become ideal mixtures for growth of earthworms. These wastes if stored in open field’s causes contamination in the environment and may cause several diseases in public health. But the governments have been unable to tackle the menace of solid waste pollution due to dearth of appropriate technologies, finance and space. Therefore, environment friendly and cost effective technologies for nutrient recycling or remediation of wastes are being advocated as an alternative means for conserving and replenishing natural resources of the ecosystems. Vermicomposting is one such technology that synergises microbial degradation with earthworm’s activity for reducing, reusing and recycling waste materials in a shorter span of time. Earthworm technology can convert sugar industrial wastes into valuable fertilizing material. The final product (vermicompost) produced during the process of vermicomposting is nutrient rich organic fertilizer with plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. In the present study an attempt has been made to document the role of earthworms in reuse of sugar industry waste.
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Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP. Effect on Growth of Earthworm and Chemical Parameters During Vermicomposting of Pressmud Sludge Mixed with Cattle Dung Mixture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bhat SA, Singh H, Singh NK, Rath SS. Molecular detection of Babesia bigemina infection in apparently healthy cattle of central plain zone of Punjab. J Parasit Dis 2015; 39:649-53. [PMID: 26688628 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine babesiosis is an important tick-borne disease caused by the parasites belonging to the genus Babesia, distributed worldwide and infecting a wide range of domesticated and wild cattle, occasionally man. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of B. bigemina infection in apparently healthy cattle from central plain zone of Punjab, India. Examination of Giemsa-stained peripheral thin blood smears revealed 2.45 % (5/204) animals to be positive for piroplasms of B. bigemina. However, genomic DNA isolated from these blood samples when subjected to primary PCR revealed a positivity of 7.35 % (15/204) as detected by the amplification of a 278-bp product in the agarose gel. PCR products obtained from the primary PCR of B. bigemina, when employed as template in nested PCR produced the amplicons of desired size (170 bp) was detected in 30.39 % (62/204) of the samples. It can thus be concluded that B. bigemina infection is prevalent in apparently healthy cattle population of this region and PCR assays can serve as a valuable tool for epidemiological studies in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bhat
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141 004 Punjab India
| | - Harkirat Singh
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141 004 Punjab India
| | - N K Singh
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141 004 Punjab India
| | - S S Rath
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141 004 Punjab India
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Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP. Vermistabilization of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L) waste produced from sugar factory using earthworm Eisenia fetida: Genotoxic assessment by Allium cepa test. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:11236-11254. [PMID: 25794577 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, sugar beet mud (SBM) and pulp (SBP) produced as a waste by-products of the sugar industry were mixed with cattle dung (CD) at different ratios on dry weight basis for vermicomposting with Eisenia fetida. Minimum mortality and highest population of worms were observed in 20:80 (SBM20) mixture of SBM and 10:90 (SBP10) ratios. However, increased percentages of wastes significantly affected the growth and fecundity of worms. Nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, increased from initial feed mixture to final products (i.e., vermicompost), while organic carbon (OC), C:N ratio and electrical conductivity (EC) declined in all the products of vermicomposting. Although there was an increase in the contents of all the heavy metals except copper, chromium, and iron in SBM, the contents were less than the international standards for compost which indicates that the vermicompost can be used in the fields without any ill effects on the soil. Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay was used to evaluate the genotoxicity of pre- and post-vermicomposted SBM to understand the effect of vermicomposting on the reduction of toxicity. Genotoxicity analysis of post-vermicomposted samples of SBM revealed 18-75% decline in the aberration frequencies. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was recorded to identify the changes in texture in the control and vermicomposted samples. The vermicomposted mixtures in the presence of earthworms confirm more numerous surface irregularities that prove to be good manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India,
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Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP. Potential utilization of bagasse as feed material for earthworm Eisenia fetida and production of vermicompost. Springerplus 2015; 4:11. [PMID: 25625035 PMCID: PMC4302158 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-014-0780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present work bagasse (B) i.e waste of the sugar industry, was fed to Eisenia fetida with cattle dung (CD) support as feed material at various ratios (waste: CD) of 0:100 (B0), 25:75 (B25), 50:50 (B50), 75:25 (B75) and 100:0 (B100) on dry weight basis. Co-composting with cattle dung helped to improve their acceptability for E. fetida and also improved physico-chemical characteristics. Best appropriate ratio for survival, maximum growth and population buildup of E. fetida was determined by observing population buildup, growth rate, biomass, mortality and cocoon formation. Minimum mortality and highest population size of worms was observed in 50:50 (B50) ratio. Increasing concentrations of wastes significantly affected the growth and reproduction of worms. Nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and sodium increased from pre-vermicompost to post-vermicompost, while organic carbon, and C:N ratio decreased in all the end products of post-vermicomposting. Heavy metals decreased significantly from initial except zinc, iron and manganese which increased significantly. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to recognize the changes in texture in the pre and post-vermicomposted samples. The post-vermicomposted ratios in the presence of earthworms validate more surface changes that prove to be good manure. The results observed from the present study indicated that the earthworm E. fetida was able to change bagasse waste into nutrient-rich manure and thus play a major role in industrial waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Science, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Science, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Abstract
Due to high monetary turnover in business, white pigeon keeping for game purposes is gaining more popularity in Punjab. Overcrowding and poor management by undertrained naive farmers make these birds more susceptible to diseases not known so far in this region. A farmer reported that about a hundred pigeons were unable to feed properly and regurgitate feed. Birds lost body condition gradually, and three among these died. Both alive and dead pigeons were presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC) for detailed examination. All these pigeons were found to be cachectic with wasting of breast muscles. On necropsy, no significant gross lesions were recorded in most of the visceral organs, except mottling of the liver. However, in the oral cavity, gray Turkish towel-like lesions were seen at the opening of the pharynx which continued into the larynx and proximal esophagus. Microscopic examination of material scrapped from lesions revealed a large number of budding yeast-like organisms and pseudohyphae, suggestive of Candida spp. Histologically, marked necrosis and sloughing of oral and esophageal mucosal epithelium with the presence of pyogranulomatous inflammation containing a large number of Candida organism were observed. To the authors' knowledge, there seems to be no outbreak of thrush in pigeons in Punjab previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Mugale
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Khalsa College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Amritsar, Punjab India
| | - Abid Ali Bhat
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Khalsa College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Amritsar, Punjab India
| | - D S Gavhane
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Khalsa College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Amritsar, Punjab India
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Khalsa College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Amritsar, Punjab India
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Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP. Genotoxic assessment and optimization of pressmud with the help of exotic earthworm Eisenia fetida. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:8112-8123. [PMID: 24671397 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity of pressmud (PM) to Allium cepa was investigated to assess its toxic potential and to elucidate the effect of vermicomposting to reduce its toxicity. The PM produced as a waste by product of the sugar cane industry was mixed with cow dung (CD) at different ratios of 0:100 (V₀), 25:75 (V₂₅), 50:50 (V₅₀), 75:25 (V₇₅) and 100:0 (V100) (PM:CD) on a dry weight basis for vermicomposting with Eisenia fetida. Different concentrations of 100% PM sludge extract (10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) and negative control (distilled water) and positive control (maleic hydrazide) were analyzed with A. cepa assay to evaluate frequency of chromosomal aberrations before and after vermicomposting. Percent aberration was greatest (30.8%) after exposure to 100% PM extract after 6 h but was reduced to 20.3% after vermicomposting. Exposure to the extract induced c-mitosis, delayed anaphase, laggards, stickiness and vagrant aberrations. Microscopic examination of root meristem exposed to PM sludge extract showed significant inhibition of mitotic index. Also, the mitotic index decreased with increase in concentration of PM sludge extract. After vermicomposting the mitotic index was increased. However, increasing percentages of PM significantly affected the growth and fecundity of the worms and maximum population size was reached in the 25:75 (PM:CD) feed mixture. Nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, electrical conductivity (EC) and pH increased from initial feed mixture to the final products (i.e., vermicompost), while organic carbon, C/N ratio and potassium declined in all products of vermicomposting. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was recorded to identify the changes in texture with numerous surface irregularities and high porosity that proves to be good vermicompost manure. It could be concluded that vermicomposting could be an important tool to reduce the toxicity of PM as evidenced by the results of genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Bhat SA, Juyal PD, Singh NK, Singla LD. Coprological investigation on neonatal bovine cryptosporidiosis in Ludhiana, Punjab. J Parasit Dis 2014; 37:114-7. [PMID: 24431551 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-012-0143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An overall prevalence of 38.90 % was recorded for bovine cryptosporidiosis on coprological examination of 144 faecal samples collected from neonatal cattle calves from organised dairy farms in and around Ludhiana, Punjab by modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Further, a gradual decline in the percent prevalence was seen with increase in the age of the host from <1 month (64.1 %) to 4-5 months (12.5 %). The highest prevalence was recorded during the monsoon season (47.06 %) followed by summer (37.73 %) and winter (30.0 %) season and the seasonal variation was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). Female calves showed higher prevalence (44.32 %) than their male counterparts (27.66 %). Further, prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the diarrhoeic calves (52.70 %) as compared to the non-diarrhoeic (24.28 %) thus indicating a relatively higher risk (1.75 times) of the disease in diarrhoeic than normal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bhat
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - P D Juyal
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - N K Singh
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - L D Singla
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
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Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP. Vermiremediation of dyeing sludge from textile mill with the help of exotic earthworm Eisenia fetida Savigny. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2013; 20:5975-5982. [PMID: 23508537 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was for the vermiremediation of dyeing sludge from textile mill into nutrient-rich vermicompost using earthworm Eisenia fetida. The dyeing sludge was mixed with cattle dung in different ratios, i.e., 0:100 (D0), 25:75 (D25), 50:50 (D50), 75:25 (D75), and 100:0 (D100) with earthworms, and 0:100 (S0), 25:75 (S25), 50:50 (S50), 75:25 (S75), and 100:0 (S100) without earthworms. Minimum mortality and maximum population build-up were observed in a 25:75 mixture. Nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, and pH increased from the initial to the final products with earthworms, while electrical conductivity, C/N ratio, organic carbon, and potassium declined in all the feed mixtures. Vermicomposting with E. fetida was better for composting to change this sludge into nutrient-rich manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Bhat SA, Dixit M, Juyal PD, Singh NK. Comparison of nested PCR and microscopy for the detection of cryptosporidiosis in bovine calves. J Parasit Dis 2012; 38:101-5. [PMID: 24505186 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-012-0201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The comparative efficacies of different conventional parasitological methods and nested PCR for diagnosis of bovine cryptosporidiosis in faecal samples were evaluated. Among the 100 samples collected from calves in and around Ludhiana Direct faecal smear staining technique revealed 25.0 % positivity for the oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. with sensitivity and specificity of 68.12 and 92.98 %, respectively. Zinc sulphate solution floatation and saturated sugar solution floatation staining techniques showed sensitivity and specificity of 83.92 and 96.36; 81.03 and 98.14 %, respectively. Products of the primary PCR of Cryptosporidium spp. directed against small subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA when employed as template in nested PCR produced the amplicons of desired size (834 bp) in 47.0 % of the samples. Amplification of 834 bp fragment was also observed in positive control, while no amplification was observed in negative control. Results indicated PCR assays as highly sensitive and specific techniques for the screening of the samples for Cryptosporidium spp. but in developing countries and under field conditions where limited resources do not allow the application of PCR assays, concentration staining methods are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bhat
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - M Dixit
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - P D Juyal
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - N K Singh
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
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Bhat SA, Czuczman MS. Novel antibodies in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Neth J Med 2009; 67:311-321. [PMID: 19767657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have revolutionised the treatment of malignancies, especially non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Antibody-based therapies target tumour cells expressing a specific antigen while sparing the majority of normal cells leading to a decrease in treatment-associated toxicity. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against CD20 on B cells, was the first monoclonal antibody to be approved by the US Food and Drug Association (FDA) in 1997 for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory, follicular or low-grade NHL . However, it was soon realised that not all patients respond to rituximab therapy and close to 60% of patients with follicular lymphoma who were previously sensitive to rituximab become 'resistant' to repeat rituximab therapy. This led to further attempts to improve the antitumour activity of anti-CD20 mAbs (i.e. 2nd/3rd generation anti-CD20s), and to identify additional potential targets on lymphoma cells other than CD20. A number of these antibodies directed against lymphoma cell targets other than CD20 are now undergoing development, many of which are currently in clinical trials. This manuscript focuses on an overview of these 'non-anti-CD20' novel mAbs for NHL.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- CD2 Antigens/immunology
- CD40 Antigens/immunology
- CD52 Antigen
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Humans
- Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
- Ki-1 Antigen/immunology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology
- Rituximab
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bhat
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Choh NA, Choh SA, Naikoo B, Bhat SA, Jehangir M. Circumferential aortic dissection. Case Reports 2009; 2009:bcr2008139758. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.2008.139758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Choh
- Department of Pediatrics, SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar, India.
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