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Suh SM, Kim K, Yang SM, Lee H, Jun M, Byun J, Lee H, Kim D, Lee D, Cha JE, Kim JS, Kim E, Park ZY, Kim HY. Comparative analysis of LC-MS/MS and real-time PCR assays for efficient detection of potential allergenic silkworm. Food Chem 2024; 445:138761. [PMID: 38367561 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The silkworm (Bombyx mori) has long been valued food and feed in East Asia for its abundant nutritional and medicinal attributes, conversely, it can elicit allergic responses in susceptible individuals. Therefore, the development of silkworm detection method is required to avert allergenic incidents. In this study, two methodologies, tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and real-time PCR, were developed to achieve effective silkworm detection. These methods exhibited exceptional sensitivity in identifying silkworm presence in processed foods. Furthermore, model cookies spiked with silkworm were used to validate the sensitivities of LC-MS/MS (0.0005%) and real-time PCR (0.001%). Overall, these techniques were useful for trace silkworm detection in food products; therefore, they may help prevent allergic reactions. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first comparison of LC-MS/MS and real-time PCR methods for silkworm detection, marking an important contribution to the field. Data are available from ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD042494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Man Suh
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Kim
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Jun
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Byun
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongjoo Lee
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Kim
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dain Lee
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Cha
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Su Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eiseul Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Zee-Yong Park
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Tsukamoto A, Jae Man L, Oyama K, Masuda A, Mon H, Ueda T, Kusakabe T. Effective expression and characterization of the receptor binding domains in SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins from original strain and variants of concern using Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus in silkworm. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 218:106450. [PMID: 38395208 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
A new coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for the global pandemic of COVID-19 in 2020. Through structural analysis, it was found that several amino acid residues in the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (hACE2) receptor directly interact with those in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike glycoprotein (S-protein). Various cell lines, including HEK293, HeLa cells, and the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) with the insect cell line Sf9, have been utilized to produce the RBD. In this study, we investigated the use of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) and BEVS. For efficient production of a highly pure recombinant RBD protein, we designed it with two tags (His tag and STREP tag) at the C-terminus and a solubilizing tag (SUMO) at the N-terminus. After expressing the protein using BmNPV and silkworm and purifying it with a HisTrap excel column, the eluted protein was digested with SUMO protease and further purified using a Strep-Tactin Superflow column. As a result, we obtained the RBD as a monomer with a yield of 2.6 mg/10 mL serum (equivalent to 30 silkworms). The RBD showed an affinity for the hACE2 receptor. Additionally, the RBDs from the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants were expressed and purified using the same protocol. It was found that the RBD from the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants could be obtained with yields of 1.4-2.6 mg/10 mL serum and had an affinity to the hACE2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Lee Jae Man
- Laboratory of Creative Science for Insect Industries, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kosuke Oyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akitsu Masuda
- Laboratory of Creative Science for Insect Industries, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mon
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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3
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Xiong J, Zhang Z, Wang G, Gao B, Chen P. [Identification and expression pattern analysis of a secretory phospholipase A2 gene in Bombyx mori]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2024; 40:1225-1236. [PMID: 38658159 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms, and it plays an important role in many physiological activities. In a previous study, we have identified a secretory PLA2 in Bombyx mori (BmsPLA2-1-1). In this study, we further identified four new sPLA2 genes (BmsPLA2-1-2, BmsPLA2-2, BmsPLA2-3, and BmsPLA2-4) in B. mori genome. All four genes exhibits the characteristic features of sPLA2, including the sPLA2 domain, metal binding sites, and highly conserved catalytic domain. This study completed the cloning, in vitro expression, and expression pattern analysis of the BmsPLA2-4 gene in B. mori. The full length of BmsPLA2-4 is 585 bp, and the recombinant protein obtained through prokaryotic expression has an estimated size of 25 kDa. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of BmsPLA2-4 reached its peak on the first day of the fifth instar larval stage. Tissue expression profiling analysis showed that BmsPLA2-4 had the highest expression level in the midgut, followed by the epidermis and fat body. Western blotting analysis results were consistent with those of qRT-PCR. Furthermore, after infecting fifth instar 1-day-old larvae with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the expression level of the BmsPLA2-4 gene significantly increased in 24 h. The findings of this study provides a theoretical basis and valuable experimental data for future related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Xiong
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhenru Zhang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Gemin Wang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bo Gao
- The Forestry Bureau of Qianjiang District, Chongqing 409000, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Chongqing 400715, China
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4
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Wu S, Tong X, Peng C, Luo J, Zhang C, Lu K, Li C, Ding X, Duan X, Lu Y, Hu H, Tan D, Dai F. The BTB-ZF gene Bm-mamo regulates pigmentation in silkworm caterpillars. eLife 2024; 12:RP90795. [PMID: 38587455 PMCID: PMC11001300 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The color pattern of insects is one of the most diverse adaptive evolutionary phenotypes. However, the molecular regulation of this color pattern is not fully understood. In this study, we found that the transcription factor Bm-mamo is responsible for black dilute (bd) allele mutations in the silkworm. Bm-mamo belongs to the BTB zinc finger family and is orthologous to mamo in Drosophila melanogaster. This gene has a conserved function in gamete production in Drosophila and silkworms and has evolved a pleiotropic function in the regulation of color patterns in caterpillars. Using RNAi and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology, we showed that Bm-mamo is a repressor of dark melanin patterns in the larval epidermis. Using in vitro binding assays and gene expression profiling in wild-type and mutant larvae, we also showed that Bm-mamo likely regulates the expression of related pigment synthesis and cuticular protein genes in a coordinated manner to mediate its role in color pattern formation. This mechanism is consistent with the dual role of this transcription factor in regulating both the structure and shape of the cuticle and the pigments that are embedded within it. This study provides new insight into the regulation of color patterns as well as into the construction of more complex epidermal features in some insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chenxing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jiangwen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chenghao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Kunpeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chunlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yaru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Duan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
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5
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Shirk BD, Torres Pereira Meriade Duarte I, McTyer JB, Eccles LE, Lateef AH, Shirk PD, Stoppel WL. Harvesting Silk Fibers from Plodia interpunctella: Role of Environmental Rearing Conditions in Fiber Production and Properties. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2088-2099. [PMID: 38427786 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Silk fibers are produced by a wide variety of insects. The silkworm Bombyx mori (Bombyx) was domesticated because the physical properties of its silk fibers were amenable to the production of fine textiles. Subsequently, engineers have regenerated silk fibroin to form biomaterials. The monocular focus on Bombyx silk has underutilized the expanse of diverse silk proteins produced by more than 100,000 other arthropods. This vast array of silk fibers could be utilized for biomedical engineering challenges if sufficient rearing and purification processes are developed. Herein, we show that the moth, Plodia interpunctella (Plodia), represents an alternative silk source that is easily reared in highly regulated culture environments allowing for greater consistency in the silk produced. We controlled the temperature, resource availability (larvae/gram diet), and population density (larvae/mL) with the goal of increasing silk fiber production and improving homogeneity in Plodia silk proteins. We determined that higher temperatures accelerated insect growth and reduced life cycle length. Furthermore, we established initial protocols for the production of Plodia silk with optimal silk production occurring at 24 °C, with a resource availability of 10 larvae/gram and a population density of 0.72 larvae/mL. Population density was shown to be the most prominent driving force of Plodia silk mat formation among the three parameters assessed. Future work will need to link gene expression, protein production and purification, and resulting mechanical properties as a function of environmental cues to further transition Plodia silk into regenerated silk fibroin biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce D Shirk
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | | | - Jasmine B McTyer
- Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Lauren E Eccles
- Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ali H Lateef
- Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Paul D Shirk
- Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Whitney L Stoppel
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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6
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Sato R. Utilization of Diverse Molecules as Receptors by Cry Toxin and the Promiscuous Nature of Receptor-Binding Sites Which Accounts for the Diversity. Biomolecules 2024; 14:425. [PMID: 38672442 PMCID: PMC11048593 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
By 2013, it had been shown that the genes cadherin-like receptor (Cad) and ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily C2 (ABCC2) were responsible for insect resistance to several Cry1A toxins, acting as susceptibility-determining receptors, and many review articles have been published. Therefore, this review focuses on information about receptors and receptor-binding sites that have been revealed since 2014. Since 2014, studies have revealed that the receptors involved in determining susceptibility vary depending on the Cry toxin subfamily, and that binding affinity between Cry toxins and receptors plays a crucial role. Consequently, models have demonstrated that ABCC2, ABCC3, and Cad interact with Cry1Aa; ABCC2 and Cad with Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac; ABCC2 and ABCC3 with Cry1Fa; ABCB1 with Cry1Ba, Cry1Ia, Cry9Da, and Cry3Aa; and ABCA2 with Cry2Aa and Cry2Ba, primarily in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Furthermore, since 2017, it has been suggested that the binding sites of BmCad and BmABCC2 on Cry1Aa toxin overlap in the loop region of domain II, indicating that Cry toxins use various molecules as receptors due to their ability to bind promiscuously in this region. Additionally, since 2017, several ABC transporters have been identified as low-efficiency receptors that poorly induce cell swelling in heterologously expressing cultured cells. In 2024, research suggested that multiple molecules from the ABC transporter subfamily, including ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCC10, and ABCC11, act as low-efficiency receptors for a single Cry toxin in the midgut of silkworm larvae. This observation led to the hypothesis that the presence of such low-efficiency receptors contributes to the evolution of Cry toxins towards the generation of highly functional receptors that determine the susceptibility of individual insects. Moreover, this evolutionary process is considered to offer valuable insights for the engineering of Cry toxins to overcome resistance and develop countermeasures against resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Sato
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka 2-24-16, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Li X, Liu H, Bi H, Wang Y, Xu J, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Huang Y. Masculinizer gene controls sexual differentiation in Hyphantria cunea. Insect Sci 2024; 31:405-416. [PMID: 37464965 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The Masculinizer gene, Masc, encodes a lepidopteran-specific novel CCCH-type zinc finger protein, which controls sex determination and dosage compensation in Bombyx mori. Considering the potential application of it in pest control, it is necessary to investigate the function of Masc gene in Hyphantria cunea, a globally invasive forest pest. In the present study, we identified and functionally characterized the Masc gene, HcMasc, in H. cunea. Sequence analysis revealed that HcMASC contained the conserved CCCH-type zinc finger domain, nuclear localization signal, and male determining domain, in which the last was confirmed to be required for its masculinization in BmN cell line. However, expression data showed that unlike male-biased expression in B. mori, HcMasc gene expresses in main all developmental stages or tissues in both sexes. Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated protein 9-based disruption of the common exons 1 and 3 of the HcMasc gene resulted in imbalanced sex ratio and abnormal external genitalia of both sexes. Our results suggest that the HcMasc gene is required for both male and female sexual differentiation and dosage compensation in H. cunea and provide a foundation for developing better strategies to control this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Honglun Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sufang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, China
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Chen F, Guo H, Lan W, Zhou M, Geng W, Shen G, Lin P, Xia Q, Zhao P, Li Z. Targeted DNA N 6-methyladenine editing by dCas9 fused to METTL4 in the lepidopteran model insect Bombyx mori. Insect Sci 2024; 31:646-650. [PMID: 37461250 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
We have established a novel CRISPR-dCas9-METTL4 epigenome editing tool that can methylate target regions to achieve site-specific DNA 6mA methylation in both hypermethylated and hypomethylated genes. Targeted methylation on genes by dCas9-METTL4 results in misexpression, allowing for the functional investigation of target genes of interest in silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiqun Lan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyi Zhou
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Geng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanwang Shen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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9
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Shen Z, Ke Z, Yang Q, Ghebremichael ST, Li T, Li T, Chen J, Meng X, Xiang H, Li C, Zhou Z, Pan G, Chen P. Transcriptomic changes in the microsporidia proliferation and host responses in congenitally infected embryos and larvae. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:321. [PMID: 38556880 PMCID: PMC10983672 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital infection caused by vertical transmission of microsporidia N. bombycis can result in severe economic losses in the silkworm-rearing industry. Whole-transcriptome analyses have revealed non-coding RNAs and their regulatory networks in N. bombycis infected embryos and larvae. However, transcriptomic changes in the microsporidia proliferation and host responses in congenitally infected embryos and larvae remains unclear. Here, we simultaneously compared the transcriptomes of N. bombycis and its host B. mori embryos of 5-day and larvae of 1-, 5- and 10-day during congenital infection. For the transcriptome of N. bombycis, a comparison of parasite expression patterns between congenital-infected embryos and larva showed most genes related to parasite central carbon metabolism were down-regulated in larvae during infection, whereas the majority of genes involved in parasite proliferation and growth were up-regulated. Interestingly, a large number of distinct or shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were revealed by the Venn diagram and heat map, many of them were connected to infection related factors such as Ricin B lectin, spore wall protein, polar tube protein, and polysaccharide deacetylase. For the transcriptome of B. mori infected with N. bombycis, beyond numerous DEGs related to DNA replication and repair, mRNA surveillance pathway, RNA transport, protein biosynthesis, and proteolysis, with the progression of infection, a large number of DEGs related to immune and infection pathways, including phagocytosis, apoptosis, TNF, Toll-like receptor, NF-kappa B, Fc epsilon RI, and some diseases, were successively identified. In contrast, most genes associated with the insulin signaling pathway, 2-oxacarboxylic acid metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and lipid metabolisms were up-regulated in larvae compared to those in embryos. Furthermore, dozens of distinct and three shared DEGs that were involved in the epigenetic regulations, such as polycomb, histone-lysine-specific demethylases, and histone-lysine-N-methyltransferases, were identified via the Venn diagram and heat maps. Notably, many DEGs of host and parasite associated with lipid-related metabolisms were verified by RT-qPCR. Taken together, simultaneous transcriptomic analyses of both host and parasite genes lead to a better understanding of changes in the microsporidia proliferation and host responses in embryos and larvae in N. bombycis congenital infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigang Shen
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zhuojun Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Sericulture and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Samson Teweldeberhan Ghebremichael
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Tangxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Heng Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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10
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Tang L, Chen D, Yang D, Liu Z, Yang X, Liu Y, Zhang L, Liu Z, Wang Y, Tang Z, Huang Y. Bmpali, Bmb1 and Bmcap are necessary for uric acid granule formation in Bombyx mori. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 167:104075. [PMID: 38278280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Uric acid is the end-product of nitrogen metabolism of the silkworm and other lepidopterans. The accumulation of uric acid particles in the epidermis causes the larval silkworm to appear white and opaque. However, the mechanism of uric acid granule formation is still unclear. Silkworm epidermis color is linked to the genes responsible for uric acid particle formation. We first identified two genes in the Bombyx mori genome that encode subunits of the Bloc-1 (Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex-1) by homology to these genes in other eukaryotes, Bmpali and Bmb1. Mutation in these genes caused a transparent phenotype in the silkworm larvae, and the loss of BmBloc-1 subunit gene Bmcap resulted in the same phenotype. These three genes are highly conserved between human and silkworm. We discovered that Bmpali, Bmcap, and Bmb1 localize in the cytoplasm of BmN cells. Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that the Bmpali physically interacts with both Bmcap and Bmb1. Investigating the roles of Bmpali, Bmb1, and Bmcap is essential for uric acid granule formation understanding in Bombyx mori. These mutants present a valuable silkworm model for studying the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LROs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmeng Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Dongbin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dehong Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zulian Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yongping Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Liu W, Huang T, Deng G, Mei X, Zhong S, Shen D, Zhang X, Jiang L, Zhao Q. Genetic and transcriptome analysis of the smb mutant in Bombyx mori. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics 2024; 49:101167. [PMID: 38113651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
More than 600 mutations have been discovered in the history of silkworm domestication. It is important to study the formation mechanism of these mutations to further understand the life and development process of silkworms and agricultural pest control. The silkworm mutant smb was isolated from silkworm strain NCV, and transcriptome analysis was performed on the silkworm mutant. 796 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected at 48 h of the second instar stage with 669 genes significantly upregulated and 127 genes significantly downregulated. During the GO enrichment analysis, it was found that the enrichment of biological processes was mainly concentrated in proteolysis, carbohydrate metabolism, aminoglycan metabolism, organic substance metabolism, protein metabolism and so on. Based on the analysis of KEGG pathways, it revealed that the pathways enriched in lysosomes, AMPK signaling, fatty acid metabolism, PPAR signaling, galactose metabolism, and protein digestion and absorption were the most significant. Through these most significantly enriched GO terms and KEGG pathways, DEGs consistent with the phenotypic characteristics of the smb mutant were identified, including small body size, slow development, and successive death after the fourth instar. These results provided experimental evidence for the potential formation mechanism of smb mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - TianChen Huang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Gang Deng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Xinglin Mei
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Dongxu Shen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China.
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12
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Hasebe M, Sato M, Ushioda S, Kusuhara W, Kominato K, Shiga S. Significance of the clock gene period in photoperiodism in larval development and production of diapause eggs in the silkworm Bombyx mori. J Insect Physiol 2024; 153:104615. [PMID: 38237657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Many insects living in seasonal environments sense seasonal changes from photoperiod and appropriately regulate their development and physiological activities. Genetic researches have indicated the importance of a circadian clock system in photoperiodic time-measurement for photoperiodic regulations. However, most previous studies have focused on the effects on a single photoperiodic phenotype, without elucidating whether the circadian clock is involved in the core photoperiodic mechanism or only in the production of one target phenotype, such as diapause. Here, we focused on two different phenotypes in a bivoltine Kosetsu strain of the silkworm Bombyx mori, namely, embryonic diapause and larval development, and examined their photoperiodic responses and relationship to the circadian clock gene period. Photoperiod during the larval stage clearly influenced the induction of embryonic diapause and duration of larval development in the Kosetsu strain; short-day exposure leaded to the production of diapause eggs and shortened the larval duration. Genetic knockout of period inhibited the short-day-induced embryonic diapause. Conversely, in the period-knockout silkworms, the larval duration was shortened, but the photoperiodic difference was maintained. In conclusion, our results indicate that the period gene is not causally involved in the photoperiodic response of larval development, while that is essential for the short-day-induced embryonic diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Hasebe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Mizuka Sato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ushioda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Wakana Kusuhara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kominato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Sakiko Shiga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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13
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Ma S, Zhang T, Wang R, Wang P, Liu Y, Chang J, Wang A, Lan X, Sun L, Sun H, Shi R, Lu W, Liu D, Zhang N, Hu W, Wang X, Xing W, Jia L, Xia Q. High-throughput and genome-scale targeted mutagenesis using CRISPR in a nonmodel multicellular organism, Bombyx mori. Genome Res 2024; 34:134-144. [PMID: 38191205 PMCID: PMC10903940 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278297.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Large-scale genetic mutant libraries are powerful approaches to interrogating genotype-phenotype correlations and identifying genes responsible for certain environmental stimuli, both of which are the central goal of life science study. We produced the first large-scale CRISPR-Cas9-induced library in a nonmodel multicellular organism, Bombyx mori We developed a piggyBac-delivered binary genome editing strategy, which can simultaneously meet the requirements of mixed microinjection, efficient multipurpose genetic operation, and preservation of growth-defect lines. We constructed a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) plasmid library containing 92,917 sgRNAs targeting promoters and exons of 14,645 protein-coding genes, established 1726 transgenic sgRNA lines following microinjection of 66,650 embryos, and generated 300 mutant lines with diverse phenotypic changes. Phenomic characterization of mutant lines identified a large set of genes responsible for visual phenotypic or economically valuable trait changes. Next, we performed pooled context-specific positive screens for tolerance to environmental pollutant cadmium exposure, and identified KWMTBOMO12902 as a strong candidate gene for breeding applications in sericulture industry. Collectively, our results provide a novel and versatile approach for functional B. mori genomics, as well as a powerful resource for identifying the potential of key candidate genes for improving various economic traits. This study also shows the effectiveness, practicality, and convenience of large-scale mutant libraries in other nonmodel organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyuan Ma
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Tong Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jiasong Chang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Aoming Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xinhui Lan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Le Sun
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Run Shi
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Wenbo Hu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Health Science, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Weiqing Xing
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ling Jia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
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14
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Su Y, Wang W, Dai Y, Qi R, Gu H, Guo X, Liu X, Ren Y, Li F, Li B, Sun H. JH degradation pathway participates in hormonal regulation of larval development of Bombyx mori following λ-cyhalothrin exposure. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140871. [PMID: 38056714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
λ-Cyhalothrin (λ-cyh), a widely utilized pyrethroid insecticide, poses serious threats to non-target organisms due to its persistence nature in the environment. Exposure to low concentrations of λ-cyh has been observed to result in prolonged larval development in Bombyx mori, leading to substantial financial losses in sericulture. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for prolonged development caused by λ-cyh (LC10) exposure. The results showed that the JH Ⅲ titer was significantly increased at 24 h of λ-cyh exposure, and the JH interacting genes Methoprene-tolerant 2, Steroid Receptor Co-activator, Krüppel-homolog 1, and JH binding proteins were also up-regulated. Although the target of rapamycin (Tor) genes were induced by λ-cyh, the biosynthesis of JH in the corpora allata was not promoted. Notably, 13 JH degradation genes were found to be significantly down-regulated in the midgut of B. mori. The mRNA levels and enzyme activity assays indicated that λ-cyh had inhibitory effects on JH esterase, JH epoxide hydrolase, and JH diol kinase (JHDK). Furthermore, the suppression of JHDK (KWMTBOMO01580) was further confirmed by both western blot and immunohistochemistry. This study has offered a comprehensive perspective on the mechanisms underlying the prolonged development caused by insecticides, and our results also hold significant implications for the safe production of sericulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Wanwan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yixin Dai
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Ruinan Qi
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Haoyi Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiqian Guo
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yuying Ren
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
| | - Haina Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
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15
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Guo N, He Y, Lu K, Xu X, Li C, Hu H, Tong X, Tang Y, Cheng L, Dai F. Super silkworm cocoons constructed by multi-silkworm larvae: Promising composites with dense structures and excellent mechanical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128619. [PMID: 38061509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
A normal silkworm cocoon (NSC) with a unique nonwoven structure is usually spun by a single silkworm larva. Notably, there is a special Bombyx mori genetic resource that many (three or more) mature larvae tend to collectively spin into one cocoon, which was named "multi-silkworm cocoon" ("MSC"). However, the MSCs display loose structure and poor mechanical properties which limits their further application. In this study, a series of hybrid silkworm cocoons (HMSCs) are obtained by hybridizing "MSC" with a selected commercial silkworm strain successfully. The morphology, microstructures, and mechanical properties of cocoons constructed by one to three silkworm larvae were characterized and compared. The results indicated that about 48.3 % of silkworm larvae could create double and triple cocoons in the F1 generation of the silkworm hybrid, displaying robust fiber networks and dense structures. The mechanical characteristics of the HMSCs, including the tensile, peeling, compression, and needle penetration resistance properties, exceeded those of MSCs, showing significant application potential for high-performance bio-composites. This study provides a practical approach for obtaining silkworm cocoons with controllable structures and mechanical properties to develop and fabricate natural composite and biomimetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nangkuo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kunpeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuxia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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16
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Tang L, Yang D, Liu Z, Wang Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Chen D, Tang Z, Huang Y. Functional characterization of Bmcap in uric acid metabolism in the silkworm. Insect Sci 2024; 31:147-156. [PMID: 37358054 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
After a millennium of domestication, numerous silkworm mutants have emerged that exhibit transparent epidermis, which is caused by abnormally low levels of uric acid. We identified the Bombyx mori gene Bmcap (BMSK0003832) as the homolog of cappuccino, a subunit of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1) that has been extensively characterized in human, mouse, and insect species, by analyzing the amino acid sequences of putative purine metabolism genes. Using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated protein 9 system, we disrupted Bmcap, resulting in decreased uric acid levels in the silkworm epidermis and a translucent skin phenotype. In the Bmcap mutant, the purine metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and membrane system were altered compared to the wild type. Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complex genes play a role in the pigmentation and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LROs) in platelets, melanocytes, and megakaryocytes. LROs exhibit unique morphologies and functions in various tissues and cells. Investigation of the Bmcap mutant will enhance our understanding of the uric acid metabolic pathway in silkworms, and this mutant offers a valuable silkworm model for LRO studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Dehong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Long D, Liu R, Huang Y, Fu A, Zhang Y, Hao Z, Li Q, Xu H, Xiang Z, Zhao A. An efficient and safe strategy for germ cell-specific automatic excision of foreign DNA in F 1 hybrid transgenic silkworms. Insect Sci 2024; 31:28-46. [PMID: 37356084 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The safety of transgenic technology is a major obstacle in the popularization and use of transgenic silkworms and their products. In sericulture, only the first filial generation (F1 ) hybrid eggs produced by cross-breeding Japanese and Chinese original strains are usually used for the large-scale breeding of silkworms, but this may result in uncontrolled transgene dispersal during the popularization and application of the F1 hybrid transgenic eggs. To address this issue, we developed a safe and efficient strategy using the GAL4/Upstream activating sequence (UAS) system, the FLP/flippase recognition target (FRT) system, and the gonad-specific expression gene promoters (RSHP1p and Nanosp) for the germ cell-specific automatic excision of foreign DNA in the F1 hybrid transgenic silkworms. We established 2 types of activator strains, R1p::GAL4-Gr and Nsp::GAL4-Gr, containing the testis-specific GAL4 gene expression cassettes driven by RSHP1p or Nanosp, respectively, and 1 type of effector strain, UAS::FLP-Rg, containing the UAS-linked FLP gene expression cassette. The FLP recombinase-mediated sperm-specific complete excision of FRT-flanked target DNA in the F1 double-transgenic silkworms resulting from the hybridization of R1p::GAL4-Gr and UAS::FLP-Rg was 100%, whereas the complete excision efficiency resulting from the hybridization of Nsp::GAL4-Gr and UAS::FLP-Rg ranged from 13.73% to 80.3%. Additionally, we identified a gene, sw11114, that is expressed in both testis and ovary of Bombyx mori, and can be used to establish novel gonad-specific expression systems in transgenic silkworms. This strategy has the potential to fundamentally solve the safety issue in the production of F1 transgenic silkworm eggs and provides an important reference for the safety of transgenic technology in other insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingpei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anyao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuli Zhang
- Guangxi Institute of Sericulture Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhanzhang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hanfu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Hu H, Tan D, Luo T, Tong X, Han M, Shen J, Dai F. Cyclin B3 plays pleiotropic roles in female reproductive organogenesis and early embryogenesis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:376-387. [PMID: 37698372 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reproductive system plays a crucial role in insect survival, reproduction and species specificity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying reproductive organogenesis contributes to improving the efficiency of sterile insect technique marked by an eco-friendly pest management strategy. Lepidoptera is one of the largest orders of insects, most of which are major pests in agriculture and forestry. Our study aimed to screen the genes responsible for reproductive organogenesis and unravel the mechanism underlying female reproductive organ defects. RESULTS Morphological investigation of female reproductive organs showed a defective connection between oviductus geminus and oviductus communis on the second day of pupa (P2) in Speckled mutant silkworm. RNA_Seq identified a total of 18 049 transcripts that were expressed in the P2 female internal reproductive organs without ovary in Spc/+ compared to +Spc /+Spc . Differential expression analysis identified 312 up-regulated genes and 221 down-regulated genes in Spc/+. KEGG analysis identified 44 significantly enriched pathways. The results of qRT-PCR performed on 33 genes significantly matched the outcomes of the RNA_Seq. Dysfunction of Cyclin B3 resulted in a defective connection of the oviductus communis with the ovariole, dysfunction of oogenesis, and a petite body. Moreover, homozygous recessive lethality of Cyclin B3/Cyclin B3 occurred during early embryogenesis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Cyclin B3 is a pleiotropic functional gene that regulates early embryogenesis, oogenesis, development, and female reproductive organogenesis. These results showed that Cyclin B3 has significant effects on lepidopteran mortality, growth, and reproductive physiology, which might be considered a novel and potentially eco-friendly target for lepidopteran pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Duan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minjin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianghong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Yin X, Liu S, Wang K, Wan R, Chen H, Li X, Huang B. Variation in Bombyx mori immune response against fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana with variability in cell wall β-1,3-glucan. Insect Sci 2024; 31:211-224. [PMID: 37350124 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi are protected by a cell wall with dynamic structure for adapting to various environmental conditions. β-1,3-Glucan recognition proteins activate the innate immune system of insects by recognizing surface molecules of fungi. However, the associations between pathogenicity and the different components of entomopathogenic fungal cell walls remain unclear. Three Beauveria bassiana strains were selected that have significantly differing virulence against Bombyx mori. The molecular mechanisms underlying the immune response in B. mori were investigated using RNA sequencing, which revealed differences in the immune response to different B. bassiana strains at 12 h post-infection. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that β-1,3-glucan content had an opposite trend to that of fungal virulence. β-1,3-Glucan injection upregulated BmβGRP4 expression and significantly reduced the virulence of the high-virulence strain but not that of the medium-virulence or low-virulence strains. BmβGRP4 silencing in B. mori with RNA interference resulted in the opposite virulence pattern, indicating that the virulence of B. bassiana was affected by the cell walls' content of β-1,3-glucan, which could be recognized by BmβGRP4. Furthermore, interference with the gene CnA (calcineurin catalytic A subunit) involved in β-1,3-glucan synthesis eliminated differences in virulence between B. bassiana strains. These results indicate that strains of a single species of pathogenic fungi that have differing cell wall components are recognized differently by the innate immune system of B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuebing Yin
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shihong Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Rongjie Wan
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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20
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McCartney N, Kondakath G, Tai A, Trimmer BA. Functional annotation of insecta transcriptomes: A cautionary tale from Lepidoptera. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 165:104038. [PMID: 37952902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Functional annotation is a critical step in the analysis of genomic data, as it provides insight into the function of individual genes and the pathways in which they participate. Currently, there is no consensus on the best computational approach for assigning functional annotation. This study compares three functional annotation methods (BLAST, eggNOG-Mapper, and InterProScan) in their ability to assign Gene Ontology terms in two species of Insecta with differing levels of annotation, Bombyx mori and Manduca sexta. The methods were compared for their annotation coverage, number of term assignments, term agreement and non-overlapping terms. Here we show that there are large discrepancies in gene ontology term assignment among the three computational methods, which could lead to confounding interpretations of data and non-comparable results. This study provide insight into the strengths and weaknesses of each computational method and highlight the need for more standardized methods of functional annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naya McCartney
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Gayathri Kondakath
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Albert Tai
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Barry A Trimmer
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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21
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Fukui T, Kiuchi T, Tomihara K, Muro T, Matsuda-Imai N, Katsuma S. Expression of the Wolbachia male-killing factor Oscar impairs dosage compensation in lepidopteran embryos. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:331-337. [PMID: 37985236 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria in insects that can manipulate the sexual development and reproduction by male killing or other methods. We have recently identified a Wolbachia protein named Oscar that acts as a male-killing factor for lepidopteran insects. Oscar interacts with the Masculinizer (Masc) protein, which is required for both masculinization and dosage compensation (DC) in lepidopteran insects. Embryonic expression of Oscar inhibits masculinization and causes male killing in two lepidopteran species, Ostrinia furnacalis and Bombyx mori. However, it remains unknown whether Oscar-induced male killing is caused by a failure of DC. Here, we performed a transcriptome analysis of Oscar complementary RNA-injected O. furnacalis and B. mori embryos, and found that Oscar primarily targets the Masc protein, resulting in male killing by interfering with DC in lepidopteran insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fukui
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takashi Kiuchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kenta Tomihara
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Muro
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Noriko Matsuda-Imai
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Susumu Katsuma
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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22
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Ratanabunyong S, Siriwaseree J, Wanaragthai P, Krobthong S, Yingchutrakul Y, Kuaprasert B, Choowongkomon K, Aramwit P. Exploring the apoptotic effects of sericin on HCT116 cells through comprehensive nanostring transcriptomics and proteomics analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2366. [PMID: 38287097 PMCID: PMC10825148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Sericin, a silk protein from Bombyx mori (silkworms), has many applications, including cosmetics, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer. Sericin complexes with nanoparticles have shown promise for breast cancer cell lines. Apoptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism, stops cancer cell growth. This study found that Sericin urea extract significantly affected HCT116 cell viability (IC50 = 42.00 ± 0.002 µg/mL) and caused apoptosis in over 80% of treated cells. S-FTIR analysis showed significant changes in Sericin-treated cells' macromolecule composition, particularly in the lipid and nucleic acid areas, indicating major cellular modifications. A transcriptomics study found upregulation of the apoptotic signaling genes FASLG, TNFSF10, CASP3, CASP7, CASP8, and CASP10. Early apoptotic proteins also showed that BAD, AKT, CASP9, p53, and CASP8 were significantly upregulated. A proteomics study illuminated Sericin-treated cells' altered protein patterns. Our results show that Sericin activated the extrinsic apoptosis pathway via the caspase cascade (CASP8/10 and CASP3/7) and the death receptor pathway, involving TNFSF10 or FASLG, in HCT116 cells. Upregulation of p53 increases CASP8, which activates CASP3 and causes HCT116 cell death. This multi-omics study illuminates the molecular mechanisms of Sericin-induced apoptosis, sheds light on its potential cancer treatment applications, and helps us understand the complex relationship between silk-derived proteins and cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriluk Ratanabunyong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jeeraprapa Siriwaseree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Panatda Wanaragthai
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, NSTDA, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Buabarn Kuaprasert
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Phatumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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23
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Fang H, Zheng H, Yang Y, Hu Y, Wang Z, Xia Q, Guo P. Structural Insights into the Substrate Binding of Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase FPPS1 from Silkworm, Bombyx mori. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:1787-1796. [PMID: 38214248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) is an important enzyme involved in the juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis pathway. Herein, we report the crystal structure of a type-I Lepidopteran FPPS from Bombyx mori (BmFPPS1) at 2.80 Å resolution. BmFPPS1 adopts an α-helix structure with a deep cavity at the center of the overall structure. Computational simulations combined with biochemical analysis allowed us to define the binding mode of BmFPPS1 to its substrates. Structural comparison revealed that BmFPPS1 adopts a structural pattern similar to that of type-II FPPS but exhibits a distinct substrate-binding site. These findings provide a structural basis for understanding substrate preferences and designing FPPS inhibitors. Furthermore, the expression profiles and RNA interference of BmFPPSs indicated that they play critical roles in the JH biosynthesis and larval-pupal metamorphosis. These findings enhance our understanding of the structural features of type-I Lepidopteran FPPS while providing direct evidence for the physiological role of BmFPPSs in silkworm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Fang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haogang Zheng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Pengchao Guo
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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24
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Wang X, Ye X, Guo J, Dai X, Yu S, Zhong B. Modeling the 3-dimensional structure of the silkworm's spinning apparatus in silk production. Acta Biomater 2024; 174:217-227. [PMID: 38030101 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The silk-spinning process of the silkworms transforms the liquid silk solution to a solid state under mild conditions, making it an attractive model for bioinspiration However, the precise mechanism behind silk expulsion remains largely unknown. Here we selected the silkworms as representative models to investigate the silk-spinning mechanism. We used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) to reconstruct the three-dimensional structures of the spinnerets in silkworms at various stages and with different gene backgrounds. By comparing the musculature and duct deformation of these spinneret models during the spinning process, we were able to simulate the morphological changes of the spinneret. Based on the results, we proposed three essential factors for silkworm spinning: the pressure generated by the silk gland, the opening duct, and the pulling force generated by head movement. Understanding the silkworm spinning process provides insights into clarify the fluid-ejecting mechanism of a group of animals. Moreover, these findings are helpful to the development of biomimetic spinning device that mimics the push-and-pull dual-force system in silkworms. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The silkworms' spinning system produces fibers under mild conditions, making it an ideal candidate for bioinspiration. However, the mechanism of silk expulsion is unknown, and the three-dimensional structure of the spinneret is still uncertain. In this study, we reconstructed a detailed 3-dimensional model of the spinneret at near-nanometer resolution, and for the first time, we observed the changes that occur before and during the silk-spinning process. Our reconstructed models suggested that silkworms have the ability to control the spinning process by opening or closing the spinning duct. During the continuously spinning period, both the pressure generated by the silk gland and the pulling force resulting from head movement work in tandem to expel the silk solution. We believe that gaining a full understanding of the spinning process steps can advance our ability to spin synthetic fibers with properties comparable to those of native fibers by mimicking the natural spinning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiu Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Ye
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jiansheng Guo
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Dai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihua Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Boxiong Zhong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
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25
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Lu K, Pan Y, Shen J, Yang L, Zhan C, Liang S, Tai S, Wan L, Li T, Cheng T, Ma B, Pan G, He N, Lu C, Westhof E, Xiang Z, Han MJ, Tong X, Dai F. SilkMeta: a comprehensive platform for sharing and exploiting pan-genomic and multi-omic silkworm data. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D1024-D1032. [PMID: 37941143 PMCID: PMC10767832 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The silkworm Bombyx mori is a domesticated insect that serves as an animal model for research and agriculture. The silkworm super-pan-genome dataset, which we published last year, is a unique resource for the study of global genomic diversity and phenotype-genotype association. Here we present SilkMeta (http://silkmeta.org.cn), a comprehensive database covering the available silkworm pan-genome and multi-omics data. The database contains 1082 short-read genomes, 546 long-read assembled genomes, 1168 transcriptomes, 294 phenotype characterizations (phenome), tens of millions of variations (variome), 7253 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 18 717 full length transcripts and a set of population statistics. We have compiled publications on functional genomics research and genetic stock deciphering (mutant map). A range of bioinformatics tools is also provided for data visualization and retrieval. The large batch of omics data and tools were integrated in twelve functional modules that provide useful strategies and data for comparative and functional genomics research. The interactive bioinformatics platform SilkMeta will benefit not only the silkworm but also the insect biology communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yifei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianghong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chengyu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shubo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | | | - Linrong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tingcai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ningjia He
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Eric Westhof
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR9002 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min-Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Hu X, Li N, Guo S, Zhu M, Zhang X, Wang C, Gong C. Rapid production of chimeric silkworm/spider silk with improved mechanical properties by infection of nonpermissive Bombyx mori with recombinant AcMNPV harboring native-size of spidroin genes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128466. [PMID: 38035957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Spider silks with excellent mechanical properties attract more attention from scientists worldwide, and the dragline silk that serves as the framework of the spider's web is considered one of the strongest fibers. However, it is unfeasible for large-scale production of spider silk due to its highly territorial, cannibalistic, predatory, and solitary behavior. Herein, to alleviate some of these problems and explore aneasy way to produce spider fibers, we constructed recombinant baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) simultaneously expressing Trichonephila clavipes native ampullate spidroin 2 (MaSp-G) and spidroin 1 (MaSp-C) driven by the promoters of silkworm fibroin genes, to infect the nonpermissive Bombyx mori larvae at the fifth instar. MaSp-G and MaSp-C were co-expressed in the posterior silk glands (PSGs) of infected silkworms and successfully secreted into the lumen of the silk gland for fibroin globule assembly. The integration of MaSp-G and MaSp-C into silkworm silk fibers significantly improved the mechanical properties of these chimeric silk fibers, especially the strength and extensibility, which may be caused by the increment of β-sheet in the chimeric silkworm/spider silk fiber. These results demonstrated that silkworms could be developed as the nonpermissive heterologous host for the mass production of chimeric silkworm/spider silk fibers via the recombinant baculovirus AcMNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sicheng Guo
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Chonglong Wang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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27
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Waizumi R, Hirayama C, Tomita S, Iizuka T, Kuwazaki S, Jouraku A, Tsubota T, Yokoi K, Yamamoto K, Sezutsu H. A major endogenous glycoside hydrolase mediating quercetin uptake in Bombyx mori. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011118. [PMID: 38232119 PMCID: PMC10824415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a common plant flavonoid which is involved in herbivore-plant interactions. Mulberry silkworms (domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori, and wild silkworm, Bombyx mandarina) take up quercetin from mulberry leaves and accumulate the metabolites in the cocoon, thereby improving its protective properties. Here we identified a glycoside hydrolase, named glycoside hydrolase family 1 group G 5 (GH1G5), which is expressed in the midgut and is involved in quercetin metabolism in the domestic silkworm. Our results suggest that this enzyme mediates quercetin uptake by deglycosylating the three primary quercetin glycosides present in mulberry leaf: rutin, quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside. Despite being located in an unstable genomic region that has undergone frequent structural changes in the evolution of Lepidoptera, GH1G5 has retained its hydrolytic activity, suggesting quercetin uptake has adaptive significance for mulberry silkworms. GH1G5 is also important in breeding: defective mutations which result in discoloration of the cocoon and increased silk yield are homozygously conserved in 27 of the 32 Japanese white-cocoon domestic silkworm strains and 12 of the 30 Chinese ones we investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Waizumi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chikara Hirayama
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Tomita
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iizuka
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seigo Kuwazaki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiya Jouraku
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsubota
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kakeru Yokoi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamamoto
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideki Sezutsu
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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28
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Zhang X, Ma S, Gu C, Hu M, Miao M, Quan Y, Yu W. K64 acetylation of heat shock protein 90 suppresses nucleopolyhedrovirus replication in Bombyx mori. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2024; 115:e22079. [PMID: 38288491 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
HSP90 is a highly conserved chaperone that facilitates the proliferation of many viruses, including silkworm (bombyx mori) nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), but the underlying regulatory mechanism was unclear. We found that suppression of HSP90 by 17-AAG, a HSP90-specific inhibitor, significantly reduced the expression of BmNPV capsid protein gp64 and viral genome replication, whereas overexpression of B. mori HSP90(BmHSP90) promoted BmNPV replication. Furthermore, in a recent study of the lysine acetylome of B. mori infected with BmNPV, we focused on the reduced viral proliferation due to changes of BmHSP90 lysine acetylation. Site-directed introduction of acetylated (K/Q) or deacetylated (K/R) mimic mutations into BmHSP90 revealed that lysine 64 (K64) acetylation activated the JAK/STAT pathway and reduced BmHSP90 ATPase activity, leading to diminished chaperone activity and ultimately inhibiting BmNPV proliferation. In this study, a single lysine 64 acetylation change of BmHSP90 was elucidated as a model of posttranslational modifications occurring in the wake of host-virus interactions, providing novel insights into potential antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhen Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyi Ma
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoguang Gu
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Hu
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Miao
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanping Quan
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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29
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Xia J, Fei S, Huang Y, Lai W, Yu Y, Liang L, Wu H, Swevers L, Sun J, Feng M. Single-nucleus sequencing of silkworm larval midgut reveals the immune escape strategy of BmNPV in the midgut during the late stage of infection. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 164:104043. [PMID: 38013005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The midgut is an important barrier against microorganism invasion and proliferation, yet is the first tissue encountered when a baculovirus naturally invades the host. However, only limited knowledge is available how different midgut cell types contribute to the immune response and the clearance or promotion of viral infection. Here, single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA seq) was employed to analyze the responses of various cell subpopulations in the silkworm larval midgut to B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection. We identified 22 distinct clusters representing enteroendocrine cells (EEs), enterocytes (ECs), intestinal stem cells (ISCs), Goblet cell-like and muscle cell types in the BmNPV-infected and uninfected silkworm larvae midgut at 72 h post infection. Further, our results revealed that the strategies for immune escape of BmNPV in the midgut at the late stage of infection include (1) inhibiting the response of antiviral pathways; (2) inhibiting the expression of antiviral host factors; (3) stimulating expression levels of genes promoting BmNPV replication. These findings suggest that the midgut, as the first line of defense against the invasion of the baculovirus, has dual characteristics of "resistance" and "tolerance". Our single-cell dataset reveals the diversity of silkworm larval midgut cells, and the transcriptome analysis provides insights into the interaction between host and virus infection at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shigang Fei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yigui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wenxuan Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yue Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lingying Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hailin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, Athens, Greece.
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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30
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Ouyang G, Qian H, Sun J, Yang R, Gui T, Wang W, Liu Q, Chen A. Proteomics Analysis to Explore the Resistance Genes of Silkworm to Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:59. [PMID: 38254949 PMCID: PMC10815149 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The resistance of silkworms to Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is controlled by a major dominant gene and multiple modifying genes. Given the presence of modified genes, it is difficult to determine the main gene by positional cloning. In this study, the main anti-BmNPV gene of BmNPV-resistant silkworm variety N was introduced into the susceptible variety Su to breed the near-isogenic line SuN with BmNPV resistance. The infection process of BmNPV in the hemolymph of Su and SuN was analyzed using the cell analysis system TissueFAXS PLUS. According to the law of infection and proliferation, hemolymph was extracted every 6 h for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Seven DEPs were found in comparisons between Su and SuN by 2-DE analysis. Among them, acid phosphatase, storage protein, and phenoloxidase can prevent pathogen invasion, which may play a role against BmNPV. Polyamine oxidase plays an important role in energy metabolism, which may be indirectly involved in the process of resisting BmNPV. Most of the transcriptional expression profiles of the seven DEPs were consistent with the 2-DE results. This study can provide a reference for the identification of anti-BmNPV genes and the breeding of BmNPV-resistant silkworm varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Heying Qian
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Juan Sun
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Runhuan Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Tao Gui
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Wenbing Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Key Sericultural Laboratory of Shaanxi, Ankang University, Ankang 725000, China
| | - Anli Chen
- Key Sericultural Laboratory of Shaanxi, Ankang University, Ankang 725000, China
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31
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Lin M, Qian Y, Chen E, Wang M, Ouyang G, Xu Y, Zhao G, Qian H. The Bmtret1 Gene Family and Its Potential Role in Response to BmNPV Stress in Bombyx mori. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:402. [PMID: 38203572 PMCID: PMC10779185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide and participates in physiological activities such as organ formation, energy metabolism, and stress resistance in insects. The Bmtret1 gene family is mainly involved in in the sugar metabolism of silkworm. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis divided 21 Bmtret1 orthologs into three clades. These genes are equally distributed on the nine chromosomes. The cis-elements in the promoter regions of Bmtret1s indicated the possible function of Bmtret1s in response to hormones and environmental stimulus. The qPCR analysis showed the significantly different expression levels of Bmtret1s in different tissues and organs, indicating possible functional divergence. In addition, most Bmtret1s showed disturbed expression levels in response to silkworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) stresses. Our results provide a clue for further functional dissection of the Tret1s in Bombyx mori and implicate them as potential regulators of antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (E.C.); (M.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yixuan Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (E.C.); (M.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Enxi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (E.C.); (M.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Mengjiao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (E.C.); (M.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Gui Ouyang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (E.C.); (M.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (E.C.); (M.W.); (Y.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (E.C.); (M.W.); (Y.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Heying Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (E.C.); (M.W.); (Y.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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32
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Gong J, Zhang W, Wang Q, Zhu Z, Pang J, Hou Y. [Genome-wide identification of the BmAKR gene family in the silkworm ( Bombyx mori) and their expression analysis in diapause eggs and nondiapause eggs]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2023; 39:4982-4995. [PMID: 38147996 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The aldo-keto reductase super family (AKRs) has a wide range of substrate specificity. However, the systematic identification of insect AKR gene family members has not been reported. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to predict the phylogenetic evolution, physical and chemical properties, chromosome location, conserved motifs, and gene structure of AKR family members in Bombyx mori (BmAKR). Transcriptome data or quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to analyze the expression level of BmAKR genes during different organizational periods and silkworm eggs in different developmental states. Moreover, Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of the BmAKR in silkworm eggs. The results showed that 11 BmAKR genes were identified. These genes were distributed on 4 chromosomes of the silkworm genome, all of which had the (α/β) 8-barrel motif, and their physical and chemical characteristics were relatively similar. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the BmAKR genes could be divided into 2 subgroups (AKR1 and AKR2). Transcriptome data analysis showed that the expression of BmAKR genes were quite different in different tissues and periods. Moreover, the expression analysis of BmAKR genes in silkworm eggs showed that some genes were expressed significantly higher in nondiapause eggs than in diapause eggs; but another gene, BmAKR1-1, was expressed significantly higher in diapause eggs than in nondiapause eggs. The detection of protein level found that the difference trend of BmAKR1-1 in diapause eggs and non-diapause eggs was consistent with the results of qRT-PCR. In conclusion, BmAKR1-1 was screened out as candidates through the identification and analysis of the BmAKR genes in silkworm, which may regulate silkworm egg development is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qinglang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zijian Zhu
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiaxin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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33
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Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Yang L, Wang Q, Gong J, Hou Y. [Characterization and immunofluorescence localization analysis of carboxypeptidase A in molt fluid of silkworm]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2023; 39:4950-4964. [PMID: 38147994 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Molting is an important physiological phenomenon of many metamorphosis insects, during which the old and new epidermis are separated by enzymes present in the molting fluid. Various proteomic studies have discovered the presence of Bombyx mori carboxypeptidase A (Bm-CPA) in the molting fluid of silkworm, but its function remains unclear. In order to better understand the role of Bm-CPA in the molting process of silkworm, Bm-CPA was analyzed by bioinformatics analysis, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, antibody preparation, immunofluorescence staining, and expression in Pichia pastoris. The results showed that Bm-CPA had a conserved M14 zinc carboxypeptidase domain and glycosylation site. Its expression was regulated by ecdysone 20E, and large expression was observed in the epidermis of the upper cluster stage. Immunofluorescence staining showed that Bm-CPA was enriched in the epidermis during the molting stage, and the inhibitor of Bm-CPA led to the larval death due to the inability to molt. We also successfully obtained a large number of recombinant Bm-CPA proteins by Pichia pastoris expression in vitro. These results may facilitate further understanding the molting development process of silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuejing Cheng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lingzhen Yang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qinglang Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Wang C, Guo Y, Li H, Chen P. [Analyzing the evolution of insect TMED gene and the expression pattern of silkworm TMED gene]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2023; 39:4996-5013. [PMID: 38147997 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane emp24 domain (TMED) gene is closely related to immune response, signal transduction, growth and disease development in mammals. However, only the Drosophila TMED gene has been reported on insects. We identified the TMED family genes of silkworm, Tribolium castaneum, tobacco moth and Italian bee from their genomes, and found that the TMED family gene composition patterns of one α-class, one β-class, one δ-class and several γ-classes arose in the common ancestor of pre-divergent Hymenoptera insects, while the composition of Drosophila TMED family members has evolved in a unique pattern. Insect TMED family γ-class genes have evolved rapidly, diverging into three separate subclasses, TMED6-like, TMED5-like and TMED3-like. The TMED5-like gene was lost in Hymenoptera, duplicated in the ancestors of Lepidoptera and duplicated in Drosophila. Insect TMED protein not only has typical structural characteristics of TMED, but also has obvious signal peptide. There are seven TMED genes in silkworm, distributed in six chromosomes. One of seven is single exon and others are multi-exons. The complete open reading frame (ORF) sequences of seven TMED genes of silkworm were cloned from larval tissues and registered in GenBank database. BmTMED1, BmTMED2 and BmTMED6 were expressed in all stages and tissues of the silkworm, and all genes were expressed in the 4th and 5th instar and silk gland of the silkworm. The present study revealed the composition pattern of TMED family members, their γ class differentiation and their evolutionary history, providing a basis for further studies on TMED genes in silkworm and other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Wang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu Guo
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haiyin Li
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Zhou L, Ding X, Wang Z, Zhou S, Qin S, Sun X, Wang X, Li M. BmRRS1 Protein Inhibits the Proliferation of Baculovirus Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus in Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:306. [PMID: 38203476 PMCID: PMC10779178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of functional genes involved in baculovirus infection is vital for its wide application in pest biocontrol. This study utilized the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and silkworm as models to elucidate the role of BmRRS1, which has been found to exhibit notable differential expression between resistant and susceptible silkworm strains. The results showed that it was evolutionarily conserved in selected species. Among different tissues, it was expressed at the highest level in the gonads, followed by the hemolymph and silk glands; among the different developmental stages, it was the highest in the second instar, followed by the pupae and adults. Moreover, its vital role in suppressing AcMNPV infection was verified by the decreased expression of lef3 and vp39 protein after overexpression of BmRRS1 as well as by the increased expression of the viral gene lef3 and the viral protein vp39 after siRNA treatment against BmRRS1 expression in BmN cells. Additionally, the direct interaction between BmRRS1 and AcMNPV was detected by the GST pull-down assay. Finally, the homologue of BmRRS1 in Spodoptera frugiperda was found to be involved in larval resistance to AcMNPV. In a word, BmRRS1 plays a vital role in AcMNPV resistance in silkworms, and this might be related to the direct interaction with AcMNPV. The results of this study provide a potential target for protecting silkworm larvae from virus infection and controlling agricultural and forestry pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (L.Z.); (X.D.); (Z.W.); (S.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinyi Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (L.Z.); (X.D.); (Z.W.); (S.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (L.Z.); (X.D.); (Z.W.); (S.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Si Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (L.Z.); (X.D.); (Z.W.); (S.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Sheng Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (L.Z.); (X.D.); (Z.W.); (S.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.S.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (L.Z.); (X.D.); (Z.W.); (S.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.S.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (L.Z.); (X.D.); (Z.W.); (S.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.S.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Muwang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (L.Z.); (X.D.); (Z.W.); (S.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.S.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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Andoh V, Shi W, Ma S, Chen K, Yu Q. Cytotoxicity of AuCu-Cu 2S Nanocomposites: Implications for Biological Evaluation of the Nanocomposite Effect on Bombyx mori Silkworms and Cell Lines. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6745-6758. [PMID: 37956306 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
AuCu-Cu2S nanocomposites are unique materials with exceptional properties that have recently received a lot of interest. However, little is known about their potential toxicity in terrestrial organisms and their subsequent effects on the environment. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective methodologies for evaluating AuCu-Cu2S nanocomposites in biological systems. This study reports the biological evaluation of the AuCu-Cu2S nanocomposite from animal and cell entity levels. The Bombyx mori silkworm was used as a model organism to study the effects of different concentrations of AuCu-Cu2S on silkworm development. Transcriptome analysis was also carried out to examine the genetic modulation exerted by the treatment. Moreover, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of AuCu-Cu2S were evaluated in human bronchial epithelial cells 16HBE, human lung adenocarcinoma, and the insect Spodoptera frugiperda cell sf9 cell lines. The results showed that although AuCu-Cu2S at ≤400 ppm can prolong the eating habit of silkworms and promote the weight of the cocoon layer, there was an increase in silkworm mortality and a decrease in moth formation at a concentration of ≥800 ppm. The genetic regulation by AuCu-Cu2S treatment showed varying effects in the silkworm, primarily related to functions such as transport and catabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, xenobiotic biodegradation, amino acid, and carbohydrate. 16HBE, PC-9, and sf9 treated with 300 ppm of AuCu-Cu2S showed viability percentages of 60, 20, and 90%, respectively. Thus, AuCu-Cu2S at low concentrations serves as a safe and biocompatible material for the sf9 cell lines but is lethal to 16HBE and PC-9. This research could aid in understanding the biological effects and biocompatibility of AuCu-Cu2S nanocomposites, particularly in the field of biochemistry; however, the mechanisms involved need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Andoh
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Wenhui Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
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Bronkhorst AW, Lee CY, Möckel MM, Ruegenberg S, de Jesus Domingues AM, Sadouki S, Piccinno R, Sumiyoshi T, Siomi MC, Stelzl L, Luck K, Ketting RF. An extended Tudor domain within Vreteno interconnects Gtsf1L and Ago3 for piRNA biogenesis in Bombyx mori. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114072. [PMID: 37984437 PMCID: PMC10711660 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) direct PIWI proteins to transposons to silence them, thereby preserving genome integrity and fertility. The piRNA population can be expanded in the ping-pong amplification loop. Within this process, piRNA-associated PIWI proteins (piRISC) enter a membraneless organelle called nuage to cleave their target RNA, which is stimulated by Gtsf proteins. The resulting cleavage product gets loaded into an empty PIWI protein to form a new piRISC complex. However, for piRNA amplification to occur, the new RNA substrates, Gtsf-piRISC, and empty PIWI proteins have to be in physical proximity. In this study, we show that in silkworm cells, the Gtsf1 homolog BmGtsf1L binds to piRNA-loaded BmAgo3 and localizes to granules positive for BmAgo3 and BmVreteno. Biochemical assays further revealed that conserved residues within the unstructured tail of BmGtsf1L directly interact with BmVreteno. Using a combination of AlphaFold modeling, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, and in vitro assays, we identified a novel binding interface on the BmVreteno-eTudor domain, which is required for BmGtsf1L binding. Our study reveals that a single eTudor domain within BmVreteno provides two binding interfaces and thereby interconnects piRNA-loaded BmAgo3 and BmGtsf1L.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chop Y Lee
- International PhD Programme on Gene Regulation, Epigenetics & Genome StabilityMainzGermany
- Integrative Systems Biology GroupInstitute of Molecular BiologyMainzGermany
| | - Martin M Möckel
- Protein Production Core FacilityInstitute of Molecular BiologyMainzGermany
| | - Sabine Ruegenberg
- Protein Production Core FacilityInstitute of Molecular BiologyMainzGermany
| | - Antonio M de Jesus Domingues
- Biology of Non‐coding RNA GroupInstitute of Molecular BiologyMainzGermany
- Present address:
Dewpoint Therapeutics GmbHDresdenGermany
| | - Shéraz Sadouki
- Biology of Non‐coding RNA GroupInstitute of Molecular BiologyMainzGermany
| | - Rossana Piccinno
- Microscopy Core FacilityInstitute of Molecular BiologyMainzGermany
| | - Tetsutaro Sumiyoshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Present address:
Department of Medical Innovations, Osaka Research Center for Drug DiscoveryOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - Mikiko C Siomi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Lukas Stelzl
- Faculty of BiologyJohannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
- KOMET 1, Institute of PhysicsJohannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Katja Luck
- Integrative Systems Biology GroupInstitute of Molecular BiologyMainzGermany
| | - René F Ketting
- Biology of Non‐coding RNA GroupInstitute of Molecular BiologyMainzGermany
- Institute of Developmental Biology and NeurobiologyJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
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38
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Peng M, Wang G, Zhu S. Cold-stored mulberry leaves affect antioxidant system and silk proteins of silkworm (Bombyx mori) larva. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:7673-7682. [PMID: 37431698 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold storage has been widely used to maintain the quality of vegetables, but whether eating cold-stored vegetables affects health remains unknown. RESULTS This study used silkworms as an animal model to evaluate the effects of nutrient changes in cold-stored mulberry leaves (CSML) on health. Compared with fresh mulberry leaves (FML), CSML contained lower vitamin C, soluble sugars and proteins, and higher H2 O2 , suggesting decreased antioxidant ability and nutrition. The CSML did not obviously affect larval survival rate, body weight or dry matter rate, cocoon shape, weight and size, or final rates of cluster and cocooning relative to the FML, suggesting CSML did not alter overall growth and development. However, the CSML increased the initial rates of cluster and cocooning and upregulated BmRpd3, suggesting CSML shortened larval lifespan and enhanced senescence. CSML upregulated BmNOX4, downregulated BmCAT, BmSOD and BmGSH-Px and increased H2 O2 in silkworms, suggesting CSML caused oxidative stress. CSML upregulated ecdysone biosynthesis and inactivation genes and elevated ecdysone concentration in silkworms, suggesting that CSML affected hormone homeostasis. CSML upregulated apoptosis-related genes, downregulated sericin and silk fibroin genes and decreased sericin content rate in silkworms, suggesting oxidative stress and protein deficiency. CONCLUSION Cold storage reduced nutrition and antioxidant capability of mulberry leaves. CSML did not influence growth and development of silkworm larva, but affected health by causing oxidative stress and reducing protein synthesis. The findings show that the ingredient changes in CSML had negative effects on health of silkworms. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijiang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhu M, Tong X, Qiu Q, Pan J, Wei S, Ding Y, Feng Y, Hu X, Gong C. Identification and characterization of extrachromosomal circular DNA in the silk gland of Bombyx mori. Insect Sci 2023; 30:1565-1578. [PMID: 36826848 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The silk gland cells of silkworm are special cells which only replicate DNA in the nucleus without cell division throughout the larval stage. The extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) have not yet been reported in the silk gland of silkworms. Herein, we have explored the characterization of eccDNAs in the posterior silk gland of silkworms. A total of 35 346 eccDNAs were identified with sizes ranging from 30 to 13 569 549 bp. Motif analysis revealed that dual direct repeats are flanking the 5' and 3' breaking points of eccDNA. The sequences exceeding 1 kb length in eccDNAs present palindromic sequence characteristics flanking the 5' and 3' breaking points of the eccDNA. These motifs might support possible models for eccDNA generation. Genomic annotation of the eccDNA population revealed that most eccDNAs (58.6%) were derived from intergenic regions, whereas full or partial genes were carried by 41.4% of eccDNAs. It was found that silk protein genes fib-H, fib-L, and P25, as well as the transcription factors SGF and sage, which play an important regulatory role in silk protein synthesis, could be carried by eccDNAs. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses showed that the genes carried by eccDNAs were mainly associated with the development and metabolism-related signaling pathways. Moreover, it was found that eccDNAfib-L could promote the transcription of fib-L gene. Overall, the results of the present study not only provide a novel perspective on the mechanism of silk gland development and silk protein synthesis but also complement previously reported genome-scale eccDNA data supporting that eccDNAs are common in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Tong
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qunnan Qiu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Pan
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shulin Wei
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuming Ding
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Feng
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Li T, Wang G, He W, Li G, Wang C, Zhao J, Chen P, Guo M, Chen P. A secreted phospholipase A 2 (BmsPLA 2 ) regulates melanization of immunity through BmDDC in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Insect Sci 2023; 30:1579-1594. [PMID: 36924440 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Insect immune-associated phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ) is an important target of pathogen invasion. Melanization, an effective defense response, has significant correlations with other immune responses to coordinate immune attack against invaders. However, the effect of PLA2 on melanization has not yet been reported in insects or other arthropods. In this work, we cloned a PLA2 gene (BmsPLA2 ), and its protein had characteristic features of secreted PLA2 (sPLA2 ). After injection of bacteria, BmsPLA2 expression and sPLA2 activity in hemolymph significantly increased. BmsPLA2 fluorescence was transferred from the cytoplasm to the cell membranes of circulating hemocytes. These results indicated that BmsPLA2 was related to hemolymph immunity in silkworms. Interestingly, reducing BmsPLA2 by RNA interference decreased melanosis (melanistic hemocytes) levels in vivo and in vitro, while BmsPLA2 overexpression had the opposite effect. The larval survival and melanization rate in the hemocoel both slowed depending on the PLA2 inhibitor dosage. These results demonstrated that BmsPLA2 plays a role in melanization during the immune process of silkworms. Surprisingly, the level of BmDDC matched the degree of melanization in various observations. BmDDC expression showed a significant increase, with the peak occurring later than that of BmsPLA2 after injection of bacteria, implying that BmsPLA2 was activated prior to BmDDC. Moreover, the alteration of BmsPLA2 by RNA interference or overexpression led to altered BmDDC levels. These results suggested that BmsPLA2 regulates the melanization response in silkworms through BmDDC. Our study proposes a new regulatory mechanism of the melanization response and new directions for understanding the complex immune networks of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Gemin Wang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei He
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiqin Li
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiamei Zhao
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Chen
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meiwei Guo
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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41
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Iwabuchi K, Miyamoto K, Jouraku A, Takasu Y, Iizuka T, Adegawa S, Li X, Sato R, Watanabe K. ABC transporter subfamily B1 as a susceptibility determinant of Bombyx mori larvae to Cry1Ba, Cry1Ia and Cry9Da toxins. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 163:104030. [PMID: 37952901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a diverse family of transmembrane proteins. Specific subfamily members expressed in the lepidopteran midgut can act as susceptibility determinants for several insecticidal Bt Cry proteins. However, the susceptibility determinants to many Cry toxins still remain unclear. Therefore, we knocked out a series of ABC transporters that are highly expressed in the midgut of Bombyx mori larvae by transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated gene editing, and the lineages that became resistant to Cry toxins were searched by toxin overlay bioassay. As a result, the B. mori ABC transporter subfamily B1 (BmABCB1) knockout lineage showed 19.17-fold resistance to Cry1Ba, 876.2-fold resistance to Cry1Ia, and 29.1-fold resistance to Cry9Da, suggesting that BmABCB1 is the determinant of susceptibility to these toxins. BmABCC2 and BmABCC3 have been shown to be susceptibility determinants based on their function as receptors. Therefore, we next heterologously expressed these ABC transporters in HEK293T cells and performed a cell swelling assay to examine whether these molecules could exert receptor functions. As a result, BmABCB1-expressing cells showed swelling response to Cry1Ia and Cry9Da, and cells expressing PxABCB1, which is the Plutella xylostella ortholog of BmABCB1, showed swelling for Cry1Ba, suggesting that ABCB1 is a susceptibility determinant by functioning as a receptor to these toxins. Furthermore, in order to clarify how high binding affinity is based on receptor function, we performed surface plasmon resonance analysis and found that each KD of Cry1Ba, Cry1Ia, and Cry9Da to BmABCB1 were 7.69 × 10-8 M, 2.19 × 10-9 M, and 4.17 × 10-6 M respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Miyamoto
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Akiya Jouraku
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yoko Takasu
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iizuka
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Satomi Adegawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan.
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Sawada H, Mase K, Koyama R, Suenaga A. Inhibitory Effect on RT-PCR and Restriction Enzyme Activity by Ommochrome and Its Mechanism. Zoolog Sci 2023; 40:431-436. [PMID: 38064369 DOI: 10.2108/zs230068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
To explore the physiological role and/or pharmacological effects of ommochrome, which is a natural organic pigment widely distributed in Protostomia, we attempted to investigate the influence of ommochrome on RT-PCR and activities of restriction enzymes. It was found that ommin, an ommochrome purified from the diapause eggs of Bombyx mori, inhibited the RT-PCR and restriction enzyme activities. The mechanism of these inhibitory reactions is assumed to be the direct binding of ommochrome to DNA rather than acting against the enzymes because, similarly to actinomycin D, there is a phenoxazine ring in the structure of ommin that is known to be intercalated to DNA. To reveal the ommin/DNA interaction, it was investigated by computational approaches such as molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and free energy calculation. From the computational analyses, it was expected that ommin would bind to DNA with almost the same strength as actinomycin D and intercalate into DNA. This is the first report on the pharmacological effect of ommochrome and its inhibitory mechanism obtained from biochemical and computational analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sawada
- Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan,
| | - Keisuke Mase
- Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Rimi Koyama
- Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suenaga
- Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
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Shi G, Cheng J, Zhou Y, Ren F, Bu Y. BmPxt1 mediated immune response by regulating PGE 2 in silkworm, Bombyx mori. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 197:105693. [PMID: 38072548 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) mediates the immune response of insects to multiple stimuli. Mammalian cyclooxygenase (COXs) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of PGs, and peroxinectin (Pxt) may have similar functions in some sequenced insect genomes. As a representative of Lepidoptera, the silkworm also contains PGs, but its synthetic pathway is not clear. We cloned a full-length cDNA encoding a Pxt, designated as BmPxt1, from silkworm. Sequence alignment analysis showed that the protein encoded by BmPxt1 has a conserved domain similar to Pxts, and its catalytic site is shared with the Pxt of Manduca sexta, which also produces PGs. The expression of BmPxt1 gene was the highest in the hemocytes and was induced by Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) challenge in the detected tissues. Moreover, we found that dsPxt1 treatment deficiency down-regulated BmPxt1 transcript levels and efficiently inhibiting hemocyte-spreading and nodule formation in silkworm. Hemocyte-spreading, nodule formation, phenoloxidase (PO) and AMP genes (attacin, defencin and moricin) were also inhibited by aspirin, a COX inhibitor. Treatment by PGE2 but not arachidonic acid (AA) rescued the immunosuppression; PGs concentrations was also inhibited by aspirin. PGE2, but not AA, treatment rescued the PGs concentrations. The COX inhibitor, aspirin, impaired the innate immune response including nodulation, encapsulation, and melanization in silkworm, while PGE2, but not arachidonic acid (AA), partially reversed these effects of aspirin. Recombinant BmsPxt1 significantly induced PO activation in larvae hemolymph, PGs concentrations and encapsulation of agarose beads. Injection of recombinant BmsPxt1 into larvae resulted in increased transcript levels of AMP genes. Our results confirmed that BmPxt1 was involved in the synthesis of PGs in the innate immune response of silkworm larvae, and provided new information for the role of BmsPxt1 secreted by silkworm in activating PO and antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Shi
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Junquan Cheng
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanxiao Bu
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Pan J, Wei S, Qiu Q, Tong X, Shen Z, Zhu M, Hu X, Gong C. A novel chimeric RNA originating from BmCPV S4 and Bombyx mori HDAC11 transcripts regulates virus proliferation. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011184. [PMID: 38048361 PMCID: PMC10721177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerases encoded by segmented negative-strand RNA viruses cleave 5'-m7G-capped host transcripts to prime viral mRNA synthesis ("cap-snatching") to generate chimeric RNA, and trans-splicing occurs between viral and cellular transcripts. Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV), an RNA virus belonging to Reoviridae, is a major pathogen of silkworm (B. mori). The genome of BmCPV consists of 10 segmented double-stranded RNAs (S1-S10) from which viral RNAs encoding a protein are transcribed. In this study, chimeric silkworm-BmCPV RNAs, in which the sequence derived from the silkworm transcript could fuse with both the 5' end and the 3' end of viral RNA, were identified in the midgut of BmCPV-infected silkworms by RNA_seq and further confirmed by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. A novel chimeric RNA, HDAC11-S4 RNA 4, derived from silkworm histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) and the BmCPV S4 transcript encoding viral structural protein 4 (VP4), was selected for validation by in situ hybridization and Northern blotting. Interestingly, our results indicated that HDAC11-S4 RNA 4 was generated in a BmCPV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)-independent manner and could be translated into a truncated BmCPV VP4 with a silkworm HDAC11-derived N-terminal extension. Moreover, it was confirmed that HDAC11-S4 RNA 4 inhibited BmCPV proliferation, decreased the level of H3K9me3 and increased the level of H3K9ac. These results indicated that during infection with BmCPV, a novel mechanism, different from that described in previous reports, allows the genesis of chimeric silkworm-BmCPV RNAs with biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pan
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shulin Wei
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qunnan Qiu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Tong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeen Shen
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Lv JL, Zheng KY, Wang XY, Li MW. Advances in the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway in silkworms, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2023; 114:e22054. [PMID: 37700521 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Signaling pathways regulate the transmission of signals during organism growth and development, promoting the smooth and accurate completion of numerous physiological and biochemical reactions. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway is an essential pathway involved in regulating various physiological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, and more. This pathway also contributes to several important physiological processes in silkworms, including protein synthesis, reproduction, and immune defense against pathogens. Organizing related studies on the ERK signaling pathway in silkworms can provide a better understanding of its mechanism in Lepidopterans and develop a theoretical foundation for improving cocoon production and new strategies for pest biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kai-Yi Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xue-Yang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mu-Wang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhenjiang, China
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Liu X, Gu H, Xu Q, Jiang Z, Li B, Wei J. Determination of suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR normalisation in Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) infected by the parasitoid Exorista sorbillans (Diptera, Tachinidae). Bull Entomol Res 2023; 113:845-857. [PMID: 37997795 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is a lepidopteran model insect of great economic importance. The parasitoid Exorista sorbillans (Diptera, Tachinidae) is the major pest of B. mori and also a promising candidate for biological control. However, the molecular interactions between hosts and dipteran parasitoids have only partially been studied. Gene expression analysis by reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is indispensable to characterise their interactions. Accurate normalisation of RT-qPCR-based gene expression requires the use of reference genes that are constantly expressed irrespective of experimental conditions. In this study, the expression stability of 13 traditionally used reference genes was estimated by five statistical algorithms (ΔCt, geNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder) to determine the best reference genes for gene expression studies in different tissues of B. mori under E. sorbillans parasitism. Specifically, TATA-box-binding protein was the best reference gene in epidermis and testis, while elongation factor 1α was the most stable gene in prothoracic gland and midgut. Elongation factor 1γ, ribosomal protein L3, actin A1, ribosomal protein L40, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A were the most suitable genes in head, silk gland, fat body, haemolymph, Malpighian tubule and ovary, respectively. Our study offers a set of suitable reference genes for gene expression normalisation in B. mori under the parasitic stress of E. sorbillans, which will benefit the in-depth exploration of host-dipteran parasitoid interactions, and also provide insights for further improvements of B. mori resistance against parasitoids and biocontrol efficacy of dipteran parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Haoyi Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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Fu TY, Ji SS, Tian YL, Lin YG, Chen YM, Zhong QE, Zheng SC, Xu GF. Methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD)2/3 specifically recognizes and binds to the genomic mCpG site with a β-sheet in the MBD to affect embryonic development in Bombyx mori. Insect Sci 2023; 30:1607-1621. [PMID: 36915030 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Methyl-CpG (mCpG) binding domain (MBD) proteins especially bind with methylated DNA, and are involved in many important biological processes; however, the binding mechanism between insect MBD2/3 and mCpG remains unclear. In this study, we identified 2 isoforms of the MBD2/3 gene in Bombyx mori, MBD2/3-S and MBD2/3-L. Binding analysis of MBD2/3-L, MBD2/3-S, and 7 mutant MBD2/3-L proteins deficient in β1-β6 or α1 in the MBD showed that β2-β3-turns in the β-sheet of the MBD are necessary for the formation of the MBD2/3-mCpG complex; furthermore, other secondary structures, namely, β4-β6 and an α-helix, play a role in stabilizing the β-sheet structure to ensure that the MBD is able to bind mCpG. In addition, sequence alignment and binding analyses of different insect MBD2/3s indicated that insect MBD2/3s have an intact and conserved MBD that binds to the mCpG of target genes. Furthermore, MBD2/3 RNA interference results showed that MBD2/3-L plays a role in regulating B. mori embryonic development, similar to that of DNA methylation; however, MBD2/3-S without β4-β6 and α-helix does not alter embryonic development. These results suggest that MBD2/3-L recognizes and binds to mCpG through the intact β-sheet structure in its MBD, thus ensuring silkworm embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yu Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Shun Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Lin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Guang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Mei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-En Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Chun Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan-Feng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Furuta K, Yamada N, Kayukawa T. Synthesis of 1,4-benzodioxan derivatives and the evaluation of their biological activity as a novel juvenile hormone signaling inhibitor. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:5341-5348. [PMID: 37611118 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile hormone (JH) signaling inhibitors may be used as insect growth regulators because of their ability to control metamorphosis and reproduction in insects by regulating the action of JH. RESULTS We identified ethyl (E)-3-(4-{[7- (4-methoxycarbonylbenzyloxy)-1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl]methyl}phenyl)prop-2-enoate (EMBP) and observed its strong precocious metamorphosis-inducing activity against silkworm larvae. To further elucidate its mechanism of action, we investigated the effect of EMBP on the JH-mediated signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. In a reporter assay using a Bombyx mori cell line, EMBP strongly suppressed the induction of reporter gene expression by Juvenile hormone I (JH I) in a concentration-dependent manner. A parallel rightward shift was observed in the dose-response curve of JH I after treatment with EMBP, indicating that EMBP competitively inhibited JH. Moreover, we monitored developmental changes in the JH-responsive gene, Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1), and ecdysone-responsive gene, Broad-Complex (BRC), in EMBP-treated silkworm larvae. EMBP suppressed only the expression of Kr-h1 in third-instar larvae. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that EMBP specifically regulates the JH-mediated Kr-h1 signaling pathway. EMBP could be used as a lead compound in the development of new insect growth regulators. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Furuta
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoko Yamada
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Takumi Kayukawa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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Mase K, Hirayama C, Narukawa J, Kuwazaki S, Yamamoto K. Fine mapping of Green a, Ga, on chromosome 27 in Bombyx mori. Genes Genet Syst 2023; 98:239-247. [PMID: 37813645 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.23-00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Some strains of silkworms produce green cocoons of varying intensities. This results from quantitative and qualitative differences in flavonoid pigments, which are influenced by the environment and genetic background. We discovered that the appearance of a faint green cocoon is regulated by a gene (G27) located on chromosome 27. Through mating experiments, we found that G27 is identical to an essential flavonoid cocoon gene, Ga. This locus has not been previously described. Furthermore, we narrowed down the Ga region to 438 kbp using molecular markers. Within this region, several predicted genes for sugar transporters form a cluster structure, suggesting that Ga is among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Mase
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University
| | | | - Junko Narukawa
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, NARO
| | - Seigo Kuwazaki
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, NARO
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50
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Xu X, Liang X, Wei W, Ding X, Peng C, Wang X, Chen X, Yang L, Xu J. Effects of non-lethal Cry1F toxin exposure on the growth, immune response, and intestinal microbiota of silkworm (Bombyx mori). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 267:115648. [PMID: 37922779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) maize is expected to be commercial cultivated widely in China. When Bt maize is planted near mulberry trees, it renders silkworms (Bombyx mori) vulnerable, as they belong to the same class as the Lepidoptera insects targeted by Bt maize. Cry1F has been found to be highly toxic to silkworms, particularly in their early larval stages. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of non-lethal Cry1F exposure on the growth, immune response, and intestinal microbiota in silkworms. The results showed that feeding silkworms with mulberry leaves soaked in 100 μg/mL Cry1F for 96 h had an impact on larval body weight acquisition, leading to a decrease in cocoon and pupae weight. Cry1F exposure disrupted the intestinal integrity of silkworms by affecting the columnar cells of the midgut. The activity of detoxification enzymes (CarE, AChE, and GST) as well as antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and POD) were also affected by Cry1F. After 96 h Cry1F exposure, the evenness of the bacterial community was disrupted, resulting in alterations in the structure of the intestinal microbiota. Additionally, Cry1F exposure affected the relative expression levels of the peritrophic membrane (PM) protein and the corresponding immune pathways genes of silkworms. Most of the immune-related gene expressions were inhibited after exposure to Cry1F toxin but increased with prolonged treatment. This study demonstrates that non-lethal Cry1F exposure can affect the growth, immune response, and intestinal microbiota of silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaowei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Biological and Food Engineering School, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaohao Ding
- Biological and Food Engineering School, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaofu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Junfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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